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Liu H, Xiao H, Lin S, Zhou H, Cheng Y, Xie B, Xu D. Effect of gut hormones on bone metabolism and their possible mechanisms in the treatment of osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372399. [PMID: 38725663 PMCID: PMC11079205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly dynamic organ that changes with the daily circadian rhythm. During the day, bone resorption is suppressed due to eating, while it increases at night. This circadian rhythm of the skeleton is regulated by gut hormones. Until now, gut hormones that have been found to affect skeletal homeostasis include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and peptide YY (PYY), which exerts its effects by binding to its cognate receptors (GLP-1R, GLP-2R, GIPR, and Y1R). Several studies have shown that GLP-1, GLP-2, and GIP all inhibit bone resorption, while GIP also promotes bone formation. Notably, PYY has a strong bone resorption-promoting effect. In addition, gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis. This review outlines the roles of GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, and PYY in bone metabolism and discusses the roles of gut hormones and the GM in regulating bone homeostasis and their potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Sufen Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yizhao Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Baocheng Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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2
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Xiao Y, Han C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Bao R, Li Y, Chen H, Hu B, Liu S. Interoceptive regulation of skeletal tissue homeostasis and repair. Bone Res 2023; 11:48. [PMID: 37669953 PMCID: PMC10480189 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have determined that the nervous system can sense and respond to signals from skeletal tissue, a process known as skeletal interoception, which is crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis. The hypothalamus, located in the central nervous system (CNS), plays a key role in processing interoceptive signals and regulating bone homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system, neuropeptide release, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. These mechanisms control the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts (OBs), the activation of osteoclasts (OCs), and the functional activities of bone cells. Sensory nerves extensively innervate skeletal tissues, facilitating the transmission of interoceptive signals to the CNS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the generation and coordination of skeletal interoceptive signals by the CNS to maintain bone homeostasis and their potential role in pathological conditions. The findings expand our understanding of intersystem communication in bone biology and may have implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Changhao Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Xinshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Rong Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yuange Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China.
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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3
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Assefa F. The role of sensory and sympathetic nerves in craniofacial bone regeneration. Neuropeptides 2023; 99:102328. [PMID: 36827755 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors regulate the regeneration of craniofacial bone defects. The nervous system is recognized as one of the critical regulators of bone mass, thereby suggesting a role for neuronal pathways in bone regeneration. However, in the context of craniofacial bone regeneration, little is known about the interplay between the nervous system and craniofacial bone. Sensory and sympathetic nerves interact with the bone through their neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, proteins, peptides, and amino acid derivates. The neuron-derived factors, such as semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), possess a remarkable role in craniofacial regeneration. This review summarizes the roles of these factors and recently published factors such as secretoneurin (SN) and spexin (SPX) in the osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, bone metabolism, growth, remodeling and discusses the novel application of nerve-based craniofacial bone regeneration. Moreover, the review will facilitate understanding the mechanism of action and provide potential treatment direction for the craniofacial bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freshet Assefa
- Department of Biochemistry, Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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4
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Zahedi B, Daley EJ, Brooks DJ, Bruce M, Townsend RL, Berthoud HR, Bouxsein ML, Yu EW. The PYY/Y2R-deficient male mouse is not protected from bone loss due to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Bone 2023; 167:116608. [PMID: 36368466 PMCID: PMC10064867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide YY (PYY) is an anorexigenic gut hormone that also has anti-osteogenic effects, inhibiting osteoblastic activity and inducing catabolic effects. It has been postulated that increases in PYY after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) contribute to declines in bone mineral density (BMD) and increases in bone turnover. The aim of this study is to determine the role of the PYY Y2-receptor in mediating bone loss post-RYGB in mice. METHODS We compared adult male wildtype (WT) and PYY Y2 receptor-deficient (KO) C57BL/6 mice that received RYGB (WT: n = 8; KO: n = 9), with sham-operated mice (Sham; WT: n = 9; KO: n = 10) and mice that were food-restricted to match the weights of the RYGB-treated group (Weight-Matched, WM; WT: n = 7; KO: n = 5). RYGB or sham surgery was performed at 15-16 weeks of age, and mice sacrificed 21 weeks later. We characterized bone microarchitecture with micro-computed tomography (μCT) at the distal femur (trabecular) and femoral midshaft (cortical). Differences in body weight, bone microarchitecture and biochemical bone markers (parathyroid hormone, PTH; C-telopeptide, CTX; and type 1 procollagen, P1NP) were compared using 2-factor ANOVA with Tukey's adjustments for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Body weights were similar in the WT-RYGB, WT-WM, KO-RYGB, and KO-WM: 41-44 g; these groups weighed significantly less than the Sham surgery groups: 55-57 g. Trabecular BMD was 31-43 % lower in RYGB mice than either Sham or WM in WT and KO groups. This deficiency in trabecular bone was accompanied by a lower trabecular number (19 %-23 %), thickness (22 %-30 %) and increased trabecular spacing (25 %-34 %) in WT and KO groups (p < 0.001 for all comparisons vs. RYGB). RYGB led to lower cortical thickness, cortical tissue mineral density, and cortical bone area fraction as compared to Sham and WM in WT and KO groups (p ≤ 0.004 for all). There were no interactions between genotype and bone microarchitecture, with patterns of response to RYGB similar in both WT and KO groups. CTX and P1NP were significantly higher in RYGB mice than WM in WT and KO groups. PTH did not differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS RYGB induced greater trabecular and cortical deficits and high bone turnover than observed in weight-matched mice, with a similar pattern in the WT and Y2RKO mice. Thus, skeletal effects of RYGB are independent of weight loss, and furthermore, PYY signaling through Y2R is not a key mediator of bone loss post-RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Zahedi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America.
| | - Eileen J Daley
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Michael Bruce
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - R Leigh Townsend
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Elaine W Yu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
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5
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Kang X, Ma X, Li H, Jin X, Gao X, Feng D, Wu S. Neuropeptide Y Promotes mTORC1 to Regulate Chondrocyte Proliferation and Hypertrophy. Endocrinology 2023; 164:6967060. [PMID: 36592126 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been reported to regulate bone metabolism and homeostasis; however, its potential roles in growth plate chondrogenesis remain unclear. Here, we found that NPY expression decreased during chondrocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo. NPY was required for chondrocyte proliferation; in contrast, knockdown of NPY facilitated chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation. Administration of recombinant NPY in rat chondrocytes and metatarsal bones uncoupled normal proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation during chondrogenesis and thereby inhibited growth plate chondrogenesis and longitudinal bone growth. Remarkably, NPY activated the mTORC1 pathway in chondrocytes, whereas attenuation of mTORC1 activity by administration of rapamycin in vitro partially abrogated NPY-mediated effects on chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation. In addition, a combination of Y2R antagonist but not Y1R antagonist with NPY abolished NPY-mediated inhibition of metatarsal growth and growth plate chondrogenesis. Mechanistically, NPY activated Erk1/2 by NPY2R, then phosphorylated ERK1/2 activated mTORC1 to initiate PTHrP expression, which in turn promoted chondrocyte proliferation and inhibited chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation. In conclusion, our data identified NPY as a crucial regulator of chondrogenesis and may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Huixia Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dongxu Feng
- Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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Liu S, Chen T, Wang R, Huang H, Fu S, Zhao Y, Wang S, Wan L. Exploring the effect of the "quaternary regulation" theory of "peripheral nerve-angiogenesis-osteoclast-osteogenesis" on osteoporosis based on neuropeptides. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:908043. [PMID: 35983518 PMCID: PMC9379541 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.908043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease among the middle-aged and elderly, with its high incidence rate and a major cause of disability and mortality. Early studies found that bone metabolic homeostasis is achieved through osteogenesis-osteoclast coupling. Although current anti-osteoporosis drugs can attenuate bone loss caused by aging, they present specific side effects. With the discovery of CD31hi Emcnhi blood vessels in 2014, the effect of H-type blood vessels on bone metabolism has been valued by researchers, and the ternary regulation theory of bone metabolism of "Angiogenesis-Osteoclast-Osteogenesis" has also been recognized. Nowadays, more studies have confirmed that peripheral nerves substantially impact bone metabolism. However, due to the complex function of peripheral nerves, the crosstalk mechanism of "Peripheral nerve-Angiogenesis-Osteoclast-Osteogenesis" has not yet been fully revealed. Neuropeptide serves as signaling molecules secreted by peripheral nerves that regulate blood vessels, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts' functions. It is likely to be the breakthrough point of the quaternary regulation theory of "Peripheral nerve-Angiogenesis-Osteoclast-Osteogenesis". Here, we discuss the effect of peripheral nerves on osteoporosis based on neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongying Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxing Huang
- Department of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai Fu
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wan,
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7
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Chen QC, Zhang Y. The Role of NPY in the Regulation of Bone Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:833485. [PMID: 35273572 PMCID: PMC8902412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.833485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases are the leading causes of disability and severely compromised quality of life. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a multifunctional neuropeptide that participates in various physiological and pathological processes and exists in both the nerve system and bone tissue. In bone tissue, it actively participates in bone metabolism and disease progression through its receptors. Previous studies have focused on the opposite effects of NPY on bone formation and resorption through paracrine modes. In this review, we present a brief overview of the progress made in this research field in recent times in order to provide reference for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of bone physiology and pathological metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang,
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Tucci M, Wilson GA, McGuire R, Benghuzzi HA. The Effects of NPY1 Receptor Antagonism on Intervertebral Disc and Bone Changes in Ovariectomized Rats. Global Spine J 2021; 11:1166-1175. [PMID: 32748636 PMCID: PMC8453679 DOI: 10.1177/2192568220939908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Basic science. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist (NPY-1RA) to estrogen on maintaining vertebral bone microarchitecture and disc height in a rat model of menopause. METHODS This study was an institutional animal care approved randomized control study with 104 ovariectomized rats and 32 intact control animals. Comparison of disc height, trabecular bone, body weights, circulating levels of NPY and estrogen, and distribution of Y1 receptors in the intervertebral disc in an established rodent osteoporotic model were made at baseline and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks after receiving either an implant containing estrogen or an antagonist to the neuropeptide Y1 receptor. Data was compared statistically using One-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Circulating levels of estrogen increased and NPY decreased following estrogen replacement, with values comparable to ovary-intact animals. NPY-1RA-treated animals had low estrogen and high NPY circulating levels and were similar to ovariectomized control rats. Both NPY-1RA and estrogen administration were able reduce, menopause associated weight gain. NPY-1RA appeared to restore bone formation and maintain disc height, while estrogen replacement prevented further bone loss. CONCLUSION NPY-1RA in osteoporotic rats activates osteoblast production of bone and decreased marrow and body fat more effectively than estrogen replacement when delivered in similar concentrations. Annulus cells had NPY receptors, which may play a role in disc nutrition, extracellular matrix production, and pain signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Tucci
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, US,Michelle Tucci, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | | | - Robert McGuire
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, US
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9
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Hansen MS, Frost M. Alliances of the gut and bone axis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 123:74-81. [PMID: 34303607 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gut hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells following nutrient ingestion modulate metabolic processes including glucose homeostasis and food intake, and several of these gut hormones are involved in the regulation of the energy demanding process of bone remodelling. Here, we review the gut hormones considered or known to be involved in the gut-bone crosstalk and their role in orchestrating adaptions of bone formation and resorption as demonstrated in cellular and physiological experiments and clinical trials. Understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of the gut-bone axis may identify adverse effects of investigational drugs aimed to treat metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity and new therapeutic candidates for the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Steen Hansen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Frost
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.
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10
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Kenswil KJG, Pisterzi P, Sánchez-Duffhues G, van Dijk C, Lolli A, Knuth C, Vanchin B, Jaramillo AC, Hoogenboezem RM, Sanders MA, Feyen J, Cupedo T, Costa IG, Li R, Bindels EMJ, Lodder K, Blom B, Bos PK, Goumans MJ, Ten Dijke P, Farrell E, Krenning G, Raaijmakers MHGP. Endothelium-derived stromal cells contribute to hematopoietic bone marrow niche formation. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:653-670.e11. [PMID: 33561425 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play pivotal roles in tissue maintenance and regeneration. Their origins, however, remain incompletely understood. Here we identify rare LNGFR+ cells in human fetal and regenerative bone marrow that co-express endothelial and stromal markers. This endothelial subpopulation displays transcriptional reprogramming consistent with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and can generate multipotent stromal cells that reconstitute the bone marrow (BM) niche upon transplantation. Single-cell transcriptomics and lineage tracing in mice confirm robust and sustained contributions of EndoMT to bone precursor and hematopoietic niche pools. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is overexpressed in subsets of EndoMT cells and drives this conversion process through ST2 receptor signaling. These data reveal generation of tissue-forming BMSCs from mouse and human endothelial cells and may be instructive for approaches to human tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Pisterzi
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Claire van Dijk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Lolli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, the Netherlands
| | - Callie Knuth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, the Netherlands
| | - Byambasuren Vanchin
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mathijs Arnoud Sanders
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Feyen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ronghui Li
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Kirsten Lodder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koen Bos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015CE, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
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11
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The characterization of distinct populations of murine skeletal cells that have different roles in B lymphopoiesis. Blood 2021; 138:304-317. [PMID: 33786586 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is extrinsically controlled by cells of the bone marrow microenvironment, including skeletal lineage cells. The identification and subsequent studies of distinct subpopulations of maturing skeletal cells is currently limited due to a lack of methods to isolate these cells. We found that murine Lineage-CD31-Sca-1-CD51+ cells can be divided into four subpopulations using flow cytometry, based on their expression of the platelet derived growth factor receptors ⍺ and β (PDGFR⍺ and PDGFRβ). The use of different skeletal lineage reporters confirmed the skeletal origin of the four populations. Multiplex immunohistochemistry studies revealed that all four populations were localized near the growth plate and trabecular bone and were rarely found near cortical bone regions or in central bone marrow. Functional studies revealed differences in their abundance, colony-forming unit-fibroblast capacity and potential to differentiate into mineralized osteoblasts or adipocytes in vitro. Furthermore, the four populations had distinct gene expression profiles and differential cell surface expression of leptin receptor (LEPR) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Interestingly, we discovered that one of these four different skeletal populations showed the highest expression of genes involved in the extrinsic regulation of B lymphopoiesis. This cell population varied in abundance between distinct hematopoietically active skeletal sites, and significant differences in the proportions of B lymphocyte precursors were also observed in these distinct skeletal sites. It also supported pre-B lymphopoiesis in culture. Our method to isolate four distinct maturing skeletal populations will assist in elucidating the roles of distinct skeletal niche cells in regulating hematopoiesis and bone.
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12
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Matthews BG, Novak S, Sbrana FV, Funnell JL, Cao Y, Buckels EJ, Grcevic D, Kalajzic I. Heterogeneity of murine periosteum progenitors involved in fracture healing. eLife 2021; 10:e58534. [PMID: 33560227 PMCID: PMC7906599 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The periosteum is the major source of cells involved in fracture healing. We sought to characterize progenitor cells and their contribution to bone fracture healing. The periosteum is highly enriched with progenitor cells, including Sca1+ cells, fibroblast colony-forming units, and label-retaining cells compared to the endosteum and bone marrow. Using lineage tracing, we demonstrate that alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) identifies long-term, slow-cycling, self-renewing osteochondroprogenitors in the adult periosteum that are functionally important for bone formation during fracture healing. In addition, Col2.3CreER-labeled osteoblast cells contribute around 10% of osteoblasts but no chondrocytes in fracture calluses. Most periosteal osteochondroprogenitors following fracture can be targeted by αSMACreER. Previously identified skeletal stem cell populations were common in periosteum but contained high proportions of mature osteoblasts. We have demonstrated that the periosteum is highly enriched with skeletal progenitor cells, and there is heterogeneity in the populations of cells that contribute to mature lineages during periosteal fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brya G Matthews
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn HealthFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn HealthFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Francesca V Sbrana
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn HealthFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Jessica L Funnell
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn HealthFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Emma J Buckels
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Danka Grcevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Croatian Intitute for Brain Research, University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn HealthFarmingtonUnited States
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13
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Lin ST, Li YZ, Sun XQ, Chen QQ, Huang SF, Lin S, Cai SQ. Update on the Role of Neuropeptide Y and Other Related Factors in Breast Cancer and Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:705499. [PMID: 34421823 PMCID: PMC8377469 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.705499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer and osteoporosis are common diseases that affect the survival and quality of life in postmenopausal women. Women with breast cancer are more likely to develop osteoporosis than women without breast cancer due to certain factors that can affect both diseases simultaneously. For instance, estrogen and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) play important roles in the occurrence and development of these two diseases. Moreover, chemotherapy and hormone therapy administered to breast cancer patients also increase the incidence of osteoporosis, and in recent years, neuropeptide Y (NPY) has also been found to impact breast cancer and osteoporosis.Y1 and Y5 receptors are highly expressed in breast cancer, and Y1 and Y2 receptors affect osteogenic response, thus potentially highlighting a potential new direction for treatment strategies. In this paper, the relationship between breast cancer and osteoporosis, the influence of NPY on both diseases, and the recent progress in the research and treatment of these diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-ting Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yi-zhong Li
- Department of Bone, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-qi Sun
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qian-qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shun-fa Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Si-qing Cai, ; Shu Lin,
| | - Si-qing Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Si-qing Cai, ; Shu Lin,
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14
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Cao Y, Buckels EJ, Matthews BG. Markers for Identification of Postnatal Skeletal Stem Cells In Vivo. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:655-665. [PMID: 33034805 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The adult skeleton contains stem cells involved in growth, homeostasis, and healing. Mesenchymal or skeletal stem cells are proposed to provide precursors to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow adipocytes, and stromal cells. We review the evidence for existence and functionality of different skeletal stem cell pools, and the tools available for identifying or targeting these populations in mouse and human tissues. RECENT FINDINGS Lineage tracing and single cell-based techniques in mouse models indicate that multiple pools of stem cells exist in postnatal bone. These include growth plate stem cells, stem and progenitor cells in the diaphysis, reticular cells that only form bone in response to injury, and injury-responsive periosteal stem cells. New staining protocols have also been described for prospective isolation of human skeletal stem cells. Several populations of postnatal skeletal stem and progenitor cells have been identified in mice, and we have an increasing array of tools to target these cells. Most Cre models lack a high degree of specificity to define single populations. Human studies are less advanced and require further efforts to refine methods for identifying stem and progenitor cells in adult bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Emma J Buckels
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Brya G Matthews
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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15
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Wang X, Xu J, Kang Q. Neuromodulation of bone: Role of different peptides and their interactions (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:32. [PMID: 33179112 PMCID: PMC7684869 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the skeletal system has been expanded upon the recognition of several neural pathways that serve important roles in bone metabolism and skeletal homeostasis, as bone tissue is richly innervated. Considerable evidence provided by in vitro, animal and human studies have further elucidated the importance of a host of hormones and local factors, including neurotransmitters, in modulating bone metabolism and osteo-chondrogenic differentiation, both peripherally and centrally. Various cells of the musculoskeletal system not only express receptors for these neurotransmitters, but also influence their endogenous levels in the skeleton. As with a number of physiological systems in nature, a neuronal pathway regulating bone turnover will be neutralized by another pathway exerting an opposite effect. These neuropeptides are also critically involved in articular cartilage homeostasis and pathogenesis of degenerative joint disorders, such as osteoarthritis. In the present Review, data on the role of several neuronal populations in nerve-dependent skeletal metabolism is examined, and the molecular events involved are explored, which may reveal broader relationships between two apparently unrelated organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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16
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Sex differences in behavioral and metabolic effects of gene inactivation: The neuropeptide Y and Y receptors in the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:333-347. [PMID: 33045245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain and gonadal hormones interplay controls metabolic and behavioral functions in a sex-related manner. However, most translational neuroscience research related to animal models of endocrine and psychiatric disorders are often carried out in male animals only. The Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system shows sex-dependent differences and is sensitive to gonadal steroids. Based on published data from our and other laboratories, in this review we will discuss the sex related differences of NPY action on energy balance, bone homeostasis and behavior in rodents with the genetic manipulation of genes encoding NPY and its Y1, Y2 and Y5 cognate receptors. Comparative analyses of the phenotype of transgenic and knockout NPY and Y receptor rodents unravels sex dependent differences in the functions of this neurotransmission system, potentially helping to develop therapeutics for a variety of sex-related disorders including metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis and ethanol addiction.
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17
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Wu JQ, Jiang N, Yu B. Mechanisms of action of neuropeptide Y on stem cells and its potential applications in orthopaedic disorders. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:986-1000. [PMID: 33033559 PMCID: PMC7524693 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading causes of disability and result in reduced quality of life. The neuro-osteogenic network is one of the most promising fields in orthopaedic research. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has been reported to be involved in the regulations of bone metabolism and homeostasis, which also provide feedback to the central NPY system via NPY receptors. Currently, potential roles of peripheral NPY in bone metabolism remain unclear. Growing evidence suggests that NPY can regulate biological actions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes via a local autocrine or paracrine manner by different NPY receptors. The regulative activities of NPY may be achieved through the plasticity of NPY receptors, and interactions among the targeted cells as well. In general, NPY can influence proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, mobilization, and cytokine secretion of different types of cells, and play crucial roles in the development of bone delayed/non-union, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Further basic research should clarify detailed mechanisms of action of NPY on stem cells, and clinical investigations are also necessary to comprehensively evaluate potential applications of NPY and its receptor-targeted drugs in management of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Huadu District People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510800, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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18
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Determination of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP 3226 and evaluation of receptor expression based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6625-6632. [PMID: 32728863 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a peptide widely distributed throughout the body that is involved in various physiological processes, including the regulation of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. 5-Carbamimidamido-2-(2,2-diphenylacetamido)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pentanamide (BIBP 3226) is a selective NPY Y1 receptor antagonist with recognized application in bone regeneration studies, requiring quantification at picogram levels. Hence, BIBP 3226 determination is proposed here by a validated HPLC-MS/MS method, based on a reversed-phase Kinetex® core-shell C8 column (2.6 μm, 150 × 2.1 mm) at 30 °C, elution in isocratic mode using a mixture of acetonitrile and water (30:70, v/v), containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid, at 0.25 mL min-1, detection in positive ionization mode, and data acquisition in selected reaction monitoring mode. Calibration curves were linear for concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 30 ng mL-1 with LOD and LOQ values as low as 0.1 and 0.3 pg in cell extracts and 16 and 48 pg in supernatant culture media, respectively. BIBP 3226 was successfully determined in cell extracts and supernatants obtained from internalization assays. Using similar exposure conditions, the amount of BIBP 3226 found in breast cancer cells (MCF7) was 72 to 657 times higher than that found in bone marrow cells (Wt C57BL/6 mice), providing an indirect indicator of NPY Y1 receptor expression.
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19
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Xie W, Li F, Han Y, Qin Y, Wang Y, Chi X, Xiao J, Li Z. Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist promotes osteoporosis and microdamage repair and enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8120-8136. [PMID: 32381754 PMCID: PMC7244071 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder in the elderly population. The accumulation of bone microdamage is a critical factor of osteoporotic fracture. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been reported to regulated bone metabolism through Y1 receptor (Y1R). In this study the effects and mechanisms of Y1R antagonist on prevention for osteoporosis were characterized. In the clinical experiment, compared with osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP) showed significant osteoporotic bone microstructure and accumulation of bone microdamage. NPY and Y1R immunoreactivity in bone were stronger in OP group, and were both correlated with bone volume fraction (BV/TV). In vivo experiment, Y1R antagonist significantly improved osteoporotic microstructure in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. And Y1R antagonist promoted RUNX2, OPG and inhibit RANKL, MMP9 in bone marrow. In vitro cell culture experiment, NPY inhibited osteogenesis, elevated RANKL/OPG ratio and downregulated the expression of cAMP, p-PKAs and p-CREB in BMSCs, treated with Y1R antagonist or 8-Bromo-cAMP could inhibit the effects of NPY. Together, Y1R antagonist improved the bone microstructure and reduced bone microdamage in OVX rats. NPY-Y1R could inhibit osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Our findings highlight the regulation of NPY-Y1R in bone metabolism as a potential therapy strategy for the prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaoying Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhanchun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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20
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Xie W, Han Y, Li F, Gu X, Su D, Yu W, Li Z, Xiao J. Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor Antagonist Alters Gut Microbiota and Alleviates the Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:444-454. [PMID: 31844916 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of evidence has suggested that gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and development of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). It has been suggested that neuropeptide Y (NPY) modulates the bone metabolism through Y1 receptor (Y1R), and might be associated with gut microbiota. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic effects of Y1R antagonist and to investigate the potential mechanism by which Y1R antagonist regulates gut microbiota. In this study, eighteen female rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham surgery (SHAM) group, the ovariectomized (OVX) group, and OVX+BIBO3304 group. After 6 weeks following surgery, Y1R antagonist BIBO3304 was administered to the rats in OVX+BIBO3304 group for 7 days. The bone microstructure and serum biochemical parameters were measured at 12 weeks after operation. The differences in the gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Heat-map and Spearman's correlation analyses were constructed to investigate the correlations between microbiota and bone metabolism-related parameters. The results indicated that OVX+BIBO3304 group showed significantly higher BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Conn.D, and serum Ca2+ level than those in OVX group. Additionally, Y1R antagonist changed the gut microbiota composition with lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and higher proportions of some probiotics, including Lactobacillus. The correlation analysis showed that the changes of gut microbiota were closely associated with bone microstructure and serum Ca2+ levels. Our results suggested that Y1R antagonist played an anti-osteoporotic effect and regulated gut microbiota in OVX rats, indicating the potential to utilize Y1R antagonist as a novel treatment for PMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiyao Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Diansan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhanchun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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21
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Aerts-Kaya F, Ulum B, Mammadova A, Köse S, Aydin G, Korkusuz P, Uçkan-Çetinkaya D. Neurological Regulation of the Bone Marrow Niche. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1212:127-153. [PMID: 31342461 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic niche is the microenvironment where in the adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are maintained and regulated. This regulation is tightly controlled through direct cell-cell interactions with mesenchymal stromal stem (MSCs) and reticular cells, adipocytes, osteoblasts and endothelial cells, through binding to extracellular matrix molecules and through signaling by cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors. These interactions provide a healthy environment and secure the maintenance of the HSPC pool, their proliferation, differentiation and migration. Recent studies have shown that innervation of the BM and interactions with the peripheral sympathetic neural system are important for maintenance of the hematopoietic niche, through direct interactions with HSCPs or via interactions with other cells of the HSPC microenvironment. Signaling through adrenergic receptors (ARs), opioid receptors (ORs), endocannabinoid receptors (CRs) on HSPCs and MSCs has been shown to play an important role in HSPC homeostasis and mobilization. In addition, a wide range of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, such as Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Substance P (SP) and Tachykinins, as well as neurotrophins and neuropoietic growth factors have been shown to be involved in regulation of the hematopoietic niche. Here, a comprehensive overview is given of their role and interactions with important cells in the hematopoietic niche, including HSPCs and MSCs, and their effect on HSPC maintenance, regulation and mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Aerts-Kaya
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Baris Ulum
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aynura Mammadova
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Köse
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Aydin
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uçkan-Çetinkaya
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Effect of cannabinoid-serotonin interactions in the regulation of neuropeptide Y1 receptors expression in rats: the role of CB1 and 5-HT2C receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-03081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in a diversity of critical functions such as circadian rhythms, energy homeostasis, and appetite regulation in the hypothalamus. It has identified as a crucial participant in adjusting energy intake and energy storage as fat via central neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R), leading to obesity and metabolic disorders. The present study was expected to investigate the interaction between 2-AG (CB1R agonist), m-CPP (5HT2CR agonist), SB-242084 (5HT2CR antagonist), and SR-141716A (CB1R antagonist) by mediating through the NPY1R for treating or preventing obesity, metabolic disorders, and other abnormalities. The expression level of NPY1R mRNA has studied on the rat brain by real-time quantitative PCR assay. Based on our findings, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of combined 2-AG (1 μg) + m-CPP (2.5 μg) has antagonistic interaction in the expression of the NPY1R gene (P < 0.001). Moreover, the ICV co-injection of SB-242084 (3 μg) + SR-141716A (1 μg) has antagonistic interaction in the NPY1R gene expression (P < 0.001). Co-administration of 2-AG (1 μg) + SB-242084 (3 μg) amplified NPY1R gene expression (P < 0.001), while the ICV co-injection of m-CPP (2.5 μg) + SR-141716A (1 μg) decreased NPY1R gene expression in the hypothalamus (P < 0.001). These results revealed the interference in cannabinoid and serotonergic systems via CB1 and 5HT2C receptors in the expression of NPY1R mRNA in the hypothalamic area of rats.
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23
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Li Z, Meyers CA, Chang L, Lee S, Li Z, Tomlinson R, Hoke A, Clemens TL, James AW. Fracture repair requires TrkA signaling by skeletal sensory nerves. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:5137-5150. [PMID: 31638597 PMCID: PMC6877307 DOI: 10.1172/jci128428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is richly innervated by nerve growth factor-responsive (NGF-responsive) tropomyosin receptor kinase A-expressing (TrKa-expressing) sensory nerve fibers, which are required for osteochondral progenitor expansion during mammalian skeletal development. Aside from pain sensation, little is known regarding the role of sensory innervation in bone repair. Here, we characterized the reinnervation of tissue following experimental ulnar stress fracture and assessed the impact of loss of TrkA signaling in this process. Sequential histological data obtained in reporter mice subjected to fracture demonstrated a marked upregulation of NGF expression in periosteal stromal progenitors and fracture-associated macrophages. Sprouting and arborization of CGRP+TrkA+ sensory nerve fibers within the reactive periosteum in NGF-enriched cellular domains were evident at time points preceding periosteal vascularization, ossification, and mineralization. Temporal inhibition of TrkA catalytic activity by administration of 1NMPP1 to TrkAF592A mice significantly reduced the numbers of sensory fibers, blunted revascularization, and delayed ossification of the fracture callus. We observed similar deficiencies in nerve regrowth and fracture healing in a mouse model of peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel treatment. Together, our studies demonstrate an essential role of TrkA signaling for stress fracture repair and implicate skeletal sensory nerves as an important upstream mediator of this repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Meyers
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Seungyong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan Tomlinson
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas L. Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Leitch VD, Brassill MJ, Rahman S, Butterfield NC, Ma P, Logan JG, Boyde A, Evans H, Croucher PI, Batterham RL, Williams GR, Bassett JHD. PYY is a negative regulator of bone mass and strength. Bone 2019; 127:427-435. [PMID: 31306808 PMCID: PMC6715792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone loss in anorexia nervosa and following bariatric surgery is associated with an elevated circulating concentration of the gastrointestinal, anorexigenic hormone, peptide YY (PYY). Selective deletion of the PYY receptor Y1R in osteoblasts or Y2R in the hypothalamus results in high bone mass, but deletion of PYY in mice has resulted in conflicting skeletal phenotypes leading to uncertainty regarding its role in the regulation of bone mass. As PYY analogs are under development for treatment of obesity, we aimed to clarify the relationship between PYY and bone mass. METHODS The skeletal phenotype of Pyy knockout (KO) mice was investigated during growth (postnatal day P14) and adulthood (P70 and P186) using X-ray microradiography, micro-CT, back-scattered electron scanning electron microscopy (BSE-SEM), histomorphometry and biomechanical testing. RESULTS Bones from juvenile and Pyy KO mice were longer (P < 0.001), with decreased bone mineral content (P < 0.001). Whereas, bones from adult Pyy KO mice had increased bone mineral content (P < 0.05) with increased mineralisation of both cortical (P < 0.001) and trabecular (P < 0.001) compartments. Long bones from adult Pyy KO mice were stronger (maximum load P < 0.001), with increased stiffness (P < 0.01) and toughness (P < 0.05) compared to wild-type (WT) control mice despite increased cortical vascularity and porosity (P < 0.001). The increased bone mass and strength in Pyy KO mice resulted from increases in trabecular (P < 0.01) and cortical bone formation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that PYY acts as a negative regulator of osteoblastic bone formation, implicating increased PYY levels in the pathogenesis of bone loss during anorexia or following bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria D Leitch
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Jane Brassill
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Rahman
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie C Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Pattara Ma
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - John G Logan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Boyde
- Queen Mary University of London, Oral BioEngineering, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Evans
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter I Croucher
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Rachel L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London Q1T 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
| | - J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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25
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The role of GPCRs in bone diseases and dysfunctions. Bone Res 2019; 7:19. [PMID: 31646011 PMCID: PMC6804689 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) contains immense structural and functional diversity and mediates a myriad of biological processes upon activation by various extracellular signals. Critical roles of GPCRs have been established in bone development, remodeling, and disease. Multiple human GPCR mutations impair bone development or metabolism, resulting in osteopathologies. Here we summarize the disease phenotypes and dysfunctions caused by GPCR gene mutations in humans as well as by deletion in animals. To date, 92 receptors (5 glutamate family, 67 rhodopsin family, 5 adhesion, 4 frizzled/taste2 family, 5 secretin family, and 6 other 7TM receptors) have been associated with bone diseases and dysfunctions (36 in humans and 72 in animals). By analyzing data from these 92 GPCRs, we found that mutation or deletion of different individual GPCRs could induce similar bone diseases or dysfunctions, and the same individual GPCR mutation or deletion could induce different bone diseases or dysfunctions in different populations or animal models. Data from human diseases or dysfunctions identified 19 genes whose mutation was associated with human BMD: 9 genes each for human height and osteoporosis; 4 genes each for human osteoarthritis (OA) and fracture risk; and 2 genes each for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), periodontitis, osteosarcoma growth, and tooth development. Reports from gene knockout animals found 40 GPCRs whose deficiency reduced bone mass, while deficiency of 22 GPCRs increased bone mass and BMD; deficiency of 8 GPCRs reduced body length, while 5 mice had reduced femur size upon GPCR deletion. Furthermore, deficiency in 6 GPCRs induced osteoporosis; 4 induced osteoarthritis; 3 delayed fracture healing; 3 reduced arthritis severity; and reduced bone strength, increased bone strength, and increased cortical thickness were each observed in 2 GPCR-deficiency models. The ever-expanding number of GPCR mutation-associated diseases warrants accelerated molecular analysis, population studies, and investigation of phenotype correlation with SNPs to elucidate GPCR function in human diseases.
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26
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Businaro R, Scaccia E, Bordin A, Pagano F, Corsi M, Siciliano C, Capoano R, Procaccini E, Salvati B, Petrozza V, Totta P, Vietri MT, Frati G, De Falco E. Platelet Lysate-Derived Neuropeptide y Influences Migration and Angiogenesis of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14365. [PMID: 30254326 PMCID: PMC6156505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a powerful neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, is a key regulator of angiogenesis and biology of adipose depots. Intriguingly, its peripheral vascular and angiogenic powerful activity is strictly associated to platelets, which are source of clinical hemoderivates, such as platelet lysate (PL), routinely employed in several clinical applications as wound healing, and to preserve ex vivo the progenitor properties of the adipose stromal cells pool. So far, the presence of NPY in PL and its biological effects on the adipose stromal cell fraction (ASCs) have never been investigated. Here, we aimed to identify endogenous sources of NPY such as PL-based preparations and to investigate which biological properties PL-derived NPY is able to exert on ASCs. The results show that PL contains a high amount of NPY, which is in part also excreted by ASCs when stimulated with PL. The protein levels of the three main NPY subtype receptors (Y1, Y2, Y5) are unaltered by stimulation of ASCs with PL, but their inhibition through selective pharmacological antagonists, considerably enhances migration, and a parallel reduction of angiogenic features of ASCs including decrease in VEGF mRNA and intracellular calcium levels, both downstream targets of NPY. The expression of VEGF and NPY is enhanced within the sites of neovascularisation of difficult wounds in patients after treatment with leuco-platelet concentrates. Our data highlight the presence of NPY in PL preparations and its peripheral effects on adipose progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scaccia
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Mariangela Corsi
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Camilla Siciliano
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capoano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Procaccini
- Breast Unit, A.O. U. Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, piazza Luigi Miraglia, 280138, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Salvati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.
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Abstract
Bones provide both skeletal scaffolding and space for hematopoiesis in its marrow. Previous work has shown that these functions were tightly regulated by the nervous system. The central and peripheral nervous systems tightly regulate compact bone remodeling, its metabolism, and hematopoietic homeostasis in the bone marrow (BM). Accumulating evidence indicates that the nervous system, which fine-tunes inflammatory responses and alterations in neural functions, may regulate autoimmune diseases. Neural signals also influence the progression of hematological malignancies such as acute and chronic myeloid leukemias. Here, we review the interplay of the nervous system with bone, BM, and immunity, and discuss future challenges to target hematological diseases through modulation of activity of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maryanovich
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Shoichiro Takeishi
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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28
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刘 松, 吴 建, 胡 稷, 王 簕, 王 钊, 孟 欢, 卓 灵, 郑 健. [Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170 promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and femoral defect repair in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:669-676. [PMID: 29997088 PMCID: PMC6765719 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170 in promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and accelerating healing of femoral defect in rats. METHODS The third generation of rat BMSCs were treated with PBS (control) or 10-6, 10-7, or 10-8 mol/L NPY Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170. After 7 and 14 days of treatment, the cells were examined for osteogenic differentiation with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining. At 7 and 21 days of treatment, the mRNA and protein expressions of collagen type I (COLI), osteocalcin (OCN) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the cells were detected using q-PCR and Westem Blotting. In a male SD rat model (body weight 300∓20 g) of bilateral femoral condyle defects (2.5 mm in diameter), the effect of daily local injection of 0.2 mL PD160170 (10-6 and 10-8 mol/L, for 28 consecutive days) in promoting bone defect repair was evaluated with micro-CT scans. RESULTS ALP and alizarin red staining showed that the BMSCs treated with PD160170, at the optimal concentration of 10-8 mol/L, contained more intracellular cytoplasmic brown particles and mineralized nodules in extracellular matrix than PBS-treated cells. PD160170 (10-8 mol/L) significantly up-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of COLI at day 7 and those of OCN and Runx2 at day 21 (P<0.05). In the rat models of femoral bone defect, the volume/tissue volume ratio, bone mineral density and the number of bone trabeculae were significantly greater in 10-6 mol/L PD160170 group than in the control group (P<0.05), but the bone trabecular thickness (P=0.07) and bone volume (P=0.35) were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION NPY Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170 can promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and healing of femoral defects in rats, suggesting the potential of therapeutic strategies targeting NPY Y1 receptor signaling in the prevention and treatment of bone fracture and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 松 刘
- 广州医科大学附属第三医院骨科二区,广东 广州 510150Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - 建群 吴
- 广州市花都区人民医院骨科,广东 广州 510800Department of Orthopedics, Huadu District People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510800, China
- 南方医院医科大学南方医院创伤骨科,广东 广州 510515Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 稷杰 胡
- 南方医院医科大学南方医院创伤骨科,广东 广州 510515Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 簕 王
- 广州医科大学附属第三医院骨科二区,广东 广州 510150Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - 钊 王
- 广州医科大学附属第三医院骨科二区,广东 广州 510150Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - 欢 孟
- 南方医院医科大学南方医院创伤骨科,广东 广州 510515Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 灵剑 卓
- 南方医院医科大学南方医院创伤骨科,广东 广州 510515Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 健雄 郑
- 南方医院医科大学南方医院创伤骨科,广东 广州 510515Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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29
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Seldeen KL, Halley PG, Volmar CH, Rodríguez MA, Hernandez M, Pang M, Carlsson SK, Suva LJ, Wahlestedt C, Troen BR, Brothers SP. Neuropeptide Y Y2 antagonist treated ovariectomized mice exhibit greater bone mineral density. Neuropeptides 2018; 67:45-55. [PMID: 29129406 PMCID: PMC5805636 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by progressive bone loss and increased risk of fracture, often results from menopausal loss of estrogen in women. Neuropeptide Y has been shown to negatively regulate bone formation, with amygdala specific deletion of the Y2 receptor resulting in increased bone mass in mice. In this study, ovariectomized (OVX) mice were injected once daily with JNJ-31020028, a brain penetrant Y2 receptor small molecule antagonist to determine the effects on bone formation. Antagonist treated mice had reduced weight and showed increased whole-body bone mineral density compared to vehicle-injected mice. Micro computerized tomography (micro-CT) demonstrated increased vertebral trabecular bone volume, connectivity density and trabecular thickness. Femoral micro-CT analysis revealed increased bone volume within trabecular regions and greater trabecular number, without significant difference in other parameters or within cortical regions. A decrease was seen in serum P1NP, a measure used to confirm positive treatment outcomes in bisphosphonate treated patients. C-terminal telopeptide 1 (CTX-1), a blood biomarker of bone resorption, was decreased in treated animals. The higher bone mineral density observed following Y2 antagonist treatment, as determined by whole-body DEXA scanning, is indicative of either enhanced mineralization or reduced bone loss. Additionally, our findings that ex vivo treatment of bone marrow cells with the Y2 antagonist did not affect osteoblast and osteoclast formation suggests the inhibitor is not affecting these cells directly, and suggests a central role for compound action in this system. Our results support the involvement of Y2R signalling in bone metabolism and give credence to the hypothesis that selective pharmacological manipulation of Y2R may provide anabolic benefits for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Seldeen
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P G Halley
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C H Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M A Rodríguez
- Bruce W. Carter VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami, FL, USA; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Hernandez
- Bruce W. Carter VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami, FL, USA; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Pang
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S K Carlsson
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - L J Suva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - C Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - B R Troen
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S P Brothers
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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30
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Maltby S, Lochrin AJ, Bartlett B, Tay HL, Weaver J, Poulton IJ, Plank MW, Rosenberg HF, Sims NA, Foster PS. Osteoblasts Are Rapidly Ablated by Virus-Induced Systemic Inflammation following Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus or Pneumonia Virus of Mice Infection in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:632-642. [PMID: 29212906 PMCID: PMC5760340 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A link between inflammatory disease and bone loss is now recognized. However, limited data exist on the impact of virus infection on bone loss and regeneration. Bone loss results from an imbalance in remodeling, the physiological process whereby the skeleton undergoes continual cycles of formation and resorption. The specific molecular and cellular mechanisms linking virus-induced inflammation to bone loss remain unclear. In the current study, we provide evidence that infection of mice with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) resulted in rapid and substantial loss of osteoblasts from the bone surface. Osteoblast ablation was associated with elevated levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and CCL2. Both LCMV and PVM infections resulted in reduced osteoblast-specific gene expression in bone, loss of osteoblasts, and reduced serum markers of bone formation, including osteocalcin and procollagen type 1 N propeptide. Infection of Rag-1-deficient mice (which lack adaptive immune cells) or specific depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes limited osteoblast loss associated with LCMV infection. By contrast, CD8+ T cell depletion had no apparent impact on osteoblast ablation in association with PVM infection. In summary, our data demonstrate dramatic loss of osteoblasts in response to virus infection and associated systemic inflammation. Further, the inflammatory mechanisms mediating viral infection-induced bone loss depend on the specific inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2305, Australia;
| | - Alyssa J Lochrin
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Bianca Bartlett
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Hock L Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Jessica Weaver
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, The Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; and
| | - Maximilian W Plank
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, The Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; and
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2305, Australia;
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31
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Nguyen AD, Lee NJ, Wee NKY, Zhang L, Enriquez RF, Khor EC, Nie T, Wu D, Sainsbury A, Baldock PA, Herzog H. Uncoupling protein-1 is protective of bone mass under mild cold stress conditions. Bone 2018; 106:167-178. [PMID: 26055106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), largely controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), has the ability to dissipate energy in the form of heat through the actions of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), thereby critically influencing energy expenditure. Besides BAT, the SNS also strongly influences bone, and recent studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between BAT activity and bone mass, albeit the interactions between BAT and bone remain unclear. Here we show that UCP-1 is critical for protecting bone mass in mice under conditions of permanent mild cold stress for this species (22°C). UCP-1-/- mice housed at 22°C showed significantly lower cancellous bone mass, with lower trabecular number and thickness, a lower bone formation rate and mineralising surface, but unaltered osteoclast number, compared to wild type mice housed at the same temperature. UCP-1-/- mice also displayed shorter femurs than wild types, with smaller cortical periosteal and endocortical perimeters. Importantly, these altered bone phenotypes were not observed when UCP-1-/- and wild type mice were housed in thermo-neutral conditions (29°C), indicating a UCP-1 dependent support of bone mass and bone formation at the lower temperature. Furthermore, at 22°C UCP-1-/- mice showed elevated hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) relative to wild type, which is consistent with the lower bone formation and mass of UCP-1-/- mice at 22°C caused by the catabolic effects of hypothalamic NPY-induced SNS modulation. The results from this study suggest that during mild cold stress, when BAT-dependent thermogenesis is required, UCP-1 activity exerts a protective effect on bone mass possibly through alterations in central NPY pathways known to regulate SNS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Nguyen
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nicola J Lee
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Natalie K Y Wee
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ronaldo F Enriquez
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ee Cheng Khor
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Tao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Amanda Sainsbury
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Abstract
Biological processes utilize energy and therefore must be prioritized based on fuel availability. Bone is no exception to this, and the benefit of remodeling when necessary outweighs the energy costs. Bone remodeling is important for maintaining blood calcium homeostasis, repairing micro cracks and fractures, and modifying bone structure so that it is better suited to withstand loading demands. Osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes are the primary cells responsible for bone remodeling, although bone marrow adipocytes and other cells may also play an indirect role. There is a renewed interest in bone cell energetics because of the potential for these processes to be targeted for osteoporosis therapies. In contrast, due to the intimate link between bone and energy homeostasis, pharmaceuticals that treat metabolic disease or have metabolic side effects often have deleterious bone consequences. In this brief review, we will introduce osteoporosis, discuss how bone cells utilize energy to function, evidence for bone regulating whole body energy homeostasis, and some of the unanswered questions and opportunities for further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Motyl
- 1 Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- 2 Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Adriana Lelis Carvalho
- 3 Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- 2 Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
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CD169 + macrophages are critical for osteoblast maintenance and promote intramembranous and endochondral ossification during bone repair. Biomaterials 2017; 196:51-66. [PMID: 29107337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteal macrophages (osteomacs) contribute to bone homeostasis and regeneration. To further distinguish their functions from osteoclasts, which share many markers and growth factor requirements, we developed a rapid, enzyme-free osteomac enrichment protocol that permitted characterization of minimally manipulated osteomacs by flow cytometry. Osteomacs differ from osteoclasts in expression of Siglec1 (CD169). This distinction was confirmed using the CD169-diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor (DTR) knock-in model. DT treatment of naïve CD169-DTR mice resulted in selective and striking loss of osteomacs, whilst osteoclasts and trabecular bone area were unaffected. Consistent with a previously-reported trophic interaction, osteomac loss was accompanied by a concomitant and proportionately striking reduction in osteoblasts. The impact of CD169+ macrophage depletion was assessed in two models of bone injury that heal via either intramembranous (tibial injury) or endochondral (internally-plated femoral fracture model) ossification. In both models, CD169+ macrophage, including osteomac depletion compromised bone repair. Importantly, DT treatment in CD169-DTR mice did not affect osteoclast frequency in either model. In the femoral fracture model, the magnitude of callus formation correlated with the number of F4/80+ macrophages that persisted within the callus. Overall these observations provide compelling support that CD169+ osteomacs, independent of osteoclasts, provide vital pro-anabolic support to osteoblasts during both bone homeostasis and repair.
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Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Stem Cells and Their Potential Applications in Disease Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6823917. [PMID: 29109742 PMCID: PMC5646323 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6823917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino acid peptide, is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and other peripheral tissues. It takes part in regulating various biological processes including food intake, circadian rhythm, energy metabolism, and neuroendocrine secretion. Increasing evidence indicates that NPY exerts multiple regulatory effects on stem cells. As a kind of primitive and undifferentiated cells, stem cells have the therapeutic potential to replace damaged cells, secret paracrine molecules, promote angiogenesis, and modulate immunity. Stem cell-based therapy has been demonstrated effective and considered as one of the most promising treatments for specific diseases. However, several limitations still hamper its application, such as poor survival and low differentiation and integration rates of transplanted stem cells. The regulatory effects of NPY on stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation may be helpful to overcome these limitations and facilitate the application of stem cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarized the regulatory effects of NPY on stem cells and discussed their potential applications in disease therapy.
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Yahara M, Tei K, Tamura M. Inhibition of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor induces osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3‑E1 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2779-2784. [PMID: 28656295 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a major neural signaling molecule. NPY is produced by peripheral tissues, such as osteoblasts, and binds to the corresponding Y1 receptor that belongs to the G‑protein‑coupled receptor family. Osteoblast‑specific Y1 receptor knockout mice exhibit high bone mass, indicating a role of the NPY‑Y1 receptor axis in the regulation of bone homeostasis. In the bone microenvironment, peripheral nerve fibers and osteoblasts produce NPY. However, the effects of the Y1 receptor on osteoblasts remain unexplored. In the present study, an RNA interference approach was employed to target the Y1 receptor, in order to determine whether it may function to regulate the growth, differentiation and viability of osteoblasts. Knockdown of the Y1 receptor by small interfering RNA (siRNA) lead to induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization in mouse MC3T3‑E1 osteoblast cells. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of ALP, osteocalcin, collagen (I) α1, and bone sialoprotein were significantly increased following transfection of a Y1 receptor siRNA. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of Runx2 and osterix were significantly increased; however, no significant alterations in cell proliferation and caspase‑3/7 activity were observed in Y1 receptor siRNA‑transfected cells when compared with non‑targeting controls. The results demonstrate that Y1 receptor inhibition may increase osteoblastic differentiation, which indicates a role of the Y1 receptor in the regulation of osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Yahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Kanchu Tei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
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Li Y, Ma S, Guo J, Jiang J, Luo K, Yan F, Xiao Y. Effect of local hIL-10 gene therapy on experimental periodontitis in ovariectomized rats. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:268-279. [PMID: 28358289 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1292427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of local hIL-10 gene therapy on experimental periodontitis in rats and to elucidate the mechanism underlying this effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental periodontitis was induced in ovariectomized (OVX) rats using a silk ligature. We then injected 5 μg of hIL-10 plasmid with 5 μl of liposomes or 5 μg of vector plasmid with 5 μl of liposomes into the palatal side of the gingival mucosa of the upper left second molar once every two days. The rats were killed 48 hours after the seventh injection. The body weight; bone mineral density of the whole body, pelvis and spine; resorption of the alveolar bone; and number of cytokine-positive cells were measured to determine the effects of hIL-10 on the periodontal tissue. RESULTS hIL-10 was expressed in periodontal tissues after local gene delivery. The expressed hIL-10 protein inhibited alveolar bone resorption and downregulated IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, RANKL and MMP-8 in the periodontal ligament in the root furcation region. CONCLUSIONS Local hIL-10 gene transfer suppressed alveolar bone resorption in OVX rats, and this effect was probably associated with the decline in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Souzhi Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Grässel S, Muschter D. Peripheral Nerve Fibers and Their Neurotransmitters in Osteoarthritis Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050931. [PMID: 28452955 PMCID: PMC5454844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the nociceptive nervous system for maintaining tissue homeostasis has been known for some time, and it has also been suggested that organogenesis and tissue repair are under neuronal control. Changes in peripheral joint innervation are supposed to be partly responsible for degenerative alterations in joint tissues which contribute to development of osteoarthritis. Various resident cell types of the musculoskeletal system express receptors for sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters, allowing response to peripheral neuronal stimuli. Among them are mesenchymal stem cells, synovial fibroblasts, bone cells and chondrocytes of different origin, which express distinct subtypes of adrenoceptors (AR), receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Some of these cell types synthesize and secrete neuropeptides such as SP, and they are positive for tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of catecholamines. Sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters are involved in the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which manifests mainly in the joints. In addition, they seem to play a role in pathogenesis of priori degenerative joint disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA). Altogether it is evident that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are critical for joint tissue and bone homeostasis. They modulate articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial tissue properties in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, in addition to their classical neurological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Exp. Orthopedics, ZMB/Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Dominique Muschter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Exp. Orthopedics, ZMB/Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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38
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NGF-TrkA signaling in sensory nerves is required for skeletal adaptation to mechanical loads in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3632-E3641. [PMID: 28416686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701054114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory nerves emanating from the dorsal root extensively innervate the surfaces of mammalian bone, a privileged location for the regulation of biomechanical signaling. Here, we show that NGF-TrkA signaling in skeletal sensory nerves is an early response to mechanical loading of bone and is required to achieve maximal load-induced bone formation. First, the elimination of TrkA signaling in mice harboring mutant TrkAF592A alleles was found to greatly attenuate load-induced bone formation induced by axial forelimb compression. Next, both in vivo mechanical loading and in vitro mechanical stretch were shown to induce the profound up-regulation of NGF in osteoblasts within 1 h of loading. Furthermore, inhibition of TrkA signaling following axial forelimb compression was observed to reduce measures of Wnt/β-catenin activity in osteocytes in the loaded bone. Finally, the administration of exogenous NGF to wild-type mice was found to significantly increase load-induced bone formation and Wnt/β-catenin activity in osteocytes. In summary, these findings demonstrate that communication between osteoblasts and sensory nerves through NGF-TrkA signaling is essential for load-induced bone formation in mice.
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Yu W, Zhu C, Xu W, Jiang L, Jiang S. Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor Regulates Glucocorticoid-Induced Inhibition of Osteoblast Differentiation in Murine MC3T3-E1 Cells via ERK Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122150. [PMID: 28009825 PMCID: PMC5187950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High dose glucocorticoid (GC) administration impairs the viability and function of osteoblasts, thus causing osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. Neuropeptide Y1 receptor (Y1 receptor) is expressed in bone tissues and cells, and regulates bone remodeling. However, the role of Y1 receptor in glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation remains unknown. In the present study, osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium was treated with or without of 10−7 M dexamethasone (Dex), Y1 receptor shRNA interference, Y1 receptor agonist [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY, and antagonist BIBP3226. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and cleaved caspase expression, respectively. Osteoblast differentiation was evaluated by Alizarin Red S staining and osteogenic marker gene expressions. Protein expression was detected by Western blot analysis. Dex upregulated the expression of Y1 receptor in MC3T3-E1 cells associated with reduced osteogenic gene expressions and mineralization. Blockade of Y1 receptor by shRNA transfection and BIBP3226 significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Dex on osteoblastic activity. Y1 receptor signaling modulated the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) as well as the expressions of osteogenic genes. Y1 receptor agonist inhibited ERK phosphorylation and osteoblast differentiation, while Y1 receptor blockade exhibited the opposite effects. Activation of ERK signaling by constitutive active mutant of MEK1 (caMEK) abolished Y1 receptor-mediated Dex inhibition of osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Taken together, Y1 receptor regulates Dex-induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation in murine MC3T3-E1 cells via ERK signaling. This study provides a novel role of Y1 receptor in the process of GC-induced suppression in osteoblast survival and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wenning Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Leisheng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Shengdan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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40
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The role of Eph/ephrin molecules in stromal–hematopoietic interactions. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:145-54. [PMID: 26475284 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells(BMSC) are fundamental regulatory elements of the hematopoietic stem cell niche; however, the molecular signals that mediate BMSC support of hematopoiesis are poorly understood. Recent studies indicate that BMSC and hematopoietic stem/progenitors cells differentially express the Eph cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors, and their ephrinligands. Eph/ephrin interactions are thought to mediate cross-talk between BMSC and different hematopoietic cell populations to influence cell development, migration and function. This review summarizes Eph/ephrin interactions in the regulation of BMSC communication with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and discusses Eph/ephrintargeted therapeutic strategies that are currently being pursued or various hematotological malignancies.
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41
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Gu XC, Zhang XB, Hu B, Zi Y, Li M. Neuropeptide Y accelerates post-fracture bone healing by promoting osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Neuropeptides 2016; 60:61-66. [PMID: 27720230 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fracture repair is a complex yet well orchestrated regenerative process involving numerous signaling and cell types including osteoblasts. Here we showed that NPY, a neurotransmitter with regulatory functions in bone homeostasis, may contribute to the post-fracture bone healing in patients with traumatic brain injury-fracture combined injuries. Our results suggested NPY levels were increased in patients with the combined injuries, accomplished by arising of bone healing markers, such as ALP, OC, PICP and ICTP, than in those with simple fractures, and NPY have direct actions on MSCs to promote their osteogenic differentiation. Our results provided clinical evidences for NPY participating in the bone healing process in a nonhypothalamic manner, most probably by directly promoting osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Minhang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zi
- Department of Emergency, 463rd Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110042, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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42
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Bendall L. Extracellular molecules in hematopoietic stem cell mobilisation. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:118-128. [PMID: 27826715 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are a remarkable resource currently used for the life saving treatment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Today, hematopoietic stem cells are primarily obtained from mobilized peripheral blood following treatment of the donor with the cytokine G-CSF, and in some settings, chemotherapy and/or the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor. The collection of hematopoietic stem cells is contingent on adequate and timely mobilization of these cells into the peripheral blood. The use of healthy donors, particularly when unrelated to the patient, requires mobilization strategies be safe for the donor. While current mobilization strategies are largely successful, adequate mobilization fails to occur in a significant portion of donors. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the egress of stem cells from the bone marrow provides opportunities to further improve the process of collecting hematopoietic stem cells. Here, the role extracellular components of the blood and bone marrow in the mobilization process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bendall
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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43
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Alves CJ, Alencastre IS, Neto E, Ribas J, Ferreira S, Vasconcelos DM, Sousa DM, Summavielle T, Lamghari M. Bone Injury and Repair Trigger Central and Peripheral NPY Neuronal Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165465. [PMID: 27802308 PMCID: PMC5089690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone repair is a specialized type of wound repair controlled by complex multi-factorial events. The nervous system is recognized as one of the key regulators of bone mass, thereby suggesting a role for neuronal pathways in bone homeostasis. However, in the context of bone injury and repair, little is known on the interplay between the nervous system and bone. Here, we addressed the neuropeptide Y (NPY) neuronal arm during the initial stages of bone repair encompassing the inflammatory response and ossification phases in femoral-defect mouse model. Spatial and temporal analysis of transcriptional and protein levels of NPY and its receptors, Y1R and Y2R, reported to be involved in bone homeostasis, was performed in bone, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and hypothalamus after femoral injury. The results showed that NPY system activity is increased in a time- and space-dependent manner during bone repair. Y1R expression was trigged in both bone and DRG throughout the inflammatory phase, while a Y2R response was restricted to the hypothalamus and at a later stage, during the ossification step. Our results provide new insights into the involvement of NPY neuronal pathways in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília J. Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês S. Alencastre
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Ribas
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel M. Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M. Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Wang FS, Lian WS, Weng WT, Sun YC, Ke HJ, Chen YS, Ko JY. Neuropeptide Y mediates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and marrow adiposity in mice. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2777-2789. [PMID: 27080706 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increased neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression occurred in the glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic skeleton. NPY knockout mice exhibited a minor response to the glucocorticoid-mediated exacerbation of bone accretion and fatty marrow pathogenesis. NPY deletion restored SITR1 signaling and enhanced PPARγ ubiquitination of bone tissue, an alternative strategy for ameliorating glucocorticoid-induced skeletal deterioration. INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoid excess is observed to worsen the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and fatty marrow. This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) to glucocorticoid-induced bone loss and marrow adiposity. METHODS NPY knockout and wild-type mice were administered methylprednisolone for four consecutive weeks. Bone mineral density, microarchitecture, and calcein-labeled mineral acquisition were quantified by μCT, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and histomorphometry. Expression of osteogenic and adipogenic markers and acetylation states of PPARγ were detected by RT-quantitative PCR, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting. RESULTS High NPY levels were associated with glucocorticoid-induced trabecular bone deterioration and marrow fat accumulation. Mice lacking NPY had high bone mass concomitant with spacious trabecular and cortical bone microstructure. NPY deletion shielded skeletal tissues from the glucocorticoid-induced impediment of bone mass, trabecular morphometric characteristics, mineral accretion activity, and fatty marrow development. Ex vivo, NPY deficiency sustained osteogenic differentiation capacity and curtailed the glucocorticoid-mediated escalation of adipocyte formation reactions of primary bone-marrow mesenchymal cells. NPY deletion appeared to modulate Y1 and Y2 receptors, sirtuin 1, ERK, and p38 signaling pathways, an effect that facilitated hypoacetylation and ubiquitination of adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ in the skeletal tissues exposed to glucocorticoid stress. CONCLUSIONS NPY mediates the glucocorticoid-induced disturbance of mineral accretion and marrow adipogenesis through post-translational modification of PPARγ. This study brings a new molecular insight into the disintegration of adipogenic and osteogenic activities within glucocorticoid-mediated osteoporotic skeletons. Control of NPY is an alternative strategy to ameliorate glucocorticoid-induced bone destruction and fatty marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-S Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W-S Lian
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W-T Weng
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Sun
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Ke
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohisung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - J-Y Ko
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83303, Taiwan.
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Tian H. Identification of candidate genes for myeloma-induced osteocyte death based on microarray data. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:81. [PMID: 27405725 PMCID: PMC4942932 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study was aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of osteocyte death in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Methods GSE27372 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, including three HOB-01 (osteocyte cell line) control samples and three HOB-01 samples co-cultured with JJN3 (human MM cell line). After the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Student’s t test method, enrichment analyses were performed for them using DAVID software. Using TRANSFAC, TSGene, and tumor-associated gene (TAG) databases, functional annotation was conducted for the DEGs. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and sub-network analyses were performed using STRING database and Cytoscape software. Results Total 393 DEGs were identified, including 22 transcription factors (e.g., KLF4 and IRF8) and 37 TAGs. Enrichment analysis suggested that EGF, S1PR1, and NPY1R were enriched in the function of circulatory system development. EGF (degree = 31) and EGR1 (degree = 19) had high degrees and interactions in the PPI network. In the sub-network, S1PR1, C3AR1, and NPY1R could interact with each other. Conclusions These DEGs might participate in the osteocyte apoptosis induced by myeloma cells. These findings might provide a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the osteolysis in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglai Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 42 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Liu S, Jin D, Wu JQ, Xu ZY, Fu S, Mei G, Zou ZL, Ma SH. Neuropeptide Y stimulates osteoblastic differentiation and VEGF expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells related to canonical Wnt signaling activating in vitro. Neuropeptides 2016; 56:105-13. [PMID: 26707636 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuropeptide secreted by sensory nerve fibers distributed in the marrow and vascular canals of bone tissue. However, the effect of NPY on the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remains controversial and has not been thoroughly investigated. To explore the osteogenic activity and the migration and VEGF expression capabilities of BMSCs affected by NPY, as well as the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the potential relationships among NPY, osteoblastic differentiation, angiogenesis and canonical Wnt signaling in BMSCs. NPY was observed to regulate osteoblastic differentiation at concentrations ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-12)mol/L, and the effects of NPY on the levels of Wnt signaling proteins were detected using Western blotting. To unravel the underlying mechanism, BMSCs were treated with NPY after pretreatment with the NPY-1R antagonist PD160170 or the Wnt pathway antagonist DKK1, and gene expression levels of Wnt signaling molecules and osteoblastic markers were determined by qPCR. Our results indicated that NPY significantly promoted osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner and up-regulated the expression levels of proteins including β-catenin and p-GSK-3β and the mRNA level of β-catenin. Moreover, NPY promoted the translocation of β-catenin into nucleus. The effects of NPY were inhibited by PD160170 or DKK1. Additionally, NPY enhanced the ability of BMSCs to migrate and promoted the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as measured by immunocytochemical staining, qPCR and Western blot. These results suggested that NPY may stimulate osteoblastic differentiation via activating canonical Wnt signaling and enhance the angiogenic capacity of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-qun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-yi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province 441021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Lv Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-hui Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
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Horsnell H, Baldock PA. Osteoblastic Actions of the Neuropeptide Y System to Regulate Bone and Energy Homeostasis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2016; 14:26-31. [PMID: 26872458 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-016-0300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural pathways are now a well-appreciated factor in the regulatory milieu controlling the maintenance of bone mass. A number of neural pathways from the brain to bone have been identified. These pathways often involve elements of the energy homeostatic apparatus, indicating links between the regulation of bone metabolism and energy balance. Neuropeptide Y is one such factor that co-regulates these two processes. Initial studies outlined the skeletal actions of NPY from within the brain and the interactions with energy homeostatic processes. However, in recent years, an appreciation for the actions of NPY within bone cells has expanded. Cells of the osteoblastic lineage express both NPY ligand and a cognate receptor NPY, Y1R. Murine studies have demonstrated that both ligand and receptor actively control bone mass and osteoblast activity and interact with mechanical signals to integrate with the local loading environment. Local NPY signalling regulates osteoprogenitor production and differentiation, to cover the entire osteoblastic lineage. In addition, several recent studies have demonstrated extra-skeletal actions of osteoblastic NPY signalling, to regulate energy expenditure and with it adiposity, and in a separate study, to control release of a factor-controlling beta cell mass and insulin production/release and with it glucose tolerance. Thus, osteoblastic neuropeptide production and signalling illustrates the rapidly widening sphere of influence of skeletal tissue, and suggests a far more complex and interconnected physiology then is currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Horsnell
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Bath University, Claverton Down Rd, Bath, North East Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 160 Oxford St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Geloso MC, Corvino V, Di Maria V, Marchese E, Michetti F. Cellular targets for neuropeptide Y-mediated control of adult neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:85. [PMID: 25852477 PMCID: PMC4360818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are emerging as key regulators of stem cell niche activities in health and disease, both inside and outside the central nervous system (CNS). Among them, neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides both in the nervous system and in non-neural districts, has become the focus of much attention for its involvement in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions, including the modulation of different stem cell activities. In particular, a pro-neurogenic role of NPY has been evidenced in the neurogenic niche, where a direct effect on neural progenitors has been demonstrated, while different cellular types, including astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells, also appear to be responsive to the peptide. The marked modulation of the NPY system during several pathological conditions that affect neurogenesis, including stress, seizures and neurodegeneration, further highlights the relevance of this peptide in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. In view of the considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms controlling neural cell fate, this review aims to summarize and discuss current data on NPY signaling in the different cellular components of the neurogenic niche in order to elucidate the complexity of the mechanisms underlying the modulatory properties of this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Corvino
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marchese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Michetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Bone metabolism is regulated by the action of two skeletal cells: osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This process is controlled by many genetic, hormonal and lifestyle factors, but today more and more studies have allowed us to identify a neuronal regulation system termed 'bone-brain crosstalk', which highlights a direct relationship between bone tissue and the nervous system. The first documentation of an anatomic relationship between nerves and bone was made via a wood cut by Charles Estienne in Paris in 1545. His diagram demonstrated nerves entering and leaving the bones of a skeleton. Later, several studies were conducted on bone innervation and, as of today, many observations on the regulation of bone remodeling by neurons and neuropeptides that reside in the CNS have created a new research field, that is, neuroskeletal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Metozzi
- a 1 Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50138 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bonamassa
- a 1 Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50138 Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Brandi
- b 2 Public Mental Health system 1-4 of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- c 3 Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, AOUC Careggi, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50138 Florence, Italy
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Fernando HA, Zibellini J, Hsu MS, Seimon RV, Nguyen AD, Sainsbury A. The neuropeptide Y-ergic system: potential therapeutic target against bone loss with obesity treatments. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2015; 10:177-191. [PMID: 30293515 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2015.1001741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is no longer considered to provide protection against osteoporosis. Moreover, treatments for obesity are now suspected of reducing bone mass. With the escalating incidence of obesity, combined with increases in the frequency, duration and intensity of interventions used to combat it, we face a potential increase in health burden due to osteoporotic fractures. The neuropeptide Y-ergic system offers a potential target for the prevention and anabolic treatment of bone loss in obesity, due to its dual role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and bone mass. Although the strongest stimulation of bone mass by this system appears to occur via indirect hypothalamic pathways involving Y2 receptors (one of the five types of receptors for neuropeptide Y), Y1 receptors on osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) induce direct effects to enhance bone mass. This latter pathway may offer a suitable target for anti-osteoporotic treatment while also minimizing the risk of adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A Fernando
- a 1 The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jessica Zibellini
- a 1 The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michelle Sh Hsu
- a 1 The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Radhika V Seimon
- a 1 The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amy D Nguyen
- b 2 Neuroscience Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Amanda Sainsbury
- a 1 The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
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