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Mireisz T, Horváth FB, Kashaija NT, Farkas R, Boldizsár I, Tóth E. Drug-degrading bacteria isolated from the effluent water of a sewage plant. Biol Futur 2024:10.1007/s42977-024-00236-0. [PMID: 39060760 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are potential environmental contaminants that can cause toxicity in aquatic ecosystems, so the Water Framework Directive has established limits for these compounds. During our research, 41 bacterial strains were isolated and identified from sewage effluent and tested for their degradation capacities for bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, and nonylphenol. All the isolated bacteria belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria class of Pseudomonadota phylum (members of Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Leclercia, Raoultella, Shigella. Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas genera). During the experiments, only strains HF17, HF18 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and HF31 (Citrobacter freundii) were unable to grow on these compounds, all other bacterial strains could grow in the presence of the investigated endocrine disruptors. Based on the genomic analysis of the type strains, a set of genes involving aromatic compound degradation was detected, among the peripheral metabolic pathways, the quinate and benzoate degradation pathways proved to be widespread, among the central aromatic intermediates metabolism, the catechol branch of the beta-ketoadipate pathway was the most dominant. Pseudomonas fulva HF16 strain could utilize the investigated endocrine disruptors: bisphenol A by 34%, 17β-estradiol by 52%, and nonylphenol by 54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mireisz
- Department of Microbiology, Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - F B Horváth
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology, Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - N T Kashaija
- Department of Microbiology, Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - R Farkas
- Department of Microbiology, Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - I Boldizsár
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői Út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - E Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Rybarczyk A, Smułek W, Grzywaczyk A, Kaczorek E, Jesionowski T, Nghiem LD, Zdarta J. 3D printed polylactide scaffolding for laccase immobilization to improve enzyme stability and estrogen removal from wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129144. [PMID: 37172744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a biocatalytic system of immobilized laccase and 3D printed open-structure biopolymer scaffoldings. The scaffoldings were computer-designed and 3D printed using polylactide (PLA) filament. The immobilization of laccase onto the 3D printed PLA scaffolds were optimized with regard to pH, enzyme concentration, and immobilization time. Laccase immobilization resulted in a small reduction in reactivity (in terms of Michaelis constant and maximum reaction rate) but led to significant improvement in chemical and thermal stability. After 20 days of storage, the immobilized and free laccase showed 80% and 35% retention of the initial enzymatic activity, respectively. The immobilized laccase on 3D printed PLA scaffolds achieved 10% improvement in the removal of estrogens from real wastewater as compared to free laccase and showed the significant reusability potential. Results here are promising but also highlight the need for further study to improve enzymatic activity and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rybarczyk
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Smułek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Grzywaczyk
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Kaczorek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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3
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Wu L, Lu C, Huang N, Zhong M, Teng Y, Tian Y, Ye K, Liang L, Hu Z. Exploration of the effect of simultaneous removal of EDCs in the treatment process of different types of wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:436-453. [PMID: 36706292 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The SPE-HPLC-MS/MS method was used to investigate the concentration distribution of nine types of estrogens in 18 locations of pollution source along the Jiuzhou River belonging to river systems in Guangdong province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region in China, and the estrogenic activity and potential ecological risks were evaluated by calculating the estradiol equivalency (EEQ). The results showed that the calculated estradiol equivalents (cEEQs) of wastewater treatment plants from 17 locations were all higher than 1 ng/L. To further study the removal effect of the treatment process on the estrogens, the pig breeding wastewater from P4 and the municipal wastewater from P13, as well as the black-odorous water, were sampled and surveyed during the entire process. It turned out that estrogens were effectively removed after nitrification activated sludge treatment. Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between the removal of NH3-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) and the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). It is shown in the study the secondary treatment process has achieved a significant effect on the removal of estrogen in both the wet and dry periods and that there has been a positive correlation between the activities of total phosphorus compounds, nitrogen-based compounds and the removal of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieshan Wu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chunliu Lu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ning Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
| | - Minjie Zhong
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yunmei Teng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
| | - Yan Tian
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
| | - Kaixiao Ye
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
| | - Liuling Liang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
| | - Zaoshi Hu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Nanning 530028, PR China E-mail:
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Bliss SN, Berger K, Thieme J, Maldonado Cobos M, Nyman M. Removal of 17α-ethynylestradiol and β-estradiol using bench-scale constructed wetlands. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:3408-3418. [PMID: 35771054 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems have been devastated by the continued persistence of the synthetic estrogen compounds β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol. Common wastewater treatment methods do not reduce these compounds in effluent below problematic concentrations. An emerging cost-effective solution to this problem is the use of constructed wetlands to remove these estrogen compounds. This study analyzed the ability of duckweed (Lemna minor), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and water cabbage (Pistia stratiotes) to remove β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol through the use of bench-scale constructed wetlands over a 15-week period. Estrogen concentration in water was collected over time along with plant nutrient content, contaminant extractions, and media extractions. Results indicated that estrogen concentration was reduced by the plants and soil media. Duckweed was the most effective at 96% removal, followed by water hyacinth at 72% removal, then water cabbage at 35% removal, and lastly sediment media at 9% removal. This study provides evidence for the ability of constructed wetlands to be used as a means to remove estrogen compounds from wastewater and demonstrates differences in plants removal efficiencies, with duckweed being the most effective of the selected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Bliss
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA E-mail:
| | - K Berger
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA E-mail:
| | - J Thieme
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA E-mail:
| | - M Maldonado Cobos
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA E-mail:
| | - M Nyman
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA E-mail:
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Azizi D, Arif A, Blair D, Dionne J, Filion Y, Ouarda Y, Pazmino AG, Pulicharla R, Rilstone V, Tiwari B, Vignale L, Brar SK, Champagne P, Drogui P, Langlois VS, Blais JF. A comprehensive review on current technologies for removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals from wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112196. [PMID: 34634314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) has received increasing attention due to their significant toxic effects on human beings and wildlife by affecting their endocrine systems. As an important group of emerging pollutant, EDCs have been detected in various aquatic environments, including surface waters, groundwater, wastewater, runoff, and landfill leachates. Their removal from water resources has also been an emerging concern considering growing population as well as reducing access to fresh water resources. EDC removal from wastewaters is highly dependent on physicochemical properties of the given EDCs present in each wastewater types as well as various aquatic environments. Due to chemical, physical and physicochemical diversities in these parameters, variety of technologies consisting of physical, biological, electrochemical, and chemical processes have been developed for their removal. This review highlights that the effectiveness of EDC removal is highly dependent of selecting the appropriate technology; which decision is made upon a full wastewater chemical characterization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective about all the current technologies used for EDCs removal from various aquatic matrices along with rising challenges such as the antimicrobial resistance gene transfer during EDC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Azizi
- Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Ayman Arif
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - David Blair
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Justine Dionne
- Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Yves Filion
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Yassine Ouarda
- Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Ana Gisell Pazmino
- Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Rama Pulicharla
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Canada
| | - Victoria Rilstone
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Bhagyashree Tiwari
- Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Leah Vignale
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada; Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Jean-François Blais
- Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Nasir HM, Wee SY, Aris AZ, Abdullah LC, Ismail I. Processing of natural fibre and method improvement for removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132726. [PMID: 34718023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in bodies of water are a concern for human health and constitute an environmental issue, even if present in trace amounts. Conventional treatment systems do not entirely remove EDCs from discharge effluent. Due to the ultra-trace level of EDCs which affect human health and pose an environmental issue, developing new approaches and techniques to remove these micropollutants from the discharged effluent is vital. This review discusses the most common methods of eliminating EDCs through preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatments. The adsorption process is favoured for EDC removal, as it is an economical and straightforward option. The NABC aspects, which are the need, approach, benefits and challenges, were analysed based on existing circumstances, highlighting biochar as a green and renewable adsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants. From the environmental point of view, the effectiveness of this method, which uses natural fibre from the kenaf plant as a porous and economical biochar material with a selected lignocellulosic biomass, provides insights into the advantages of biochar-derived adsorbents. Essentially, the improvement of the natural fibre as an adsorbent is a focus, using carbonisation, activation, and the physiochemical process to enhance the adsorption ability of the material for pollutants in bodies of water. This output will complement sustainable water management approaches presented in previous studies for combating the emerging pollutant crisis via novel green and environmentally safe options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanisah Mohmad Nasir
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismayadi Ismail
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Parra-Arroyo L, González-González RB, Castillo-Zacarías C, Melchor Martínez EM, Sosa-Hernández JE, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Barceló D, Parra-Saldívar R. Highly hazardous pesticides and related pollutants: Toxicological, regulatory, and analytical aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151879. [PMID: 34826476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pervasive manifestation and toxicological influence of hazardous pesticides pose adverse consequences on various environmental matrices and humans, directly via bioaccumulation or indirectly through the food chain. Due to pesticide residues' continuous presence above permissible levels in multiple forms, much attention has been given to re-evaluating to regulate their usage practices without harming or affecting the environment. However, there are regulations in place banning the use of multiple hazardous pesticides in the environment. Thus, efforts must be made to achieve robust detection and complete mitigation of pesticides, possibly through a combination of new and conventional methods. The complex nature of pesticides helps them to react differently across different environmental matrices. Therefore, highly hazardous pesticides are a risk to human well-being and the environment through enzymatic inhibition and the induction of oxidative stress. Consequently, developing fast, sensitive sensing strategies is essential to detect and quantify multiple pesticides and remove the pesticides present in the specific matrix without creating harmful derivatives. Additionally, the technology should be available worldwide to eliminate pesticide residuals from the environment. There are regulations, in practice, that limit the selling, storage, use of pesticides, and their concentration in the environment, although such regulations must be revised. However, the existing literature lacks regulatory, analytical detection, and mitigation considerations for pesticide remediation. Furthermore, the enforcement of such regulations and strict monitoring of pesticides in developing countries are needed. This review spotlights various analytical detection, regulatory, and mitigation considerations for efficiently removing hazardous pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Parra-Arroyo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Castillo-Zacarías
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | | | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, c/Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H(2)O, 17003 Girona, Spain; College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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8
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Palma TL, Shylova A, Costa MC. Isolation and characterization of bacteria from activated sludge capable of degrading 17α-ethinylestradiol, a contaminant of high environmental concern. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 33656438 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The compound 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic oestrogen which is classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Together with other endocrine disruptor compounds, EE2 has been included in the surface water Watch List by the European Commission, since it causes severe adverse effects in ecosystems. Thus, it became a high priority to find or improve processes such as biodegradation of EE2 to completely remove this drug from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The present study aimed at the isolation of bacteria capable of degrading EE2 using environmental samples, namely a sludge from the Faro Northwest WWTP. Four isolates with ability to grow in the presence of 50 mg l-1 EE2 were obtained. The analysis of 16SrRNA gene sequences identified the isolated bacteria as Acinetobacter bouvetii, Acinetobacter kookii, Pantoea agglomerans and Shinella zoogloeoides. The results of biodegradation assays showed that Acinetobacter bouvetii, Acinetobacter kookii, Pantoea agglomerans and Shinella zoogloeoides were able to degrade 47±4 %, 55±3 %, 64±4% and 35±4 %, respectively of 13 mg l-1 EE2 after 168 h at 28 °C. To the best of our knowledge, these bacterial isolates were identified as EE2 degraders for the first time. In a preliminary experiment on the identification of metabolic products resulting from EE2 degradation products such as estrone (E1), γ-lactone compounds, 2-pentanedioic acid and 2-butenedioic acid an intermediate metabolite of the TCA cycle, were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Luz Palma
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, building 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.,Centro de Ciências do Mar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, building 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anastasiia Shylova
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, building 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Costa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, building 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, building 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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9
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Hsiao TH, Lee TH, Chuang MR, Wang PH, Meng M, Horinouchi M, Hayashi T, Chen YL, Chiang YR. Identification of essential β-oxidation genes and corresponding metabolites for oestrogen degradation by actinobacteria. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:949-966. [PMID: 34523795 PMCID: PMC8913865 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidal oestrogens (C18) are contaminants receiving increasing attention due to their endocrine‐disrupting activities at sub‐nanomolar concentrations. Although oestrogens can be eliminated through photodegradation, microbial function is critical for removing oestrogens from ecosystems devoid of sunlight exposure including activated sludge, soils and aquatic sediments. Actinobacteria were found to be key oestrogen degraders in manure‐contaminated soils and estuarine sediments. Previously, we used the actinobacterium Rhodococcus sp. strain B50 as a model microorganism to identify two oxygenase genes, aedA and aedB, involved in the activation and subsequent cleavage of the estrogenic A‐ring respectively. However, genes responsible for the downstream degradation of oestrogen A/B‐rings remained completely unknown. In this study, we employed tiered comparative transcriptomics, gene disruption experiments and mass spectrometry‐based metabolite profile analysis to identify oestrogen catabolic genes. We observed the up‐regulation of thiolase‐encoding aedF and aedK in the transcriptome of strain B50 grown with oestrone. Consistently, two downstream oestrogenic metabolites, 5‐oxo‐4‐norestrogenic acid (C17) and 2,3,4‐trinorestrogenic acid (C15), were accumulated in aedF‐ and aedK‐disrupted strain B50 cultures. Disruption of fadD3 [3aα‐H‐4α(3'‐propanoate)‐7aβ‐methylhexahydro‐1,5‐indanedione (HIP)‐coenzyme A‐ligase gene] in strain B50 resulted in apparent HIP accumulation in oestrone‐fed cultures, indicating the essential role of fadD3 in actinobacterial oestrogen degradation. In addition, we detected a unique meta‐cleavage product, 4,5‐seco‐estrogenic acid (C18), during actinobacterial oestrogen degradation. Differentiating the oestrogenic metabolite profile and degradation genes of actinobacteria and proteobacteria enables the cost‐effective and time‐saving identification of potential oestrogen degraders in various ecosystems through liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and polymerase chain reaction‐based functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun-Hsien Hsiao
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Rong Chuang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiang Wang
- Gradaute Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan.,Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Menghsiao Meng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Masae Horinouchi
- Condensed Molecular Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hayashi
- Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, 111, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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10
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Current advances in treatment technologies for removal of emerging contaminants from water – A critical review. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Islam R, Yu RMK, Andrew-Priestley M, Smith N, Rahman MM, Tran TKA, Connor WAO, MacFarlane GR. Secondary treatment phase of tertiary wastewater treatment works significantly reduces estrogenic load. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117257. [PMID: 34077838 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds enter waterways via effluents from wastewater treatment works (WWTW), thereby indicating a potential risk to organisms inhabiting adjacent receiving waters. However, little is known about the loads or concentrations of estrogenic compounds that enter Australian WWTWs, the efficiency of removing estrogenic compounds throughout the various stages of tertiary WWTW processes (which are common in Australia), nor the concentrations released into estuarine or marine receiving waters, and the associated risk for aquatic taxa residing in these environments. Therefore, seven estrogenic compounds, comprising the natural estrogens estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3), the synthetic estrogen (EE2), and the industrial chemicals bisphenol A (BPA), 4-t-octyl phenol (4-t-OP) and 4-nonyl phenol (4-NP), in wastewater samples were quantified via liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) after solid-phase extraction at different stages of wastewater treatment and associated receiving waters. The concentrations of the target compounds in wastewater ranged from < LOQ (limit of quantification) to 158 ng/L for Tanilba Bay WWTW and < LOQ to 162 ng/L for Belmont WWTW. Most target compounds significantly declined after the secondary treatment phase. Appreciable removal efficiency throughout the treatment process was observed with removal from 39.21 to 99.98% of influent values at both WWTWs. The reduction of the natural estrogens (E1, E2 and E3) and 4-t-OP were significantly greater than EE2, BPA, and 4-NP in both WWTWs. Risk quotients (RQs) were calculated to assess potential ecological risks from individual estrogenic compounds. In predicted diluted effluents, no targeted compounds showed any ecological risk (RQ ≤1.65 × 10-2) at both WWTWs. Similarly, all RQs for shore samples at both WWTWs were below 1. Finally, the hazard index (HI), which represents combined estrogenic contaminants' ecological risk, indicated no mentionable risk for predicted diluted effluents (HI = 0.0097 to 0.0218) as well as shoreline samples (HI = 0.393 to 0.522) in the receiving estuarine or marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiquel Islam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Richard Man Kit Yu
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Nathan Smith
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Thi Kim Anh Tran
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; School of Agriculture and Resources, Vinh University, Viet Nam
| | - Wayne A O' Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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12
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Gu D, Song Z, Kang H, Mao Y, Feng Q. Occurrence, Profiles and Ecological Risk of Bisphenol Analogues in a Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:1044-1049. [PMID: 33825910 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the strict control on bisphenol A (BPA) in many countries, bisphenol analogues (BPs) are being widely used as alternative materials to manufacture epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, resulting in their occurrence in sewage treatment plants (STPs). In this study, the occurrence and distribution of 7 BPs in a large-scale STP in Beijing China was investigated. Wastewater samples were collected from the influents and effluents of each processing unit, and extracted by solid-phase extraction. Target compounds were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The total concentrations of seven BPs (ΣBPs) were 400.42 ± 48.12 ng/L in the raw sewage, 438.60 ± 46.50 ng/L in the primary effluent, 17.21 ± 13.12 ng/L in the secondary effluent, and 11.33 ± 4.84 ng/L in the tertiary effluent, respectively. Bisphenol S (BPS) and BPA were the predominant congener in raw sewage with an overall contribution of 29.32% and 70.22% to the ΣBPs, indicating that there was a large amount of BPS and BPA consumption in the study area. During a one-week sampling period, ΣBPs changed slightly at the same sampling site. It was found that high removal efficiencies were achieved for BPs in anoxic and oxic secondary clarifier treatment units, suggesting that biodegradation and sorption played major roles in BPs elimination in the STP. After tertiary treatment, all BPs except BPA were completely removed, suggesting the necessity to investigate the fate and toxicity of BPA in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Gu
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhongxian Song
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
| | - Haiyan Kang
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
| | - Yanli Mao
- Faculty of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China.
| | - Qiyan Feng
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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13
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Chen L, Fu W, Tan Y, Zhang X. Emerging organic contaminants and odorous compounds in secondary effluent wastewater: Identification and advanced treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124817. [PMID: 33370690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to address organic micropollutants in secondary effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by first identification of micropollutants in different treatment units, and second by evaluating an advanced treatment process for removals of micropollutants. In secondary effluents, 28 types of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), 5 types of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and 3 types of odorous compounds are detected with total concentrations of 513 ± 57.8 ng/L, 991 ± 36.5 ng/L, 553 ± 48.3 ng/L, respectively. An integrated process consisting of in-situ ozonation, ceramic membrane filtration (CMF) and biological active carbon (BAC) filtration is investigated in a pilot scale (1000 m3/d) for removal of micropollutants in secondary effluents. The total removal efficiencies of PPCPs, EDCs and odorous compounds are 98.5%, 95.4%, and 91.1%, respectively. Removal mechanisms of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and odorous compounds are discussed based on their physicochemical properties. The remarkable removal efficiencies of micropollutants by the pilot system is attributed to synergistic effects of combining ozonation, ceramic membrane filtration and BAC filtration. This study provides a cost-effective and robust technology with the capability of treating secondary effluents for reuse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanyi Fu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu Tan
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Castellanos RM, Bassin JP, Bila DM, Dezotti M. Biodegradation of natural and synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemicals by aerobic granular sludge reactor: Evaluating estrogenic activity and estrogens fate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116551. [PMID: 33529898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biodegradation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (namely the natural and synthetic estrogens 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), respectively) was assessed in an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating simulated domestic sewage. To better understand the fate of these compounds, their concentrations were determined in both liquid and solid (biomass) samples. Throughout the operation of the reactor, subjected to alternating anaerobic and aerated conditions, the removal of the hormones, both present in the influent at a concentration of 20 μg L-1, amounted to 99% (for E2) and 93% (for EE2), with the latter showing higher resistance to biodegradation. Through yeast estrogen screen assays, an average moderate residual estrogenic activity (0.09 μg L-1 EQ-E2) was found in the samples analysed. E2 and EE2 profiles over the SBR cycle suggest a rapid initial adsorption of these compounds on the granular biomass occurring anaerobically, followed by biodegradation under aeration. A possible sequence of steps for the removal of the micropollutants, including the key microbial players, was proposed. Besides the good capability of the AGS on EDCs removal, the results revealed high removal efficiencies (>90%) of COD, ammonium and phosphate. Most of the incoming organics (>80%) were consumed under anaerobic conditions, when phosphate was released (75.2 mgP L-1). Nitrification and phosphate uptake took place along the aeration phase, with effluent ammonium and phosphate levels around 2 mg L-1. Although nitrite accumulation took place over the cycle, nitrate consisted of the main oxidized nitrogen form in the effluent. The specific ammonium and phosphate uptake rates attained in the SBR were found to be 3.3 mgNH4+-N gVSS-1.h-1 and 6.7 mgPO43--P gVSS-1 h-1, respectively, while the specific denitrification rate corresponded to 1.0 mgNOx--N gVSS-1 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynel Martínez Castellanos
- Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68502, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João P Bassin
- Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68502, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Daniele M Bila
- Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia Dezotti
- Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68502, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Duan S, Iwanowicz LR, Noguera-Oviedo K, Kaushal SS, Rosenfeldt EJ, Aga DS, Murthy S. Evidence that watershed nutrient management practices effectively reduce estrogens in environmental waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143904. [PMID: 33321363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the impacts of different nutrient management strategies on the potential for co-managing estrogens and nutrients in environmental waters of the Potomac watershed of the Chesapeake Bay. These potential co-management approaches represent agricultural and urban runoff, wastewater treatment plant effluent, and combined sewer overflow replacements. Twelve estrogenic compounds and their metabolites were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Estrogenic activity (E2Eq) was measured by in vitro bioassay. We detected estrone E1 (0.05-6.97 ng L-1) and estriol E3 (below detection-8.13 ng L-1) and one conjugated estrogen (estrone-3-sulfate E1-3S; below detection-8.13 ng L-1). E1 was widely distributed and positively correlated with E2Eq, water temperature, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Among nonpoint sources, E2Eq, and concentrations of E1, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) decreased by 51-61%, 77-82%, 62-64%, 4-16% in restored urban and agricultural streams with best management practices (BMPs) relative to unrestored streams without BMPs. In a wastewater treatment plant (Blue Plains WWTP), >94% of E1, E1-3S, E3, E2Eq and TDN were removed while SRP increased by 305% during nitrification/denitrification as a part of advanced wastewater treatment. Consequently, E1 and TDN concentrations in WWTP effluents were comparable or even lower than those observed in the receiving stream or river waters, and the effects of wastewater discharges on downstream E1 and TDN concentrations were minor. Highest E2Eq value and concentrations of E1, E3, and TDN were detected in combined sewer overflow (CSO). This study suggests that WWTP upgrades with biological nutrient removal, CSO management, and certain agricultural and urban BMPs for nutrient controls have the potential to remove estrogens from point and nonpoint sources along with other contaminants in streams and rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiwang Duan
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Katia Noguera-Oviedo
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Sujay S Kaushal
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Diana S Aga
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Sudhir Murthy
- District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
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16
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Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Removal Methods from Wastewater in the United Kingdom: A Review. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are contaminants with estrogenic or androgenic activity that negatively impact human and animal communities. These compounds have become one of the most significant concerns for wastewater treatment in recent decades. Several studies have evaluated EDC removal methods from wastewater across the globe, including the United Kingdom (UK). Accordingly, the current study reviews EDC removal methods from municipal/domestic wastewater in the United Kingdom (UK) for the period of 2010–2017. The current study analysed original research articles (250), review articles (52), short communication (43), and other associated documents via the ScienceDirect.com database. A total of 25 published articles, which covered EDC removal methods from UK wastewaters, were reviewed rigorously. The research highlights that despite the relative efficacy of existing chemical and physical methods for removing certain EDCs from wastewater, there is emerging evidence supporting the need for more widespread application of nature-based and biological approaches, particularly the use of biofilms. The analysis reveals that there have been relatively few research studies on EDC removal methods carried out in the UK in the 2010–2017 period. Only four papers addressed the removal of specific endocrine disrupting compounds from UK municipal wastewater, and none of the studies addressed EDC removal by using direct biofilms. Finally, this review suggests that more research is needed to remove EDCs, particularly through the application of biofilms, from municipal wastewater in current scenarios.
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17
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Boudissa F, Zekkari M, Arus VA, Ouargli-Saker R, Nabil B, Roy R, Azzouz A. Clay-catalyzed ozonation of endocrine-disrupting compounds in solvent-free media - to better understand soil catalytic capacity. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16693-16706. [PMID: 33073818 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02776f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An original approach never tackled so far allowed correlating the basicity and hydrophilic character of clay catalysts to surface interaction with 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) during ozonation in water. The clay catalysts were found to behave specifically according to their silica/alumina ratio like soils in natural oxidative processes. Acid-activated bentonites (HMt) and ion-exchanged montmorillonite (NaMt and Fe(ii)Mt) showed catalytic activity in the ozonation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in aqueous media. In the absence of catalysts, the degradation of (EE2) reached 72% after one minute of ozonation and 99.5% after 60 minutes. In the presence of Fe(ii)Mt, EE2 degradation (96%) was achieved after only one minute of ozonation. Under similar conditions, almost total degradation to 99.99% was registered in 15 minutes of ozonation but without total mineralization of the intermediates. Moderately acid-activated bentonites exhibited higher activity affording total mineralization within a short period of ozonation. The catalytic activity of clay catalysts was found to correlate with their surface basicity and hydrophilic character. The results obtained herein allow understanding soil behavior in natural oxidative degradation of organic molecules and envisaging effective soil-based catalysts with surface properties judiciously tailored according to the nature of organic pollutants in solvent free media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Boudissa
- Nanoqam, Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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18
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Valdez-Carrillo M, Abrell L, Ramírez-Hernández J, Reyes-López JA, Carreón-Diazconti C. Pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment of Latin America: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44863-44891. [PMID: 32986197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are environmentally ubiquitous around the world, and the countries of Latin America (LATAM) are not the exception; however there is still little knowledge of the magnitude and conditions of their occurrence in LATAM and of the environmental consequences of their presence. The present work reviews 79 documents published from 2007 to 2019 on the occurrence, concentrations, and sources of PhACs and hormones in surface water (SW), wastewater (WW), and treated wastewater (TWW) in LATAM and on the circumstances of their release to the environment. Research efforts are reported in only ten countries and confirm the presence of 159 PhACs, mainly analgesics and anti-inflammatories, although extraordinarily high concentrations of carbamazepine (830 μg/L) and ethinylestradiol (6.8 μg/L) were found in Ecuador and Brazil, respectively. The analysis of maximum concentrations and the ecotoxicological risk assessment corroborate that (1) these values exceed the environmental concentrations found in other parts of the world, (2) the environmental risk posed by these concentrations is remarkably high, and (3) there is no statistically significant difference between the maximum concentrations found in WW and those found in TWW. The main source of PhACs in LATAM's aquatic environment is WW; hence, these countries should direct substantial efforts to develop efficient and cost-effective treatment technologies and plan and apply WW management strategies and regulations. This analysis presents the current states of occurrence, concentrations, and sources of PhACs in the aquatic environment of LATAM and outlines the magnitude of the environmental problem in that part of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Valdez-Carrillo
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería, Calle de la Normal y Blvd. Benito Juarez s/n, Col. Insurgentes Sur, 21377, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Leif Abrell
- Arizona Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, Departments of Soil, Water & Environmental Science and Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th St., Room 606/611, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jorge Ramírez-Hernández
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería, Calle de la Normal y Blvd. Benito Juarez s/n, Col. Insurgentes Sur, 21377, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Jaime A Reyes-López
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería, Calle de la Normal y Blvd. Benito Juarez s/n, Col. Insurgentes Sur, 21377, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Concepción Carreón-Diazconti
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería, Calle de la Normal y Blvd. Benito Juarez s/n, Col. Insurgentes Sur, 21377, Mexicali, BC, Mexico.
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19
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Muriuki C, Kairigo P, Home P, Ngumba E, Raude J, Gachanja A, Tuhkanen T. Mass loading, distribution, and removal of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in selected wastewater treatment plants in Kenya. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140655. [PMID: 32659557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into the aquatic environment from wastewater effluents is a concern in many countries. Although many studies have been conducted to evaluate the APIs removal efficiencies and emissions to the environment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), most of these studies considered the aqueous and sludge phases, disregarding the suspended particulate matter (SPM) phase. To try to understand the role of the SPM, the occurrence of five most common antibiotics and three antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) commonly used in Kenya were investigated in this study. APIs partitioning and mass loading in influents and effluents of three different WWTPs: trickling filters, stabilization ponds, and decentralized fecal sludge system, were evaluated. API concentration levels ranging from ˂LOQ (limit of quantification) to 92 μgL-1 and ˂LOQ to 82.2 mgkg-1 were observed in aqueous samples and solid samples respectively, with SPM accounting for most of the higher concentrations. The use of the aqueous phase alone for determination of removal efficiencies showed underestimations of API removal as compared to when solid phases are also considered. Negative removal efficiencies were observed, depending on the compound and the type of WWTP. The negative removals were associated with deconjugation of metabolites, aggregated accumulation of APIs in the WWTPs, as well as unaccounted hydraulic retention time during sampling. Compound characteristics, environmental factors, and WWTPs operation influenced WWTPs removal efficiencies. Wastewater stabilization ponds had the poorest removals efficiencies with an average of -322%. High total mass loads into the WWTPs influent and effluent of 22,729 and 22,385 mg day-1 1000 PE-1 were observed respectively. The results aims at aiding scientists and engineers in planning and designing of WWTPs. Findings also aim at aiding policy-making on pharmaceutical drug use and recommend proper wastewater management practices to manage the high mass loading observed in the WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Muriuki
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Pius Kairigo
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Patrick Home
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah Ngumba
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Raude
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Gachanja
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tuula Tuhkanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
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20
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Joseph SMR, Wijekoon P, Dilsharan B, Punchihewa ND, Athapattu BCL, Vithanage M. Anammox, biochar column and subsurface constructed wetland as an integrated system for treating municipal solid waste derived landfill leachate from an open dumpsite. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109880. [PMID: 32979992 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to treat nitrogen-rich landfill leachate from Karadiyana open dumpsite, Sri Lanka, through an integrated treatment train consists of an anammox process, Municipal Solid Waste derived biochar column followed by a biochar embedded subsurface constructed wetland. Characterization of leachate was done and the leachate pollution index (LPI) was estimated. Meanwhile, leachate was treated through a treatment system comprising an anammox reactor having 140 mm diameter and 250 mm height, a biochar reactor having the same dimensions with 1.3 kg of MSW biochar, and a laboratory-scale constructed wetland of 1 × 0.3 × 0.45 m. The influent and effluent quality was assessed for the samples taken in 24 h intervals. The analysis indicated that the leachate was high in COD (4000-14,000 mg/L), ammonia (760-900 mg/L), nitrate (60-126 mg/L), and phosphorus (33-66 mg/L). Ammonia and nitrite were removed 94 and 99% by anammox unit, respectively. Nitrate, phosphate, COD and conductivity were significantly removed by the constructed wetland system in 78, 70, 65 and 61%, respectively, whereas biochar barricades extended support for removal of the contaminants and color. The combined treatment system demonstrated treatment efficiencies as 100% of ammonia, 98.7% of nitrite, 98.2% of nitrate, 80.9% of phosphate, 79.7% of COD, and 69.9% of conductivity. Thus, it can be concluded that the anammox, combined with biochar embedded treatment train is promising to treat landfill leachate, having a high pollutant index.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M R Joseph
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Prabuddhi Wijekoon
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - B Dilsharan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - N D Punchihewa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - B C L Athapattu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
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21
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Kibambe MG, Momba MNB, Daso AP, Van Zijl MC, Coetzee MAA. Efficiency of selected wastewater treatment processes in removing estrogen compounds and reducing estrogenic activity using the T47D-KBLUC reporter gene assay. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110135. [PMID: 32090831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) consisting of natural and synthetic estrogens, namely estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was quantified in wastewater samples. The aim of this study was to assess the removal efficiency for the selected estrogens (E1, E2, E3 and EE2) and reduction of estrogenic activity in wastewater samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using different processes. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were used to quantify the selected estrogens in wastewater samples. Estrogenic activity was assessed using the T47D-KBluc gene reporter assay. Results revealed a decrease in estrogen concentrations observed in the effluents of all the WWTPs, except for E2 at Daspoort where no removal was noted. In general, the highest removal for total estrogens was observed at Phola (84%) combining three processes (AP, BF and wetland). The AS at Daspoort had a highest removal of 75% for E3; while at Zeekoegat the highest removal reached 61% for EE2. The PST at Daspoort had no removal recorded for all the compounds, except for the EE2 (33%). The AP and BF systems at Phola contributed to a higher removal of selected compounds. Downstream of the wetland at Phola no removal was recorded for E3; while the highest removal reached 61% for E1. The best performance in terms of the overall influent-to-effluent removal efficiency was observed at Phola WWTP, where E1 removal of 85% was recorded. The highest estrogenic activity in the effluent was reported at Phola, with an average estradiol equivalent (EEQ) value of 6.3 ± 6.7 ng/L. However, no anti-estrogenic activity was detected in any of the samples. The daily mass load discharged from the effluent of the three WWTPs was higher for E1 recorded at Zeekoegat (8002.3 ± 6416.3 mg/d), followed by Daspoort (3509.8 ± 849.0 mg/d) and finally Phola (176.1 ± 34.9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyasu Grace Kibambe
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Maggie N B Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - A P Daso
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - M C Van Zijl
- Department of Urology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 007, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marthie A A Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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Junejo Y, Safdar M. Highly effective heterogeneous doxycycline stabilized silver nanocatalyst for the degradation of ibuprofen and paracetamol drugs. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Campos JM, Queiroz SCN, Roston DM. Removal of the endocrine disruptors ethinyl estradiol, bisphenol A, and levonorgestrel by subsurface constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133514. [PMID: 31369896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate the removal efficiency of the endocrine disruptors ethinyl estradiol (EE2), the progestin levonorgestrel (LNG), and bisphenol A (BPA), considered to be contaminants of major concern, by using four laboratory scale constructed wetlands (CW) - three containing gravel as support media, one cultivated with Cyperus isocladus (WL1), other with Eichhornia crassipes (WL3), and one without macrophyte (WL2). The fourth unit contained gravel and bamboo charcoal as support medium, also cultivated with Cyperus isocladus (WLC). Two hydraulic retention times (HRT) were tested, 2 and 4 days. Average removals ranged from 9.0 to 95.6% for EE2, from 29.5 to 91.2% for BPA and from 39.1 to 100.0% for LNG. The results showed that the most efficient CW for removal of EE2 and BPA was WLC, and for LNG removal was WL3. The 2 days HRT was statistically more efficient in removing EE2, and the 4 days HRT was more efficient in the LNG removal. The other endocrine disruptors and concentration ranges were not influenced by HRT. It was concluded that WLC was the most suitable CW for removal of these three compounds, and it possibly is efficient also for the removal of other endocrine disruptors with similar physical-chemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julyenne Meneghetti Campos
- School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas, Candido Rondon Avenue, 501, 13083-875 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sonia C N Queiroz
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants, SP 340 Road, Km 127.5, 13918-110, Tanquinho Velho, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
| | - Denis M Roston
- School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas, Candido Rondon Avenue, 501, 13083-875 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Mahesh GB, Manu B. Removal of ametryn and organic matter from wastewater using sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch reactor: A performance evaluation study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109390. [PMID: 31434048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate biodegradation of 2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (ametryn) in a laboratory-scale anaerobic sequential batch reactor (ASBR) and followed by aerobic post-treatment. Co-treatment of ametryn with starch is carried out at ambient environmental conditions. The treatment process lasted up to 150 days of operation at a constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.21-0.215 kg-COD/m3/d. Ametryn concentration of 4 and 6 mg/L was removed completely within 48-50 days of operation with chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies >85% at optimum reactor conditions. Ametryn acted as a nutrient/carbon source rather causing toxicity and contributed to methane gas production and sludge granulation in the anaerobic reactor. Biotransformation products of ametryn to cyanuric acid, biuret, and their further conversion to ammonia nitrogen and CO2 are monitored during the study. Adsorption of ametryn on to reactor sludge was negligible, sludge granulation, presence of ANAMMOX bacteria, and low MLVSS/MLSS ratio between 0.68 and 0.72. The study revealed that ametryn removal occurred mainly due to biodegradation and co-metabolism processes. Aerobic post-treatment of anaerobic effluent was able to remove COD up to 95%. The results of this study exhibit that anaerobic-aerobic treatment is feasible due to easy operation, economic, and highly efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanuru Basappa Mahesh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar (PO), Mangaluru, D.K., Karnataka, 575025, India.
| | - Basavaraju Manu
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar (PO), Mangaluru, D.K., Karnataka, 575025, India.
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Abstract
The development of civilization entails a growing demand for consumer goods. A side effect of the production and use of these materials is the production of solid waste and wastewater. Municipal and industrial wastewater usually contain a large amount of various organic compounds and are the main source of pollution of the aquatic environment with these substances. Therefore, the search for effective methods of wastewater and other polluted water treatment is an important element of caring for the natural environment. This Special Issue contains nine peer-review articles presenting research on the determination and removal of environmentally hazardous organic compounds from aqueous samples. The presented articles were categorized into three major fields: new approaches to the degradation of water pollutants, new methods of isolation and determination of the emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), and the occurrence of EOCs in the water environment. These articles present only selected issues from a very wide area, which is the removal of organic pollution in water environment, but can serve as important references for future studies.
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Abbas A, Schneider I, Bollmann A, Funke J, Oehlmann J, Prasse C, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Seitz W, Ternes T, Weber M, Wesely H, Wagner M. What you extract is what you see: Optimising the preparation of water and wastewater samples for in vitro bioassays. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 152:47-60. [PMID: 30660097 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of water quality is crucial for safeguarding drinking water resources and ecosystem integrity. To this end, sample preparation and extraction is critically important, especially when investigating emerging contaminants and the toxicity of water samples. As extraction methods are rarely optimised for bioassays but rather adopted from chemical analysis, this may result in a misrepresentation of the actual toxicity. In this study, surface water, groundwater, hospital and municipal wastewater were used to characterise the impacts of common sample preparation techniques (acidification, filtration and solid phase extraction (SPE)) on the outcomes of eleven in vitro bioassays. The latter covered endocrine activity (reporter gene assays for estrogen, androgen, aryl-hydrocarbon, retinoic acid, retinoid X, vitamin D, thyroid receptor), mutagenicity (Ames fluctuation test), genotoxicity (umu test) and cytotoxicity. Water samples extracted using different SPE sorbents (Oasis HLB, Supelco ENVI-Carb+, Telos C18/ENV) at acidic and neutral pH were compared for their performance in recovering biological effects. Acidification, commonly used for stabilisation, significantly altered the endocrine activity and toxicity of most (waste)water samples. Sample filtration did not affect the majority of endpoints but in certain cases affected the (anti-)estrogenic and dioxin-like activities. SPE extracts (10.4 × final concentration), including WWTP effluents, induced significant endocrine effects that were not detected in aqueous samples (0.63 × final concentration), such as estrogenic, (anti-)androgenic and dioxin-like activities. When ranking the SPE methods using multivariate Pareto optimisation an extraction with Telos C18/ENV at pH 7 was most effective in recovering toxicity. At the same time, these extracts were highly cytotoxic masking the endpoint under investigation. Compared to that, extraction at pH 2.5 enriched less cytotoxicity. In summary, our study demonstrates that sample preparation and extraction critically affect the outcome of bioassays when assessing the toxicity of water samples. Depending on the water matrix and the bioassay, these methods need to be optimised to accurately assess water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aennes Abbas
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Ilona Schneider
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Anna Bollmann
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, D-89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Jan Funke
- IWW Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wasser Beratungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH, Moritzstraße 26, D-45476, Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carsten Prasse
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolfram Seitz
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, D-89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Thomas Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Marcus Weber
- Department of Numerical Analysis and Modelling, Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin (ZIB), Takustraße 7, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Wesely
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Yien Fang T, Praveena SM, Aris AZ, Syed Ismail SN, Rasdi I. Quantification of selected steroid hormones (17β-Estradiol and 17α-Ethynylestradiol) in wastewater treatment plants in Klang Valley (Malaysia). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:153-162. [PMID: 30316157 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens, such as 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) are potent and were categorized as "Watch List" in Directive 2013/39/EU because of their potential risks to aquatic environment. Commercialized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits have been used to quantify steroid estrogens in wastewater samples due to their simplicity, rapid, cost-effectiveness, and validated assays. Hence, this study aims to determine the occurrence and removal of steroid hormones in Malaysian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by ELISA, to identify the association of removal efficiency (E2 and EE2) with respect to WWTPs operating conditions, and to assess the potential risks of steroid estrogens to aquatic environment and human. Results showed E2 concentration ranged from 88.2 ± 7.0 ng/L to 93.9 ± 6.9 ng/L in influent and 35.1 ± 17.3 ng/L to 85.2 ± 7.6 ng/L in effluent, with removal of 6.4%-63.0%. The EE2 concentration ranged from 0.2 ± 0.2 ng/L to 4.9 ± 6.3 ng/L in influent and 0.02 ± 0.03 ng/L to 1.0 ± 0.8 ng/L in effluent, with removal of 28.3-99.3%. There is a correlation between EE2 removal with total suspended solid (TSS) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP), and was statistically significant. Despite the calculated estrogenic activity for E2 and EE2 was relatively high, dilution effects could lower estrogenic response to aquatic environment. Besides, these six selected WWTPs have cumulative RQ values below the allowable limit, except WWTP 1. Relatively high precipitation (129-218 mm) could further dilute estrogens concentration in the receiving river. These outputs can be used as quantitative information for evaluating the occurrence and removal of steroid estrogens in Malaysian WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yien Fang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Irniza Rasdi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Damkjaer K, Weisser JJ, Msigala SC, Mdegela R, Styrishave B. Occurrence, removal and risk assessment of steroid hormones in two wastewater stabilization pond systems in Morogoro, Tanzania. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:1142-1154. [PMID: 30286543 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the occurrence and removal of 10 steroid hormones (4 androgens, 3 progestagens and 3 estrogens) in two WSP systems, Mafisa and Mzumbe in Morogoro, Tanzania. All 10 steroid hormones were detected in the influent of both WSP systems in the dry as well as in the rainy season. The concentrations of steroids in influent wastewater ranged from 0.1 ng/L for 17-OH-pregnenolone to 445 ng/L for estrone and from below limit of detection for 17-OH-pregnenolone to 45 ng/L for estrone in effluent. During dry season, the overall mean ± standard deviation removal efficiency for the 10 steroids were 70 ± 21% for Mzumbe WSP and 97 ± 3% for Mafisa WSP. During the rainy season the overall mean removal efficiency for all the steroid hormones were 52 ± 32% for Mzumbe WSP and 94 ± 8% for Mafisa WSP. Risk was characterized by calculating the risk quotients (RQs) for fish and humans. 46% of the total RQs calculated were above one, indicating high risk. Low RQs were estimated for androgens and progestagens but the estrogen concentrations measured in the WSP systems and Morogoro River indicated a high risk for fish. However, estrogens appeared not to pose an appreciable risk to human health from water intake and fish consumption. The results indicated that WSP systems are quite effective in removing steroid hormones from wastewater. Thus, low technology systems such as WSP systems are suitable techniques in low income counties due to relatively low costs of building, operating and maintaining these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Damkjaer
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan J Weisser
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sijaona C Msigala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Robinson Mdegela
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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29
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Ekpeghere KI, Sim WJ, Lee HJ, Oh JE. Occurrence and distribution of carbamazepine, nicotine, estrogenic compounds, and their transformation products in wastewater from various treatment plants and the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1015-1023. [PMID: 30021268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and fates of carbamazepine and metabolites (CBMs), nicotine and metabolites (NCTs), estrogenic compounds and metabolites (Es) in various water samples were investigated. Different concentrations were found for water from different sources. The concentrations of these pharmaceuticals and personal care products and their metabolites in human waste treatment plant (HTP) influents (0.08-173 μg L-1) were higher than in the other influent samples and the lowest levels were observed in hospital wastewater treatment plant influents (0.03-7.33 μg L-1). The concentrations were higher in HTP effluents (0.01-11.2 μg L-1) than in the other effluent samples and lowest in sewage treatment plant effluents (0.003-1.26 μg L-1). The NCTs were the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (concentration range 0.05-89.6 μg L-1) in the wastewater treatment plant influents, but the CBMs were found at the highest concentrations (0.003-6.88 μg L-1). 10, 11-Dihydro-10, 11-dihydroxycarbamazepine was the most abundant of the CBMs in the wastewater treatment plants and water samples. Trans-3'-hydroxycotinine was dominant in the HTP and hospital wastewater treatment plant influents, whereas the parent NCT was dominant in the sewage treatment plant influents and in all the effluent and other water samples. Estriol was the dominant estrogenic compound in the HTP and hospital wastewater treatment plant influents. Estriol and estrone were found in many of the HTP influents, but estrone was dominant in the effluent and other water samples. The total removal efficiencies for the CBMs, NCTs, and estrogenic compounds for the treatment plants were -101% to 56%, 2.9%-99%, and >98%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalu Ibe Ekpeghere
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan `46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Railroad Civil and Environmental Engineering, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Sim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan `46241, Republic of Korea; Marine & Environmental Evaluation Team, Korea Testing & Research Institute, Ulsan 681-802, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jun Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan `46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan `46241, Republic of Korea.
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Maurício R, Dias R, Ribeiro V, Fernandes S, Vicente AC, Pinto MI, Noronha JP, Amaral L, Coelho P, Mano AP. 17α-Ethinylestradiol and 17β-estradiol removal from a secondary urban wastewater using an RBC treatment system. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:320. [PMID: 29717352 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of micropollutants that include endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) in aquatic environments is currently one of the most relevant aspects of water quality due to their adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health. From the several categories of EDC, 17β-estradiol (E2) is a natural hormone, which is prevalent in vertebrates, associated with the female reproductive system and maintenance of the sexual characters. 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic hormone produced from the natural hormone E2 and is an essential component of oral contraceptives. These compounds are susceptible to bioconcentration and have high potential to bioaccumulation. Wastewater treatment plants are the main point source of E2 and EE2 into aquatic environments, but conventional wastewater treatment systems are not specifically designed for steroid removal. To overcome this problem, biological tertiary treatment may be a solution for the removal of emergent pollutants such as E2 and EE2. The main purpose of the present study is to provide a solution based on the optimization of a rotating biological contactor system to remove estrogens, specifically E2 and EE2, and to quantify their removal efficiency on different matrices, namely real wastewater and different synthetic wastewaters. All assays presented viable removal efficiencies for compound E2 with values always above 50%; real wastewater yielded the highest removal efficiencies. EE2 removal had better removal efficiencies with synthetic wastewater as feed solution, with removals above 15%, whereas the removal efficiency with real wastewater was inexistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maurício
- CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering; NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - R Dias
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - V Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - S Fernandes
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A C Vicente
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - M I Pinto
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - J P Noronha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - L Amaral
- CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering; NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - P Coelho
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A P Mano
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Tarpani RRZ, Azapagic A. A methodology for estimating concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater treatment plants and in freshwaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:1417-1430. [PMID: 29890607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite an increasing number of studies on pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), data on their concentrations in the environment are still scant. This is due to many factors, including great variability in usage and physicochemical properties of these compounds, which contribute to their widespread presence and complex behaviour, particularly in the aquatic environment. The main pathway for their discharge into the waterways is through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which are inefficient in removing many of PPCP compounds. Therefore, aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the role that WWTPs play in the presence of PPCPs in the environment, this paper proposes a new method for estimating the expected concentrations of these compounds in WWTP influents, effluents and sludge, as well as their expected discharge and related concentrations in freshwaters. The proposed method can assist with future eco-toxicological and environmental risk assessments as well as the development of policies and regulation related to PPCP compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Ricardo Zepon Tarpani
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Room C16, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Adisa Azapagic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Room C16, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Salaudeen T, Okoh O, Agunbiade F, Okoh A. Phthalates removal efficiency in different wastewater treatment technology in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:299. [PMID: 29679156 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal capacity of different wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) technologies adopted in rural areas for phthalate was investigated in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Wastewater samples collected from three selected WWTPs which use activated sludge (AS), trickling filter (TF), and oxidation pond (OP) technology were extracted using the solid-phase extraction method followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The six selected phthalate esters (PAEs) dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) were detected in all the samples collected from the WWTPs. DBP was the most abundant compound in the influent, effluent, and sludge samples with a maximum detection of 2497 μgL-1, 24.2 μgL-1, and 1249 μg/g dW, respectively, followed by DEHP and BBP. There was a relatively high removal capacity achieved by AS in Alice, TF in Berlin, and OP in Bedford with a removal efficiency that varied between 77 and 99%, 76 and 98%, and 61 and 98%, respectively. A high significant correlation of PAE removal with total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity suggests that the removal performance proceeded more through adsorption on settling particles and sludge than on biodegradation. However, the concentrations of PAEs detected in the final effluent and sludge samples exceeded acceptable levels allowed internationally for a safe aquatic environment. AS may have exhibited a more stable and better performance across the different seasons; however, pollution source control still deserves a special attention to prevent the risk posed by these micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek Salaudeen
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Omobola Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Foluso Agunbiade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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Välitalo P, Massei R, Heiskanen I, Behnisch P, Brack W, Tindall AJ, Du Pasquier D, Küster E, Mikola A, Schulze T, Sillanpää M. Effect-based assessment of toxicity removal during wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 126:153-163. [PMID: 28941401 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wastewaters contain complex mixtures of chemicals, which can cause adverse toxic effects in the receiving environment. In the present study, the toxicity removal during wastewater treatment at seven municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was investigated using an effect-based approach. A battery of eight bioassays was applied comprising of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, endocrine disruption and fish embryo toxicity assays. Human cell-based CALUX assays, transgenic larval models and the fish embryo toxicity test were particularly sensitive to WWTP effluents. The results indicate that most effects were significantly reduced or completely removed during wastewater treatment (76-100%), while embryo toxicity, estrogenic activity and thyroid disruption were still detectable in the effluents suggesting that some harmful substances remain after treatment. The responsiveness of the bioassays was compared and the human cell-based CALUX assays showed highest responsiveness in the samples. Additionally, the fish embryo toxicity test and the transgenic larval models for endocrine disrupting effects showed high responsiveness at low sample concentrations in nearly all of the effluent samples. The results showed a similar effect pattern among all WWTPs investigated, indicating that the wastewater composition could be rather similar at different locations. There were no considerable differences in the toxicity removal efficiencies of the treatment plants and no correlation was observed with WWTP characteristics, such as process configuration or sludge age. This study demonstrated that a biotest battery comprising of multiple endpoints can serve as a powerful tool when assessing water quality or water treatment efficiency in a holistic manner. Rather than analyzing the concentrations of a few selected chemicals, bioassays can be used to complement traditional methods of monitoring in the future by assessing sum-parameter based effects, such as mixture effects, and tackling chemicals that are present at concentrations below chemical analytical detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Välitalo
- Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratory Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, 00430, Helsinki, Finland; Aalto University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tietotie 1E, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Riccardo Massei
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ilse Heiskanen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratory Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, 00430, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Eberhard Küster
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Mikola
- Aalto University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tietotie 1E, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Sillanpää
- Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratory Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, 00430, Helsinki, Finland
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Ting YF, Praveena SM, Aris AZ, Ismail SNS, Rasdi I. Mathematical modeling for estrogenic activity prediction of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol mixtures in wastewater treatment plants effluent. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1327-1335. [PMID: 28975452 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens such as 17β-Estradiol (E2) and 17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) are highly potent estrogens that widely detected in environmental samples. Mathematical modelling such as concentration addition (CA) and estradiol equivalent concentration (EEQ) models are usually associated with measuring techniques to assess risk, predict the mixture response and evaluate the estrogenic activity of mixture. Wastewater has played a crucial role because wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is the major sources of estrogenic activity in aquatic environment. The aims of this is to determine E2 and EE2 concentrations in six WWTPs effluent, to predict the estrogenic activity of the WWTPs effluent using CA and EEQ models where lastly the effectiveness of two models is evaluated. Results showed that all the six WWTPs effluent had relative high E2 concentration (35.1-85.2 ng/L) compared to EE2 (0.02-1.0 ng/L). The estrogenic activity predicted by CA model was similar among the six WWTPs (105.4 ng/L), due to the similarity of individual dose potency ratio calculated by respective WWTPs. The predicted total EEQ was ranged from 35.1 EEQ-ng/L to 85.3 EEQ-ng/L, explained by high E2 concentration in WWTPs effluent and E2 EEF value that standardized to 1.0 μg/L. The CA model is more effective than EEQ model in estrogenic activity prediction because EEQ model used less data and causes disassociation from the predicted behavior. Although both models predicted relative high estrogenic activity in WWTPs effluent, dilution effects in receiving river may lower the estrogenic response to aquatic inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yien Fang Ting
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Irniza Rasdi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Wu Q, Lam JCW, Kwok KY, Tsui MMP, Lam PKS. Occurrence and fate of endogenous steroid hormones, alkylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenol A and phthalates in municipal sewage treatment systems. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 61:49-58. [PMID: 29191315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones, alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interfere with the endocrine function in organisms at low concentrations. The occurrence, distribution behavior, removal rate and the fate of 31 target EDCs in sewage treatment plants, which consist of various treatment facilities and receiving water in Hong Kong, were investigated. Estrone, nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate and diethyl phthalate were found to be dominant in each group of influent samples with concentrations ranging from 11-33, 747-3945 and 445-4635ng/L, respectively. Conversely, progesterone, nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the most abundant in dewatered sludge, with concentrations ranging from 0.9-237, 75-19,743 and 4310-37,016ng/g (dry weight). The removal rates of primary sedimentation and disinfection approaches were lower than 30% for most of the chemicals, while those of activated sludge and reverse osmosis were greater than 80% for more than two-thirds of the compounds, noticeably decreasing the estrogenic risk of sewage discharged into the environment. Steroid hormones were removed via biological degradation, while some APEOs and PAEs adsorbed to the sludge. Victoria Harbor poses a low to medium estrogenic risk mainly contributed by estrone and estradiol and deserves attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Biology and Chemistry, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Biology and Chemistry, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong of Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Karen Y Kwok
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Biology and Chemistry, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Mirabelle M P Tsui
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Biology and Chemistry, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Biology and Chemistry, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Ali I, Alothman ZA, Alwarthan A. Supra molecular mechanism of the removal of 17-β-estradiol endocrine disturbing pollutant from water on functionalized iron nano particles. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ting YF, Praveena SM. Sources, mechanisms, and fate of steroid estrogens in wastewater treatment plants: a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:178. [PMID: 28342046 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroid estrogens, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), are natural and synthetic hormones released into the environment through incomplete sewage discharge. This review focuses on the sources of steroid estrogens in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The mechanisms and fate of steroid estrogens throughout the entire wastewater treatment system are also discussed, and relevant information on regulatory aspects is given. Municipal, pharmaceutical industry, and hospitals are the main sources of steroid estrogens that enter WWTPs. A typical WWTP comprises primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment units. Sorption and biodegradation are the main mechanisms for removal of steroid estrogens from WWTPs. The fate of steroid estrogens in WWTPs depends on the types of wastewater treatment systems. Steroid estrogens in the primary treatment unit are removed by sorption onto primary sludge, followed by sorption onto micro-flocs and biodegradation by microbes in the secondary treatment unit. Tertiary treatment employs nitrification, chlorination, or UV disinfection to improve the quality of the secondary effluent. Activated sludge treatment systems for steroid estrogens exhibit a removal efficiency of up to 100%, which is higher than that of the trickling filter treatment system (up to 75%). Moreover, the removal efficiency of advance treatment systems exceeds 90%. Regulatory aspects related to steroid estrogens are established, especially in the European Union. Japan is the only Asian country that implements a screening program and is actively involved in endocrine disruptor testing and assessment. This review improves our understanding of steroid estrogens in WWTPs, proposes main areas to be improved, and provides current knowledge on steroid estrogens in WWTPs for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yien Fang Ting
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Tiedeken EJ, Tahar A, McHugh B, Rowan NJ. Monitoring, sources, receptors, and control measures for three European Union watch list substances of emerging concern in receiving waters - A 20year systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1140-1163. [PMID: 27741430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of European receiving waters with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), such as with 17-beta-estradiol (a natural estrogenic hormone, E2), along with pharmaceutically-active compounds diclofenac (an anti-inflammatory drug, DCL) and 17-alpha-ethynylestradiol (a synthetic estrogenic hormone, EE2)) is a ubiquitous phenomenon. These three CECs were added to the EU watch list of emerging substances to be monitoring in 2013, which was updated in 2015 to comprise 10 substances/groups of substances in the field of water policy. A systematic literature review was conducted of 3952 potentially relevant articles over period 1995 to 2015 that produced a new EU-wide database consisting of 1268 publications on DCL, E2 and EE2. European surface water concentrations of DCL are typically reported below the proposed annual average environmental quality standard (AA EQS) of 100ng/l, but that exceedances frequently occur. E2 and EE2 surface water concentrations are typically below 50ng/l and 10ng/l respectively, but these values greatly exceed the proposed AA EQS values for these compounds (0.04 and 0.035ng/l respectively). However, levels of these CECs are frequently reported to be disproportionately high in EU receiving waters, particularly in effluents at control points that require urgent attention. Overall it was found that DCL and EE2 enter European aquatic environment mainly following human consumption and excretion of therapeutic drugs, and by incomplete removal from influent at urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). E2 is a natural hormone excreted by humans which also experiences incomplete removal during WWTPs treatment. Current conventional analytical chemistry methods are sufficiently sensitive for the detection and quantification of DCL but not for E2 and EE2, thus alternative, ultra-trace, time-integrated monitoring techniques such as passive sampling are needed to inform water quality for these estrogens. DCL appears resistant to conventional wastewater treatment while E2 and EE2 have high removal efficiencies that occur through biodegradation or sorption to organic matter. There is a pressing need to determine fate and behaviour of these CECs in European receiving waters such as using GIS-modelling of river basins as this will identify pressure points for informing priority decision making and alleviation strategies for upgrade of WWTPs and for hospital effluents with advanced treatment technologies. More monitoring data for these CECs in receiving waters is urgently needed for EU legislation and effective risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Jo Tiedeken
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Tahar
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Brendan McHugh
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Neil J Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Co. Westmeath, Ireland.
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Nazari E, Suja F. Effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on aqueous organisms and its treatment problem: a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2016; 31:465-491. [PMID: 27883330 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural estrogens, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are discharged consistently and directly into surface waters with wastewater treatment plants (WWPTs) effluents, disposal sludges and in storm-water runoff. The most common and highest potential natural estrogen that causes estrogen activity in wastewater influent is E2. This review describes and attempts to summarize the main problems involved in the removal of E2 from WWTP by traditional processes, which fundamentally rely on activated sludge and provide an insufficient treatment for E2, as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that are applied in tertiary section treatment works. Biological processes affect and play an important role in the degradation of E2. However, some investigations have reported that operations that rely on high retention times have low efficiencies. Although advanced treatment technologies are available, their cost and operational considerations do not make them sustainable solutions. Therefore, E2 is still being released into aqueous areas, as shown in this study that investigates results from different countries. E2 is present on the watch list of substances in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union since 2013 and the minimum acceptable concentration of it is 0.4 ng/L.
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Puckowski A, Mioduszewska K, Łukaszewicz P, Borecka M, Caban M, Maszkowska J, Stepnowski P. Bioaccumulation and analytics of pharmaceutical residues in the environment: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 127:232-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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de Lima Stebbins D, Docs J, Lowe P, Cohen J, Lei H. Evaluation of analytical methodology for the detection of hormones and their attenuation during aquifer recharge and recovery cycles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:613-623. [PMID: 27146029 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00031b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hormones listed in the screening survey list 2 of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 3 (estrone, 17-β-estradiol, 17-α-ethynylestradiol, 16-α-hydroxyestradiol (estriol), equilin, testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione) were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Two analytical methods were compared: EPA method 539 and the isotope dilution method. EPA method 539 was successfully utilized in river and drinking water matrices with fortified recoveries of 98.9 to 108.5%. Samples from the Hillsborough River reflected levels below the method detection limit (MDL) for the majority of the analytes, except estrone (E1), which was detected at very low concentrations (<0.5 to 1 ng L(-1)) in the majority of samples. No hormones were detected in drinking water samples. The isotope dilution method was used to analyze reclaimed and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) water samples as a result of strong matrix/solid phase extraction (SPE) losses observed in these more complex matrices. Most of the compounds were not detected or found at relatively low concentrations in the ASR samples. Attenuation of 50 to 99.1% was observed as a result of the ASR recharge/recovery cycles for most of the hormones, except for estriol (E3). Relatively stable concentrations of E3 were found, with only 10% attenuation at one of the sites and no measureable attenuation at another location. These results have substantiated that while EPA method 539 works well for most environmental samples, the isotope dilution method is more robust when dealing with complex matrices such as reclaimed and ASR samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela de Lima Stebbins
- Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave ENB118, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Afifi R, Elnwishy N, Hannora A, Hedström M, Mattiasson B, Omran H, Alharbi OML, Ali I. SPE and HPLC monitoring of 17-β-estradiol in Egyptian aquatic ecosysetms. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1174712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raafat Afifi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Marine Biology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Elnwishy
- Zewail City for Science and Technology, Biomedical Science Program, 6th of October City, Egypt
- Biotechnology Researach Center (BRC), Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amro Hannora
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Martin Hedström
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helmy Omran
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - O. M. L. Alharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
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El Fels L, El Ouaqoudi FZ, Lemee L, Geffroy C, Ambles A, Hafidi M. Occurrence of plant and fecal steroid and their evolution during co-composting of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic waste. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Ito A, Mensah L, Cartmell E, Lester JN. Removal of steroid estrogens from municipal wastewater in a pilot scale expanded granular sludge blanket reactor and anaerobic membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:415-21. [PMID: 26212345 PMCID: PMC5062038 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater offers the prospect of a new paradigm by reducing aeration costs and minimizing sludge production. It has been successfully applied in warm climates, but does not always achieve the desired outcomes in temperate climates at the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values of municipal crude wastewater. Recently the concept of 'fortification' has been proposed to increase organic strength and has been demonstrated at the laboratory and pilot scale treating municipal wastewater at temperatures of 10-17°C. The process treats a proportion of the flow anaerobically by combining it with primary sludge from the residual flow and then polishing it to a high effluent standard aerobically. Energy consumption is reduced as is sludge production. However, no new treatment process is viable if it only addresses the problems of traditional pollutants (suspended solids - SS, BOD, nitrogen - N and phosphorus - P); it must also treat hazardous substances. This study compared three potential municipal anaerobic treatment regimes, crude wastewater in an expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor, fortified crude wastewater in an EGSB and crude wastewater in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. The benefits of fortification were demonstrated for the removal of SS, BOD, N and P. These three systems were further challenged with the removal of steroid estrogens at environmental concentrations from natural indigenous sources. All three systems removed these compounds to a significant degree, confirming that estrogen removal is not restricted to highly aerobic autotrophs, or aerobic heterotrophs, but is also a faculty of anaerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ito
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Energy, Environmental Technology and Agrifood, Cranfield University, BedfordshireMK43 0AL, UK
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, MoriokaIwate 020–8550, Japan
| | - Lawson Mensah
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Energy, Environmental Technology and Agrifood, Cranfield University, BedfordshireMK43 0AL, UK
| | - Elise Cartmell
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Energy, Environmental Technology and Agrifood, Cranfield University, BedfordshireMK43 0AL, UK
| | - John N. Lester
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Energy, Environmental Technology and Agrifood, Cranfield University, BedfordshireMK43 0AL, UK
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Shepherd BO, Erler DV, Tait DR, van Zwieten L, Kimber S, Eyre BD. Behaviour of estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals in permeable carbonate sands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11340-11348. [PMID: 25804658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of four estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2) and estriol (E3), was measured in saturated and unsaturated carbonate sand-filled columns dosed with wastewater from a sewage treatment plant. The estrogen equivalency (EEQ) of inlet wastewater was 1.2 ng L(-1) and was remediated to an EEQ of 0.5 ng L(-1) through the unsaturated carbonate sand-filled columns. The high surface area of carbonate sand and associated high microbial activity may have assisted the degradation of these estrogens. The fully saturated sand columns showed an increase in total estrogenic potency with an EEQ of 2.4 ng L(-1), which was double that of the inlet wastewater. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in total estrogenic potency between aerobic and anaerobic columns. The breakdown of conjugated estrogens to estrogenic EDCs formed under long residence time and reducing conditions may have been responsible for the increase in the fully saturated columns. This may also be explained by the desorption of previously sorbed estrogenic EDCs. The effect of additional filter materials, such as basalt sediment and coconut fibre, on estrogenic EDC reduction was also tested. None of these amendments provided improvements in estrogen remediation relative to the unamended unsaturated carbonate sand columns. Aerobic carbonate sand filters have good potential to be used as on-site wastewater treatment systems for the reduction of estrogenic EDCs. However, the use of fully saturated sand filters, which are used to promote denitrification, and the loss of nitrogen as N2 were shown to cause an increase in EEQ. The potential for the accumulation of estrogenic EDCs under anaerobic conditions needs to be considered when designing on-site sand filtration systems required to reduce nitrogen. Furthermore, the accumulation of estrogens under anaerobic conditions such as under soil absorption systems or leachate fields has the potential to contaminate groundwater especially when the water table levels fluctuate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin O Shepherd
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia,
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The current preference for the immuno-analytical ELISA method for quantitation of steroid hormones (endocrine disruptor compounds) in wastewater in South Africa. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4949-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cong VH, Sakakibara Y. Continuous treatments of estrogens through polymerization and regeneration of electrolytic cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 285:304-310. [PMID: 25528228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a novel electrolytic method for simultaneous removal of trace estrogens and regeneration of electrolytic cells for long-term wastewater treatment. Continuous treatments of estrogens estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) were theoretically and experimentally studied using an electrolytic reactor equipped with a multi-packed granular glassy carbon electrode reactor. Experimental results demonstrated that E1, E2 and EE2 were effectively removed through electro-polymerization on the granular glassy carbon (and Pt/Ti) anode counter. Polymer formed during continuous treatment was quickly decomposed and electrodes were regenerated completely by ˙OH radicals produced through the reduction of ozone. Calculated overall energy consumptions were less than 10 Wh/m(3), demonstrating extremely low energy consumptions. In addition, a mathematical model developed based on the limiting mass transfer rate and post-regeneration could represent general trends in time series data observed in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Huu Cong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Sakakibara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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Belhaj D, Baccar R, Jaabiri I, Bouzid J, Kallel M, Ayadi H, Zhou JL. Fate of selected estrogenic hormones in an urban sewage treatment plant in Tunisia (North Africa). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:154-160. [PMID: 25317971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds have been monitored for one year at an urban sewage treatment plant (STP) located in Tunisia, to evaluate their fate and seasonal variations. The concentrations of these compounds were determined in both wastewater and sludge phases by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that the highest removal of all estrogens (≥80%) was observed in summer. Mass balance analysis revealed that biodegradation was the predominant removal mechanism. Moreover, the results showed that the removal efficiency of the studied emerging micropollutants and their concentrations in the solid phase of return sludge were much higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. These findings were closely related to microbial activity and the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSSs). Finally, the findings can be used to help with the modifications that could be implemented in that STP for the improved removal of estrogenic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Belhaj
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Planktonology, BP 117-3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Baccar
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, ENIS, Laboratory of Water-Energy-Environment, BP 1173-3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ikram Jaabiri
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, ENIS, Laboratory of Water-Energy-Environment, BP 1173-3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jalel Bouzid
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, ENIS, Laboratory of Water-Energy-Environment, BP 1173-3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moneem Kallel
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, ENIS, Laboratory of Water-Energy-Environment, BP 1173-3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayadi
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Planktonology, BP 117-3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - John L Zhou
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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de la Torre T, Alonso E, Santos JL, Rodríguez C, Gómez MA, Malfeito JJ. Trace organics removal using three membrane bioreactor configurations: MBR, IFAS-MBR and MBMBR. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:761-8. [PMID: 25768224 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen pharmaceutically active compounds and 22 other trace organic pollutants were analysed regularly in the influent and permeate from a semi-real plant treating municipal wastewater. The plant was operated during 29 months with different configurations which basically differed in the type of biomass present in the system. These processes were the integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor (IFAS-MBR), which combined suspended and attached biomass, the moving bed membrane bioreactor (MBMBR) (only attached biomass) and the MBR (only suspended biomass). Moreover, removal rates were compared to those of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operating nearby with conventional activated sludge treatment. Reverse osmosis (RO) was used after the pilot plant to improve removal rates. The highest elimination was found for the IFAS-MBR, especially for hormones (100% removal); this was attributed to the presence of biofilm, which may lead to different conditions (aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic) along its profile, which increases the degradation possibilities, and also to a higher sludge age of the biofilm, which allows complete acclimation to the contaminants. Operating conditions played an important role, high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and sludge retention time (SRT) being necessary to achieve these high removal rates. Although pharmaceuticals and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates showed high removal rates (65-100%), nonylphenols and phthalate could only be removed to 10-30%. RO significantly increased removal rates to 88% mean removal rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T de la Torre
- Acciona Agua, Avenida de les Garrigues 22, 2ª. 08820 El Prat del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain E-mail:
| | - E Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Virgen de África, 7, E41011 Seville, Spain
| | - J L Santos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Virgen de África, 7, E41011 Seville, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez
- Acciona Agua, Avenida de les Garrigues 22, 2ª. 08820 El Prat del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain E-mail:
| | - M A Gómez
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - J J Malfeito
- Acciona Agua, Avenida de les Garrigues 22, 2ª. 08820 El Prat del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain E-mail:
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