1
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Baekelandt S, Bouchat A, Leroux N, Robert JB, Burattin L, Cishibanji E, Lambert J, Gérard C, Delierneux C, Kestemont P. Estetrol/drospirenone versus 17α-ethinylestradiol/drospirenone: An extended one generation test to evaluate the endocrine disruption potential on zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108702. [PMID: 38678935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptives, comprising of both an oestrogen and a progestin component, are released in aquatic environments and potentially pose a risk to aquatic wildlife by their capacity to disrupt physiological mechanisms. In this study, the endocrine disruptive potential of two mixtures, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic oestrogen, or estetrol (E4), a natural oestrogen, with the progestin drospirenone (DRSP) have been characterised in three generations of zebrafish, according to an adapted Medaka Extended One Generation Reproduction Test. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to a range of concentrations of EE2/DRSP and E4/DRSP (∼1×, ∼3×, ∼10× and ∼30× predicted environmental concentration, PEC). Survival, growth, hatching success, fecundity, fertilisation success, vitellogenin (VTG), gonad histopathology, sex differentiation, and transcriptional analysis of genes related to gonadal sex steroid hormones synthesis were assessed. In the F0 generation, exposure to EE2/DRSP at ∼10 and ∼30× PEC decreased fecundity and increased male VTG concentrations. The highest concentration of EE2/DRSP also affected VTG concentrations in female zebrafish and the expression of genes implicated in steroid hormones synthesis. In the F1 generation, sex determination was impaired in fish exposed to EE2/DRSP at concentrations as low as ∼3× PEC. Decreased fecundity and fertility, and abnormal gonadal histopathology were also observed. No effects were observed in the F2 generation. In contrast, E4/DRSP induced only minor histopathological changes and an increase in the proportion of males, at the highest concentration tested (∼30× PEC) in the F1 generation and had no effect on hatching success of F2 generation. Overall, this study suggests that the combination E4/DRSP has a more favourable environmental profile than EE2/DRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baekelandt
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium.
| | - Antoine Bouchat
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Leroux
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Jean-Baptiste Robert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Laura Burattin
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Cishibanji
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Lambert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Céline Gérard
- Estetra SRL, An Affiliated Company of Mithra Pharmaceuticals, Rue Saint-Georges 5, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Delierneux
- Estetra SRL, An Affiliated Company of Mithra Pharmaceuticals, Rue Saint-Georges 5, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
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2
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Pannetier P, Gölz L, Pissarreira Mendes Fagundes MT, Knörr S, Behnstedt L, Coordes S, Matthiessen P, Morthorst JE, Vergauwen L, Knapen D, Holbech H, Braunbeck T, Baumann L. Development of the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT)-Part A: Merging of existing fish test guidelines. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:817-829. [PMID: 37483114 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) among scientists and public authorities over the last 30 years, notably because of their wide use and the increasing evidence of detrimental effects on humans and the environment. However, test systems for the detection of potential EDCs as well as testing strategies still require optimization. Thus, the aim of the present project was the development of an integrated test protocol that merges the existing OECD test guidelines (TGs) 229 (fish short-term reproduction assay) and 234 (fish sexual development test) and implements thyroid-related endpoints for fish. The integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT) represents a comprehensive approach for fish testing, which covers reproduction, early development, and sexual differentiation, and will thus allow the identification of multiple endocrine-disruptive effects in fish. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, two exposure tests were performed with well-studied EDCs: 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), an inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis, and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), an estrogen receptor agonist. In part A of this article, the effects of PTU and EE2 on established endpoints of the two existing TGs are reported, whereas part B focuses on the novel thyroid-related endpoints. Results of part A document that, as expected, both PTU and EE2 had strong effects on various endocrine-related endpoints in zebrafish and their offspring. Merging of TGs 229 and 234 proved feasible, and all established biomarkers and endpoints were responsive as expected, including reproductive and morphometric changes (PTU and EE2), vitellogenin levels, sex ratio, gonad maturation, and histopathology (only for EE2) of different life stages. A validation of the iFEDT with other well-known EDCs will allow verification of the sensitivity and usability and confirm its capacity to improve the existing testing strategy for EDCs in fish. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:817-829. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Pannetier
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Site de Plouzané, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Plouzané, France
| | - Lisa Gölz
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Knörr
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Behnstedt
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Coordes
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jane E Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Environmental Health and Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Sun Q, Li M, Chen S, Liang J, Liu C. Full sexual maturity-cycle exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 17β-estradiol decreases reproductive capacity of zebrafish. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:580-592. [PMID: 37980041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) has been widely detected in natural water and treatment with E2 induces potential endocrine disrupting effects in fish. However, effects on fish fecundity and steroid system after treatment with environmentally relevant concentrations of E2 for the full sexual maturation cycle remain unclear. In this study, zebrafish were treatment with 0, 10 or 100 ng/L E2 from embryo to adult stage, and effects on gonadal development and differentiation, steroid hormone levels, transcription of genes associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPG) axis in adults and fertilization rate of offspring were assessed. The results showed that treatment with E2 lead to increased number of feminization in zebrafish. In females, E2 decreased cumulative amount of spawning and inhibited the maturation of oocyte. In males, E2 inhibited the maturation and motility of sperm, as well as decreased the movement speed of sperm. These adverse effects on sperm might be responsible for the reduced fertilization observed in offspring. In addition, treatment with E2 changed the levels of steroid hormones in zebrafish gonad and altered the transcriptional levels of genes associated with HPG axis, which is responsible for the regulation of germ cells maturation and gonadal development in zebrafish. Overall, these results suggested that treatment with environmentally relevant concentrations of E2 for the full sexual maturity cycle resulted in adverse effects on reproduction in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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4
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Paravani EV, Bianchi M, Querubín Pereyra PL, Acosta MG, Odetti L, Simoniello MF, Poletta G. DNA damage, alterations in the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes and in the histoarchitecture of gill cells of zebrafish exposed to 17-α-ethinylestradiol. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:60-66. [PMID: 36912201 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2188441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors, such as estrogen, are chemical substances with the potential to alter the hormonal balance of organisms. Their origin can be natural or artificial, and they can act at very low doses. The estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is used worldwide as an oral contraceptive and is a potential contaminant in aquatic ecosystems. It is well documented that these environmental pollutants can act directly or indirectly on the reproductive system, impairing development and fertility. However, little is known about the alteration of the cell oxidative status induced by EE2. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on the gill cells of adult zebrafish exposed in vivo to EE2, analyzing cell histology, DNA damage and the expression levels of genes encoding the main enzymes involved in oxidative stress pathways. The histological study showed that EE2 produces moderate to high damage to the gill tissue, an increase in gill cell DNA damage and the mRNA levels of the genes corresponding to the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-sod) and catalase (cat) after exposure to 5 ng/L EE2. The results indicate that EE2 causes tissue alterations, DNA damage and oxidative stress. EE2 produced important alterations in the gills, a fundamental organ for the survival of fish. There is a clear need for further research on the ecological consequences of EDCs on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - M Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - P L Querubín Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - M G Acosta
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - L Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
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5
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Baekelandt S, Leroux N, Burattin L, Gérard C, Delierneux C, Robert JB, Cornet V, Kestemont P. Estetrol has a lower impact than 17α-ethinylestradiol on the reproductive capacity of zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106505. [PMID: 37058791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic oestrogens are commonly found in aquatic ecosystems. The synthetic oestrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is widely used in oral contraceptives and its ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms have been widely reported. The natural oestrogen estetrol (E4) was recently approved for use in a new combined oral contraceptive and, after therapeutic use, is likely to be found in the aquatic environment. However, its potential effects on non-target species such as fish is unknown. In order to characterize and compare the endocrine disruptive potential of E4 with EE2, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to E4 or EE2 in a fish short-term reproduction assay conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 229. Sexually mature male and female fish were exposed to a range of concentrations, including environmentally relevant concentrations of E4 and EE2, for 21 days. Endpoints included fecundity, fertilization success, gonad histopathology, head/tail vitellogenin concentrations, as well as transcriptional analysis of genes related to ovarian sex steroid hormones synthesis. Our data confirmed the strong impact of EE2 on several parameters including an inhibition of fecundity, an induction of vitellogenin both in male and female fish, an alteration of gonadal structures and the modulation of genes involved in sex steroid hormone synthesis in female fish. In contrast, only few significant effects were observed with E4 with no impact on fecundity. The results suggest that the natural oestrogen, E4, presents a more favorable environmental profile than EE2 and is less likely to affect fish reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baekelandt
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Leroux
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Laura Burattin
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Céline Gérard
- Estetra SRL, an affiliated company of Mithra Pharmaceuticals, Rue Saint-Georges 5, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Céline Delierneux
- Estetra SRL, an affiliated company of Mithra Pharmaceuticals, Rue Saint-Georges 5, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Jean-Baptiste Robert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
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6
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Stewart MK, Hoehne L, Dudczig S, Mattiske DM, Pask AJ, Jusuf PR. Exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of 17α-ethinylestradiol disrupts craniofacial development of juvenile zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114541. [PMID: 36657377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interact with native hormone receptors to interfere with and disrupt hormone signalling that is necessary for a broad range of developmental pathways. EDCs are pervasive in our environment, in particular in our waterways, making aquatic wildlife especially vulnerable to their effects. Many of these EDCs are able to bind to and activate oestrogen receptors, causing aberrant oestrogen signalling. Craniofacial development is an oestrogen-sensitive process, with oestrogen receptors expressed in chondrocytes during critical periods of development. Previous studies have demonstrated a negative effect of high concentrations of oestrogen on early craniofacial patterning in the aquatic model organism, the zebrafish (Danio rerio). In order to determine the impacts of exposure to an oestrogenic EDC, we exposed zebrafish larvae and juveniles to either a high concentration to replicate previous studies, or a low, environmentally relevant concentration of the oestrogenic contaminant, 17α-ethinylestradiol. The prolonged / chronic exposure regimen was used to replicate that seen by many animals in natural waterways. We observed changes to craniofacial morphology in all treatments, and most strikingly in the larvae-juveniles exposed to a low concentration of EE2. In the present study, we have demonstrated that the developmental stage at which exposure occurs can greatly impact phenotypic outcomes, and these results allow us to understand the widespread impact of oestrogenic endocrine disruptors. Given the conservation of key craniofacial development pathways across vertebrates, our model can further be applied in defining the risks of EDCs on mammalian organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K Stewart
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Luca Hoehne
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stefanie Dudczig
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Deidre M Mattiske
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pask
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Patricia R Jusuf
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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7
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Ciślak M, Kruszelnicka I, Zembrzuska J, Ginter-Kramarczyk D. Estrogen pollution of the European aquatic environment: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119413. [PMID: 36470046 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the plethora of chemicals released into the environment, much attention is paid to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Natural estrogens, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) are excreted by humans as well as animals, and can enter the environment as a result of discharging domestic sewage and animal waste. These compounds can cause deleterious effects such as feminization, infertility and hermaphroditism in organisms that inhabit water bodies. This study provides an overview of the level of estrogen exposures in surface waters, groundwater and river sediments in European countries. The conducted review shows that estrogen concentrations were within the range of 0.1 ng L - 10 ng /L in the majority of the tested environmental samples. However, the authors of the study point out that there are still many unexplored areas and a limited amount of data that mainly concerns Eastern European countries. The study also analysed the factors that influence the increased emissions of estrogens to the environment, which may be helpful for identifying particularly polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ciślak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Wielkopolska, Poland.
| | - Izabela Kruszelnicka
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Wielkopolska, Poland
| | - Joanna Zembrzuska
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan
| | - Dobrochna Ginter-Kramarczyk
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Wielkopolska, Poland
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Adams CM, Winkelman DL, Schaffer PA, Villeneuve DL, Cavallin JE, Ellman M, Rodriguez KS, Fitzpatrick RM. Elevated Winter Stream Temperatures below Wastewater Treatment Plants Shift Reproductive Development of Female Johnny Darter Etheostoma nigrum: A Field and Histologic Approach. FISHES 2022; 7:1-22. [PMID: 36761383 PMCID: PMC9904396 DOI: 10.3390/fishes7060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
River water temperatures are increasing globally, particularly in urban systems. In winter, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent inputs are of particular concern because they increase water temperatures from near freezing to ~7-15 °C. Recent laboratory studies suggest that warm overwinter temperatures impact the reproductive timing of some fishes. To evaluate winter water temperature's influence in the wild, we sampled Johnny Darter Etheostoma nigrum from three urban South Platte River tributaries in Colorado upstream and downstream of WWTP effluent discharge sites. Fish were collected weekly during the spring spawning season of 2021 and reproductive development was determined from histological analysis of the gonads. Winter water temperatures were approximately 5-10 °C greater ~300 m downstream of the WWTP effluent compared to upstream sites, and approximately 3°C warmer at sampling sites ~5000 m downstream of the effluent discharge. Females collected downstream of WWTP effluent experienced accelerated reproductive development compared to upstream by 1-2 weeks. Water quality, including total estrogenicity, and spring water temperatures did not appear to explain varying reproductive development. It appears that small increases in winter water temperature influence the reproductive timing in E. nigrum. Further investigations into how shifts in reproductive timing influence other population dynamics are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Adams
- Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Dana L. Winkelman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Paula A. Schaffer
- CVMBS Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology Department, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Jenna E. Cavallin
- Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Michael Ellman
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Kelvin Santana Rodriguez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Ryan M. Fitzpatrick
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Research, Policy, and Planning Section, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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Wan YP, Chai BW, Wei Q, Hayat W, Dang Z, Liu ZH. 17α-ethynylestradiol and its two main conjugates in seven municipal wastewater treatment plants: Analytical method, their occurrence, removal and risk evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152489. [PMID: 34942255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work shows the existence of both 17-ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate (EE2-3S) and 17-ethinylestradiol-3-glucuronide (EE2-3G) in seven municipal WWTPs with substantial concentrations (n.d-50.10 ng/L). The calculated removal efficiencies of 17-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in the seven municipal WWTPs ranged from 40.8%-100% with an average removal efficiency of 83.3%. However, upon the inclusion of EE2 concentration transformed from EE2-3S and EE2-3G, the corresponding removal efficiencies were increased to 91.4%-100% with an average removal efficiency of 97.3%. This work is the first to clearly illustrate that EE2 conjugates in raw wastewater could greatly underestimate the removal effectiveness of municipal WWTPs on EE2, indicating the importance of the EE2 conjugates in municipal wastewater having been hardly paid with attention. The EE2-derived estrogen equivalence (EEQ) values in the effluents of seven WWTPs ranged from 0 to 0.98 ng E2/L having an average level of 0.45 ng E2/L, which were relatively low. However, upon the inclusion of EE2 transformable from EE2-3S and EE2-3G in effluents, the EE2-derived EEQ values in effluents would be increased to 0.77-4.85 ng E2/L having an average level of 2.71 ng E2/L, which clearly suggested that ignorance of EE2 conjugates in effluent would largely underestimate EE2's environmental risk to receiving water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Wan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Wen Chai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Waseem Hayat
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Kernen L, Phan A, Bo J, Herzog EL, Huynh J, Segner H, Baumann L. Estrogens as immunotoxicants: 17α-ethinylestradiol exposure retards thymus development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106025. [PMID: 34837781 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (EEDCs) can cause alterations in sexual development and reproductive function of fish. Growing evidence suggests that EEDCs can also interfere with development and function of innate immunity of fish. The present study examined a potential disruptive effect of EEDCs at field-relevant concentrations on the development of adaptive immunity, more specifically the thymus. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed from fertilization until 64 days post-fertilization (dpf) to environmentally relevant (3 and 10 ng/L) concentrations of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). The exposure duration covered the period of initial thymus differentiation to maximum growth. Thymus development was assessed by histological and morphometric (thymus area) analysis, thymocyte number, and transcript levels of thymocyte marker genes. Additionally, transcript levels of the estrogen receptors (esr1 and esr2a) were determined. The EE2 exposure altered sexual development (gonad differentiation, transcript levels of hepatic vitellogenin and estrogen receptors) of zebrafish, as expected. At the same time, the EE2 treatment reduced the thymus growth (thymus area, thymocyte number) and transcript levels of thymus marker genes. The expression of the thymic estrogen receptors responded to the EE2 exposure but in a different pattern than the hepatic estrogen receptors. After the 64-day-exposure period, the juvenile fish were transferred into clean water for another 95 days to assess the reversibility of EE2-induced effects. The thymic alterations were found to be reversible in female zebrafish but persisted in males. The present study provides the first evidence that the development of the fish adaptive immune system is sensitive to EEDCs, and that this takes place at concentrations similar to those that disrupt sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kernen
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Phan
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Elio L Herzog
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Huynh
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Meador JP. The fish early-life stage sublethal toxicity syndrome - A high-dose baseline toxicity response. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118201. [PMID: 34740289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large number of toxicity studies report abnormalities in early life-stage (ELS) fish that are described here as a sublethal toxicity syndrome (TxSnFELS) and generally include a reduced heart rate, edemas (yolk sac and cardiac), and a variety of morphological abnormalities. The TxSnFELS is very common and not diagnostic for any chemical or class of chemicals. This sublethal toxicity syndrome is mostly observed at high exposure concentrations and appears to be a baseline, non-specific toxicity response; however, it can also occur at low doses by specific action. Toxicity metrics for this syndrome generally occur at concentrations just below those causing mortality and have been reported for a large number of diverse chemicals. Predictions based on tissue concentrations or quantitative-structure activity relationship (QSAR) models support the designation of baseline toxicity for many of the tested chemicals, which is confirmed by observed values. Given the sheer number of disparate chemicals causing the TxSnFELS and correlation with QSAR derived partitioning; the only logical conclusion for these high-dose responses is baseline toxicity by nonspecific action and not a lock and key type receptor response. It is important to recognize that many chemicals can act both as baseline toxicants and specific acting toxicants likely via receptor interaction and it is not possible to predict those threshold doses from baseline toxicity. We should search out these specific low-dose responses for ecological risk assessment and not rely on high-concentration toxicity responses to guide environmental protection. The goal for toxicity assessment should not be to characterize toxic responses at baseline toxicity concentrations, but to evaluate chemicals for their most toxic potential. Additional aspects of this review evaluated the fish ELS teratogenic responses in relation to mammalian oral LD50s and explored potential key events responsible for baseline toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Meador
- Ecotoxicology Program, Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
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12
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Guo Q, Wei D, Wang F, Chen M, Du Y. A novel risk score-based prioritization method for pollutants in reclaimed water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148833. [PMID: 34246147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater reclamation and reuse is a sustainable solution for alleviating the scarcity of water resources. However, the potential risks resulting from the residual pollutants in reclaimed water are of concern. Identifying of priority pollutants would be a practical approach for the management and scientific evaluation of risks associated with reclaimed water reuse. In this study, a novel risk score-based method is proposed for prioritizing residual pollutants in reclaimed water. First, target the specific applications and possible scenarios of reclaimed water as well as recognize the potential receptors and exposure pathways. Second, determine exposure and effect parameters, and assign values to every parameter. Third, calculate the total exposure score and effect score for each pollutant using a weighted method, then calculate the risk score by multiplying total exposure score and effect score, and rank all pollutants based on their risk scores from high to low. Fourth, recommend a priority pollutants list for reclaimed water reuse. To demonstrate the procedure and validate the method, a case study on groundwater recharge with reclaimed water was conducted. In the case study, EE2 and E2, which have also been listed in other recent water quality standards, were identified as priority pollutants. The case study illustrated sufficient reliability, great discrimination and feasibility of the method. The five exposure parameters and seven effect parameters in this method can objectively evaluate the potential risk of pollutants and identify priority pollutants for the specific application of reclaimed water. This application-oriented and risk-based prioritization method is easy to understand and simple to operate in practice. This study fills existing gaps by proffering a novel prioritization method to identify priority pollutants in reclaimed water for an accurate evaluation and safety management of recycled wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaorong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Feipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Gonzalez JA, Histed AR, Nowak E, Lange D, Craig SE, Parker CG, Kaur A, Bhuvanagiri S, Kroll KJ, Martyniuk CJ, Denslow ND, Rosenfeld CS, Rhodes JS. Impact of bisphenol-A and synthetic estradiol on brain, behavior, gonads and sex hormones in a sexually labile coral reef fish. Horm Behav 2021; 136:105043. [PMID: 34507054 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and ethinylestradiol (EE2), are detected in the marine environment from plastic waste and wastewater effluent. However, their impact on reproduction in sexually labile coral reef fish is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA and EE2 on behavior, brain gene expression, gonadal histology, sex hormone profile, and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) levels in the anemonefish, Amphiprion ocellaris. A. ocellaris display post-maturational sex change from male to female in nature. Sexually immature, male fish were paired together and fed twice daily with normal food (control), food containing BPA (100 μg/kg), or EE2 (0.02 μg/kg) (n = 9 pairs/group). Aggression toward an intruder male was measured at 1, 3, and 6 months. Blood was collected at 3 and 6 months to measure estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and Vtg. At the end of the study, fish were euthanized to assess gonad morphology and to measure expression of known sexually dimorphic genes in the brain. Relative to control, BPA decreased aggression, altered brain transcript levels, increased non-vitellogenic and vitellogenic eggs in the gonad, reduced 11-KT, and increased plasma Vtg. In two BPA-treated pairs, both individuals had vitellogenic eggs, which does not naturally occur. EE2 reduced 11-KT in subordinate individuals and altered expression of one transcript in the brain toward the female profile. Results suggest BPA, and to a lesser extent EE2, pollution in coral reef ecosystems could interfere with normal reproductive physiology and behavior of the iconic sexually labile anemonefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Gonzalez
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Abigail R Histed
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Ewelina Nowak
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Dominica Lange
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Craig
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Coltan G Parker
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Achint Kaur
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Supriya Bhuvanagiri
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Kevin J Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, and Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
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14
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Cooper R, David A, Kudoh T, Tyler CR. Seasonal variation in oestrogenic potency and biological effects of wastewater treatment works effluents assessed using ERE-GFP transgenic zebrafish embryo-larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105864. [PMID: 34118774 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effluents from wastewater treatment works (WwTW) exhibit both temporal and spatial variation in oestrogenicity, however few studies have attempted to quantify how this variation affects biological responses in fish. Here we used an oestrogen-responsive green fluorescent protein (ERE-GFP) transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) to quantify oestrogenic activity and health effects for exposure to three different WwTW effluents. Endpoints measured included survival/hatching rate, GFP induction (measured in target tissues or gfp mRNA induction in whole embryos) and vtg mRNA induction in whole embryos. Exposure to one of the study effluents (at 100%), resulted in some mortality, and exposure to all three effluents (at 50% and 100%) caused decreases in hatching rates. Higher levels of vtg mRNA corresponded with higher levels of steroidal oestrogens in the different effluents, with lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs) between 31 ng/L and 39 ng/L oestradiol equivalents (EEQs). Tissue patterns of GFP expression for all three WwTWs effluents reflected the known targets for steroidal oestrogens and for some other oestrogenic chemicals likely present in those effluents (i.e. nonylphenol or bisphenolic compounds). GFP induction was similarly responsive to vtg mRNA induction (a well-established biomarker for oestrogen exposure). We thus demonstrate the ERE-GFP transgenic zebrafish as an effective model for monitoring the oestrogenic potency and health effects for exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals contained within WwTW effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Cooper
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur David
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom; Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tetsuhiro Kudoh
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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15
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Impact of Estrogens Present in Environment on Health and Welfare of Animals. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072152. [PMID: 34359280 PMCID: PMC8300725 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Estrogens are a group of steroid hormones that recently have gained even more attention in the eyes of scientists. There is an ongoing discussion in the scientific community about their relevance as environmental contaminants and the danger they pose to animal health and welfare. In available literature we can find many examples of their negative effects and mechanisms that are involved with such phenomena. Abstract Nowadays, there is a growing interest in environmental pollution; however, knowledge about this aspect is growing at an insufficient pace. There are many potential sources of environmental contamination, including sex hormones—especially estrogens. The analyzed literature shows that estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and synthetic ethinyloestradiol (EE2) are the most significant in terms of environmental impact. Potential sources of contamination are, among others, livestock farms, slaughterhouses, and large urban agglomerations. Estrogens occurring in the environment can negatively affect the organisms, such as animals, through phenomena such as feminization, dysregulation of natural processes related to reproduction, lowering the physiological condition of the organisms, disturbances in the regulation of both proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic processes, and even the occurrence of neoplastic processes thus drastically decreasing animal welfare. Unfortunately, the amount of research conducted on the negative consequences of their impact on animal organisms is many times smaller than that of humans, despite the great richness and diversity of the fauna. Therefore, there is a need for further research to help fill the gaps in our knowledge.
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16
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You HH, Song G. Review of endocrine disruptors on male and female reproductive systems. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 244:109002. [PMID: 33610819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) interfere with different hormonal and metabolic processes and disrupt the development of organs and tissues, as well as the reproductive system. In toxicology research, various animal models have been utilized to compare and characterize the effects of EDs. We reviewed studies assessing the effect of ED exposure in humans, zebrafish, and mouse models and the adverse effects of EDs on male and female reproductive systems. This review outlines the distinctive morphological characteristics, as well as gene expression, factors, and mechanisms that are known to occur in response to EDs. In each animal model, disturbances in the reproductive system were associated with certain factors of apoptosis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, estrogen receptor pathway-induced meiotic disruption, and steroidogenesis. The effects of bisphenol A, phthalate, and 17α-ethinylestradiol have been investigated in animal models, each providing supporting outcomes and elaborating the key regulators of male and female reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyekyoung Hannah You
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Schwartz AV, Sant KE, Navarrete J, George UZ. Mathematical modeling of the interaction between yolk utilization and fish growth in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development 2021; 148:261800. [PMID: 33960383 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimal embryonic development plays a major role in the health of an individual beyond the developmental stage. Nutritional perturbation during development is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease later in life. With both nutritional uptake and overall growth being risk factors for eventual health, it is necessary to understand not only the behavior of the processes during development but also their interactions. In this study, we used differential equations, image analyses, curve fittings, parameter estimation and laboratory experiments to quantify the rate of yolk absorption and its effect on early development of a vertebrate model (Danio rerio). Findings from this study establish a nonlinear functional relationship between nutrient absorption and early fish growth. We found that the rate of change in fish length and yolk utilization is logistic, that is the yolk decays rapidly for a period of time before leveling out. An interesting finding from this study is that yolk utilization reaches its maximum at 84 h post-fertilization. We validated our mathematical models against experimental observations, making them powerful tools for replication and future simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Schwartz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Karilyn E Sant
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Julian Navarrete
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Uduak Z George
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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18
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Tang Z, Liu ZH, Wang H, Dang Z, Liu Y. Occurrence and removal of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in municipal wastewater treatment plants: Current status and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129551. [PMID: 33453480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a synthetic estrogen, 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) has been known to show the strong estrogenic potency. This work critically reviewed the occurrence and removal of EE2 in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Based on the on-site investigations from 282 municipal WWTPs across 29 countries, the concentrations of EE2 in influent and effluent ranged from n.d-7890 and n.d-549 ng/L, with respective average concentrations of 78.4 and 12.3 ng/L. The average effluent concentration of EE2 was more than 61 times higher than the reported lowest-observed-effect concentration, indicating an urgent need for removing EE2 in WWTPs. The calculated removal efficiencies of EE2 in different wastewater treatment processes varied from -100%-100%. Averagely, 47.5% of EE2 was removed in the primary treatment process, 55.3% by biological filter treatment, 59.4% by lagoon and 71.5% by activated sludge process. The observed removal of EE2 in municipal WWTP could be mainly attributed to adsorption and biodegradation, which could be predicted according to its solid-water distribution coefficients and biodegradation rate constants. However, it should be noted that the predicted removal of EE2 was found to deviate from the in-plant observation, likely attributing to the existence of EE2 conjugates in raw municipal wastewater. Therefore, the effect of EE2 conjugates on the EE2 removal in WWTPs should be taken into account in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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19
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Rodrigues S, Silva AM, Antunes SC. Assessment of 17α-ethinylestradiol effects in Daphnia magna: life-history traits, biochemical and genotoxic parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23160-23173. [PMID: 33442804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems and the need to study them have increased over the years since they enter continuously the environment. Besides, these compounds are not intended for applications with environmental purposes, and therefore, little is known about their ecological effects, particularly in non-target organisms, as invertebrate species. Inside these substances, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have recently come into the limelight, due to environmental concentrations and consequently their detrimental effects on different organisms. 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) has been detected in the aquatic environment in various locations around the globe since it is the main synthetic hormone used as a female oral contraceptive and is also applied in veterinary medicine and animal production. The present study was intended to assess the chronic effects of EE2, in the non-target organism as Daphnia magna. Thus, to analyze the individual and subindividual impact, this aquatic organism was chronically exposed (21 days) to 0.00 (control group), 0.10, 1.00, 10.0, and 100 μg/L of EE2. Results here obtained demonstrated that D. magna exposed to the EE2 concentrations had significant effects in individual (life-history) and sub-individual (biochemical levels) parameters. Alterations as anticipation in the age at first reproduction, a decrease of the growth rate, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation were detected, as well as genotoxic damage. Therefore, it was possible to infer that EE2 can disrupt several metabolic pathways and physiological functions of D. magna, since EE2 demonstrated ecotoxicity, at environmentally relevant concentrations. This work reinforces the importance of examining the effects of more relevant exposures (more prolonged and with ecologically pertinent concentrations) of potential endocrine disruptors like EE2, to the freshwater organisms and ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Ana Marta Silva
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cristina Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
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20
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Alcaraz AJG, Potěšil D, Mikulášek K, Green D, Park B, Burbridge C, Bluhm K, Soufan O, Lane T, Pipal M, Brinkmann M, Xia J, Zdráhal Z, Schneider D, Crump D, Basu N, Hogan N, Hecker M. Development of a Comprehensive Toxicity Pathway Model for 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Early Life Stage Fathead Minnows ( Pimephales promelas). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5024-5036. [PMID: 33755441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing pressure to develop alternative ecotoxicological risk assessment approaches that do not rely on expensive, time-consuming, and ethically questionable live animal testing. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive early life stage toxicity pathway model for the exposure of fish to estrogenic chemicals that is rooted in mechanistic toxicology. Embryo-larval fathead minnows (FHM; Pimephales promelas) were exposed to graded concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol (water control, 0.01% DMSO, 4, 20, and 100 ng/L) for 32 days. Fish were assessed for transcriptomic and proteomic responses at 4 days post-hatch (dph), and for histological and apical end points at 28 dph. Molecular analyses revealed core responses that were indicative of observed apical outcomes, including biological processes resulting in overproduction of vitellogenin and impairment of visual development. Histological observations indicated accumulation of proteinaceous fluid in liver and kidney tissues, energy depletion, and delayed or suppressed gonad development. Additionally, fish in the 100 ng/L treatment group were smaller than controls. Integration of omics data improved the interpretation of perturbations in early life stage FHM, providing evidence of conservation of toxicity pathways across levels of biological organization. Overall, the mechanism-based embryo-larval FHM model showed promise as a replacement for standard adult live animal tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper James G Alcaraz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Mikulášek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Derek Green
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Bradley Park
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Connor Burbridge
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Kerstin Bluhm
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Othman Soufan
- Computer Science Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Taylor Lane
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Environment and Geography, York University, York YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Pipal
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Schneider
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W9, Canada
- School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Natacha Hogan
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
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21
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Crowley-Perry M, Barberio AJ, Zeino J, Winston ER, Connaughton VP. Zebrafish Optomotor Response and Morphology Are Altered by Transient, Developmental Exposure to Bisphenol-A. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9020014. [PMID: 33918232 PMCID: PMC8167563 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-specific endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are potent modulators of neural and visual development and common environmental contaminants. Using zebrafish, we examined the long-term impact of abnormal estrogenic signaling by testing the effects of acute, early exposure to bisphenol-A (BPA), a weak estrogen agonist, on later visually guided behaviors. Zebrafish aged 24 h postfertilization (hpf), 72 hpf, and 7 days postfertilization (dpf) were exposed to 0.001 μM or 0.1 μM BPA for 24 h, and then allowed to recover for 1 or 2 weeks. Morphology and optomotor responses (OMRs) were assessed after 1 and 2 weeks of recovery for 24 hpf and 72 hpf exposure groups; 7 dpf exposure groups were additionally assessed immediately after exposure. Increased notochord length was seen in 0.001 μM exposed larvae and decreased in 0.1 μM exposed larvae across all age groups. Positive OMR was significantly increased at 1 and 2 weeks post-exposure in larvae exposed to 0.1 μM BPA when they were 72 hpf or 7 dpf, while positive OMR was increased after 2 weeks of recovery in larvae exposed to 0.001 μM BPA at 72 hpf. A time-delayed increase in eye diameter occurred in both BPA treatment groups at 72 hpf exposure; while a transient increase occurred in 7 dpf larvae exposed to 0.1 μM BPA. Overall, short-term developmental exposure to environmentally relevant BPA levels caused concentration- and age-dependent effects on zebrafish visual anatomy and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla Crowley-Perry
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (M.C.-P.); (A.J.B.); (J.Z.); (E.R.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Angelo J. Barberio
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (M.C.-P.); (A.J.B.); (J.Z.); (E.R.W.)
| | - Jude Zeino
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (M.C.-P.); (A.J.B.); (J.Z.); (E.R.W.)
| | - Erica R. Winston
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (M.C.-P.); (A.J.B.); (J.Z.); (E.R.W.)
| | - Victoria P. Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (M.C.-P.); (A.J.B.); (J.Z.); (E.R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-885-2188
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22
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Cooper R, David A, Lange A, Tyler CR. Health Effects and Life Stage Sensitivities in Zebrafish Exposed to an Estrogenic Wastewater Treatment Works Effluent. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666656. [PMID: 33995285 PMCID: PMC8120895 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of health effects in fish have been reported for exposure to wastewater treatment work (WwTW) effluents including feminized responses in males. Most of these exposure studies, however, have assessed acute health effects and chronic exposure effects are less well established. Using an Estrogen Responsive Element-Green Fluorescent Protein (ERE-GFP)-Casper transgenic zebrafish, we investigated chronic health effects and life stage sensitivities for exposure to an estrogenic WwTW effluent and the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Exposure to the WwTW effluent (at full strength;100%) and to 10 ng/L (nominal) EE2 delayed testis maturation in male fish but accelerated ovary development in females. Exposure to 50% and 100% effluent, and to 10 ng/L EE2, also resulted in skewed sex ratios in favor of females. Differing patterns of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, in terms of target tissues and developmental life stages occurred in the ERE-GFP- zebrafish chronically exposed to 100% effluent and reflected the estrogenic content of the effluent. gfp and vitellogenin (vtg) mRNA induction were positively correlated with measured levels of steroidal estrogens in the effluent throughout the study. Our findings illustrate the importance of a fish's developmental stage for estrogen exposure effects and demonstrate the utility of the ERE-GFP zebrafish for integrative health analysis for exposure to estrogenic chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Cooper
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Biosciences, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur David
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Lange
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Biosciences, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Biosciences, Exeter, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Charles R. Tyler,
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23
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García Hernández MP, Cabas I, Rodenas MC, Arizcun M, Chaves-Pozo E, Power DM, García Ayala A. 17α-ethynylestradiol prevents the natural male-to-female sex change in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:20067. [PMID: 33208754 PMCID: PMC7676269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2, 5 μg/g food) impairs some reproductive events in the protandrous gilthead seabream and a short recovery period does not allow full recovery. In this study, spermiating seabream males in the second reproductive cycle (RC) were fed a diet containing 5 or 2.5 μg EE2/g food for 28 days and then a commercial diet without EE2 for the remaining RC. Individuals were sampled at the end of the EE2 treatment and then at the end of the RC and at the beginning of the third RC, 146 and 333 days after the cessation of treatment, respectively. Increased hepatic transcript levels of the gene coding for vitellogenin (vtg) and plasma levels of Vtg indicated both concentrations of EE2 caused endocrine disruption. Modifications in the histological organization of the testis, germ cell proliferation, plasma levels of the sex steroids and pituitary expression levels of the genes coding for the gonadotropin β-subunits, fshβ and lhβ were detected. The plasma levels of Vtg and most of the reproductive parameters were restored 146 days after treatments. However, although 50% of the control fish underwent sex reversal as expected at the third RC, male-to female sex change was prevented by both EE2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar García Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Isabel Cabas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Rodenas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Alfonsa García Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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24
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DeCourten BM, Forbes JP, Roark HK, Burns NP, Major KM, White JW, Li J, Mehinto AC, Connon RE, Brander SM. Multigenerational and Transgenerational Effects of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Endocrine Disruptors in an Estuarine Fish Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13849-13860. [PMID: 32989987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many pollutants cause endocrine disruption in aquatic organisms. While studies of the direct effects of toxicants on exposed organisms are commonplace, little is known about the potential for toxicant exposures in a parental (F0) generation to affect unexposed F1 or F2 generations (multigenerational and transgenerational effects, respectively), particularly in estuarine fishes. To investigate this possibility, we exposed inland silversides (Menidia beryllina) to environmentally relevant (low ng/L) concentrations of ethinylestradiol, bifenthrin, trenbolone, and levonorgestrel from 8 hpf to 21 dph. We then measured development, immune response, reproduction, gene expression, and DNA methylation for two subsequent generations following the exposure. Larval exposure (F0) to each compound resulted in negative effects in the F0 and F1 generations, and for ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel, the F2 also. The specific endpoints that were responsive to exposure in each generation varied, but included increased incidence of larval deformities, reduced larval growth and survival, impaired immune function, skewed sex ratios, ovarian atresia, reduced egg production, and altered gene expression. Additionally, exposed fish exhibited differences in DNA methylation in selected genes, across all three generations, indicating epigenetic transfer of effects. These findings suggest that assessments across multiple generations are key to determining the full magnitude of adverse effects from contaminant exposure in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M DeCourten
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, United States
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Joshua P Forbes
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, United States
| | - Hunter K Roark
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, United States
| | - Nathan P Burns
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, United States
| | - Kaley M Major
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - J Wilson White
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon 97365, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Bioinformatics Core, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alvine C Mehinto
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Richard E Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Susanne M Brander
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon 97365, United States
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25
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Rehberger K, Wernicke von Siebenthal E, Bailey C, Bregy P, Fasel M, Herzog EL, Neumann S, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Segner H. Long-term exposure to low 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) concentrations disrupts both the reproductive and the immune system of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105836. [PMID: 32563011 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (EEDCs), such as ethinylestradiol (EE2), are well studied for their impact on the reproductive system of fish. EEDCs may also impact the immune system and, as a consequence, the disease susceptibility of fish. It is currently not yet known whether the low concentrations of EEDCs that are able to disrupt the reproductive system of trout are effective in disrupting the immune system and the fish host resistance towards pathogens, too, or whether such immunodisruptive effects would occur only at higher EEDC concentrations. Therefore, in the present study we compare the effect thresholds of low 17α-ethinylestradiol concentrations (1.5 and 5.5 EE2 ng/L) on the reproductive system, the immune system, the energy expenditures and the resistance of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against the parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae - the etiological agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) of salmonids. The parasite infection was conducted without injection and under low pathogen exposure concentrations. The disease development was followed over 130 days post infection - in the presence or absence of EE2 exposure. The results show that the long-term EE2 exposure affected, at both concentrations, reproductive parameters like the mRNA levels of hepatic vitellogenin and estrogen receptors. At the same concentrations, EE2 exposure modulated the immune parameters: mRNA levels of several immune genes were altered and the parasite intensity as well as the disease severity (histopathology) were significantly reduced in EE2-exposed fish compared to infected control fish. The combination of EE2 exposure and parasite infection was energetically costly, as indicated by the decreased values of the swim tunnel respirometry. Although further substantiation is needed, our findings suggest that EE2 exerts endocrine disruptive and immunomodulating activities at comparable effect thresholds, since reproductive and immune parameters were affected by the same, low EE2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Rehberger
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Christyn Bailey
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bregy
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Fasel
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elio L Herzog
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Neumann
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Qin G, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Lin Q. Environmental estrogens and progestins disturb testis and brood pouch development with modifying transcriptomes in male-pregnancy lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136840. [PMID: 32032986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental estrogens and progestins has contributed to adverse effects on the reproduction of many aquatic wildlife species. However, few reports have paid attention to fish species with specialized reproductive strategies, such as male-pregnancy seahorses. In this study, the potential effects on the behavior, gonad and brood pouch development, and transcriptomic profiles of lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 17α-ethynyl estradiol (EE2, 5 ng/L, 50 ng/L, 10 ng/L, 100 ng/L) or progesterone (P4) for 60 days were examined. Both EE2 and P4 significantly inhibited male brood pouch development by disrupting the extracellular matrix and basement membrane pathways. In addition, both EE2 and P4 impaired the expression of genes associated with spermatogenesis in the testis, and even caused male feminization. We suggest that seahorses be regarded as a sensitive indicator for evaluating the potential effects of endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) pollution on aquatic biotic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yali Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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27
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Pereira A, Silva L, Laranjeiro C, Lino C, Pena A. Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part II-Toxicity and Environmental Risk Assessment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081796. [PMID: 32295269 PMCID: PMC7221825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic compartments. Therefore, 22 pharmaceuticals, 6 metabolites and transformation products, belonging to 7 therapeutic groups, were selected to perform a review on their toxicity and environmental risk assessment (ERA) in different aquatic compartments, important issues to tackle the water framework directive (WFD). The toxicity data collected reported, with the exception of anxiolytics, at least one toxicity value for concentrations below 1 µg L−1. The results obtained for the ERA revealed risk quotients (RQs) higher than 1 in all the aquatic bodies and for the three trophic levels, algae, invertebrates and fish, posing ecotoxicological pressure in all of these compartments. The therapeutic groups with higher RQs were hormones, antiepileptics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics. Unsurprisingly, RQs values were highest in wastewaters, however, less contaminated water bodies such as groundwaters still presented maximum values up to 91,150 regarding 17α-ethinylestradiol in fish. Overall, these results present an important input for setting prioritizing measures and sustainable strategies, minimizing their impact in the aquatic environment.
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28
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Dai X, Qiu L, Zhao B, Gao Y, Mu Y, Chu Z, Du L, Xiong B. Melatonin ameliorates the fertilization capacity of oocytes exposed to 17α-ethynylestradiol. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 93:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Dang Z, Kienzler A. Changes in fish sex ratio as a basis for regulating endocrine disruptors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104928. [PMID: 31277008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish sex ratio (SR) is an endpoint potentially indicating both endocrine activity and adversity, essential elements for identifying Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) as required by the EU regulations. Due to different protocols and methods in the literature studies, SR data vary greatly. This study analyses literature SR data and discusses important considerations for using SR data in the regulatory context for the hazard identification, classification, PBT (persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic) assessment, testing, and risk assessment. A total number of 106 studies were compiled for SR of zebrafish, medaka and fathead minnow exposed to 84 chemicals or mixtures. About 53% of literature studies determined SR by methods different from the standard histology method, leading to uncertainty of quantifying SR and differential sensitivity. SR was determined after depuration in 40 papers, which may lead to chemical-induced SR changes reversible to the control. SR was responsive to chemicals with EAS (estrogen, androgen, steoroidogenesis) activity and also to those with thyroid and progesterone activity. Besides, SR was influenced by non-chemical factors, e.g., inbreeding and temperature, leading to difficulty in data interpretation. The ECHA/EFSA/JRC Guidance suggests that SR and gonad histology data can be used for identifying EDCs. Due to reversibility, influence of confounding factors, and responsiveness to chemicals with endocrine activity other than EAS, this study suggests that SR/gonad histology should be combined with certain mode of action evidence for identifying EDCs. Important considerations for using SR data in the identification, classification, PBT assessment, testing, and risk assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiChao Dang
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Aude Kienzler
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
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30
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Wang YQ, Li YW, Chen QL, Liu ZH. Long-term exposure of xenoestrogens with environmental relevant concentrations disrupted spermatogenesis of zebrafish through altering sex hormone balance, stimulating germ cell proliferation, meiosis and enhancing apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:486-494. [PMID: 30366296 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental estrogens are capable of interfering with the spermatogenesis and fertility of fish. However in natural waters, these chemicals are more likely to occur as a combination rather than a single stressor. Whether and how the mixture of xenoestrogens with environmental relevant concentrations may affect fish spermatogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, male zebrafish adults were administered to 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and a mixture of xenoestrogens (Mix (E2, EE2, DES, 4-t-OP, 4-NP and BPA)), with the estrogenic potency equivalent to EE2. After a 60-day exposures, elevated mRNA levels of vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) and estrogen receptor 1 (esr1) in the liver of fish in both treated groups were observed. Moreover, the plasma level of E2 declined significantly in the Mix group and the ratio of 11-KT/E2 was significantly elevated in both treated groups. Consistently, the mRNA level of P450 side-chain cleavage (scc) in the EE2 group and ovarian type aromatase (cyp19a1a) in the Mix group was significantly suppressed. In addition, decreased gonadosomatic index and sperm count in the fish of Mix group were present. Furthermore, increased number of the proliferating germ cells (such as spermatogonia and spermatocytes) was observed in the fish of both groups, suggesting a stimulated germ cell proliferation and meiosis. Accordingly, both exposures significantly up-regulated the mRNA levels of genes in mitosis (cyclinb1) and meiosis (cyp26a1 in EE2 group, aldh1a2, cyp26a1, sycp3 and spo11 in Mix). In addition, decreased number of spermatozoa and increased number of TUNEL-positive signals were present in the testis of fish in the Mix group, indicating an enhanced apoptosis. Further analyses demonstrated the significant elevated expressions of tnfrsf1a and the ratio of tnfrsf1a/tnfrsf1b in the Mix group, suggesting an elevated apoptosis in the testis of fish in the Mix group via extrinsic pathway. The present study greatly extends our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the reproductive toxicity of xenoestrogens on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ying-Wen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qi-Liang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Carnevali O, Santangeli S, Forner-Piquer I, Basili D, Maradonna F. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in aquatic environment: what are the risks for fish gametes? FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1561-1576. [PMID: 29948447 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 25 years, extensive research in vertebrate species has identified several genomic pathways altered by exposures to anthropogenic chemicals with hormone-like activity mediated by their interaction with nuclear receptors. In addition, many pollutants have been shown to interfere with non-genomic (non-classical) pathways, but this mechanism of endocrine disruption is still poorly understood. Recently, the number of publications describing the effects of Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on fish reproduction, focusing on the deregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis as well as on gamete quality, significantly increased. Depending on their ability to mimic endogenous hormones, the may differently affect male or female reproductive physiology. Inhibition of gametogenesis, development of intersex gonads, alteration of the gonadosomatic index, and decreased fertility rate have been largely documented. In males, alterations of sperm density, motility, and fertility have been observed in several wild species. Similar detrimental effects were described in females, including negative outcomes on oocyte growth and maturation plus the occurrence of apoptotic/autophagic processes. These pathways may affect gamete viability considered as one of the major indicators of reproductive endocrine disruption. Pollutants act also at DNA level producing DNA mutations and changes in epigenetic pathways inducing specific mechanisms of toxicity and/or aberrant cellular responses that may affect subsequent generation(s) through the germline. In conclusion, this review summarizes the effects caused by EDC exposure on fish reproduction, focusing on gametogenesis, giving a general overview of the different aspects dealing with this issue, from morphological alteration, deregulation of steroidogenesis, hormonal synthesis, and occurrence of epigenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Santangeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Danilo Basili
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136, Rome, Italy.
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Ye RR, Peterson DR, Kitamura SI, Segner H, Seemann F, Au DWT. Sex-specific immunomodulatory action of the environmentalestrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol alongside with reproductive impairment in fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 203:95-106. [PMID: 30099325 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDCs) are present ubiquitously in sediments and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. The detrimental impact of EEDCs on the reproduction of wildlife is widely recognized. Increasing evidence shows the immunosuppressive effects of EEDCs in vertebrates. Yet, no studies have considered concomitantly EEDC-induced impacts on reproductive impairment and immune suppression in vivo, which are deemed essential for risk assessment and environmental monitoring. In this study, EE2 was used as a representative EEDC, for parallel evaluation of EEDC-induced immune suppression (immune marker gene expression, leukocyte numbers, host resistance assay, and immune competence index) and reproductive impairment (estrogen responsive gene expression, fecundity, fertilization success, hatching success, and reproductive competence index) in an established fish model (marine medaka Oryzias melastigma), considering sex-specific induction and adaptation and recovery responses under different EE2 exposure scenarios. The findings in marine medaka reveal distinct sex differences in the EE2-mediated biological responses. For female fish, low concentration of exogenous EE2 (33 ng/L) could induce hormesis (immune enhancement), enable adaptation (restored reproduction) and even boost fish resistance to bacterial challenge after abatement of EE2. However, a prolonged exposure to high levels of EE2 (113 ng/L) not only impaired F0 immune function, but also perturbed females recovering from reproductive impairment, resulting in a persistent impact on the F1 generation output. Thus, for female fish, the exposure concentration of EE2 is more critical than the dose of EE2 in determining the impacts of EE2 on immune function and reproduction. Conversely, male fish are far more sensitive than females to the presence of low levels of exogenous EE2 in water and the EE2-mediated biological impacts are clearly dose-dependent. It is also evident in male fish that direct contact of EE2 is essential to sustain impairments of immune competence and reproductive output as well as deregulation of immune function genes in vivo. The immunomodulatory pathways altered by EE2 were deciphered for male and female fish, separately. Downregulation of hepatic tlr3 and c3 (in female) and tlr3, tlr5 and c3 (in male) may be indicative of impaired fish immune competence. Taken together, impaired immune competence in the EE2-exposed fish poses an immediate thread on the survival of F0 population. Impaired reproduction in the EE2-exposed fish can directly affect F1 output. Parallel evaluation of immune competence and reproduction are important considerations when assessing the risk of sublethal levels of EE2/EEDCs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy R Ye
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Drew R Peterson
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shin-Ichi Kitamura
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, CH3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Seemann
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA.
| | - Doris W T Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Gao D, Lin J, Ou K, Chen Y, Li H, Dai Q, Yu Z, Zuo Z, Wang C. Embryonic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene inhibits reproductive capability in adult female zebrafish and correlation with DNA methylation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:403-411. [PMID: 29753248 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of embryonic short-term exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, on ovarian development and reproductive capability in adult female zebrafish. In 1-year-old fish after embryonic exposure to BaP for 96 h, the gonadosomatic indices and the percentage of mature oocytes were significantly decreased in the 0.5, 5 and 50 nmol/L treatments. The spawned egg number, the fertilization rate and the hatching success were significantly reduced, while the malformation rate of the F1 unexposed larvae were increased. The mRNA levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, ovarian cytochrome P450 aromatase cyp19a1a and cyp19b, estrogen receptor esr1 and esr2, and hepatic vitellogenin vtg1 and vtg2 genes, were down-regulated in adult female zebrafish that were exposed to BaP during embryonic stage. Both 17β-estradiol and testosterone levels were reduced in the ovary of adult females. The methylation levels of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) gene gnrh3 were significantly increased in the adult zebrafish brain, and those of the GnRH receptor gene gnrhr3 were elevated both in the larvae exposed to BaP and in the adult brain, which might cause the down-regulation of the mRNA levels of gnrh3 and gnrhr3. This epigenetic change caused by embryonic exposure to BaP might be a reason for physiological changes along the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. These results suggest that short-term exposure in early life should be included and evaluated in any risk assessment of pollutant exposure to the reproductive health of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Hongbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Qinhua Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Zhenni Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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34
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Porseryd T, Reyhanian Caspillo N, Volkova K, Elabbas L, Källman T, Dinnétz P, Olsson PE, Porsch-Hällström I. Testis transcriptome alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) with reduced fertility due to developmental exposure to 17α-ethinyl estradiol. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018. [PMID: 29526718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a ubiquitous aquatic contaminant shown to decrease fish fertility at low concentrations, especially in fish exposed during development. The mechanisms of the decreased fertility are not fully understood. In this study, we perform transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing of testes from zebrafish with previously reported lowered fertility due to exposure to low concentrations of EE2 during development. Fish were exposed to 1.2 and 1.6 ng/L (measured concentration; nominal concentrations 3 and 10 ng/L) of EE2 from fertilization to 80 days of age, followed by 82 days of remediation in clean water. RNA sequencing analysis revealed 249 and 16 genes to be differentially expressed after exposure to 1.2 and 1.6 ng/L, respectively; a larger inter-sample variation was noted in the latter. Expression of 11 genes were altered by both exposures and in the same direction. The coding sequences most affected could be categorized to the putative functions cell signalling, proteolysis, protein metabolic transport and lipid metabolic process. Several homeobox transcription factors involved in development and differentiation showed increased expression in response to EE2 and differential expression of genes related to cell death, differentiation and proliferation was observed. In addition, several genes related to steroid synthesis, testis development and function were differentially expressed. A number of genes associated with spermatogenesis in zebrafish and/or mouse were also found to be differentially expressed. Further, differences in non-coding sequences were observed, among them several differentially expressed miRNA that might contribute to testis gene regulation at post-transcriptional level. This study has generated insights of changes in gene expression that accompany fertility alterations in zebrafish males that persist after developmental exposure to environmental relevant concentrations of EE2 that persist followed by clean water to adulthood. Hopefully, this will generate hypotheses to test in search for mechanistic explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Porseryd
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - N Reyhanian Caspillo
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden; Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - K Volkova
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden; Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - L Elabbas
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - T Källman
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Dinnétz
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - P-E Olsson
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - I Porsch-Hällström
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
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35
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Ismail NAH, Wee SY, Aris AZ. Multi-class of endocrine disrupting compounds in aquaculture ecosystems and health impacts in exposed biota. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:375-388. [PMID: 28892772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fishes are a major protein food source for humans, with a high economic value in the aquaculture industry. Because endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have been introduced into aquatic ecosystems, the exposure of humans and animals that depend on aquatic foods, especially fishes, should be seriously considered. EDCs are emerging pollutants causing global concern because they can disrupt the endocrine system in aquatic organisms, mammals, and humans. These pollutants have been released into the environment through many sources, e.g., wastewater treatment plants, terrestrial run-off (industrial activities, pharmaceuticals, and household waste), and precipitation. The use of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and fertilizers for maintaining and increasing fish health and growth also contributes to EDC pollution in the water body. Human and animal exposure to EDCs occurs via ingestion of contaminated matrices, especially aquatic foodstuffs. This paper aims to review human EDC exposure via fish consumption. In respect to the trace concentration of EDCs in fish, types of instrument and clean-up method are of great concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afifah Hanun Ismail
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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36
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Cuco AP, Santos JI, Abrantes N, Gonçalves F, Wolinska J, Castro BB. Concentration and timing of application reveal strong fungistatic effect of tebuconazole in a Daphnia-microparasitic yeast model. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:141-163. [PMID: 29096087 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of pollutant effects on host-parasite relationships and disease spread, the main goal of this study was to assess the influence of different exposure scenarios for the fungicide tebuconazole (concentration×timing of application) on a Daphnia-microparasitic yeast experimental system. Previous results had demonstrated that tebuconazole is able to suppress Metschnikowia bicuspidata infection at ecologically-relevant concentrations; here, we aimed to obtain an understanding of the mechanism underlying the anti-parasitic (fungicidal or fungistatic) action of tebuconazole. We exposed the Daphnia-yeast system to four nominal tebuconazole concentrations at four timings of application (according to the predicted stage of parasite development), replicated on two Daphnia genotypes, in a fully crossed experiment. An "all-or-nothing" effect was observed, with tebuconazole completely suppressing infection from 13.5μgl-1 upwards, independent of the timing of tebuconazole application. A follow-up experiment confirmed that the suppression of infection occurred within a narrow range of tebuconazole concentrations (3.65-13.5μgl-1), although a later application of the fungicide had to be compensated for by a slight increase in concentration to elicit the same anti-parasitic effect. The mechanism behind this anti-parasitic effect seems to be the inhibition of M. bicuspidata sporulation, since tebuconazole was effective in preventing ascospore production even when applied at a later time. However, this fungicide also seemed to affect the vegetative growth of the yeast, as demonstrated by the enhanced negative effect of the parasite (increasing mortality in one of the host genotypes) at a later time of application of tebuconazole, when no signs of infection were observed. Fungicide contamination can thus affect the severity and spread of disease in natural populations, as well as the inherent co-evolutionary dynamics in host-parasite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Cuco
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana I Santos
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno B Castro
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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37
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Gárriz Á, Del Fresno PS, Miranda LA. Exposure to E 2 and EE 2 environmental concentrations affect different components of the Brain-Pituitary-Gonadal axis in pejerrey fish (Odontesthes bonariensis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:45-53. [PMID: 28601516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the effects of E2 and EE2 environmental concentrations on different components of the reproductive axis of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis), a native fish species from Pampas lakes of Argentina. The results obtained demonstrated that E2 and EE2 separate or mixed, could disrupt key pathways of the pejerrey Brain-Pituitary-Gonadal axis. First, it was observed that at the brain level, gnrh-III and cyp19a1b mRNA expression increased significantly in the exposed fish. Secondly, in the pituitary fshb and lhb mRNA expression levels, the study did not show any differences between treated and control groups. Thirdly, fshr and lhcgr transcript levels showed a significant decrease at testicular level. Nevertheless, testosterone plasmatic levels remained unchanged in exposed fish. In addition, in a histological analysis, it was possible to find pyknotic nuclei in estrogen only on treated fish testis linked to a reduction in the GSI index and a decrease in the length of spermatogenic lobules. All these findings highlighted the fact that environmental concentrations of E2, EE2 and their mixture disrupted the endocrine-reproductive axis of pejerrey, being the testis the main direct target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Gárriz
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín", IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Intendente Marino Km. 8.200 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pamela S Del Fresno
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín", IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Intendente Marino Km. 8.200 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín", IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Intendente Marino Km. 8.200 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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38
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Goundadkar BB, Katti P. Environmental estrogen(s) induced swimming behavioural alterations in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 54:146-154. [PMID: 28734242 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study is an attempt to investigate the effects of long-term (75days) exposure to environmental estrogens (EE) on the swimming behaviour of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adult zebrafish were exposed semi-statically to media containing commonly detected estrogenic water contaminants (EE2, DES and BPA) at a concentration (5ng/L) much lower than environmentally recorded levels. Time spent in swimming, surface preference, patterns and path of swimming were recorded (6mins) for each fish using two video cameras on day 15, 30 60 and 75. Video clips were analysed using a software program. Results indicate that chronic exposure to EE leads to increased body weight and size of females, reduced (P<0.05) swimming time, delay in latency, increased (P<0.05) immobility, erratic movements and freezing episodes. We conclude that estrogenic contamination of natural aquatic systems induces alterations in locomotor behaviour and associated physiological disturbances in inhabitant fish fauna.
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39
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Windsor FM, Ormerod SJ, Tyler CR. Endocrine disruption in aquatic systems: up-scaling research to address ecological consequences. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:626-641. [PMID: 28795474 PMCID: PMC6849538 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter biological function in organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations and are a significant threat to aquatic biodiversity, but there is little understanding of exposure consequences for populations, communities and ecosystems. The pervasive nature of EDCs within aquatic environments and their multiple sub‐lethal effects make assessments of their impact especially important but also highly challenging. Herein, we review the data on EDC effects in aquatic systems focusing on studies assessing populations and ecosystems, and including how biotic and abiotic processes may affect, and be affected by, responses to EDCs. Recent research indicates a significant influence of behavioural responses (e.g. enhancing feeding rates), transgenerational effects and trophic cascades in the ecological consequences of EDC exposure. In addition, interactions between EDCs and other chemical, physical and biological factors generate uncertainty in our understanding of the ecological effects of EDCs within aquatic ecosystems. We illustrate how effect thresholds for EDCs generated from individual‐based experimental bioassays of the types commonly applied using chemical test guidelines [e.g. Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD)] may not necessarily reflect the hazards associated with endocrine disruption. We argue that improved risk assessment for EDCs in aquatic ecosystems urgently requires more ecologically oriented research as well as field‐based assessments at population‐, community‐ and food‐web levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M Windsor
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, U.K.,Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, U.K
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, U.K
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, U.K
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40
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Lee SLJ, Horsfield JA, Black MA, Rutherford K, Fisher A, Gemmell NJ. Histological and transcriptomic effects of 17α-methyltestosterone on zebrafish gonad development. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:557. [PMID: 28738802 PMCID: PMC5523153 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormones play important roles in teleost ovarian and testicular development. In zebrafish, ovarian differentiation appears to be dictated by an oocyte-derived signal via Cyp19a1a aromatase-mediated estrogen production. Androgens and aromatase inhibitors can induce female-to-male sex reversal, however, the mechanisms underlying gonadal masculinisation are poorly understood. We used histological analyses together with RNA sequencing to characterise zebrafish gonadal transcriptomes and investigate the effects of 17α-methyltestosterone on gonadal differentiation. RESULTS At a morphological level, 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) masculinised gonads and accelerated spermatogenesis, and these changes were paralleled in masculinisation and de-feminisation of gonadal transcriptomes. MT treatment upregulated expression of genes involved in male sex determination and differentiation (amh, dmrt1, gsdf and wt1a) and those involved in 11-oxygenated androgen production (cyp11c1 and hsd11b2). It also repressed expression of ovarian development and folliculogenesis genes (bmp15, gdf9, figla, zp2.1 and zp3b). Furthermore, MT treatment altered epigenetic modification of histones in zebrafish gonads. Contrary to expectations, higher levels of cyp19a1a or foxl2 expression in control ovaries compared to MT-treated testes and control testes were not statistically significant during early gonad development (40 dpf). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that both androgen production and aromatase inhibition are important for androgen-induced gonadal masculinisation and natural testicular differentiation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A. Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
| | - Michael A. Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
| | - Kim Rutherford
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
| | - Amanda Fisher
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
| | - Neil J. Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
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Gao J, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Yang Y, Yuan C, Jia J, Wang Z. Responses of gonadal transcriptome and physiological analysis following exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol in adult rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:209-215. [PMID: 28349872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen commonly used in the oral contraceptive pills, disrupts the sexual differentiation, gonadal development and reproduction in aquatic species. Nowadays aquatic species and even humans still have the potential risks of exposure to EE2. However, the mechanism of EE2 endocrine disruption is still unclear. Aiming to elucidate molecular mechanisms, we analyzed transcriptome profiling of gonads, gonadal histology and the sex steroid hormones in response to EE2 in G. rarus. Through this study, we obtained eight RNA-Seq libraries upon EE2 exposure, and found some key genes and pathways in correlation with the disruption effects of EE2. We found EE2 could disrupt oocyte development and spermatogenesis in adult G. rarus, and EE2 has more obvious disruption effects on male G. rarus than females. Interestingly, EE2 was indicated to be an exogenous DPC-inducing agent and ppp2r3b was suggested to be a spermatogenesis candidate gene in rare minnow. The differential gene expressions of rps30, samp9, ppp2r3b and spartan upon EE2 exposure suggest EE2's disruption effects on gonads could attribute to altered pathways of translation, ribosome biogenesis and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yanping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Cong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Jia Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China.
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Wang J, Zhu Y. Occurrence and risk assessment of estrogenic compounds in the East Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:69-76. [PMID: 28384514 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Forty two surface water samples were collected in May and June of 2013 in five lakelets of the East Lake, China. Four steroid hormones (17β-estradiol (βE2), estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (αE2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (αEE2)) were analyzed in these samples. Determination of four estrogenic compounds was performed on high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). βE2 was detected with the highest detection frequency of 62% and its concentration range was from nd to 17.58ng/L. The mean total concentration of four compounds increased with the order: Houhu lake (L5) (8.91ng/L)<Niuchao lake (L1) (19.92ng/L)<Guozheng lake (L2) (20.03ng/L)<Tangling lake (L4) (22.65ng/L)<Guandu lake (L3) (35.68ng/L). Pollution sources of four compounds were mainly from municipal wastewater and water washed out from farm land fertilized with the waste of livestock or irrigated with water from livestock farm. The proportion of sample sites at high risk that compounds had effect on fish population were 58.3% in Guozheng (L2) lake, 100% in Guandu (L3) lake, and 62.5% in Tangling (L4), Niuchao (L1) and Houhu (L5) lake, respectively. The mean βE2 equivalent concentrations was at relatively high levels in L3 with 8.6ng/L, L1 with 6.1ng/L, L4 with 4.62ng/L, L2 with 4.58ng/L and L5 with 2.62ng/L, respectively. Meanwhile, sampling sites at high risk generally were surrounded with hospitals, hotels and residential buildings where had high population density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yindi Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Marty MS, Blankinship A, Chambers J, Constantine L, Kloas W, Kumar A, Lagadic L, Meador J, Pickford D, Schwarz T, Verslycke T. Population-relevant endpoints in the evaluation of endocrine-active substances (EAS) for ecotoxicological hazard and risk assessment. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:317-330. [PMID: 28052490 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For ecotoxicological risk assessment, endocrine disruptors require the establishment of an endocrine mode of action (MoA) with a plausible link to a population-relevant adverse effect. Current ecotoxicity test methods incorporate mostly apical endpoints although some also include mechanistic endpoints, subcellular-through-organ level, which can help establish an endocrine MoA. However, the link between these endpoints and adverse population-level effects is often unclear. The case studies of endocrine-active substances (EAS) (tributyltin, ethinylestradiol, perchlorate, trenbolone, propiconazole, and vinclozolin) evaluated from the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Pellston Workshop® "Ecotoxicological Hazard and Risk Assessment Approaches for Endocrine-Active Substances (EHRA)" were used to evaluate the population relevance of toxicity endpoints in various taxa according to regulatory endocrine-disruptor frameworks such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disruptors. A wide variety of potentially endocrine-relevant endpoints were identified for mollusks, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals, although the strength of the relationship between test endpoints and population-level effects was often uncertain. Furthermore, testing alone is insufficient for assessing potential adaptation and recovery processes in exposed populations. For this purpose, models that link effects observed in laboratory tests to the dynamics of wildlife populations appear to be necessary, and their development requires reliable and robust data. As our understanding of endocrine perturbations and key event relationships improves, adverse population-level effects will be more easily and accurately predicted. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:317-330. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janice Chambers
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - James Meador
- NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Tamar Schwarz
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
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Parrott JL, Bjerregaard P, Brugger KE, Gray LE, Iguchi T, Kadlec SM, Weltje L, Wheeler JR. Uncertainties in biological responses that influence hazard and risk approaches to the regulation of endocrine active substances. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:293-301. [PMID: 27862884 PMCID: PMC8215718 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting substances (EDS) may have certain biological effects including delayed effects, multigenerational effects, and may display nonmonotonic dose-response (NMDR) relationships that require careful consideration when determining environmental hazards. Endocrine disrupting substances can have specific and profound effects when exposure occurs during sensitive windows of the life cycle (development, reproduction). This creates the potential for delayed effects that manifest when exposure has ceased, possibly in a different life stage. This potential underscores the need for testing in appropriate (sensitive) life stages and full life cycle designs. Such tests are available in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) tool box and should be used to derive endpoints that can be considered protective of all life stages. Similarly, the potential for effects to be manifest in subsequent generations (multigenerational effects) has also been raised as a potential issue in the derivation of appropriate endpoints for EDS. However, multigenerational studies showing increasing sensitivity of successive generations are uncommon. Indeed this is reflected in the design of new higher tier tests to assess endocrine active substances (EAS) that move to extended one-generation designs and away from multi-generational studies. The occurrence of NMDRs is also considered a limiting factor for reliable risk assessment of EDS. Evidence to date indicates NMDRs are more prevalent in in vitro and mechanistic data, not often translating to adverse apical endpoints that would be used in risk assessment. A series of steps to evaluate NMDRs in the context of endocrine hazard and risk assessment procedures is presented. If careful consideration of delayed, multigenerational effects and NMDRs is made, it is feasible to assess environmental endocrine hazards and derive robust apical endpoints for risk assessment procedures ensuring a high level of environmental protection. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:293-301. © 2016 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Parrott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
- Address correspondence to
| | - Poul Bjerregaard
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristin E Brugger
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - L Earl Gray
- USEPA, Reproductive Toxicology Branch, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Department of Bioenvironmental Research, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sarah M Kadlec
- University of Minnesota, Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lennart Weltje
- BASF SE, Crop Protection-Ecotoxicology, Limburgerhof, Germany
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Szwejser E, Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Maciuszek M, Chadzinska M. Estrogen-dependent seasonal adaptations in the immune response of fish. Horm Behav 2017; 88:15-24. [PMID: 27760301 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence shows that estrogens affect immunity in mammals. Less is known about this interaction in the evolutionary older, non-mammalian, vertebrates. Fish form an excellent model to identify evolutionary conserved neuroendocrine-immune interactions: i) they are the earliest vertebrates with fully developed innate and adaptive immunity, ii) immune and endocrine parameters vary with season, and iii) physiology is constantly disrupted by increasing contamination of the aquatic environment. Neuro-immuno-endocrine interactions enable adaption to changing internal and external environment and are based on shared signaling molecules and receptors. The presence of specific estrogen receptors on/in fish leukocytes, implies direct estrogen-mediated immunoregulation. Fish leukocytes most probably are also capable to produce estrogens as they express the cyp19a and cyp19b - genes, encoding aromatase cytochrome P450, the enzyme critical for conversion of C19 steroids to estrogens. Immunoregulatory actions of estrogens, vary among animal species, and also with dose, target cell type, or physiological condition (e.g., infected/non-infected, reproductive status). They moreover are multifaceted. Interestingly, season-dependent changes in immune status correlate with changes in the levels of circulating sex hormones. Whereas E2 circulating in the bloodstream is perhaps the most likely candidate to be the physiological mediator of systemic immune-reproductive trade-offs, leukocyte-derived hormones are hypothesized to be mainly involved in local tuning of the immune response. Contamination of the aquatic environment with estrogenic EDCs may violate the delicate and precise allostatic interactions between the endogenous estrogen system and the immune system. This has negative effects on fish health, but will also affect the physiology of its consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szwejser
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - B M Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Dept of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Maciuszek
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Nendza M, Wenzel A, Müller M, Lewin G, Simetska N, Stock F, Arning J. Screening for potential endocrine disruptors in fish: evidence from structural alerts and in vitro and in vivo toxicological assays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2016; 28:26. [PMID: 27867807 PMCID: PMC5093190 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-016-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European chemicals' legislation REACH aims to protect man and the environment from substances of very high concern (SVHC). Chemicals like endocrine disruptors (EDs) may be subject to authorization. Identification of (potential) EDs with regard to the environment is limited because specific experimental assessments are not standard requirements under REACH. Evidence is based on a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments (if available), expert judgement, and structural analogy with known EDs. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to review and refine structural alerts for the indication of potential estrogenic and androgenic endocrine activities based on in vitro studies; to analyze in vivo mammalian long-term reproduction studies with regard to estrogen- and androgen-sensitive endpoints in order to identify potential indicators for endocrine activity with regard to the environment; to assess the consistency of potential estrogenic and androgenic endocrine activities based on in vitro assays and in vivo mammalian long-term reproduction studies and fish life-cycle tests; and to evaluate structural alerts, in vitro assays, and in vivo mammalian long-term reproduction studies for the indication of potential estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors in fish. RESULTS Screening for potential endocrine activities in fish via estrogenic and androgenic modes of action based on structural alerts provides similar information as in vitro receptor-mediated assays. Additional evidence can be obtained from in vivo mammalian long-term reproduction studies. Conclusive confirmation is possible with fish life-cycle tests. Application of structural alerts to the more than 33,000 discrete organic compounds of the EINECS inventory indicated 3585 chemicals (approx. 11%) as potential candidates for estrogenic and androgenic effects that should be further investigated. Endocrine activities of the remaining substances cannot be excluded; however, because the structural alerts perform much better for substances with (very) high estrogenic and androgenic activities, there is reasonable probability that the most hazardous candidates have been identified. CONCLUSIONS The combination of structural alerts, in vitro receptor-based assays, and in vivo mammalian studies may support the priority setting for further assessments of chemicals with potential environmental hazards due to estrogenic and androgenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nendza
- Analytical Laboratory, Bahnhofstr. 1, 24816 Luhnstedt, Germany
| | - Andrea Wenzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Geertje Lewin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- 30161 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nelly Simetska
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frauke Stock
- German Environment Agency UBA, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Jürgen Arning
- German Environment Agency UBA, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
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Hoo JY, Kumari Y, Shaikh MF, Hue SM, Goh BH. Zebrafish: A Versatile Animal Model for Fertility Research. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9732780. [PMID: 27556045 PMCID: PMC4983327 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9732780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of zebrafish in biomedical research is very common in the research world nowadays. Today, it has emerged as a favored vertebrate organism for the research in science of reproduction. There is a significant growth in amount numbers of scientific literature pertaining to research discoveries in reproductive sciences in zebrafish. It has implied the importance of zebrafish in this particular field of research. In essence, the current available literature has covered from the very specific brain region or neurons of zebrafish, which are responsible for reproductive regulation, until the gonadal level of the animal. The discoveries and findings have proven that this small animal is sharing a very close/similar reproductive system with mammals. More interestingly, the behavioral characteristics and along with the establishment of animal courtship behavior categorization in zebrafish have laid an even stronger foundation and firmer reason on the suitability of zebrafish utilization in research of reproductive sciences. In view of the immense importance of this small animal for the development of reproductive sciences, this review aimed at compiling and describing the proximate close similarity of reproductive regulation on zebrafish and human along with factors contributing to the infertility, showing its versatility and its potential usage for fertility research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ying Hoo
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Sunway College, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Seow Mun Hue
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Luzio A, Monteiro SM, Rocha E, Fontaínhas-Fernandes AA, Coimbra AM. Development and recovery of histopathological alterations in the gonads of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after single and combined exposure to endocrine disruptors (17α-ethinylestradiol and fadrozole). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:90-105. [PMID: 27002526 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of wildlife to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is not necessarily continuous. Due to seasonal changes and variable industrial and agricultural activities it often occurs intermittently. Thus, it is possible that aquatic organisms may be more affected by periodic peak exposure than by chronic exposure. Therefore, an experimental scenario including an exposure from 2h to 90 days post-fertilization (dpf) and a subsequent recovery period until 150 dpf was chosen to assess the potential reversibility of the effects of sex steroids on sexual and gonad development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The aim of this study was to investigate the persistence of the endocrine effects of an estrogen (EE2-17α-ethinylestradiol, 4ng/L), an inhibitor of estrogen synthesis (Fad-fadrozole, 50μg/L) or their binary mixture (Mix-EE2+ Fad, 4ng/L+50μg/L). Afterwards, a semi-quantitative histological assessment was used to investigate histopathological changes on gonad differentiation and development. The data showed that fadrozole, alone or in combination with EE2, permanently disrupts the sexual development, inducing masculinization and causing severe pathological alterations in testis, such as intersex associated to the enlargement of sperm ducts, interstitial changes, asynchronous development and detachment of basal membrane. After exposures to both EDCs and their mixture, the gonad histopathology revealed interstitial proteinaceous fluid deposits and, in ovaries, there were atretic oocytes, and presumably degenerative mineralization. On the other hand, the gonadal changes induced by EE2 alone seem to be partially reversible when the exposure regime changed to a recovery period. In addition, EE2 enhanced zebrafish growth in both genders, with male fish presenting signs of early obesity such as the presence of adipocytes in testis. Moreover, sex ratio was slightly skewed toward females, at 90 and 105 dpf, in zebrafish exposed to EE2. The data further indicate that long-term studies on impacts of single EDCs and their mixtures with recovery periods are crucial to reveal the possibility of sex reversal and pathological changes of gonads that can adversely affect breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luzio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Portugal; Histomorphology, Physiopathology, and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Portugal
| | - António A Fontaínhas-Fernandes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana M Coimbra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Departamento de Biologia e Ambiente (DeBA), Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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49
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Molecular identification of Kiss/GPR54 and function analysis with mRNA expression profiles exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:737-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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Ye T, Kang M, Huang Q, Fang C, Chen Y, Liu L, Dong S. Accumulation of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate causes endocrine-disruptive effects in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:116-127. [PMID: 25066029 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is extensively distributed in marine environments. However, limited research on the toxicological and molecular effects of DEHP on marine organisms has been conducted. Our study investigated the accumulation, elimination, and endocrine-disruptive effects of DEHP on embryonic marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). The medaka embryos were continuously exposed to DEHP (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L) or 17β-estradiol (E2, 0.01 mg/L) until hatching, and the newly hatched larvae were then transferred to clean sea water for 12 days of depuration. DEHP and E2 appeared to have no significant effects on the mortality and hatching rates of medaka embryos, but E2 exposure significantly delayed the hatching. Significantly higher DEHP embryonic burdens were detected in the group treated with higher DEHP (0.1 and 1 mg/L) at 10 dpf (days post fertilization). The recovered larvae showed an elimination tendency of DEHP during the recovery period. DEHP had no significant effects on the transcriptional responses of endocrine-disrupting biomarker genes in the 3-dpf embryos. Treatment with 0.1 and 1 mg/L DEHP elicited a significant induction of transcriptional responses of ER, PPAR, and the CYP19 genes in a concentration-dependent manner at 10 dpf, indicating endocrine disruption may be due to bioaccumulation of DEHP. With the elimination of DEHP during the depuration period, all of the effects on these genes showed no significant effects. However, 0.1 mg/L E2 significantly affected the expression of ER, PPAR, and the CYP19 genes in the exposed embryos at both 3 and 10 dpf and recovered larvae. Therefore, these results demonstrate that accumulation of DEHP caused endocrine disruption in medaka embryos and that recovery in clean sea water may weaken the endocrine-disrupting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Kang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Fang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijun Dong
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
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