1
|
Calenda S, Catarzi D, Varano F, Vigiani E, Volpini R, Lambertucci C, Spinaci A, Trevisan L, Grieco I, Federico S, Spalluto G, Novello G, Salmaso V, Moro S, Colotta V. Structural Investigations on 2-Amidobenzimidazole Derivatives as New Inhibitors of Protein Kinase CK1 Delta. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:468. [PMID: 38675428 PMCID: PMC11054282 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK1δ (CK1δ) is a serine-threonine/kinase that modulates different physiological processes, including the cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis. CK1δ overexpression, and the consequent hyperphosphorylation of specific proteins, can lead to sleep disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. CK1δ inhibitors showed anticancer properties as well as neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. To obtain new ATP-competitive CK1δ inhibitors, three sets of benzimidazole-2-amino derivatives were synthesized (1-32), bearing different substituents on the fused benzo ring (R) and diverse pyrazole-containing acyl moieties on the 2-amino group. The best-performing derivatives were those featuring the (1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-acetyl moiety on the benzimidazol-2-amino scaffold (13-32), which showed CK1δ inhibitor activity in the low micromolar range. Among the R substituents, 5-cyano was the most advantageous, leading to a compound endowed with nanomolar potency (23, IC50 = 98.6 nM). Molecular docking and dynamics studies were performed to point out the inhibitor-kinase interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calenda
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (D.C.); (F.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (D.C.); (F.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Flavia Varano
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (D.C.); (F.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Erica Vigiani
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (D.C.); (F.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.V.); (C.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.V.); (C.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.V.); (C.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Letizia Trevisan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.T.); (I.G.); (S.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Ilenia Grieco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.T.); (I.G.); (S.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.T.); (I.G.); (S.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.T.); (I.G.); (S.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Novello
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (V.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (V.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (V.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (D.C.); (F.V.); (E.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arseni C, Samiotaki M, Panayotou G, Simos G, Mylonis I. Combinatorial regulation by ERK1/2 and CK1δ protein kinases leads to HIF-1α association with microtubules and facilitates its symmetrical distribution during mitosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:72. [PMID: 38300329 PMCID: PMC10834586 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the key transcriptional mediator of the cellular response to hypoxia and is also involved in cancer progression. Regulation of its oxygen-sensitive HIF-1α subunit involves post-translational modifications that control its stability, subcellular localization, and activity. We have previously reported that phosphorylation of the HIF-1α C-terminal domain by ERK1/2 promotes HIF-1α nuclear accumulation and stimulates HIF-1 activity while lack of this modification triggers HIF-1α nuclear export and its association with mitochondria. On the other hand, modification of the N-terminal domain of HIF-1α by CK1δ impairs HIF-1 activity by obstructing the formation of a HIF-1α/ARNT heterodimer. Investigation of these two antagonistic events by expressing double phospho-site mutants in HIF1A-/- cells under hypoxia revealed independent and additive phosphorylation effects that can create a gradient of HIF-1α subcellular localization and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, modification by CK1δ caused mitochondrial release of the non-nuclear HIF-1α form and binding to microtubules via its N-terminal domain. In agreement, endogenous HIF-1α could be shown to co-localize with mitotic spindle microtubules and interact with tubulin, both of which were inhibited by CK1δ silencing or inhibition. Moreover, CK1δ expression was necessary for equal partitioning of mother cell-produced HIF-1α to the daughter cell nuclei at the end of mitosis. Overall, our results suggest that phosphorylation by CK1δ stimulates the association of non-nuclear HIF-1α with microtubules, which may serve as a means to establish a symmetric distribution of HIF-1α during cell division under low oxygen conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Arseni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bio-Innovation, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - George Panayotou
- Institute for Bio-Innovation, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - George Simos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Hu B, Wang W. Prognostic value and immunological role of CSNK1D in human cancers. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8948-8975. [PMID: 37688771 PMCID: PMC10522368 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
CSNK1D, also known as CK1δ, is a crucial gene involved in various biological processes such as cell cycle, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, cell polarity, and cell motility. It is associated with different cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of CSNK1D in multiple human cancers, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), through in vitro experiments. The research utilized various online resources and databases like UCSC, NCBI, GEPIA2, HPA, cBioPortal, SangerBox, UALCAN, and TCGA for analyzing CSNK1D expression, prognosis significance, immune features, and gene alterations in cancers. RT-PCR was employed to evaluate CSNK1D expression in normal liver and liver cancer cell lines. In vitro experiments, including CCK-8, Edu, wound healing, and Transwell assays, were conducted to assess CSNK1D's biological function in HCC cells. Results demonstrated consistent upregulation of CSNK1D in various tumors. Heightened CSNK1D expression correlated with reduced overall survival and disease-free survival rates in different cancer patient cohorts. Significant associations were found between CSNK1D expression levels and immune cell infiltrations, immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability across multiple malignancies. Notably, statistical analyses using TCGA and ICGC data identified CSNK1D as a robust and independent prognostic biomarker in HCC. Inhibiting CSNK1D expression effectively hindered cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in cellular experiments. In conclusion, this study suggests that CSNK1D may serve as a biomarker for tumor prognosis and immunotherapy. It influences the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Baohong Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang K, Jia Z, Li H, Peng Y, Chen X, Luo N, Song T, Wang Y, Shi X, Kuang S, Yang G. Proto-oncogene FAM83A contributes to casein kinase 1-mediated mitochondrial maintenance and white adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102339. [PMID: 35931121 PMCID: PMC9493395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 83 A (FAM83A) is a newly discovered proto-oncogene that has been shown to play key roles in various cancers. However, the function of FAM83A in other physiological processes is not well known. Here, we report a novel function of FAM83A in adipocyte differentiation. We used an adipocyte-targeting fusion oligopeptide (FITC-ATS-9R) to deliver a FAM83A-sgRNA/Cas9 plasmid to knockdown Fam83a (ATS/sg-FAM83A) in white adipose tissue in mice, which resulted in reduced white adipose tissue mass, smaller adipocytes, and mitochondrial damage that was aggravated by a high-fat diet. In cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we found loss or knockdown of Fam83a significantly repressed lipid droplet formation and downregulated the expression of lipogenic genes and proteins. Furthermore, inhibition of Fam83a decreased mitochondrial ATP production through blockage of the electron transport chain, associated with enhanced apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate FAM83A interacts with casein kinase 1 (CK1) and promotes the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Furthermore, loss of Fam83a in adipocytes hampered the formation of the TOM40 complex and impeded CK1-driven lipogenesis. Taken together, these results establish FAM83A as a critical regulator of mitochondria maintenance during adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuilong Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, 47907
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, 47907; Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou China, 215123
| | - Haoran Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100
| | - Ying Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, 47907
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710021
| | - Nanjian Luo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, 47907
| | - Tongxing Song
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, 47907
| | - Yingqian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100
| | - Xin'e Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, 47907
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pavan M, Menin S, Bassani D, Sturlese M, Moro S. Implementing a Scoring Function Based on Interaction Fingerprint for Autogrow4: Protein Kinase CK1δ as a Case Study. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:909499. [PMID: 35874609 PMCID: PMC9301033 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.909499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has become a popular and consolidated approach within the drug discovery pipeline, due to its ability to bring several drug candidates to clinical trials, some of them even being approved and introduced to the market. A class of targets that have proven to be particularly suitable for this method is represented by kinases, as demonstrated by the approval of BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Within this wide and diverse set of proteins, protein kinase CK1δ is a particularly interesting target for the treatment of several widespread neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Computational methodologies, such as molecular docking, are already routinely and successfully applied in FBDD campaigns alongside experimental techniques, both in the hit-discovery and in the hit-optimization stage. Concerning this, the open-source software Autogrow, developed by the Durrant lab, is a semi-automated computational protocol that exploits a combination between a genetic algorithm and a molecular docking software for de novo drug design and lead optimization. In the current work, we present and discuss a modified version of the Autogrow code that implements a custom scoring function based on the similarity between the interaction fingerprint of investigated compounds and a crystal reference. To validate its performance, we performed both a de novo and a lead-optimization run (as described in the original publication), evaluating the ability of our fingerprint-based protocol to generate compounds similar to known CK1δ inhibitors based on both the predicted binding mode and the electrostatic and shape similarity in comparison with the standard Autogrow protocol.
Collapse
|
6
|
Roth A, Gihring A, Bischof J, Pan L, Oswald F, Knippschild U. CK1 Is a Druggable Regulator of Microtubule Dynamics and Microtubule-Associated Processes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1345. [PMID: 35267653 PMCID: PMC8909099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases of the Casein Kinase 1 family play a vital role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Apart from functions associated with regulation of proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis, localization of several Casein Kinase 1 isoforms to the centrosome and microtubule asters also implicates regulatory functions in microtubule dynamic processes. Being localized to the spindle apparatus during mitosis Casein Kinase 1 directly modulates microtubule dynamics by phosphorylation of tubulin isoforms. Additionally, site-specific phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins can be related to the maintenance of genomic stability but also microtubule stabilization/destabilization, e.g., by hyper-phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 1A and RITA1. Consequently, approaches interfering with Casein Kinase 1-mediated microtubule-specific functions might be exploited as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. Currently pursued strategies include the development of Casein Kinase 1 isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors and therapeutically useful peptides specifically inhibiting kinase-substrate interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Roth
- University Medical Center Ulm, Department of General, and Visceral Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.R.); (A.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Adrian Gihring
- University Medical Center Ulm, Department of General, and Visceral Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.R.); (A.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Joachim Bischof
- University Medical Center Ulm, Department of General, and Visceral Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.R.); (A.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Leiling Pan
- University Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Franz Oswald
- University Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- University Medical Center Ulm, Department of General, and Visceral Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.R.); (A.G.); (J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Catarzi D, Varano F, Vigiani E, Lambertucci C, Spinaci A, Volpini R, Colotta V. Casein Kinase 1δ Inhibitors as Promising Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4698-4737. [PMID: 35232339 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220301115124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 (CK1) belongs to the serine-threonine kinase family and is expressed in all eukaryotic organisms. At least six human isoforms of CK1 (termed α, γ1-3, δ and ε) have been cloned and characterized. CK1 isoform modulates several physiological processes, including DNA damage repair, circadian rhythm, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, CK1 dysfunction may trigger diverse pathologies, such as cancer, inflammation and central nervous system disorders. Overexpression and aberrant activity of CK1 has been connected to hyperphosphorylation of key proteins implicated in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Thus, CK1 inhibitors have attracted attention as potential drugs for these pathologies and several compounds have been synthesized or isolated from natural sources to be evaluated for their CK1 inhibitory activity. Here we report a comprehensive review on the development of CK1 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on structure-activity relationships and computational studies which provide useful insight for the design of novel inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Erica Vigiani
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jelcic M, Wang K, Hui KL, Cai XC, Enyedi B, Luo M, Niethammer P. A Photo-clickable ATP-Mimetic Reveals Nucleotide Interactors in the Membrane Proteome. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1073-1083.e12. [PMID: 32521230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ATP is an important energy metabolite and allosteric signal in health and disease. ATP-interacting proteins, such as P2 receptors, control inflammation, cell death, migration, and wound healing. However, identification of allosteric ATP sites remains challenging, and our current inventory of ATP-controlled pathways is likely incomplete. Here, we develop and verify mipATP as a minimally invasive photoaffinity probe for ATP-interacting proteins. Its N6 functionalization allows target enrichment by UV crosslinking and conjugation to reporter tags by "click" chemistry. The additions are compact, allowing mipATP to completely retain the calcium signaling responses of native ATP in vitro and in vivo. mipATP specifically enriched for known nucleotide binders in A549 cell lysates and membrane fractions. In addition, it retrieved unannotated ATP interactors, such as the FAS receptor, CD44, and various SLC transporters. Thus, mipATP is a promising tool to identify allosteric ATP sites in the proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jelcic
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - King Lam Hui
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiao-Chuan Cai
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Balázs Enyedi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Lendület Tissue Damage Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SE Inflammatory Signaling Research Group, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Minkui Luo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karpov PA, Sheremet YA, Blume YB, Yemets AI. Studying the Role of Protein Kinases CK1 in Organization of Cortical Microtubules in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Cells. CYTOL GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719060033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Yuan F, Li D, Guo M, Fang T, Sun J, Qi F, Rao Q, Zhao Z, Huang P, Yang B, Xia J. IC261 suppresses progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in a casein kinase 1 δ/ε independent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:809-815. [PMID: 31954519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly cancers worldwide that responds poorly to existing therapies. The Casein kinase 1 (CK1) isoforms CK1δ and CK1ε are reported to be highly expressed in several tumor types, and both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CK1δ/ε activity has deleterious effects on tumor cell growth. IC261, an CK1δ/ε selectively inhibitor, shows anti-tumor effect against pancreatic tumor and glioblastoma, but its role in HCC remains poorly characterized. In our research, IC261 displayed time- and dose-dependent inhibition of HCC cell proliferation, and induced G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis in vitro. However, the anti-tumor effects of IC261 was independent of CK1δ/ε. Additionally, IC261 was verified to induce centrosome fragmentation during mitosis independent of CK1δ status, and intraperitoneal injection of IC261 to HCCLM3 xenograft models inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, our data indicated that IC261 has therapeutic potential for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yuan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Donghe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mengzhou Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jialei Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Feng Qi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Qianwen Rao
- Minhang Hospital, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, PR China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Peixin Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Biwei Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu P, Ianes C, Gärtner F, Liu C, Burster T, Bakulev V, Rachidi N, Knippschild U, Bischof J. Structure, regulation, and (patho-)physiological functions of the stress-induced protein kinase CK1 delta (CSNK1D). Gene 2019; 715:144005. [PMID: 31376410 PMCID: PMC7939460 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Members of the highly conserved pleiotropic CK1 family of serine/threonine-specific kinases are tightly regulated in the cell and play crucial regulatory roles in multiple cellular processes from protozoa to human. Since their dysregulation as well as mutations within their coding regions contribute to the development of various different pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, they have become interesting new drug targets within the last decade. However, to develop optimized CK1 isoform-specific therapeutics in personalized therapy concepts, a detailed knowledge of the regulation and functions of the different CK1 isoforms, their various splice variants and orthologs is mandatory. In this review we will focus on the stress-induced CK1 isoform delta (CK1δ), thereby addressing its regulation, physiological functions, the consequences of its deregulation for the development and progression of diseases, and its potential as therapeutic drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Chiara Ianes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Fabian Gärtner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Congxing Liu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 020000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Eltsin, Technology for Organic Synthesis Laboratory, 19 Mirastr., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur and INSERM U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Böhm T, Meng Z, Haas P, Henne-Bruns D, Rachidi N, Knippschild U, Bischof J. The kinase domain of CK1δ can be phosphorylated by Chk1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1663-1675. [PMID: 31094292 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1617105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family are key regulators in numerous cellular signal transduction pathways and in order to prevent the development of certain diseases, CK1 kinase activity needs to be tightly regulated. Modulation of kinase activity by site-specific phosphorylation within the C-terminal regulatory domain of CK1δ has already been shown for several cellular kinases. By using biochemical methods, we now identified residues T161, T174, T176, and S181 within the kinase domain of CK1δ as target sites for checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1). At least residues T176 and S181 show full conservation among CK1δ orthologues from different eukaryotic species. Enzyme kinetic analysis furthermore led to the hypothesis that site-specific phosphorylation within the kinase domain finally contributes to fine-tuning of CK1δ kinase activity. These data provide a basis for the extension of our knowledge about the role of site-specific phosphorylation for regulation of CK1δ and associated signal transduction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Böhm
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Zhigang Meng
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Philipp Haas
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Najma Rachidi
- b Unité de Parasitologie moléculaire et Signalisation, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur and INSERM U1201 , Paris , France
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- a Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Centre, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Noda M, Iwamoto I, Tabata H, Yamagata T, Ito H, Nagata KI. Role of Per3, a circadian clock gene, in embryonic development of mouse cerebral cortex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5874. [PMID: 30971765 PMCID: PMC6458147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Per3 is one of the primary components of circadian clock system. While circadian dysregulation is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric diseases. It remains largely unknown whether they participate in embryonic brain development. Here, we examined the role of clock gene Per3 in the development of mouse cerebral cortex. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that Per3 is expressed in the developing mouse cortex. Acute knockdown of Per3 with in utero electroporation caused abnormal positioning of cortical neurons, which was rescued by RNAi-resistant Per3. Per3-deficient cells showed abnormal migration phenotypes, impaired axon extension and dendritic arbor formation. Taken together, Per3 was found to play a pivotal role in corticogenesis via regulation of excitatory neuron migration and synaptic network formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Noda
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ikuko Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tabata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | | | - Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan.
- Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anwar T, Sen B, Aggarwal S, Nath R, Pathak N, Katoch A, Aiyaz M, Trehanpati N, Khosla S, Ramakrishna G. Differentially regulated gene expression in quiescence versus senescence and identification of ARID5A as a quiescence associated marker. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3695-3712. [PMID: 29044508 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms majority of the cells remain in a non-dividing states of either quiescence (reversible) or senescence (irreversible). In the present study, gene expression signatures unique to quiescence and senescence were identified using microarray in osteosarcoma cell line, U2OS. It was noted that certain genes and pathways like NOD pathway was shared by both the growth arrest conditions. A major highlight of the present study was increased expression of number of chemokines and cytokines in both quiescence and senescence. While senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is well known, the quiescence-associated secretory phenotype (QASP) is relatively unknown and appeared novel in this study. ARID5A, a subunit of SWI/SNF complex was identified as a quiescence associated gene. The endogenous expression of ARID5A increased during serum starved condition of quiescence. Overexpression of ARID5A resulted in more number of cells in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. Further ARID5A overexpressing cells when subjected to serum starvation showed a pronounced secretory phenotype. Overall, the present work has identified gene expression signatures which can distinguish quiescence from senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Anwar
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Vasant Kunj, Delhi, India.,Cedars-Sinai Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bijoya Sen
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Vasant Kunj, Delhi, India
| | - Savera Aggarwal
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Vasant Kunj, Delhi, India
| | - Rhisita Nath
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Vasant Kunj, Delhi, India
| | - Niteen Pathak
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Laboratory Block, Nampally 2, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | | | | | - Sanjeev Khosla
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Laboratory Block, Nampally 2, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tanabe K. Microtubule Depolymerization by Kinase Inhibitors: Unexpected Findings of Dual Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122508. [PMID: 29168788 PMCID: PMC5751111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents are widely used as clinical drugs in the treatment of cancer. However, some kinase inhibitors can also disrupt microtubule organization by directly binding to tubulin. These unexpected effects may result in a plethora of harmful events and/or a misinterpretation of the experimental results. Thus, further studies are needed to understand these dual inhibitors. In this review, I discuss the roles of dual inhibitors of kinase activity and microtubule function as well as describe the properties underlining their dual roles. Since both kinase and microtubule inhibitors cause cell toxicity and cell cycle arrest, it is difficult to determine which inhibitor is responsible for each phenotype. A discrimination of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 or G2/M and/or image analyses of cellular phenotype may eventually lead to new insights on drug duality. Because of the indispensable roles of microtubules in mitosis and vesicle transport, I propose a simple and easy method to identify microtubule depolymerizing compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tanabe
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vidaki A, Ballard D, Aliferi A, Miller TH, Barron LP, Syndercombe Court D. DNA methylation-based forensic age prediction using artificial neural networks and next generation sequencing. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 28:225-236. [PMID: 28254385 PMCID: PMC5392537 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to estimate the age of the donor from recovered biological material at a crime scene can be of substantial value in forensic investigations. Aging can be complex and is associated with various molecular modifications in cells that accumulate over a person's lifetime including epigenetic patterns. The aim of this study was to use age-specific DNA methylation patterns to generate an accurate model for the prediction of chronological age using data from whole blood. In total, 45 age-associated CpG sites were selected based on their reported age coefficients in a previous extensive study and investigated using publicly available methylation data obtained from 1156 whole blood samples (aged 2-90 years) analysed with Illumina's genome-wide methylation platforms (27K/450K). Applying stepwise regression for variable selection, 23 of these CpG sites were identified that could significantly contribute to age prediction modelling and multiple regression analysis carried out with these markers provided an accurate prediction of age (R2=0.92, mean absolute error (MAE)=4.6 years). However, applying machine learning, and more specifically a generalised regression neural network model, the age prediction significantly improved (R2=0.96) with a MAE=3.3 years for the training set and 4.4 years for a blind test set of 231 cases. The machine learning approach used 16 CpG sites, located in 16 different genomic regions, with the top 3 predictors of age belonged to the genes NHLRC1, SCGN and CSNK1D. The proposed model was further tested using independent cohorts of 53 monozygotic twins (MAE=7.1 years) and a cohort of 1011 disease state individuals (MAE=7.2 years). Furthermore, we highlighted the age markers' potential applicability in samples other than blood by predicting age with similar accuracy in 265 saliva samples (R2=0.96) with a MAE=3.2 years (training set) and 4.0 years (blind test). In an attempt to create a sensitive and accurate age prediction test, a next generation sequencing (NGS)-based method able to quantify the methylation status of the selected 16 CpG sites was developed using the Illumina MiSeq® platform. The method was validated using DNA standards of known methylation levels and the age prediction accuracy has been initially assessed in a set of 46 whole blood samples. Although the resulted prediction accuracy using the NGS data was lower compared to the original model (MAE=7.5years), it is expected that future optimization of our strategy to account for technical variation as well as increasing the sample size will improve both the prediction accuracy and reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Vidaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Forensic Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK.
| | - David Ballard
- Department of Pharmacy and Forensic Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK.
| | - Anastasia Aliferi
- Department of Pharmacy and Forensic Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Thomas H Miller
- Department of Pharmacy and Forensic Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Leon P Barron
- Department of Pharmacy and Forensic Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Denise Syndercombe Court
- Department of Pharmacy and Forensic Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Greer YE, Gao B, Yang Y, Nussenzweig A, Rubin JS. Lack of Casein Kinase 1 Delta Promotes Genomic Instability - The Accumulation of DNA Damage and Down-Regulation of Checkpoint Kinase 1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170903. [PMID: 28125685 PMCID: PMC5268481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) is a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates diverse cellular processes. Mice lacking CK1δ have a perinatal lethal phenotype and typically weigh 30% less than their wild type littermates. However, the causes of death and small size are unknown. We observed cells with abnormally large nuclei in tissue from Csnk1d null embryos, and multiple centrosomes in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) deficient in CK1δ (MEFCsnk1d null). Results from γ-H2AX staining and the comet assay demonstrated significant DNA damage in MEFCsnk1d null cells. These cells often contain micronuclei, an indicator of genomic instability. Similarly, abrogation of CK1δ expression in control MEFs stimulated micronuclei formation after doxorubicin treatment, suggesting that CK1δ loss increases vulnerability to genotoxic stress. Cellular levels of total and activated checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), which functions in the DNA damage response and mitotic checkpoints, and its downstream effector, Cdc2/CDK1 kinase, were often decreased in MEFCsnk1d null cells as well as in control MEFs transfected with CK1δ siRNA. Hydroxyurea-induced Chk1 activation, as measured by Ser345 phosphorylation, and nuclear localization also were impaired in MEF cells following siRNA knockdown of CK1δ. Similar results were observed in the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. The decreases in phosphorylated Chk1 were rescued by concomitant expression of siRNA-resistant CK1δ. Experiments with cycloheximide demonstrated that the stability of Chk1 protein was diminished in cells subjected to CK1δ knockdown. Together, these findings suggest that CK1δ contributes to the efficient repair of DNA damage and the proper functioning of mitotic checkpoints by maintaining appropriate levels of Chk1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Endo Greer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YEG); (JSR)
| | - Bo Gao
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andre Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Rubin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YEG); (JSR)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Casein kinase 1 is recruited to nuclear speckles by FAM83H and SON. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34472. [PMID: 27681590 PMCID: PMC5041083 DOI: 10.1038/srep34472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In some fibroblasts, casein kinase 1α (CK1α) is localized to nuclear speckles, which are sub-nuclear compartments supplying splicing factors, whereas it is recruited on keratin filaments in colorectal cancer cells such as DLD1 cells. In order to obtain a deeper understanding of why CK1α is localized to these different subcellular sites, we herein elucidated the mechanisms underlying its localization to nuclear speckles. CK1α and FAM83H were localized to nuclear speckles in RKO and WiDr colorectal cancer cells, which do not express simple epithelial keratins, and in DLD1 cells transfected with siRNAs for type I keratins. The localization of FAM83H to nuclear speckles was also detected in colorectal cancer cells with a poorly organized keratin cytoskeleton in colorectal cancer tissues. Using an interactome analysis of FAM83H, we identified SON, a protein present in nuclear speckles, as a scaffold protein to which FAM83H recruits CK1α. This result was supported by the knockdown of FAM83H or SON delocalizing CK1α from nuclear speckles. We also found that CK1δ and ε are localized to nuclear speckles in a FAM83H-dependent manner. These results suggest that CK1 is recruited to nuclear speckles by FAM83H and SON in the absence of an intact keratin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sinnberg T, Wang J, Sauer B, Schittek B. Casein kinase 1α has a non-redundant and dominant role within the CK1 family in melanoma progression. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:594. [PMID: 27488834 PMCID: PMC4973074 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously identified CK1α as a novel tumor suppressor in melanoma and reported that the loss of CK1α leads to increased proliferation and invasive growth of melanoma cells by strong activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods In this study we analyzed expression and the functional effects of the dominantly expressed CK1- isoforms α, δ and ε in melanoma cells by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. We down-regulated CK1 kinase activity with isoform specific siRNAs and small molecule inhibitors. Vice versa we overexpressed the CK1 isoforms α, δ and ε using viral vectors and tested the biological effects on melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Results We show that protein expression of all three CK1-isoforms is downregulated in metastatic melanoma cells compared to benign melanocytic cells. Furthermore, the CK1δ and ε isoforms are able to negatively regulate expression of each other, whereas CK1α expression is independently regulated in melanoma cells. Inhibition of the expression and activity of CK1δ or CK1ε by specific inhibitors or siRNAs had no significant effect on the growth and survival of metastatic melanoma cells. Moreover, the over-expression of CK1δ or CK1ε in melanoma cells failed to induce cell death and cell cycle arrest although p53 signaling was activated. This is in contrast to the effects of CK1α where up-regulated expression induces cell death and apoptosis in metastatic melanoma cells. Conclusion These data indicate that CK1α has a dominant and non-redundant function in melanoma cells and that the CK1δ and ε isoforms are not substantially involved in melanoma progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2643-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr 25, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr 25, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Sauer
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr 25, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr 25, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Krüger M, Kalbacher H, Kastritis PL, Bischof J, Barth H, Henne-Bruns D, Vorgias C, Sarno S, Pinna LA, Knippschild U. New potential peptide therapeutics perturbing CK1δ/α-tubulin interaction. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:375-383. [PMID: 26996302 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Members of the CK1 family are highly conserved serine/threonine specific kinases being expressed in all eukaryotes. They are involved in many cellular processes and therefore tightly regulated. A central mechanism to modulate CK1 activity is via interaction with cellular proteins. CK1δ interacts with α-/β-tubulin and is involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics. Therefore, it is important to identify the structural elements responsible for the interaction between these proteins. Using a peptide library covering the human CK1δ amino acid sequence in SPR and ELISA analyses, we identified peptide 39 (P39), encompassing aa361-aa375 of CK1δ, as a prominent binding partner of α-tubulin. P39 decreases α-tubulin phosphorylation by CK1δ and reduces the thermodynamic stability of α-tubulin in fluorescence thermal shift assays. Furthermore, P39 induces an inhibition of mitotic progression and a disruption of cells entering mitosis in CV-1 cells. Taken together our data provide valuable information regarding the interaction of CK1δ and α-tubulin and a novel approach for the development of pharmacological tools to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Krüger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Kalbacher
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Constantinos Vorgias
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jang HW, Kim SW, Cho YJ, Heo K, Lee BI, Lee SK, Jang IJ, Lee MG, Kim WJ, Lee JH. GWAS identifies two susceptibility loci for lamotrigine-induced skin rash in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2015. [PMID: 26220383 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lamotrigine (LTG)-induced maculopapular eruption (MPE) often causes treatment discontinuation and rising burdens on current healthcare systems. We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify novel susceptibility loci associated with LTG-induced MPE in patients with epilepsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled patients with LTG-induced MPE (n=34) and utilized the Korea Association Resource project cohort as a control group (n=1214). We explored associations between LTG-induced MPE and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through imputation and replicated these associations in samples from 59 LTG-induced MPE cases and 98 LTG tolerant-controls. RESULTS We found two novel SNPs associated with LTG-induced MPE: rs12668095 near CRAMP1L/TMEM204/IFT140/HN1L (P=4.89×10(-7)) and rs79007183 near TNS3 (P=3.15×10(-10)), both of which were replicated in an independent cohort. CONCLUSION These two validated SNPs may be good candidate markers for predicting LTG-induced MPE in epilepsy patients, although further experimental validation is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Won Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Won Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Je Cho
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung In Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Peng Y, Moritz M, Han X, Giddings TH, Lyon A, Kollman J, Winey M, Yates J, Agard DA, Drubin DG, Barnes G. Interaction of CK1δ with γTuSC ensures proper microtubule assembly and spindle positioning. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2505-18. [PMID: 25971801 PMCID: PMC4571304 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) family members associate with microtubule-organizing centers from yeast to humans. Budding yeast CK1δ, Hrr25, directly phosphorylated γTuSC proteins in vivo and in vitro, and this phosphorylation promoted δTuSC integrity and activity in biochemical assays. Casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) family members associate with microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) from yeast to humans, but their mitotic roles and targets have yet to be identified. We show here that budding yeast CK1δ, Hrr25, is a γ-tubulin small complex (γTuSC) binding factor. Moreover, Hrr25's association with γTuSC depends on its kinase activity and its noncatalytic central domain. Loss of Hrr25 kinase activity resulted in assembly of unusually long cytoplasmic microtubules and defects in spindle positioning, consistent with roles in regulation of γTuSC-mediated microtubule nucleation and the Kar9 spindle-positioning pathway, respectively. Hrr25 directly phosphorylated γTuSC proteins in vivo and in vitro, and this phosphorylation promoted γTuSC integrity and activity. Because CK1δ and γTuSC are highly conserved and present at MTOCs in diverse eukaryotes, similar regulatory mechanisms are expected to apply generally in eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Peng
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Michelle Moritz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Xuemei Han
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Thomas H Giddings
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Andrew Lyon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Justin Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Mark Winey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - John Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - David A Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Georjana Barnes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Penas C, Govek EE, Fang Y, Ramachandran V, Daniel M, Wang W, Maloof ME, Rahaim RJ, Bibian M, Kawauchi D, Finkelstein D, Han JL, Long J, Li B, Robbins DJ, Malumbres M, Roussel MF, Roush WR, Hatten ME, Ayad NG. Casein kinase 1δ is an APC/C(Cdh1) substrate that regulates cerebellar granule cell neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2015; 11:249-60. [PMID: 25843713 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) is at the center of multiple signaling pathways, its role in the expansion of CNS progenitor cells is unknown. Using mouse cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCPs) as a model for brain neurogenesis, we demonstrate that the loss of CK1δ or treatment of GCPs with a highly selective small molecule inhibits GCP expansion. In contrast, CK1δ overexpression increases GCP proliferation. Thus, CK1δ appears to regulate GCP neurogenesis. CK1δ is targeted for proteolysis via the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C(Cdh1)) ubiquitin ligase, and conditional deletion of the APC/C(Cdh1) activator Cdh1 in cerebellar GCPs results in higher levels of CK1δ. APC/C(Cdh1) also downregulates CK1δ during cell-cycle exit. Therefore, we conclude that APC/C(Cdh1) controls CK1δ levels to balance proliferation and cell-cycle exit in the developing CNS. Similar studies in medulloblastoma cells showed that CK1δ holds promise as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Penas
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eve-Ellen Govek
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yin Fang
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vimal Ramachandran
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mark Daniel
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marie E Maloof
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ronald J Rahaim
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mathieu Bibian
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeng-Liang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jun Long
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David J Robbins
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mary E Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghalei H, Schaub FX, Doherty JR, Noguchi Y, Roush WR, Cleveland JL, Stroupe ME, Karbstein K. Hrr25/CK1δ-directed release of Ltv1 from pre-40S ribosomes is necessary for ribosome assembly and cell growth. J Cell Biol 2015; 208:745-59. [PMID: 25778921 PMCID: PMC4362465 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201409056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1δ/ε (CK1δ/ε) and their yeast homologue Hrr25 are essential for cell growth. Further, CK1δ is overexpressed in several malignancies, and CK1δ inhibitors have shown promise in several preclinical animal studies. However, the substrates of Hrr25 and CK1δ/ε that are necessary for cell growth and survival are unknown. We show that Hrr25 is essential for ribosome assembly, where it phosphorylates the assembly factor Ltv1, which causes its release from nascent 40S subunits and allows subunit maturation. Hrr25 inactivation or expression of a nonphosphorylatable Ltv1 variant blocked Ltv1 release in vitro and in vivo, and prevented entry into the translation-like quality control cycle. Conversely, phosphomimetic Ltv1 variants rescued viability after Hrr25 depletion. Finally, Ltv1 knockdown in human breast cancer cells impaired apoptosis induced by CK1δ/ε inhibitors, establishing that the antiproliferative activity of these inhibitors is due, at least in part, to disruption of ribosome assembly. These findings validate the ribosome assembly pathway as a novel target for the development of anticancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Homa Ghalei
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Franz X Schaub
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Joanne R Doherty
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - M Elizabeth Stroupe
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 Department of Biological Science and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Katrin Karbstein
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Biological functions of casein kinase 1 isoforms and putative roles in tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:231. [PMID: 25306547 PMCID: PMC4201705 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoforms of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family have been shown to phosphorylate key regulatory molecules involved in cell cycle, transcription and translation, the structure of the cytoskeleton, cell-cell adhesion and receptor-coupled signal transduction. They regulate key signaling pathways known to be critically involved in tumor progression. Recent results point to an altered expression or activity of different CK1 isoforms in tumor cells. This review summarizes the expression and biological function of CK1 family members in normal and malignant cells and the evidence obtained so far about their role in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hindle MM, Martin SF, Noordally ZB, van Ooijen G, Barrios-Llerena ME, Simpson TI, Le Bihan T, Millar AJ. The reduced kinome of Ostreococcus tauri: core eukaryotic signalling components in a tractable model species. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:640. [PMID: 25085202 PMCID: PMC4143559 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current knowledge of eukaryote signalling originates from phenotypically diverse organisms. There is a pressing need to identify conserved signalling components among eukaryotes, which will lead to the transfer of knowledge across kingdoms. Two useful properties of a eukaryote model for signalling are (1) reduced signalling complexity, and (2) conservation of signalling components. The alga Ostreococcus tauri is described as the smallest free-living eukaryote. With less than 8,000 genes, it represents a highly constrained genomic palette. RESULTS Our survey revealed 133 protein kinases and 34 protein phosphatases (1.7% and 0.4% of the proteome). We conducted phosphoproteomic experiments and constructed domain structures and phylogenies for the catalytic protein-kinases. For each of the major kinases families we review the completeness and divergence of O. tauri representatives in comparison to the well-studied kinomes of the laboratory models Arabidopsis thaliana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and of Homo sapiens. Many kinase clades in O. tauri were reduced to a single member, in preference to the loss of family diversity, whereas TKL and ABC1 clades were expanded. We also identified kinases that have been lost in A. thaliana but retained in O. tauri. For three, contrasting eukaryotic pathways - TOR, MAPK, and the circadian clock - we established the subset of conserved components and demonstrate conserved sites of substrate phosphorylation and kinase motifs. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that O. tauri satisfies our two central requirements. Several of its kinases are more closely related to H. sapiens orthologs than S. cerevisiae is to H. sapiens. The greatly reduced kinome of O. tauri is therefore a suitable model for signalling in free-living eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Millar
- SynthSys and School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Microtubules depolymerization caused by the CK1 inhibitor IC261 may be not mediated by CK1 blockage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100090. [PMID: 24937750 PMCID: PMC4061085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine specific casein kinase 1 (CK1) family plays important roles in the regulation of various physiological processes. Small-molecule inhibitors, such as the CK1δ/ε selectively inhibitor IC261, have been used to antagonize CK1 phosphorylation events in cells in many studies. Here we present data to show that, similarly to the microtubule destabilizing agent nocodazole, IC261 depolymerizes microtubules in interphase cells. IC261 treatment of interphase cells affects the morphology of the TGN and Golgi apparatus as well as the localization of CK1δ, which co-localizes with COPI positive membranes. IC261-induced depolymerization of microtubules is rapid, reversible and can be antagonized by pre-treatment of cells with taxol. At lower concentrations of IC261, mitotic spindle microtubule dynamics are affected; this leads to cell cycle arrest and, depending on the cellular background, to apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, FACS analysis revealed that IC261 could induce apoptosis independent of cell cycle arrest. In summary this study provides additional and valuable information about various IC261-induced effects that could be caused by microtubule depolymerization rather than by inhibition of CK1. Data from studies that have used IC261 as an inhibitor of CK1 should be interpreted in light of these observations.
Collapse
|
28
|
Knippschild U, Krüger M, Richter J, Xu P, García-Reyes B, Peifer C, Halekotte J, Bakulev V, Bischof J. The CK1 Family: Contribution to Cellular Stress Response and Its Role in Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2014; 4:96. [PMID: 24904820 PMCID: PMC4032983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed pleiotropic CK1 family play major regulatory roles in many cellular processes including DNA-processing and repair, proliferation, cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. As a consequence of cellular stress conditions, interaction of CK1 with the mitotic spindle is manifold increased pointing to regulatory functions at the mitotic checkpoint. Furthermore, CK1 is able to alter the activity of key proteins in signal transduction and signal integration molecules. In line with this notion, CK1 is tightly connected to the regulation and degradation of β-catenin, p53, and MDM2. Considering the importance of CK1 for accurate cell division and regulation of tumor suppressor functions, it is not surprising that mutations and alterations in the expression and/or activity of CK1 isoforms are often detected in various tumor entities including cancer of the kidney, choriocarcinomas, breast carcinomas, oral cancer, adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, scientific effort has enormously increased (i) to understand the regulation of CK1 and its involvement in tumorigenesis- and tumor progression-related signal transduction pathways and (ii) to develop CK1-specific inhibitors for the use in personalized therapy concepts. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding CK1 regulation, function, and interaction with cellular proteins playing central roles in cellular stress-responses and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Marc Krüger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Balbina García-Reyes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Jakob Halekotte
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University , Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Greer YE, Westlake CJ, Gao B, Bharti K, Shiba Y, Xavier CP, Pazour GJ, Yang Y, Rubin JS. Casein kinase 1δ functions at the centrosome and Golgi to promote ciliogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1629-40. [PMID: 24648492 PMCID: PMC4019494 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CK1δ acts at the centrosome and Golgi to support polarized transport for ciliogenesis. It controls distribution of ciliary effectors Rab11, Rab8, CEP290, PCM1, and IFT20 and also promotes MT nucleation at the Golgi and positioning and integrity of the Golgi. Interaction of CK1δ with AKAP450 mediates Golgi MT nucleation and ciliogenesis. Inhibition of casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) blocks primary ciliogenesis in human telomerase reverse transcriptase immortalized retinal pigmented epithelial and mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells-3. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and retinal cells from Csnk1d (CK1δ)-null mice also exhibit ciliogenesis defects. CK1δ catalytic activity and centrosomal localization signal (CLS) are required to rescue cilia formation in MEFsCsnk1d null. Furthermore, expression of a truncated derivative containing the CLS displaces full-length CK1δ from the centrosome and decreases ciliary length in control MEFs, suggesting that centrosomal CK1δ has a role in ciliogenesis. CK1δ inhibition also alters pericentrosomal or ciliary distribution of several proteins involved in ciliary transport, including Ras-like in rat brain-11A, Ras-like in rat brain-8A, centrosomal protein of 290 kDa, pericentriolar material protein 1, and polycystin-2, as well as the Golgi distribution of its binding partner, A-kinase anchor protein 450 (AKAP450). As reported for AKAP450, CK1δ was required for microtubule nucleation at the Golgi and maintenance of Golgi integrity. Overexpression of an AKAP450 fragment containing the CK1δ-binding site inhibits Golgi-derived microtubule nucleation, Golgi distribution of intraflagellar transport protein 20 homologue, and ciliogenesis. Our results suggest that CK1δ mediates primary ciliogenesis by multiple mechanisms, one involving its centrosomal function and another dependent on its interaction with AKAP450 at the Golgi, where it is important for maintaining Golgi organization and polarized trafficking of multiple factors that mediate ciliary transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Endo Greer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Bo Gao
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yoko Shiba
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Charles P Xavier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeffrey S Rubin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Y, Hu L, Tong X, Ye X. Casein kinase 1γ1 inhibits the RIG-I/TLR signaling pathway through phosphorylating p65 and promoting its degradation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:1855-61. [PMID: 24442433 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The casein kinase 1 (CK1) plays an important role in various biological processes by phosphorylating its target proteins. In this study, we demonstrate that CK1γ1 inhibits RNA virus-mediated activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling by affecting the stability of NF-κB subunit p65. First, we found that ectopic expression of CK1γ1 inhibits RIG-I pathway-mediated activation of IFN-β, whereas knockdown of CK1γ1 potentiates the activation of IFN-β and NF-κB induced by Sendai virus (SeV). We then revealed that CK1γ1 interacts with p65 and specifically enhances its phosphorylation at Ser(536) induced by SeV. By using an in vitro kinase assay, we confirmed that CK1γ1 can phosphorylate p65 at Ser(536). We also showed that the kinase dead mutants CK1γ1K73A and CK1γ1N169A did not inhibit SeV-induced activation of IFN-β and NF-κB, suggesting that the kinase activity of CK1γ1 is critical for its inhibitory effect on RIG-I signaling. Additionally, we found that CK1γ1 also has the similar effect on TLR signaling. Further analysis indicated that CK1γ1 phosphorylates p65 and consequently promotes its degradation by ubiquitin E3 ligases CUL2 and COMMD1. These results revealed a novel negative regulatory manner of CK1γ1 on innate immune signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yetao Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
CK1δ kinase activity is modulated by Chk1-mediated phosphorylation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68803. [PMID: 23861943 PMCID: PMC3701638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CK1δ, a member of the casein kinase 1 family, is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes and has been associated with the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Therefore recently, interest in generating highly specific inhibitors for personalized therapy has increased enormously. However, the efficacy of newly developed inhibitors is affected by the phosphorylation state of CK1δ. Cellular kinases phosphorylating CK1δ within its C-terminal domain have been identified but still more information regarding the role of site-specific phosphorylation in modulating the activity of CK1δ is required. Here we show that Chk1 phosphorylates rat CK1δ at serine residues 328, 331, 370, and threonine residue 397 as well as the human CK1δ transcription variants 1 and 2. CK1δ mutant proteins bearing one, two or three mutations at these identified phosphorylation sites exhibited significant differences in their kinetic properties compared to wild-type CK1δ. Additionally, CK1δ co-precipitates with Chk1 from HT1080 cell extracts and activation of cellular Chk1 resulted in a significant decrease in cellular CK1δ kinase activity. Taken together, these data point towards a possible regulatory relationship between Chk1 and CK1δ.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kumar A, Rajendran V, Sethumadhavan R, Purohit R. Relationship between a point mutation S97C in CK1δ protein and its affect on ATP-binding affinity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:394-405. [PMID: 23527964 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.770373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CK1δ (Casein kinase I isoform delta) is a member of CK1 kinase family protein that mediates neurite outgrowth and the function as brain-specific microtubule-associated protein. ATP binding kinase domain of CK1δ is essential for regulating several key cell cycle signal transduction pathways. Mutation in CK1δ protein is reported to cause cancers and affects normal brain development. S97C mutation in kinase domain of CK1δ protein has been involved to induce breast cancer and ductal carcinoma. We performed molecular docking studies to examine the effect of this mutation on its ATP-binding affinity. Further, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations to understand the structural consequences of S97C mutation over the kinase domain of CK1δ protein. Docking results indicated the loss of ATP-binding affinity of mutant structure, which were further rationalized by molecular dynamics simulations, where a notable loss in 3-D conformation of CK1δ kinase domain was observed in mutant as compared to native. Our results explained the underlying molecular mechanism behind the observed cancer associated phenotype caused by S97C mutation in CK1δ protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambuj Kumar
- a Bioinformatics Division , School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University , Vellore , 632014 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zyss D, Ebrahimi H, Gergely F. Casein kinase I delta controls centrosome positioning during T cell activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 195:781-97. [PMID: 22123863 PMCID: PMC3257584 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CK1delta binds and phosphorylates the microtubule plus-end–binding protein
EB1 and promotes centrosome translocation to the immunological synapse in T
cells. Although termed central body, the centrosome is located off-center in many
polarized cells. T cell receptor (TCR) engagement by antigens induces a polarity
switch in T cells. This leads to the recruitment of the centrosome to the
immunological synapse (IS), a specialized cell–cell junction. Despite
much recent progress, how TCR signaling triggers centrosome repositioning
remains poorly understood. In this paper, we uncover a critical requirement for
the centrosomal casein kinase I delta (CKIδ) in centrosome translocation
to the IS. CKIδ binds and phosphorylates the microtubule
plus-end–binding protein EB1. Moreover, a putative EB1-binding motif at
the C terminus of CKIδ is required for centrosome translocation to the
IS. We find that depletion of CKIδ in T lymphocytes and inhibition of CKI
in epithelial cells reduce microtubule growth. Therefore, we propose that
CKIδ–EB1 complexes contribute to the increase in microtubule
growth speeds observed in polarized T cells, a mechanism that might serve to
generate long-stable microtubules necessary for centrosome translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Zyss
- Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, England, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bischof J, Müller A, Fänder M, Knippschild U, Fischer D. Neurite outgrowth of mature retinal ganglion cells and PC12 cells requires activity of CK1δ and CK1ε. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20857. [PMID: 21698236 PMCID: PMC3116831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) do not normally regenerate severed axons after optic nerve injury and show only little neurite outgrowth in culture. However, RGCs can be transformed into an active regenerative state after lens injury (LI) enabling these neurons to regrow axons in vitro and in vivo. In the current study we investigated the role of CK1δ and CK1ε activity in neurite outgrowth of LI stimulated RGCs and nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulated PC12 cells, respectively. In both cell types CK1δ and ε were localized in granular particles aligned at microtubules in neurites and growth cones. Although LI treatment did not measurably affect the expression of CK1δ and ε, it significantly elevated the specific kinase activity in the retina. Similarly, CK1δ/ε specific kinase activity was also elevated in NGF treated PC12 cells compared with untreated controls. Neurite extension in PC12 cells was associated with a change in the activity of CK1δ C-terminal targeting kinases, suggesting that activity of these kinases might be necessary for neurite outgrowth. Pharmacological inactivation of CK1δ and ε markedly compromised neurite outgrowth of both, PC12 cells and LI stimulated RGCs in a concentration dependent manner. These data provide evidence for a so far unknown, but essential role of CK1 isoforms in neurite growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Bischof
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adrienne Müller
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Fänder
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (UK); (DF)
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (UK); (DF)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wirschell M, Yamamoto R, Alford L, Gokhale A, Gaillard A, Sale WS. Regulation of ciliary motility: conserved protein kinases and phosphatases are targeted and anchored in the ciliary axoneme. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 510:93-100. [PMID: 21513695 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has revealed that the dynein motors and highly conserved signaling proteins are localized within the ciliary 9+2 axoneme. One key mechanism for regulation of motility is phosphorylation. Here, we review diverse evidence, from multiple experimental organisms, that ciliary motility is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the dynein arms through kinases and phosphatases that are anchored immediately adjacent to their axonemal substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Wirschell
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ikeda K, Zhapparova O, Brodsky I, Semenova I, Tirnauer JS, Zaliapin I, Rodionov V. CK1 activates minus-end-directed transport of membrane organelles along microtubules. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1321-9. [PMID: 21307338 PMCID: PMC3078062 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-09-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that the signal transduction pathway responsible for the initiation of minus-end–directed movement of membrane-bounded pigment granules in melanophores involves sequential activation of protein phosphatase 2A and casein kinase 1 and that this activation correlates with increased phosphorylation of the dynein intermediate chain. Microtubule (MT)-based organelle transport is driven by MT motor proteins that move cargoes toward MT minus-ends clustered in the cell center (dyneins) or plus-ends extended to the periphery (kinesins). Cells are able to rapidly switch the direction of transport in response to external cues, but the signaling events that control switching remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the signaling mechanism responsible for the rapid activation of dynein-dependent MT minus-end–directed pigment granule movement in Xenopus melanophores (pigment aggregation). We found that, along with the previously identified protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), pigment aggregation signaling also involved casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε), that both enzymes were bound to pigment granules, and that their activities were increased during pigment aggregation. Furthermore we found that CK1ε functioned downstream of PP2A in the pigment aggregation signaling pathway. Finally, we discovered that stimulation of pigment aggregation increased phosphorylation of dynein intermediate chain (DIC) and that this increase was partially suppressed by CK1ε inhibition. We propose that signal transduction during pigment aggregation involves successive activation of PP2A and CK1ε and CK1ε-dependent phosphorylation of DIC, which stimulates dynein motor activity and increases minus-end–directed runs of pigment granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Ikeda
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim MJ, Go YS, Lee SB, Kim YS, Shin JS, Min MK, Hwang I, Suh MC. Seed-expressed casein kinase I acts as a positive regulator of the SeFAD2 promoter via phosphorylation of the SebHLH transcription factor. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 73:425-37. [PMID: 20349267 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal oleic acid desaturase (FAD2) catalyzes the first committed step of the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids via extra-plastidial desaturation of oleic acid to linoleic acid. In the regulatory mechanism controlling seed-specific SeFAD2 expression, trans-activation of the seed-specific SeFAD2 promoter is mediated by the SebHLH transcription factor (Kim et al. in Plant Mol Biol 64:453-466, 2007). In this study, a protein interacting with SebHLH was isolated from yeast two-hybrid analysis. The protein shares approximately 80% sequence identity with other putative casein kinases and was named SeCKI (Sesame Casein Kinase I). SeCKI transcripts were predominantly expressed in developing sesame seeds and were induced approximately threefold by exogenous application of ABA. eGFP:SeCKI fusion protein was localized to the nucleus. The SeCKI protein specifically bound to SebHLH. The SeCKI protein was autophosphorylated in a calcium-independent manner and transphosphorylated the SebHLH protein. Both the SebHLH and the SeCKI genes or both the SebHLH and mutated SemCKI (K182G) genes, under the control of CaMV 35S promoter, and the GUS reporter gene driven by SeFAD2 promoter containing E- and G-Box motifs were co-expressed in developing sesame seeds. This co-expression revealed that SeCKI enhanced the SebHLH-mediated transactivation of the SeFAD2 gene promoter via phosphorylation of the SebHLH transcription factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nyati S, Ranga R, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A, Bhojani MS. Molecular imaging of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and casein kinase-1alpha kinases. Anal Biochem 2010; 405:246-54. [PMID: 20561505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) and casein kinase-1alpha (CK1alpha) are multifunctional kinases that play critical roles in the regulation of a number of cellular processes. In spite of their importance, molecular imaging tools for noninvasive and real-time monitoring of their kinase activities have not been devised. Here we report development of the bioluminescent GSK3beta and CK1alpha reporter (BGCR) based on firefly luciferase complementation. Treatment of SW620 cells stably expressing the reporter with inhibitors of GSK3beta (SB415286 and LiCl) or CK1alpha (CKI-7) resulted in dose- and time-dependent increases in BGCR activity that were validated using Western blotting. No increase in bioluminescence was observed in the case of S37A mutant (GSK3beta inhibitors) or S45A mutant (CKI-7), demonstrating the specificity of the reporter. Imaging of mice tumor xenograft generated with BGCR-expressing SW620 cells following treatment with LiCl showed unique oscillations in GSK3beta activity that were corroborated by phosphorylated GSK3beta immunoblotting. Taken together, the BGCR is a novel molecular imaging tool that reveals unique insight into GSK3beta and CK1alpha kinase activities and may provide a powerful tool in experimental therapeutics for rapid optimization of dose and schedule of targeted therapies and for monitoring therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dai C, Xue HW. Rice early flowering1, a CKI, phosphorylates DELLA protein SLR1 to negatively regulate gibberellin signalling. EMBO J 2010; 29:1916-27. [PMID: 20400938 PMCID: PMC2885930 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) is crucial for multiple aspects of plant growth and development. To study the relevant regulatory mechanisms, we isolated a rice mutant earlier flowering1, el1, which is deficient in a casein kinase I that has critical roles in both plants and animals. el1 had an enhanced GA response, consistent with the suppression of EL1 expression by exogenous GA3. Biochemical characterization showed that EL1 specifically phosphorylates the rice DELLA protein SLR1, proving a direct evidence for SLR1 phosphorylation. Overexpression of SLR1 in wild-type plants caused a severe dwarf phenotype, which was significantly suppressed by EL1 deficiency, indicating the negative effect of SLR1 on GA signalling requires the EL1 function. Further studies showed that the phosphorylation of SLR1 is important for maintaining its activity and stability, and mutation of the candidate phosphorylation site of SLR1 results in the altered GA signalling. This study shows EL1 a novel and key regulator of the GA response and provided important clues on casein kinase I activities in GA signalling and plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ben-Nissan G, Yang Y, Lee JY. Partitioning of casein kinase 1-like 6 to late endosome-like vesicles. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 240:45-56. [PMID: 19941015 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-009-0087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Members of the casein kinase 1 family are highly conserved protein Ser/Thr kinases found in all eukaryotes. They are involved in various cellular, physiological, and developmental processes, but the role of this family of kinase in plants is not well known. By localization studies employing fluorescent live cell imaging and biochemical membrane fractionation, here we showed that Arabidopsis casein kinase-like 6 (CKL6) localizes to motile vesicle-like structures that cofractionate with prevacuolar markers. They were found both in the cytoplasm and at the cell periphery and were motile within the cell. Apparently, this motility was dependent on actin filaments and CKL6-positive vesicles partially colocalized with a late endosomal compartment. However, CKL6-positive structures were not sensitive to brefeldin A nor wortmannin treatment, suggesting that they may belong to a novel compartment. Association of CKL6-positive structures with the cell periphery at the cellular junctions was detected after separation of the protoplasts by plasmolysis. Collectively, these data led us to propose that CKL6 is associated with late endosomal-like compartments that are not fully characterized and may play a role in cellular processes important for regulating components in membrane trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Venerando A, Marin O, Cozza G, Bustos VH, Sarno S, Pinna LA. Isoform specific phosphorylation of p53 by protein kinase CK1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1105-18. [PMID: 20041275 PMCID: PMC11115815 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of three isoforms of protein kinase CK1 (alpha, gamma(1), and delta) to phosphorylate the N-terminal region of p53 has been assessed using either recombinant p53 or a synthetic peptide reproducing its 1-28 sequence. Both substrates are readily phosphoylated by CK1delta and CK1alpha, but not by the gamma isoform. Affinity of full size p53 for CK1 is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of its N-terminal peptide (K (m) 0.82 muM vs 1.51 mM). The preferred target is S20, whose phosphorylation critically relies on E17, while S6 is unaffected despite displaying the same consensus (E-x-x-S). Our data support the concept that non-primed phosphorylation of p53 by CK1 is an isoform-specific reaction preferentially affecting S20 by a mechanism which is grounded both on a local consensus and on a remote docking site mapped to the K(221)RQK(224) loop according to modeling and mutational analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Venerando
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus, 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus, 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Victor H. Bustos
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus, 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Present Address: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus, 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Alberto Pinna
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus, 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Utz AC, Hirner H, Blatz A, Hillenbrand A, Schmidt B, Deppert W, Henne-Bruns D, Fischer D, Thal DR, Leithäuser F, Knippschild U. Analysis of cell type-specific expression of CK1 epsilon in various tissues of young adult BALB/c Mice and in mammary tumors of SV40 T-Ag-transgenic mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2009; 58:1-15. [PMID: 19755715 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2009.954628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1epsilon) is involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, vesicle transport, and control of the circadian rhythm. Deregulation of CK1epsilon has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. To better understand the cell type-specific functions of CK1epsilon, we determined its localization by immunhistochemistry in tissues of healthy, young adult BALB/c mice and in mammary tumors of SV40 T-antigen-transgenic mice. CK1epsilon expression was found to be highly regulated in normal tissues of endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal origin and in neoplastic tissue of mammary cancer. The data presented here give an overview of CK1epsilon reactivity in different organs under normal conditions and outline changes in its expression in mammary carcinomas. Our data suggest a cell/organ type-specific function of CK1epsilon and indicate that tumorigenic conversion of mammary glands in SV40 T-antigen-transgenic mice leads to downregulation of CK1epsilon. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja C Utz
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstr. 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gokhale A, Wirschell M, Sale WS. Regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding by the axonemal protein kinase CK1 in Chlamydomonas flagella. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 186:817-24. [PMID: 19752022 PMCID: PMC2753152 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200906168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CK1 puts the brakes on dynein activity when added to purified axonemes in vitro, presumably to regulate how flagella bend. Experimental analysis of isolated ciliary/flagellar axonemes has implicated the protein kinase casein kinase I (CK1) in regulation of dynein. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel in vitro reconstitution approach using purified recombinant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CK1, together with CK1-depleted axonemes from the paralyzed flagellar mutant pf17, which is defective in radial spokes and impaired in dynein-driven microtubule sliding. The CK1 inhibitors (DRB and CK1-7) and solubilization of CK1 restored microtubule sliding in pf17 axonemes, which is consistent with an inhibitory role for CK1. The phosphatase inhibitor microcystin-LR blocked rescue of microtubule sliding, indicating that the axonemal phosphatases, required for rescue, were retained in the CK1-depleted axonemes. Reconstitution of depleted axonemes with purified, recombinant CK1 restored inhibition of microtubule sliding in a DRB– and CK1-7–sensitive manner. In contrast, a purified “kinase-dead” CK1 failed to restore inhibition. These results firmly establish that an axonemal CK1 regulates dynein activity and flagellar motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lee JY. Versatile casein kinase 1: multiple locations and functions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:652-654. [PMID: 19820321 PMCID: PMC2710566 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.7.8991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Members of casein kinase 1 (CK1) are evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic protein kinases, which play fundamental roles in various cellular, physiological and developmental processes. One of the key mechanisms by which the activity of these multifunctional CK1 members is controlled appears to be their specific spatiotemporal compartmentalization within the cell. Plant genomes encode dozens of CK1 homologs, the function of which are not yet well characterized, however, evolutionary conservation of these genes predicts their fundamental roles in plants. Characterization of Arabidopsis CK1-like 6 (CKL6) that we have recently reported sheds new light on the existence of parallel and unique aspects of the mechanism involved in specific subcellular targeting as well as cellular function of CK1 in plants. In this addendum, I will focus my discussion on the versatility of CKL6 partitioning at different subcellular compartments and propose that this capability likely reflects its multiple functions in modulating an array of cellular targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Youn Lee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Giamas G, Castellano L, Feng Q, Knippschild U, Jacob J, Thomas RS, Coombes RC, Smith CL, Jiao LR, Stebbing J. CK1delta modulates the transcriptional activity of ERalpha via AIB1 in an estrogen-dependent manner and regulates ERalpha-AIB1 interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:3110-23. [PMID: 19339517 PMCID: PMC2685087 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenesis in breast cancer often requires the overexpression of the nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1/SRC-3 acting in conjunction with estrogen receptor-α (ERα). Phosphorylation of both ERα and AIB1 has been shown to have profound effects on their functions. In addition, proteasome-mediated degradation plays a major role by regulating their stability and activity. CK1δ, a member of the ubiquitous casein kinase-1 family, is implicated in the progression of breast cancer. In this study, we show that both ERα and AIB1 are substrates for CK1δ in vitro, and identify a novel AIB1 phosphorylation site (S601) targeted by CK1δ, significant for the co-activator function of AIB1. CK1δ is able to interact with ERα and AIB1 in vivo, while overexpression of CK1δ in breast cancer cells results in an increased association of ERα with AIB1 as confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation assays from cell lysates. Using an siRNA-based approach, luciferase reporter assays and qRT-PCR, we observe that silencing of CK1δ leads to reduced ERα transcriptional activity, despite increased ERα levels, similarly to proteasome inhibition. We provide evidence that AIB1 protein levels are reduced by CK1δ silencing, in an estradiol-dependent manner; such destabilization can be inhibited by pre-treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. We propose that differing activities adopted by ERα and AIB1 as a consequence of their interactions with and phosphorylation by CK1δ, particularly AIB1 stabilization, influence the transcriptional activity of ERα, and therefore have a role in breast cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Giamas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Löhler J, Hirner H, Schmidt B, Kramer K, Fischer D, Thal DR, Leithäuser F, Knippschild U. Immunohistochemical characterisation of cell-type specific expression of CK1delta in various tissues of young adult BALB/c mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4174. [PMID: 19137063 PMCID: PMC2613528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Casein kinase 1 delta (CK1delta) phosphorylates many key proteins playing important roles in such biological processes as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, circadian rhythm and vesicle transport. Furthermore, deregulation of CK1delta has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this study, the cell specific distribution of CK1delta in various tissues and organs of young adult BALB/c mice was analysed by immunohistochemistry. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Immunohistochemical staining of CK1delta was performed using three different antibodies against CK1delta. A high expression of CK1delta was found in a variety of tissues and organ systems and in several cell types of endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal origin. CONCLUSIONS These results give an overview of the cell-type specific expression of CK1delta in different organs under normal conditions. Thus, they provide evidence for possible cell-type specific functions of CK1delta, where CK1delta can interact with and modulate the activity of key regulator proteins by site directed phosphorylation. Furthermore, they provide the basis for future analyses of CK1delta in these tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Löhler
- Molecular Pathology Group, Heinrich-Pette-Institute for Experimental Immunology and Virology, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Hirner
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmidt
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Kramer
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dietmar R. Thal
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ben-Nissan G, Cui W, Kim DJ, Yang Y, Yoo BC, Lee JY. Arabidopsis casein kinase 1-like 6 contains a microtubule-binding domain and affects the organization of cortical microtubules,. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 4:652-4. [PMID: 18945931 PMCID: PMC2593671 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.129346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family are evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic protein kinases that are involved in various cellular, physiological, and developmental processes in yeast and metazoans, but the biological roles of CK1 members in plants are not well understood. Here, we report that an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CK1 member named casein kinase 1-like 6 (CKL6) associates with cortical microtubules in vivo and phosphorylates tubulins in vitro. The unique C-terminal domain of CKL6 was shown to contain the signal that allows localization of CKL6 to the cortical microtubules. This domain on its own was sufficient to associate with microtubules in vivo and to bind tubulins in vitro. CKL6 was able to phosphorylate soluble tubulins as well as microtubule polymers, and its endogenous activity was found to associate with a tubulin-enriched subcellular fraction. Two major in vitro phosphorylation sites were mapped to serine-413 and serine-420 of tubulin beta. Ectopic expression of wild-type CKL6 or a kinase-inactive mutant form induced alterations in cortical microtubule organization and anisotropic cell expansion. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CKL6 is a protein kinase containing a novel tubulin-binding domain and plays a role in anisotropic cell growth and shape formation in Arabidopsis through the regulation of microtubule organization, possibly through the phosphorylation of tubulins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Giamas G, Hirner H, Shoshiashvili L, Grothey A, Gessert S, Kühl M, Henne-Bruns D, Vorgias C, Knippschild U. Phosphorylation of CK1delta: identification of Ser370 as the major phosphorylation site targeted by PKA in vitro and in vivo. Biochem J 2007; 406:389-98. [PMID: 17594292 PMCID: PMC2049039 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of CK1 (casein kinase 1) delta in the regulation of multiple cellular processes implies a tight regulation of its activity on many different levels. At the protein level, reversible phosphorylation plays an important role in modulating the activity of CK1delta. In the present study, we show that PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase), Akt (protein kinase B), CLK2 (CDC-like kinase 2) and PKC (protein kinase C) alpha all phosphorylate CK1delta. PKA was identified as the major cellular CK1deltaCK (CK1delta C-terminal-targeted protein kinase) for the phosphorylation of CK1delta in vitro and in vivo. This was implied by the following evidence: PKA was detectable in the CK1deltaCK peak fraction of fractionated MiaPaCa-2 cell extracts, PKA shared nearly identical kinetic properties with those of CK1deltaCK, and both PKA and CK1deltaCK phosphorylated CK1delta at Ser370 in vitro. Furthermore, phosphorylation of CK1delta by PKA decreased substrate phosphorylation of CK1delta in vitro. Mutation of Ser370 to alanine increased the phosphorylation affinity of CK1delta for beta-casein and the GST (gluthatione S-transferase)-p53 1-64 fusion protein in vitro and enhanced the formation of an ectopic dorsal axis during Xenopus laevis development. Anchoring of PKA and CK1delta to centrosomes was mediated by AKAP (A-kinase-anchoring protein) 450. Interestingly, pre-incubation of MiaPaCa-2 cells with the synthetic peptide St-Ht31, which prevents binding between AKAP450 and the regulatory subunit RII of PKA, resulted in a 6-fold increase in the activity of CK1delta. In summary, we conclude that PKA phosphorylates CK1delta, predominantly at Ser370 in vitro and in vivo, and that site-specific phosphorylation of CK1delta by PKA plays an important role in modulating CK1delta-dependent processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Giamas
- *Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Heidrun Hirner
- *Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Levani Shoshiashvili
- *Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Arnhild Grothey
- *Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Gessert
- †Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Kühl
- †Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- *Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Constantinos E. Vorgias
- ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- *Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton: a role for a divergent canonical Wnt pathway. Trends Cell Biol 2007; 17:333-42. [PMID: 17643305 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wnts are signalling molecules implicated in normal development and in disease. Although Wnts can signal through three pathways, the canonical or beta-catenin pathway has been particularly studied because of its crucial role in embryonic patterning and cancer. It is well accepted that canonical Wnt signalling regulates gene expression by modulating the levels of beta-catenin, a co-activator of Tcf/Lef transcription factors. However, a divergent canonical Wnt pathway directly regulates the microtubule cytoskeleton. Interestingly, many components of the pathway are associated with the cytoskeleton and can act locally. Here I discuss recent evidence supporting a direct role for canonical Wnt signalling in microtubule regulation, and how this function sheds a new light into the mechanisms that regulate cell-fate determination and polarization.
Collapse
|
50
|
Lusk CP, Waller DD, Makhnevych T, Dienemann A, Whiteway M, Thomas DY, Wozniak RW. Nup53p is a target of two mitotic kinases, Cdk1p and Hrr25p. Traffic 2007; 8:647-60. [PMID: 17461799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) form channels across the nuclear envelope and provide the sole sites of molecular exchange between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. The NPC is a target of a number of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, yet the functions of these modifications are ill defined. Here, we have investigated the mitotic specific phosphorylation of a yeast nucleoporin Nup53p. Two kinases were identified that phosphorylate Nup53p: the mitotic kinase Cdk1p/Cdc2p/Cdc28p and the casein kinase Hrr25p. Hrr25p was identified by screening 119 yeast kinases for their ability to phosphorylate Nup53p in vitro. Conditional alleles of Hrr25p support the conclusion that Hrr25p phosphorylates Nup53p in vivo. We further demonstrated using solution binding and affinity purification assays, that Hrr25p directly binds Nup53p in an interaction that is destabilized by the phosphorylation of Nup53p. Consistent with this observation, we observed that Hrr25p moves between distinct locations in the cell during the cell cycle including the nucleus, the cortex of the emerging bud and the spindle pole bodies. Cdk1p also contributes to Nup53p phosphorylation as specific inhibition of Cdk1p or mutation of Cdk1p consensus sites partially blocked its phosphorylation. The ability of nup53 alleles containing Cdk1p site mutations to complement synthetic defects of nup53 Delta nup170 Delta strains is linked to a function for Nup53p in the spindle assembly checkpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Patrick Lusk
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|