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Nunes MJ, Carvalho AN, Sá-Lemos C, Colaço M, Cervenka I, Ciraci V, Santos SG, Ribeiro MM, Castanheira M, Jannig PR, Gama MJ, Castro-Caldas M, Rodrigues CMP, Rodrigues E, Ruas JL. Sustained PGC-1α2 or PGC-1α3 expression induces astrocyte dysfunction and degeneration. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151377. [PMID: 38006841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) transcriptional coactivators are key regulators of energy metabolism-related genes and are expressed in energy-demanding tissues. There are several PGC-1α variants with different biological functions in different tissues. The brain is one of the tissues where the role of PGC-1α isoforms remains less explored. Here, we used a toxin-based mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and observed that the expression levels of variants PGC-1α2 and PGC-1α3 in the nigrostriatal pathway increases at the onset of dopaminergic cell degeneration. This increase occurs concomitant with an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein levels. Since PGC-1α coactivators regulate cellular adaptive responses, we hypothesized that they could be involved in the modulation of astrogliosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Therefore, we analysed the transcriptome of astrocytes transduced with expression vectors encoding PGC-1α1 to 1α4 by massively parallel sequencing (RNA-seq) and identified the main cellular pathways controlled by these isoforms. Interestingly, in reactive astrocytes the inflammatory and antioxidant responses, adhesion, migration, and viability were altered by PGC-1α2 and PGC-1α3, showing that sustained expression of these isoforms induces astrocyte dysfunction and degeneration. This work highlights PGC-1α isoforms as modulators of astrocyte reactivity and as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Nunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A N Carvalho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Sá-Lemos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Colaço
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I Cervenka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Ciraci
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S G Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M M Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Castanheira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P R Jannig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Gama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Castro-Caldas
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - C M P Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J L Ruas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Qian L, Zhu Y, Deng C, Liang Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yang Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424050 PMCID: PMC10904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Stouth DW, vanLieshout TL, Mikhail AI, Ng SY, Raziee R, Edgett BA, Vasam G, Webb EK, Gilotra KS, Markou M, Pineda HC, Bettencourt-Mora BG, Noor H, Moll Z, Bittner ME, Gurd BJ, Menzies KJ, Ljubicic V. CARM1 drives mitophagy and autophagy flux during fasting-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Autophagy 2023. [PMID: 38018843 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2288528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CARM1 (coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1) has recently emerged as a powerful regulator of skeletal muscle biology. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the methyltransferase remodels muscle remain to be fully understood. In this study, carm1 skeletal muscle-specific knockout (mKO) mice exhibited lower muscle mass with dysregulated macroautophagic/autophagic and atrophic signaling, including depressed AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) site-specific phosphorylation of ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; Ser555) and FOXO3 (forkhead box O3; Ser588), as well as MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)-induced inhibition of ULK1 (Ser757), along with AKT/protein kinase B site-specific suppression of FOXO1 (Ser256) and FOXO3 (Ser253). In addition to lower mitophagy and autophagy flux in skeletal muscle, carm1 mKO led to increased mitochondrial PRKN/parkin accumulation, which suggests that CARM1 is required for basal mitochondrial turnover and autophagic clearance. carm1 deletion also elicited PPARGC1A (PPARG coactivator 1 alpha) activity and a slower, more oxidative muscle phenotype. As such, these carm1 mKO-evoked adaptations disrupted mitophagy and autophagy induction during food deprivation and collectively served to mitigate fasting-induced muscle atrophy. Furthermore, at the threshold of muscle atrophy during food deprivation experiments in humans, skeletal muscle CARM1 activity decreased similarly to our observations in mice, and was accompanied by site-specific activation of ULK1 (Ser757), highlighting the translational impact of the methyltransferase in human skeletal muscle. Taken together, our results indicate that CARM1 governs mitophagic, autophagic, and atrophic processes fundamental to the maintenance and remodeling of muscle mass. Targeting the enzyme may provide new therapeutic approaches for mitigating skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Stouth
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Andrew I Mikhail
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sean Y Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Rozhin Raziee
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brittany A Edgett
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Goutham Vasam
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 7K4, Canada
| | - Erin K Webb
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kevin S Gilotra
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Matthew Markou
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Hannah C Pineda
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Haleema Noor
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zachary Moll
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Megan E Bittner
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 7K4, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and the Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
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Dery KJ, Wong Z, Wei M, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Mechanistic Insights into Alternative Gene Splicing in Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023. [PMID: 37776178 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are inducers of tissue injury. Alternative splicing (AS) is an essential regulatory step for diversifying the eukaryotic proteome. Human diseases link AS to OS; however, the underlying mechanisms must be better understood. Recent Advances: Genome‑wide profiling studies identify new differentially expressed genes induced by OS-dependent ischemia/reperfusion injury. Overexpression of RNA-binding protein RBFOX1 protects against inflammation. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α directs polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 to regulate mouse carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (Ceacam1) AS under OS conditions. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L variant 1 contains an RGG/RG motif that coordinates with transcription factors to influence human CEACAM1 AS. Hypoxia intervention involving short interfering RNAs directed to long-noncoding RNA 260 polarizes M2 macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype and alleviates OS by inhibiting IL-28RA gene AS. Critical Issues: Protective mechanisms that eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for resolving imbalances that lead to chronic inflammation. Defects in AS can cause ROS generation, cell death regulation, and the activation of innate and adaptive immune factors. We propose that AS pathways link redox regulation to the activation or suppression of the inflammatory response during cellular stress. Future Directions: Emergent studies using molecule-mediated RNA splicing are being conducted to exploit the immunogenicity of AS protein products. Deciphering the mechanisms that connect misspliced OS and pathologies should remain a priority. Controlled release of RNA directly into cells with clinical applications is needed as the demand for innovative nucleic acid delivery systems continues to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Dery
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zeriel Wong
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Megan Wei
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Yoshida T, Fujitani M, Farmer S, Harada A, Shi Z, Lee JJ, Tinajero A, Singha AK, Fujikawa T. VMHdm/c SF-1 neuronal circuits regulate skeletal muscle PGC1-α via the sympathoadrenal drive. Mol Metab 2023; 77:101792. [PMID: 37633515 PMCID: PMC10491730 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To adapt to metabolically challenging environments, the central nervous system (CNS) orchestrates metabolism of peripheral organs including skeletal muscle. The organ-communication between the CNS and skeletal muscle has been investigated, yet our understanding of the neuronal pathway from the CNS to skeletal muscle is still limited. Neurons in the dorsomedial and central parts of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHdm/c) expressing steroidogenic factor-1 (VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons) are key for metabolic adaptations to exercise, including increased basal metabolic rate and skeletal muscle mass in mice. However, the mechanisms by which VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons regulate skeletal muscle function remain unclear. Here, we show that VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons increase the sympathoadrenal activity and regulate skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) in mice via multiple downstream nodes. METHODS Optogenetics was used to specifically manipulate VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons combined with genetically-engineered mice and surgical manipulation of the sympathoadrenal activity. RESULTS Optogenetic activation of VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons dramatically elevates mRNA levels of skeletal muscle Pgc-1α, which regulates a spectrum of skeletal muscle function including protein synthesis and metabolism. Mechanistically, the sympathoadrenal drive coupled with β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AdR) is essential for VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons-mediated increases in skeletal muscle PGC1-α. Specifically, both adrenalectomy and β2AdR knockout block augmented skeletal muscle PGC1-α by VMHdm/cSF-1 neuronal activation. Optogenetic functional mapping reveals that downstream nodes of VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons are functionally redundant to increase circulating epinephrine and skeletal muscle PGC1-α. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we propose that VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons-skeletal muscle pathway, VMHdm/cSF-1 neurons→multiple downstream nodes→the adrenal gland→skeletal muscle β2AdR, underlies augmented skeletal muscle function for metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA; Department of Clinical Nutrition School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mina Fujitani
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA; Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Scotlynn Farmer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Ami Harada
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA; Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Zhen Shi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jenny J Lee
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Arely Tinajero
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Ashish K Singha
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Teppei Fujikawa
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA; Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
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6
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Guo M, Zhang J, Ma Y, Zhu Z, Zuo H, Yao J, Wu X, Wang D, Yu J, Meng M, Liu C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Lu J, Ding S, Hu C, Ma X, Xu L. AAV-Mediated nuclear localized PGC1α4 delivery in muscle ameliorates sarcopenia and aging-associated metabolic dysfunctions. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13961. [PMID: 37584432 PMCID: PMC10577532 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized of muscle mass loss and functional decline in elder individuals which severely affects human physical activity, metabolic homeostasis, and life quality. Physical exercise is considered effective in combating muscle atrophy and sarcopenia, yet it is not feasible to elders with limited mobility. PGC-1α4, a short isoform of PGC-1α, is strongly induced in muscle under resistance training, and promotes muscle hypertrophy. In the present study, we showed that the transcriptional levels and nuclear localization of PGC1α4 was reduced during aging, accompanied with muscle dystrophic morphology, and gene programs. We thus designed NLS-PGC1α4 and ectopically express it in myotubes to enhance PGC1α4 levels and maintain its location in nucleus. Indeed, NLS-PGC1α4 overexpression increased muscle sizes in myotubes. In addition, by utilizing AAV-NLS-PGC1α4 delivery into gastrocnemius muscle, we found that it could improve sarcopenia with grip strength, muscle weights, fiber size and molecular phenotypes, and alleviate age-associated adiposity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, accompanied with altered gene signatures. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that NLS-PGC-1α4 improved insulin signaling and enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Besides, via RNA-seq analysis, we identified myokines IGF1 and METRNL as potential targets of NLS-PGC-1α4 that possibly mediate the improvement of muscle and adipose tissue functionality and systemic energy metabolism in aged mice. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between PGC1α4 and age in human skeletal muscle. Together, our results revealed that NLS-PGC1α4 overexpression improves muscle physiology and systematic energy homeostasis during aging and suggested it as a potent therapeutic strategy against sarcopenia and aging-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenzhong Zhu
- Department of OrthopedicsSixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Zuo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xia Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismFengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Meiyao Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Caizhi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismFengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes MellitusShanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes MellitusShanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Jiangrong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and HealthEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and HealthEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismFengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes MellitusShanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismFengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision OpticsChongqing Institute of East China Normal UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
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7
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Souder DC, McGregor ER, Rhoads TW, Clark JP, Porter TJ, Eliceiri K, Moore DL, Puglielli L, Anderson RM. Mitochondrial regulator PGC-1a in neuronal metabolism and brain aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.559526. [PMID: 37808866 PMCID: PMC10557769 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.559526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a high energy tissue, and the cell types of which it is comprised are distinct in function and in metabolic requirements. The transcriptional co-activator PGC-1a is a master regulator of mitochondrial function and is highly expressed in the brain; however, its cell-type specific role in regulating metabolism has not been well established. Here, we show that PGC-1a is responsive to aging and that expression of the neuron specific PGC-1a isoform allows for specialization in metabolic adaptation. Transcriptional profiles of the cortex from male mice show an impact of age on immune, inflammatory, and neuronal functional pathways and a highly integrated metabolic response that is associated with decreased expression of PGC-1a. Proteomic analysis confirms age-related changes in metabolism and further shows changes in ribosomal and RNA splicing pathways. We show that neurons express a specialized PGC-1a isoform that becomes active during differentiation from stem cells and is further induced during the maturation of isolated neurons. Neuronal but not astrocyte PGC-1a responds robustly to inhibition of the growth sensitive kinase GSK3b, where the brain specific promoter driven dominant isoform is repressed. The GSK3b inhibitor lithium broadly reprograms metabolism and growth signaling, including significantly lower expression of mitochondrial and ribosomal pathway genes and suppression of growth signaling, which are linked to changes in mitochondrial function and neuronal outgrowth. In vivo, lithium treatment significantly changes the expression of genes involved in cortical growth, endocrine, and circadian pathways. These data place the GSK3b/PGC-1a axis centrally in a growth and metabolism network that is directly relevant to brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Souder
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Eric R McGregor
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Timothy W Rhoads
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Josef P Clark
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Tiaira J Porter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kevin Eliceiri
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
- GRECC William S, Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
- GRECC William S, Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
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8
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Mikhail AI, Manta A, Ng SY, Osborne AK, Mattina SR, Mackie MR, Ljubicic V. A single dose of exercise stimulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial plasticity in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13943. [PMID: 36726043 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the second most common muscular dystrophy after Duchenne and is the most prevalent muscular dystrophy in adults. DM1 patients that participate in aerobic exercise training experience several physiological benefits concomitant with improved muscle mitochondrial function without alterations in typical DM1-specific disease mechanisms, which suggests that correcting organelle health is key to ameliorate the DM1 pathology. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial turnover and dynamics in DM1 skeletal muscle is lacking. METHODS Skeletal muscle tissue was sampled from healthy and DM1 mice under sedentary conditions and at several recovery time points following an exhaustive treadmill run. RESULTS We demonstrate that DM1 patients exhibit an imbalance in the transcriptional apparatus for mitochondrial turnover and dynamics in skeletal muscle. Additionally, DM1 mice displayed elevated expression of autophagy and mitophagy regulators. A single dose of exercise successfully enhanced canonical exercise molecular pathways and skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis despite failing to alter the cellular pathology in DM1 mice. However, treadmill running stimulated coordinated organelle fusion and fission signaling, as well as improved alternative splicing of Optic atrophy 1. Exercise also evoked autophagy and mitophagy pathways in DM1 skeletal muscle resulting in the normalized expression of autophagy- and lysosome-related machinery responsible for the clearance of dysfunctional organelles. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data indicate that mitochondrial dynamics and turnover processes in DM1 skeletal muscle are initiated with a single dose of exercise, which may underlie the adaptive benefits previously documented in DM1 mice and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Mikhail
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Manta
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Y Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aislin K Osborne
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie R Mattina
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark R Mackie
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Rambout X, Cho H, Blanc R, Lyu Q, Miano JM, Chakkalakal JV, Nelson GM, Yalamanchili HK, Adelman K, Maquat LE. PGC-1α senses the CBC of pre-mRNA to dictate the fate of promoter-proximally paused RNAPII. Mol Cell 2023; 83:186-202.e11. [PMID: 36669479 PMCID: PMC9951270 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PGC-1α is well established as a metazoan transcriptional coactivator of cellular adaptation in response to stress. However, the mechanisms by which PGC-1α activates gene transcription are incompletely understood. Here, we report that PGC-1α serves as a scaffold protein that physically and functionally connects the DNA-binding protein estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), cap-binding protein 80 (CBP80), and Mediator to overcome promoter-proximal pausing of RNAPII and transcriptionally activate stress-response genes. We show that PGC-1α promotes pausing release in a two-arm mechanism (1) by recruiting the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and (2) by outcompeting the premature transcription termination complex Integrator. Using mice homozygous for five amino acid changes in the CBP80-binding motif (CBM) of PGC-1α that destroy CBM function, we show that efficient differentiation of primary myoblasts to myofibers and timely skeletal muscle regeneration after injury require PGC-1α binding to CBP80. Our findings reveal how PGC-1α activates stress-response gene transcription in a previously unanticipated pre-mRNA quality-control pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rambout
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Roméo Blanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Qing Lyu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joseph M Miano
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Nelson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hari K Yalamanchili
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynne E Maquat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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10
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Association of rare PPARGC1A variants with Parkinson's disease risk. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:687-690. [PMID: 35996014 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent researches on Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis discovered the correlation between PD and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) dysfunction and reduction of PPARGC1A gene expression. Hence, we detected PPARGC1A rare variants to clarify their effect on PD risk in a large population of PD patients in mainland China. METHODS We applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) to 1917 patients with early-onset or familial PD and 1652 controls (WES cohort), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to 1962 patients with sporadic late-onset PD and 1279 controls (WGS cohort). To identify PPARGC1A rare variants, we used burden analysis to assess the relationship between PPARGC1A rare variants and PD susceptibility. RESULTS 30 rare missense variants in the cohort WES and 21 missense variants in the cohort WGS have been detected in the study and PPARGC1A missense variants are significantly associated with early-onset and familial PD susceptibility in our study (P = 0.012), which supports evidence that PPARGC1A rare variants are involved in the onset of early-onset and familial PD. CONCLUSIONS The study suggested that PPARGC1A rare variants may contribute to the risk of early-onset and familial PD.
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11
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Oehler D, Spychala A, Gödecke A, Lang A, Gerdes N, Ruas J, Kelm M, Szendroedi J, Westenfeld R. Full-length transcriptomic analysis in murine and human heart reveals diversity of PGC-1α promoters and isoforms regulated distinctly in myocardial ischemia and obesity. BMC Biol 2022; 20:169. [PMID: 35907957 PMCID: PMC9338484 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) acts as a transcriptional coactivator and regulates mitochondrial function. Various isoforms are generated by alternative splicing and differentially regulated promoters. In the heart, total PGC-1α deficiency knockout leads to dilatative cardiomyopathy, but knowledge on the complexity of cardiac isoform expression of PGC-1α remains sparse. Thus, this study aims to generate a reliable dataset on cardiac isoform expression pattern by long-read mRNA sequencing, followed by investigation of differential regulation of PGC-1α isoforms under metabolic and ischemic stress, using high-fat-high-sucrose-diet-induced obesity and a murine model of myocardial infarction. Results Murine (C57Bl/6J) or human heart tissue (obtained during LVAD-surgery) was used for long-read mRNA sequencing, resulting in full-length transcriptomes including 58,000 mRNA isoforms with 99% sequence accuracy. Automatic bioinformatic analysis as well as manual similarity search against exonic sequences leads to identification of putative coding PGC-1α isoforms, validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Thereby, 12 novel transcripts generated by hitherto unknown splicing events were detected. In addition, we postulate a novel promoter with homologous and strongly conserved sequence in human heart. High-fat diet as well as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury transiently reduced cardiac expression of PGC-1α isoforms, with the most pronounced effect in the infarcted area. Recovery of PGC-1α-isoform expression was even more decelerated when I/R was performed in diet-induced obese mice. Conclusions We deciphered for the first time a complete full-length transcriptome of the murine and human heart, identifying novel putative PGC-1α coding transcripts including a novel promoter. These transcripts are differentially regulated in I/R and obesity suggesting transcriptional regulation and alternative splicing that may modulate PGC-1α function in the injured and metabolically challenged heart. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01360-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oehler
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - André Spychala
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jorge Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Westenfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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12
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Mikhail AI, Nagy PL, Manta K, Rouse N, Manta A, Ng SY, Nagy MF, Smith P, Lu JQ, Nederveen JP, Ljubicic V, Tarnopolsky MA. Aerobic exercise elicits clinical adaptations in myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients independent of pathophysiological changes. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:156125. [PMID: 35316212 PMCID: PMC9106360 DOI: 10.1172/jci156125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a complex life-limiting neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe skeletal muscle atrophy, weakness, and cardio-respiratory defects. Exercised DM1 mice exhibit numerous physiological benefits that are underpinned by reduced CUG foci and improved alternative splicing. However, the efficacy of physical activity in patients is unknown. METHODS Eleven genetically diagnosed DM1 patients were recruited to examine the extent to which 12-weeks of cycling can recuperate clinical, and physiological metrics. Furthermore, we studied the underlying molecular mechanisms through which exercise elicits benefits in skeletal muscle of DM1 patients. RESULTS DM1 was associated with impaired muscle function, fitness, and lung capacity. Cycling evoked several clinical, physical, and metabolic advantages in DM1 patients. We highlight that exercise-induced molecular and cellular alterations in patients do not conform with previously published data in murine models and propose a significant role of mitochondrial function in DM1 pathology. Lastly, we discovered a subset of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) that correlated to indicators of disease severity. CONCLUSION With no available cures, our data supports the efficacy of exercise as a primary intervention to partially mitigate the clinical progression of DM1. Additionally, we provide evidence for the involvement of snoRNAs and other noncoding RNAs in DM1 pathophysiology. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was approved by the HiREB committee (#7901) and registered under ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04187482). FUNDING This work was primarily supported by Neil and Leanne Petroff. This study was also supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Foundation Grant to MAT (#143325).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Mikhail
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Peter L Nagy
- Department of Neurology, Praxis Genomics, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Katherine Manta
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nicholas Rouse
- Department of Neurology, Praxis Genomics, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Alexander Manta
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sean Y Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael F Nagy
- Department of Neurology, Praxis Genomics, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Paul Smith
- Department of Neurology, Praxis Genomics, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine/Neuropathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
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13
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Christiansen D, Bishop DJ. Aerobic-interval exercise with blood flow restriction potentiates early markers of metabolic health in man. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13769. [PMID: 34984835 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study examined whether aerobic-interval exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) potentiates early markers of metabolic health compared to exercise with systemic hypoxia or normoxia in man. METHODS In a randomized-crossover fashion, eight healthy men completed nine 2-minute running bouts at 105% of their lactate threshold on three occasions separated by one week, either with BFR (BFR-trial), systemic hypoxia (HYP-trial) or normoxia (control; CON-trial). Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to assess the muscle level of hypoxia. A muscle biopsy was collected at rest and 3 hours after exercise to quantify genes involved in cholesterol synthesis (PGC-1α2), glucose disposal (GLUT4) and capillary growth (HIF-1α; VEGFA), as well as mitochondrial respiration (PGC-1α2/3), uncoupling (UCP3) and expansion (p53; COXIV-1/2; CS; AMPKα1/2). RESULTS The muscle level of hypoxia was matched between the BFR-trial and HYP-trial (~90%; P > .05), which was greater than the CON-trial (~70%; P < .05). PGC-1α2 increased most in the BFR-trial (16-fold vs CON-trial; 11-fold vs HYP-trial; P < .05). GLUT4 and VEGFA selectively increased by 2.0 and 3.4-fold, respectively in BFR-trial (P < .05), which was greater than CON-trial (1.2 and 1.3 fold) and HYP-trial (1.2 and 1.8 fold; P < .05). UCP3 increased more in BFR-trial than the HYP-trial (4.3 vs 1.6 fold), but was not different between BFR-trial and CON-trial (2.1 fold) or between CON-trial and HYP-trial (P > .05). No trial differences were evident for other genes (P > .05). CONCLUSION Independent of the muscle level of hypoxia, BFR-exercise potentiates early markers of metabolic health associated with the regulation of cholesterol production and glucose homeostasis in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Christiansen
- Institute for Health & Sport Victoria University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health & Sport Victoria University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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14
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Ehrlich KC, Deng HW, Ehrlich M. Epigenetics of Mitochondria-Associated Genes in Striated Muscle. EPIGENOMES 2021; 6:1. [PMID: 35076500 PMCID: PMC8788487 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle has especially large energy demands. We identified 97 genes preferentially expressed in skeletal muscle and heart, but not in aorta, and found significant enrichment for mitochondrial associations among them. We compared the epigenomic and transcriptomic profiles of the 27 genes associated with striated muscle and mitochondria. Many showed strong correlations between their tissue-specific transcription levels, and their tissue-specific promoter, enhancer, or open chromatin as well as their DNA hypomethylation. Their striated muscle-specific enhancer chromatin was inside, upstream, or downstream of the gene, throughout much of the gene as a super-enhancer (CKMT2, SLC25A4, and ACO2), or even overlapping a neighboring gene (COX6A2, COX7A1, and COQ10A). Surprisingly, the 3' end of the 1.38 Mb PRKN (PARK2) gene (involved in mitophagy and linked to juvenile Parkinson's disease) displayed skeletal muscle/myoblast-specific enhancer chromatin, a myoblast-specific antisense RNA, as well as brain-specific enhancer chromatin. We also found novel tissue-specific RNAs in brain and embryonic stem cells within PPARGC1A (PGC-1α), which encodes a master transcriptional coregulator for mitochondrial formation and metabolism. The tissue specificity of this gene's four alternative promoters, including a muscle-associated promoter, correlated with nearby enhancer chromatin and open chromatin. Our in-depth epigenetic examination of these genes revealed previously undescribed tissue-specific enhancer chromatin, intragenic promoters, regions of DNA hypomethylation, and intragenic noncoding RNAs that give new insights into transcription control for this medically important set of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C. Ehrlich
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (K.C.E.); (H.-W.D.)
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (K.C.E.); (H.-W.D.)
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (K.C.E.); (H.-W.D.)
- Tulane Cancer Center and Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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15
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Liu D, Fan YB, Tao XH, Pan WL, Wu YX, Wang XH, He YQ, Xiao WF, Li YS. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Sarcopenia: Updated Overview of Mechanisms and Interventions. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2016-2030. [PMID: 34881083 PMCID: PMC8612607 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common geriatric disorder characterized by decreased muscle strength, low muscle mass and poor physical performance. This aging-related skeletal muscle deterioration leads to adverse outcomes and severely impairs the quality of life of patients. The accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria with aging is an important factor in the occurrence and progression of sarcopenia. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) fundamentally ensures the normal mitochondrial functions and is comprised of four main parts: proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics and autophagy. Therefore, any pathophysiologic factors compromising the quality control of homeostasis in the skeletal muscle may lead to sarcopenia. However, the specific theoretical aspects of these processes have not been fully elucidated. Current therapeutic interventions using nutritional and pharmaceutical treatments show a modest therapeutic efficacy; however, only physical exercise is recommended as the first-line therapy for sarcopenia, which can ameliorate skeletal muscle deficiency by maintaining the homeostatic MQC. In this review, we summarized the known mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia by impairing normal mitochondrial functions and described potential interventions that mitigate sarcopenia through improving MQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Bin Fan
- 2Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Tao
- 2Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei-Li Pan
- 2Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wu
- 3School of Kinesiology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Wang
- 4Xiang Ya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yu-Qiong He
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,5National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,5National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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16
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Jassim AH, Fan Y, Pappenhagen N, Nsiah NY, Inman DM. Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia Modify Mitochondrial Homeostasis During Glaucoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1341-1357. [PMID: 33736457 PMCID: PMC8817702 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cellular response to hypoxia can include transition from respiration to glycolysis via upregulation of glycolytic enzymes and transporters, as well as mitophagy induction to eliminate surplus mitochondria. Our purpose was to evaluate the impact of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stabilization on mitochondrial homeostasis and oxidative stress in a chronic model of glaucoma. Results: Retina and optic nerve (ON) were evaluated from young and aged DBA/2J (D2) glaucoma model mice and the control strain, the DBA/2-Gpnmb+. Hypoxic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were observed in young and aged D2 retina, with a significant increase in HIF-1α protein in the aged D2 retina. Reactive oxygen species observed in young D2 retina and ON were followed by significant decreases in antioxidant capacity in aged D2 retina and ON. HIF-1α targets such as neuron-specific glucose transporter-3 and lactate dehydrogenase were decreased or unchanged, respectively, in aged D2 retina despite an increased hypoxia response in RGCs. Mitochondrial mass was decreased in aged D2 retina concomitant with decreased mitochondrially encoded electron transport chain transcripts despite a stable nuclear-encoded TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor), suggesting a breakdown in the nuclear-mitochondrial communication. Decreased mitophagy-associated proteins p62 and Rheb were observed in aged D2 retina, although p62 was significantly increased in the aged D2 ON. Innovation and Conclusion: The increased reactive oxygen species concomitant with HIF-1α upregulation despite reduced glucose transporters, mis-match of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded transcripts, and signs of reduced mitophagy suggest that retinas from D2 mice with chronic intraocular pressure elevation transition to pseudohypoxia without consistent metabolic reprogramming before significant RGC loss. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1341-1357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assraa Hassan Jassim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel Pappenhagen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Kent State University School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Nana Yaa Nsiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Denise M. Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Denise M. Inman, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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17
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Pérez-Schindler J, Kohl B, Schneider-Heieck K, Leuchtmann AB, Henríquez-Olguín C, Adak V, Maier G, Delezie J, Sakoparnig T, Vargas-Fernández E, Karrer-Cardel B, Ritz D, Schmidt A, Hondele M, Jensen TE, Hiller S, Handschin C. RNA-bound PGC-1α controls gene expression in liquid-like nuclear condensates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105951118. [PMID: 34465622 PMCID: PMC8433555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105951118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity of cells, tissues, and organs is controlled by the coordinated transcription of biological programs. However, the mechanisms orchestrating such context-specific transcriptional networks mediated by the dynamic interplay of transcription factors and coregulators are poorly understood. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a prototypical master regulator of adaptive transcription in various cell types. We now uncovered a central function of the C-terminal domain of PGC-1α to bind RNAs and assemble multiprotein complexes including proteins that control gene transcription and RNA processing. These interactions are important for PGC-1α recruitment to chromatin in transcriptionally active liquid-like nuclear condensates. Notably, such a compartmentalization of active transcription mediated by liquid-liquid phase separation was observed in mouse and human skeletal muscle, revealing a mechanism by which PGC-1α regulates complex transcriptional networks. These findings provide a broad conceptual framework for context-dependent transcriptional control of phenotypic adaptations in metabolically active tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bastian Kohl
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkan Adak
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Julien Delezie
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Danilo Ritz
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Maria Hondele
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Lelliot CJ, Campbell M, Peddinti G, Martinez-Uña M, Ingvorsen C, Dias AR, Relat J, Mora S, Hyötyläinen T, Zorzano A, Orešič M, Bjursell M, Bohlooly-Y M, Lindén D, Vidal-Puig A. Allostatic hypermetabolic response in PGC1α/β heterozygote mouse despite mitochondrial defects. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21752. [PMID: 34369602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100262rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging, obesity, and insulin resistance are associated with low levels of PGC1α and PGC1β coactivators and defective mitochondrial function. We studied mice deficient for PGC1α and PGC1β [double heterozygous (DH)] to investigate their combined pathogenic contribution. Contrary to our hypothesis, DH mice were leaner, had increased energy dissipation, a pro-thermogenic profile in BAT and WAT, and improved carbohydrate metabolism compared to wild types. WAT showed upregulation of mitochondriogenesis/oxphos machinery upon allelic compensation of PGC1α4 from the remaining allele. However, DH mice had decreased mitochondrial OXPHOS and biogenesis transcriptomes in mitochondria-rich organs. Despite being metabolically healthy, mitochondrial defects in DH mice impaired muscle fiber remodeling and caused qualitative changes in the hepatic lipidome. Our data evidence first the existence of organ-specific compensatory allostatic mechanisms are robust enough to drive an unexpected phenotype. Second, optimization of adipose tissue bioenergetics is sufficient to maintain a healthy metabolic phenotype despite a broad severe mitochondrial dysfunction in other relevant metabolic organs. Third, the decrease in PGC1s in adipose tissue of obese and diabetic patients is in contrast with the robustness of the compensatory upregulation in the adipose of the DH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Campbell
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gopal Peddinti
- VTT, Technical Research Center of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Maite Martinez-Uña
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Rita Dias
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona (UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Mora
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Bjursell
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Lindén
- Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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19
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Butera G, Vecellio Reane D, Canato M, Pietrangelo L, Boncompagni S, Protasi F, Rizzuto R, Reggiani C, Raffaello A. Parvalbumin affects skeletal muscle trophism through modulation of mitochondrial calcium uptake. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109087. [PMID: 33951435 PMCID: PMC8113653 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin (PV) is a cytosolic Ca2+-binding protein highly expressed in fast skeletal muscle, contributing to an increased relaxation rate. Moreover, PV is an “atrogene” downregulated in most muscle atrophy conditions. Here, we exploit mice lacking PV to explore the link between the two PV functions. Surprisingly, PV ablation partially counteracts muscle loss after denervation. Furthermore, acute PV downregulation is accompanied by hypertrophy and upregulation by atrophy. PV ablation has a minor impact on sarcoplasmic reticulum but is associated with increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, mitochondrial size and number, and contacts with Ca2+ release sites. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) silencing abolishes the hypertrophic effect of PV ablation, suggesting that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is required for hypertrophy. In turn, an increase of mitochondrial Ca2+ is required to enhance expression of the pro-hypertrophy gene PGC-1α4, whose silencing blocks hypertrophy due to PV ablation. These results reveal how PV links cytosolic Ca2+ control to mitochondrial adaptations, leading to muscle mass regulation. PV is downregulated during skeletal muscle atrophy, and its levels affect trophism Skeletal muscle mitochondria undergo remodeling in PV knockout mice Mitochondria increase cytosolic Ca2+ buffer capacity in PV knockout skeletal muscles Increased mitochondrial Ca2+ triggers the PGC-1α4 pathway, inducing muscle growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Butera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | | | - Marta Canato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) and DMSI (Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CAST and DNICS (Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) and DMSI (Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy; Myology Center, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy; ZRS, Koper, Slovenia.
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy; Myology Center, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy.
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20
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Selective Activation of CNS and Reference PPARGC1A Promoters Is Associated with Distinct Gene Programs Relevant for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073296. [PMID: 33804860 PMCID: PMC8036390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1A (PGC-1α), encoded by PPARGC1A, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Recently discovered CNS-specific PPARGC1A transcripts are initiated far upstream of the reference promoter, spliced to exon 2 of the reference gene, and are more abundant than reference gene transcripts in post-mortem human brain samples. The proteins translated from the CNS and reference transcripts differ only at their N-terminal regions. To dissect functional differences between CNS-specific isoforms and reference proteins, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) for selective endogenous activation of the CNS or the reference promoters in SH-SY5Y cells. Expression and/or exon usage of the targets was ascertained by RNA sequencing. Compared to controls, more differentially expressed genes were observed after activation of the CNS than the reference gene promoter, while the magnitude of alternative exon usage was comparable between activation of the two promoters. Promoter-selective associations were observed with canonical signaling pathways, mitochondrial and nervous system functions and neurological diseases. The distinct N-terminal as well as the shared downstream regions of PGC-1α isoforms affect the exon usage of numerous genes. Furthermore, associations of risk genes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease were noted with differentially expressed genes resulting from the activation of the CNS and reference gene promoter, respectively. Thus, CNS-specific isoforms markedly amplify the biological functions of PPARGC1A and CNS-specific isoforms and reference proteins have common, complementary and selective functions relevant for neurodegenerative diseases.
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21
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Moberg M, Apró W, Cervenka I, Ekblom B, van Hall G, Holmberg HC, Ruas JL, Blomstrand E. High-intensity leg cycling alters the molecular response to resistance exercise in the arm muscles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6453. [PMID: 33742064 PMCID: PMC7979871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined acute molecular responses to concurrent exercise involving different muscles. Eight men participated in a randomized crossover-trial with two sessions, one where they performed interval cycling followed by upper body resistance exercise (ER-Arm), and one with upper body resistance exercise only (R-Arm). Biopsies were taken from the triceps prior to and immediately, 90- and 180-min following exercise. Immediately after resistance exercise, the elevation in S6K1 activity was smaller and the 4E-BP1:eIF4E interaction greater in ER-Arm, but this acute attenuation disappeared during recovery. The protein synthetic rate in triceps was greater following exercise than at rest, with no difference between trials. The level of PGC-1α1 mRNA increased to greater extent in ER-Arm than R-Arm after 90 min of recovery, as was PGC-1α4 mRNA after both 90 and 180 min. Levels of MuRF-1 mRNA was unchanged in R-Arm, but elevated during recovery in ER-Arm, whereas MAFbx mRNA levels increased slightly in both trials. RNA sequencing in a subgroup of subjects revealed 862 differently expressed genes with ER-Arm versus R-Arm during recovery. These findings suggest that leg cycling prior to arm resistance exercise causes systemic changes that potentiate induction of specific genes in the triceps, without compromising the anabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Moberg
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden. .,The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - William Apró
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Cervenka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Blomstrand
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Kittilsen HT, Goleva-Fjellet S, Freberg BI, Nicolaisen I, Støa EM, Bratland-Sanda S, Helgerud J, Wang E, Sæbø M, Støren Ø. Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups. Front Physiol 2021; 12:636972. [PMID: 33679448 PMCID: PMC7925619 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.636972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of age, gender, baseline strength, and selected candidate polymorphisms on maximal strength training (MST) adaptations. Methods A total of 49 subjects (22 men and 27 women) aged 20–76 years, divided into five age groups, completed an 8 weeks MST intervention. Each MST session consisted of 4 sets with 4 repetitions at ∼85–90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) intensity in leg-press, three times per week. 1RM was tested pre and post the intervention and blood samples were drawn to genotype candidate polymorphisms ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser (rs8192678). Results All age groups increased leg-press 1RM (p < 0.01), with a mean improvement of 24.2 ± 14.0%. There were no differences in improvements between the five age groups or between male and female participants, and there were no non-responders. Baseline strength status did not correlate with 1RM improvements. PPARGC1A rs8192678 T allele carriers had a 15% higher age- and gender corrected baseline 1RM than the CC genotype (p < 0.05). C allele carriers improved 1RM (%) by 34.2% more than homozygotes for the T allele (p < 0.05). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report improvement in leg-press maximal strength regardless of gender, baseline strength status in all age groups. The present study is also first to demonstrate an association between the PPARGC1A rs8192678 and maximal strength and its trainability in a moderately trained cohort. MST may be beneficial for good health and performance of all healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Torvild Kittilsen
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Sannija Goleva-Fjellet
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway.,The Norwegian Biathlon Association, Oslo, Norway.,Top Sports Medical Office, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Iver Nicolaisen
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Støa
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Solfrid Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Jan Helgerud
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Wang
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mona Sæbø
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Øyvind Støren
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
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23
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Role of promoters in regulating alternative splicing. Gene 2021; 782:145523. [PMID: 33667606 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) plays a critical role in enhancing proteome complexity in higher eukaryotes. Almost all the multi intron-containing genes undergo AS in humans. Splicing mainly occurs co-transcriptionally, where RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) plays a crucial role in coordinating transcription and pre-mRNA splicing. Aberrant AS leads to non-functional proteins causative in various pathophysiological conditions such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and muscular dystrophies. Transcription and pre-mRNA splicing are deeply interconnected and can influence each other's functions. Several studies evinced that specific promoters employed by RNA pol II dictate the RNA processing decisions. Promoter-specific recruitment of certain transcriptional factors or transcriptional coactivators influences splicing, and the extent to which these factors affect splicing has not been discussed in detail. Here, in this review, various DNA-binding proteins and their influence on promoter-specific AS are extensively discussed. Besides, this review highlights how the promoter-specific epigenetic changes might regulate AS.
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24
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Musicant AM, Parag-Sharma K, Gong W, Sengupta M, Chatterjee A, Henry EC, Tsai YH, Hayward MC, Sheth S, Betancourt R, Hackman TG, Padilla RJ, Parker JS, Giudice J, Flaveny CA, Hayes DN, Amelio AL. CRTC1/MAML2 directs a PGC-1α-IGF-1 circuit that confers vulnerability to PPARγ inhibition. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108768. [PMID: 33626346 PMCID: PMC7955229 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a life-threatening salivary gland cancer that is driven primarily by a transcriptional coactivator fusion composed of cyclic AMP-regulated transcriptional coactivator 1 (CRTC1) and mastermind-like 2 (MAML2). The mechanisms by which the chimeric CRTC1/MAML2 (C1/M2) oncoprotein rewires gene expression programs that promote tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we show that C1/M2 induces transcriptional activation of the non-canonical peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) splice variant PGC-1α4, which regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-mediated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression. This mitogenic transcriptional circuitry is consistent across cell lines and primary tumors. C1/M2-positive tumors exhibit IGF-1 pathway activation, and small-molecule drug screens reveal that tumor cells harboring the fusion gene are selectively sensitive to IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibition. Furthermore, this dependence on autocrine regulation of IGF-1 transcription renders MEC cells susceptible to PPARγ inhibition with inverse agonists. These results yield insights into the aberrant coregulatory functions of C1/M2 and identify a specific vulnerability that can be exploited for precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele M Musicant
- Graduate Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kshitij Parag-Sharma
- Graduate Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weida Gong
- Bioinformatics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Monideepa Sengupta
- Graduate Curriculum in Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erin C Henry
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, UNC Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Bioinformatics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michele C Hayward
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Genetics Program, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Siddharth Sheth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Renee Betancourt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trevor G Hackman
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo J Padilla
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, UNC Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Genetics Program, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jimena Giudice
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Colin A Flaveny
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David N Hayes
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Genetics Program, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Antonio L Amelio
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, UNC Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Cell Biology Program, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Modifies Lipid Profile, but Not Insulin Sensitivity, of Palmitic Acid-Treated L6 Myotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218382. [PMID: 33171690 PMCID: PMC7664924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a novel stimulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy metabolism. This is the first study investigating regulatory mechanisms and metabolic responses underlying PQQ’s action in palmitate-exposed L6 myotubes. Particularly, we assessed alterations in lipid content and composition, expression of metabolic enzymes, and changes in glucose transport. The experiments were conducted using muscle cells subjected to short (2 h) and prolonged (24 h) incubation with PQQ in a sequence of pre- and post-palmitic acid (PA) exposure. We demonstrated the opposite effects of 2 and 24 h treatments with PQQ on lipid content, i.e., a decline in the level of free fatty acids and triacylglycerols in response to short-time PQQ incubation as compared to increases in diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol levels observed after 24 h. We did not demonstrate a significant impact of PQQ on fatty acid transport. The analysis of metabolic enzyme expression showed that the vast majority of PQQ-dependent alterations cumulated in the PA/PQQ 24 h group, including elevated protein amount of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), phosphorylated 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), citrate synthase (CS), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 1 (SPT1). In conclusion, the results mentioned above indicate PQQ-dependent activation of both fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis in order to adapt cells to palmitic acid-rich medium, although PQQ did not attenuate insulin resistance in muscle cells.
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PGC-1α alternative promoter (Exon 1b) controls augmentation of total PGC-1α gene expression in response to cold water immersion and low glycogen availability. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2487-2493. [PMID: 32840695 PMCID: PMC7560925 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This investigation sought to determine whether post-exercise cold water immersion and low glycogen availability, separately and in combination, would preferentially activate either the Exon 1a or Exon 1b Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) promoter. Through a reanalysis of sample design, we identified that the systemic cold-induced augmentation of total PGC-1α gene expression observed previously (Allan et al. in J Appl Physiol 123(2):451–459, 2017) was largely a result of increased expression from the alternative promoter (Exon 1b), rather than canonical promoter (Exon 1a). Low glycogen availability in combination with local cooling of the muscle (Allan et al. in Physiol Rep 7(11):e14082, 2019) demonstrated that PGC-1α alternative promoter (Exon 1b) expression continued to rise at 3 h post-exercise in all conditions; whilst, expression from the canonical promoter (Exon 1a) decreased between the same time points (post-exercise–3 h post-exercise). Importantly, this increase in PGC-1α Exon 1b expression was reduced compared to the response of low glycogen or cold water immersion alone, suggesting that the combination of prior low glycogen and CWI post-exercise impaired the response in gene expression versus these conditions individually. Data herein emphasise the influence of post-exercise cooling and low glycogen availability on Exon-specific control of total PGC-1 α gene expression and highlight the need for future research to assess Exon-specific regulation of PGC-1α.
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27
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Exercise- and Cold-Induced Human PGC-1α mRNA Isoform Specific Responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165740. [PMID: 32784428 PMCID: PMC7460212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cold exposure in conjunction with aerobic exercise stimulates gene expression of PGC-1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α can be expressed as multiple isoforms due to alternative splicing mechanisms. Among these isoforms is NT-PGC-1α, which produces a truncated form of the PGC-1α protein, as well as isoforms derived from the first exon of the transcript, PGC-1α-a, PGC-1α-b, and PGC-1α-c. Relatively little is known about the individual responses of these isoforms to exercise and environmental temperature. Therefore, we determined the expression of PGC-1α isoforms following an acute bout of cycling in cold (C) and room temperature (RT) conditions. Nine male participants cycled for 1h at 65% Wmax at −2 °C and 20 °C. A muscle biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis before and 3h post-exercise. RT-qPCR was used to analyze gene expression of PGC-1α isoforms. Gene expression of all PGC-1α isoforms increased due to the exercise intervention (p < 0.05). Exercise and cold exposure induced a greater increase in gene expression for total PGC-1α (p = 0.028) and its truncated isoform, NT-PGC-1α (p = 0.034), but there was no temperature-dependent response in the other PGC-1α isoforms measured. It appears that NT-PGC-1α may have a significant contribution to the reported alterations in the exercise- and temperature-induced PGC-1α response.
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28
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Yang Z, Yu Y, Sun N, Zhou L, Zhang D, Chen H, Miao W, Gao W, Zhang C, Liu C, Yang X, Wu X, Gao Y. Ginsenosides Rc, as a novel SIRT6 activator, protects mice against high fat diet induced NAFLD. J Ginseng Res 2020; 47:376-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Martin KS, Azzolini M, Lira Ruas J. The kynurenine connection: how exercise shifts muscle tryptophan metabolism and affects energy homeostasis, the immune system, and the brain. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C818-C830. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00580.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway generates a variety of bioactive metabolites. Physical exercise can modulate kynurenine pathway metabolism in skeletal muscle and thus change the concentrations of select compounds in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how exercise alters tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in muscle and its subsequent local and distal effects. We propose that the effects of kynurenine pathway metabolites on skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, immune system, and the brain suggest that some of these compounds could qualify as exercise-induced myokines. Indeed, some of the more recently discovered biological activities for kynurenines include many of the best-known benefits of exercise: improved energy homeostasis, promotion of an anti-inflammatory environment, and neuroprotection. Finally, by considering the tissue expression of the different membrane and cytosolic receptors for kynurenines, we discuss known and potential biological activities for these tryptophan metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S. Martin
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge Lira Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Rambout X, Cho H, Maquat LE. Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1α Binding to Newly Synthesized RNA via CBP80: A Nexus for Co- and Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 84:47-54. [PMID: 32295928 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2019.84.040212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have many quality-control mechanisms that regulate protein-coding gene expression to ensure proper transcript synthesis, processing, and translation. Should a step in transcript metabolism fail to fulfill requisite spatial, temporal, or structural criteria, including the proper acquisition of RNA-binding proteins, then that step will halt, fail to proceed to the next step, and ultimately result in transcript degradation. Quality-control mechanisms constitute a continuum of processes that initiate in the nucleus and extend to the cytoplasm. Here, we present published and unpublished data for protein-coding genes whose expression is activated by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α. We show that PGC-1α movement from chromatin, to which it is recruited by DNA-binding proteins, to CBP80 at the 5' cap of nascent transcripts begins a series of co- and posttranscriptional quality- and quantity-control steps that, in total, ensure proper gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rambout
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.,Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.,Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Lynne E Maquat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.,Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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31
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PGC-1 α, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: An Integrative View in Metabolism. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1452696. [PMID: 32215168 PMCID: PMC7085407 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1452696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α is a transcriptional coactivator described as a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, including oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species detoxification. PGC-1α is highly expressed in tissues with high energy demands, and it is clearly associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and its principal complications including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic steatosis. We herein review the molecular pathways regulated by PGC-1α, which connect oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolism with inflammatory response and metabolic syndrome. PGC-1α regulates the expression of mitochondrial antioxidant genes, including manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxiredoxin 3 and 5, uncoupling protein 2, thioredoxin 2, and thioredoxin reductase and thus prevents oxidative injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dysregulation of PGC-1α alters redox homeostasis in cells and exacerbates inflammatory response, which is commonly accompanied by metabolic disturbances. During inflammation, low levels of PGC-1α downregulate mitochondrial antioxidant gene expression, induce oxidative stress, and promote nuclear factor kappa B activation. In metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by a chronic low grade of inflammation, PGC-1α dysregulation modifies the metabolic properties of tissues by altering mitochondrial function and promoting reactive oxygen species accumulation. In conclusion, PGC-1α acts as an essential node connecting metabolic regulation, redox control, and inflammatory pathways, and it is an interesting therapeutic target that may have significant benefits for a number of metabolic diseases.
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Léveillé M, Besse-Patin A, Jouvet N, Gunes A, Sczelecki S, Jeromson S, Khan NP, Baldwin C, Dumouchel A, Correia JC, Jannig PR, Boulais J, Ruas JL, Estall JL. PGC-1α isoforms coordinate to balance hepatic metabolism and apoptosis in inflammatory environments. Mol Metab 2020; 34:72-84. [PMID: 32180561 PMCID: PMC7011010 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The liver is regularly exposed to changing metabolic and inflammatory environments. It must sense and adapt to metabolic need while balancing resources required to protect itself from insult. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator expressed as multiple, alternatively spliced variants transcribed from different promoters that coordinate metabolic adaptation and protect against inflammation. It is not known how PGC-1α integrates extracellular signals to balance metabolic and anti-inflammatory outcomes. Methods Primary mouse hepatocytes were used to evaluate the role(s) of different PGC-1α proteins in regulating hepatic metabolism and inflammatory signaling downstream of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Gene expression and signaling analysis were combined with biochemical measurement of apoptosis using gain- and loss-of-function in vitro and in vivo. Results Hepatocytes expressed multiple isoforms of PGC-1α, including PGC-1α4, which microarray analysis showed had common and isoform-specific functions linked to metabolism and inflammation compared with canonical PGC-1α1. Whereas PGC-1α1 primarily impacted gene programs of nutrient metabolism and mitochondrial biology, TNFα signaling showed several pathways related to innate immunity and cell death downstream of PGC-1α4. Gain- and loss-of-function models illustrated that PGC-1α4 uniquely enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic gene programs and attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis in response to TNFα or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This was in contrast to PGC-1α1, which decreased the expression of a wide inflammatory gene network but did not prevent hepatocyte death in response to cytokines. Conclusions PGC-1α variants have distinct, yet complementary roles in hepatic responses to metabolism and inflammation, and we identify PGC-1α4 as an important mitigator of apoptosis. Multiple isoforms of PGC-1α are expressed in hepatocytes, including PGC-1α4. PGC-1α1 and PGC-1α4 share many metabolic targets, but PGC-1α4 has unique functions linked to hepatic inflammatory signalling. PGC-1α4 attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis in response to TNFα and LPS in vitro and in vivo. Inflammatory signaling influences PGC-1α4 localization in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Léveillé
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurèle Besse-Patin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Jouvet
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aysim Gunes
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Sczelecki
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stewart Jeromson
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naveen P Khan
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Baldwin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Dumouchel
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge C Correia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Boulais
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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33
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GSK3β Regulates Brain Energy Metabolism. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1922-1931.e4. [PMID: 29768193 PMCID: PMC6082412 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
GSK3β is a serine threonine kinase implicated in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Although the role of GSK3β in growth and pathology has been extensively studied, little is known about the metabolic consequences of GSK3β manipulation, particularly in the brain. Here, we show that GSK3β regulates mitochondrial energy metabolism in human H4 neuroglioma cells and rat PC12-derived neuronal cells and that inhibition of GSK3β in mice in vivo alters metabolism in the hippocampus in a region-specific manner. We demonstrate that GSK3β inhibition increases mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential and alters NAD(P)H metabolism. These metabolic effects are associated with increased PGC-1α protein stabilization, enhanced nuclear localization, and increased transcriptional co-activation. In mice treated with the GSK3β inhibitor lithium carbonate, changes in hippocampal energy metabolism are linked to increased PGC-1α. These data highlight a metabolic role for brain GSK3β and suggest that the GSK3β/PGC-1α axis may be important in neuronal metabolic integrity.
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34
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Ferreira DMS, Cheng AJ, Agudelo LZ, Cervenka I, Chaillou T, Correia JC, Porsmyr-Palmertz M, Izadi M, Hansson A, Martínez-Redondo V, Valente-Silva P, Pettersson-Klein AT, Estall JL, Robinson MM, Nair KS, Lanner JT, Ruas JL. LIM and cysteine-rich domains 1 (LMCD1) regulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy, calcium handling, and force. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:26. [PMID: 31666122 PMCID: PMC6822430 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle mass and strength are crucial determinants of health. Muscle mass loss is associated with weakness, fatigue, and insulin resistance. In fact, it is predicted that controlling muscle atrophy can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with diseases such as cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. METHODS We analyzed gene expression data from muscle of mice or human patients with diverse muscle pathologies and identified LMCD1 as a gene strongly associated with skeletal muscle function. We transiently expressed or silenced LMCD1 in mouse gastrocnemius muscle or in mouse primary muscle cells and determined muscle/cell size, targeted gene expression, kinase activity with kinase arrays, protein immunoblotting, and protein synthesis levels. To evaluate force, calcium handling, and fatigue, we transduced the flexor digitorum brevis muscle with a LMCD1-expressing adenovirus and measured specific force and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in individual fibers. Finally, to explore the relationship between LMCD1 and calcineurin, we ectopically expressed Lmcd1 in the gastrocnemius muscle and treated those mice with cyclosporine A (calcineurin inhibitor). In addition, we used a luciferase reporter construct containing the myoregulin gene promoter to confirm the role of a LMCD1-calcineurin-myoregulin axis in skeletal muscle mass control and calcium handling. RESULTS Here, we identify LIM and cysteine-rich domains 1 (LMCD1) as a positive regulator of muscle mass, that increases muscle protein synthesis and fiber size. LMCD1 expression in vivo was sufficient to increase specific force with lower requirement for calcium handling and to reduce muscle fatigue. Conversely, silencing LMCD1 expression impairs calcium handling and force, and induces muscle fatigue without overt atrophy. The actions of LMCD1 were dependent on calcineurin, as its inhibition using cyclosporine A reverted the observed hypertrophic phenotype. Finally, we determined that LMCD1 represses the expression of myoregulin, a known negative regulator of muscle performance. Interestingly, we observed that skeletal muscle LMCD1 expression is reduced in patients with skeletal muscle disease. CONCLUSIONS Our gain- and loss-of-function studies show that LMCD1 controls protein synthesis, muscle fiber size, specific force, Ca2+ handling, and fatigue resistance. This work uncovers a novel role for LMCD1 in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte M S Ferreira
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arthur J Cheng
- Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Present Address: Faculty of Health, York University, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leandro Z Agudelo
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Present Address: Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Igor Cervenka
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Chaillou
- Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jorge C Correia
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Porsmyr-Palmertz
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manizheh Izadi
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Present Address: Karp Research Building, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alicia Hansson
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicente Martínez-Redondo
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Valente-Silva
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda T Pettersson-Klein
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Division of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Miller KN, Clark JP, Martin SA, Howell PR, Burhans MS, Haws SA, Johnson NB, Rhoads TW, Pavelec DM, Eliceiri KW, Roopra AS, Ntambi JM, Denu JM, Parks BW, Anderson RM. PGC-1a integrates a metabolism and growth network linked to caloric restriction. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12999. [PMID: 31267675 PMCID: PMC6718593 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleterious changes in energy metabolism have been linked to aging and disease vulnerability, while activation of mitochondrial pathways has been linked to delayed aging by caloric restriction (CR). The basis for these associations is poorly understood, and the scope of impact of mitochondrial activation on cellular function has yet to be defined. Here, we show that mitochondrial regulator PGC-1a is induced by CR in multiple tissues, and at the cellular level, CR-like activation of PGC-1a impacts a network that integrates mitochondrial status with metabolism and growth parameters. Transcriptional profiling reveals that diverse functions, including immune pathways, growth, structure, and macromolecule homeostasis, are responsive to PGC-1a. Mechanistically, these changes in gene expression were linked to chromatin remodeling and RNA processing. Metabolic changes implicated in the transcriptional data were confirmed functionally including shifts in NAD metabolism, lipid metabolism, and membrane lipid composition. Delayed cellular proliferation, altered cytoskeleton, and attenuated growth signaling through post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms were also identified as outcomes of PGC-1a-directed mitochondrial activation. Furthermore, in vivo in tissues from a genetically heterogeneous mouse population, endogenous PGC-1a expression was correlated with this same metabolism and growth network. These data show that small changes in metabolism have broad consequences that arguably would profoundly alter cell function. We suggest that this PGC-1a sensitive network may be the basis for the association between mitochondrial function and aging where small deficiencies precipitate loss of function across a spectrum of cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl N. Miller
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Josef P. Clark
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Stephen A. Martin
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Porsha R. Howell
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Maggie S. Burhans
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Spencer A. Haws
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Nathan B. Johnson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Timothy W Rhoads
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Derek M. Pavelec
- Biotechnology Center University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Avtar S. Roopra
- Department of Neuroscience University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - James M. Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - John M. Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Brian W. Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Rozalyn M. Anderson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine SMPH, University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison Wisconsin USA
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36
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Scholpa NE, Simmons EC, Tilley DG, Schnellmann RG. β 2-adrenergic receptor-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis improves skeletal muscle recovery following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 322:113064. [PMID: 31525347 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to local spinal cord dysfunction, spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity and muscle atrophy. Treatment with the FDA-approved β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) agonist formoterol has been shown to induce mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) in both the spinal cord and skeletal muscle and, therefore, has the potential to address comprehensive mitochondrial and organ dysfunction following SCI. Female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to moderate contusion SCI (80 Kdyn) followed by daily administration of vehicle or formoterol beginning 8 h after injury, a clinically relevant time-point characterized by a 50% decrease in mtDNA content in the injury site. As measured by the Basso Mouse Scale, formoterol treatment improved locomotor recovery in SCI mice compared to vehicle treatment by 7 DPI, with continued recovery observed through 21 DPI (3.5 v. 2). SCI resulted in 15% body weight loss in all mice by 3 DPI. Mice treated with formoterol returned to pre-surgery weight by 13 DPI, while no weight gain occurred in vehicle-treated SCI mice. Remarkably, formoterol-treated mice exhibited a 30% increase in skeletal muscle mass compared to those treated with vehicle 21 DPI (0.93 v. 0.72% BW), corresponding with increased MB and decreased skeletal muscle atrophy. These effects were not observed in ADRB2 knockout mice subjected to SCI, indicating that formoterol is acting via the ADRB2 receptor. Furthermore, knockout mice exhibited decreased basal spinal cord and skeletal muscle PGC-1α expression, suggesting that ADRB2 may play a role in mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological conditions. These data provide evidence for systemic ADRB2-mediated MB as a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Scholpa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
| | - Epiphani C Simmons
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
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37
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Soyal SM, Bonova P, Kwik M, Zara G, Auer S, Scharler C, Strunk D, Nofziger C, Paulmichl M, Patsch W. The Expression of CNS-Specific PPARGC1A Transcripts Is Regulated by Hypoxia and a Variable GT Repeat Polymorphism. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:752-764. [PMID: 31471878 PMCID: PMC7031416 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PPARGC1A encodes a transcriptional co-activator also termed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) which orchestrates multiple transcriptional programs. We have recently identified CNS-specific transcripts that are initiated far upstream of the reference gene (RG) promoter. The regulation of these isoforms may be relevant, as experimental and genetic studies implicated the PPARGC1A locus in neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore studied cis- and trans-regulatory elements activating the CNS promoter in comparison to the RG promoter in human neuronal cell lines. A naturally occurring variable guanidine thymidine (GT) repeat polymorphism within a microsatellite region in the proximal CNS promoter increases promoter activity in neuronal cell lines. Both the RG and the CNS promoters are activated by ESRRA, and the PGC-1α isoforms co-activate ESRRA on their own promoters suggesting an autoregulatory feedback loop. The proximal CNS, but not the RG, promoter is induced by FOXA2 and co-activated by PGC-1α resulting in robust activation. Furthermore, the CNS, but not the RG, promoter is targeted by the canonical hypoxia response involving HIF1A. Importantly, the transactivation by HIF1A is modulated by the size of the GT polymorphism. Increased expression of CNS-specific transcripts in response to hypoxia was observed in an established rat model, while RG transcripts encoding the full-length reference protein were not increased. These results suggest a role of the CNS region of the PPARGC1A locus in ischemia and warrant further studies in humans as the activity of the CNS promoter as well as its induction by hypoxia is subject to inter-individual variability due to the GT polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma M Soyal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Petra Bonova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Markus Kwik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Greta Zara
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simon Auer
- Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Markus Paulmichl
- PharmGenetix GmbH, Niederalm, 5081, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Personalized Medicine, Humanomed, 9020, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Patsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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38
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Ng SY, Mikhail A, Ljubicic V. Mechanisms of exercise-induced survival motor neuron expression in the skeletal muscle of spinal muscular atrophy-like mice. J Physiol 2019; 597:4757-4778. [PMID: 31361024 PMCID: PMC6767691 DOI: 10.1113/jp278454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a health‐ and life‐limiting neuromuscular disorder caused by a deficiency in survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. While historically considered a motor neuron disease, current understanding of SMA emphasizes its systemic nature, which requires addressing affected peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle in particular. Chronic physical activity is beneficial for SMA patients, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of exercise biology are largely undefined in SMA. After a single bout of exercise, canonical responses such as skeletal muscle AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) activation were preserved in SMA‐like Smn2B/− animals. Furthermore, molecules involved in SMN transcription were also altered following physical activity. Collectively, these changes were coincident with an increase in full‐length SMN transcription and corrective SMN pre‐mRNA splicing. This study advances understanding of the exercise biology of SMA and highlights the AMPK–p38–PGC‐1α axis as a potential regulator of SMN expression in muscle.
Abstract Chronic physical activity is safe and effective in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients, but the underlying cellular events that drive physiological adaptations are undefined. We examined the effects of a single bout of exercise on molecular mechanisms associated with adaptive remodelling in the skeletal muscle of Smn2B/− SMA‐like mice. Skeletal muscles were collected from healthy Smn2B/+ mice and Smn2B/− littermates at pre‐ (postnatal day (P) 9), early‐ (P13) and late‐ (P21) symptomatic stages to characterize SMA disease progression. Muscles were also collected from Smn2B/− animals exercised to fatigue on a motorized treadmill. Intracellular signalling and gene expression were examined using western blotting, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, real‐time quantitative PCR and endpoint PCR assays. Basal skeletal muscle AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38) expression and activity were not affected by SMA‐like conditions. Canonical exercise responses such as AMPK, p38 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) activation were observed following a bout of exercise in Smn2B/− animals. Furthermore, molecules involved in survival motor neuron (SMN) transcription, including protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK)/ETS‐like gene 1 (ELK1), were altered following physical activity. Acute exercise was also able to mitigate aberrant proteolytic signalling in the skeletal muscle of Smn2B/− mice. Collectively, these changes were coincident with an exercise‐evoked increase in full‐length SMN mRNA expression. This study advances our understanding of the exercise biology of SMA and highlights the AMPK–p38–PGC‐1α axis as a potential regulator of SMN expression alongside AKT and ERK/ELK1 signalling. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a health‐ and life‐limiting neuromuscular disorder caused by a deficiency in survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. While historically considered a motor neuron disease, current understanding of SMA emphasizes its systemic nature, which requires addressing affected peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle in particular. Chronic physical activity is beneficial for SMA patients, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of exercise biology are largely undefined in SMA. After a single bout of exercise, canonical responses such as skeletal muscle AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) activation were preserved in SMA‐like Smn2B/− animals. Furthermore, molecules involved in SMN transcription were also altered following physical activity. Collectively, these changes were coincident with an increase in full‐length SMN transcription and corrective SMN pre‐mRNA splicing. This study advances understanding of the exercise biology of SMA and highlights the AMPK–p38–PGC‐1α axis as a potential regulator of SMN expression in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Y Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Mikhail
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Liu C, Gidlund EK, Witasp A, Qureshi AR, Söderberg M, Thorell A, Nader GA, Barany P, Stenvinkel P, von Walden F. Reduced skeletal muscle expression of mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and MOTS-C and Nrf2 in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1122-F1131. [PMID: 31432706 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00202.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a premature aging phenotype of multifactorial origin. Mitochondrial dysfunction is prevalent in CKD and has been proposed as a major contributor to poor muscle function. Although the mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) humanin and mitochondrial open reading frame of 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) are involved in cell survival, suppression of apoptosis, and glucose control, the implications of MDP in CKD are unknown. We investigated humanin and MOTS-c protein expression in skeletal muscle and serum levels in CKD at stage 5 (glomerular filtration rate: <15 ml/min) patients and age-matched controls with normal renal function. Whereas circulating levels of humanin were increased in CKD, local muscle expression was reduced. In contrast, MOTS-c levels were reduced in both skeletal muscle and serum in CKD. Humanin in serum correlated positively to circulating TNF levels. Reduced MDP levels in skeletal muscle were associated with lower mitochondrial density and evidence of oxidative stress. These results indicate a differential regulation of MDPs in CKD and suggest an alternative site for humanin production than skeletal muscle in the uremic milieu. MDP levels were linked to systemic inflammation and evidence of oxidative stress in the muscle, two hallmark features of premature aging and uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva-Karin Gidlund
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Söderberg
- Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Barany
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Role of PGC-1α in Mitochondrial Quality Control in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2031-2043. [PMID: 31410709 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As one of the major cell organelles responsible for ATP production, it is important that neurons maintain mitochondria with structural and functional integrity; this is especially true for neurons with high metabolic requirements. When mitochondrial damage occurs, mitochondria are able to maintain a steady state of functioning through molecular and organellar quality control, thus ensuring neuronal function. And when mitochondrial quality control (MQC) fails, mitochondria mediate apoptosis. An apparently key molecule in MQC is the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Recent findings have demonstrated that upregulation of PGC-1α expression in neurons can modulate MQC to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in certain in vivo and in vitro aging or neurodegenerative encephalopathy models, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Because mitochondrial function and quality control disorders are the basis of pathogenesis in almost all neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), the role of PGC-1α may make it a viable entry point for the treatment of such diseases. This review focuses on multi-level MQC in neurons, as well as the regulation of MQC by PGC-1α in these major NDDs.
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De Vitto H, Bode AM, Dong Z. The PGC-1/ERR network and its role in precision oncology. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:9. [PMID: 30911677 PMCID: PMC6428848 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators include a superfamily of nuclear proteins referred to as co-activators and co-repressors, both of which are involved in controlling the functions of several nuclear receptors (NRs). The Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) has cataloged the composition of NRs, co-regulators, and ligands present in the human cell and their effort has been identified in more than 600 potential molecules. Given the importance of co-regulators in steroid, retinoid, and thyroid hormone signaling networks, hypothesizing that NRs/co-regulators are implicated in a wide range of pathologies are tempting. The co-activators known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1) and their key nuclear partner, the estrogen-related receptor (ERR), are emerging as pivotal transcriptional signatures that regulate an extremely broad repertoire of mitochondrial and metabolic genes, making them very attractive drug targets for cancer. Several studies have provided an increased understanding of the functional and structural biology of nuclear complexes. However, more comprehensive work is needed to create different avenues to explore the therapeutic potential of NRs/co-activators in precision oncology. Here, we discuss the emerging data associated with the structure, function, and molecular biology of the PGC-1/ERR network and address how the concepts evolving from these studies have deepened our understanding of how to develop more effective treatment strategies. We present an overview that underscores new biological insights into PGC-1/ERR to improve cancer outcomes against therapeutic resistance. Finally, we discuss the importance of exploiting new technologies such as single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to develop a high-resolution biological structure of PGC-1/ERR, focusing on novel drug discovery for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto De Vitto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, Austin, NE 55912 USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, Austin, NE 55912 USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, Austin, NE 55912 USA
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Manta A, Stouth DW, Xhuti D, Chi L, Rebalka IA, Kalmar JM, Hawke TJ, Ljubicic V. Chronic exercise mitigates disease mechanisms and improves muscle function in myotonic dystrophy type 1 mice. J Physiol 2019; 597:1361-1381. [PMID: 30628727 DOI: 10.1113/jp277123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the second most common muscular dystrophy and most prevalent adult form of muscular dystrophy, is characterized by muscle weakness, wasting and myotonia. A microsatellite repeat expansion mutation results in RNA toxicity and dysregulation of mRNA processing, which are the primary downstream causes of the disorder. Recent studies with DM1 participants demonstrate that exercise is safe, enjoyable and elicits benefits in muscle strength and function; however, the molecular mechanisms of exercise adaptation in DM1 are undefined. Our results demonstrate that 7 weeks of volitional running wheel exercise in a pre-clinical DM1 mouse model resulted in significantly improved motor performance, muscle strength and endurance, as well as reduced myotonia. At the cellular level, chronic physical activity attenuated RNA toxicity, liberated Muscleblind-like 1 protein from myonuclear foci and improved mRNA alternative splicing. ABSTRACT Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a trinucleotide repeat expansion neuromuscular disorder that is most prominently characterized by skeletal muscle weakness, wasting and myotonia. Chronic physical activity is safe and satisfying, and can elicit functional benefits such as improved strength and endurance in DM1 patients, but the underlying cellular basis of exercise adaptation is undefined. Our purpose was to examine the mechanisms of exercise biology in DM1. Healthy, sedentary wild-type (SED-WT) mice, as well as sedentary human skeletal actin-long repeat animals, a murine model of DM1 myopathy (SED-DM1), and DM1 mice with volitional access to a running wheel for 7 weeks (EX-DM1), were utilized. Chronic exercise augmented strength and endurance in vivo and in situ in DM1 mice. These alterations coincided with normalized measures of myopathy, as well as increased mitochondrial content. Electromyography revealed a 70-85% decrease in the duration of myotonic discharges in muscles from EX-DM1 compared to SED-DM1 animals. The exercise-induced enhancements in muscle function corresponded at the molecular level with mitigated spliceopathy, specifically the processing of bridging integrator 1 and muscle-specific chloride channel (CLC-1) transcripts. CLC-1 protein content and sarcolemmal expression were lower in SED-DM1 versus SED-WT animals, but they were similar between SED-WT and EX-DM1 groups. Chronic exercise also attenuated RNA toxicity, as indicated by reduced (CUG)n foci-positive myonuclei and sequestered Muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1). Our data indicate that chronic exercise-induced physiological improvements in DM1 occur in concert with mitigated primary downstream disease mechanisms, including RNA toxicity, MBNL1 loss-of-function, and alternative mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Manta
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Derek W Stouth
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Donald Xhuti
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Leon Chi
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Jayne M Kalmar
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
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Soyal SM, Zara G, Ferger B, Felder TK, Kwik M, Nofziger C, Dossena S, Schwienbacher C, Hicks AA, Pramstaller PP, Paulmichl M, Weis S, Patsch W. The PPARGC1A locus and CNS-specific PGC-1α isoforms are associated with Parkinson's Disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 121:34-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Picca A, Calvani R, Leeuwenburgh C, Coelho-Junior HJ, Bernabei R, Landi F, Marzetti E. Targeting mitochondrial quality control for treating sarcopenia: lessons from physical exercise. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 23:153-160. [PMID: 30580640 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1559827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging and hence is a candidate target for intervention. Sarcopenia of aging is a prevalent condition and is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. Alterations in mitochondrial homeostasis have been reported in sarcopenic muscle. Area covered: We discuss the evidence that points to mitochondrial dysfunction having a causative role in sarcopenia and the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria in the aged muscle. We also discuss the effects of physical exercise on mitochondrial quality control and muscle health in advanced age. Expert opinion: In the aged muscle, the mitochondrial quality control axis is altered at several levels, including proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction arising from impaired quality control is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Physical exercise is the most effective strategy for the management of sarcopenia. Improvements in mitochondrial health and plasticity may mediate several beneficial effects of exercise in muscle. A greater understanding of the molecular changes that occur in the aged muscle following exercise and how they impact mitochondrial homeostasis is necessary for the exploration of potential targets that are amenable for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- a Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics , Rome , Italy.,b Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- a Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics , Rome , Italy.,b Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- c Department of Aging and Geriatric Research , Institute on Aging, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- a Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics , Rome , Italy.,d Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA , School of Physical Education, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- a Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics , Rome , Italy.,b Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- a Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics , Rome , Italy.,b Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- b Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS , Rome , Italy
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Chikazawa M, Sato R. Identification of Functional Food Factors as β 2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists and Their Potential Roles in Skeletal Muscle. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:68-74. [PMID: 29491275 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining skeletal muscle functions by controlling muscle metabolism is of utmost importance. β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), which is expressed in skeletal muscle, is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family that plays a critical role in the maintenance of muscle mass. In the present study, using luciferase reporter assays in β2-AR-expressing HEK293 cells, we discovered several food factors that exhibited agonistic activity at mouse or human β2-AR. Osthole, gramine, and hordenine were identified as both mouse and human β2-AR agonists, whereas berberine was identified as a mouse β2-AR agonist only. Additionally, intramuscular injection of gramine or hordenine in mice facilitated gene expression of several cAMP response element binding protein targets, which is thought to result in increased skeletal muscle protein synthesis. This study provides evidence that several food factors might exert potential health effects on skeletal muscle by enhancing cAMP signaling through the activation of β2-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Chikazawa
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo.,Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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Schuliga M, Pechkovsky DV, Read J, Waters DW, Blokland KEC, Reid AT, Hogaboam CM, Khalil N, Burgess JK, Prêle CM, Mutsaers SE, Jaffar J, Westall G, Grainge C, Knight DA. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the senescent phenotype of IPF lung fibroblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5847-5861. [PMID: 30255990 PMCID: PMC6237609 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights that senescence plays an important role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study delineates the specific contribution of mitochondria and the superoxide they form to the senescent phenotype of lung fibroblasts from IPF patients (IPF‐LFs). Primary cultures of IPF‐LFs exhibited an intensified DNA damage response (DDR) and were more senescent than age‐matched fibroblasts from control donors (Ctrl‐LFs). Furthermore, IPF‐LFs exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, exemplified by increases in mitochondrial superoxide, DNA, stress and activation of mTORC1. The DNA damaging agent etoposide elicited a DDR and augmented senescence in Ctrl‐LFs, which were accompanied by disturbances in mitochondrial homoeostasis including heightened superoxide production. However, etoposide had no effect on IPF‐LFs. Mitochondrial perturbation by rotenone involving sharp increases in superoxide production also evoked a DDR and senescence in Ctrl‐LFs, but not IPF‐LFs. Inhibition of mTORC1, antioxidant treatment and a mitochondrial targeting antioxidant decelerated IPF‐LF senescence and/or attenuated pharmacologically induced Ctrl‐LF senescence. In conclusion, increased superoxide production by dysfunctional mitochondria reinforces lung fibroblast senescence via prolongation of the DDR. As part of an auto‐amplifying loop, mTORC1 is activated, altering mitochondrial homoeostasis and increasing superoxide production. Deeper understanding the mechanisms by which mitochondria contribute to fibroblast senescence in IPF has potentially important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schuliga
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dmitri V Pechkovsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jane Read
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David W Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaj E C Blokland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD and KOLFF Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nasreen Khalil
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD and KOLFF Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jade Jaffar
- Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glen Westall
- Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Grainge
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Popov DV. Adaptation of Skeletal Muscles to Contractile Activity of Varying Duration and Intensity: The Role of PGC-1α. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:613-628. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918060019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Dial AG, Ng SY, Manta A, Ljubicic V. The Role of AMPK in Neuromuscular Biology and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:300-312. [PMID: 29572064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a primary regulator of cellular metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that AMPK also mediates the maintenance and plasticity of α-motoneurons, the neuromuscular junction, and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, AMPK stimulation by either genetic, pharmacological, or physiological approaches elicits beneficial phenotypic remodeling in neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Here, we review the role of AMPK as a governor of neuromuscular biology, and present evidence for AMPK as an effective molecular target for therapeutic pursuit in the context of the most prevalent NMDs, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, and myotonic dystrophy type 1. This information may be useful for engineering AMPK-targeted pharmacological- or lifestyle-based strategies to treat disorders of the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athan G Dial
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Y Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Manta
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α contains a novel CBP80-binding motif that orchestrates efficient target gene expression. Genes Dev 2018; 32:555-567. [PMID: 29654059 PMCID: PMC5959238 DOI: 10.1101/gad.309773.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Cho et al. investigated how PGC-1α, a transcriptional coactivator, functions in the metabolic adaptation of mammalian cells to diverse physiological stresses. They used in vitro binding assays, X-ray crystallography, and immunoprecipitations of mouse myoblast cell lysates to define a previously unknown cap-binding protein 80 (CBP80)-binding motif (CBM) in the C terminus of PGC-1α, thus providing insight into a novel cap-binding protein surveillance mechanism. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a well-established transcriptional coactivator for the metabolic adaptation of mammalian cells to diverse physiological stresses, the molecular mechanism by which it functions is incompletely understood. Here we used in vitro binding assays, X-ray crystallography, and immunoprecipitations of mouse myoblast cell lysates to define a previously unknown cap-binding protein 80 (CBP80)-binding motif (CBM) in the C terminus of PGC-1α. We show that the CBM, which consists of a nine-amino-acid α helix, is critical for the association of PGC-1α with CBP80 at the 5′ cap of target transcripts. Results from RNA sequencing demonstrate that the PGC-1α CBM promotes RNA synthesis from promyogenic genes. Our findings reveal a new conduit between DNA-associated and RNA-associated proteins that functions in a cap-binding protein surveillance mechanism, without which efficient differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes fails to occur.
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