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Zhang H, Ren K, Hu Y, Liu B, He Y, Xu H, Ma K, Tian W, Dai L, Zhao D. Neuritin promotes autophagic flux by inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway to alleviate brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Brain Res 2024; 1836:148909. [PMID: 38570154 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early brain injury (EBI) is closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), with autophagy playing a pivotal role in EBI. However, research has shown that the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway impacts autophagic flux. While the regulatory impact of neuritin on EBI and autophagic flux has been established previously, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in neuritin-mediated regulation of autophagic flux following SAH. METHODS A SAH model was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats via intravascular perforation. Neuritin overexpressions using adeno-associated virus, the STING antagonist "C-176," and the activator, "CMA," were determined to investigate the cGAS-STING pathway's influence on autophagic flux and brain injury post-SAH, along with the neuritin's regulatory effect on STING. In this study, SAH grade, neurological score, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, brain water content (BWC), sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Evans blue staining, immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were examined. RESULTS Neuritin overexpression significantly ameliorated neurobehavioural scores, blood-brain barrier injury, brain oedema, and impaired autophagic flux in SAH-induced rats. STING expression remarkably increased post-SAH. C-176 and CMA mitigated and aggravated autophagic flux injury and brain injury, respectively, while inhibiting and enhancing STING, respectively. Particularly, CMA treatment nullified the protective effects of neuritin against autophagic flux and mitigated brain injury. CONCLUSION Neuritin alleviated EBI by restoring impaired autophagic flux after SAH through the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Kunhao Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Youjie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yaowen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Ketao Ma
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Linzhi Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
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Zhou T, Meng Q, Sun R, Xu D, Zhu F, Jia C, Zhou S, Chen S, Yang Y. Structure and gene expression changes of the gill and liver in juvenile black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) under different salinities. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101228. [PMID: 38547756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) is an important marine aquaculture species in China. It is an ideal object for the cultivation of low-salinity aquaculture strains in marine fish and the study of salinity tolerance mechanisms in fish because of its strong low-salinity tolerance ability. Gill is the main osmoregulatory organ in fish, and the liver plays an important role in the adaptation of the organism to stressful environments. In order to understand the coping mechanisms of the gills and livers of black porgy in different salinity environments, this study explored these organs after 30 days of culture in hypoosmotic (0.5 ppt), isosmotic (12 ppt), and normal seawater (28 ppt) at histologic, physiologic, and transcriptomic levels. The findings indicated that gill exhibited a higher number of differentially expressed genes than the liver, emphasizing the gill's heightened sensitivity to salinity changes. Protein interaction networks and enrichment analyses highlighted energy metabolism as a key regulatory focus at both 0.5 ppt and 12 ppt salinity in gills. Additionally, gills showed enrichment in ions, substance transport, and other metabolic pathways, suggesting a more direct regulatory response to salinity stress. The liver's regulatory patterns at different salinities exhibited significant distinctions, with pathways and genes related to metabolism, immunity, and antioxidants predominantly activated at 0.5 ppt, and molecular processes linked to cell proliferation taking precedence at 12 ppt salinity. Furthermore, the study revealed a reduction in the volume of the interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) of the gills, enhancing the contact area of the gill lamellae with water. At 0.5 ppt salinity, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity increased, accompanied by oxidative stress damage. Conversely, at 12 ppt salinity, gill NKA activity significantly decreased without notable changes in liver structure. These results underscore the profound impact of salinity on gill structure and function, highlighting the crucial role of the liver in adapting to salinity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangjian Zhou
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Ruijian Sun
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Dafeng Xu
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Chaofeng Jia
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Shimiao Zhou
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuyin Chen
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Hou Y, Fan F, Xie N, Zhang Y, Wang X, Meng X. Rhodiola crenulata alleviates hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injury by maintaining BBB integrity and balancing energy metabolism dysfunction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155529. [PMID: 38503156 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Rhodiola crenulata (Hook. f. et Thoms.) H. Ohba (R. crenulate), a famous and characteristic Tibetan medicine, has been demonstrated to exert an outstanding brain protection role in the treatment of high-altitude hypoxia disease. However, the metabolic effects of R. crenulate on high-altitude hypoxic brain injury (HHBI) are still incompletely understood. Herein, the anti-hypoxic effect and associated mechanisms of R. crenulate were explored through both in vivo and in vitro experiments. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The mice model of HHBI was established using an animal hypobaric and hypoxic chamber. R. crenulate extract (RCE, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) and salidroside (Sal, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) was given by gavage for 7 days. Pathological changes and neuronal apoptosis of mice hippocampus and cortex were evaluated using H&E and TUNEL staining, respectively. The effects of RCE and Sal on the permeability of blood brain barrier (BBB) were detected by Evans blue staining and NIR-II fluorescence imaging. Meanwhile, the ultrastructural BBB and cerebrovascular damages were observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The levels of tight junction proteins Claudin-1, ZO-1 and occludin were detected by immunofluorescence. Additionally, the metabolites in mice serum and brain were determined using UHPLC-MS and MALDI-MSI analysis. The cell viability of Sal on hypoxic HT22 cells induced by CoCl2 was investigated by cell counting kit-8. The contents of LDH, MDA, SOD, GSH-PX and SDH were detected by using commercial biochemical kits. Meanwhile, intracellular ROS, Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by corresponding specific labeled probes. The intracellular metabolites of HT22 cells were performed by the targeted metabolomics analysis of the Q300 kit. The cell apoptosis and necrosis were examined by YO-PRO-1/PI, Annexin V/PI and TUNEL staining. In addition, mitochondrial morphology was tested by Mito-tracker red with confocal microscopy and TEM. Real-time ATP production, oxygen consumption rate, and proton efflux rate were measured using a Seahorse analyzer. Subsequently, MCU, OPA1, p-Drp1ser616, p-AMPKα, p-AMPKβ and Sirt1 were determined by immunofluorescent and western blot analyses. RESULTS The results demonstrated that R. crenulate and Sal exert anti-hypoxic brain protection from inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, maintaining BBB integrity, increasing tight junction protein Claudin-1, ZO-1 and occludin and improving mitochondrial morphology and function. Mechanistically, R. crenulate and Sal alleviated HHBI by enhancing the tricarboxylic acid cycle to meet the demand of energy of brain. Additionally, experiments in vitro confirmed that Sal could ameliorate the apoptosis of HT22 cells, improve mitochondrial morphology and energy metabolism by enhancing mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Meanwhile, Sal-mediated MCU inhibited the activation of Drp1 and enhanced the expression of OPA1 to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, as well as activation of AMPK and Sirt1 to enhance ATP production. CONCLUSION Collectively, the findings suggested that RCE and Sal may afford a protective intervention in HHBI through maintaining BBB integrity and improving energy metabolism via balancing MCU-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis by activating the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fuhan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
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Song SN, Dong WP, Dong XX, Guo F, Ren L, Li CX, Wang JM. Cerebral endothelial cells mediated enhancement of brain pericyte number and migration in oxygen-glucose deprivation involves the HIF-1α/PDGF-β signaling. Brain Res 2024; 1832:148849. [PMID: 38452844 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The present study focused on whether hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) and platelet-derived factor-beta (PDGF-β) are involved in the crosstalk between brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and brain vascular pericytes (BVPs) under ischaemic-hypoxic conditions. Mono-cultures or co-cultures of BVPs and BMECs were made for the construction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) model in vitro and then exposed to control and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. BBB injury was determined by assessing the ability, apoptosis, and migration of BVPs and the transendothelial electrical resistance and horseradish peroxidase permeation of BMECs. Relative mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α and PDGF-β, as well as tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin-5 were analyzed by western blotting, reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and/or immunofluorescence staining. Dual-luciferase reporter assays assessed the relationship between PDGF-β and HIF-1α. Co-culturing with BMECs alleviated OGD-induced reduction in BVP viability, elevation in BVP apoptosis, and repression in BVP migration. Co-culturing with BVPs protected against OGD-induced impairment on BMEC permeability. OGD-induced HIF-1α upregulation enhanced PDGF-β expression in mono-cultured BMECs and co-cultured BMECs with BVPs. Knockdown of HIF-1α impaired the effect of BMECs on BVPs under OGD conditions, and PDGFR-β silencing in BVPs blocked the crosstalk between BMECs and BVPs under OGD conditions. The crosstalk between BMECs and BVPs was implicated in OGD-induced BBB injury through the HIF-1α/PDGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Na Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wen-Ping Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xin-Xin Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lin Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Chang-Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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Liu X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Cui X, Yang D, Li Y. Octreotide attenuates intestinal barrier damage by maintaining basal autophagy in Caco2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:90. [PMID: 38577927 PMCID: PMC11019401 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier is of great importance for maintaining the stability of the internal environment, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of intestinal inflammation. Octreotide (OCT) has potential applicable clinical value for treating intestinal injury according to previous studies, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. This article is based on a cell model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), aiming to explore the effects of OCT in protecting intestinal mucosal barrier function. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was used to determine cell viability and evaluate the effectiveness of OCT. Gene silencing technology was used to reveal the mediated effect of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2). The changes in intestinal permeability were detected through trans‑epithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate‑dextran 4 experiments, and the alterations in tight junction proteins were detected using immunoblotting and reverse transcription fluorescence‑quantitative PCR technology. Autophagosomes were observed by electron microscopy and the dynamic changes of the autophagy process were characterized by light chain (LC)3‑II/LC3‑I conversion and autophagic flow. The results indicated that SSTR2‑dependent OCT can prevent the decrease in cell activity. After LPS treatment, the permeability of monolayer cells decreased and intercellular tight junctions were disrupted, resulting in a decrease in tight junction protein zona occludens 1 in cells. The level of autophagy‑related protein LC3 was altered to varying degrees at different times. These abnormal changes gradually returned to normal levels after the combined application of LPS and SSTR2‑dependent OCT, confirming the role of OCT in protecting intestinal barrier function. These experimental results suggest that OCT maintains basal autophagy and cell activity mediated by SSTR2 in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby preventing the intestinal barrier dysfunction in inflammation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xigang Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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Ma L, Cao Z. Periodontopathogen-Related Cell Autophagy-A Double-Edged Sword. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02049-8. [PMID: 38762837 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The periodontium is a highly organized ecosystem, and the imbalance between oral microorganisms and host defense leads to periodontal diseases. The periodontal pathogens, mainly Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, colonize the periodontal niches or enter the blood circulation, resulting in periodontal tissue destruction and distal organ damage. This phenomenon links periodontitis with various systemic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, steatohepatitis, and Alzheimer's disease. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular self-degradation process essential for eliminating internalized pathogens. Nowadays, increasing studies have been carried out in cells derived from periodontal tissues, immune system, and distant organs to investigate the relationship between periodontal pathogen infection and autophagy-related activities. On one hand, as a vital part of innate and adaptive immunity, autophagy actively participates in host resistance to periodontal bacterial infection. On the other, certain periodontal pathogens exploit autophagic vesicles or pathways to evade immune surveillance, therefore achieving survival within host cells. This review provides an overview of the autophagy process and focuses on periodontopathogen-related autophagy and their involvements in cells of different tissue origins, so as to comprehensively understand the role of autophagy in the occurrence and development of periodontal diseases and various periodontitis-associated systemic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Ren P, Lei W, Zhao C, Duan Z. HO-1-induced autophagy establishes a HO-1-p62-Nrf2 positive feedback loop to reduce gut permeability in cholestatic liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38745449 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2353108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The gut-liver axis disruption is a unified pathogenetic principle of cholestatic liver disease (CSLD). Increased gut permeability is the leading cause of gut-liver axis disruption. HO-1 is capable of protecting against gut-liver axis injury. However, it has rarely been reported whether autophagy is involved in HO-1 protecting gut-liver barrier integrity and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) was established as CSLD model in vivo. Caco-2 cells with LPS treatment was established as in vitro cell model. Immunofluorescence, western blot and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) assay were used to observe epithelial tight junction (TJ) and autophagy. Liver injury and fibrosis were evaluated as well through H&E staining, masson staining, sirius red staining and ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the epithelial TJ and TER were notably reduced both in BDL mice and in LPS treated intestinal epithelial cells. Increased HO-1 expression could significantly induce intestinal epithelial cell autophagy. Additionally, this increased autophagy level reversed the reduction effects of BDL or LPS on epithelial TJ and TER in vivo and in vitro, therefore decreased transaminase level in serum and relieved liver fibrosis in BDL mice. Besides, increased autophagy level in turn upregulated the expression of HO-1 by p62 degradation of Keap1 and subsequent activation of Nrf2 pathway. Collectively, these results indicate that HO-1 reduces gut permeability by enhancing autophagy level in CSLD, the increased autophagy establishes a HO-1-p62-Nrf2 positive feedback loop to further improve gut-liver axis disruption. Therefore, our study confirms the critical role of autophagy in HO-1 ameliorating gut-liver axis injury during CSLD, highlighting HO-1 as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Ren
- Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Second Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changcheng Zhao
- Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Cui L, Yang R, Huo D, Li L, Qu X, Wang J, Wang X, Liu H, Chen H, Wang X. Streptococcus pneumoniae extracellular vesicles aggravate alveolar epithelial barrier disruption via autophagic degradation of OCLN (occludin). Autophagy 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38497494 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2330043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) represents a major human bacterial pathogen leading to high morbidity and mortality in children and the elderly. Recent research emphasizes the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bacterial pathogenicity. However, the contribution of S. pneumoniae EVs (pEVs) to host-microbe interactions has remained unclear. Here, we observed that S. pneumoniae infections in mice led to severe lung injuries and alveolar epithelial barrier (AEB) dysfunction. Infections of S. pneumoniae reduced the protein expression of tight junction protein OCLN (occludin) and activated macroautophagy/autophagy in lung tissues of mice and A549 cells. Mechanically, S. pneumoniae induced autophagosomal degradation of OCLN leading to AEB impairment in the A549 monolayer. S. pneumoniae released the pEVs that could be internalized by alveolar epithelial cells. Through proteomics, we profiled the cargo proteins inside pEVs and found that these pEVs contained many virulence factors, among which we identified a eukaryotic-like serine-threonine kinase protein StkP. The internalized StkP could induce the phosphorylation of BECN1 (beclin 1) at Ser93 and Ser96 sites, initiating autophagy and resulting in autophagy-dependent OCLN degradation and AEB dysfunction. Finally, the deletion of stkP in S. pneumoniae completely protected infected mice from death, significantly alleviated OCLN degradation in vivo, and largely abolished the AEB disruption caused by pEVs in vitro. Overall, our results suggested that pEVs played a crucial role in the spread of S. pneumoniae virulence factors. The cargo protein StkP in pEVs could communicate with host target proteins and even hijack the BECN1 autophagy initiation pathway, contributing to AEB disruption and bacterial pathogenicity.Abbreviations: AEB: alveolarepithelial barrier; AECs: alveolar epithelial cells; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16 like 1; ATP:adenosine 5'-triphosphate; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BBB: blood-brain barrier; CFU: colony-forming unit; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ:chloroquine; CTRL: control; DiO: 3,3'-dioctadecylox-acarbocyanineperchlorate; DOX: doxycycline; DTT: dithiothreitol; ECIS: electricalcell-substrate impedance sensing; eGFP: enhanced green fluorescentprotein; ermR: erythromycin-resistance expression cassette; Ery: erythromycin; eSTKs: eukaryotic-like serine-threoninekinases; EVs: extracellular vesicles; HA: hemagglutinin; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; HsLC3B: human LC3B; hpi: hours post-infection; IP: immunoprecipitation; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LC/MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MVs: membranevesicles; NC:negative control; NETs:neutrophil extracellular traps; OD: optical density; OMVs: outer membrane vesicles; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; pEVs: S.pneumoniaeextracellular vesicles; protK: proteinase K; Rapa: rapamycin; RNAi: RNA interference; S.aureus: Staphylococcusaureus; SNF:supernatant fluid; sgRNA: single guide RNA; S.pneumoniae: Streptococcuspneumoniae; S.suis: Streptococcussuis; TEER: trans-epithelium electrical resistance; moi: multiplicity ofinfection; TEM:transmission electron microscope; TJproteins: tight junction proteins; TJP1/ZO-1: tight junction protein1; TSA: tryptic soy agar; WB: western blot; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruicheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Huo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jundan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Hulin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China
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Liu L, Ma Z, Han Q, Meng W, Wang H, Guan X, Shi Q. Myricetin Oligomer Triggers Multi-Receptor Mediated Penetration and Autophagic Restoration of Blood-Brain Barrier for Ischemic Stroke Treatment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9895-9916. [PMID: 38533773 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Restoration of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, which drives worse outcomes of ischemic stroke, is a potential target for therapeutic opportunities, whereas a sealed BBB blocks the therapeutics entrance into the brain, making the BBB protection strategy paradoxical. Post ischemic stroke, hypoxia/hypoglycemia provokes the up-regulation of transmembrane glucose transporters and iron transporters due to multiple metabolic disorders, especially in brain endothelial cells. Herein, we develop a myricetin oligomer-derived nanostructure doped with Ce to bypass the BBB which is cointermediated by glucose transporters and iron transporters such as glucose transporters 1 (GLUT1), sodium/glucose cotransporters 1 (SGLT1), and transferrin(Tf) reporter (TfR). Moreover, it exhibits BBB restoration capacity by regulating the expression of tight junctions (TJs) through the activation of protective autophagy. The myricetin oligomers scaffold not only acts as targeting moiety but is the prominent active entity that inherits all diverse pharmacological activities of myricetin. The suppression of oxidative damage, M1 microglia activation, and inflammatory factors makes it a multitasking nanoagent with a single component as the scaffold, targeting domain and curative components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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Li L, He YL, Xu N, Wang XF, Song B, Tang BQ, Lee SMY. A natural small molecule aspidosperma-type alkaloid, hecubine, as a new TREM2 activator for alleviating lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103057. [PMID: 38325196 PMCID: PMC10863309 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), highly expressed by microglia in the central nervous system (CNS), can modulate neuroinflammatory responses. Currently, there are no approved drugs specifically targeting TREM2 for CNS diseases. Aspidosperma alkaloids have shown potential as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents. This study aimed to elucidate the potential therapeutic effect of Hecubine, a natural aspidosperma-type alkaloid, as a TREM2 activator in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neuroinflammation in in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CTSA) were employed to investigate the interaction between Hecubine and TREM2. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and shRNA gene knockdown were used to assess the anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant effects of Hecubine in microglial cells and zebrafish. Our results revealed that Hecubine directly interacted with TREM2, leading to its activation. Knockdown of TREM2 mRNA expression significantly abolished the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Hecubine on LPS-stimulated proinflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and oxidative stress in microglia cells. Furthermore, Hecubine upregulated Nrf2 expression levels while downregulating TLR4 signaling expression levels both in vivo and in vitro. Silencing TREM2 upregulated TLR4 and downregulated Nrf2 signaling pathways, mimicking the effect of Hecubine, further supporting TREM2 as the drug target by which Hecubine inhibits neuroinflammation. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify a small molecule, namely Hecubine directly targeting TREM2 to mediate anti-neuroinflammation and anti-oxidative effects, which serves as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neural inflammation-associated CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yu-Lin He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Medical Science, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, 528333, China
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, China; School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ben-Qin Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medical Science, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, 528333, China.
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Yuan Y, He Q, Yang X, Flores JJ, Huang L, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Li R, Gu L, Dong S, Zhu S, Yi K, Han M, Wu L, Zhou Y, Zhang JH, Xie Z, Tang J. Mitochondrial ferritin upregulation reduced oxidative stress and blood-brain-barrier disruption by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis in a neonatal rat model of germinal matrix hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114703. [PMID: 38281588 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a devasting neurological disease in premature newborns. After GMH, brain iron overload associated with hemoglobin degradation contributed to oxidative stress, causing disruption of the already vulnerable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Mitochondrial ferritin (FTMT), a novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein, is crucial in maintaining cellular iron homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effect of FTMT upregulation on oxidative stress and BBB disruption associated with brain iron overload in rats. A total of 222 Sprague-Dawley neonatal rat pups (7 days old) were used to establish a collagenase-induced GMH model and an iron-overload model of intracerebral FeCl2 injection. Deferiprone was administered via gastric lavage 1 h after GMH and given daily until euthanasia. FTMT CRISPR Knockout and adenovirus (Ad)-FTMT were administered intracerebroventricularly 48 h before GMH and FeCl2 injection, respectively. Neurobehavioral tests, immunofluorescence, Western blot, Malondialdehyde measurement, and brain water content were performed to evaluate neurobehavior deficits, oxidative stress, and BBB disruption, respectively. The results demonstrated that brain expressions of iron exporter Ferroportin (FPN) and antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) as well as BBB tight junction proteins including Claudin-5 and Zona Occulta (ZO)-1 were found to be decreased at 72 h after GMH. FTMT agonist Deferiprone attenuated oxidative stress and preserved BBB tight junction proteins after GMH. These effects were partially reversed by FTMT CRISPR Knockout. Iron overload by FeCl2 injection resulted in oxidative stress and BBB disruption, which were improved by Ad-FTMT mediated FTMT overexpression. Collectively, FTMT upregulation is neuroprotective against brain injury associated with iron overload. Deferiprone reduced oxidative stress and BBB disruption by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis partially by the upregulating of FTMT after GMH. Deferiprone may be an effective treatment for patients with GMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Qiuguang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jerry J Flores
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zongyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ruihao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lingui Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Siyuan Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Shiyi Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Kun Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingyang Han
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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12
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Tang B, Li Y, Xu X, Du G, Wang H. Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Neuronal Injury by NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 Mediated Pyroptosis in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2357-2366. [PMID: 37874480 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 mediated pyroptosis is one of the important causes of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used in clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. However, mechanism of EA on ischemic stroke remains unclear. Therefore, on basis of a previous work, this study used middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) 2 h and then reperfusion 7 days in rats to simulate brain I/R process. EA with Bahui (GV20) and Zusanli (ST36) and VX-765 (a specific inhibitor of Caspase-1) was performed. In this study, we found that EA improved cerebral infarct size and neuronal damage, including ultrastructural injury, and ameliorated nitro/oxidative stress in cerebral I/R. Additionally, EA treatment significantly decreased ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and IL-1β expression and VX-765 treatment significantly decreased NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β expression. This proved that EA can regulate NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 mediated pyroptosis, improve neuronal injury during cerebral I/R, and provide basic experimental data for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifa Xu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangzhong Du
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyuan Wang
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Zhang S, Ji J, Gao S, Yang S, Song Z, Li J, Liu J. Association between SpO 2 and the risk of death in elderly T2DM patients with cerebral infarction: a retrospective cohort study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1344000. [PMID: 38533418 PMCID: PMC10964770 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1344000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the SpO2 (transcutaneous oxygen saturation) -mortality link in elderly T2DM (diabetes mellitus type 2) patients with cerebral infarction and identify their optimal SpO2 range. Methods In this investigation, we employed a comprehensive approach. Initially, we screened the MIMIC-IV database, identifying elderly T2DM patients with cerebral infarction, utilizing specific ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. We then harnessed the power of restricted cubic splines to craft a visual representation of the correlation between SpO2 and 1-year mortality. To enhance our analysis, we harnessed Cox multivariate regression, allowing us to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HR) accompanied by 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, we crafted Cumulative Mortality Curve analyses, augmenting our study by engaging in rigorous subgroup analyses, stratifying our observations based on pertinent covariates. Results In this study, 448 elderly T2DM patients with cerebral infarction were included. Within 1-year post-discharge, 161 patients (35.94%) succumbed. Employing Restricted Cubic Spline analysis, a statistically significant U-shaped non-linear relationship between admission ICU SpO2 levels and 1-year mortality was observed (P-value < 0.05). Further analysis indicated that both low and high SpO2 levels increased the mortality risk. Cox multivariate regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounding factors, confirmed the association of low (≤94.5%) and high SpO2 levels (96.5-98.5%) with elevated 1-year mortality risk, particularly notably high SpO2 levels (>98.5%) [HR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.29-3.29, P-value = 0.002]. The cumulative mortality curves revealed the following SpO2 subgroups from high to low cumulative mortality at the 365th day: normal levels (94.5% < SpO2 ≤ 96.5%), low levels (SpO2 ≤ 94.5%), high levels (96.5% < SpO2 ≤ 98.5%), and notably high levels (>98.5%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant interaction between SpO2 and grouping variables, including Sex, Age, Congestive heart failure, Temperature, and ICU length of stay (LOS-ICU; P-values for interaction were >0.05). Conclusions Striking an optimal balance is paramount, as fixating solely on lower SpO2 limits or neglecting high SpO2 levels may contribute to increased mortality rates. To mitigate mortality risk in elderly T2DM patients with cerebral infarction, we recommend maintaining SpO2 levels within the range of 94.5-96.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jiaqi Ji
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zeyi Song
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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14
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Ramakrishnan RK, Srivastava A, Rajan R, Abusnana S, Mussa BM. Investigating the role of an immediate early gene FOS as a potential regulator of autophagic response to hypoglycemia in embryonic hypothalamic neurons. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13749. [PMID: 38488430 PMCID: PMC10941580 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) is a well-established complication of diabetes. Although HAAF has serious outcomes such as recurrent morbidity, coma, and death, the mechanisms of HAAF and its pathological components are largely unknown. Our previous studies have revealed that hypoglycemia is associated with the upregulation of an immediate early gene - FOS. In addition, it is documented that glucose deprivation activates neuronal autophagic activities. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the role of FOS and one of the core components of the autophagy pathway, Beclin-1 (encoded by the BECN1 gene), in the regulation of autophagic mechanisms in embryonic hypothalamic neurons in response to hypoglycemic conditions. Embryonic Mouse Hypothalamic Cell Line N39 (mHypoE-N39 or N39) was cultured in reduced concentrations of glucose (2000, 900, 500, and 200 mg/L). Gene and protein expression, as well as immunofluorescence studies on autophagy were conducted under different reduced glucose concentrations in N39 hypothalamic neurons with and without FOS and BECN1 gene knockdowns (KD). The outcomes of the present study have demonstrated a significant increase in autophagosome formation and subsequent lysosomal degradation in the hypothalamic neurons in response to reduced glucose concentrations. This hypoglycemic response appears to be lowered to a similar extent in the FOS KD and BECN1 KD cells, albeit insignificantly from the negative control, is indicative of the involvement of FOS in the autophagic response of hypothalamic neurons to hypoglycemia. Moreover, the KD cells exhibited a change in morphology and reduced cell viability compared with the control cells. Our findings suggest that reduced FOS expression could potentially be associated with impaired autophagic activities that are dependent on BECN1, which could lead to decreased or blunted hypothalamic activation in response to hypoglycemia, and this, in turn, may contribute to the development of HAAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Reeja Rajan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Abusnana
- Diabetes and Endocrinology DepartmentUniversity Hospital SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Clinical Science DepartmentCollege of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Bashair M. Mussa
- Basic Medical Science DepartmentCollege of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
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15
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Yu H, Shao M, Luo X, Pang C, So KF, Yu J, Zhang L. Treadmill exercise improves hippocampal neural plasticity and relieves cognitive deficits in a mouse model of epilepsy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:657-662. [PMID: 37721298 PMCID: PMC10581559 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.377771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain limited. Although regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases, its application in patients with epilepsy remains controversial. Here, we adopted a 14-day treadmill-exercise paradigm in a pilocarpine injection-induced mouse model of epilepsy. Cognitive assays confirmed the improvement of object and spatial memory after endurance training, and electrophysiological studies revealed the maintenance of hippocampal plasticity as a result of physical exercise. Investigations of the mechanisms underlying this effect revealed that exercise protected parvalbumin interneurons, probably via the suppression of neuroinflammation and improved integrity of blood-brain barrier. In summary, this work identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exercise improves cognitive rehabilitation in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingting Shao
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chaoqin Pang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiandong Yu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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16
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Hao M, Zhong K, Bai X, Wu S, Li L, He Y, Wang Z, Sun X, Wang Q, Guo Y, Sun Y, Wu L. Upregulated Tβ4 expression in inflammatory bowel disease impairs the intestinal mucus barrier by inhibiting autophagy in mice. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113871. [PMID: 38049080 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted intestinal barrier homeostasis is fundamental to inflammatory bowel disease. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) improves inflammation and has beneficial effects in dry-eye diseases, but its effects on the intestinal mucus barrier remain unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the underlying regulatory mechanisms and effects of Tβ4 by examining Tβ4 expression in a mouse model with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and colonic barrier damage. Additionally, we intraperitoneally injected C57BL/6 mice with Tβ4 to assess barrier function, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3II) protein expression, and autophagy. Finally, normal human colon tissue and colon carcinoma cells (Caco2) were cultured to verify Tβ4-induced barrier function and autophagy changes. Mucin2 levels decreased, microbial infiltration increased, and Tβ4 expression increased in the colitis mouse model versus the control mice, indicating mucus barrier damage. Moreover, Tβ4-treated C57BL/6 mice had damaged intestinal mucus barriers and decreased LC3II levels. Tβ4 also inhibited colonic mucin2 production, disrupted tight junctions, and downregulated autophagy; these results were confirmed in Caco2 cells and normal human colon tissue. In summary, Tβ4 may be implicated in colitis by compromising the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier and inhibiting autophagy. Thus, Tβ4 could be a new diagnostic marker for intestinal barrier defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Hao
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ke Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiaoqin Bai
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Shiyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yumei He
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiaobin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yuanbiao Guo
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yueshan Sun
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Liping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Zhao C, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Chu M, Ning X, Ji J, Wang T, Zhang G, Yin S, Zhang K. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, translatome and proteome reveals insights into yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) brain in response to hypoxia. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 266:106801. [PMID: 38096642 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Brain plays a central role in adapting to environmental changes and is highly sensitive to the oxygen level. Although previous studies investigated the molecular response of brain exposure to acute hypoxia in fish, the lack of studies at the translational level hinders further understanding of the regulatory mechanism response to hypoxia from multi-omics levels. Yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is an important freshwater aquaculture species; however, hypoxia severely restricts the sustainable development of its breeding industry. In the present study, the transcriptome, translatome, and proteome were integrated to study the global landscapes of yellow catfish brain response to hypoxia. The evidently increased amount of cerebral cortical cells with oedema and pyknotic nuclei has been observed in hypoxia group of yellow catfish. A total of 2750 genes were significantly changed at the translational level. Comparative transcriptional and translational analysis suggested the HIF-1 signaling pathway, autophagy and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were up-regulated after hypoxia exposure. KEGG enrichment of translational efficiency (TE) differential genes suggested that the lysosome and autophagy were highly enriched. Our result showed that yellow catfish tends to inhibit the TE of genes by increasing the translation of uORFs to adapt to hypoxia. Correlation analysis showed that transcriptome and translatome exhibit higher correlation. In summary, this study demonstrated that hypoxia dysregulated the cerebral function of yellow catfish at the transcriptome, translatome, and proteome, which provides a better understanding of hypoxia adaptation in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yubing Ding
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingxu Chu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xianhui Ning
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ji
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guosong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physiology Biochemistry and Application, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Gong X, Wang N, Zhu H, Tang N, Wu K, Meng Q. Anti-NMDAR antibodies, the blood-brain barrier, and anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1283511. [PMID: 38145121 PMCID: PMC10748502 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1283511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis. It is characterized by the existence of antibodies against NMDAR, mainly against the GluN1 subunit, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent research suggests that anti-NMDAR antibodies may reduce NMDAR levels in this disorder, compromising synaptic activity in the hippocampus. Although anti-NMDAR antibodies are used as diagnostic indicators, the origin of antibodies in the central nervous system (CNS) is unclear. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates the brain from the peripheral circulatory system, is crucial for antibodies and immune cells to enter or exit the CNS. The findings of cytokines in this disorder support the involvement of the BBB. Here, we aim to review the function of NMDARs and the relationship between anti-NMDAR antibodies and anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We summarize the present knowledge of the composition of the BBB, especially by emphasizing the role of BBB components. Finally, we further provide a discussion on the impact of BBB dysfunction in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiarong Gong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of MR, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Niya Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kunhua Wu
- Department of MR, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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19
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Liu J, Zhao Z, Li J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhang J. Association between transcutaneous oxygen saturation within 24 h of admission and mortality in critically ill patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1292260. [PMID: 38053796 PMCID: PMC10694199 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1292260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In critically ill patients, transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) upon admission is typically associated with in-hospital mortality. Nevertheless, the available information for patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is limited. In our study, our objective was to assess the correlation between SpO2 levels and mortality among patients diagnosed with severe SAH. Methods In this study, we extracted data from the Medical Information Marketplace in Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database, which comprises information on critically ill patients. By employing matching ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, we identified 3,328 patients diagnosed with SAH. Every individual who was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) had their SpO2 data and various covariates, including age, sex, diagnosis, and duration of stay, recorded upon admission. Subsequently, the patients were categorized into three distinct groups according to their SpO2 levels: low (≤95%), moderate (95-98%), and high (≥98%). To investigate the association between percutaneous oxygen saturation and mortality in patients with severe SAH, logistic regression, and cubic spline models were utilized. The main outcomes of interest were 28- and 90-day mortality rates. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate these correlations and assess the consistency of interactions. Results A cohort of 864 patients diagnosed with non-traumatic SAH was included in this study. The correlation between SpO2 and mortality displayed a U-shaped curve when utilizing a finite cubic spline function (non-linearity < 0.001), with the nadir in the probability of in-hospital death at 96%. Mortality at 28 and 90 days showed an inverse correlation with SpO2 < 96% (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.95, and 0.76; 95% CI, 0.6-0.96). Conversely, there was a positive correlation between percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels of ≥96% and mortality rates at both 28 and 90 days (adjusted OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02-1.35 and 1.2; 95% CI, 1.05-1.39). Conclusion In patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage, the association between SpO2 and mortality at 28 and 90 days demonstrated a U-shaped pattern. When SpO2 levels were between 95 and 98%, both short- and long-term mortality rates were at their lowest. Patients with significant subarachnoid hemorrhage had a lower chance of survival when their SpO2 values were either high or low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zongxu Zhao
- College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Qiuhua Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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20
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Wu W, Huang J, Han P, Zhang J, Wang Y, Jin F, Zhou Y. Research Progress on Natural Plant Molecules in Regulating the Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7631. [PMID: 38005352 PMCID: PMC10674591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. With the aging population and the continuous development of risk factors associated with AD, it will impose a significant burden on individuals, families, and society. Currently, commonly used therapeutic drugs such as Cholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, and multiple AD pathology removal drugs have been shown to have beneficial effects on certain pathological conditions of AD. However, their clinical efficacy is minimal and they are associated with certain adverse reactions. Furthermore, the underlying pathological mechanism of AD remains unclear, posing a challenge for drug development. In contrast, natural plant molecules, widely available, offer multiple targeting pathways and demonstrate inherent advantages in modifying the typical pathologic features of AD by influencing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We provide a comprehensive review of recent in vivo and in vitro studies on natural plant molecules that impact the BBB in the treatment of AD. Additionally, we analyze their specific mechanisms to offer novel insights for the development of safe and effective targeted drugs as well as guidance for experimental research and the clinical application of drugs for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Pengfei Han
- Science and Education Section, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou 075041, China;
| | - Jian Zhang
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
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21
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Hou W, Yao J, Liu J, Lin X, Wei J, Yin X, Huang H, Chen X, Yang G, He X. USP14 inhibition promotes recovery by protecting BBB integrity and attenuating neuroinflammation in MCAO mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3612-3623. [PMID: 37269080 PMCID: PMC10580339 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of ischemic stroke. USP14 has been reported to play a detrimental role in ischemic brain injury. However, the role of USP14 in BBB dysfunction after ischemic stroke is unclear. METHODS In this study, we tested the role of USP14 in disrupting BBB integrity after ischemic stroke. The USP14-specific inhibitor IU1 was injected into middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice once a day. The Evans blue (EB) assay and IgG staining were used to assess BBB leakage 3 days after MCAO. FITC-detran test was slected to examine the BBB leakage in vitro. Behavior tests were conducted to evaluate recovery from ischemic stroke. RESULTS Middle cerebral artery occlusion increased endothelial cell USP14 expression in the brain. Furthermore, the EB assay and IgG staining showed that USP14 inhibition through IU1 injection protected against BBB leakage after MCAO. Analysis of protein expression revealed a reduction in the inflammatory response and chemokine release after IU1 treatment. In addition, IU1 treatment was found to rescue neuronal loss resulting from ischemic stroke. Behavior tests showed a positive effect of IU1 in attenuating brain injury and improving motor function recovery. In vitro study showed that IU1 treatment could alleviate endothelial cell leakage induced by OGD in cultured bend.3 cells through modulating ZO-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a role for USP14 in disrupting the integrity of the BBB and promoting neuroinflammation after MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Hou
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuan People's HospitalQianyuanChina
| | - Jianping Yao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical ScienceGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical ScienceGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical ScienceGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - JueXian Wei
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaofan Yin
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaosong He
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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22
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Hang Z, Zhou L, Xing C, Wen Y, Du H. The blood-brain barrier, a key bridge to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102070. [PMID: 37704051 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
As a highly selective and semi-permeable barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and central nervous system (CNS), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in the onset and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). To delay or reverse the NDs progression, the dysfunction of BBB should be improved to protect the brain from harmful substances. Simultaneously, a highly efficient drug delivery across the BBB is indispensable. Here, we summarized several methods to improve BBB dysfunction in NDs, including knocking out risk geneAPOE4, regulating circadian rhythms, restoring the gut microenvironment, and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Then we discussed the advances in BBB penetration techniques, such as transient BBB opening, carrier-mediated drug delivery, and nasal administration, which facilitates drug delivery across the BBB. Furthermore, various in vivo and in vitro BBB models and research methods related to NDs are reviewed. Based on the current research progress, the treatment of NDs in the long term should prioritize the integrity of the BBB. However, a treatment approach that combines precise control of transient BBB permeability and non-invasive targeted BBB drug delivery holds profound significance in improving treatment effectiveness, safety, and clinical feasibility during drug therapy. This review involves the cross application of biology, materials science, imaging, engineering and other disciplines in the field of BBB, aiming to provide multi-dimensional research directions and clinical ideas for the treating NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongci Hang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cencan Xing
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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23
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Noh B, Blasco‐Conesa MP, Rahman SM, Monga S, Ritzel R, Guzman G, Lai Y, Ganesh BP, Urayama A, McCullough LD, Moruno‐Manchon JF. Iron overload induces cerebral endothelial senescence in aged mice and in primary culture in a sex-dependent manner. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13977. [PMID: 37675802 PMCID: PMC10652299 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron imbalance in the brain negatively affects brain function. With aging, iron levels increase in the brain and contribute to brain damage and neurological disorders. Changes in the cerebral vasculature with aging may enhance iron entry into the brain parenchyma, leading to iron overload and its deleterious consequences. Endothelial senescence has emerged as an important contributor to age-related changes in the cerebral vasculature. Evidence indicates that iron overload may induce senescence in cultured cell lines. Importantly, cells derived from female human and mice generally show enhanced senescence-associated phenotype, compared with males. Thus, we hypothesize that cerebral endothelial cells (CEC) derived from aged female mice are more susceptible to iron-induced senescence, compared with CEC from aged males. We found that aged female mice, but not males, showed cognitive deficits when chronically treated with ferric citrate (FC), and their brains and the brain vasculature showed senescence-associated phenotype. We also found that primary culture of CEC derived from aged female mice, but not male-derived CEC, exhibited senescence-associated phenotype when treated with FC. We identified that the transmembrane receptor Robo4 was downregulated in the brain vasculature and in cultured primary CEC derived from aged female mice, compared with those from male mice. We discovered that Robo4 downregulation contributed to enhanced vulnerability to FC-induced senescence. Thus, our study identifies Robo4 downregulation as a driver of senescence induced by iron overload in primary culture of CEC and a potential risk factor of brain vasculature impairment and brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Noh
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Maria Pilar Blasco‐Conesa
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Syed Mushfiqur Rahman
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Sheelu Monga
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Rodney Ritzel
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Gary Guzman
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yun‐Ju Lai
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Solomont School of NursingZuckerberg College of Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bhanu Priya Ganesh
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Akihiko Urayama
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jose Felix Moruno‐Manchon
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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24
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Liu N, Ruan J, Li H, Fu J. Nanoparticles loaded with natural medicines for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1112435. [PMID: 37877008 PMCID: PMC10590901 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that disrupts cognitive function and severely affects the quality of life. Existing drugs only improve cognitive function and provide temporary relief of symptoms but do not stop or delay disease progression. Recently, natural medicines, especially Chinese herbal medicines, have gained attention in the treatment of AD due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, conventional oral dosage forms lack brain specificity and have side effects that lead to poor patient compliance. Utilizing nanomedicine is a promising approach to improve brain specificity, bioavailability, and patient compliance. This review evaluates recent advances in the treatment of AD with nanoparticles containing various natural medicines. This review highlights that nanoparticles containing natural medicines are a promising strategy for the treatment of AD. It is believed that this technology can be translated into the clinic, thereby providing opportunities for AD patients to participate in social activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhumadian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Walther J, Kirsch EM, Hellwig L, Schmerbeck SS, Holloway PM, Buchan AM, Mergenthaler P. Reinventing the Penumbra - the Emerging Clockwork of a Multi-modal Mechanistic Paradigm. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:643-666. [PMID: 36219377 PMCID: PMC10444697 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the ischemic penumbra was originally defined as the area around a necrotic stroke core and seen as the tissue at imminent risk of further damage. Today, the penumbra is generally considered as time-sensitive hypoperfused brain tissue with decreased oxygen and glucose availability, salvageable tissue as treated by intervention, and the potential target for neuroprotection in focal stroke. The original concept entailed electrical failure and potassium release but one short of neuronal cell death and was based on experimental stroke models, later confirmed in clinical imaging studies. However, even though the basic mechanisms have translated well, conferring brain protection, and improving neurological outcome after stroke based on the pathophysiological mechanisms in the penumbra has yet to be achieved. Recent findings shape the modern understanding of the penumbra revealing a plethora of molecular and cellular pathophysiological mechanisms. We now propose a new model of the penumbra, one which we hope will lay the foundation for future translational success. We focus on the availability of glucose, the brain's central source of energy, and bioenergetic failure as core pathophysiological concepts. We discuss the relation of mitochondrial function in different cell types to bioenergetics and apoptotic cell death mechanisms, autophagy, and neuroinflammation, to glucose metabolism in what is a dynamic ischemic penumbra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Walther
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Marie Kirsch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Hellwig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah S Schmerbeck
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul M Holloway
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Philipp Mergenthaler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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26
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Li YP, Li MX, Wang C, Li YD, Sa YP, Guo Y. Bloodletting Acupuncture at Jing-Well Points on Hand Induced Autophagy to Alleviate Brain Injury in Acute Altitude Hypoxic Rats by Activating PINK1/Parkin Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:932-940. [PMID: 37434031 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect of bloodletting acupuncture at twelve Jing-well points on hand (BAJP) on acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH)-induced brain injury in rats and its possible mechanisms. METHODS Seventy-five Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups by a random number table (n=15), including control, model, BAJP, BAJP+3-methyladenine (3-MA), and bloodletting acupuncture at non-acupoint (BANA, tail tip blooding) groups. After 7-day pre-treatment, AHH models were established using hypobaric oxygen chambers. The levels of S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method were used to assess hippocampal histopathology and apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy assay was used to observe mitochondrial damage and autophagosomes in hippocampal tissues. Flow cytometry was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV activities and ATPase in hippocampal tissue were evaluated, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expressions of Beclin1, autophagy protein 5 (ATG5), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), phosphatase and tensin homolog induced kinase 1 (PINK1), and Parkin in hippocampal tissues. The mRNA expressions of Beclin1, ATG5 and LC3-II were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS BAJP treatment reduced hippocampal tissue injury and inhibited hippocampal cell apoptosis in AHH rats. BAJP reduced oxidative stress by decreasing S100B, GFAP and MDA levels and increasing SOD level in the serum of AHH rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Then, BAJP increased MMP, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV activities, and the mitochondrial ATPase activity in AHH rats (all P<0.01). BAJP improved mitochondrial swelling and increased the autophagosome number in hippocampal tissue of AHH rats. Moreover, BAJP treatment increased the protein and mRNA expressions of Beclin1 and ATG5 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in AHH rats (all P<0.01) and activated the PINK1/Parkin pathway (P<0.01). Finally, 3-MA attenuated the therapeutic effect of BAJP on AHH rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION BAJP was an effective treatment for AHH-induced brain injury, and the mechanism might be through reducing hippocampal tissue injury via increasing the PINK1/Parkin pathway and enhancement of mitochondrial autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Li
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Meng-Xin Li
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Yun-di Li
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Yu-Ping Sa
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Xie Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Liu Q, Xu J, Qin Y, He R, Yuan F, Wu T, Duan C, Jiang L, Lu H, Hu J. Targeted Delivery of RGD-CD146 +CD271 + Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promotes Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Repair after Spinal Cord Injury. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18008-18024. [PMID: 37695238 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), potentially exacerbating nerve damage and emphasizing the criticality of preserving the BSCB integrity during SCI treatment. This study explores an alternative therapeutic approach for SCI by identifying a subpopulation of exosomes with stable BSCB function and achieving a specific targeted delivery. Specific subpopulations of CD146+CD271+ umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) were isolated, from which engineered exosomes (RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos) with targeted neovascularization function were obtained through gene transfection. In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to explore the targeting and therapeutic effects of RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos and the potential mechanisms underlying BSCB stabilization and neural function recovery. The results demonstrated that RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos exhibited physical and chemical properties similar to those of regular exosomes. Notably, following intranasal administration, RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos exhibited enhanced aggregation at the SCI center and demonstrated the specific targeting of neovascular endothelial cells. In the SCI model, intranasal administration of RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos reduced Evans blue dye leakage, increased tight junction protein expression, and improved neurological function recovery. In vitro testing revealed that RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos treatment significantly reduced the permeability of bEnd.3 cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, thereby restoring the integrity of tight junctions. Moreover, further exploration of the molecular mechanism underlying BSCB stabilization by CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos identified the crucial role of the miR-501-5p/MLCK axis in this process. In conclusion, targeted delivery of RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos presents a promising and effective treatment option for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Quanbo Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Rundong He
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
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Min J, Chen Q, Pan M, Liu T, Gu Q, Zhang D, Sun R. Butylphthalide improves brain damage induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury rats through Nrf2/HO-1 and NOD2/MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2259234. [PMID: 37732403 PMCID: PMC10515692 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2259234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to irreversible brain damage with serious consequences. Activation of oxidative stress and release of inflammatory mediators are considered potential pathological mechanisms. Butylphthalide (NBP) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on I/R injuries. However, it is unclear whether NBP can effectively mitigate renal I/R secondary to brain injury as well as its mechanism, which are the aims of this study. Both renal I/R injury rats and oxygen and glucose deprivation cell models were established and pre-intervened NBP. The Morris water maze assay was used to detect behavior. Hippocampal histopathology and function were examined after renal I/R. Apoptosis and tube-forming capacity of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) were tested. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to measure protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway and NOD-like receptor C2 (NOD2)/Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. NBP treatment attenuated renal I/R-induced brain tissue damage and learning and memory dysfunction. NBP treatment inhibited apoptosis and promoted blood-brain barrier restoration and microangiogenesis. Also, it decreased oxidative stress levels and pro-inflammatory factor expression in renal I/R rats. Furthermore, NBP enhanced BMVECs' viability and tube-forming capacity while inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress. Notably, the alleviating effects of NBP were attributed to Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation and NOD2/MAPK/NF-κB inhibition. This study demonstrates that NBP maintains BBB function by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting the NOD2/MAPK/NF-κB pathway to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby alleviating renal I/R-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Min
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Mengxiong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Tan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Qun Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Ru Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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Kushwaha R, Li Y, Makarava N, Pandit NP, Molesworth K, Birukov KG, Baskakov IV. Reactive astrocytes associated with prion disease impair the blood brain barrier. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106264. [PMID: 37597815 PMCID: PMC10494928 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered to be a common feature among neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases. In prion disease, increased BBB permeability was reported 40 years ago, yet the mechanisms behind the loss of BBB integrity have never been explored. Recently, we showed that reactive astrocytes associated with prion diseases are neurotoxic. The current work examines the potential link between astrocyte reactivity and BBB breakdown. RESULTS In prion-infected mice, the loss of BBB integrity and aberrant localization of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a sign of retraction of astrocytic endfeet from blood vessels, were noticeable prior to disease onset. Gaps in cell-to-cell junctions along blood vessels, together with downregulation of Occludin, Claudin-5 and VE-cadherin, which constitute tight and adherens junctions, suggested that loss of BBB integrity is linked with degeneration of vascular endothelial cells. In contrast to cells isolated from non-infected adult mice, endothelial cells originating from prion-infected mice displayed disease-associated changes, including lower levels of Occludin, Claudin-5 and VE-cadherin expression, impaired tight and adherens junctions, and reduced trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Endothelial cells isolated from non-infected mice, when co-cultured with reactive astrocytes isolated from prion-infected animals or treated with media conditioned by the reactive astrocytes, developed the disease-associated phenotype observed in the endothelial cells from prion-infected mice. Reactive astrocytes were found to produce high levels of secreted IL-6, and treatment of endothelial monolayers originating from non-infected animals with recombinant IL-6 alone reduced their TEER. Remarkably, treatment with extracellular vesicles produced by normal astrocytes partially reversed the disease phenotype of endothelial cells isolated from prion-infected animals. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the current work is the first to illustrate early BBB breakdown in prion disease and to document that reactive astrocytes associated with prion disease are detrimental to BBB integrity. Moreover, our findings suggest that the harmful effects are linked to proinflammatory factors secreted by reactive astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Yue Li
- Lung Biology Research Program and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Natallia Makarava
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Narayan P Pandit
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Kara Molesworth
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Lung Biology Research Program and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Ilia V Baskakov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America.
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30
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Cai X, Gao C, Ma L, Li C. Genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of tight junction gene family and the immune roles of claudin5 gene in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Gene 2023:147541. [PMID: 37301449 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tight junction proteins (TJs) are important component proteins that maintaining the structure and function of TJs, connecting to each other to form a TJ complex between cells, maintaining the biological homeostasis of the internal environment. In this study, a total of 103 TJ genes were identified in turbot according to our whole-transcriptome database. Transmembrane TJs were divided into seven subfamilies, including claudin (CLDN), occludin (OCLD), tricellulin (MARVELD2), MARVEL domain containing 3 (MARVELD3), junctional adhesion molecules (JAM), immunoglobulin superfamily member 5 (IGSF5/JAM4), blood vessel epicardial substance (BVEs). Moreover, the majority of homologous pairs of TJ genes showed highly conserved alongside length, exon/intron number and motifs. As for phylogenetic analysis for 103 TJ genes, eight of them have undergone a positive selection and JAMB-like has undergone the most neutral evolution. The expression patterns of several TJ genes showed the lowest expression levels in blood, while the highest expression levels were detected in intestine, gill and skin, which all belong to mucosal tissues. Meanwhile, most examined TJ genes showed down-regulated expression patterns during bacterial infection, while several TJ genes exhibited up-regulated expression patterns at a later stage (24 h). At the same time, several potential candidate genes (such as CLDN-15, CLDN-3, CLDN-12, CLDN-5 and OCLD) were significantly down-regulated, which may indicate their important functions that involved in the regulation of bacterial infection. Currently, there is little research on CLDN5 in the intestine, but it is highly expressed in the intestine and has significant changes in intestinal expression after bacterial infection. Thus, we knocked down CLDN5 by the method of lentiviral infection. The result showed CLDN5 was related to cell migration (wound healing) and apoptosis, and the method of dualluciferasereporterassay showed that the functions of CLDN5 could be regulated by miR-24. The study of TJs may lead to a better understanding of the function of TJs in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cai
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Le Ma
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Chen YX, Yang H, Wang DS, Yao YT, Chen TT, Tao L, Chen Y, Shen XC. Gastrodin relieves cognitive impairment by regulating autophagy via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vascular dementia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:246-254. [PMID: 37307708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most common type of dementia, is attributed to lower cerebral blood flow. To date, there is still no available clinical treatment for VaD. The phenolic glucoside gastrodin (GAS) is known for its neuroprotective effects, but the role and mechanisms of action on VD remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the neuroprotective role and underlying mechanisms of GAS on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-mediated VaD rats and hypoxia-induced injury of HT22 cells. The study showed that GAS relieved learning and memory deficits, ameliorated hippocampus histological lesions in VaD rats. Additionally, GAS down-regulated LC3II/I, Beclin-1 levels and up-regulated P62 level in VaD rats and hypoxia-injured HT22 cells. Notably, GAS rescued the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins expression, which regulates autophagy. Mechanistic studies verify that YP-740, a PI3K agonist, significantly resulted in inhibition of excessive autophagy and apoptosis with no significant differences were observed in the YP-740 and GAS co-treatment. Meantime, we found that LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, substantially abolished GAS-mediated neuroprotection. These results revealed that the effects of GAS on VaD are related to stimulating PI3K/AKT pathway-mediated autophagy, suggesting a potentially beneficial therapeutic strategy for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550003, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Da-Song Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550003, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Salimi L, Seyedaghamiri F, Karimipour M, Mobarak H, Mardi N, Taghavi M, Rahbarghazi R. Physiological and pathological consequences of exosomes at the blood-brain-barrier interface. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:118. [PMID: 37208741 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) interface with multicellular structure controls strictly the entry of varied circulating macromolecules from the blood-facing surface into the brain parenchyma. Under several pathological conditions within the central nervous system, the integrity of the BBB interface is disrupted due to the abnormal crosstalk between the cellular constituents and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Exosomes (Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles with diverse therapeutic outcomes. These particles transfer a plethora of signaling molecules with the potential to modulate target cell behavior in a paracrine manner. Here, in the current review article, the therapeutic properties of Exos and their potential in the alleviation of compromised BBB structure were discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salimi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Seyedaghamiri
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Fang M, Liu J, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhu J, Lin Z. Chloroquine Protects Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Neonatal Brain Injury in Rats by Mitigating Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1764-1773. [PMID: 37116216 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (H/I) brain damage (HIBD) is a devastating condition for which there are presently no effective therapeutic strategies against its severe neurological deficits in neonates and young children. Traditionally, H/I induces the compromise of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which causes neuronal cell death, eventually resulting in brain secondary injury. In addition to neonatal HIBD, chloroquine (CQ) has been proved to exert a protective effect on BBB disruption in several brain injury models. The main purpose of this research was to study whether CQ protects the BBB from H/I insult and confers beneficial neuroprotection in the neonatal Rice-Vannucci rat model. Herein, we reported that CQ administration significantly reduced brain damage and improved behavioral dysplasia after H/I injury. Moreover, we demonstrated the protective effects of CQ on BBB integrity, evidenced by ameliorating brain edema and Evans blue extravasation, inhibiting the degeneration of the tight junction and adherens junction proteins, and improving pericyte survival in neonatal rats after HIBD. These findings indicated that CQ administration protected the BBB against H/I injury, thereby ameliorating brain damage and promoting neurofunctional recovery. Collectively, our data demonstrated that CQ played a crucial role in BBB integrity after neonatal H/I injury, which sheds light on the development of therapeutic agents to treat HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yueqi Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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Guo X, Liu R, Jia M, Wang Q, Wu J. Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induced Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction and the Involved Molecular Mechanism. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03923-x. [PMID: 37017889 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is characterized by the abrupt failure of blood flow to a specific brain region, resulting in insufficient supply of oxygen and glucose to the ischemic tissues. Timely reperfusion of blood flow can rescue dying tissue but can also lead to secondary damage to both the infarcted tissues and the blood-brain barrier, known as ischemia/reperfusion injury. Both primary and secondary damage result in biphasic opening of the blood-brain barrier, leading to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic edema. Importantly, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and microglial activation are critical factors that worsen stroke outcomes. Activated microglia secrete numerous cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory factors during neuroinflammation, contributing to the second opening of the blood-brain barrier and worsening the outcome of ischemic stroke. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and other microglia-derived molecules have been shown to be involved in the breakdown of blood-brain barrier. Additionally, other non-microglia-derived molecules such as RNA, HSPs, and transporter proteins also participate in the blood-brain barrier breakdown process after ischemic stroke, either in the primary damage stage directly influencing tight junction proteins and endothelial cells, or in the secondary damage stage participating in the following neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular components of the blood-brain barrier and concludes the association of microglia-derived and non-microglia-derived molecules with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Meng Jia
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China.
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Salminen A. Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in Alzheimer's disease: role of tryptophan metabolites generated by gut host-microbiota. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:201-222. [PMID: 36757399 PMCID: PMC10036442 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota in interaction with intestinal host tissues influences many brain functions and microbial dysbiosis has been linked with brain disorders, such as neuropsychiatric conditions and Alzheimer's disease (AD). L-tryptophan metabolites and short-chained fatty acids (SCFA) are major messengers in the microbiota-brain axis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) are main targets of tryptophan metabolites in brain microvessels which possess an enriched expression of AhR protein. The Ah receptor is an evolutionarily conserved, ligand-activated transcription factor which is not only a sensor of xenobiotic toxins but also a pleiotropic regulator of both developmental processes and age-related tissue degeneration. Major microbiota-produced tryptophan metabolites involve indole derivatives, e.g., indole 3-pyruvic acid, indole 3-acetaldehyde, and indoxyl sulfate, whereas indoleamine and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases (IDO/TDO) of intestine host cells activate the kynurenine (KYN) pathway generating KYN metabolites, many of which are activators of AhR signaling. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the serum level of indoxyl sulfate which promotes AD pathogenesis, e.g., it disrupts integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and impairs cognitive functions. Activation of AhR signaling disturbs vascular homeostasis in brain; (i) it controls blood flow via the renin-angiotensin system, (ii) it inactivates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thus impairing NO production and vasodilatation, and (iii) it induces oxidative stress, stimulates inflammation, promotes cellular senescence, and enhances calcification of vascular walls. All these alterations are evident in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in AD pathology. Moreover, AhR signaling can disturb circadian regulation and probably affect glymphatic flow. It seems plausible that dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs the integrity of BBB via the activation of AhR signaling and thus aggravates AD pathology. KEY MESSAGES: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Tryptophan metabolites are major messengers from the gut host-microbiota to brain. Tryptophan metabolites activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in brain. The expression of AhR protein is enriched in brain microvessels and blood-brain barrier. Tryptophan metabolites disturb brain vascular integrity via AhR signaling. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes inflammation and AD pathology via AhR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
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Shi Q, Li S, Lyu Q, Zhang S, Bai Y, Ma J. Hypoxia Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression and Cell Proliferation in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells via the miR-212-3p/MCM2 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032788. [PMID: 36769104 PMCID: PMC9917047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia impairs blood-brain barrier (BBB) structure and function, causing pathophysiological changes in the context of stroke and high-altitude brain edema. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are major structural and functional elements of the BBB, and their exact role in hypoxia remains unknown. Here, we first deciphered the molecular events that occur in BMECs under 24 h hypoxia by whole-transcriptome sequencing assay. We found that hypoxia inhibited BMEC cell cycle progression and proliferation and downregulated minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (Mcm2) expression. Mcm2 overexpression attenuated the inhibition of cell cycle progression and proliferation caused by hypoxia. Then, we predicted the upstream miRNAs of MCM2 through TargetScan and miRanDa and selected miR-212-3p, whose expression was significantly increased under hypoxia. Moreover, the miR-212-3p inhibitor attenuated the inhibition of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation caused by hypoxia by regulating MCM2. Taken together, these results suggest that the miR-212-3p/MCM2 axis plays an important role in BMECs under hypoxia and provide a potential target for the treatment of BBB disorder-related cerebrovascular disease.
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Tang J, Li Y, Liu X, Yu G, Zheng F, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Shao W, Wu S, Li H. Cobalt induces neurodegenerative damages through impairing autophagic flux by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α triggered ROS overproduction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159432. [PMID: 36243078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt is an environmental toxicant, and excessive bodily exposure can damage the nervous system. Particularly, our previous study reported that low-dose cobalt (significantly less than the safety threshold) is still able to induce neurodegenerative changes. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still insufficient revealed. Herein, we further investigate the molecular mechanism between cobalt-induced neurodegeneration and autophagy, as well as explore the interplay between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and autophagy in cobalt-exposed mice and human neuroglioma cells. We first reveal cobalt as an environmental toxicant to severely induce β amyloid (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and dysregulated autophagy in the hippocampus and cortex of mice. In particular, we further identify that cobalt-induced neurotoxicity is triggered by the impairment of autophagic flux in vitro experiments. Moreover, the mechanistic study reveals that cobalt exposure extremely activates HIF-1α expression to facilitate the overproduction of ROS. Then, elevated ROS can target the amino-threonine kinase (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling pathway to participate in cobalt-induced impairment of autophagic flux. Subsequently, defected autophagy further exacerbates cobalt-induced neurotoxicity for its unable to eliminate the deposition of pathological protein. Therefore, our data provide scientific evidence for cobalt safety evaluation and risk assessment and propose a breakthrough for understanding the regulatory relationship between HIF-1α, ROS, and autophagy in cobalt-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Fu K, Xu W, Lenahan C, Mo Y, Wen J, Deng T, Huang Q, Guo F, Mo L, Yan J. Autophagy regulates inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: Enemy or friend? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1036313. [PMID: 36726453 PMCID: PMC9884704 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1036313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second-largest stroke subtype and has a high mortality and disability rate. Secondary brain injury (SBI) is delayed after ICH. The main contributors to SBI are inflammation, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. Harmful substances from blood and hemolysis, such as hemoglobin, thrombin, and iron, induce SBI. When cells suffer stress, a critical protective mechanism called "autophagy" help to maintain the homeostasis of damaged cells, remove harmful substances or damaged organelles, and recycle them. Autophagy plays a critical role in the pathology of ICH, and its function remains controversial. Several lines of evidence demonstrate a pro-survival role for autophagy in ICH by facilitating the removal of damaged proteins and organelles. However, many studies have found that heme and iron can aggravate SBI by enhancing autophagy. Autophagy and inflammation are essential culprits in the progression of brain injury. It is a fascinating hypothesis that autophagy regulates inflammation in ICH-induced SBI. Autophagy could degrade and clear pro-IL-1β and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) to antagonize NLRP3-mediated inflammation. In addition, mitophagy can remove endogenous activators of inflammasomes, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory components, and cytokines, in damaged mitochondria. However, many studies support the idea that autophagy activates microglia and aggravates microglial inflammation via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. In addition, autophagy can promote ICH-induced SBI through inflammasome-dependent NLRP6-mediated inflammation. Moreover, some resident cells in the brain are involved in autophagy in regulating inflammation after ICH. Some compounds or therapeutic targets that regulate inflammation by autophagy may represent promising candidates for the treatment of ICH-induced SBI. In conclusion, the mutual regulation of autophagy and inflammation in ICH is worth exploring. The control of inflammation by autophagy will hopefully prove to be an essential treatment target for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijing Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Yong Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Rheumatism, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Teng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Qianrong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Fangzhou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ligen Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China,Ligen Mo,
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Jun Yan,
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Wang C, Wu N, Pei B, Ma X, Yang W. Claudin and pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1136227. [PMID: 36959784 PMCID: PMC10027734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of timely and accurate screening modalities and treatments, most pancreatic cancer (PCa) patients undergo fatal PCa progression within a short period since diagnosis. The claudin(CLDN) family is expressed specifically as tight junction structure in a variety of tumors, including PCa, and affects tumor progression by changing the cell junctions. Thus far, many of the 27 members of the claudin family, including claudin-18.2 and claudin-4, have significantly aberrantly expression in pancreatic tumors. In addition, some studies have confirmed the role of some claudin proteins in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tumors. By targeting different targets of claudin protein and combining chemotherapy, further enhance tumor cell necrosis and inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. Claudins can either promote or inhibit the development of pancreatic cancer, which indicates that the diagnosis and treatment of different kinds of claudins require to consider different biological characteristics. This literature summarizes the functional characteristics and clinical applications of various claudin proteins in Pca cells, with a focus on claudin-18.2 and claudin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Beibei Pei
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhui Yang,
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He Z, Du J, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Huang Q, Zhou Q, Wu M, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Cai Y, Ye K, Wang X, Zhang Y, Han Q, Xiao J. Kruppel-like factor 2 contributes to blood-spinal cord barrier integrity and functional recovery from spinal cord injury by augmenting autophagic flux. Theranostics 2023; 13:849-866. [PMID: 36632224 PMCID: PMC9830435 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced defects in autophagy and autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) may contribute to endothelial barrier disruption following injury. Recently, Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) was reported as a key molecular switch on regulating autophagy. Whether KLF2 coordinates endothelial endothelial ALP in SCI is not known. Methods: Genetic manipulations of KLF2 were performed in bEnd.3 cells and SCI model. Western blot, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining and Lyso-Tracker Red staining, Evans blue dye extravasation, behavioral assessment via Basso mouse scale (BMS), electrophysiology and footprint analysis were performed. Results: In SCI, autophagy flux disruption in endothelial cells contributes to TJ proteins degradation, leading to blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) impairment. Furthermore, the KLF2 level was decreased in SCI, overexpression of which alleviated TJ proteins loss and BSCB damage, which improve motor function recovery in SCI mice, while knockdown of KLF2 displayed the opposite effects. At the molecular level, KLF2 overexpression alleviated the TJ proteins degradation and the endothelial permeability by tuning the ALP dysfunction caused by SCI and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Conclusions: Endothelial KLF2 as one of the key contributors to SCI-mediated ALP dysfunction and BSCB disruption. KLF2 could be a promising pharmacological target for the management and treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili He
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiqing Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yitie Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qingwei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yao Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yuepiao Cai
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Keyong Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051 China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Pingyang Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Mokhtari T, Shayan M, Rezaei Rashnudi A, Hassanzadeh G, Mehran Nia K. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells attenuate global hypoxia-induced learning and memory impairment via preventing blood-brain barrier breakdown. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1053-1060. [PMID: 37605722 PMCID: PMC10440140 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.70137.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may improve the function and structure of blood-brain barrier (BBB), possibly by preserving the BBB integrity. This study examined the impact of Wharton's jelly (WJ)-MSCs on cognitive dysfunction and BBB disruption following a protracted hypoxic state. Materials and Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly studied in four groups: Control (Co): Healthy animals, Sham (Sh): Rats were placed in the cage without hypoxia induction and with ICV injection of vehicle, Hypoxic (Hx)+vehicle: Hypoxic rats with ICV injection of vehicle (5 μl of PBS), and Hx+MSCs: Hypoxic rats with ICV injection of MSCs. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated one week after WJ-MSCs injection, and then animals were sacrificed for molecular research. Results Hypoxia increased latency and lowered the time and distance required reaching the target quarter, according to the findings. Furthermore, hypoxic rats had lower gene expression and protein levels of hippocampus vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, claudin 5, and tricellulin gene expression than Co and Sh animals (P<0.05). Finally, administering WJ-MSCs after long-term hypoxia effectively reversed the cognitive deficits and prevented the BBB breakdown via the upregulation of VE-cadherin, claudin 5, and tricellulin genes (P<0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that prolonged hypoxia induces spatial learning and memory dysfunction and increases BBB disruption, the potential mechanism of which might be via reducing VE-cadherin, claudin 5, and tricellulin genes. Hence, appropriate treatment with WJ-MSCs could reverse ischemia adverse effects and protect the BBB integrity following prolonged hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maryam Shayan
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Mehran Nia
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yin H, Yang R, Xin Y, Jiang T, Zhong D. In-hospital mortality and SpO2 incritical care patients with cerebral injury: data from the MIMIC‑IV Database. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:386. [PMID: 36510130 PMCID: PMC9743499 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the relationship between in-hospital mortality and SpO2 was low oxygen saturations are often thought to be harmful, new research in patients with brain damage has found that high oxygen saturation actually enhances mortality. However, there is currently no clear study to point out the appropriate range for oxygen saturation in patients with craniocerebral diseases. METHODS: By screening all patients in the MIMIC IV database, 3823 patients with craniocerebral diseases (according to ICD-9 codes and ICD-10) were selected, and non-linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between in-hospital mortality and oxygen saturation. Covariates for all patients included age, weight, diagnosis, duration of ICU stay, duration of oxygen therapy, etc. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality in patients with TBI and SAH was kept to a minimum when oxygen saturation was in the 94-96 range. And in all patients, the relationship between oxygen saturation and in-hospital mortality was U-shaped. Subgroup analysis of the relationship between oxygen saturation and mortality in patients with metabolic encephalopathy and other encephalopathy also draws similar conclusions In-hospital mortality and oxygen saturation were all U-shaped in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, metabolic and toxic encephalopathy, cerebral infarction, and other encephalopathy, but the nonlinear regression was statistically significant only in patients with cerebral infarction (p for nonlinearity = 0.002). CONCLUSION Focusing too much on the lower limit of oxygen saturation and ignoring too high oxygen saturation can also lead to increase in-hospital mortality. For patients with TBI and SAH, maintaining oxygen saturation at 94-96% will minimize the in-hospital mortality of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Yin
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Xin
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Zhong
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Hua Y, Zhai Y, Wang G, Wang N, Wu Q, Huang Q, Seto S, Wang Y. Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue decoction activates PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to reduce BMECs autophagy after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115585. [PMID: 35921993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue Decoction (TQHXD) is a traditional classic Chinese Medicinal Formula (CMF) used for clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. TQHXD leads to improvement in the symptoms of the acute period of cerebral infarction and recovery period after stroke. Our previous studies also showed that TQHXD produced a significant protective effect on the brain after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is reported that autophagy is closely related to ischemic brain injury; however, the functional contribution of TQHXD to brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) autophagy and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of TQHXD in inhibiting cerebral ischemia-induced endothelial autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of the chemical constituents from TQHXD was established for the quality control, and the Longa method was used to evaluate the efficacy of TQHXD in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The expression of LC3 was determined by immunofluorescence double staining. To evaluate the protective effects of TQHXD-containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on BMECs injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion, cell survival rate was determined using the CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis was determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Annexin V/PI. Autophagy was detected using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The results showed that TQHXD-CSF significantly ameliorated oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced injury in BMECs. Confocal microscopy and Western blot results showed that TQHXD-CSF reduced autophagy-related protein expression and autophagosome number. The results of the western blotting indicated that TQHXD-CSF caused a marked increase in the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and phosphoinsotide-3 kinase (Akt/p-Akt and PI3K/p-PI3K, respectively) and their expression levels were down-regulated after treatment with pathway inhibitor, ZSTK474. Furthermore, in a MCAO model in rats, TQHXD markedly increased p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR, whereas the autophagy related proteins decreased. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TQHXD protects against ischemic insult by inhibiting autophagy through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and that TQHXD may have therapeutic value for protecting BMECs from cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hua
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Yan Zhai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Guangyun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Saiwang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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DJ-1 activates the AMPK/mTOR pathway by binding RACK1 to induce autophagy and protect the myocardium from ischemia/hypoxia injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:276-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xue Y, Wang X, Wan B, Wang D, Li M, Cheng K, Luo Q, Wang D, Lu Y, Zhu L. Caveolin-1 accelerates hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction in high-altitude cerebral edema. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:160. [PMID: 36253854 PMCID: PMC9575296 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a serious and potentially fatal brain injury that is caused by acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure. Vasogenic edema is the main pathological factor of this condition. Hypoxia-induced disruptions of tight junctions in the endothelium trigger blood‒brain barrier (BBB) damage and induce vasogenic edema. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) acts as a major regulator of hypoxia-induced endothelial cell injury, and caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is upregulated as its downstream gene in hypoxic endothelial cells. This study aimed to investigate whether CAV-1 is involved in HACE progression and the underlying mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 mice were exposed to HH (7600 m above sea level) for 24 h, and BBB injury was assessed by brain water content, Evans blue staining and FITC-dextran leakage. Immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscope, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), transcytosis assays, and western blotting were performed to confirm the role and underlying mechanism of CAV-1 in the disruption of tight junctions and BBB permeability. Mice or bEnd.3 cells were pretreated with MβCD, a specific blocker of CAV-1, and the effect of CAV-1 on claudin-5 internalization under hypoxic conditions was detected by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and TEER. The expression of NRF1 was knocked down, and the regulation of CAV-1 by NRF1 under hypoxic conditions was examined by qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Results The BBB was severely damaged and was accompanied by a significant loss of vascular tight junction proteins in HACE mice. CAV-1 was significantly upregulated in endothelial cells, and claudin-5 explicitly colocalized with CAV-1. During the in vitro experiments, hypoxia increased cell permeability, CAV-1 expression, and claudin-5 internalization and downregulated tight junction proteins. Simultaneously, hypoxia induced the upregulation of CAV-1 by activating NRF1. Blocking CAV-1-mediated intracellular transport improved the integrity of TJs in hypoxic endothelial cells and effectively inhibited the increase in BBB permeability and brain water content in HH animals. Conclusions Hypoxia upregulated CAV-1 transcription via the activation of NRF1 in endothelial cells, thus inducing the internalization and autophagic degradation of claudin-5. These effects lead to the destruction of the BBB and trigger HACE. Therefore, CAV-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for HACE. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00976-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, China.,Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Baolan Wan
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Kang Cheng
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yapeng Lu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
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Glaesserella parasuis serotype 5 breaches the porcine respiratory epithelial barrier by inducing autophagy and blocking the cell membrane Claudin-1 replenishment. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010912. [PMID: 36228044 PMCID: PMC9595547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis), the primary pathogen of Glässer's disease, colonizes the upper respiratory tract and can break through the epithelial barrier of the respiratory tract, leading to lung infection. However, the underlying mechanisms for this adverse effect remain unclear. The G. parasuis serotype 5 SQ strain (HPS5-SQ) infection decreased the integrity of piglets' lung Occludin and Claudin-1. Autophagy regulates the function of the epithelial barrier and tight junction proteins (TJs) expression. We tested the hypothesis that HPS5-SQ breaking through the porcine respiratory epithelial barrier was linked to autophagy and Claudin-1 degradation. When HPS5-SQ infected swine tracheal epithelial cells (STEC), autophagosomes encapsulated, and autolysosomes degraded oxidatively stressed mitochondria covered with Claudin-1. Furthermore, we found that autophagosomes encapsulating mitochondria resulted in cell membrane Claudin-1 being unable to be replenished after degradation and damaged the respiratory tract epithelial barrier. In conclusion, G. parasuis serotype 5 breaks through the porcine respiratory epithelial barrier by inducing autophagy and interrupting cell membrane Claudin-1 replenishment, clarifying the mechanism of the G. parasuis infection and providing a new potential target for drug design and vaccine development.
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Zhang T, Wang L, Pan Y, He H, Wang J, Zhao T, Ding T, Wang Y, Zhao L, Han X, Fan J, Xu G, Cui Y, Yu S. Effect of rapamycin treatment on oocyte in vitro maturation and embryonic development after parthenogenesis in yaks. Theriogenology 2022; 193:128-135. [PMID: 36162289 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryonic development and rapamycin is well known for inducing autophagy. Although previous studies have reported the effects of rapamycin on oocytes in vitro maturation (IVM) in different species, few studies have been reported on the role of rapamycin in yak oocytes IVM and embryonic development. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of rapamycin treatment on yak oocytes IVM and early embryonic development. Specifically, immature yak oocytes during IVM or parthenogenetic (PA) embryos were treated with different rapamycin concentrations to select an optimal dose. Then evaluated its effect on maturation rates, cleavage, and blastocyst formation rates, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS levels. Related genes and proteins expression in matured oocytes and blastocysts were also evaluated. The results show that 10 nM rapamycin treatment during IVM significantly improved oocyte maturation rates of oocytes and blastocyst formation rates. Treatment with 10 nM rapamycin reduced ROS level but increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Correspondingly, mRNA and protein expressions of LC3, Beclin-1, and Bcl-2 up-regulated while Bax down-regulated in matured yak COCs. When parthenogenetic embryos were treated with different rapamycin concentrations, 10 nM rapamycin treatment showed higher 8-cell and blastocyst formation rates. Also, CDX2, POU5F1, SOX2, and Nanog levels in blastocysts were upregulated. In summary, our findings demonstrate that rapamycin treatment improves oocytes maturation probably by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing ROS levels, and regulating the apoptosis in mature yak oocytes. Rapamycin treatment also improves embryonic developmental competence in the yak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, China
| | - Honghong He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangfeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, China
| | - Gengquan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, China.
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Sun D, Liu K, Li Y, Xie T, Zhang M, Liu Y, Tong H, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Liu H, Fang J, Chen X. Intrinsically Bioactive Manganese-Eumelanin Nanocomposites Mediated Antioxidation and Anti-Neuroinflammation for Targeted Theranostics of Traumatic Brain Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200517. [PMID: 35695187 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Overproduced reactive oxygen species and the induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation often result in secondary injury, which is associated with unfavorable prognosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Unfortunately, current medications cannot effectively ameliorate the secondary injury at traumatic sites. Here, it is reported that intrinsically bioactive multifunctional nanocomposites (ANG-MnEMNPs-Cur, AMEC) mediate antioxidation and anti-neuroinflammation for targeted TBI theranostics, which are engineered by loading the neuroprotective agent curcumin on angiopep-2 functionalized and manganese doped eumelanin-like nanoparticles. After intravenous delivery, efficient AMEC accumulation is observed in lesions of TBI mice models established by controlled cortical impact method, evidenced by T1 -T2 magnetic resonance and photoacoustic dual-modal imaging. Therapeutically, AMEC effectively alleviates neuroinflammation, protects blood-brain barrier integrity, relieves brain edema, reduces brain tissue loss, and improves the cognition of TBI mice. Mechanistically, following the penetration into the traumatic tissues via angiopep-2 mediated targeting effect, the efficacy of AMEC is synergistically improved by combined functional moieties of curcumin and eumelanin. This is achieved by the alleviation of oxidative stress, inhibition of neuroinflammation via M1-to-M2 macrophage reprogramming, and promotion of neuronal regeneration. The as-developed AMEC with well-defined mechanisms of action may represent a promising targeted theranostics strategy for TBI and other neuroinflammation-associated intracranial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Kaijun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610044, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haipeng Tong
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Foreign Languages, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400039, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Jingqin Fang
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, 400042, China
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Li YC, Li Y, Zhang YN, Zhao Q, Zhang PL, Sun MR, Liu BL, Yang H, Li P. Muscone and (+)-Borneol Cooperatively Strengthen CREB Induction of Claudin 5 in IL-1 β-Induced Endothelium Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081455. [PMID: 35892657 PMCID: PMC9394259 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin 5 is one of the major proteins of tight junctions and is responsible for cerebrovascular integrity and BBB function. Muscone and (+)-borneol is the major ingredient of moschus and borneolum, respectively, with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated whether muscone and (+)-borneol combination protected claudin 5 by targeting ROS-mediated IL-1β accumulation. Muscone and (+)-borneol reduced cerebral infarct volume and cerebrovascular leakage with claudin 5 protection in mice after stroke, largely due to inhibiting ROS accumulation and inflammatory infiltrate of microglia. Muscone reduced ROS and then blocked the CaN/Erk1/2 pathway to decrease IL-1β release, while (+)-borneol removed mitochondrial ROS and attenuated the SDH/Hif-1α pathway to inhibit IL-1β transcription, thereby jointly reducing IL-1β production. Accumulated IL-1β disrupted cAMP/CREB activation and attenuated transcriptional regulation of claudin 5. Muscone and (+)-borneol combination cooperatively protected BBB function by blocking IL-1β-mediated cAMP/CREB/claudin 5 cascades. Mutation of Ser133 site of CREB or knockdown of claudin 5 weakened the effects of muscone and (+)-borneol on upregulation of TEER value and downregulation of FITC-dextran permeability, suggesting that targeting CREB/claudin 5 was an important strategy to protect vascular integrity. This study provided ideas for the studies of synergistic protection against ischemic brain injury about the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Li
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (P.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-25-8327-1379 (P.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Li
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (P.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-25-8327-1379 (P.L.)
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50
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Lannes-Costa PS, Pimentel BADS, Nagao PE. Role of Caveolin-1 in Sepsis – A Mini-Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902907. [PMID: 35911737 PMCID: PMC9334647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a generalized disease characterized by an extreme response to a severe infection. Moreover, challenges remain in the diagnosis, treatment and management of septic patients. In this mini-review we demonstrate developments on cellular pathogenesis and the role of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in sepsis. Studies have shown that Cav-1 has a significant role in sepsis through the regulation of membrane traffic and intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, activation of apoptosis/autophagy is considered relevant for the progression and development of sepsis. However, how Cav-1 is involved in sepsis remains unclear, and the precise mechanisms need to be further investigated. Finally, the role of Cav-1 in altering cell permeability during inflammation, in sepsis caused by microorganisms, apoptosis/autophagy activation and new therapies under study are discussed in this mini-review.
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