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Karakousi T, Mudianto T, Lund AW. Lymphatic vessels in the age of cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:363-381. [PMID: 38605228 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic transport maintains homeostatic health and is necessary for immune surveillance, and yet lymphatic growth is often associated with solid tumour development and dissemination. Although tumour-associated lymphatic remodelling and growth were initially presumed to simply expand a passive route for regional metastasis, emerging research puts lymphatic vessels and their active transport at the interface of metastasis, tumour-associated inflammation and systemic immune surveillance. Here, we discuss active mechanisms through which lymphatic vessels shape their transport function to influence peripheral tissue immunity and the current understanding of how tumour-associated lymphatic vessels may both augment and disrupt antitumour immune surveillance. We end by looking forward to emerging areas of interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy in which lymphatic vessels and their transport function are likely key players: the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures, immune surveillance in the central nervous system, the microbiome, obesity and ageing. The lessons learnt support a working framework that defines the lymphatic system as a key determinant of both local and systemic inflammatory networks and thereby a crucial player in the response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllia Karakousi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tenny Mudianto
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Mondal DK, Xie C, Pascal GJ, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. Decorin suppresses tumor lymphangiogenesis: A mechanism to curtail cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317760121. [PMID: 38652741 PMCID: PMC11067011 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317760121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex interplay between malignant cells and the cellular and molecular components of the tumor stroma is a key aspect of cancer growth and development. These tumor-host interactions are often affected by soluble bioactive molecules such as proteoglycans. Decorin, an archetypical small leucine-rich proteoglycan primarily expressed by stromal cells, affects cancer growth in its soluble form by interacting with several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Overall, decorin leads to a context-dependent and protracted cessation of oncogenic RTK activity by attenuating their ability to drive a prosurvival program and to sustain a proangiogenic network. Through an unbiased transcriptomic analysis using deep RNAseq, we identified that decorin down-regulated a cluster of tumor-associated genes involved in lymphatic vessel (LV) development when systemically delivered to mice harboring breast carcinoma allografts. We found that Lyve1 and Podoplanin, two established markers of LVs, were markedly suppressed at both the mRNA and protein levels, and this suppression correlated with a significant reduction in tumor LVs. We further identified that soluble decorin, but not its homologous proteoglycan biglycan, inhibited LV sprouting in an ex vivo 3D model of lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that decorin interacted with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3), the main lymphatic RTK, and its activity was required for the decorin-mediated block of lymphangiogenesis. Finally, we identified that Lyve1 was in part degraded via decorin-evoked autophagy in a nutrient- and energy-independent manner. These findings implicate decorin as a biological factor with antilymphangiogenic activity and provide a potential therapeutic agent for curtailing breast cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipon K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Gabriel J. Pascal
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
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3
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Yang Y, Pan X, Chen S. Effect of Semaglutide and Empagliflozin on Pulmonary Structure and Proteomics in Obese Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1217-1233. [PMID: 38496002 PMCID: PMC10942255 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s456336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study utilized proteomics to investigate changes in protein expression associated with lung health in obese mice exposed to semaglutide and empagliflozin through a high-fat diet. Methods Twenty-eight male C57BL/6JC mice were randomly assigned to two groups: a control diet group (n = 7) and a high-fat diet group (n = 21). The HFD group was further divided into three groups: HFD group (n = 7), Sema group (n = 7), and Empa group (n = 7). Post-treatment, mice underwent assessments including glucose tolerance, lipids, oxidative stress markers, body weight, lung weight, and structure. Proteomics identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in lung tissue, and bioinformatics analyzed the biological processes and functions of these proteins. Results Semaglutide and empagliflozin significantly attenuated obesity-induced hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response, and can decrease alveolar wall thickness, enlarge alveolar lumen, and reduce collagen content in lung tissue. Both medications also attenuated lung elastic fibre cracking and disintegration. In the HFD/NCD group, there were 66 DEPs, comprising 30 proteins that were increased and 36 that were decreased. Twenty-three DEPs overlapped between Sema/HFD and Empa/HFD, with 11 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated simultaneously. After analysing DEPs in different groups, four proteins - LYVE1, BRAF, RGCC, and CHMP5 - were all downregulated in the HFD group and upregulated by semaglutide and empagliflozin treatment. Conclusion This study demonstrates that obesity induced by a high-fat diet causes a reduction in the expression of LYVE1, BRAF, RGCC, and CHMP5 proteins, potentially affecting lung function and structure in mice. Significantly, the administration of semaglutide and empagliflozin elevates the levels of these proteins, potentially offering therapeutic benefits against lung injury caused by obesity. Merging semaglutide with empagliflozin may exert a more pronounced impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Pesold VV, Wendler O, Gröhn F, Mueller SK. Lymphatic Vessels in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:865-880. [PMID: 38348276 PMCID: PMC10860572 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s436450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the nasal lymphatic system in order to uncover novel factors that might be involved in pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Patients and Methods Lymphatic vessels (LVs) and macrophages were localized and counted in the inferior and middle turbinate, the uncinate process and the ethmoid of CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients, the NP and the inferior turbinate of controls (n≥6 per group). Lysates of the same tissue types (n=7 per group) were analyzed for lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE-1), for matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) and for Hyaluronic acid (HA) using ELISA. HA was localized in sections of CRSwNP NP, CRSsNP ethmoid and control inferior turbinate (n=6 per group). The results of HA levels were correlated to the number of macrophages in tissues. The nasal secretions of CRSwNP (n=28), CRSsNP (n=30), and control (n=30) patients were analyzed for LYVE-1 and HA using ELISA. Results The number of LVs was significantly lower in tissues of both CRS groups compared to the control. In the tissue lysates, LYVE-1 expression differed significantly between the CRSwNP tissues with a particularly high level in the NP. MMP-14 was significantly overexpressed in CRSwNP uncinate process. There were no significant differences in tissue HA expression. In the mucus LYVE-1 was significantly underexpressed in CRSsNP compared to CRSwNP and control, while HA was significantly underexpressed in both CRS groups. In the NP, HA and macrophages were accumulated particularly below the epithelium. Tissue levels of HA revealed a significant positive correlation with the number of macrophages. Conclusion CRS might be associated with an insufficient clearing of the nasal mucosa through the lymphatics. The accumulation of HA and macrophages might promote inflammation, fluid retention, and polyp formation. These results may provide novel CRS-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa-Vivien Pesold
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, BY, Germany
| | - Olaf Wendler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, BY, Germany
| | - Franziska Gröhn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, BY, Germany
| | - Sarina K Mueller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, BY, Germany
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Femel J, Hill C, Illa Bochaca I, Booth JL, Asnaashari TG, Steele MM, Moshiri AS, Do H, Zhong J, Osman I, Leachman SA, Tsujikawa T, White KP, Chang YH, Lund AW. Quantitative multiplex immunohistochemistry reveals inter-patient lymphovascular and immune heterogeneity in primary cutaneous melanoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328602. [PMID: 38361951 PMCID: PMC10867179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Quantitative, multiplexed imaging is revealing complex spatial relationships between phenotypically diverse tumor infiltrating leukocyte populations and their prognostic implications. The underlying mechanisms and tissue structures that determine leukocyte distribution within and around tumor nests, however, remain poorly understood. While presumed players in metastatic dissemination, new preclinical data demonstrates that blood and lymphatic vessels (lymphovasculature) also dictate leukocyte trafficking within tumor microenvironments and thereby impact anti-tumor immunity. Here we interrogate these relationships in primary human cutaneous melanoma. Methods We established a quantitative, multiplexed imaging platform to simultaneously detect immune infiltrates and tumor-associated vessels in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded patient samples. We performed a discovery, retrospective analysis of 28 treatment-naïve, primary cutaneous melanomas. Results Here we find that the lymphvasculature and immune infiltrate is heterogenous across patients in treatment naïve, primary melanoma. We categorized five lymphovascular subtypes that differ by functionality and morphology and mapped their localization in and around primary tumors. Interestingly, the localization of specific vessel subtypes, but not overall vessel density, significantly associated with the presence of lymphoid aggregates, regional progression, and intratumoral T cell infiltrates. Discussion We describe a quantitative platform to enable simultaneous lymphovascular and immune infiltrate analysis and map their spatial relationships in primary melanoma. Our data indicate that tumor-associated vessels exist in different states and that their localization may determine potential for metastasis or immune infiltration. This platform will support future efforts to map tumor-associated lymphovascular evolution across stage, assess its prognostic value, and stratify patients for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Femel
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Cameron Hill
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Irineu Illa Bochaca
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jamie L. Booth
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tina G. Asnaashari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Maria M. Steele
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ata S. Moshiri
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hyungrok Do
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Judy Zhong
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Iman Osman
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sancy A. Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Takahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kevin P. White
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Young H. Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Xu Z, Lu Q, Chen L, Ruan C, Bai Y, Zou Y, Ge J. Role of Lymphangiogenesis in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2023; 19:37-46. [PMID: 38028969 PMCID: PMC10655763 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This article highlights the importance of the structure and function of cardiac lymphatics in cardiovascular diseases and the therapeutic potential of cardiac lymphangiogenesis. Specifically, we explore the innate lymphangiogenic response to damaged cardiac tissue or cardiac injury, derive key findings from regenerative models demonstrating how robust lymphangiogenic responses can be supported to improve cardiac function, and introduce an approach to imaging the structure and function of cardiac lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Xu
- Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chengchao Ruan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingnan Bai
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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7
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Lucas CJ, Sheridan RM, Reynoso GV, Davenport BJ, McCarthy MK, Martin A, Hesselberth JR, Hickman HD, Tamburini BAJ, Morrison TE. Chikungunya virus infection disrupts lymph node lymphatic endothelial cell composition and function via MARCO. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.12.561615. [PMID: 37873393 PMCID: PMC10592756 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.12.561615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes disruption of draining lymph node (dLN) organization, including paracortical relocalization of B cells, loss of the B cell-T cell border, and lymphocyte depletion that is associated with infiltration of the LN with inflammatory myeloid cells. Here, we find that during the first 24 h of infection, CHIKV RNA accumulates in MARCO-expressing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in both the floor and medullary LN sinuses. The accumulation of viral RNA in the LN was associated with a switch to an antiviral and inflammatory gene expression program across LN stromal cells, and this inflammatory response, including recruitment of myeloid cells to the LN, was accelerated by CHIKV-MARCO interactions. As CHIKV infection progressed, both floor and medullary LECs diminished in number, suggesting further functional impairment of the LN by infection. Consistent with this idea, we find that antigen acquisition by LECs, a key function of LN LECs during infection and immunization, was reduced during pathogenic CHIKV infection.
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8
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Amruta A, Iannotta D, Cheetham SW, Lammers T, Wolfram J. Vasculature organotropism in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115054. [PMID: 37591370 PMCID: PMC10693934 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been an exponential increase in the development of preclinical and clinical nanodelivery systems, and recently, an accelerating demand to deliver RNA and protein-based therapeutics. Organ-specific vasculature provides a promising intermediary for site-specific delivery of nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles to interstitial cells. Endothelial cells express organ-specific surface marker repertoires that can be used for targeted delivery. This article highlights organ-specific vasculature properties, nanodelivery strategies that exploit vasculature organotropism, and overlooked challenges and opportunities in targeting and simultaneously overcoming the endothelial barrier. Impediments in the clinical translation of vasculature organotropism in drug delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amruta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Seth W Cheetham
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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9
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Mondal DK, Xie C, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. Decorin suppresses tumor lymphangiogenesis: A mechanism to curtail cancer progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555187. [PMID: 37693608 PMCID: PMC10491239 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex interplay between malignant cells and the cellular and molecular components of the tumor stroma is a key aspect of cancer growth and development. These tumor-host interactions are often affected by soluble bioactive molecules such as proteoglycans. Decorin, an archetypical small leucine-rich proteoglycan primarily expressed by stromal cells, affects cancer growth in its soluble form by interacting with several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Overall, decorin leads to a context-dependent and protracted cessation of oncogenic RTK activity by attenuating their ability to drive a pro-survival program and to sustain a pro-angiogenic network. Through an unbiased transcriptomic analysis using deep RNAseq, we discovered that decorin downregulated a cluster of tumor-associated genes involved in lymphatic vessel development when systemically delivered to mice harboring breast carcinoma allografts. We found that Lyve1 and Podoplanin, two established markers of lymphatic vessels, were markedly suppressed at both the mRNA and protein levels and this suppression correlated with a significant reduction in tumor lymphatic vessels. We further discovered that soluble decorin, but not its homologous proteoglycan biglycan, inhibited lymphatic vessel sprouting in an ex vivo 3D model of lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that decorin interacted with VEGFR3, the main lymphatic RTK, and its activity was required for the decorin-mediated block of lymphangiogenesis. Finally, we discovered that Lyve1 was in part degraded via decorin-evoked autophagy in a nutrient- and energy-independent manner. These findings implicate decorin as a new biological factor with anti-lymphangiogenic activity and provide a potential therapeutic agent for curtailing breast cancer growth and metastasis.
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10
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Carvalho AM, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I. Hyaluronan Receptors as Mediators and Modulators of the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202118. [PMID: 36373221 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic and complex matter shaped by heterogenous cancer and cancer-associated cells present at the tumor site. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major TME component that plays pro-tumorigenic and carcinogenic functions. These functions are mediated by different hyaladherins expressed by cancer and tumor-associated cells triggering downstream signaling pathways that determine cell fate and contribute to TME progression toward a carcinogenic state. Here, the interaction of HA is reviewed with several cell-surface hyaladherins-CD44, RHAMM, TLR2 and 4, LYVE-1, HARE, and layilin. The signaling pathways activated by these interactions and the respective response of different cell populations within the TME, and the modulation of the TME, are discussed. Potential cancer therapies via targeting these interactions are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Carvalho
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
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11
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He Y, Kim J, Tacconi C, Moody J, Dieterich LC, Anzengruber F, Maul JT, Gousopoulos E, Restivo G, Levesque MP, Lindenblatt N, Shin JW, Hon CC, Detmar M. Mediators of Capillary-to-Venule Conversion in the Chronic Inflammatory Skin Disease Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3313-3326.e13. [PMID: 35777499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, immune cell infiltration and vascular remodeling. Despite the emerging recognition of vascular normalization as a potential strategy for managing psoriasis, an in-depth delineation of the remodeled dermal vasculature has been missing. In this study, we exploited 5' single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic alterations in different subpopulations of blood vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells directly isolated from psoriatic and healthy human skin. Individual subtypes of endothelial cells underwent specific molecular repatterning associated with cell adhesion and extracellular matrix organization. Blood capillaries, in particular, showed upregulation of the melanoma cell adhesion molecule as well as its binding partners and adopted postcapillary venule‒like characteristics during chronic inflammation that are more permissive to leukocyte transmigration. We also identified psoriasis-specific interactions between cis-regulatory enhancers and promoters for each endothelial cell subtype, revealing the dysregulated gene regulatory networks in psoriasis. Together, our results provide more insights into the specific transcriptional responses and epigenetic signatures of endothelial cells lining different vessel compartments in chronic skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPW), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jihye Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPW), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPW), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jonathan Moody
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Lothar C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPW), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Anzengruber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine - Dermatology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Julia-Tatjana Maul
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gaetana Restivo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jay W Shin
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chung-Chau Hon
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPW), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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12
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Lyras EM, Zimmermann K, Wagner LK, Dörr D, Klose CSN, Fischer C, Jung S, Yona S, Hovav AH, Stenzel W, Dommerich S, Conrad T, Leutz A, Mildner A. Tongue immune compartment analysis reveals spatial macrophage heterogeneity. eLife 2022; 11:77490. [PMID: 35749158 PMCID: PMC9232218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a unique muscular organ situated in the oral cavity where it is involved in taste sensation, mastication, and articulation. As a barrier organ, which is constantly exposed to environmental pathogens, the tongue is expected to host an immune cell network ensuring local immune defence. However, the composition and the transcriptional landscape of the tongue immune system are currently not completely defined. Here, we characterised the tissue-resident immune compartment of the murine tongue during development, health and disease, combining single-cell RNA-sequencing with in situ immunophenotyping. We identified distinct local immune cell populations and described two specific subsets of tongue-resident macrophages occupying discrete anatomical niches. Cx3cr1+ macrophages were located specifically in the highly innervated lamina propria beneath the tongue epidermis and at times in close proximity to fungiform papillae. Folr2+ macrophages were detected in deeper muscular tissue. In silico analysis indicated that the two macrophage subsets originate from a common proliferative precursor during early postnatal development and responded differently to systemic LPS in vivo. Our description of the under-investigated tongue immune system sets a starting point to facilitate research on tongue immune-physiology and pathology including cancer and taste disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Zimmermann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dorothea Dörr
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph S N Klose
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Simon Yona
- Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Dommerich
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Conrad
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Mildner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Medicity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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13
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Johnson LA. Analyzing Lymphatic Vessel Patterning in Adult Tissue. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2441:85-94. [PMID: 35099730 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2059-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Whole-mount immunostaining allows intact tissue to be surveyed in three dimensions, avoiding the more restricted fields of view provided by visualizing thin sections. This technique is particularly useful for imaging lymphatic and blood networks by high-resolution confocal microscopy, revealing how such vessels are spatially positioned, the subcellular arrangements of individual antigens, and interactions with individual cells within the interstitium or vessel lumen. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a practical guide for obtaining images of lymphatic vessels following immunofluorescence staining, primarily in mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Johnson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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14
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NAGAHARA T, OHNO K, NAGAO I, NAKAGAWA T, GOTO-KOSHINO Y, TSUBOI M, CHAMBERS JK, UCHIDA K, TOMIYASU H, TSUJIMOTO H. Evaluation of the degree and distribution of lymphangiectasia in full-thickness canine small intestinal specimens diagnosed with lymphoplasmacytic enteritis and granulomatous lymphangitis. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:566-573. [PMID: 35283405 PMCID: PMC9096046 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is often observed in dogs with chronic small intestinal
diseases. Hypoplasia of the lymphatic vessel due to decreased lymphangiogenesis, which has
been suggested in human idiopathic IL, may contribute to the pathogenesis of canine IL.
This study aimed to evaluate the diameter and number of lymphatic vessels in
full-thickness small intestinal specimens of dogs with IL. Immunohistochemical labeling of
lymphatic endothelial cell markers was performed on retrospectively retrieved
full-thickness small intestinal specimens. Sixteen dogs with histologically confirmed IL
were included, of which 10 had lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE), and six had
granulomatous lymphangitis (GL). Nine dogs that died from non-gastrointestinal disorders
and with little or no abnormalities in the small intestine were used as controls.
Lymphatic vessel diameters in dogs with IL were significantly increased in all layers of
the small intestine, including the villus lacteal, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis,
and mesentery, compared with controls (all P<0.01). There was no
significant difference in the lymphatic vessel diameters between dogs with LPE and GL (all
P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of
lymphatic vessels between dogs with IL and the controls in all layers of the small
intestine (all P>0.05). This study demonstrated that IL was observed
in all layers of the small intestine, including the submucosa, muscularis, and mesentery,
independent of the underlying disease. Factors other than reduced lymphatic vessels would
contribute to the pathogenesis of IL in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro NAGAHARA
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Koichi OHNO
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Itsuma NAGAO
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Taisuke NAKAGAWA
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masaya TSUBOI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - James K. CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hirotaka TOMIYASU
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hajime TSUJIMOTO
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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15
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Chen JM, Luo B, Ma R, Luo XX, Chen YS, Li Y. Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010004. [PMID: 35054174 PMCID: PMC8774380 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis via lymphatic vessels or blood vessels is the leading cause of death for breast cancer, and lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis are critical prerequisites for the tumor invasion–metastasis cascade. The research progress for tumor lymphangiogenesis has tended to lag behind that for angiogenesis due to the lack of specific markers. With the discovery of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers, growing evidence demonstrates that the LEC plays an active role in lymphatic formation and remodeling, tumor cell growth, invasion and intravasation, tumor–microenvironment remodeling, and antitumor immunity. However, some studies have drawn controversial conclusions due to the variation in the LEC markers and lymphangiogenesis assessments used. In this study, we review recent findings on tumor lymphangiogenesis, the most commonly used LEC markers, and parameters for lymphangiogenesis assessments, such as the lymphatic vessel density and lymphatic vessel invasion in human breast cancer. An in-depth understanding of tumor lymphangiogenesis and LEC markers can help to illustrate the mechanisms and distinct roles of lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer progression, which will help in exploring novel potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Chen
- Center of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (J.-M.C.); (X.-X.L.)
| | - Bo Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China;
| | - Ru Ma
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China;
| | - Xi-Xi Luo
- Center of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (J.-M.C.); (X.-X.L.)
| | - Yong-Shun Chen
- Center of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (J.-M.C.); (X.-X.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.C.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-027-88048911 (Y.-S.C.); +86-010-63926525 (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China;
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.C.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-027-88048911 (Y.-S.C.); +86-010-63926525 (Y.L.)
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16
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Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score as a Biomarker for Vascular Damage Assessment in Patients with Takayasu Arteritis-A Pilot Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8120187. [PMID: 34940542 PMCID: PMC8709028 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8120187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Takayasu Arteritis (TA) is characterized by granulomatous panarteritis, vessel wall fibrosis, and irreversible vascular impairment. The aim of this study is to explore the usefulness of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score (ELF), procollagen-III aminoterminal propeptide (PIIINP), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and hyaluronic acid (HA) in assessing vascular damage in TA patients. ELF, PIIINP, TIMP-1, and HA were measured in 24 TA patients, and the results were correlated with the clinical damage indexes (VDI and TADS), an imaging damage score (CARDS), and disease activity scores (NIH and ITAS2010). A mean ELF score 8.42 (±1.12) and values higher than 7.7 (cut-off for liver fibrosis) in 21/24 (87.5%) of patients were detected. The VDI and TADS correlated significantly to ELF (p < 0.01). Additionally, a strong association across ELF and CARDS (p < 0.0001), PIIINP and CARDS (p < 0.001), and HA and CARDS (p < 0.001) was observed. No correlations of the tested biomarkers with inflammatory parameters, NIH, and ITAS2010 scores were found. To our knowledge, this is the first study that suggests the association of the serum biomarkers PIIINP, HA, and ELF score with damage but not with disease activity in TA patients. The ELF score and PIIINP may be useful biomarkers reflecting an ongoing fibrotic process and quantifying vascular damage.
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17
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Burr AC, Velazquez JV, Ulu A, Kamath R, Kim SY, Bilg AK, Najera A, Sultan I, Botthoff JK, Aronson E, Nair MG, Nordgren TM. Lung Inflammatory Response to Environmental Dust Exposure in Mice Suggests a Link to Regional Respiratory Disease Risk. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4035-4052. [PMID: 34456580 PMCID: PMC8387588 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s320096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Salton Sea, California's largest lake, is designated as an agricultural drainage reservoir. In recent years, the lake has experienced shrinkage due to reduced water sources, increasing levels of aerosolized dusts in surrounding regions. Communities surrounding the Salton Sea have increased asthma prevalence versus the rest of California; however, a connection between dust inhalation and lung health impacts has not been defined. METHODS We used an established intranasal dust exposure murine model to study the lung inflammatory response following single or repetitive (7-day) exposure to extracts of dusts collected in regions surrounding the Salton Sea (SSDE), complemented with in vitro investigations assessing SSDE impacts on the airway epithelium. RESULTS In these investigations, single or repetitive SSDE exposure induced significant lung inflammatory cytokine release concomitant with neutrophil influx. Repetitive SSDE exposure led to significant lung eosinophil recruitment and altered expression of genes associated with allergen-mediated immune response, including Clec4e. SSDE treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) induced inflammatory cytokine production at 5- and 24-hours post-treatment. When BEAS-2B were exposed to protease activity-depleted SSDE (PDSSDE) or treated with SSDE in the context of protease-activated receptor-1 and -2 antagonism, inflammatory cytokine release was decreased. Furthermore, repetitive exposure to PDSSDE led to decreased neutrophil and eosinophilic influx and IL-6 release in mice compared to SSDE-challenged mice. CONCLUSION These investigations demonstrate potent lung inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling in response to SSDE, in part due to environmental proteases found within the dusts. These studies provide the first evidence supporting a link between environmental dust exposure, protease-mediated immune activation, and respiratory disease in the Salton Sea region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jalene V Velazquez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Rohan Kamath
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Amanpreet K Bilg
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Aileen Najera
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Iman Sultan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jon K Botthoff
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Emma Aronson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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18
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Alderfer L, Russo E, Archilla A, Coe B, Hanjaya-Putra D. Matrix stiffness primes lymphatic tube formation directed by vascular endothelial growth factor-C. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21498. [PMID: 33774872 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002426rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the lymphatic system is associated with a wide range of disease phenotypes. The restoration of dysfunctional lymphatic vessels has been hypothesized as an innovative method to rescue healthy phenotypes in diseased states including neurological conditions, metabolic syndromes, and cardiovascular disease. Compared to the vascular system, little is known about the molecular regulation that controls lymphatic tube morphogenesis. Using synthetic hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels as a chemically and mechanically tunable system to preserve lymphatic endothelial cell (LECs) phenotypes, we demonstrate that low matrix elasticity primes lymphatic cord-like structure (CLS) formation directed by a high concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). Decreasing the substrate stiffness results in the upregulation of key lymphatic markers, including PROX-1, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), and VEGFR-3. Consequently, higher levels of VEGFR-3 enable stimulation of LECs with VEGF-C which is required to both activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and facilitate LEC migration. Both of these steps are critical in establishing CLS formation in vitro. With decreases in substrate elasticity, we observe increased MMP expression and increased cellular elongation, as well as formation of intracellular vacuoles, which can further merge into coalescent vacuoles. RNAi studies demonstrate that MMP-14 is required to enable CLS formation and that LECs sense matrix stiffness through YAP/TAZ mechanosensors leading to the activation of their downstream target genes. Collectively, we show that by tuning both the matrix stiffness and VEGF-C concentration, the signaling pathways of CLS formation can be regulated in a synthetic matrix, resulting in lymphatic networks which will be useful for the study of lymphatic biology and future approaches in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alderfer
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Russo
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Adriana Archilla
- Notre Dame Nanoscience and Technology (NDnano), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Brian Coe
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Donny Hanjaya-Putra
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Notre Dame Nanoscience and Technology (NDnano), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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19
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Park CJ, Lin PC, Zhou S, Barakat R, Bashir ST, Choi JM, Cacioppo JA, Oakley OR, Duffy DM, Lydon JP, Ko CJ. Progesterone Receptor Serves the Ovary as a Trigger of Ovulation and a Terminator of Inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107496. [PMID: 32294429 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovulation is triggered by the gonadotropin surge that induces the expression of two key genes, progesterone receptor (Pgr) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), in the granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. Their gene products PGR and PTGS2 activate two separate pathways that are both essential for successful ovulation. Here, we show that the PGR plays an additional essential role: it attenuates ovulatory inflammation by diminishing the gonadotropin surge-induced Ptgs2 expression. PGR indirectly terminates Ptgs2 expression and PGE2 synthesis in granulosa cells by inhibiting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor required for Ptgs2 expression. When the expression of PGR is ablated in granulosa cells, the ovary undergoes a hyperinflammatory condition manifested by excessive PGE2 synthesis, immune cell infiltration, oxidative damage, and neoplastic transformation of ovarian cells. The PGR-driven termination of PTGS2 expression may protect the ovary from ovulatory inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Jin Park
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Po-Ching Lin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Sherry Zhou
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia 13518, Egypt
| | - Shah Tauseef Bashir
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Jeong Moon Choi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Joseph A Cacioppo
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Oliver R Oakley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY 40475, USA
| | - Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, PO Box 1980, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - CheMyong J Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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20
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Johnson LA, Banerji S, Lagerholm BC, Jackson DG. Dendritic cell entry to lymphatic capillaries is orchestrated by CD44 and the hyaluronan glycocalyx. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/5/e202000908. [PMID: 33687996 PMCID: PMC8008951 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 anchors the hyaluronan glycocalyx on migrating dendritic cells to permit docking to the endothelial receptor LYVE-1, thus orchestrating lymphatic trafficking through modulating glycocalyx density. DCs play a vital role in immunity by conveying antigens from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes, through afferent lymphatic vessels. Critical to the process is initial docking to the lymphatic endothelial receptor LYVE-1 via its ligand hyaluronan on the DC surface. How this relatively weak binding polymer is configured for specific adhesion to LYVE-1, however, is unknown. Here, we show that hyaluronan is anchored and spatially organized into a 400–500 nm dense glycocalyx by the leukocyte receptor CD44. Using gene knockout and by modulating CD44-hyaluronan interactions with monoclonal antibodies in vitro and in a mouse model of oxazolone-induced skin inflammation, we demonstrate that CD44 is required for DC adhesion and transmigration across lymphatic endothelium. In addition, we present evidence that CD44 can dynamically control the density of the hyaluronan glycocalyx, regulating the efficiency of DC trafficking to lymph nodes. Our findings define a previously unrecognized role for CD44 in lymphatic trafficking and highlight the importance of the CD44:HA:LYVE-1 axis in its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Johnson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suneale Banerji
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B Christoffer Lagerholm
- Wolfson Imaging Centre Oxford, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David G Jackson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Grant D, Wanner N, Frimel M, Erzurum S, Asosingh K. Comprehensive phenotyping of endothelial cells using flow cytometry 2: Human. Cytometry A 2020; 99:257-264. [PMID: 33369145 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In vascular research, clinical samples and samples from animal models are often used together to foster translation of preclinical findings to humans. General concepts of endothelia and murine-specific endothelial phenotypes were discussed in part 1 of this two part series. Here, in part 2, we present a comprehensive overview of human-specific endothelial phenotypes. Pan-endothelial cell markers, organ specific endothelial antigens, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping of blood-borne endothelial cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Grant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Frimel
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Flow Cytometry Core Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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22
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Gancz D, Perlmoter G, Yaniv K. Formation and Growth of Cardiac Lymphatics during Embryonic Development, Heart Regeneration, and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037176. [PMID: 31818858 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays crucial roles in regulating fluid homeostasis, immune surveillance, and lipid transport. As is in most of the body's organs, the heart possesses an extensive lymphatic network. Moreover, a robust lymphangiogenic response has been shown to take place following myocardial infarction, highlighting cardiac lymphatics as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Yet, the unique molecular properties and functions of the heart's lymphatic system have only recently begun to be addressed. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the formation and growth of cardiac lymphatics during embryonic development and describe their characteristics across species. We further summarize recent findings highlighting diverse cellular origins for cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells and how they integrate to form a single functional lymphatic network. Finally, we outline novel therapeutic avenues aimed at enhancing lymphatic vessel formation and integrity following cardiac injury, which hold great promise for promoting healing of the infarcted heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Gancz
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gal Perlmoter
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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23
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Zhang F, Zarkada G, Yi S, Eichmann A. Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Junctions: Molecular Regulation in Physiology and Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:509. [PMID: 32547411 PMCID: PMC7274196 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) lining lymphatic vessels develop specialized cell-cell junctions that are crucial for the maintenance of vessel integrity and proper lymphatic vascular functions. Successful lymphatic drainage requires a division of labor between lymphatic capillaries that take up lymph via open "button-like" junctions, and collectors that transport lymph to veins, which have tight "zipper-like" junctions that prevent lymph leakage. In recent years, progress has been made in the understanding of these specialized junctions, as a result of the application of state-of-the-art imaging tools and novel transgenic animal models. In this review, we discuss lymphatic development and mechanisms governing junction remodeling between button and zipper-like states in LECs. Understanding lymphatic junction remodeling is important in order to unravel lymphatic drainage regulation in obesity and inflammatory diseases and may pave the way towards future novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Georgia Zarkada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sanjun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
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Brezovakova V, Jadhav S. Identification of Lyve-1 positive macrophages as resident cells in meninges of rats. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2021-2032. [PMID: 32003471 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Meningeal immunity along with its associated lymphatic vasculatures is widely discussed recently. Lymphatic vessels in meninges drain interstitial fluid into the deep-cervical lymph nodes. The vessels are composed of cells that express the cardinal marker for lymphatic endothelium-the lymphatic vessel hyaluronan receptor-1 (Lyve-1). However, studies also show the presence of nonendothelial Lyve-1 expressing cells in certain tissues. Therefore, we were curious if nonendothelial Lyve-1+ cells are also present in dura mater of meninges. We show that Lyve-1+ endothelial cells are distributed adjacent to the blood vessels in the brain dura mater of rats. We did not observe any lymphatic vessels in spinal dura mater. Interestingly, we also observed isolated population of nonlymphatic Lyve-1+ cells in both brain and spinal dura mater. Morphologically, the Lyve-1+ cells were extensively pleomorphic, sometimes elongated or round. Surprisingly, the thoracolumbal meningeal Lyve-1+ cells were predominantly round in morphology. Using endothelial specific marker VEGFR3 and macrophage markers CD68 and CD169, we observed that the isolated Lyve-1+ cells lacked endothelial cell signature, but were either CD68+ or CD169+ macrophages. Moreover, we observed that the Lyve-1+ cells colocalized with collagen fibers in the meninges, and some of Lyve-1+ cells had intracellular collagen. The study for the first time demonstrates the presence of Lyve-1 positive macrophages in the lymphatic and nonlymphatic regions in the meninges of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Brezovakova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Santosh Jadhav
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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25
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Stanly TA, Fritzsche M, Banerji S, Shrestha D, Schneider F, Eggeling C, Jackson DG. The cortical actin network regulates avidity-dependent binding of hyaluronan by the lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor LYVE-1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5036-5050. [PMID: 32034091 PMCID: PMC7152780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) mediates the docking and entry of dendritic cells to lymphatic vessels through selective adhesion to its ligand hyaluronan in the leukocyte surface glycocalyx. To bind hyaluronan efficiently, LYVE-1 must undergo surface clustering, a process that is induced efficiently by the large cross-linked assemblages of glycosaminoglycan present within leukocyte pericellular matrices but is induced poorly by the shorter polymer alone. These properties suggested that LYVE-1 may have limited mobility in the endothelial plasma membrane, but no biophysical investigation of these parameters has been carried out to date. Here, using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy combined with biochemical analyses of the receptor in primary lymphatic endothelial cells, we provide the first evidence that LYVE-1 dynamics are indeed restricted by the submembranous actin network. We show that actin disruption not only increases LYVE-1 lateral diffusion but also enhances hyaluronan-binding activity. However, unlike the related leukocyte HA receptor CD44, which uses ERM and ankyrin motifs within its cytoplasmic tail to bind actin, LYVE-1 displays little if any direct interaction with actin, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Instead, as shown by super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy in combination with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, LYVE-1 diffusion is restricted by transient entrapment within submembranous actin corrals. These results point to an actin-mediated constraint on LYVE-1 clustering in lymphatic endothelium that tunes the receptor for selective engagement with hyaluronan assemblages in the glycocalyx that are large enough to cross-bridge the corral-bound LYVE-1 molecules and thereby facilitate leukocyte adhesion and transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess A Stanly
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Suneale Banerji
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Dilip Shrestha
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Falk Schneider
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom .,Wolfson Imaging Centre, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David G Jackson
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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Esposito E, Ahn BJ, Shi J, Nakamura Y, Park JH, Mandeville ET, Yu Z, Chan SJ, Desai R, Hayakawa A, Ji X, Lo EH, Hayakawa K. Brain-to-cervical lymph node signaling after stroke. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5306. [PMID: 31757960 PMCID: PMC6876639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
After stroke, peripheral immune cells are activated and these systemic responses may amplify brain damage, but how the injured brain sends out signals to trigger systemic inflammation remains unclear. Here we show that a brain-to-cervical lymph node (CLN) pathway is involved. In rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia, lymphatic endothelial cells proliferate and macrophages are rapidly activated in CLNs within 24 h, in part via VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signalling. Microarray analyses of isolated lymphatic endothelium from CLNs of ischemic mice confirm the activation of transmembrane tyrosine kinase pathways. Blockade of VEGFR3 reduces lymphatic endothelial activation, decreases pro-inflammatory macrophages, and reduces brain infarction. In vitro, VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signalling in lymphatic endothelial cells enhances inflammatory responses in co-cultured macrophages. Lastly, surgical removal of CLNs in mice significantly reduces infarction after focal cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that modulating the brain-to-CLN pathway may offer therapeutic opportunities to ameliorate systemic inflammation and brain injury after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elga Esposito
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Bum Ju Ahn
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Jingfei Shi
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA ,0000 0004 0369 153Xgrid.24696.3fChina-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yoshihiko Nakamura
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA ,0000 0004 0594 9821grid.411556.2Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Jonan, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Emiri T. Mandeville
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Su Jing Chan
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA ,0000 0001 2180 6431grid.4280.eDepartment of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rakhi Desai
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Ayumi Hayakawa
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- 0000 0004 0369 153Xgrid.24696.3fChina-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Eng H. Lo
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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Serum sLYVE-1 is not associated with coronary disease but with renal dysfunction: a retrospective study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10816. [PMID: 31346234 PMCID: PMC6658538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has indicated that the lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE-1) is implicated in chronic inflammation and the lymphatic immune response. The soluble form of LYVE-1 (sLYVE-1) is produced by ectodomain shedding of LYVE-1 under pathological conditions including cancer and chronic inflammation. In this study, 1014 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography from May 2015 to September 2015 were included to investigate whether serum sLYVE-1 is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its concomitant diseases includes chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results showed that there was no significant difference in sLYVE-1 levels between patients with CAD and without. However, a significantly higher level of sLYVE-1 was seen in patients with renal dysfunction compared to those with a normal eGFR. Results were validated in a separate cohort of 259 patients who were divided into four groups based on their kidney function assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Simple bivariate correlation analysis revealed that Lg[sLYVE-1] was negatively correlated with eGFR (r = −0.358, p < 0.001) and cystatin C (r = 0.303, p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the increase in Lg[sLYVE-1] was an independent determinant of renal dysfunction (odds ratio = 1.633, p = 0.007). Therefore, renal function should be considered when serum sLYVE-1 is used as a biomarker for the detection of pathological conditions such as chronic inflammation and cancer. Further study is required to elucidate the exact role of sLYVE-1 in renal function.
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28
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Courtwright AM, Lamattina AM, Louis PH, Trindade AJ, Burkett P, Imani J, Shrestha S, Divo M, Keller S, Rosas IO, Goldberg HJ, El-Chemaly S. Hyaluronan and LYVE-1 and allograft function in lung transplantation recipients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9003. [PMID: 31227795 PMCID: PMC6588572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is associated with innate immune response activation and may be a marker of allograft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. This was a prospective, single center study comparing levels of bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum HA and the HA immobilizer LYVE-1 in lung transplant recipients with and without acute cellular rejection (ACR). Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD)-free survival was also evaluated based on HA and LYVE-1 levels. 78 recipients were enrolled with a total of 115 diagnostic biopsies and 1.5 years of median follow-up. Serum HA was correlated with BAL HA (r = 0.25, p = 0.01) and with serum LYVE-1 (r = 0.32, p = 0.002). There was significant variation in HA and LYVE-1 over time, regardless of ACR status. Levels of serum HA (median 74.7 vs 82.7, p = 0.69), BAL HA (median 149.4 vs 134.5, p = 0.39), and LYVE-1 (mean 190.2 vs 183.8, p = 0.72) were not associated with ACR. CLAD-free survival was not different in recipients with any episode of elevated serum HA (HR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.3–7.7, p = 0.61) or BAL HA (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.2–3.6, p = 0.93). These results did not differ when stratified by bilateral transplant status. In this small cohort, serum HA, BAL HA, and LYVE-1 levels are not associated with ACR or CLAD-free survival in lung transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jewel Imani
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Miguel Divo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steve Keller
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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29
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Hyaluronan as tunable drug delivery system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:83-96. [PMID: 31421148 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hyaluronan (HA) polymer is an important macromolecule of extracellular matrix with remarkable structure and functions: it is a linear and unbranched polymer without sulphate or phosphate groups and has key role in several biological processes in mammals. It is ubiquitous in mammalian tissues with several and specific functions, influencing cell proliferation and migration as well as angiogenesis and inflammation. To exert these important functions in tissues HA modifies the concentration and size. Considering this HA content in tissues is carefully controlled by different mechanisms including covalent modification of the synthetic enzymes and epigenetic control of their gene expression. The function of HA is also critical in several pathologies including cancer, diabetes and chronic inflammation. Among these biological roles, the structural properties of HA allow to use this polymer in regenerative medicine including cosmetics and drug delivery. HA takes advantage from its capacity to form gels even at concentration of 1% producing scaffolds with very intriguing mechanical properties. These hydrogels are useful in regenerative medicine as biocompatible material for advanced therapeutic uses. In this review we highlight the biological aspects of HA addressing the mechanisms controlling the HA content in tissues and its role as drug delivery system.
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30
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Wang W, Lin X, Xu H, Sun W, Bouta EM, Zuscik MJ, Chen D, Schwarz EM, Xing L. Attenuated Joint Tissue Damage Associated With Improved Synovial Lymphatic Function Following Treatment With Bortezomib in a Mouse Model of Experimental Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:244-257. [PMID: 30144298 DOI: 10.1002/art.40696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of the synovial lymphatic system in the severity and progression of joint tissue damage and functional responses of synovial lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to macrophage subsets, and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) in a mouse model of experimental posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS C57BL/6J wild-type mice received a meniscal ligamentous injury to induce posttraumatic knee OA. Lymphangiogenesis was blocked by a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) neutralizing antibody. Synovial lymphatic drainage was examined by near-infrared imaging. Joint damage was assessed by histology. RNA-sequencing and pathway analyses were applied to synovial LECs. Macrophage subsets in the mouse synovium were identified by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. M1 and M2 macrophages were induced from mouse bone marrow cells, and their effects on LECs were examined in cocultures in the presence or absence of BTZ. The effects of BTZ on joint damage, LEC inflammation, and synovial lymphatic drainage were examined. RESULTS Injection of a VEGFR-3 neutralizing antibody into the joints of mice with posttraumatic knee OA reduced synovial lymphatic drainage and accelerated joint tissue damage. Synovial LECs from the mouse OA joints had dysregulated inflammatory pathways and expressed high levels of inflammatory genes. The number of M1 macrophages was increased in the knee joints of mice with posttraumatic OA, thereby promoting the expression of inflammatory genes by LECs; this effect was blocked by BTZ. Treatment with BTZ decreased cartilage loss, reduced the expression of inflammatory genes by LECs, and improved lymphatic drainage in the knee joints of mice with posttraumatic OA. CONCLUSION Experimental posttraumatic knee OA is associated with decreased synovial lymphatic drainage, increased numbers of M1 macrophages, and enhanced inflammatory gene expression by LECs, all of which was improved by treatment with BTZ. Intraarticular administration of BTZ may represent a new therapy for the restoration of synovial lymphatic function in subjects with posttraumatic knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Wang
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China, and University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Xi Lin
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Hao Xu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, and Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Sun
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Echoe M Bouta
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Michael J Zuscik
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Di Chen
- Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Lianping Xing
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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31
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Hyaluronan: Structure, Metabolism, and Biological Properties. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Lane RS, Femel J, Breazeale AP, Loo CP, Thibault G, Kaempf A, Mori M, Tsujikawa T, Chang YH, Lund AW. IFNγ-activated dermal lymphatic vessels inhibit cytotoxic T cells in melanoma and inflamed skin. J Exp Med 2018; 215:3057-3074. [PMID: 30381467 PMCID: PMC6279400 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of immune suppression in peripheral tissues counteract protective immunity to prevent immunopathology and are coopted by tumors for immune evasion. While lymphatic vessels facilitate T cell priming, they also exert immune suppressive effects in lymph nodes at steady-state. Therefore, we hypothesized that peripheral lymphatic vessels acquire suppressive mechanisms to limit local effector CD8+ T cell accumulation in murine skin. We demonstrate that nonhematopoietic PD-L1 is largely expressed by lymphatic and blood endothelial cells and limits CD8+ T cell accumulation in tumor microenvironments. IFNγ produced by tissue-infiltrating, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, which are in close proximity to tumor-associated lymphatic vessels, is sufficient to induce lymphatic vessel PD-L1 expression. Disruption of IFNγ-dependent crosstalk through lymphatic-specific loss of IFNγR boosts T cell accumulation in infected and malignant skin leading to increased viral pathology and tumor control, respectively. Consequently, we identify IFNγR as an immunological switch in lymphatic vessels that balances protective immunity and immunopathology leading to adaptive immune resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Lane
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Julia Femel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Alec P Breazeale
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Christopher P Loo
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Andy Kaempf
- Knight Cancer Institute, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Motomi Mori
- Knight Cancer Institute, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Takahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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Goodman JR, Adham ZO, Woltjer RL, Lund AW, Iliff JJ. Characterization of dural sinus-associated lymphatic vasculature in human Alzheimer's dementia subjects. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:34-40. [PMID: 30055243 PMCID: PMC6149215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports describing lymphatic vasculature in the meninges have challenged the traditional understanding of interstitial solute clearance from the central nervous system, although the significance of this finding in human neurological disease remains unclear. To begin to define the role of meningeal lymphatic function in the clearance of interstitial amyloid beta (Aβ), and the contribution that its failure may make to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we examined meningeal tissue from a case series including AD and control subjects by confocal microscopy. Our findings confirm the presence of lymphatic vasculature in the human meninges and indicate that, unlike perivascular efflux pathways in the brain parenchyma in subjects with AD, Aβ is not deposited in or around meningeal lymphatic vessels associated with dural sinuses. Our findings demonstrate that while the meningeal lymphatic vasculature may serve as an efflux route for Aβ from the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, Aβ does not deposit in the walls of meningeal lymphatic vessels in the setting of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Goodman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zachariah O. Adham
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Randall L. Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Iliff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Research Institute; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Corresponding Author: Jeffrey J. Iliff, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Mail Code L459 Portland, OR 97239 USA, , Phone: (503) 494-4047
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Merigo F, Brandolese A, Facchin S, Missaggia S, Bernardi P, Boschi F, D’Incà R, Savarino EV, Sbarbati A, Sturniolo GC. Glucose transporter expression in the human colon. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:775-793. [PMID: 29467549 PMCID: PMC5807937 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i7.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate by immunostaining glucose transporter expression in human colorectal mucosa in controls and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
METHODS Colorectal samples were obtained from patients undergoing lower endoscopic colonoscopy or recto-sigmoidoscopy. Patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (n = 18) or Crohn’s disease (n = 10) and scheduled for diagnostic colonoscopy were enrolled. Patients who underwent colonoscopy for prevention screening of colorectal cancer or were followed-up after polypectomy or had a history of lower gastrointestinal symptoms were designated as the control group (CTRL, n = 16). Inflammatory status of the mucosa at the sampling site was evaluated histologically and/or endoscopically. A total of 147 biopsies of colorectal mucosa were collected and processed for immunohistochemistry analysis. The expression of GLUT2, SGLT1, and GLUT5 glucose transporters was investigated using immunoperoxidase labeling. To compare immunoreactivity of GLUT5 and LYVE-1, which is a marker for lymphatic vessel endothelium, double-labeled confocal microscopy was used.
RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that GLUT2, SGLT1, and GLUT5 were expressed only in short epithelial portions of the large intestinal mucosa. No important differences were observed in glucose transporter expression between the samples obtained from the different portions of the colorectal tract and between the different patient groups. Unexpectedly, GLUT5 expression was also identified in vessels, mainly concentrated in specific areas where the vessels were clustered. Immunostaining with LYVE-1 and GLUT5 antibodies revealed that GLUT5-immunoreactive (-IR) clusters of vessels were concentrated in areas internal to those that were LYVE-1 positive. GLUT5 and LYVE-1 did not appear to be colocalized but rather showed a close topographical relationship on the endothelium. Based on their LYVE-1 expression, GLUT5-IR vessels were identified as lymphatic. Both inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal colorectal tissue biopsies from the IBD and CTRL patients showed GLUT5-IR clusters of lymphatic vessels.
CONCLUSION Glucose transporter immunoreactivity is present in colorectal mucosa in controls and IBD patients. GLUT5 expression is also associated with lymphatic vessels. This novel finding aids in the characterization of lymphatic vasculature in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Merigo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Alessandro Brandolese
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Sonia Facchin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, Padua I-35128, Italy
| | - Silvia Missaggia
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Renata D’Incà
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, Padua I-35128, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, Padua I-35128, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona I-37134, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, Padua I-35128, Italy
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Jackson DG. Hyaluronan in the lymphatics: The key role of the hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1 in leucocyte trafficking. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:219-235. [PMID: 29425695 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
LYVE-1, a close relative of the leucocyte receptor, CD44, is the main receptor for hyaluronan (HA) in lymphatic vessel endothelium and a widely used marker for distinguishing between blood and lymphatic vessels. Enigmatic for many years because of its anomalous HA-binding characteristics, the function of LYVE-1 has just recently been identified as that of a lymphatic docking receptor for dendritic cells, selectively engaging with their surface HA glycocalyx to regulate entry to peripheral lymphatics and migration to downstream lymph nodes for immune activation. Furthermore, LYVE-1 mediates the trafficking of macrophages, and is also exploited by HA-encapsulated Group A streptococci for lymphatic invasion and host dissemination. Consistent with a role in lymphatic trafficking, the interaction of LYVE-1 with HA and its degradation products can also activate intracellular signalling pathways for endothelial junctional retraction and lymphatic endothelial proliferation. Here we outline the latest findings on the receptor in the context of its peculiar biochemical properties and speculate on how the interaction of LYVE-1 with different HA sizes and conformations might variably influence cell function as a consequence of avidity and receptor crosslinking. Finally, we evaluate evidence that LYVE-1 can also bind growth factors and associate with kinase-linked growth factor receptors and conclude on how the LYVE-1·HA axis may be exploited as a target to either block inflammation or tissue allograft rejection, or potentiate vaccine and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Jackson
- University of Oxford, MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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36
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A function-blocking CD47 antibody modulates extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular signaling between breast carcinoma cells and endothelial cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:157-170. [PMID: 29188480 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the tumor microenvironment that may facilitate malignant progression and metastasis. Breast carcinoma EVs express high levels of the thrombospondin-1 and signal regulatory protein-α receptor CD47, which is the target of several experimental therapeutics currently in clinical trials. We analyzed changes in gene expression and function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by treatment with EVs derived from breast carcinoma cells and the effects of the function-blocking CD47 antibody B6H12 on the resulting intercellular communication. CD47+ EVs exhibited greater uptake by HUVEC compared to CD47- EVs, but the CD47 antibody did not inhibit their uptake. Global and targeted analyses of transcripts demonstrated that treatment of HUVEC with EVs derived from MDA-MB-231 breast carcinomas cells altered pathways associated with tumor necrosis factor-α signaling, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix. EVs from triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells were more active than EVs from less metastatic breast carcinoma cell lines. Treatment with MDA-MB-231 EVs down-regulated VEGFR2 mRNA expression and tyrosine phosphorylation while enhancing phosphorylation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. VEGFR2 expression and phosphorylation in HUVEC was further inhibited by the CD47 antibody. Consistent with the observed changes in endothelial-mesenchymal transition genes and SHP2, treatment with MDA-MB-231-derived EVs decreased Zeb1 protein levels in HUVEC, whereas the CD47 antibody increased Zeb1 levels. The induction of E-selectin and other known targets of tumor necrosis factor-α signaling by EVs was also enhanced by the CD47 antibody, and E-selectin was the most up-regulated transcript following CD47 antibody treatment alone. These studies reveal several mechanisms by which therapeutics targeting CD47 could modulate tumor growth by altering the cross talk between cancer-derived EVs and nonmalignant cells in the tumor stroma.
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Johnson LA, Banerji S, Lawrance W, Gileadi U, Prota G, Holder KA, Roshorm YM, Hanke T, Cerundolo V, Gale NW, Jackson DG. Dendritic cells enter lymph vessels by hyaluronan-mediated docking to the endothelial receptor LYVE-1. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:762-770. [PMID: 28504698 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trafficking of tissue dendritic cells (DCs) via lymph is critical for the generation of cellular immune responses in draining lymph nodes (LNs). In the current study we found that DCs docked to the basolateral surface of lymphatic vessels and transited to the lumen through hyaluronan-mediated interactions with the lymph-specific endothelial receptor LYVE-1, in dynamic transmigratory-cup-like structures. Furthermore, we show that targeted deletion of the gene Lyve1, antibody blockade or depletion of the DC hyaluronan coat not only delayed lymphatic trafficking of dermal DCs but also blunted their capacity to prime CD8+ T cell responses in skin-draining LNs. Our findings uncovered a previously unknown function for LYVE-1 and show that transit through the lymphatic network is initiated by the recognition of leukocyte-derived hyaluronan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Johnson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suneale Banerji
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William Lawrance
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gennaro Prota
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kayla A Holder
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yaowaluck M Roshorm
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Monkut's University of Technology, Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- International Research Centre for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - David G Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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38
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Si P, Sen D, Dutta R, Yousefi S, Dalal R, Winetraub Y, Liba O, de la Zerda A. In Vivo Molecular Optical Coherence Tomography of Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Hyaluronan Receptors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1086. [PMID: 28439123 PMCID: PMC5430649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging of living subjects offers increased depth of penetration while maintaining high spatial resolution when compared to other optical microscopy techniques. However, since most protein biomarkers do not exhibit inherent contrast detectable by OCT, exogenous contrast agents must be employed for imaging specific cellular biomarkers of interest. While a number of OCT contrast agents have been previously studied, demonstrations of molecular targeting with such agents in live animals have been historically challenging and notably limited in success. Here we demonstrate for the first time that microbeads (µBs) can be used as contrast agents to target cellular biomarkers in lymphatic vessels and can be detected by OCT using a phase variance algorithm. This molecular OCT method enables in vivo imaging of the expression profiles of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), a biomarker that plays crucial roles in inflammation and tumor metastasis. In vivo OCT imaging of LVYE-1 showed that the biomarker was significantly down-regulated during inflammation induced by acute contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Our work demonstrated a powerful molecular imaging tool that can be used for high resolution studies of lymphatic function and dynamics in models of inflammation, tumor development, and other lymphatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Si
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Debasish Sen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Dutta
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Siavash Yousefi
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Roopa Dalal
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2452 Watson Ct, Stanford, California, 94303, USA
| | - Yonatan Winetraub
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Orly Liba
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.,Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. .,Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. .,Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
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39
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Yee D, Coles MC, Lagos D. microRNAs in the Lymphatic Endothelium: Master Regulators of Lineage Plasticity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:104. [PMID: 28232833 PMCID: PMC5298995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. They have crucial roles in organismal development, homeostasis, and cellular responses to pathological stress. The lymphatic system is a large vascular network that actively regulates the immune response through antigen trafficking, cytokine secretion, and inducing peripheral tolerance. Here, we review the role of miRNAs in the lymphatic endothelium with a particular focus on their role in lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) plasticity, inflammation, and regulatory function. We highlight the lineage plasticity of LECs during inflammation and the importance of understanding the regulatory role of miRNAs in these processes. We propose that targeting miRNA expression in lymphatic endothelium can be a novel strategy in treating human pathologies associated with lymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yee
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, University of York , York , UK
| | - Mark C Coles
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, University of York , York , UK
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, University of York , York , UK
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40
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Stanly TA, Fritzsche M, Banerji S, García E, Bernardino de la Serna J, Jackson DG, Eggeling C. Critical importance of appropriate fixation conditions for faithful imaging of receptor microclusters. Biol Open 2016; 5:1343-50. [PMID: 27464671 PMCID: PMC5051640 DOI: 10.1242/bio.019943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor clustering is known to trigger signalling events that contribute to critical changes in cellular functions. Faithful imaging of such clusters by means of fluorescence microscopy relies on the application of adequate cell fixation methods prior to immunolabelling in order to avoid artefactual redistribution by the antibodies themselves. Previous work has highlighted the inadequacy of fixation with paraformaldehyde (PFA) alone for efficient immobilisation of membrane-associated molecules, and the advantages of fixation with PFA in combination with glutaraldehyde (GA). Using fluorescence microscopy, we here highlight how inadequate fixation can lead to the formation of artefactual clustering of receptors in lymphatic endothelial cells, focussing on the transmembrane hyaluronan receptors LYVE-1 and CD44, and the homotypic adhesion molecule CD31, each of which displays their native diffuse surface distribution pattern only when visualised with the right fixation techniques, i.e. PFA/GA in combination. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) confirms that the artefactual receptor clusters are indeed introduced by residual mobility. In contrast, we observed full immobilisation of membrane proteins in cells that were fixed and then subsequently permeabilised, irrespective of whether the fixative was PFA or PFA/GA in combination. Our study underlines the importance of choosing appropriate sample preparation protocols for preserving authentic receptor organisation in advanced fluorescence microscopy. Summary: Commonly used fixation protocols during immunolabelling can result in artefactual protein distribution. We highlight the artefacts in images and provide fixation conditions for studying membrane receptor organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess A Stanly
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Suneale Banerji
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Esther García
- Wolfson Imaging Centre, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK Science & Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell-Oxford Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - David G Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK Wolfson Imaging Centre, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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41
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Hara H, Mihara M, Anan T, Fukumoto T, Narushima M, Iida T, Koshima I. Pathological Investigation of Acquired Lymphangiectasia Accompanied by Lower Limb Lymphedema: Lymphocyte Infiltration in the Dermis and Epidermis. Lymphat Res Biol 2016; 14:172-80. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2016.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Hara
- Department of Lymphatic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Mihara
- Department of Lymphatic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Anan
- Sapporo Dermatopathology Institute, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Mitsunaga Narushima
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Iida
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Koshima
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Jordan-Williams KL, Ramanujam N, Farr AG, Ruddell A. The Lymphatic Endothelial mCLCA1 Antibody Induces Proliferation and Growth of Lymph Node Lymphatic Sinuses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156079. [PMID: 27224029 PMCID: PMC4880189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte- and leukocyte-mediated lymph node (LN) lymphatic sinus growth (lymphangiogenesis) is involved in immune responses and in diseases including cancer and arthritis. We previously discovered a 10.1.1 Ab that recognizes the lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) surface protein mCLCA1, which is an interacting partner for LFA1 and Mac-1 that mediates lymphocyte adhesion to LECs. Here, we show that 10.1.1 Ab treatment specifically induces LEC proliferation, and influences migration and adhesion in vitro. Functional testing by injection of mice with 10.1.1 Ab but not control hamster Abs identified rapid induction of LN LEC proliferation and extensive lymphangiogenesis within 23 h. BrdU pulse-chase analysis demonstrated incorporation of proliferating LYVE-1-positive LEC into the growing medullary lymphatic sinuses. The 10.1.1 Ab-induced LN remodeling involved coordinate increases in LECs and also blood endothelial cells, fibroblastic reticular cells, and double negative stroma, as is observed during the LN response to inflammation. 10.1.1 Ab-induced lymphangiogenesis was restricted to LNs, as mCLCA1-expressing lymphatic vessels of the jejunum and dermis were unaffected by 23 h 10.1.1 Ab treatment. These findings demonstrate that 10.1.1 Ab rapidly and specifically induces proliferation and growth of LN lymphatic sinuses and stroma, suggesting a key role of mCLCA1 in coordinating LN remodeling during immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neela Ramanujam
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew G Farr
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Alanna Ruddell
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Chang JH, Putra I, Huang YH, Chang M, Han K, Zhong W, Gao X, Wang S, Dugas-Ford J, Nguyen T, Hong YK, Azar DT. Limited versus total epithelial debridement ocular surface injury: Live fluorescence imaging of hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in Prox1-GFP/Flk1::Myr-mCherry mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2148-56. [PMID: 27233452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemical staining experiments have shown that both hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis occur following severe corneal and conjunctival injury and that the neovascularization of the cornea often has severe visual consequences. To better understand how hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are induced by different degrees of ocular injury, we investigated patterns of injury-induced corneal neovascularization in live Prox1-GFP/Flk1::myr-mCherry mice, in which blood and lymphatic vessels can be imaged simultaneously in vivo. METHODS The eyes of Prox1-GFP/Flk1::myr-mCherry mice were injured according to four models based on epithelial debridement of the: A) central cornea (a 1.5-mm-diameter circle of tissue over the corneal apex), B) total cornea, C) bulbar conjunctiva, and D) cornea+bulbar conjunctiva. Corneal blood and lymphatic vessels were imaged on days 0, 3, 7, and 10 post-injury, and the percentages of the cornea containing blood and lymphatic vessels were calculated. RESULTS Neither central corneal nor bulbar conjunctival debridement resulted in significant vessel growth in the mouse cornea, whereas total corneal and corneal+bulbar conjunctival debridement did. On day 10 in the central cornea, total cornea, bulbar conjunctiva, and corneal+bulbar conjunctival epithelial debridement models, the percentage of the corneal surface that was occupied by blood vessels (hemangiogenesis) was 1.9±0.8%, 7.14±2.4%, 2.29±1%, and 15.05±2.14%, respectively, and the percentage of the corneal surface that was occupied by lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) was 2.45±1.51%, 4.85±0.95%, 2.95±1.27%, and 4.15±3.85%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Substantial corneal debridement was required to induce corneal neovascularization in the mouse cornea, and the corneal epithelium may therefore be partially responsible for maintaining corneal avascularity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates that GFP/Flk1::myr-mCherry mice are a useful model for studying coordinated hemangiogenic and lymphangiogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ilham Putra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyuyeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuangyong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Dugas-Ford
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tara Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Obesity but not high-fat diet impairs lymphatic function. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1582-1590. [PMID: 27200507 PMCID: PMC5050064 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity has significant negative effects on lymphatic function, but it remains unclear whether this is a direct effect of HFD or secondary to adipose tissue deposition. Methods: We compared the effects of HFD on obesity-prone and obesity-resistant mice and analyzed lymphatic function in vivo and in vitro. Results: Only obesity-prone mice had impaired lymphatic function, increased perilymphatic inflammation and accumulation of lipid droplets surrounding their lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). LECs isolated from obesity-prone mice, in contrast to obesity-resistant animals, had decreased expression of VEGFR-3 and Prox1. Exposure of LECs to a long-chain free fatty acid increased cellular apoptosis and decreased VEGFR-3 expression, while inhibition of intracellular inhibitors of VEGFR-3 signaling pathways increased cellular viability. Conclusions: Collectively, our studies suggest that HFD-induced obesity decreases lymphatic function by increasing perilymphatic inflammation and altering LEC gene expression. Reversal of diminished VEGFR-3 signaling may rescue this phenotype and improve lymphatic function.
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45
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Greiwe L, Vinck M, Suhr F. The muscle contraction mode determines lymphangiogenesis differentially in rat skeletal and cardiac muscles by modifying local lymphatic extracellular matrix microenvironments. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 217:61-79. [PMID: 26601802 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lymphatic vessels are of special importance for tissue homeostasis, and increases of their density may foster tissue regeneration. Exercise could be a relevant tool to increase lymphatic vessel density (LVD); however, a significant lack of knowledge remains to understand lymphangiogenesis in skeletal muscles upon training. Interestingly, training-induced lymphangiogenesis has never been studied in the heart. We studied lymphangiogenesis and LVD upon chronic concentric and chronic eccentric muscle contractions in both rat skeletal (Mm. Edl and Sol) and cardiac muscles. METHODS/RESULTS We found that LVD decreased in both skeletal muscles specifically upon eccentric training, while this contraction increased LVD in cardiac tissue. These observations were supported by opposing local remodelling of lymphatic vessel-specific extracellular matrix components in skeletal and cardiac muscles and protein levels of lymphatic markers (Lyve-1, Pdpn, Vegf-C/D). Confocal microscopy further revealed transformations of lymphatic vessels into vessels expressing both blood (Cav-1) and lymphatic (Vegfr-3) markers upon eccentric training specifically in skeletal muscles. In addition and phenotype supportive, we found increased inflammation (NF-κB/p65, Il-1β, Ifn-γ, Tnf-α and MPO(+) cells) in eccentrically stressed skeletal, but decreased levels in cardiac muscles. CONCLUSION Our data provide novel mechanistic insights into lymphangiogenic processes in skeletal and cardiac muscles upon chronic muscle contraction modes and demonstrate that both tissues adapt in opposing manners specifically to eccentric training. These data are highly relevant for clinical applications, because eccentric training serves as a sufficient strategy to increase LVD and to decrease inflammation in cardiac tissue, for example in order to reduce tissue abortion in transplantation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Greiwe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine; Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine; German Sport University Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - M. Vinck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine; Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine; German Sport University Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - F. Suhr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine; Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine; German Sport University Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Mermod M, Bongiovanni M, Petrova TV, Dubikovskaya EA, Simon C, Tolstonog G, Monnier Y. Prediction of occult lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and the oropharynx using peritumoral Prospero homeobox protein 1 lymphatic nuclear quantification. Head Neck 2016; 38:1407-15. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Mermod
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Tumor Laboratory; CHUV and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Massimo Bongiovanni
- Institute of Pathology; CHUV and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Fundamental Oncology; CHUV and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Elena A. Dubikovskaya
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Imaging (LBCMI), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC); École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Christian Simon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Tumor Laboratory; CHUV and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Genrich Tolstonog
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Tumor Laboratory; CHUV and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Yan Monnier
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Tumor Laboratory; CHUV and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
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Taher M, Nakao S, Zandi S, Melhorn MI, Hayes KC, Hafezi-Moghadam A. Phenotypic transformation of intimal and adventitial lymphatics in atherosclerosis: a regulatory role for soluble VEGF receptor 2. FASEB J 2016; 30:2490-9. [PMID: 27006449 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The role of lymphatics in atherosclerosis is not yet understood. Here, we investigate lymphatic growth dynamics and marker expression in atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. The prolymphangiogenic growth factor, VEGF-C, was elevated in atherosclerotic aortic walls. Despite increased VEGF-C, we found that adventitial lymphatics regress during the course of formation of atherosclerosis (P < 0.01). Similar to lymphatic regression, the number of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1(+)) macrophages decreased in the aortic adventitia of apoE(-/-) mice with atherosclerosis (P < 0.01). Intimal lymphatics in the atherosclerotic lesions exhibited an atypical phenotype, with the expression of podoplanin and VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) but not of LYVE-1 and prospero homeobox protein 1. In the aortas of atherosclerotic animals, we found markedly increased soluble VEGFR-2. We hypothesized that the elevated soluble VEGFR-2 that was found in the aortas of apoE(-/-) mice with atherosclerosis binds to and diminishes the activity of VEGF-C. This trapping mechanism explains, despite increased VEGF-C in the atherosclerotic aortas, how adventitial lymphatics regress. Lymphatic regression impedes the drainage of lipids, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and immune cells. Insufficient lymphatic drainage could thus exacerbate atherosclerosis formation. Our study contributes new insights to previously unknown dynamic changes of adventitial lymphatics. Targeting soluble VEGFR-2 in atherosclerosis may provide a new strategy for the liberation of endogenous VEGF-C and the prevention of lymphatic regression.-Taher, M., Nakao, S., Zandi, S., Melhorn, M. I., Hayes, K. C., Hafezi-Moghadam, A. Phenotypic transformation of intimal and adventitial lymphatics in atherosclerosis: a regulatory role for soluble VEGF receptor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Taher
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Radiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Institute of Biochemistry, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Radiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Souska Zandi
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Radiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark I Melhorn
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Radiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K C Hayes
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ali Hafezi-Moghadam
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Radiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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Lawrance W, Banerji S, Day AJ, Bhattacharjee S, Jackson DG. Binding of Hyaluronan to the Native Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Receptor LYVE-1 Is Critically Dependent on Receptor Clustering and Hyaluronan Organization. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8014-30. [PMID: 26823460 PMCID: PMC4825007 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic endothelial receptor LYVE-1 has been implicated in both uptake of hyaluronan (HA) from tissue matrix and in facilitating transit of leukocytes and tumor cells through lymphatic vessels based largely on in vitro studies with recombinant receptor in transfected fibroblasts. Curiously, however, LYVE-1 in lymphatic endothelium displays little if any binding to HA in vitro, and this has led to the conclusion that the native receptor is functionally silenced, a feature that is difficult to reconcile with its proposed in vivo functions. Nonetheless, as we reported recently, LYVE-1 can function as a receptor for HA-encapsulated Group A streptococci and mediate lymphatic dissemination in mice. Here we resolve these paradoxical findings and show that the capacity of LYVE-1 to bind HA is strictly dependent on avidity, demanding appropriate receptor self-association and/or HA multimerization. In particular, we demonstrate the prerequisite of a critical LYVE-1 threshold density and show that HA binding may be elicited in lymphatic endothelium by surface clustering with divalent LYVE-1 mAbs. In addition, we show that cross-linking of biotinylated HA in streptavidin multimers or supramolecular complexes with the inflammation-induced protein TSG-6 enables binding even in the absence of LYVE-1 cross-linking. Finally, we show that endogenous HA on the surface of macrophages can engage LYVE-1, facilitating their adhesion and transit across lymphatic endothelium. These results reveal LYVE-1 as a low affinity receptor tuned to discriminate between different HA configurations through avidity and establish a new mechanistic basis for the functions ascribed to LYVE-1 in matrix HA binding and leukocyte trafficking in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lawrance
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
| | - Suneale Banerji
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
| | - Anthony J Day
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Shaumick Bhattacharjee
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
| | - David G Jackson
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
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Yamashita M. Lymphangiogenesis and Lesion Heterogeneity in Interstitial Lung Diseases. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CIRCULATORY RESPIRATORY AND PULMONARY MEDICINE 2016; 9:111-21. [PMID: 26823655 PMCID: PMC4725607 DOI: 10.4137/ccrpm.s33856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has several physiological roles, including fluid homeostasis and the activation of adaptive immunity by fluid drainage and cell transport. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in adult tissues during various pathologic conditions. In addition, lymphangiogenesis is closely linked to capillary angiogenesis, and the balanced interrelationship between capillary angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis is essential for maintaining homeostasis in tissues. Recently, an increasing body of information regarding the biology of lymphatic endothelial cells has allowed us to immunohistochemically characterize lymphangiogenesis in several lung diseases. Particular interest has been given to the interstitial lung diseases. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are characterized by heterogeneity in pathologic changes and lesions, as typified by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia. In IIPs, lymphangiogenesis is likely to have different types of localized functions within each disorder, corresponding to the heterogeneity of lesions in terms of inflammation and fibrosis. These functions include inhibitory absorption of interstitial fluid and small molecules and maturation of fibrosis by excessive interstitial fluid drainage, caused by an unbalanced relationship between capillary angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and trafficking of antigen-presenting cells and induction of fibrogenesis via CCL21 and CCR7 signals. Better understanding for regional functions of lymphangiogenesis might provide new treatment strategies tailored to lesion heterogeneity in these complicated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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Abstract
Tumor neovascularization acquires their vessels through a number of processes including angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, vascular remodeling, intussusception, and possibly vascular mimicry in certain tumors. The end result of the tumor vasculature has been quantified by counting the number of immunohistochemically identified microvessels in areas of maximal vascularity, so-called hot spot. Other techniques have been developed such as Chalkley counting and the use of image analysis systems that are robust and reproducible as well as being more objective. Many of the molecular pathways that govern tumor neovascularization have been identified and many reagents are now available to study these tissue sections. These include angiogenic growth factors and their receptors and cell adhesion molecules, proteases, and markers of activated, proliferating, cytokine-stimulated, or angiogenic vessels, such as CD105. It is also possible to differentiate quiescent from active vessels. Other reagents that can identify proteins involved in microenvironmental influences such as hypoxia have also been generated. Although the histological assessment of tumor vascularity is used mostly in the research context, it may also have clinical applications if appropriate methodology and trained observers perform the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Pang
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, 3002, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jene
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, 3002, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, 3002, Australia.
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