1
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Chen Q, Zhao X, Xu Z, Liu Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress mechanisms and exercise intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117122. [PMID: 38991302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease primarily characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and insufficient insulin secretion. The unfolded protein response (UPR) overactivation induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) appears to play a key role in this process, although the exact pathogenesis of T2DM is not fully understood. Studies have demonstrated that appropriate exercise can regulate ERS in the heart, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, and other body tissues leading to an improvement in diabetes and its complications. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. By analyzing the relationship between ERS, T2DM pathology, and exercise intervention, this review concludes that exercise can increase insulin sensitivity, inhibit IR, promote insulin secretion and alleviate T2DM by regulating ERS. This paper specifically reviews the signaling pathways by which ERS induces diabetes, the mechanisms of exercise regulation of ERS in diabetes, and the varying effects of different types of exercise on diabetes improvement through ERS mechanisms. Physical exercise is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for T2DM. Thus, further exploration of how exercise regulates ERS in diabetes could refine "precision exercise medicine" for diabetes and identify new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Chen
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
| | - Zujie Xu
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
| | - Yiyao Liu
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
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2
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Çiftçi YC, Yurtsever Y, Akgül B. Long non-coding RNA-mediated modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress under pathological conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18561. [PMID: 39072992 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which ensues from an overwhelming protein folding capacity, activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in an effort to restore cellular homeostasis. As ER stress is associated with numerous diseases, it is highly important to delineate the molecular mechanisms governing the ER stress to gain insight into the disease pathology. Long non-coding RNAs, transcripts with a length of over 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins, interact with proteins and nucleic acids, fine-tuning the UPR to restore ER homeostasis via various modes of actions. Dysregulation of specific lncRNAs is implicated in the progression of ER stress-related diseases, presenting these molecules as promising therapeutic targets. The comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of understanding the nuanced interplay between lncRNAs and ER stress for insights into disease mechanisms. Overall, this review consolidates current knowledge, identifies research gaps and offers a roadmap for future investigations into the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in ER stress and associated diseases to shed light on their pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Cem Çiftçi
- Noncoding RNA Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yiğit Yurtsever
- Noncoding RNA Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Akgül
- Noncoding RNA Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Rives D, Peak C, Blenner MA. RNASeq highlights ATF6 pathway regulators for CHO cell engineering with different impacts of ATF6β and WFS1 knockdown on fed-batch production of IgG 1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14141. [PMID: 38898154 PMCID: PMC11187196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretion levels required of industrial Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines can challenge endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, and ER stress caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins can be a bottleneck in biomanufacturing. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated to restore homeostasis in response to ER stress, and optimization of the UPR can improve CHO cell production of therapeutic proteins. We compared the fed-batch growth, production characteristics, and transcriptomic response of an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) producer to its parental, non-producing host cell line. We conducted differential gene expression analysis using high throughput RNA sequencing (RNASeq) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to study the ER stress response of each cell line during fed-batch culture. The UPR was activated in the IgG1 producer compared to the host cell line and our analysis of differential expression profiles indicated transient upregulation of ATF6α target mRNAs in the IgG1 producer, suggesting two upstream regulators of the ATF6 arm of the UPR, ATF6β and WFS1, are rational engineering targets. Although both ATF6β and WFS1 have been reported to negatively regulate ATF6α, this study shows knockdown of either target elicits different effects in an IgG1-producing CHO cell line. Stable knockdown of ATF6β decreased cell growth without decreasing titer; however, knockdown of WFS1 decreased titer without affecting growth. Relative expression measured by qPCR indicated no direct relationship between ATF6β and WFS1 expression, but upregulation of WFS1 in one pool was correlated with decreased growth and upregulation of ER chaperone mRNAs. While knockdown of WFS1 had negative impacts on UPR activation and product mRNA expression, knockdown of ATF6β improved the UPR specifically later in fed-batch leading to increased overall productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyllan Rives
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, SC, 29634-0909, USA
| | - Caroline Peak
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, SC, 29634-0909, USA
| | - Mark A Blenner
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, SC, 29634-0909, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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4
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Wadgaonkar P, Wang Z, Chen F. Endoplasmic reticulum stress responses and epigenetic alterations in arsenic carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123565. [PMID: 38373625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen whose environmental exposure via drinking water, food, and air impacts millions of people across the globe. Various mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis have been identified, ranging from damage caused by excessive production of free radicals and epigenetic alterations to the generation of cancer stem cells. A growing body of evidence supports the critical involvement of the endoplasmic stress-activated unfolded protein response (UPR) in promoting as well as suppressing cancer development/progression. Various in vitro and in vivo models have also demonstrated that arsenic induces the UPR via activation of the PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6 proteins. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of arsenic-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and the role of each UPR pathway in the various cancer types with a focus on the epigenetic regulation and function of the ATF6 protein. The importance of UPR in arsenic carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells is a relatively new area of research that requires additional investigations via various omics-based and computational tools. These approaches will provide interesting insights into the mechanisms of arsenic-induced cancers for prospective target identification and development of novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Wadgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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5
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Ma W, Ahmad SAI, Hashimoto M, Khalilnezhad A, Kataoka M, Arima Y, Tanaka Y, Yanagi S, Umemoto T, Suda T. MITOL deficiency triggers hematopoietic stem cell apoptosis via ER stress response. EMBO J 2024; 43:339-361. [PMID: 38238476 PMCID: PMC10897143 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) divisional fate and function are determined by cellular metabolism, yet the contribution of specific cellular organelles and metabolic pathways to blood maintenance and stress-induced responses in the bone marrow remains poorly understood. The outer mitochondrial membrane-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase MITOL/MARCHF5 (encoded by the Mitol gene) is known to regulate mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interaction and to promote cell survival. Here, we investigated the functional involvement of MITOL in HSC maintenance by generating MX1-cre inducible Mitol knockout mice. MITOL deletion in the bone marrow resulted in HSC exhaustion and impairment of bone marrow reconstitution capability in vivo. Interestingly, MITOL loss did not induce major mitochondrial dysfunction in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In contrast, MITOL deletion induced prolonged ER stress in HSCs, which triggered cellular apoptosis regulated by IRE1α. In line, dampening of ER stress signaling by IRE1α inihibitor KIRA6 partially rescued apoptosis of long-term-reconstituting HSC. In summary, our observations indicate that MITOL is a principal regulator of hematopoietic homeostasis and protects blood stem cells from cell death through its function in ER stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Miho Kataoka
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan.
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 8620811, Japan.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Centre for Translation Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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6
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An Y, Wang X, Guan X, Yuan P, Liu Y, Wei L, Wang F, Qi X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell death in cardiovascular disease. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:158-174. [PMID: 38295944 PMCID: PMC10939083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a vital function in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can trigger various modes of cell death by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. Cell death plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of diseases such as cancer, liver diseases, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure are associated with ER stress. ER stress-mediated cell death is of interest in cardiovascular disease. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence supports the potential of modulating ERS for treating cardiovascular disease. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the UPR signaling pathway, the mechanisms that induce cell death, and the modes of cell death in cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, we discuss the mechanisms of ERS and UPR in common cardiovascular diseases, along with potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan An
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinshuang Wang
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuju Guan
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Qi
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Edirisinghe NM, Manamperi NH, Wanasinghe VS, Karunaweera ND. Unfolded protein response pathway in leishmaniasis: A review. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e13009. [PMID: 37571855 PMCID: PMC10660540 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in the physiological state of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to the specific response known as unfolded protein response (UPR) or ER stress response. The UPR is driven by three sensor proteins, namely: Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1, Protein Kinase RNA-like ER kinase and Activating Transcription Factor 6 to restore ER homeostasis. Pathogenic infection can initiate UPR activation; some pathogens can subvert the UPR to promote their survival and replication. Many intracellular pathogens, including Leishmania, can interact and hijack ER for their survival and replication, triggering ER stress and subsequently ER stress response. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ER stress response in infections with the Leishmania species.
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Deng J, Zhu C, Ma X, Jiang M, Fan D. Ginsenoside F4 Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance by Regulating PTP1B in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14263-14275. [PMID: 37726223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with increasing morbidity. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a major negative regulator of the insulin signaling cascade and has attracted intensive investigation in the T2DM study. Ginseng is widely used to treat metabolic diseases, while the effects of ginsenoside F4 (F4) on T2DM have remained unknown. Here, we identify F4 as an inhibitor of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The results showed that F4 significantly improved the hyperglycemic state of db/db mice, alleviated dyslipidemia, and promoted skeletal muscle glucose uptake. This phenomenon was closely related to the inhibition of the PTP1B activity. On the one hand, the inhibition of PTP1B activity by F4 resulted in increased insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 tyrosine phosphorylation and enhanced insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, F4 as a PTP1B inhibitor inhibited the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1)/recombinant TNF receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway and alleviated skeletal muscle endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thereby reducing IRS-1 serine phosphorylation. Both finally activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and promoted glucose transporter protein 4 translocation to the cell membrane for glucose uptake. Taken together, our experiments demonstrate that F4 activates the insulin signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of PTP1B while inhibiting the IRE-1/TRAF2/JNK signaling pathway, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and alleviating ER stress in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice. Our results indicate that F4 can be used as a PTP1B inhibitor for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xiying Road 76, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710043, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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Nagar P, Sharma P, Dhapola R, Kumari S, Medhi B, HariKrishnaReddy D. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in Alzheimer's disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Life Sci 2023; 330:121983. [PMID: 37524162 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that leads to memory loss and cognitive impairment over time. It is characterized by protein misfolding as well as prolonged cellular stress, such as perturbing calcium homeostasis and redox management. Numerous investigations have proven that endoplasmic reticulum failure may exhibit exacerbation of AD pathogenesis in AD patients, in-vivo and in-vitro models. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) participates in a variety of biological functions including folding of protein, quality control, cholesterol production, and maintenance of calcium balance. A diverse range of physiological, pathological and pharmacological substances can interfere with ER activity and thus lead to exaggeration of ER stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR), an intracellular signaling network is stimulated due to ER stress. Three stress sensors found in the endoplasmic reticulum, the PERK, ATF6, and IRE1 transducers detect protein misfolding in the ER and trigger UPR, a complex system to maintain homeostasis. ER stress is linked to many of the major pathological processes that are seen in AD, including presenilin1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2) gene mutation, tau phosphorylation and β-amyloid formation. The role of ER stress and UPR in the pathophysiology of AD implies that they can be employed as potent therapeutic target. This study shows the relationship between ER and AD and how the pathogenesis of AD is influenced by the impact of ER stress. An effective method for the prevention or treatment of AD may involve therapeutic strategies that modify ER stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushank Nagar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
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Lin S, Long H, Hou L, Zhang M, Ting J, Lin H, Zheng P, Lei W, Yin K, Zhao G. Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1767. [PMID: 36420580 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cells are exposed to various pathological stimulus within the cardiovascular system that challenge cells to adapt and survive. Several of these pathological stimulus alter the normal function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins, thus triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) to cope with the stress or trigger apoptosis of damaged cells. Downstream components of the UPR regulate transcription and translation reprogramming to ensure selective gene expression in response to pathological stimulus, including the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The ncRNAs play crucial roles in regulating transcription and translation, and their aberrant expression is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Notably, ncRNAs and ER stress can modulate each other and synergistically affect the development of CVD. Therefore, studying the interaction between ER stress and ncRNAs is necessary for effective prevention and treatment of CVD. In this review, we discuss the UPR signaling pathway and ncRNAs followed by the interplay regulation of ER stress and ncRNAs in CVD, which provides further insights into the understanding of the pathogenesis of CVD and therapeutic strategies. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Lin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Haijiao Long
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianjie Hou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Jiang Ting
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Haiyue Lin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Pan Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Weixing Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Guojun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
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11
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Bahamondes Lorca VA, Wu S. Ultraviolet Light, Unfolded Protein Response and Autophagy †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:498-508. [PMID: 36591940 DOI: 10.1111/php.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in the regulation of protein synthesis. Alterations in the folding capacity of the ER induce stress, which activates three ER sensors that mediate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Components of the pathways regulated by these sensors have been shown to regulate autophagy. The last corresponds to a mechanism of self-eating and recycling important for proper cell maintenance. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is an external damaging stimulus that is known for inducing oxidative stress, and DNA, lipid and protein damage. Many controversies exist regarding the role of UV-inducing ER stress or autophagy. However, a connection between the three of them has not been addressed. In this review, we will discuss the contradictory theories regarding the relationships between UV radiation with the induction of ER stress and autophagy, as well as hypothetic connections between UV, ER stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A Bahamondes Lorca
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH.,Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH
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12
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Gutiérrez-Ballesteros F, Morales-Reyes J, Fernández D, Geisse A, Arcaya A, Flores-Santibañez F, Bono MR, Osorio F. Normal tissue homeostasis and impairment of selective inflammatory responses in dendritic cells deficient for ATF6α. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1089728. [PMID: 37025177 PMCID: PMC10070697 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1089728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation of adaptive immunity relies on the performance of dendritic cells (DCs), which are specialized leukocytes with professional antigen presenting capabilities. As such, the molecular mechanisms safeguarding DC homeostasis are matter of intense research. Sensors of the unfolded protein response (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum, a three-pronged signaling pathway that maintains the fidelity of the cellular proteome, have emerged as regulators of DC biology. The archetypical example is the IRE1/XBP1s axis, which supports DC development and survival of the conventional type 1 DC (cDC1) subtype. However, the role of additional UPR sensors in DC biology, such as the ATF6α branch, has not been clearly elucidated. Even though Xbp1 is transcriptionally induced by ATF6α under ER stress, it is unclear if cDCs also co-opt the ATF6α branch in tissues. Here, we examine the role of ATF6α in cDC homeostasis in vivo and upon innate stimulation in vitro. In steady state, animals lacking ATF6α in CD11c+ cells (Itgax Cre x Atf6 fl/fl mice) display normal cDC frequencies in spleen, intestine, liver, and lung. Also, ATF6α deficient cDCs express normal levels of Xbp1 mRNA and additional UPR components. However, a reduction of lung monocytes is observed in Itgax Cre x Atf6 fl/fl conditional deficient animals suggesting that ATF6α may play a role in the biology of monocyte subsets. Notably, in settings of DC activation, ATF6α contributes to the production of IL-12 and IL-6 to inflammatory stimuli. Thus, although ATF6α may be dispensable for tissue cDC homeostasis in steady state, the transcription factor plays a role in the acquisition of selective immunogenic features by activated DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Gutiérrez-Ballesteros
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Morales-Reyes
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Fernández
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonia Geisse
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amada Arcaya
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Flores-Santibañez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Immunology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabiola Osorio
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Fabiola Osorio,
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13
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Celik C, Lee SYT, Yap WS, Thibault G. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipids in health and diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101198. [PMID: 36379317 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex and dynamic organelle that regulates many cellular pathways, including protein synthesis, protein quality control, and lipid synthesis. When one or multiple ER roles are dysregulated and saturated, the ER enters a stress state, which, in turn, activates the highly conserved unfolded protein response (UPR). By sensing the accumulation of unfolded proteins or lipid bilayer stress (LBS) at the ER, the UPR triggers pathways to restore ER homeostasis and eventually induces apoptosis if the stress remains unresolved. In recent years, it has emerged that the UPR works intimately with other cellular pathways to maintain lipid homeostasis at the ER, and so does at cellular levels. Lipid distribution, along with lipid anabolism and catabolism, are tightly regulated, in part, by the ER. Dysfunctional and overwhelmed lipid-related pathways, independently or in combination with ER stress, can have reciprocal effects on other cellular functions, contributing to the development of diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the UPR in response to proteotoxic stress and LBS and the breadth of the functions mitigated by the UPR in different tissues and in the context of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Celik
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Sheng Yap
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.
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14
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Hayashi C, Fukuda T, Kawakami K, Toyoda M, Nakao Y, Watanabe Y, Shinjo T, Sano T, Iwashita M, Yotsumoto K, Shida M, Taketomi T, Sanui T, Uchiumi T, Kanematsu T, Nishimura F. miR-1260b inhibits periodontal bone loss by targeting ATF6β mediated regulation of ER stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1061216. [PMID: 36531939 PMCID: PMC9748617 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1061216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression profiles of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated by the microenvironment, and appropriate priming with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one of the strategies to enhance the paracrine potency of MSCs. Our previous work demonstrated that exosomes from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-primed human gingiva-derived MSCs (GMSCs) could be a therapeutic tool against periodontitis, and that TNFα-inducible exosomal miR-1260b is essential for the inhibition of alveolar bone loss. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying miR-1260b-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis is not yet fully understood. Here, we found that the activating transcription factor (ATF)-6β, a novel miR-1260b-targeting gene, is critical for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. An experimental periodontal mouse model demonstrated that induction of ER stress was accompanied by enhanced ATF6β expression, and local administration of miR-1260b and ATF6β siRNA using polyethylenimine nanoparticles (PEI-NPs) significantly suppressed the periodontal bone resorption. In periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, the ER stress inducer, tunicamycin, enhanced the expression of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), while miR-1260b-mediated downregulation of ATF6β caused RANKL inhibition. Furthermore, the secretome from miR-1260b/ATF6β-axis-activated PDL cells inhibited osteoclastogenesis in human CD14+ peripheral blood-derived monocytes. These results indicate that the miR-1260b/ATF6β axis mediates the regulation of ER stress, which may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawakami
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toyoda
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakao
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukari Watanabe
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sano
- Department of Cell Biology, Aging Science, and Pharmacology, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Karen Yotsumoto
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyu Shida
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Taketomi
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cell Biology, Aging Science, and Pharmacology, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Chen M, Liu Y, Yang Y, Qiu Y, Wang Z, Li X, Zhang W. Emerging roles of activating transcription factor (ATF) family members in tumourigenesis and immunity: Implications in cancer immunotherapy. Genes Dis 2022; 9:981-999. [PMID: 35685455 PMCID: PMC9170601 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factors, ATFs, are a group of bZIP transcription factors that act as homodimers or heterodimers with a range of other bZIP factors. In general, ATFs respond to extracellular signals, indicating their important roles in maintaining homeostasis. The ATF family includes ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, and ATF7. Consistent with the diversity of cellular processes reported to be regulated by ATFs, the functions of ATFs are also diverse. ATFs play an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and inflammation-related pathological processes. The expression and phosphorylation status of ATFs are also related to neurodegenerative diseases and polycystic kidney disease. Various miRNAs target ATFs to regulate cancer proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, ATFs are necessary to maintain cell redox homeostasis. Therefore, deepening our understanding of the regulation and function of ATFs will provide insights into the basic regulatory mechanisms that influence how cells integrate extracellular and intracellular signals into genomic responses through transcription factors. Under pathological conditions, especially in cancer biology and response to treatment, the characterization of ATF dysfunction is important for understanding how to therapeutically utilize ATF2 or other pathways controlled by transcription factors. In this review, we will demonstrate how ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, and ATF7 function in promoting or suppressing cancer development and identify their roles in tumour immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenling Zhang
- Corresponding author. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
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16
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The Intertwined Roles of Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050886. [PMID: 35624748 PMCID: PMC9137739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and the burden of the disease continues to grow as the global population ages. Currently, the only treatment option is to lower intraocular pressure. A better understanding of glaucoma pathogenesis will help us to develop novel therapeutic options. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance in redox homeostasis, with reactive oxygen species producing processes overcoming anti-oxidant defensive processes. Oxidative stress works in a synergistic fashion with endoplasmic reticulum stress, to drive glaucomatous damage to trabecular meshwork, retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve head. We discuss the oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and their connections including their key intermediary, calcium. We highlight therapeutic options aimed at disrupting these pathways and discuss their potential role in glaucoma treatment.
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17
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Wadgaonkar P, Bi Z, Wan J, Fu Y, Zhang Q, Almutairy B, Zhang W, Qiu Y, Thakur C, Hüttemann M, Chen F. Arsenic Activates the ER Stress-Associated Unfolded Protein Response via the Activating Transcription Factor 6 in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:967. [PMID: 35625704 PMCID: PMC9139116 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen associated with a number of cancers, including lung cancers. We have previously shown that long-term exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of inorganic arsenic (As3+) leads to the malignant transformation of the BEAS2B cells, and some of the transformed cells show cancer stem-like features (CSCs) with a significant upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In the present report, we investigate the short-term effect of As3+ on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response-the "unfolded protein response (UPR)" and metabolism in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cells. Treatment of the cells with inorganic As3+ upregulated both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Analysis of ER UPR signaling pathway using a real-time human UPR array revealed that As3+ induced a significant up-regulation of some UPR genes, including ATF6, CEBPB, MAPK10, Hsp70, and UBE2G2. Additional tests confirmed that the induction of ATF6, ATF6B and UBE2G2 mRNAs and/or proteins by As3+ is dose dependent. Chromosome immunoprecipitation and global sequencing indicated a critical role of Nrf2 in mediating As3+-induced expression of these UPR genes. In summary, our data suggest that As3+ is able to regulate the ER stress response, possibly through activating the ATF6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Wadgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (Q.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Zhuoyue Bi
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (W.Z.); (Y.Q.); (C.T.)
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (J.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Yao Fu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (W.Z.); (Y.Q.); (C.T.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (Q.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Bandar Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (Q.Z.); (B.A.)
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University, Riyadh P.O. Box 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (W.Z.); (Y.Q.); (C.T.)
| | - Yiran Qiu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (W.Z.); (Y.Q.); (C.T.)
| | - Chitra Thakur
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (W.Z.); (Y.Q.); (C.T.)
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (J.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (Q.Z.); (B.A.)
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (W.Z.); (Y.Q.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101, Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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18
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Mohi-ud-din R, Mir RH, Wani TU, Alsharif KF, Alam W, Albrakati A, Saso L, Khan H. The Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cancer: Special Focuses on Luteolin Patents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082471. [PMID: 35458669 PMCID: PMC9031790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem across the globe, and is expeditiously growing at a faster rate worldwide. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous cell organelle having inextricable links in cellular homeostasis. Altering ER homeostasis initiates various signaling events known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The basic purpose of the UPR is to reinstate the homeostasis; however, a continuous UPR can stimulate pathways of cell death, such as apoptosis. As a result, there is great perturbation to target particular signaling pathways of ER stress. Flavonoids have gained significant interest as a potential anticancer agent because of their considerable role in causing cytotoxicity of the cancerous cells. Luteolin, a flavonoid isolated from natural products, is a promising phytochemical used in the treatment of cancer. The current study is designed to review the different endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways involved in the cancer, mechanistic insights of luteolin as an anticancer agent in modulating ER stress, and the available luteolin patent formulations were also highlighted. The patents were selected on the basis of pre-clinical and/or clinical trials, and established antitumor effects using patent databases of FPO IP and Espacenet. The patented formulation of luteolin studied so far has shown promising anticancer potential against different cancer cell lines. However, further research is still required to determine the molecular targets of such bioactive molecules so that they can be used as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mohi-ud-din
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India
- Correspondence: (R.M.-u.-d.); (H.K.)
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India;
| | - Taha Umair Wani
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India;
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00158 Rome, Italy;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (R.M.-u.-d.); (H.K.)
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a common microvascular complication with a high incidence in diabetic patients, greatly increases the mortality of patients. With further study on DN, it is found that epigenetics plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of DN. Epigenetics has an important impact on the development of DN through a variety of mechanisms, and promotes the generation and maintenance of metabolic memory, thus ultimately leading to a poor prognosis. In this review we discuss the methylation of DNA, modification of histone, and regulation of non-coding RNA involved in the progress of cell dysfunction, inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney, which ultimately lead to the deterioration of DN.
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4963346. [PMID: 34917158 PMCID: PMC8670943 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4963346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is the main cause of increased mortality and disability in cardiovascular diseases. The injury involves many pathological processes, such as oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, inflammation, and energy metabolism disorders, and these pathological stimuli can activate endoplasmic reticulum stress. In the early stage of ischemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress alleviates the injury as an adaptive survival response, but the long-term stress on endoplasmic reticulum amplifies oxidative stress, inflammation, and calcium overload to accelerate cell damage and apoptosis. Therefore, regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress may be a mechanism to improve ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chinese herbal medicine has a long history of clinical application and unique advantages in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases. This review focuses on the effect of Chinese herbal medicine on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury from the perspective of regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Sahin GS, Lee H, Engin F. An accomplice more than a mere victim: The impact of β-cell ER stress on type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101365. [PMID: 34728341 PMCID: PMC8606542 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic β-cells are the insulin factory of an organism with a mission to regulate glucose homeostasis in the body. Due to their high secretory activity, β-cells rely on a functional and intact endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Perturbations to ER homeostasis and unmitigated stress lead to β-cell dysfunction and death. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the autoimmune-mediated destruction of β-cells. Although autoimmunity is an essential component of T1D pathogenesis, accumulating evidence suggests an important role of β-cell ER stress and aberrant unfolded protein response (UPR) in disease initiation and progression. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this article, we introduce ER stress and the UPR, review β-cell ER stress in various mouse models, evaluate its involvement in inflammation, and discuss the effects of ER stress on β-cell plasticity and demise, and islet autoimmunity in T1D. We also highlight the relationship of ER stress with other stress response pathways and provide insight into ongoing clinical studies targeting ER stress and the UPR for the prevention or treatment of T1D. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Evidence from ex vivo studies, in vivo mouse models, and tissue samples from patients suggest that β-cell ER stress and a defective UPR contribute to T1D pathogenesis. Thus, restoration of β-cell ER homeostasis at various stages of disease presents a plausible therapeutic strategy for T1D. Identifying the specific functions and regulation of each UPR sensor in β-cells and uncovering the crosstalk between stressed β-cells and immune cells during T1D progression would provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease process, and may reveal novel targets for development of effective therapies for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcan Semra Sahin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Hugo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Cell & Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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22
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Ramdas Nair A, Lakhiani P, Zhang C, Macchi F, Sadler KC. A permissive epigenetic landscape facilitates distinct transcriptional signatures of activating transcription factor 6 in the liver. Genomics 2021; 114:107-124. [PMID: 34863900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Restoring homeostasis following proteostatic stress hinges on a stress-specific transcriptional signature. How these signatures are regulated is unknown. We use functional genomics to uncover how activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), a central factor in the unfolded protein response, regulates its target genes in response to toxicant induced and physiological stress in the liver. We identified 652 conserved putative ATF6 targets (CPATs), which functioned in metabolism, development and proteostasis. Strikingly, Atf6 activation in the zebrafish liver by transgenic nAtf6 overexpression, ethanol and arsenic exposure resulted in a distinct CPAT signature for each; with only 34 CPATs differentially expressed in all conditions. In contrast, during liver regeneration in mice resulted in a dynamic differential expression pattern of 53% of CPATs. These CPATs were distinguished by residing in open chromatin, H3K4me3 occupancy and the absence of H3K27me3 on their promoters. This suggests that a permissive epigenetic landscape allows stress-specific Atf6 target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Ramdas Nair
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyanka Lakhiani
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chi Zhang
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Filippo Macchi
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kirsten C Sadler
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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23
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Trouvé P, Férec C, Génin E. The Interplay between the Unfolded Protein Response, Inflammation and Infection in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:2980. [PMID: 34831204 PMCID: PMC8616505 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), p.Phe508del is the most frequent mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The p.Phe508del-CFTR protein is retained in the ER and rapidly degraded. This retention likely triggers an atypical Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) involving ATF6, which reduces the expression of p.Phe508del-CFTR. There are still some debates on the role of the UPR in CF: could it be triggered by the accumulation of misfolded CFTR proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum as was proposed for the most common CFTR mutation p.Phe508del? Or, is it the consequence of inflammation and infection that occur in the disease? In this review, we summarize recent findings on UPR in CF and show how infection, inflammation and UPR act together in CF. We propose to rethink their respective role in CF and to consider them as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Trouvé
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (C.F.); (E.G.)
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Liang P, Saqib HSA, Lin Z, Zheng R, Qiu Y, Xie Y, Ma D, Shen Y. RNA-seq analyses of Marine Medaka (Oryzias melastigma) reveals salinity responsive transcriptomes in the gills and livers. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 240:105970. [PMID: 34562875 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing salinity levels in marine and estuarine ecosystems greatly influence developmental, physiological and molecular activities of inhabiting fauna. Marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma), a euryhaline research model, has extraordinary abilities to survive in a wide range of aquatic salinity. To elucidate how marine medaka copes with salinity differences, the responses of Oryzias melastigma after being transferred to different salt concentrations [0 practical salinity units (psu), 15 psu, 30 psu (control), 45 psu] were studied at developmental, histochemical and transcriptome levels in the gill and liver tissues. A greater number of gills differentially expressed genes (DEG) under 0 psu (609) than 15 psu (157) and 45 psu (312), indicating transcriptomic adjustments in gills were more sensitive to the extreme hypotonic environment. A greater number of livers DEGs were observed in 45 psu (1,664) than 0 psu (87) and L15 psu (512), suggesting that liver was more susceptible to hypertonic environment. Further functional analyses of DEGs showed that gills have a more immediate response, mainly in adjusting ion balance, immune and signal transduction. In contrast, DEGs in livers were involved in protein synthesis and processing. We also identified common DEGs in both gill and liver and found they were mostly involved in osmotic regulation of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and steroid biosynthesis. Additionally, salinity stresses showed no significant effects on most developmental and histochemical parameters except increased heartbeat with increasing salinity and decreased glycogen after transferred from stable conditions (30 psu) to other salinity environments. These findings suggested that salinity-stress induced changes in gene expressions could reduce the effects on developmental and histochemical parameters. Overall, this study provides a useful resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms of fish responses to salinity stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Liang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zeyang Lin
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ruping Zheng
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuting Qiu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongna Ma
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yingjia Shen
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Unfolded protein response during cardiovascular disorders: a tilt towards pro-survival and cellular homeostasis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4061-4080. [PMID: 34259975 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that orchestrates the production and proper assembly of an extensive types of secretory and membrane proteins. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is conventionally related to prolonged disruption in the protein folding machinery resulting in the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. This disruption is often manifested due to oxidative stress, Ca2+ leakage, iron imbalance, disease conditions which in turn hampers the cellular homeostasis and induces cellular apoptosis. A mild ER stress is often reverted back to normal. However, cells retaliate to acute ER stress by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) which comprises three signaling pathways, Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), and protein kinase RNA-activated-like ER kinase (PERK). The UPR response participates in both protective and pro-apoptotic responses and not much is known about the mechanistic aspects of the switch from pro-survival to pro-apoptosis. When ER stress outpaces UPR response then cell apoptosis prevails which often leads to the development of various diseases including cardiomyopathies. Therefore, it is important to identify molecules that modulate the UPR that may serve as promising tools towards effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we elucidated the latest advances in construing the contribution imparted by the three arms of UPR to combat the adverse environment in the ER to restore cellular homeostasis during cardiomyopathies. We also summarized the various therapeutic agents that plays crucial role in tilting the UPR response towards pro-survival.
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Gao Y, Hu JH, Liang XD, Chen J, Liu CC, Liu YY, Cheng Y, Go YY, Zhou B. Curcumin inhibits classical swine fever virus replication by interfering with lipid metabolism. Vet Microbiol 2021; 259:109152. [PMID: 34146894 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although previous reports have shown that Curcumin inhibits many viruses, including some important members of different genera of Flaviviridae family (Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus and hepatitis C virus), the antiviral activity of curcumin against Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which belongs to Pestivirus genus, is still unclear. In this study, we found that curcumin inhibited CSFV replication in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on virus adsorption and entry. Furthermore, the results showed that curcumin inhibited the expression of FASN, one of the key enzymes of fatty acid synthesis pathway, thereby, causing the reduction of the production of LDs upon infection. To this end, we detected transcription factor 6 (ATF6), the key factor of regulating lipid metabolism along with other related molecules (CHOP and GPR78) and found that curcumin significantly impaired the gene synthesis of ATF6, while CSFV infection promoted ATF6 expression. Therefore, it is confirmed that curcumin inhibited CSFV replication by interfere lipid metabolism. In addition, our subsequent studies found that curcumin played an antiviral role by promoting the innate immune independent of NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, our finding highlights that curcumin is a potential candidate drug against CSFV for controlling CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Huan Hu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Chun Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Yun Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Young Go
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Huang J, Pan H, Wang J, Wang T, Huo X, Ma Y, Lu Z, Sun B, Jiang H. Unfolded protein response in colorectal cancer. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:26. [PMID: 33514437 PMCID: PMC7844992 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a gastrointestinal malignancy originating from either the colon or the rectum. A growing number of researches prove that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is closely related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. The UPR has three canonical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein sensors: inositol requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), pancreatic ER eIF2α kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Each of the three pathways is closely associated with CRC development. The three pathways are relatively independent as well as interrelated. Under ER stress, the activated UPR boosts the protein folding capacity to maximize cell adaptation and survival, whereas sustained or excessive ER triggers cell apoptosis conversely. The UPR involves different stages of CRC pathogenesis, promotes or hinders the progression of CRC, and will pave the way for novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Meanwhile, the correlation between different signal branches in UPR and the switch between the adaptation and apoptosis pathways still need to be further investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayang Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinge Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & College of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Huo
- Pediatrics Department of The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Bilekova S, Sachs S, Lickert H. Pharmacological Targeting of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pancreatic Beta Cells. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 42:85-95. [PMID: 33353789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease with pandemic dimensions and no pharmacological treatment prevents disease progression. Dedifferentiation has been proposed to be a driver of beta-cell dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Regenerative therapies aim to re-establish function in dysfunctional or dedifferentiated beta cells and restore the defective insulin secretion. Unsustainable levels of insulin production, with increased demand at disease onset, strain the beta-cell secretory machinery, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Unresolved chronic ER stress is a major contributor to beta-cell loss of function and identity. Restoring ER homeostasis, enhancing ER-associated degradation of misfolded protein, and boosting chaperoning activity, are emerging therapeutic approaches for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bilekova
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Sachs
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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29
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Zhao T, Du J, Zeng H. Interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and non-coding RNAs in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:163. [PMID: 33267910 PMCID: PMC7709275 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To survive, cancer cells are subjected to various internal and external adverse factors, including genetic mutations, hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies, and drug toxicity. All of these factors result in the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, which leads to a condition termed endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR downstream components strictly control transcription and translation reprogramming to ensure selective gene expression, including that of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), to adapt to adverse environments. NcRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play important roles in regulating target gene expression and protein translation, and their aberrant expression is related to tumor development. Dysregulation of ncRNAs is involved in the regulation of various cellular characteristics of cancer cells, including growth, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug sensitivity, and tumor stem cell properties. Notably, ncRNAs and ER stress can regulate each other and collaborate to determine the fate of tumor cells. Therefore, investigating the interaction between ER stress and ncRNAs is crucial for developing effective cancer treatment and prevention strategies. In this review, we summarize the ER stress-triggered UPR signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis followed by the mutual regulation of ER stress and ncRNAs in cancer, which provide further insights into the understanding of tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Grandjean JMD, Wiseman RL. Small molecule strategies to harness the unfolded protein response: where do we go from here? J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15692-15711. [PMID: 32887796 PMCID: PMC7667976 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a central role in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and global cellular physiology in response to pathologic ER stress. The UPR is comprised of three signaling pathways activated downstream of the ER membrane proteins IRE1, ATF6, and PERK. Once activated, these proteins initiate transcriptional and translational signaling that functions to alleviate ER stress, adapt cellular physiology, and dictate cell fate. Imbalances in UPR signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous, etiologically-diverse diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases, protein misfolding diseases, diabetes, ischemic disorders, and cancer. This has led to significant interest in establishing pharmacologic strategies to selectively modulate IRE1, ATF6, or PERK signaling to both ameliorate pathologic imbalances in UPR signaling implicated in these different diseases and define the importance of the UPR in diverse cellular and organismal contexts. Recently, there has been significant progress in the identification and characterization of UPR modulating compounds, providing new opportunities to probe the pathologic and potentially therapeutic implications of UPR signaling in human disease. Here, we describe currently available UPR modulating compounds, specifically highlighting the strategies used for their discovery and specific advantages and disadvantages in their application for probing UPR function. Furthermore, we discuss lessons learned from the application of these compounds in cellular and in vivo models to identify favorable compound properties that can help drive the further translational development of selective UPR modulators for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M D Grandjean
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
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31
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Zhu B. Decoding the function and regulation of the mammalian 12-h clock. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:752-758. [PMID: 32384155 PMCID: PMC7816679 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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32
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Fu J, Tao T, Li Z, Chen Y, Li J, Peng L. The roles of ER stress in epilepsy: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110658. [PMID: 32841895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are a diverse group of neurological disorders, which are characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures. Although a wide range of pathogenic mechanisms such as alterations in ion channels, inflammation and neuronal loss have been reported to be implicated in the epileptogenesis, the underlying pathogenesis of epilepsy remains unclear currently. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is regarded as a condition that unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen. Excessive or prolonged ER stress causes the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to buffer ER stress and restore ER homeostasis. Increasing evidence has indicated dysregulated ER stress during epileptogenesis, which may participate in various pathological processes associated with epilepsy. In this present review, we summarized recent advances in the involvement of ER stress in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Additionally, the antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects of interventions targeting ER stress were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zuoxiao Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jinglun Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Lilei Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Intestinal Immune Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Perspective on Intracellular Response Mechanisms. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves perturbation of intestinal immune homeostasis in genetically susceptible individuals. A mutual interplay between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and gut resident microbes maintains a homeostatic environment across the gut. An idiopathic gastrointestinal (GI) complication triggers aberrant physiological stress in the epithelium and peripheral myeloid cells, leading to a chronic inflammatory condition. Indeed, events in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria contribute to orchestrating intracellular mechanisms such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and oxidative stress, respectively, to resolve aberrant cellular stress. This review highlights the signaling cascades encrypted within ER and mitochondria in IECs and/or myeloid cells to dissipate chronic stress in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Dash S, Aydin Y, Wu T. Integrated stress response in hepatitis C promotes Nrf2-related chaperone-mediated autophagy: A novel mechanism for host-microbe survival and HCC development in liver cirrhosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 101:20-35. [PMID: 31386899 PMCID: PMC7007355 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism(s) how liver damage during the chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection evolve into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. HCV infects hepatocyte, the major cell types in the liver. During infection, large amounts of viral proteins and RNA replication intermediates accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the infected hepatocyte, which creates a substantial amount of stress response. Infected hepatocyte activates a different type of stress adaptive mechanisms such as unfolded protein response (UPR), antioxidant response (AR), and the integrated stress response (ISR) to promote virus-host cell survival. The hepatic stress is also amplified by another layer of innate and inflammatory response associated with cellular sensing of virus infection through the production of interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokines. The interplay between various types of cellular stress signal leads to different forms of cell death such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy depending on the intensity of the stress and nature of the adaptive cellular response. How do the adaptive cellular responses decode such death programs that promote host-microbe survival leading to the establishment of chronic liver disease? In this review, we discuss how the adaptive cellular response through the Nrf2 pathway that promotes virus and cell survival. Furthermore, we provide a glimpse of novel stress-induced Nrf2 mediated compensatory autophagy mechanisms in virus-cell survival that degrade tumor suppressor gene and activation of oncogenic signaling during HCV infection. Based on these facts, we hypothesize that the balance between hepatic stress, inflammation and different types of cell death determines liver disease progression outcomes. We propose that a more nuanced understanding of virus-host interactions under excessive cellular stress may provide an answer to the fundamental questions why some individuals with chronic HCV infection remain at risk of developing cirrhosis, cancer and some do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Yucel Aydin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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35
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Lee EJ, Chiang WCJ, Kroeger H, Bi CX, Chao DL, Skowronska-Krawczyk D, Mastey RR, Tsang SH, Chea L, Kim K, Lambert SR, Grandjean JM, Baumann B, Audo I, Kohl S, Moore AT, Wiseman RL, Carroll J, Lin JH. Multiexon deletion alleles of ATF6 linked to achromatopsia. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136041. [PMID: 32271167 PMCID: PMC7205249 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromatopsia (ACHM) is an autosomal recessive disease that results in severe visual loss. Symptoms of ACHM include impaired visual acuity, nystagmus, and photoaversion starting from infancy; furthermore, ACHM is associated with bilateral foveal hypoplasia and absent or severely reduced cone photoreceptor function on electroretinography. Here, we performed genetic sequencing in 3 patients from 2 families with ACHM, identifying and functionally characterizing 2 mutations in the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) gene. We identified a homozygous deletion covering exons 8-14 of the ATF6 gene from 2 siblings from the same family. In another patient from a different family, we identified a heterozygous deletion covering exons 2 and 3 of the ATF6 gene found in trans with a previously identified ATF6 c.970C>T (p.Arg324Cys) ACHM disease allele. Recombinant ATF6 proteins bearing these exon deletions showed markedly impaired transcriptional activity by qPCR and RNA-Seq analysis compared with WT-ATF6. Finally, RNAscope revealed that ATF6 and the related ATF6B transcripts were expressed in cones as well as in all retinal layers in normal human retina. Overall, our data identify loss-of-function ATF6 disease alleles that cause human foveal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, and
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wei-Chieh Jerry Chiang
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Heike Kroeger
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca R. Mastey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leon Chea
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kyle Kim
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Scott R. Lambert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julia M.D. Grandjean
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Britta Baumann
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, Paris, France
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anthony T. Moore
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Glembotski CC, Arrieta A, Blackwood EA, Stauffer WT. ATF6 as a Nodal Regulator of Proteostasis in the Heart. Front Physiol 2020; 11:267. [PMID: 32322217 PMCID: PMC7156617 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis encompasses a homeostatic cellular network in all cells that maintains the integrity of the proteome, which is critical for optimal cellular function. The components of the proteostasis network include protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. Cardiac myocytes have a specialized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) called the sarcoplasmic reticulum that is well known for its role in contractile calcium handling. However, less studied is the proteostasis network associated with the ER, which is of particular importance in cardiac myocytes because it ensures the integrity of proteins that are critical for cardiac contraction, e.g., ion channels, as well as proteins necessary for maintaining myocyte viability and interaction with other cell types, e.g., secreted hormones and growth factors. A major aspect of the ER proteostasis network is the ER unfolded protein response (UPR), which is initiated when misfolded proteins in the ER activate a group of three ER transmembrane proteins, one of which is the transcription factor, ATF6. Prior to studies in the heart, ATF6 had been shown in model cell lines to be primarily adaptive, exerting protective effects by inducing genes that encode ER proteins that fortify protein-folding in this organelle, thus establishing the canonical role for ATF6. Subsequent studies in isolated cardiac myocytes and in the myocardium, in vivo, have expanded roles for ATF6 beyond the canonical functions to include the induction of genes that encode proteins outside of the ER that do not have known functions that are obviously related to ER protein-folding. The identification of such non-canonical roles for ATF6, as well as findings that the gene programs induced by ATF6 differ depending on the stimulus, have piqued interest in further research on ATF6 as an adaptive effector in cardiac myocytes, underscoring the therapeutic potential of activating ATF6 in the heart. Moreover, discoveries of small molecule activators of ATF6 that adaptively affect the heart, as well as other organs, in vivo, have expanded the potential for development of ATF6-based therapeutics. This review focuses on the ATF6 arm of the ER UPR and its effects on the proteostasis network in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Glembotski
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Adrian Arrieta
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Erik A Blackwood
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Winston T Stauffer
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
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Mohammed Thangameeran SI, Tsai ST, Hung HY, Hu WF, Pang CY, Chen SY, Liew HK. A Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030750. [PMID: 32204394 PMCID: PMC7140640 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle that performs multiple functions, such as lipid biosynthesis, protein folding, and maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. Thus, conditions wherein the ER is unable to fold proteins is defined as ER stress, and an inbuilt quality control mechanism, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), is activated during ER stress, which serves as a recovery system that inhibits protein synthesis. Further, based on the severity of ER stress, the response could involve both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic phases. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of cerebral stroke and many lines of evidence have suggested a role for the ER in major neurological disorders. The injury mechanism during ICH includes hematoma formation, which in turn leads to inflammation, elevated intracranial pressure, and edema. A proper understanding of the injury mechanism(s) is required to effectively treat ICH and closing the gap between our current understanding of ER stress mechanisms and ICH injury can lead to valuable advances in the clinical management of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng-Tzung Tsai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (S.I.M.T.); (S.-T.T.); (C.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yi Hung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fen Hu
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (S.I.M.T.); (S.-T.T.); (C.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.C.)
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- CardioVascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (S.I.M.T.); (S.-T.T.); (C.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Hock-Kean Liew
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- CardioVascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-3-856-1825 (ext. 15911); Fax: +886-3-8560-2019
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Jaud M, Philippe C, Di Bella D, Tang W, Pyronnet S, Laurell H, Mazzolini L, Rouault-Pierre K, Touriol C. Translational Regulations in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cancers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030540. [PMID: 32111004 PMCID: PMC7140484 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During carcinogenesis, almost all the biological processes are modified in one way or another. Among these biological processes affected, anomalies in protein synthesis are common in cancers. Indeed, cancer cells are subjected to a wide range of stresses, which include physical injuries, hypoxia, nutrient starvation, as well as mitotic, oxidative or genotoxic stresses. All of these stresses will cause the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), which is a major organelle that is involved in protein synthesis, preservation of cellular homeostasis, and adaptation to unfavourable environment. The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum causes stress triggering an unfolded protein response in order to promote cell survival or to induce apoptosis in case of chronic stress. Transcription and also translational reprogramming are tightly controlled during the unfolded protein response to ensure selective gene expression. The majority of stresses, including ER stress, induce firstly a decrease in global protein synthesis accompanied by the induction of alternative mechanisms for initiating the translation of mRNA, later followed by a translational recovery. After a presentation of ER stress and the UPR response, we will briefly present the different modes of translation initiation, then address the specific translational regulatory mechanisms acting during reticulum stress in cancers and highlight the importance of translational control by ER stress in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jaud
- Inserm UMR1037, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), F-31037 Toulouse, France; (M.J.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Céline Philippe
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (W.T.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Doriana Di Bella
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (W.T.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (W.T.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- Inserm UMR1037, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), F-31037 Toulouse, France; (M.J.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Henrik Laurell
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
- Inserm UMR1048, I2MC (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), BP 84225, CEDEX 04, 31 432 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Mazzolini
- Inserm UMR1037, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), F-31037 Toulouse, France; (M.J.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
- CNRS ERL5294, CRCT, F-31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (W.T.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Christian Touriol
- Inserm UMR1037, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), F-31037 Toulouse, France; (M.J.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence:
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Sledgehammer to Scalpel: Broad Challenges to the Heart and Other Tissues Yield Specific Cellular Responses via Transcriptional Regulation of the ER-Stress Master Regulator ATF6α. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031134. [PMID: 32046286 PMCID: PMC7037772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than 2000 transcription factors in eukaryotes, many of which are subject to complex mechanisms fine-tuning their activity and their transcriptional programs to meet the vast array of conditions under which cells must adapt to thrive and survive. For example, conditions that impair protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), sometimes called ER stress, elicit the relocation of the ER-transmembrane protein, activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), to the Golgi, where it is proteolytically cleaved. This generates a fragment of ATF6α that translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates numerous genes that restore ER protein-folding capacity but is degraded soon after. Thus, upon ER stress, ATF6α is converted from a stable, transmembrane protein, to a rapidly degraded, nuclear protein that is a potent transcription factor. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms governing ATF6α location, activity, and stability, as well as the transcriptional programs ATF6α regulates, whether canonical genes that restore ER protein-folding or unexpected, non-canonical genes affecting cellular functions beyond the ER. Moreover, we will review fascinating roles for an ATF6α isoform, ATF6β, which has a similar mode of activation but, unlike ATF6α, is a long-lived, weak transcription factor that may moderate the genetic effects of ATF6α.
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40
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Deactivation and mislocalization of Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 18 induced by a single amino acid mutation on the proton transport catalytic aspartic acid. Microbiol Res 2020; 230:126352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Functional Diversification of ER Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 45:123-136. [PMID: 31753702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the synthesis of one-third of the cellular proteome and is constantly challenged by physiological and environmental situations that can perturb its homeostasis and lead to the accumulation of misfolded secretory proteins, a condition referred to as ER stress. In response, the ER evokes a set of intracellular signaling processes, collectively known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which are designed to restore biosynthetic capacity of the ER. As single-cell organisms evolved into multicellular life, the UPR complexity has increased to suit their growth and development. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the UPR, emphasizing conserved UPR elements between plants and metazoans and highlighting unique plant-specific features.
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Glembotski CC, Rosarda JD, Wiseman RL. Proteostasis and Beyond: ATF6 in Ischemic Disease. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:538-550. [PMID: 31078432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a pathological hallmark of numerous ischemic diseases, including stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). In these diseases, ER stress leads to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and subsequent adaptation of cellular physiology in ways that dictate cellular fate following ischemia. Recent evidence highlights a protective role for the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) arm of the UPR in mitigating adverse outcomes associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in multiple disease models. This suggests ATF6 as a potential therapeutic target for intervening in diverse ischemia-related disorders. Here, we discuss the evidence demonstrating the importance of ATF6 signaling in protecting different tissues against ischemic damage and discuss preclinical results focused on defining the potential for pharmacologically targeting ATF6 to intervene in such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Glembotski
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jessica D Rosarda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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43
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Emerging Roles of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050631. [PMID: 31064137 PMCID: PMC6562633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis is often altered in tumor cells due to intrinsic (oncogene expression, aneuploidy) and extrinsic (environmental) challenges. ER stress triggers the activation of an adaptive response named the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), leading to protein translation repression, and to the improvement of ER protein folding and clearance capacity. The UPR is emerging as a key player in malignant transformation and tumor growth, impacting on most hallmarks of cancer. As such, the UPR can influence cancer cells’ migration and invasion properties. In this review, we overview the involvement of the UPR in cancer progression. We discuss its cross-talks with the cell migration and invasion machinery. Specific aspects will be covered including extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, modification of cell adhesion, chemo-attraction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), modulation of signaling pathways associated with cell mobility, and cytoskeleton remodeling. The therapeutic potential of targeting the UPR to treat cancer will also be considered with specific emphasis in the impact on metastasis and tissue invasion.
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Wei J, Wu X, Luo P, Yue K, Yu Y, Pu J, Zhang L, Dai S, Han D, Fei Z. Homer1a Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Stress After Ischemic Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting the PERK Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:101. [PMID: 30930751 PMCID: PMC6428733 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homer1a is the short form of a scaffold protein that plays a protective role in many forms of stress. However, the role of Homer1a in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its potential mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we found that Homer1a was upregulated by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and that overexpression of Homer1a alleviated OGD-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and cell death in cultured cortical neurons. After OGD treatment, the overexpression of Homer1a preserved mitochondrial function, as evidenced by less cytochrome c release, less reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, less ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, less caspase-9 activation, and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress confirmed by the decreased expression of phosphate-PKR-like ER Kinase (p-PERK)/PERK and phosphate- inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (p-IRE1)/IRE1 and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. In addition, mitochondrial protection of Homer1a was blocked by the ER stress activator Tunicamycin (TM) with a re-escalated ROS level, increasing ATP and MMP loss. Furthermore, Homer1a overexpression-induced mitochondrial stress attenuation was significantly reversed by activating the PERK pathway with TM and p-IRE1 inhibitor 3,5-dibromosalicylaldehyde (DBSA), as evidenced by increased cytochrome c release, increased ATP loss and a higher ROS level. However, activating the IRE1 pathway with TM and p-PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 showed little change in cytochrome c release and exhibited a moderate upgrade of ATP loss and ROS production in neurons. In summary, these findings demonstrated that Homer1a protects against OGD-induced injury by preserving mitochondrial function through inhibiting the PERK pathway. Our finding may reveal a promising target of protecting neurons from cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Health Services, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangyi Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingnan Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuhui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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45
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Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marzagalli M, Fontana F, Raimondi M, Montagnani Marelli M. Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Anticancer Activity of Natural Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040961. [PMID: 30813301 PMCID: PMC6412802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a serious global health problem, and its incidence and mortality are rapidly growing worldwide. One of the main causes of the failure of an anticancer treatment is the development of drug resistance by cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs characterized by better pharmacological and toxicological profiles. Natural compounds can represent an optimal collection of bioactive molecules. Many natural compounds have been proven to possess anticancer effects in different types of tumors, but often the molecular mechanisms associated with their cytotoxicity are not completely understood. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle involved in multiple cellular processes. Alteration of ER homeostasis and its appropriate functioning originates a cascade of signaling events known as ER stress response or unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR pathways involve three different sensors (protein kinase RNA(PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol requiring enzyme1α (IRE1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)) residing on the ER membranes. Although the main purpose of UPR is to restore this organelle's homeostasis, a persistent UPR can trigger cell death pathways such as apoptosis. There is a growing body of evidence showing that ER stress may play a role in the cytotoxicity of many natural compounds. In this review we present an overview of different plant-derived natural compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, green tea polyphenols, tocotrienols, and garcinia derivates, that exert their anticancer activity via ER stress modulation in different human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Roberta M Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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46
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Correll RN, Grimes KM, Prasad V, Lynch JM, Khalil H, Molkentin JD. Overlapping and differential functions of ATF6α versus ATF6β in the mouse heart. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2059. [PMID: 30765833 PMCID: PMC6375966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic stress on the mammalian heart results in compensatory hypertrophy and activation of the unfolded protein response through activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α) in cardiac myocytes, but the roles of ATF6α or the related transcription factor ATF6β in regulating this hypertrophic response are not well-understood. Here we examined the effects of loss of ATF6α or ATF6β on the cardiac response to pressure overload. Mice gene-deleted for Atf6 or Atf6b were subjected to 2 weeks of transverse aortic constriction, and each showed a significant reduction in hypertrophy with reduced expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated proteins compared with controls. However, with long-term pressure overload both Atf6 and Atf6b null mice showed enhanced decompensation typified by increased heart weight, pulmonary edema and reduced function compared to control mice. Our subsequent studies using cardiac-specific transgenic mice expressing the transcriptionally active N-terminus of ATF6α or ATF6β revealed that these factors control overlapping gene expression networks that include numerous ER protein chaperones and ER associated degradation components. This work reveals previously unappreciated roles for ATF6α and ATF6β in regulating the pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophic response and in controlling the expression of genes that condition the ER during hemodynamic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Correll
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Kelly M Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Hadi Khalil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.
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47
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Chen YH, He JG. Effects of environmental stress on shrimp innate immunity and white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:744-755. [PMID: 30393174 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The shrimp aquaculture industry is plagued by disease. Due to the lack of deep understanding of the relationship between innate immune mechanism and environmental adaptation mechanism, it is difficult to prevent and control the diseases of shrimp. The shrimp innate immune system has received much recent attention, and the functions of the humoral immune response and the cellular immune response have been preliminarily characterized. The role of environmental stress in shrimp disease has also been investigated recently, attempting to clarify the interactions among the innate immune response, the environmental stress response, and disease. Both the innate immune response and the environmental stress response have a complex relationship with shrimp diseases. Although these systems are important safeguards, allowing shrimp to adapt to adverse environments and resist infection, some pathogens, such as white spot syndrome virus, hijack these host systems. As shrimp lack an adaptive immune system, immunization therapy cannot be used to prevent and control shrimp disease. However, shrimp diseases can be controlled using ecological techniques. These techniques, which are based on the innate immune response and the environmental stress response, significantly reduce the impact of shrimp diseases. The object of this review is to summarize the recent research on shrimp environmental adaptation mechanisms, innate immune response mechanisms, and the relationship between these systems. We also suggest some directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering in Guangdong Province/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering in Guangdong Province/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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Gáll T, Pethő D, Nagy A, Hendrik Z, Méhes G, Potor L, Gram M, Åkerström B, Smith A, Nagy P, Balla G, Balla J. Heme Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (HIER Stress) in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1595. [PMID: 30515102 PMCID: PMC6255930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins resulted from oxidative protein modification induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating the pathways of unfolded protein response. In pathologic hemolytic conditions, extracellular free hemoglobin is submitted to rapid oxidation causing heme release. Resident cells of atherosclerotic lesions, after intraplaque hemorrhage, are exposed to heme leading to oxidative injury. Therefore, we raised the question whether heme can also provoke ER stress. Smooth muscle cells are one of the key players of atherogenesis; thus, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were selected as a model cell to reveal the possible link between heme and ER stress. Using immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, we quantitated the markers of ER stress. These were: phosphorylated eIF2α, Activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (also known as C/EBP homology protein, termed CHOP), X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), Activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) and heme responsive genes heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on human carotid artery specimens from patients who had undergone carotid endarterectomy. We demonstrate that heme increases the phosphorylation of eiF2α in HAoSMCs and the expression of ATF4. Heme also enhances the splicing of XBP1 and the proteolytic cleavage of ATF6. Consequently, there is up-regulation of target genes increasing both mRNA and protein levels of CHOP and GRP78. However, TGFβ and collagen type I decreased. When the heme binding proteins, alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) and hemopexin (Hpx) are present in cell media, the ER stress provoked by heme is inhibited. ER stress pathways are also retarded by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) indicating that reactive oxygen species are involved in heme-induced ER stress. Consistent with these findings, elevated expression of the ER stress marker GRP78 and CHOP were observed in smooth muscle cells of complicated lesions with hemorrhage compared to either atheromas or healthy arteries. In conclusion, heme triggers ER stress in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HAoSMCs. A1M and Hpx as well as NAC effectively hamper heme-induced ER stress, supporting their use as a potential therapeutic approach to reverse such a deleterious effects of heme toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamária Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hendrik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Potor
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Kong DQ, Li L, Liu Y, Zheng GY. Association between endoplasmic reticulum stress and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1704-1710. [PMID: 30364130 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and challenging ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. As a chronic, progressive ocular disease that poses a serious threat to vision, DR has gradually become a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Emerging evidence points to an important role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in not only maintaining the steady-state equilibrium in the body, but also in intracellular synthesis, protein folding, and other essential functions. Recent studies have demonstrated clear associations between ER stress-related physiological functions and the pathogenesis of DR. When cells are stimulated by external stimuli, UPR pathway is activated firstly to protect it. However, long-term harmful factors can induce ER stress. which interferes with the physiological metabolism of retinal cells and participates in the occurrence of DR via the ATF6 pathway, PERK pathway and IRE1 pathway. At present, ER stress blocker is expected to become a new anti-DR therapy. Thus, understanding the relationship between ER stress and DR will help to develop new effective preventative treatments. In this review, we summarize the risk factors of DR pathogenesis induced by ER stress toward revealing potentially new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qian Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Guang-Ying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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50
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Danilova T, Lindahl M. Emerging Roles for Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF) in Pancreatic Beta Cells and Diabetes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1457. [PMID: 30386256 PMCID: PMC6198132 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) was originally identified as a secreted trophic factor for dopamine neurons in vitro. It protects and restores damaged cells in rodent models of Parkinson's disease, brain and heart ischemia, spinocerebellar ataxia and retina in vivo. However, its exact mechanism of action is not known. MANF is widely expressed in most human and mouse organs with high levels in secretory tissues. Intracellularly, MANF localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER stress increases it's expression in cells and tissues. Furthermore, increased MANF levels has been detected in the sera of young children with newly diagnosed Type 1 (T1D) diabetes and Type 2 (T2D) diabetic patients. ER stress is caused by the accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins in the ER. It activates a cellular defense mechanism, the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling cascade trying to restore ER homeostasis. However, if prolonged, unresolved ER stress leads to apoptosis. Unresolved ER stress contributes to the progressive death of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells in both T1D and T2D. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, caused by the inability of the beta cells to maintain sufficient levels of circulating insulin. The current medications, insulin and antidiabetic drugs, alleviate diabetic symptoms but cannot reconstitute physiological insulin secretion which increases the risk of devastating vascular complications of the disease. Thus, one of the main strategies in improving current diabetes therapy is to define and validate novel approaches to protect beta cells from stress as well as activate their regeneration. Embryonic deletion of the Manf gene in mice led to gradual postnatal development of insulin-deficient diabetes caused by reduced beta cell proliferation and increased beta cell death due to increased and sustained ER stress. In vitro, recombinant MANF partly protected mouse and human beta cells from ER stress-induced beta cell death and potentiated mouse and human beta cell proliferation. Importantly, in vivo overexpression of MANF in the pancreas of T1D mice led to increased beta cell proliferation and decreased beta cell death, suggesting that MANF could be a new therapeutic candidate for beta cell protection and regeneration in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Danilova
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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