1
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Bauer F, Knights AM, Hanley ME, Griffin JN, Foggo A, Brown A, Firth LB. Topography-based modulation of environmental factors as a mechanism for intertidal microhabitat formation: A basis for marine ecological design. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116358. [PMID: 38643588 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Topographic complexity is often considered to be closely associated with habitat complexity and niche diversity; however, complex topography per se does not imply habitat suitability. Rather, ecologically suitable habitats may emerge if topographic features interact with environmental factors and thereby alter their surrounding microenvironment to the benefit of local organisms (e.g., resource provisioning, stress mitigation). Topography may thus act as a key modulator of abiotic stressors and biotic pressures, particularly in environmentally challenging intertidal systems. Here, we review how topography can alter microhabitat conditions with respect to four resources required by intertidal organisms: a source of energy (light, suspended food particles, prey, detritus), water (hydration, buffering of light, temperature and hydrodynamics), shelter (temperature, wave exposure, predation), and habitat space (substratum area, propagule settlement, movement). We synthesize mechanisms and quantitative findings of how environmental factors can be altered through topography and suggest an organism-centered 'form-follows-ecological-function' approach to designing multifunctional marine infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Bauer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Antony M Knights
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Environmental Research Institute, School of Biology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
| | - Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - John N Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Andy Foggo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | | | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Environmental Research Institute, School of Biology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
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2
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Romeu MJ, Mergulhão F. Development of Antifouling Strategies for Marine Applications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1568. [PMID: 37375070 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine biofouling is an undeniable challenge for aquatic systems since it is responsible for several environmental and ecological problems and economic losses. Several strategies have been developed to mitigate fouling-related issues in marine environments, including developing marine coatings using nanotechnology and biomimetic models, and incorporating natural compounds, peptides, bacteriophages, or specific enzymes on surfaces. The advantages and limitations of these strategies are discussed in this review, and the development of novel surfaces and coatings is highlighted. The performance of these novel antibiofilm coatings is currently tested by in vitro experiments, which should try to mimic real conditions in the best way, and/or by in situ tests through the immersion of surfaces in marine environments. Both forms present their advantages and limitations, and these factors should be considered when the performance of a novel marine coating requires evaluation and validation. Despite all the advances and improvements against marine biofouling, progress toward an ideal operational strategy has been slow given the increasingly demanding regulatory requirements. Recent developments in self-polishing copolymers and fouling-release coatings have yielded promising results which set the basis for the development of more efficient and eco-friendly antifouling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Romeu
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Mergulhão
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Kurtz KR, Thalyta Silva de Oliveira T, Chevalier R, Rayes N, Bose A, Dwyer JR, Oyanedel-Craver V. Biofouling potential of surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based seawater quality sensors by Ulva spp. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:629-642. [PMID: 37592913 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2242283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the biofouling potential of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensor materials in the context of marine environments. Uncoated and monolithic commercial gold (Au) silicon nanopillar array SERS substrates, Au-coated carbon black nanoparticle (AuCB NP) substrates, uncoated and Au sputter-coated in-house SERS, and uncoated and Au sputter-coated glass controls were tested for biofouling potential using Ulva spp. as model biofouling organisms. The mean percentages of Ulva spp. zoospores that adhered per mm2 (×103) on the uncoated and coated Au silicon nanopillar array, AuCB NP, uncoated and Au sputter-coated in-house, and uncoated and Au sputter-coated glass substrates were 10.28%, 5.45%, 10.49%, 3.25%, 24.84%, 12.86% and 7.78%, respectively. Results indicated that surface properties such as hydrophobicity, roughness, Au sputter-coating and the presence of micro-refuges on nano- and microstructured substrates were critical to the biofouling formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R Kurtz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - Robert Chevalier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Noura Rayes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Arijit Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Jason R Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Vinka Oyanedel-Craver
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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4
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Proano-Pena G, Kardel K, Blersch DM, Carrano AL. The effect of interstitial surface spacing on algal biomass accumulation. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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5
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Yuan X, Wang Y, Liu L, Dong H, Yang G. Hydrophilic tyrosine-based phenolic resin with micro-ripples morphology for marine antifouling application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112672. [PMID: 35810609 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since biofouling challenges negatively influence the marine and transportation industries, developing effective antifouling materials have attracted extensive concern. A tyrosine-based antifouling phenolic resin (TPP resin) was synthesized using tyrosine as a natural phenol source. TPP exhibited shell-like surface morphology with micro-ripples and excellent anti-adhesion properties against bacteria and diatom. The micro-ripples surface might be caused by the strong hydrogen bonding or ionic interaction among tyrosine units resulting in microphase separation during the curing process. Tyrosine content in TPP resin has a great influence on the surface properties, morphology and antifouling characteristics. The higher the tyrosine content, the higher is the surface hydrophilicity, the denser and more regular is the micro-ripples morphology, and the stronger is the antifouling performance. TPP-60 % exhibited the best antifouling performance. Combination of the surface hydrophilicity and regular micro-ripples surface morphology afford TPP excellent antifouling performance. TPP resins offer a broad prospect for developing phenolic resin in the antifouling field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Lijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Yantai Research Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, China.
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guoxing Yang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Corporation, Daqing 163000, China.
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6
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Leonardi AK, Medhi R, Zhang A, Düzen N, Finlay JA, Clarke JL, Clare AS, Ober CK. Investigation of N-Substituted Morpholine Structures in an Amphiphilic PDMS-Based Antifouling and Fouling-Release Coating. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2697-2712. [PMID: 35486708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling is a major disruptive process affecting the fuel efficiency and durability of maritime vessel coatings. Previous research has shown that amphiphilic coatings consisting of a siloxane backbone functionalized with hydrophilic moieties are effective marine antifouling and fouling-release materials. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been the primary hydrophilic component used in such systems. Recently, the morpholine group has emerged as a promising compact alternative in antifouling membranes but is yet to be studied against marine foulants. In this work, the use of morpholine moieties to generate amphiphilicity in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based antifouling and fouling-release coating was explored. Two separate coating sets were investigated. The first set examined the incorporation of an N-substituted morpholine amine, and while these coatings showed promising fouling-release properties for Ulva linza, they had unusually high settlement of spores compared to controls. Based on those results, a second set of materials was synthesized using an N-substituted morpholine amide to probe the source of the high settlement and was found to significantly improve antifouling performance. Both coating sets included PEG controls with varying lengths to compare the viability of the morpholine structures as alternative hydrophilic groups. Surfaces were evaluated through a combination of bubble contact angle goniometry, profilometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and marine bioassays against two soft fouling species, U. linza and Navicula incerta, known to have different adhesion characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jessica L Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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7
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Guan Y, Chen R, Sun G, Liu Q, Liu J, Yu J, Lin C, Duan J, Wang J. Crawling and adhesion behavior of Halamphora sp. based on different parts of Folium Sennae-like film: Evaluation of analytical methods for anti-diatom experimental results. Micron 2021; 152:103178. [PMID: 34801958 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-diatom testing is a basic method to evaluate the anti-fouling performance of coatings. Many existing results of anti-diatom performances are evaluated based on their attachment number or coverage area, ignoring the influence of the crawling and adhesion behavior of diatoms on the analysis results. Here, a Folium Sennae-like film with multiple structural units was prepared by considering the influence of diatom attachment behaviors on the analysis results. The anti-diatom performances of different parts (divided and called four parts: edge, surface, cross striation, and vertical pattern) on the Folium Sennae-like film were evaluated using the counting and area methods. Obviously, the anti-diatom performance of the Folium Sennae-like film was superior to that of epoxy resin without structure. Under equal areas, the average numbers of diatoms on the cross striation and the vertical pattern were similar to the surface. It was found that the attachment behavior of Halamphora sp. is affected by microstructure units, rather than the combined structure of which the scale is much larger than that of diatoms. Meanwhile, the average attachment area for the unit number of diatoms was calculated. The diatom attachment area without microstructure, surface, cross striation, or vertical pattern was 81.751, 106.950, 73.904, and 84.376 μm2, respectively. Moreover, the static and dynamic motion behaviors of Halamphora sp. were studied, and the theory for Halamphora sp. attachment was modeled in three dimensions. The variable morphology of Halamphora sp. lead to inaccurate results for diatom analyses based on the counting and area methods, which is summarized here. This study discusses the evaluation method of coatings by anti-diatom performance, further promoting the research of diatoms in the field of antifouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Corrosion Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Gaohui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Cunguo Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jizhou Duan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Lab Marine Environm Corros & Biofouling, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Oceanology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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8
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Delgado A, Briciu-Burghina C, Regan F. Antifouling Strategies for Sensors Used in Water Monitoring: Review and Future Perspectives. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020389. [PMID: 33429907 PMCID: PMC7827029 DOI: 10.3390/s21020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Water monitoring sensors in industrial, municipal and environmental monitoring are advancing our understanding of science, aid developments in process automatization and control and support real-time decisions in emergency situations. Sensors are becoming smaller, smarter, increasingly specialized and diversified and cheaper. Advanced deployment platforms now exist to support various monitoring needs together with state-of-the-art power and communication capabilities. For a large percentage of submersed instrumentation, biofouling is the single biggest factor affecting the operation, maintenance and data quality. This increases the cost of ownership to the extent that it is prohibitive to maintain operational sensor networks and infrastructures. In this context, the paper provides a brief overview of biofouling, including the development and properties of biofilms. The state-of-the-art established and emerging antifouling strategies are reviewed and discussed. A summary of the currently implemented solutions in commercially available sensors is provided and current trends are discussed. Finally, the limitations of the currently used solutions are reviewed, and future research and development directions are highlighted.
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9
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Bhattacharya A, Mathur M, Kumar P, Malik A. Potential role of N-acetyl glucosamine in Aspergillus fumigatus-assisted Chlorella pyrenoidosa harvesting. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:178. [PMID: 31320926 PMCID: PMC6617575 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Algal harvesting is a major cost which increases biofuel production cost. Algal biofuels are widely studied as third-generation biofuel. However, they are yet not viable because of its high production cost which is majorly contributed by energy-intensive biomass harvesting techniques. Biological harvesting method like fungal-assisted harvesting of microalgae is highly efficient but poses a challenge due to its slow kinetics and poorly understood mechanism. RESULTS In this study, we investigate Aspergillus fumigatus-Chlorella pyrenoidosa attachment resulting in a harvesting efficiency of 90% within 4 h. To pinpoint the role of extracellular metabolite, several experiments were performed by eliminating the C. pyrenoidosa or A. fumigatus spent medium from the C. pyrenoidosa-A. fumigatus mixture. In the absence of A. fumigatus spent medium, the harvesting efficiency dropped to 20% compared to > 90% in the control, which was regained after addition of A. fumigatus spent medium. Different treatments of A. fumigatus spent medium showed drop in harvesting efficiency after periodate treatment (≤ 20%) and methanol-chloroform extraction (≤ 20%), indicating the role of sugar-like moiety. HR-LC-MS (high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) results confirmed the presence of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucose in the spent medium. When GlcNAc was used as a replacement of A. fumigatus spent medium for harvesting studies, the harvesting process was significantly faster (p < 0.05) till 4 h compared to that with glucose. Further experiments indicated that metabolically active A. fumigatus produced GlcNAc from glucose. Concanavalin A staining and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis of A. fumigatus spent medium- as well as GlcNAc-incubated C. pyrenoidosa cells suggested the presence of GlcNAc on its cell surface indicated by dark red dots and GlcNAc-specific peaks, while no such characteristic dots or peaks were observed in normal C. pyrenoidosa cells. HR-TEM (High-resolution Transmission electron microscopy) showed the formation of serrated edges on the C. pyrenoidosa cell surface after treatment with A. fumigatus spent medium or GlcNAc, while Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed an increase in roughness of the C. pyrenoidosa cells surface upon incubation with A. fumigatus spent medium. CONCLUSIONS Results strongly suggest that GlcNAc present in A. fumigatus spent medium induces surface changes in C. pyrenoidosa cells that mediate the attachment to A. fumigatus hyphae. Thus, this study provides a better understanding of the A. fumigatus-assisted C. pyrenoidosa harvesting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Bhattacharya
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Megha Mathur
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Pushpendar Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 India
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10
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Guerin AJ, Clare AS. Mini-review: effect sizes and meta-analysis for antifouling research. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:1185-1199. [PMID: 30760037 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1550196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is widely recognised that findings from experimental studies should be replicated before their conclusions are accepted as definitive. In many research areas, synthesis of results from multiple studies is carried out via systematic review and meta-analysis. Some fields are also moving away from null hypothesis significance testing, which uses p values to identify 'significant' effects, towards an estimation approach concerned with effect sizes and confidence intervals. This review argues that these techniques are underused in biofouling and antifouling (AF) research and discusses potential benefits of their adoption. They enable comparison of test surfaces even when these are not tested simultaneously, and allow results from repeated tests on the same surfaces to be combined. They also enable the use of published data to explore effects of different variables on the functioning of AF surfaces. AF researchers should consider using these approaches and reporting results in ways that facilitate future research syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Guerin
- a School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Anthony S Clare
- a School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
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11
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Jayasinghe HG, Tormos CJ, Khan M, Madihally S, Vasquez Y. A soft lithography method to generate arrays of microstructures onto hydrogel surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian J. Tormos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Mughees Khan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Cambridge Massachusetts, 02138
| | - Sundar Madihally
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Yolanda Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma, 74078
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12
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Shen L, Lafleur SSD, Houben SJA, Murphy JN, Severn JR, Bastiaansen CWM. Surface Micropatterning of Uniaxially Oriented Polyethylene Films Using Interference Holography for Strain Sensors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14592-14598. [PMID: 29207247 PMCID: PMC6150734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new procedure is presented for direct generation of surface micropatterns on uniaxially oriented polyethylene (PE) films using interference holography with a nanosecond pulsed laser. An ultraviolet absorber, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (BZT) is incorporated into PE prior to stretching to generate absorption at the wavelength of the laser. Illumination with an interference pattern in the absorption band of BZT leads to an obvious height variation in the exposed regions and consequently relief gratings are generated. The height in the exposed regions is strongly dependent on the angle between the grating direction and the film orientation direction. This phenomenon is attributed to a combination of events such as melting, entropic contraction, recrystallization, thermal evaporation of BZT, and anisotropic thermal conductivity. It is shown that the relief height increases with increasing BZT concentration and exhibits a linear dependence on the energy dose above a certain threshold. Additionally, the oriented PE films with the surface micropatterns are explored for strain sensors. The results demonstrate that small strains below 10% are monitored accurately in tensile deformation of the micropatterned, oriented PE films which makes these films potentially useful as strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Shen
- Laboratory
of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah S. D. Lafleur
- Laboratory
of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J. A. Houben
- Laboratory
of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey N. Murphy
- Laboratory
of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - John R. Severn
- Laboratory
of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- DSM
Materials Science Center, NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees W. M. Bastiaansen
- Laboratory
of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhao W, Chen Z, Liu Z, Cao H, Zhou C, Cui P. Influence of biomimetic boundary structure on the antifouling performances of siloxane modified resin coatings. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Brzozowska AM, Maassen S, Goh Zhi Rong R, Benke PI, Lim CS, Marzinelli EM, Jańczewski D, Teo SLM, Vancso GJ. Effect of Variations in Micropatterns and Surface Modulus on Marine Fouling of Engineering Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:17508-17516. [PMID: 28481498 PMCID: PMC5445506 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report on the marine fouling and fouling release effects caused by variations of surface mechanical properties and microtopography of engineering polymers. Polymeric materials were covered with hierarchical micromolded topographical patterns inspired by the shell of the marine decapod crab Myomenippe hardwickii. These micropatterned surfaces were deployed in field static immersion tests. PDMS, polyurethane, and PMMA surfaces with higher elastic modulus and hardness were found to accumulate more fouling and exhibited poor fouling release properties. The results indicate interplay between surface mechanical properties and microtopography on antifouling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Maria Brzozowska
- Institute of Materials
Research and Engineering, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Stan Maassen
- Institute of Materials
Research and Engineering, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
- Faculty of Science
and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rubayn Goh Zhi Rong
- Institute of Materials
Research and Engineering, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Peter Imre Benke
- Singapore
Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
- Environmental
Research Institute, National University
of Singapore, 21 Lower
Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore
| | - Chin-Sing Lim
- St
John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science
Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227 Singapore
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Institute of Materials
Research and Engineering, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
- Laboratory of Technological
Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw
University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- E-mail: . Tel: +48 22 234 5583. Fax: +48 22 234 5504
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- St
John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science
Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227 Singapore
- E-mail: . Tel: +65 6774 9887. Fax: +65 6776 1455
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Institute of Chemical
and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, 1 Pesek Road, 627833 Singapore
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Science
and Technology of Polymers, University of
Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Tel.: +31 53 489 2974. Fax: +31 53 489 3823
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15
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Blersch DM, Kardel K, Carrano AL, Kaur M. Customized 3D-printed surface topography governs species attachment preferences in a fresh water periphyton community. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Decker JT, Sheats JT, Brennan AB. Engineered antifouling microtopographies: surface pattern effects on cell distribution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:15212-8. [PMID: 25420235 DOI: 10.1021/la504215b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microtopography has been observed to lead to altered attachment behavior for marine fouling organisms; however, quantification of this phenomenon is lacking in the scientific literature. Here, we present quantitative measurement of the disruption of normal attachment behavior of the fouling algae Ulva linza by antifouling microtopographies. The distribution of the diatom Navicula incerta was shown to be unaffected by the presence of topography. The radial distribution function was calculated for both individual zoospores and cells as well as aggregates of zoospores from attachment data for a variety topographic configurations and at a number of different attachment densities. Additionally, the screening distance and maximum values were mapped according to the location of zoospore aggregates within a single unit cell. We found that engineered topographies decreased the distance between spore aggregates compared to that for a smooth control surface; however, the distributions for individual spores were unchanged. We also found that the local attachment site geometry affected the screening distance for aggregates of zoospores, with certain geometries decreasing screening distance and others having no measurable effect. The distribution mapping techniques developed and explored in this article have yielded important insight into the design parameters for antifouling microtopographies that can be implemented in the next generation of antifouling surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Decker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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17
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The interaction of marine fouling organisms with topography of varied scale and geometry: a review. Biointerphases 2013; 8:30. [DOI: 10.1186/1559-4106-8-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Halder P, Nasabi M, Lopez FJT, Jayasuriya N, Bhattacharya S, Deighton M, Mitchell A, Bhuiyan MA. A novel approach to determine the efficacy of patterned surfaces for biofouling control in relation to its microfluidic environment. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:697-713. [PMID: 23789960 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.800192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling, the unwanted growth of sessile microorganisms on submerged surfaces, presents a serious problem for underwater structures. While biofouling can be controlled to various degrees with different microstructure-based patterned surfaces, understanding of the underlying mechanism is still imprecise. Researchers have long speculated that microtopographies might influence near-surface microfluidic conditions, thus microhydrodynamically preventing the settlement of microorganisms. It is therefore very important to identify the microfluidic environment developed on patterned surfaces and its relation with the antifouling behaviour of those surfaces. This study considered the wall shear stress distribution pattern as a significant aspect of this microfluidic environment. In this study, patterned surfaces with microwell arrays were assessed experimentally with a real-time biofilm development monitoring system using a novel microchannel-based flow cell reactor. Finally, computational fluid dynamics simulations were carried out to show how the microfluidic conditions were affecting the initial settlement of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Halder
- School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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19
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Greco G, Lanero TS, Torrassa S, Young R, Vassalli M, Cavaliere A, Rolandi R, Pelucchi E, Faimali M, Davenport J. Microtopography of the eye surface of the crab Carcinus maenas: an atomic force microscope study suggesting a possible antifouling potential. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20130122. [PMID: 23635491 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine biofouling causes problems for technologies based on the sea, including ships, power plants and marine sensors. Several antifouling techniques have been applied to marine sensors, but most of these methodologies are environmentally unfriendly or ineffective. Bioinspiration, seeking guidance from natural solutions, is a promising approach to antifouling. Here, the eye of the green crab Carcinus maenas was regarded as a marine sensor model and its surface characterized by means of atomic force microscopy. Engineered surface micro- and nanotopography is a new mechanism found to limit biofouling, promising an effective solution with much reduced environmental impact. Besides giving a new insight into the morphology of C. maenas eye and its characterization, our study indicates that the eye surface probably has antifouling/fouling-release potential. Furthermore, the topographical features of the surface may influence the wettability properties of the structure and its interaction with organic molecules. Results indicate that the eye surface micro- and nanotopography may lead to bioinspired solutions to antifouling protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Greco
- BEES, University College Cork, Cooperage, Cork, Republic of Ireland.
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20
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Zhou W, Watt SK, Tsai DH, Lee VT, Zachariah MR. Quantitative Attachment and Detachment of Bacterial Spores from Fine Wires through Continuous and Pulsed DC Electrophoretic Deposition. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:1738-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307282q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sarah K. Watt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - De-Hao Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Vincent T. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Michael R. Zachariah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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21
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Long CJ, Finlay JA, Callow ME, Callow JA, Brennan AB. Engineered antifouling microtopographies: mapping preferential and inhibitory microenvironments for zoospore attachment. BIOFOULING 2010; 26:941-952. [PMID: 21038153 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2010.531390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An algorithm was developed and implemented to map the locations of attached spores of Ulva linza on patterned surfaces. Using this mapping algorithm, spore preference among regions within a pattern can be detected and quantified. Settlement maps of spores on patterned topographies from several assays showed clear preferences in spore settlement. Over 94% of the spores attached within the depressed regions on the surfaces, including a surface containing pits instead of protruding features. The spores attached primarily at the intersections of several features, with over half and up to 96% of spores settling in these regions. The highest spore densities occurred at intersections where the features were most dissimilar. In contrast, the location of attached beads on the surfaces was nearly uniform across the surface. Identification of preferential attachment locations allows for the study of localized properties that influence cell behavior and aids in the development of new surfaces to control cell-surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Long
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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22
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Michael TS. GLYCOCONJUGATE ORGANIZATION OF ENTEROMORPHA (=ULVA) FLEXUOSA AND ULVA FASCIATA (CHLOROPHYTA) ZOOSPORES(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2009; 45:660-677. [PMID: 27034043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ecologically successful algae that colonize natural and artificial substrates in the marine environment have distinct strategies for opportunistic dispersal and settlement. The objective of this research was to visualize molecular architecture of zoospores from Enteromorpha (=Ulva) flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh and Ulva fasciata Delile that coexist but alternate in dominance on an intertidal bench. Multiple fluorescent lectins were used to stabilize and probe for diverse zoospore glycoconjugates (GC) that could be involved in cell and substrate interactions. Results from epifluorescence microscopy showed distinct cellular and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) domains of GC relative to settlement morphologies. Glycoconjugates were similar for both species with (1) α-d mannose and/or glucose moieties localized on flagella, the anterior domes and anterior regions, the plasma membranes, and EPS; (2) α-fucose localized on flagella and anterior regions; (3) N or α,ß-N acetylglucosamine localized on flagella, the anterior regions, and EPS; and (4) varied N-acetylgalactosamine and/or galactose moieties localized on each domain for both species excluding the plasma membranes. Some differences in lectin binding were observed for each species at the flagella, the anterior domes, and the plasma membranes. Glycoconjugate distributions shifted with morphological changes that followed initial adhesion. TEM of E. flexuosa zoospore stages following carbohydrate-stabilizing fixations and gold-conjugated lectin probes resolved GC with α-d mannose and/or glucose, and/or N-acetylglucosamine at the plasma membrane, ER and diverse vesicles of the anterior pole, EPS, and discontinuous regions or knobs associated with flagellar surfaces. The distinct distribution and diversity of zoospore GC may be central to recognition and attachment on diverse substrata by these algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Shen Michael
- Department of Biology, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96816, USA
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23
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Prendergast GS, Zurn CM, Bers AV, Head RM, Hansson LJ, Thomason JC. The relative magnitude of the effects of biological and physical settlement cues for cypris larvae of the acorn barnacle, Semibalanus balanoides L. BIOFOULING 2009; 25:35-44. [PMID: 18846458 DOI: 10.1080/08927010802444267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Barnacle cypris larvae respond to many cues when selecting a settlement site. The settlement of over a million larvae on tiles of different textures, orientations and densities of incumbent settlers was measured on the rocky intertidal at Great Cumbrae, Scotland. Half of the tiles were replaced every tide whereas the others simultaneously accumulated settlers. Factor effects varied on each tide, and converged in the accumulating deployment. Increasing incumbent density led to net loss of settlement, which was less probable on the textures on which fastest settlment occurred ('very fine'), and more probable on those on which settlement was slowest ('smooth'). More settlement occurred on down-facing orientations during daylight and vice versa. Cue ranks were non-linear, so a path analysis model quantified the relative influence of each factor. Gregariousness was the most influential cue measured, although unmeasured factors had greater effects, highlighting the complexity of settlement influences in this species.
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24
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Scardino AJ, Hudleston D, Peng Z, Paul NA, de Nys R. Biomimetic characterisation of key surface parameters for the development of fouling resistant materials. BIOFOULING 2009; 25:83-93. [PMID: 18985468 DOI: 10.1080/08927010802538480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Material science provides a direct route to developing a new generation of non-toxic, surface effect-based antifouling technologies with applications ranging from biomedical science to marine transport. The surface topography of materials directly affects fouling resistance and fouling removal, the two key mechanisms for antifouling technologies. However, the field is hindered by the lack of quantified surface characteristics to guide the development of new antifouling materials. Using a biomimetic approach, key surface parameters are defined and quantified and correlated with fouling resistance and fouling removal from the shells of marine molluscs. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to acquire images for quantitative surface characterisation using three-dimensional surface parameters, and field assays correlated these with fouling resistance and fouling release. Principle component analysis produced a major component (explaining 54% of total variation between shell surfaces) that correlated with fouling resistance. The five surface parameters positively correlated to increased fouling resistance were, in order of importance, low fractal dimension, high skewness of both the roughness and waviness profiles, higher values of isotropy and lower values of mean surface roughness. The second component (accounting for 20% of variation between shells) positively correlated to fouling release, for which higher values of mean waviness almost exclusively dictated this relationship. This study provides quantified surface parameters to guide the development of new materials with surface properties that confer fouling resistance and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scardino
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
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25
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del Campo A, Arzt E. Fabrication Approaches for Generating Complex Micro- and Nanopatterns on Polymeric Surfaces. Chem Rev 2008; 108:911-45. [PMID: 18298098 DOI: 10.1021/cr050018y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu del Campo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstraβe 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eduard Arzt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstraβe 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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26
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Scardino AJ, Guenther J, de Nys R. Attachment point theory revisited: the fouling response to a microtextured matrix. BIOFOULING 2008; 24:45-53. [PMID: 18066730 DOI: 10.1080/08927010701784391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines attachment point theory in detail by testing the fouling attachment of several fouling groups to a microtextured matrix. Static bioassays were conducted on polycarbonate plates with nine equal regions, comprising eight scales of microtexture (4-512 microm) and one untextured region. The microtextures examined were continuous sinusoidal ridges and troughs of defined height and width. Attachment over the microtextured plates was examined for the diatom Amphora sp., the green alga Ulva rigida, the red alga Centroceras clavulatum, the serpulid tube worm Hydroides elegans and the bryozoan Bugula neritina. It was found that the size of the microtexture in relation to the size of the settling propagules/larvae was important in the selection of attachment sites. Attachment was generally lower when the microtexture wavelength was slightly smaller than the width of the settling propagules/larvae and increased when the wavelength was wider than their width. The effect of attachment points was weak for small motile microfoulers (Amphora sp. and U. rigida) (7 microm), strong for large macrofouling larvae (H. elegans and B. neritina) (129-321 microm) and non-existent for the non-motile algal spores (C. clavulatum) (37 microm). This study reinforces the potential of using attachment points to develop surfaces with increased fouling resistance or, alternatively, surfaces which promote the attachment of selected target sizes of motile propagules or larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scardino
- Maritime Platforms Division, Defence Science & Technology Organisation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Prendergast GS, Zurn CM, Bers AV, Head RM, Hansson LJ, Thomason JC. Field-based video observations of wild barnacle cyprid behaviour in response to textural and chemical settlement cues. BIOFOULING 2008; 24:449-59. [PMID: 18696291 DOI: 10.1080/08927010802340135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Many marine invertebrate larvae respond behaviourally to environmental settlement cues, yet behaviours are often only inferred from settlement patterns or are limited to laboratory studies. The behaviour of wild cypris larvae of Semibalanus balanoides L. was filmed on settlement tiles in the field. Tiles were of five different textures with a nested treatment of crude conspecific adult extract (AE). The effects of texture and AE on eleven defined behaviours were analysed. Texture affected the gross and net exploratory distances, velocity, acceleration and time spent exploring. AE attracted more cyprids during the first minute of immersion and increased the time spent on surfaces. Relatively few arrivals that either travel far and fast, or exit the surface rapidly, may indicate a lower chance of settlement. An increase in time spent on a surface may increase the probability of being in contact with the surface when the sign stimulus to settle occurs.
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28
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Bowen J, Pettitt M, Kendall K, Leggett G, Preece J, Callow M, Callow J. The influence of surface lubricity on the adhesion of Navicula perminuta and Ulva linza to alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers. J R Soc Interface 2007; 4:473-7. [PMID: 17251139 PMCID: PMC2373403 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2006.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The settlement and adhesion of Navicula perminuta and Ulva linza to methyl-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of increasing chain length has been investigated. Organisms were allowed to settle onto the monolayers and were subsequently exposed to hydrodynamic shear stress in order to determine their adhesion strength. Results show that as the SAM structure changes from amorphous to crystalline (C14), there is a marked change in the adhesion of N. perminuta and U. linza. Given that the SAMs in the series all exhibit similar contact angle behaviour and surface energy, it is hypothesized that the lubricity of the surface plays a role in determining the surface adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bowen
- School of Chemistry, The University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M.E Pettitt
- School of Biosciences, The University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - K Kendall
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - G.J Leggett
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldBrook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - J.A Preece
- School of Chemistry, The University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M.E Callow
- School of Biosciences, The University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - J.A Callow
- School of Biosciences, The University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Author for correspondence ()
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29
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Krishnan S, Wang N, Ober CK, Finlay JA, Callow ME, Callow JA, Hexemer A, Sohn KE, Kramer EJ, Fischer DA. Comparison of the fouling release properties of hydrophobic fluorinated and hydrophilic PEGylated block copolymer surfaces: attachment strength of the diatom Navicula and the green alga Ulva. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:1449-62. [PMID: 16677026 DOI: 10.1021/bm0509826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand the role of surface wettability in adhesion of cells, the attachment of two different marine algae was studied on hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer surfaces. Adhesion of cells of the diatom Navicula and sporelings (young plants) of the green macroalga Ulva to an underwater surface is mainly by interactions between the surface and the adhesive exopolymers, which the cells secrete upon settlement and during subsequent colonization and growth. Two types of block copolymers, one with poly(ethylene glycol) side-chains and the other with liquid crystalline, fluorinated side-chains, were used to prepare the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, respectively. The formation of a liquid crystalline smectic phase in the latter inhibited molecular reorganization at the surface, which is generally an issue when a highly hydrophobic surface is in contact with water. The adhesion strength was assessed by the fraction of settled cells (Navicula) or biomass (Ulva) that detached from the surface in a water flow channel with a wall shear stress of 53 Pa. The two species exhibited opposite adhesion behavior on the same sets of surfaces. While Navicula cells released more easily from hydrophilic surfaces, Ulva sporelings showed higher removal from hydrophobic surfaces. This highlights the importance of differences in cell-surface interactions in determining the strength of adhesion of cells to substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaraman Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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30
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Howell D, Behrends B. A review of surface roughness in antifouling coatings illustrating the importance of cutoff length. BIOFOULING 2006; 22:401-10. [PMID: 17178573 DOI: 10.1080/08927010601035738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface roughness (SR) can affect the hydrodynamic performance of antifouling (AF) coatings and influence the settlement behaviour of fouling larvae, which makes it an important parameter in the evaluation of novel coatings. This paper reviews the causes and consequences of SR in the shipping industry, the methodology used for measuring it, and the importance of measuring and reporting it correctly. SR is a parameter that originates from marine engineering, but has been used extensively by marine scientists to characterise novel coatings and to investigate microtopographies that might inhibit settlement behaviour. One of the integral components of the SR measurement is the use of a cutoff filter. This is a short-pass filter that lets the high wave-number components through and thus separates the waviness from the roughness. Depending on the length of this filter, roughness at different levels of magnification can be investigated. Much of the published work on SR of AF coatings makes no mention of cutoff length, so that the results cannot be compared. It is suggested that an international standard is needed and that if more researchers were aware of the significance of stating cutoff length when reporting SR, more interdisciplinary work between biologists, engineers and material scientists would be possible in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickon Howell
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Ridley Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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31
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Scardino AJ, Harvey E, De Nys R. Testing attachment point theory: diatom attachment on microtextured polyimide biomimics. BIOFOULING 2006; 22:55-60. [PMID: 16551561 DOI: 10.1080/08927010500506094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores diatom attachment to a range of laser etched polyimide surfaces to directly test 'attachment point theory'. Static bioassays were conducted on microtextured polyimide surfaces using four diatom species, Fallacia carpentariae, Nitzschia cf. paleacea, Amphora sp. and Navicula jeffreyi with cell sizes ranging from 1-14 microm. The microtextured polyimides were modelled from natural fouling resistant bivalve surfaces and had wavelengths above, below and at the same scale as the diatom cell sizes. Diatoms attached in significantly higher numbers to treatments where the numbers of attachment points was highest. The lowest diatom attachment occurred where cells were slightly larger than the microtexture wavelength, resulting in only two theoretical points of attachment. The results support attachment point theory and highlight the need to address larval/cell size in relation to the number of attachment points on a surface. Further studies examining a range of microtexture scales are needed to apply attachment point theory to a suite of fouling organisms and to develop structured surfaces to control the attachment and development of fouling communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scardino
- Biofouling Research Group, School of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Australia.
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32
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Abstract
Traditionally, water quality has been monitored by sampling and lab based analysis. However, there are disadvantages associated with this method, for example, deterioration of samples with time, limited sampling points, limited temporal monitoring. This has provided impetus for the development of sensors which can be deployed from remote locations over extended deployment periods. However, a major limitation of these systems is their vulnerability to biofouling. This review outlines the research that has been carried out on strategies for the protection of marine and riverine sensors against fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aine Whelan
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9
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33
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Cowie PR, Smith MJ, Hannah F, Cowling MJ, Hodgkeiss T. The prevention of microfouling and macrofouling on hydrogels impregnated with either Arquad 2C-75 or benzalkonium chloride. BIOFOULING 2006; 22:173-85. [PMID: 17290862 DOI: 10.1080/08927010600743449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Optically clear, surfactant loaded poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels can be used to prevent fouling on optical windows of marine underwater sensors. To act successfully in this capacity, hydrogels need to prevent both microfouling and macrofouling. Panel trials were conducted using four different materials: unloaded hydrogels, hydrogels containing either benzalkonium chloride (BAC) or dicocodimethylammonium chloride (Arquad 2C-75) and PMMA coupons. Three panels were deployed at staggered intervals (2, 4 and 6 weeks) before the main settlement season of Semibalanus balanoides and Mytilus edulis in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. Panels were left for a total period of 10, 12 and 14 weeks respectively. Results showed that no sample completely resisted fouling, but Arquad 2C-75 hydrogels were extremely effective at preventing both microfouling and macrofouling. The most heavily fouled materials were unloaded hydrogels and PMMA, despite differences in initial hydrophilicities. Arquad 2C-75 hydrogels were equally effective at preventing larval settlement, for up to 14 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Cowie
- University of London, Marine Biological Station Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, Scotland.
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Haesaerts D, Finlay JA, Callow ME, Callow JA, Grosjean P, Jangoux M, Flammang P. Evaluation of the attachment strength of individuals of Asterina gibbosa (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) during the perimetamorphic period. BIOFOULING 2005; 21:229-35. [PMID: 16522536 DOI: 10.1080/08927010500414901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A turbulent channel flow apparatus was used to determine the adhesion strength of the three perimetamorphic stages of the asteroid Asterina gibbosa, i.e. the brachiolaria larvae, the metamorphic individuals and the juveniles. The mean critical wall shear stresses (wall shear stress required to dislodge 50% of the attached individuals) necessary to detach larvae attached by the brachiolar arms (1.2 Pa) and juveniles attached by the tube feet (7.1 Pa) were one order of magnitude lower than the stress required to dislodge metamorphic individuals attached by the adhesive disc (41 Pa). This variability in adhesion strength reflects differences in the functioning of the adhesive organs for these different life stages of sea stars. Brachiolar arms and tube feet function as temporary adhesion organs, allowing repetitive cycles of attachment to and detachment from the substratum, whereas the adhesive disc is used only once, at the onset of metamorphosis, and is responsible for the strong attachment of the metamorphic individual, which can be described as permanent adhesion. The results confirm that the turbulent water channel apparatus is a powerful tool to investigate the adhesion mechanisms of minute organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Haesaerts
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Académie universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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