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Wu J, Olsson T, Alfredsson L, Hedström AK. Association between sun exposure habits and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16269. [PMID: 38440929 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Higher latitude has been associated with increased occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and with more severe disease. The aim was to study the impact of sun exposure habits on MS disease progression and health-related quality of life. METHODS Patients from a population-based case-control study were categorized based on sun exposure habits at diagnosis and were followed up to 15 years post-diagnosis through the Swedish MS registry (n = 3314) with regard to changes in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Linear mixed models were used to analyse long-term changes, while Cox regression models, with 95% confidence intervals, were used to investigate outcomes, including 24-week confirmed diasability worsening, EDSS3, EDSS4, and physical worsening as measured by the physical component of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29. RESULTS Compared to average sun exposure (median value), low exposure to sunlight was associated with faster EDSS progression, increased risk of confirmed disability worsening (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48, 95% CI 1.21-1.81), increased risk of reaching EDSS 3 (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.79), EDSS 4 (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01-2.20) and self-reported physical worsening (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.00-1.62). Significant trends revealed a lower risk of unfavourable outcomes with increasing sun exposure. CONCLUSIONS Very low levels of sun exposure are associated with worse disease progression and health-related quality of life in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Nourmohammadi F, Gómez-Martín MB. Benefits of applying hourly resolution in the assessment of the climate aptitude to manage tourist activities in arid regions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02685-7. [PMID: 38661946 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The availability of reliable information on local climatic-tourism conditions is a growing need due to the influence it exerts on the quality of the organizational strategy of tourist destination's, and travel experience. Evaluations of the tourism potential of the climate have been carried out on a daily or monthly resolution, thus limiting the collection of detailed information that makes it possible to fine-tune tourism management and operational decision-making on an intraday scale. This research is the first case study to analyse the climatic suitability for nature tourism, using the weather types method at hourly resolution. The study applies to arid tourist destinations in Isfahan province (Iran). The detailed resolution has made it possible to identify the time slots favourable to the development of nature tourism in those periods of the year recognized as critical in the daily resolution analyses. In the same way, the hourly resolution has also identified critical bands in those periods indicated as favourable in the evaluations to daily resolution. The hourly resolution provides detailed information that can allow tourists and also tourism managers to establish intraday adaptation strategies that make it possible to develop the activity even in places with extreme climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nourmohammadi
- Department of Geography, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, Barcelona, 08001, Spain
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3
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Puthran SV, Biswas S, Karthikeyan SK, Thomas J. Association of sunlight exposure with visual impairment in an Indian fishing community. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2409-2415. [PMID: 37322650 PMCID: PMC10417968 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2088_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Indian fishermen belong to a marginalized population and are continuously exposed to extreme occupational hazards and sunlight. A high prevalence of visual impairment (VI) is reported in the coastal fishing community. We aimed to investigate the association between VI and sunlight exposure measurement (SEM). Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, 270 eyes of 135 participants were enrolled from a coastal fishing village. Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, which included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and anterior and posterior segment examination. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and SEM questionnaire were administered to estimate the level of dry eye and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exposure, respectively. VI was defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] > 0.3). Results The mean age and spherical equivalent were 50.56 ± 11.72 years (range: 18-80 years) and 0.36 ± 1.68 diopters (D) (range: -7.0 to +3.0 D), respectively. Age, SEM, OSDI, fishing as an occupation, and cataract were significantly associated with higher odds of VI in univariate analysis. Refraction, gender, education level, smoking status, amblyopia, systematic, and other ocular diseases were not significantly associated with VI. In the multivariate analysis, age, SEM, and presence of cataract remained significantly associated with a higher risk for VI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for age and SEM scores demonstrate a fair index of discrimination for the detection of VI. Conclusion SEM level is directly associated with a higher risk of VI among fishermen. The fishing community might benefit from regular eye examinations and awareness about the harmful effects of sunlight exposure and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetha V Puthran
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sayantan Biswas
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharth K Karthikeyan
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyothi Thomas
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Lech JC, Halma MT, Obajuluwa AO, Baker M, Hamblin MR. Fiat Lux: Light and Pedagogy for the 21st Century. Ann Neurosci 2023; 30:133-142. [PMID: 37706102 PMCID: PMC10496794 DOI: 10.1177/09727531221136646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between the quality of the learning environment and student outcomes is receiving more serious attention from educational psychologists, neurologists, ophthalmologists, orthopedists, surgeons, oncologists, architects, ergonomists, nutritionists, and Michelin star chefs. There is a role for ergonomic office and school design to positively impact worker and student productivity, and one design attribute drawing attention is the indoor lit environment. In this review, we expand upon the role that light plays in education, as it has enabled millions of pupils to read at late hours, which were previously too dark. However, still unappreciated is the biological effects of artificial light on circadian rhythm and its subsequent impacts on health and learning outcomes. Summary This review describes the current state of light in the educational environment, its impact, and the effect of certain inexpensive and easy-to-implement adaptations to better support student growth, learning and development. We find that the current lighting environment for pupils is sub-optima based on biological mechanism and may be improved through cost effective interventions. These interventions can achieve greater biological harmonization and improve learner outcomes. Key Message The impact of the lighting environment in educational institutions on pupil biology has received minimal attention thus far. The current lighting environment in schools is not conducive to student health and educational performance. Cost-effective approaches can have an outsized impact on student health and educational attainment. We strongly recommend educational institutions take the lit environment into account when designing educational programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Lech
- * These authors share joint first authorship
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- National Research Foundation, South Africa
- International EMF Project & Optical Radiation, World Health Organization, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Matthew T.J. Halma
- * These authors share joint first authorship
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adejoke O. Obajuluwa
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Olusegun Obasanjo Way, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Malcolm Baker
- † Passed away June 16, 2021
- Department of Neurology, 1 Military Hospital, Pretoria, Department of Defence, South Africa Military Health Service Pretoria
- Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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Brzeszczyńska J, Brzeszczyński F. Benefit of sunlight and melatonin on back pain and inflammation. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:199-201. [PMID: 37051814 PMCID: PMC10032241 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.123.bjr-2023-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(3):199–201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzeszczyńska
- Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Joanna Brzeszczyńska. E-mail:
| | - Filip Brzeszczyński
- Department of Endocrine, General and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Oliver SL, Santana KV, Ribeiro H. The Effect of Sunlight Exposure on Vitamin D Status in Countries of Low and High Latitudes: A Systematic Literature Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:1-13. [PMID: 36522570 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To conduct a systematic review of studies to investigate the association between climate and vitamin D in humans. RECENT FINDINGS There is growing interest in the association between the environment and vitamin D, but robust methods to understand this relationship are lacking. Studies focus mainly on seasonality and latitude. Research quantifying sunlight exposure necessary for adequate vitamin D synthesis in people with darker skin color and those people living at low latitudes are scarce, as are studies in urban populations that may have limited opportunity for sunlight exposure. There are gaps regarding values and timing of exposure to UV radiation required for adequate vitamin D synthesis considering skin color, geography, climate, and local irradiation. Nature-based solutions (NbS) that can mitigate climate change will become increasingly important for preventing hypovitaminosis D. For example, tree-shaded spaces might encourage more participation in outside activities and thereby favor vitamin D synthesis by the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lizarralde Oliver
- Department of Environmental Health, PhD Global Health and Sustainability Program, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brasil
| | - Keila Valente Santana
- Department of Environmental Health, PhD Global Health and Sustainability Program, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brasil
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Health, PhD Global Health and Sustainability Program, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brasil.
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Park G, Cui YH, Yang S, Sun M, Wilkinson E, Li H, Zhang YB, Chen J, Bissonnette M, Lin W, He YY. Moderate Low UVB Irradiation Modulates Tumor-associated Macrophages and Dendritic Cells and Promotes Antitumor Immunity in Tumor-bearing Mice. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:850-856. [PMID: 35962531 PMCID: PMC9884319 DOI: 10.1111/php.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Excessive, high doses of ultraviolet B (UVB) UVB irradiation are known to cause skin cancer, aging and immunosuppression. On the contrary, moderate low doses of UVB irradiation are shown to be essential and beneficial to human health, including a tumor-suppressive effect. However, the mechanism by which low levels of UVB suppress tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, using tumor-bearing mouse models, we show that moderate low repetitive UVB irradiation increases the percentage of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD103+ conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s), while it decreases the number of immunosuppressive, M2-like macrophages in the tumors. Finally, in mice, deletion of Batf3, a transcription factor critical for the development of conventional dendritic cells, including the CD103+ cDC1s, showed increased tumor growth in both sham- and UVB-irradiated mice. Our findings demonstrate that moderate low UVB irradiation inhibits M2-like tumor-associated macrophages, increases CD103+ cDC1s and promotes antitumor immunity in mice with an established tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayoung Park
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seungwon Yang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuhan Blair Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Goshiye D, Biset G, Abegaz Z, Birrie E, Gedamu S. Knowledge, Practice, and Factors Affecting Sunlight Exposure of Infants Among Mothers at Governmental Health Facilities in Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2021. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2023; 17:11795565221148329. [PMID: 36686984 PMCID: PMC9850123 DOI: 10.1177/11795565221148329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human being needs sunlight for physical and mental well-being. Sunlight helps the body to produce vitamin D, an important vitamin for skeletal development, immune function, and blood cell formation. So, the community should be counseled to get sufficient sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation to uphold the serum 25 (OH) D levels. This study designed to assess the mothers' knowledge, practice, and factors affecting the sunlight exposure of their infants. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental health facilities in Dessie Town, 2021. A total of 398 mothers were interviewed using semi structured questionnaires. Data were entered into the EPI data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS 23. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed. In multivariate analysis, a significant association was considered at P-value of <.05. Results Response rate was 98.9%. About 76.6% and 58.9% of the mothers had poor knowledge and poor practice regarding sunlight exposure of infants respectively. Mothers' occupation (aOR = 0.124, 95% CI = 0.042, 0.365), mothers' source of information (aOR = 18.604, 95% CI = 7.564, 45.75), and attitude (aOR = 2.773, 95% CI = 1.474, 5.215) had showed a significant association with mothers' knowledge. On the other hand, mothers' age (aOR = 3.191, 95% CI = 1.334, 7.633), mothers occupation (aOR = 4.226, 95% CI = 2.321, 7.694), and baby age (aOR = 1.989, 95% CI = 1.260, 3.140) had a significant association with their practice about sunlight exposure of infants. Conclusion Mothers' knowledge and practice of sunlight exposure of infants are poor in Dessie Town. Hence measures should be taken to increase and improve mothers' responsiveness of sunlight exposure of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debrnesh Goshiye
- Department of Pediatric and Child
Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie,
Ethiopia,Debrnesh Goshiye, Department of Pediatric
and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo
University, Dessie 1145, Ethiopia.
| | - Gebeyaw Biset
- Department of Pediatric and Child
Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie,
Ethiopia
| | - Zinet Abegaz
- Department of Reproductive Health,
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Endalk Birrie
- Department of Pediatric and Child
Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie,
Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Gedamu
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing,
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Zhang X, Zhou Q, Qi Y, Chen X, Deng J, Zhang Y, Li R, Fan J. The effect of tomato and lycopene on clinical characteristics and molecular markers of UV-induced skin deterioration: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36606553 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2164557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene as a natural antioxidant that have been studied for ultraviolet radiation (UVR) photo protection and is one of the most effective carotenoids to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review aims to summarize the protective effect of tomato and lycopene on skin photo damage and skin photoaging in healthy subjects by reviewing the existing population intervention experiments. A total of five electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched from inceptions to January 2021 without any restriction. Out of 19336 publications identified, 21 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were meta-analysis. Overall, interventions supplementing tomato and lycopene were associated with significant reductions in Δa*, MMP-1, ICAM-1 and skin pigmentation; while tomato and lycopene supplementation were associated with significant increase in MED, skin thickness and skin density. Based on the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, supplementation with tomato and lycopene could reduce skin erythema formation and improve the appearance and pigmentation of the skin, thereby preventing light-induced skin photodamage and skin photoaging. Lycopene-rich products could be used as endogenous sun protection and may be a potential nutraceutical for sun protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qilun Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinlan Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianming Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Liyanage G, Jayathunga S, Amarasekara T. Vitamin D knowledge and sun exposure practices among Sri Lankan healthcare undergraduates. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279480. [PMID: 36574411 PMCID: PMC9794041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although overexposure to ultraviolet radiation may lead to skin cancer, inadequate exposure results in vitamin D deficiency (VDD). We explored vitamin D-related knowledge and sun exposure practices among Sri Lankan healthcare undergraduates. METHODS The sampling frame consisted of medical and allied health undergraduates in a single centre. A newly developed, pre-piloted, self-administered questionnaire collected data on vitamin D knowledge, sun avoidance behaviour and outdoor time. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis examined the factors related to outdoor time. RESULTS A total of 482 were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) vitamin D knowledge score (0-100% scale) was 31.3% (18%). Only 17.8% scored ≥50% for knowledge. At least one sun avoidance measure was used by 59.3% of the undergraduates. A lower knowledge score was observed with a higher number of sun-avoidance behaviour (mean difference 0.84, p = 0.03). The majority (66%) spent outdoors <30 minutes per day between 9 am-3 pm. The odds of having low outdoor time were 1.6 higher for the female sex (OR:1.61, 95%CI:1.039, 2.492, p<0.001) and studying in the final year (OR:1.63, 95%CI:1.020, 2.602, p = 0.04). Medical students had a higher likelihood of low outdoor time (OR:0.55, 95%CI: 0.361, 0.835, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The healthcare undergraduates had low vitamin D knowledge and outdoor time while having increased sun avoidance. Gender, course of study, and academic year appeared to affect outdoor time. Support and guidance should improve knowledge and sun exposure habits that suit academic work and lifestyle in this population. Also, universities can actively promote positive sun exposure by organizing outdoor events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guwani Liyanage
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- * E-mail:
| | - Sanjana Jayathunga
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Thamara Amarasekara
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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11
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Davis Z, de Groh M, Rainham DG. The Canadian Environmental Quality Index (Can-EQI): Development and calculation of an index to assess spatial variation of environmental quality in Canada's 30 largest cities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107633. [PMID: 36413927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple characteristics of the urban environment have been shown to influence population health and health-related behaviours, though the distribution and combined effects of these characteristics on health is less understood. A composite measure of multiple environmental conditions would allow for comparisons among different urban areas; however, this measure is not available in Canada. OBJECTIVES To develop an index of environmental quality for Canada's largest urban areas and to assess the influence of population size on index values. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of potential datasets and consulted with experts to refine and select datasets for inclusion. We identified and selected nine datasets across five domains (outdoor air pollution, natural environments, built environments, radiation, and climate/weather). Datasets were chosen based on known impacts on human health across the life course, complete geographic coverage of the cities of interest, and temporal alignment with the 2016 Canadian census. Each dataset was then summarized into dissemination areas (DAs). The Canadian Environmental Quality Index (Can-EQI) was created by summing decile ranks of each variable based on hypothesized relationships to health outcomes. RESULTS We selected 30 cities with a population of more than 100,000 people which included 28,026 DAs and captured approximately 55% of the total Canadian population. Can-EQI scores ranged from 21.1 to 88.9 out of 100, and in Canada's largest cities were 10.2 (95% CI: -10.7, -9.7) points lower than the smallest cities. Mapping the Can-EQI revealed high geographic variability within and between cities. DISCUSSION Our work demonstrates a valuable methodology for exploring variations in environmental conditions in Canada's largest urban areas and provides a means for exploring the role of environmental factors in explaining urban health inequalities and disparities. Additionally, the Can-EQI may be of value to municipal planners and decision makers considering the allocation of investments to improve urban conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Davis
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Daniel G Rainham
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Rihal V, Khan H, Kaur A, Singh TG, Abdel-Daim MM. Therapeutic and mechanistic intervention of vitamin D in neuropsychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114782. [PMID: 36049434 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is believed to affect between 35 and 55% of the world's population, making it a hidden pandemic. In addition to its role in bone and calcium homeostasis, vitamin D has also been linked in preclinical and clinical research to brain function. These outcomes have also been used for a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental problems. Nevertheless, these individuals are more prone to develop signs of cognitive decline. This review will emphasize the association between vitamin D and neuropsychiatric illnesses such as autism, schizophrenia, depression, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). While numerous research show vitamin D's essential role in cognitive function in neuropsychiatric illnesses, it is too early to propose its effect on cognitive symptoms with certainty. It is necessary to conduct additional research into the associations between vitamin D deficiency and cognitive abnormalities, particularly those found in autism, schizophrenia, depression, and ADHD, to develop initiatives that address the pressing need for novel and effective preventative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rihal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | | | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231 Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Ramírez-Gamboa D, Díaz-Zamorano AL, Meléndez-Sánchez ER, Reyes-Pardo H, Villaseñor-Zepeda KR, López-Arellanes ME, Sosa-Hernández JE, Coronado-Apodaca KG, Gámez-Méndez A, Afewerki S, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldivar R, Martínez-Ruiz M. Photolyase Production and Current Applications: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185998. [PMID: 36144740 PMCID: PMC9505440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photolyase family consists of flavoproteins with enzyme activity able to repair ultraviolet light radiation damage by photoreactivation. DNA damage by the formation of a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and a pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct can lead to multiple affections such as cellular apoptosis and mutagenesis that can evolve into skin cancer. The development of integrated applications to prevent the negative effects of prolonged sunlight exposure, usually during outdoor activities, is imperative. This study presents the functions, characteristics, and types of photolyases, their therapeutic and cosmetic applications, and additionally explores some photolyase-producing microorganisms and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ramírez-Gamboa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | | | - Humberto Reyes-Pardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Karina G. Coronado-Apodaca
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Ana Gámez-Méndez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de Monterrey, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500 Pte, San Pedro Garza Garcia 66238, Mexico
| | - Samson Afewerki
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Manuel Martínez-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (M.M.-R.)
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14
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A Green Tea Containing Skincare System Improves Skin Health and Beauty in Adults: An Exploratory Controlled Clinical Study. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin dryness, fine lines and wrinkles, red spots, red vasculature, and porphyrin count are common indicators of skin health and beauty. The skincare system in this study contains scientifically validated ingredients such as fermented green tea (Camellia sinensis) water, niacinamide, antioxidants, and a variety of natural plant extracts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this skincare system in improving facial-skin health and beauty. Twenty-six healthy adults, both female and male, aged 18–54 and of all skin types and tones, were included in the study and participated as either the active or the control group (competitor product) using designated topical products for 30 days. Skin moisture, fine lines and wrinkles, porphyrin count, red spots, and red vasculature count were measured through high-quality photography, Visia® complexion analysis, FitSkin® skin analysis, and survey questions on day 0, day 8, and day 30. Significant improvements were observed in facial moisture, red-spot count, red vasculature count, and porphyrin count on day 30 in comparison with the control group. Non-significant improvements were observed in pores, skin texture, and wrinkles. With extensive well-documented functional ingredients, the studied skincare system used daily may significantly improve key areas of skin health and beauty.
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15
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Pecorelli A, Valacchi G. Oxidative-Stress-Sensitive microRNAs in UV-Promoted Development of Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133224. [PMID: 35804995 PMCID: PMC9265047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for skin cancer. Melanoma is the most life-threatening type of skin cancer. UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress represent two main mechanisms that, directly and indirectly, contribute to melanomagenesis. In addition, an interplay of abnormally expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and redox imbalance is a hallmark in several cancers, including melanoma. UV radiation can be the central hub between these two cellular aberrations, as it is able to stimulate both. Here, to gain new mechanistic insights into melanomagenesis and identify new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of melanoma, we report current evidence suggesting a complex interaction between UV-promoted deregulation of redox-sensitive miRNAs and known signal-transduction pathways underlying malignant transformation of melanocytes to melanoma. Abstract Melanoma is the most aggressive and life-threatening form of skin cancer. Key molecular events underlying the melanocytic transformation into malignant melanoma mainly involve gene mutations in which exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays a prominent role. However, several aspects of UV-induced melanomagenesis remain to be explored. Interestingly, redox-mediated signaling and perturbed microRNA (miRNA) profiles appear to be interconnected contributing factors able to act synergistically in melanoma initiation and progression. Since UV radiation can promote both redox imbalance and miRNA dysregulation, a harmful crosstalk between these two key cellular networks, with UV as central hub among them, is likely to occur in skin tissue. Therefore, decoding the complex circuits that orchestrate the interaction of UV exposure, oxidative stress, and dysregulated miRNA profiling can provide a deep understanding of the molecular basis of the melanomagenesis process. Furthermore, these mechanistic insights into the reciprocal regulation between these systems could have relevant implications for future therapeutic approaches aimed at counteracting UV-induced redox and miRNome imbalances for the prevention and treatment of malignant melanoma. In this review, we illustrate current information on the intricate connection between UV-induced dysregulation of redox-sensitive miRNAs and well-known signaling pathways involved in the malignant transformation of normal melanocytes to malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Animal Science, N.C. Research Campus, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, N.C. Research Campus, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Environment and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-704-250-5433
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16
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Wu SE, Chen WL. Moderate Sun Exposure Is the Complementor in Insufficient Vitamin D Consumers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:832659. [PMID: 35350415 PMCID: PMC8957913 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.832659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Vitamin (Vit) D plays a vital role in human health, and the prevalence of Vit D deficiency worldwide has been a rising concern. This study investigates the serum 25-hydroxy-Vit D [25(OH)D] status in healthy US civilians and identifies how the two main sources, sun exposure and dietary Vit D intake, determine the final 25(OH)D levels in individuals. Methods A total of 2,360 of participants from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014 were analyzed. We divided the levels of sun exposure and dietary Vit D intake of all subjects into 10 strata and gave a score ranging from 1 to 10 points, respectively. Scores 1–5 in sun exposure and dietary intake were considered as relatively low exposure groups, whereas scores 6–10 were considered as relatively high exposure groups. Serum Vit D inadequacy was defined as <50 nmol/L. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between sources of Vit D and serum 25(OH)D levels. Results In relatively low Vit D intake groups (Vit D intake score 1–5), relatively high sun exposure (sun exposure score >5) resulted in higher serum 25(OH)D levels (average 57 nmol/L) compared with relatively low sun exposure (sun exposure score <5) (average 50 nmol/L), whereas this difference became negligible in high intake groups (Vit D intake score 6–10). Moreover, the greatest slope occurred in the low Vit D intake curve (decile 3 of Vit D intake), which shows increased sun exposure time causing the greatest degree of change in serum 25(OH)D level in this group. Conclusion Sun exposure can significantly make up for deficiencies in subjects who consume insufficient dietary Vit D. Compared with the extra cost and time for building habits of Vit D supplementation, moderate sun exposure appears to be a simple and costless means for the public to start in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-En Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wei-Liang Chen,
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17
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Nazario CM, Rosario-Rosado RV, Schelske-Santos M, Mansilla-Rivera I, Ramírez-Marrero FA, Nie J, Piovanetti-Fiol P, Hernández-Santiago J, Freudenheim JL. Sun Exposure Is Associated with Reduced Breast Cancer Risk among Women Living in the Caribbean: The Atabey Study in Puerto Rico. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:430-435. [PMID: 34810207 PMCID: PMC9190767 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though inconsistent, there is evidence that sun exposure is associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Previous studies have been conducted in geographical regions with seasonal variation in UV radiation, including periods of low to no exposure, and among participants mostly of European descent. Puerto Rico has no significant seasonal fluctuation, with continuous exposure to very high UV radiation. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of breast cancer among women in metropolitan San Juan, Puerto Rico, examining a cumulative sun exposure index (SEI) based on a comparison of reflectance of sun-exposed and non-exposed skin. A chromameter was used to measure skin reflectance and estimate the difference between constitutive (unexposed) and facultative (exposed) skin pigmentation in 307 cases and 328 controls. Breast cancer risk factors were ascertained with interviewer-administered questionnaires. OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Adjusted breast cancer odds were lower for the highest tertile of the SEI (ORadj = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.74). Results were similar within strata of estrogen receptor status. In analyses stratified by constitutive skin pigmentation, among participants with darker skin color, breast cancer risk was lower with more sun exposure (ORadj = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.70). CONCLUSIONS We found lower risk of breast cancer associated with greater sun exposure in a population living with high, continuous sun exposure. This beneficial finding should be placed in the context of other effects of sun exposure. IMPACT Sun exposure is a modifiable factor that may contribute, directly or indirectly, to lower breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cruz M. Nazario
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Rosa V. Rosario-Rosado
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico
| | | | - Imar Mansilla-Rivera
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico
| | | | - Jing Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
| | - Paola Piovanetti-Fiol
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Johan Hernández-Santiago
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Jo L. Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo
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18
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Friedman-Jimenez G, Kato I, Factor-Litvak P, Shore R. Mortality of Enlisted Men Who Served on Nuclear-Powered Submarines in the United States Navy. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:131-139. [PMID: 34412099 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the long-term mortality experience of a cohort of enlisted men who served on nuclear-powered submarines in the United States Navy and breathed recirculated filtered air for extended periods of time. METHODS In this historical cohort study we estimated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and used within-cohort Poisson regression analyses to address healthy worker biases. RESULTS Three thousand two hundred sixty three deaths occurred among 85,498 men during 1,926,875 person-years of follow-up from 1969 to 1995. SMRs were reduced for most cause-of-death categories, prostate cancer had a twofold elevation. In within-cohort comparisons, prostate cancer mortality did not increase with duration of submarine service, but ischemic heart disease mortality increased 26% per 5 years of submarine service. CONCLUSIONS Long periods of submarine service do not increase mortality in most cause-of-death categories. Increased mortality from ischemic heart disease likely reflects the effects of tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Friedman-Jimenez
- Bellevue/NYU Occupational Environmental Medicine Clinic (Dr Friedman-Jimenez); New York University Grossman School of Medicine (Dr Friedman-Jimenez, Dr Shore); Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (Dr Kato); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University (Dr Factor-Litvak), New York, New York
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19
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Brogniez C, Doré JF, Auriol F, Cesarini P, Minvielle F, Deroo C, Catalfamo M, Metzger JM, Da Conceicao P. Erythemal and vitamin D weighted solar UV dose-rates and doses estimated from measurements in mainland France and on Réunion Island. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 225:112330. [PMID: 34678614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solar UV radiation causes beneficial and detrimental changes in human health. International and national Health agencies recommend avoiding sun exposure when the solar rays are strongest (typically 2 h before and after solar noon). In this study we detail and refine such recommendations. We estimated biologically-effective radiation (inductive of erythema and pre-vitamin D) using spectral solar UV radiation measurements on a horizontal plane at three French sites equipped with spectroradiometers: Villeneuve d'Ascq (VDA) (North of France); Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) (French Southern Alps); and Saint-Denis de La Réunion (SDR) on Réunion Island, in the Indian Ocean. These sites are very different: VDA is a semi-urban site in a flat region, OHP a rural mountainous site and SDR a coastal urban site on a small mountainous island. Biologically active radiation was analyzed by studying erythema induction and measuring pre-vitamin D synthesis. Dose-rates, doses and times for sunburn induction and vitamin D production were derived. Regarding the level of vitamin D dose considered here (1000 IU), we found that at mainland sites time required for vitamin D synthesis was relatively long, even around solar noon, in winter months this could be 2-3 h for phototype II individuals exposing their face and hands. In the tropics vitamin D could always be synthesized in a reasonable time (e.g. 20 min in winter). By contrast, in summer, the required duration times (exposing face, hands, arms and legs) are very short, approximately 2-4 min on the mainland and 1 min in the tropics for phototype II individuals. In all skin phototypes the duration of sun exposure required to induce erythema was generally longer than that to produce vitamin D. These quantitative results, obtained using an instrument measuring on a horizontal plane and with an unobstructed view, do not represent realistic values for human exposure. To account for realistic human body exposure, received doses and times of exposure were adjusted. Our study shows that, mostly in summer, the time periods where limited solar exposure is recommended should be extended, especially at low latitude locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Brogniez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-François Doré
- INSERM U 1296 Radiations, Défense, Santé, Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69000 Lyon, France.
| | - Frédérique Auriol
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Pierre Cesarini
- Association Sécurité Solaire, Fondation A. de Rothschild, 25 rue Manin, F-75019 Paris, France.
| | - Fanny Minvielle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Christine Deroo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Maxime Catalfamo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Metzger
- UMS 3365 - OSU Réunion, Université de La Réunion, F-97744 St-Denis de La Réunion, France.
| | - Pierre Da Conceicao
- UMS 3470 - OSU Pytheas, Observatoire de Haute-Provence, F-04870 St-Michel-l'Observatoire, France.
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20
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Teklehaimanot WZ, Kitawu LD, Tesfaye T, Mihretie A, Tizazu MA, Mekuriyaw AM, Negash KM, Muluneh MA. Assessment of Practice and Factors associated with Sunlight Exposure of Infants among Mothers in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2021; 12:507-517. [PMID: 34795548 PMCID: PMC8593595 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s330896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency is a common worldwide problem with its prevalence magnified in infants. Prevalence in infants is believed to range from 2.7% to 45% in different countries of the world. Appropriate sunlight exposure of skin is thought to be vital for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency. However, due to a dearth of study the practice of sunlight exposure is incompletely understood. Thus, assessing practice and factors affecting sunlight exposure of infants by mothers was relevant. Objective To assess practice level and factors associated with sunlight exposure of infants by mothers in Debre Berhan town, North Showa, Ethiopia, 2019. Materials and Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect relevant data among 530 mothers with infants at selected kebeles in Debre Berhan town. A simple random sampling technique was used to select kebeles and systematic sampling was complemented to identify study participant. Data were collected with interview using a pre-tested structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were run to examine the association among dependent and independent variable. Significant association was declared at P value ≤0.05. Results All the mothers were interviewed and 65.7% of them had good practice in sunning of their infant. In multi-variable analysis, mothers who are housewives or government employees, have a maternal age of 33 and above, perceive that sunlight strengthen infant bones, perceive that sunlight makes their infants healthier, and who got information from health-care professionals were significantly associated with good practice in sunning of their infant. Conclusion and Recommendation Finding of this study indicated that 34.3% of participants have poor practice in sunning of infants. This is a pointer that sunlight exposure of infants still needs attention from the government and other concerned bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leul Deribe Kitawu
- College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Tesfaye
- College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Mihretie
- College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Kassa Mamo Negash
- College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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21
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Abstract
Nutrition and dietary supplements have been used to promote a youthful appearance for millennia. Despite high public demand for these products, evidence supporting their efficacy is limited and often inconsistent. We discuss the structural and functional changes that occur in the skin during the aging process. We also review evidence supporting the use of nutritional supplements commonly used to promote a youthful appearance, including essential fatty acids, coenzyme Q, collagen peptides, curcumin, polyphenols, flavonoids, probiotics, silymarin, and vitamins A, C, D, and E. We also consider the role of advanced glycosylated end products, antiinflammatory diets, and caloric restriction in delaying premature skin aging. Although evidence supporting the use of some dietary interventions is promising, further long-term studies in humans are required to fully understand their effects on the promotion of a youthful appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Muzumdar
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Katalin Ferenczi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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22
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Schalka S, Silva MS, Lopes LF, de Freitas LM, Baptista MS. The skin redoxome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:181-195. [PMID: 34719068 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Redoxome is the network of redox reactions and redox active species (ReAS) that affect the homeostasis of cells and tissues. Due to the intense and constant interaction with external agents, the human skin has a robust redox signalling framework with specific pathways and magnitudes. The establishment of the skin redoxome concept is key to expanding knowledge of skin disorders and establishing better strategies for their prevention and treatment. This review starts with its definition and progress to propose how the master redox regulators are maintained and activated in the different conditions experienced by the skin and how the lack of redox regulation is involved in the accumulation of several oxidation end products that are correlated with various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schalka
- Medcin Skin Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - M S Silva
- Medcin Skin Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - L F Lopes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L M de Freitas
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Baptista
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Erem AS, Razzaque MS. Vitamin D-independent benefits of safe sunlight exposure. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 213:105957. [PMID: 34329737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the beneficial effects of ultraviolet radiation on systemic autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes, where the epidemiological evidence for the vitamin D-independent effects of sunlight is most apparent. Ultraviolet radiation, in addition to its role in the synthesis of vitamin D, stimulates anti-inflammatory pathways, alters the composition of dendritic cells, T cells, and T regulatory cells, and induces nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase metabolic pathways, which may directly or indirectly mitigate disease progression and susceptibility. Recent work has also explored how the immune-modulating functions of ultraviolet radiation affect type II diabetes, cancer, and the current global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. These diseases are particularly important amidst global changes in lifestyle that result in unhealthy eating, increased sedentary habits, and alcohol and tobacco consumption. Compelling epidemiological data shows increased ultraviolet radiation associated with reduced rates of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, and ultraviolet radiation exposure correlated with susceptibility and mortality rates of COVID-19. Therefore, understanding the effects of ultraviolet radiation on both vitamin D-dependent and -independent pathways is necessary to understand how they influence the course of many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Erem
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammed S Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA.
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24
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Story MJ. Essential sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D and magnesium for prevention and treatment of COVID-19, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Biochimie 2021; 187:94-109. [PMID: 34082041 PMCID: PMC8166046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of a number of vaccines for COVID-19, there remains a need for prevention and treatment of the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease COVID-19. This report discusses the key elements of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that can be readily treated: viral entry, the immune system and inflammation, and the cytokine storm. It is shown that the essential nutrients zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D and magnesium provide the ideal combination for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: prevention of SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells, prevention of proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, inhibition of excessive inflammation, improved control of the regulation of the immune system, inhibition of the cytokine storm, and reduction in the effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated non-communicable diseases. It is emphasized that the non-communicable diseases associated with COVID-19 are inherently more prevalent in the elderly than the young, and that the maintenance of sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs, vitamin D and magnesium is essential for the elderly to prevent the occurrence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Annual checking of levels of these essential nutrients is recommended for those over 65 years of age, together with appropriate adjustments in their intake, with these services and supplies being at government cost. The cost:benefit ratio would be huge as the cost of the nutrients and the testing of their levels would be very small compared with the cost savings of specialists and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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Gómez O, Talero AP, Zanchetta MB, Madeira M, Moreira CA, Campusano C, Orjuela AM, Cerdas P S, de la Peña-Rodríguez MP, Reza AA, Velazco C, Mendoza B, Uzcátegui LR, Rueda PN. Diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up of osteoporosis-position statement of the Latin American Federation of Endocrinology. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:114. [PMID: 34302550 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-00974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Latin American Federation of Endocrinology position statement on osteoporosis was developed by endocrinologists from 9 countries. It encompasses the definition, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of the disease, the identification of barriers to healthcare, and proposals to improve the disease care in the region. INTRODUCTION There is a gap in the understanding of osteoporosis in Latin America. The objective of this work is to state the position of the Latin American Federation of Endocrinology on osteoporosis care in postmenopausal women to better bridge this gap. METHODS An experts' panel was formed comprising of 11 endocrinologists from 9 countries. A data search was conducted with a conceptual approach and data selection was based on the hierarchy of the EBHC pyramid. Unpublished data was considered for local epidemiological data and expert opinion for the identification of barriers to healthcare. An expert consensus based on the Delphi methodology was carried out. Experts were asked to respond on a 5-point Likert Scale to two provided answers to guiding questions. RESULTS Consensus was agreed on the answer for the questions with the higher median on the Likert scale and synthetized on 16 statements covering the definition of osteoporosis, diagnostic approach, treatment options, and follow-up. Besides clinical topics, unmet needs in osteoporosis were identified in relation to local epidemiological data, barriers to treatment, and misclassification of programs within health systems. CONCLUSIONS Through a process based on recognized methodological tools, FELAEN's position on osteoporosis was developed. This made it possible to state an optimum scenario for the care of the disease and helped to identify knowledge gaps. There is great variability in the approach to osteoporosis in Latin America and barriers in all the stages of healthcare persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina de la Pontificia, Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - A P Talero
- Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Metabolismo (ACE), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M B Zanchetta
- Cátedra de Osteología y Metabolismo Mineral, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Salvador, Instituto de Investigaciones Metabólicas (IDIM), Asociación Argentina de Osteología y Metabolismo Mineral (AAOMM), Sociedad Argentina de Endocrinología (SAEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Madeira
- Departamento de Metabolismo Óseo y Mineral de La Sociedad Brasilera de Endocrinología y Metabolismo (SBEM), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Río de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C A Moreira
- Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR (SEMPR), Departamento de Metabolismo Óseo y Mineral de la Sociedad Brasilera de Endocrinología y Metabolismo (SBEM), Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - C Campusano
- Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de los Andes, Unidad de Endocrinología de la Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Sociedad Chilena de Endocrinología y Diabetes (SOCHED), Santiago, Chile
| | - A M Orjuela
- Facultad de Medicina de la Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital San José, Asociación Colombiana de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral (ACOMM), Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología (ACE), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S Cerdas P
- Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Costa Rica, Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Cima, Asociación Pro Estudio de la Diabetes, Endocrinología y Metabolismo (ANPEDEM), San José, Costa Rica
- Departamento de Endocrinología de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara (UAG), Servicios Médicos De la Peña, SC, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Asociación Mexicana de Metabolismo Óseo y Mineral. Colegio Jalisciense de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Presidenta electa para la Asociación Mexicana de Metabolismo Óseo y Mineral, AC (AMMOM), Guadalajara, México
| | - M P de la Peña-Rodríguez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, sede Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología y Consejo Mexicano de Endocrinología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A A Reza
- Instituto de Endocrinología, Nutrición y Osteoporosis, Fundación Dominicana de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Menopausia y Osteoporosis (FUNDEMOS), Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
| | - C Velazco
- Clínica de Endocrinología y Metabolismo de la Facultad de Medicina de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Clínica de Endocrinología y Metabolismo del Hospital Manuel Quintela, Sociedad Uruguaya de Endocrinología y Metabolismo (SUEM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - B Mendoza
- Universidad de Los Andes, Sociedad Venezolana de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - L R Uzcátegui
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, diabetes y metabolismo (ACE), Presidente de la Federación Latinoamericana de Endocrinología (FELAEN), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P N Rueda
- Presidente de la Federación Latinoamericana de Endocrinología (FELAEN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Metabolismo (ACE), Bogotá, Colombia
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Cui Y, Gong Q, Huang C, Guo F, Li W, Wang Y, Cheng X. The relationship between sunlight exposure duration and depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study on elderly Chinese women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254856. [PMID: 34270627 PMCID: PMC8284632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunlight has been reported to have various beneficial effects on human health. Although research indicates an association between sunlight exposure and depressive symptoms, no study has examined it among the older adult population, especially among elderly Chinese women. This cross-sectional study addresses the aforesaid gap by investigating this association in 1,429 Chinese women aged 60 years and older. Information on their sunlight exposure was collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The logistic regression models revealed that greater exposure to sunlight is associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. In the final adjusted model, when the short sunlight exposure category (reference) was compared with the medium and long ones, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence of depressive symptoms (SDS cutoff ≥ 45) were 0.84 (0.60, 1.19) and 0.62 (0.43, 0.91), respectively (p-value for trend = 0.01). This significant association did not change when the SDS cutoff points were altered to ≥ 40 and ≥ 50. Findings indicate that an increased sunlight exposure duration is associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Cui
- Institute of Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail: (YC); (CH)
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YC); (CH)
| | - Feng Guo
- Institute of Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Li
- Institute of Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Institute of Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Institute of Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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Fathima-Jebin M, Mooventhan A, Maheshkumar K, Manavalan N. Effect of banana leaf bath (a type of heliotherapy) on short-term heart rate variability changes in healthy individuals: A pilot study. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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da Silva BTA, Peloi KE, Ximenes VF, Nakamura CV, de Oliveira Silva Lautenschlager S. 2-acetylphenothiazine protects L929 fibroblasts against UVB-induced oxidative damage. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112130. [PMID: 33561688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) light corresponds to 5% of ultraviolet radiation. It is more genotoxic and mutagenic than UVA and causes direct and indirect cellular damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Even after radiation, ROS generation may continue through activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) enzyme. Long-term exposure can progress to premature skin aging and photocarcinogenesis. To prevent damage that is caused by UVB radiation, several studies have focused on the topical administration of compounds that have antioxidant properties. 2-Acetylphenothiazine (ML171) is a potent and selective inhibitor of NOX1. The present study investigated the antioxidant potential and photoprotective ability of ML171 in UVB-irradiated L929 fibroblasts. ML171 had considerable antioxidant activity in both the DPPH• and xanthine/luminol/xanthine oxidase assays. ML171 did not induce cytotoxicity in L929 fibroblasts and increased the viability of UVB-irradiated cells. ML171 also inhibited ROS production, the enzymatic activity of NOX, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and DNA damage. Additionally, ML171 protected cell membrane integrity and induced fibroblast migration. These results suggest that the incorporation of ML171 in topical administration systems may be a promising strategy to mitigate UVB-induced oxidative damage in L929 fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Elaine Peloi
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo 17033360, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, Maringa State University (UEM), Maringá, Paraná 87020900, Brazil
| | - Sueli de Oliveira Silva Lautenschlager
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, Maringa State University (UEM), Maringá, Paraná 87020900, Brazil.
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de la Guía-Galipienso F, Martínez-Ferran M, Vallecillo N, Lavie CJ, Sanchis-Gomar F, Pareja-Galeano H. Vitamin D and cardiovascular health. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2946-2957. [PMID: 33397599 PMCID: PMC7770490 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The principal source of vitamin D in humans is its biosynthesis in the skin through a chemical reaction dependent on sun exposure. In lesser amounts, the vitamin can be obtained from the diet, mostly from fatty fish, fish liver oil and mushrooms. Individuals with vitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/dl, should be supplemented. Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent global problem caused mainly by low exposure to sunlight. The main role of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. However, vitamin D receptors are found in most human cells and tissues, indicating many extra-skeletal effects of the vitamin, particularly in the immune and cardiovascular (CV) systems. Vitamin D regulates blood pressure by acting on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Its deficiency has been associated with various CV risk factors and appears to be linked to a higher mortality and incidence of CV disease (CVD). Several mechanisms have been proposed relating vitamin D deficiency to CV risk factors such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, abnormal nitric oxide regulation, oxidative stress or altered inflammatory pathways. However, in the latest randomized controlled trials no benefits of vitamin D supplementation for CVD have been confirmed. Although more work is needed to establish the protective role of vitamin D in this setting, according to current evidences vitamin D supplements should not be recommended for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Guía-Galipienso
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Clínica Benidorm, Alicante, Spain; Glorieta Policlinic, Denia, Alicante, Spain; REMA Sports Cardiology Clinic, Denia, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Ferran
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Néstor Vallecillo
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
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Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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Zhao N, Smargiassi A, Colmegna I, Hudson M, Fritzler M, Bernatsky S. Sunlight exposure, sun-protective behaviour, and anti-citrullinated protein antibody positivity: A general population-based study in Quebec, Canada. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 74:236-242. [PMID: 32961027 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine associations between sunlight exposure and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) using general population data in Quebec, Canada. METHODS A random sample of 7600 individuals (including 786 positive ACPA subjects and 201 self-reported rheumatoid arthritis, RA cases) from the CARTaGENE cohort was studied cross-sectionally. All subjects were nested in four census metropolitan areas, and mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ACPA positivity related to sunlight exposure, adjusting for sun-block use, industrial fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) exposures, smoking, age, sex, French Canadian ancestry, and family income. We also performed sensitivity analyses excluding subjects with RA, defining ACPA positivity by higher titers, and stratifying by age and sex. RESULTS The adjusted ORs and 95% CIs did not suggest conclusive associations between ACPA and sunlight exposure or sun-block use, but robust positive relationships were observed between industrial PM2.5 emissions and ACPA (OR 1.19 per µg/m3 , 95% CI 1.03 - 1.36 in primary analyses). CONCLUSIONS We did not see clear links between ACPA and sunlight exposure or sun-block use, but we did note positive associations with industrial PM2.5 . Future studies of sunlight and RA (or ACPA) should take air pollution exposures into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naizhuo Zhao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Département de Santé Environnementale et de Santé au Travail, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique de l, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ines Colmegna
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Hudson
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marvin Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Benskin LL. A Basic Review of the Preliminary Evidence That COVID-19 Risk and Severity Is Increased in Vitamin D Deficiency. Front Public Health 2020; 8:513. [PMID: 33014983 PMCID: PMC7513835 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world's attention has been riveted upon the growing COVID-19 pandemic, many researchers have written brief reports supporting the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is related to the incidence and severity of COVID-19. The clear common thread among the top risk groups-vitamin D deficiency-may be being overlooked because of previous overstated claims of vitamin D benefits. However, the need to decrease COVID-19 fatalities among high-risk populations is urgent. Early researchers reported three striking patterns. Firstly, the innate immune system is impaired by vitamin D deficiency, which would predispose sufferers to viral infections such as COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency also increases the activity of the X-chromosome-linked "Renin-Angiotensin" System, making vitamin D deficient individuals (especially men) more susceptible to COVID-19's deadly "cytokine storm" (dramatic immune system overreaction). Secondly, the groups who are at highest risk for severe COVID-19 match those who are at highest risk for severe vitamin D deficiency. This includes the elderly, men, ethnic groups whose skin is naturally rich in melanin (if living outside the tropics), those who avoid sun exposure for cultural and health reasons, those who live in institutions, the obese, and/or those who suffer with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. And thirdly, the pattern of geographical spread of COVID-19 reflects higher population vitamin D deficiency. Both within the USA and throughout the world, COVID-19 fatality rates parallel vitamin D deficiency rates. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, and RSMLDS, with targeted Google searches providing additional sources. Although randomized controlled trial results may be available eventually, the correlational and causal study evidence supporting a link between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 risks is already so strong that it supports action. The 141 author groups writing primarily about biological plausibility detailed how vitamin D deficiency can explain every risk factor and every complication of COVID-19, but agreed that other factors are undoubtedly at work. COVID-19 was compared with dengue fever, for which oral vitamin D supplements of 4,000 IU for 10 days were significantly more effective than 1,000 IU in reducing virus replication and controlling the "cytokine storm" (dramatic immune system over-reaction) responsible for fatalities. Among the 47 original research studies summarized here, chart reviews found that serum vitamin D levels predicted COVID-19 mortality rates (16 studies) and linearly predicted COVID-19 illness severity (8 studies). Two causal modeling studies and several analyses of variance strongly supported the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is a causal, rather than a bystander, factor in COVID-19 outcomes. Three of the four studies whose findings opposed the hypothesis relied upon disproven assumptions. The literature review also found that prophylactically correcting possible vitamin D deficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic is extremely safe. Widely recommending 2,000 IU of vitamin D daily for all populations with limited ability to manufacture vitamin D from the sun has virtually no potential for harm and is reasonably likely to save many lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L. Benskin
- Independent Researcher for Improving Health in Rural Areas of Tropical Developing Countries, Austin, TX, United States
- Ferris Mfg. Corp., Makers of PolyMem® Multifunctional Dressings, Ft. Worth, TX, United States
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Kurban NA, Altwaim SA, Altayeb GA, Somali NA, Almehmady AM, Alharbi WS. Cosmeceutical awareness among community pharmacists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: The case of sunscreens and moisturizers. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2394-2400. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nouf A. Kurban
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Shada A. Altwaim
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazal A. Altayeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Njood A. Somali
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaimaa M. Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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Tabbakh T, Wakefield M, Dobbinson SJ. Concerns about vitamin D and sun exposure behaviour among Australians. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:399-406. [PMID: 32557897 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED Australians' concerns about vitamin D and influence on sun protection were last quantified a decade ago in Queensland amidst media attention on emerging evidence of non-skeletal benefits of vitamin D. Meanwhile these circumstances persist and impact is worth assessing. METHODS Measures of concern about vitamin D were included in three recent population-based cross-sectional surveys of Australians' sun-related behaviours during summer months (2010-2011, 2013-2014 and 2016-2017). We analysed characteristics, beliefs and behaviours associated with vitamin D concerns regarding regular sunscreen use among adults in 2016-2017 (N = 3614). RESULTS Concerns about vitamin D continued to persist among adults surveyed between 2010-2011 and 2016-2017. Vitamin D concerns regarding the sunscreen use were more common among women, older respondents and adults with skin that tans or is not susceptible to sunburn. Respondents concerned about vitamin D were more likely to exhibit pro-tanning beliefs, scepticism about sunscreen safety and have attempted a suntan. They were also less likely to use sun protection in everyday activities outdoors and less likely to use sunscreen on summer weekends. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D concerns related to sunscreen use remained common among Australian adults. Skin cancer control advocates may be reassured that those with the greatest skin cancer risk (burn only) were less likely to hold these concerns, while the related infrequent sun protection and tanning among concerned adults are problematic. SO WHAT?: Continued education and research is needed to ensure that the general public understand the risks and benefits of sun exposure in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tabbakh
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Dobbinson
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ribeiro H, Santana KVDSD, Oliver SL, Rondó PHDC, Mendes MM, Charlton K, Lanham-New S. Does Vitamin D play a role in the management of Covid-19 in Brazil? Rev Saude Publica 2020; 54:53. [PMID: 32491112 PMCID: PMC7244235 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The study discusses the possible role of adequate vitamin D status in plasma or serum for preventing acute respiratory infections during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our arguments respond to an article, published in Italy, that describes the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in older Italian women and raises the possible preventive and therapeutic role of optimal vitamin D levels. Based on literature review, we highlight the findings regarding the protective role of vitamin D for infectious diseases of the respiratory system. However, randomized controlled trials are currently lacking. Adequate vitamin D status is obtained from sun exposure and foods rich in vitamin D. Studies in Brazil have shown that hypovitaminosis D is quite common in spite of high insolation. Authors recommend ecological, epidemiological and randomized controlled trials studies to verify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ribeiro
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Keila Valente de Souza de Santana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Global e Sustentabilidade, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sofia Lizarralde Oliver
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Global e Sustentabilidade, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Marcela Moraes Mendes
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Charlton
- Faculty of Science, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Susan Lanham-New
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Magalhaes S, Pugliatti M, Riise T, Myhr KM, Ciampi A, Bjornevik K, Wolfson C. Shedding light on the link between early life sun exposure and risk of multiple sclerosis: results from the EnvIMS Study. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1073-1082. [PMID: 30561654 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower levels of sun exposure in childhood have been suggested to be associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this paper we extend previous work, using two novel analytical strategies. METHODS Data collected in the Environmental risk factors In MS (EnvIMS) study, a case-control study with MS cases and population-based controls from Canada, Italy and Norway, were used. Participants reported on sun exposure behaviours for 5-year age intervals from birth; we focused on the first three age intervals (≤15 years). We compared two life course epidemiology conceptual models, the critical period and the accumulation model. We also used latent class analysis to estimate MS risk for different latent sun exposure behaviour groups. RESULTS The analyses included 2251 cases and 4028 controls. The accumulation model was found to be the best model, which demonstrated a nearly 50% increased risk of MS comparing lowest reported summer sun exposure with highest [risk ratio (RR) = 1.47 (1.24, 1.74)]. The latent sun exposure behaviour group, characterized by low sun exposure during summer and winter and high sun protection use, had the highest risk of MS; a 76% increased risk as compared with the group with high sun exposure and low sun protection use [RR = 1.76 (1.27, 2.46)]. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses provide novel insights into the link between sun exposure and MS. We demonstrate that more time indoors during childhood and early adolescence is linked with MS risk, and that sun protection behaviours in those who spend most time indoors may play a key role in increasing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Magalhaes
- Neuroepidemiology Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Neurology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Trond Riise
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,National Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- National Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Antonio Ciampi
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kjetil Bjornevik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Wolfson
- Neuroepidemiology Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Khaltourina D, Matveyev Y, Alekseev A, Cortese F, Ioviţă A. Aging Fits the Disease Criteria of the International Classification of Diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111230. [PMID: 32251691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The disease criteria used by the World Health Organization (WHO) were applied to human biological aging in order to assess whether aging can be classified as a disease. These criteria were developed for the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and included disease diagnostics, mechanisms, course and outcomes, known interventions, and linkage to genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS: Biological aging can be diagnosed with frailty indices, functional, blood-based biomarkers. A number of major causal mechanisms of human aging involved in various organs have been described, such as inflammation, replicative cellular senescence, immune senescence, proteostasis failures, mitochondrial dysfunctions, fibrotic propensity, hormonal aging, body composition changes, etc. We identified a number of clinically proven interventions, as well as genetic and environmental factors of aging. Therefore, aging fits the ICD-11 criteria and can be considered a disease. Our proposal was submitted to the ICD-11 Joint Task force, and this led to the inclusion of the extension code for "Ageing-related" (XT9T) into the "Causality" section of the ICD-11. This might lead to greater focus on biological aging in global health policy and might provide for more opportunities for the new therapy developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Khaltourina
- Department of Risk Factor Prevention, Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dobrolyubova St. 11, Moscow, 127254, Russia; International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France.
| | - Yuri Matveyev
- Research Lab, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Schepkina St. 61/2 k.1, Moscow, 129110, Russia
| | - Aleksey Alekseev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, Apt 2354 Chynoweth House, Trevissome Park, Truro, London, TR4 8UN, UK
| | - Anca Ioviţă
- International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France
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Grandi C, D’Ovidio MC. Balance between Health Risks and Benefits for Outdoor Workers Exposed to Solar Radiation: An Overview on the Role of Near Infrared Radiation Alone and in Combination with Other Solar Spectral Bands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041357. [PMID: 32093162 PMCID: PMC7068431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared or infrared A (IRA) accounts for over 40% of the solar spectrum (SS) and is able to reach subcutaneous tissue as well as the retina. Outdoor workers are occupationally exposed to solar radiation (SR), but the level of exposure may differ widely depending on the job performed, time spent outdoors, latitude, altitude, season, personal protection, etc. Until now, risk assessment and management for outdoor workers has focused on the prevention of both acute and long-term effects on the eye and the skin due to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) with little consideration of the other components of the SS (a possible exception is represented by visible radiation with reference to the eye). A growing body of evidence coming from in vitro studies indicates that IRA is involved in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and may interfere with the respiratory chain in the mitochondria. Moreover, it can modulate gene expression and some metabolic pathways. The biological action of IRA is only partly attributable to a thermal mechanism, should it be also involved in photochemical ones. The cellular and molecular pathways affected by IRA are partly similar and partly different with respect to those involved in the case of visible ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Consequently, the net effect of the SS is very difficult to predict at different levels of the biological organization, making more difficult the final balance of health risk and benefits (for the skin, eye, immune system, blood pressure, etc.) in a given exposure situation. Moreover, few in vivo studies and no epidemiological data are presently available in this regard. Investigating this topic may contribute to better defining the individual exposome. More practically, it is expected to bring benefits to the risk assessment and management for outdoor workers exposed to SS, contributing to: (1) better definition of the individual profiles of susceptibility, (2) more focused preventive and protective measures, (3) better implementation of the health surveillance and (4) a more effective information and training.
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Granger C, Aladren S, Delgado J, Garre A, Trullas C, Gilaberte Y. Prospective Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Food Supplement in Increasing Photoprotection and Improving Selective Markers Related to Skin Photo-Ageing. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10:163-178. [PMID: 31797305 PMCID: PMC6994571 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-00345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can cause oxidative stress, particularly in the absence of adequate protective measures or in individuals with a sensitive skin type. Most commonly, protection from UVR entails the use of topical sunscreens. Sunscreens, however, have various limitations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of an oral food supplement containing a combination of actives with mainly antioxidative properties (vitamins A, C, D3, E, selenium, lycopene, lutein, as well as green tea, polypodium and grape extracts) in the context of photoprotection. METHODS Photoprotective efficacy was assessed in a 12-week-long, open, prospective and monocentric clinical study with 30 subjects (27 women and 3 men) having a Fitzpatrick skin type I-III and manifesting clinical ageing signs. The study included several visits (14, 28, 56, and 84 days after starting supplement intake), in which photoprotection was evaluated by the measurement of the minimal erythema dose (MED), while the antioxidant capacity of the skin was assessed through ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Additionally, several skin parameters (including radiance, elasticity, and moisture) were evaluated. Product evaluation was performed throughout the length of the study by means of a self-assessment questionnaire, and safety was monitored through a self-recording of all observed adverse reactions. RESULTS The MED levels increased significantly compared to baseline throughout the study visits, reaching an increase of + 8.1% at T84, p < 0.001. FRAP results also indicated a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity of the skin compared to baseline (+ 22.7% at T84, p < 0.001), while the MDA assay showed a significant decrease in MDA concentration compared to baseline (- 6.4% at T84, p < 0.001) which, in line with the FRAP results, indicated enhanced antioxidative protection of the skin. All assessed skin parameters, including radiance (+ 36.1% at T84, p < 0.001), gross elasticity (+ 13.2% at T84, p < 0.001), net elasticity (+ 28.0% at T84, p < 0.001), and moisture (+ 13.8% at T84, p < 0.001) were also significantly improved. The product was well tolerated as no adverse events were attributed by the investigators to the use of the product. Additionally, the global score obtained from the self-assessment questionnaires provided overwhelmingly positive feedback from the study subjects. CONCLUSIONS The food supplement evaluated in this study was effective and well-tolerated by the subjects, demonstrating a beneficial effect in terms of photoprotection, enhancing the antioxidative status of the skin and improving general skin condition. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered 3rd October 2019, ISRCTN18121679.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aurora Garre
- Innovation and Development ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Saragossa, Spain
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40
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Are Environmental Interventions Targeting Skin Cancer Prevention among Children and Adolescents Effective? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020529. [PMID: 31947667 PMCID: PMC7013813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer, which is increasing exceedingly worldwide, is substantially preventable by reducing unprotected exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Several comprehensive interventions targeting sun protection behaviors among children and adolescents in various outdoor settings have been developed; however, there is a lack of insight on stand-alone effectiveness of environmental elements. To compose future skin cancer prevention interventions optimally, identification of effective environmental components is necessary. Hence, an extensive systematic literature search was conducted, using four scientific databases and one academic search engine. Seven relevant studies were evaluated based on stand-alone effects of various types of environmental sun safety interventions on socio-cognitive determinants, sun protection behaviors, UVR exposure, and incidence of sunburns and nevi. Free provision of sunscreen was most often the environmental component of interest, however showing inconsistent results in terms of effectiveness. Evidence regarding shade provision on shade-seeking behavior was most apparent. Even though more research is necessary to consolidate the findings, this review accentuates the promising role of environmental components in skin cancer prevention interventions and provides directions for future multi-component sun safety interventions targeted at children and adolescents in various outdoor settings.
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Queirós CS, Freitas JP. Sun Exposure: Beyond the Risks. Dermatol Pract Concept 2019; 9:249-252. [PMID: 31723456 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0904a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive solar exposure presents well-recognized risks and side effects, solar radiation being the most important environmental factor concerning skin cancer. In the last few years, several connections between solar exposure and prevention and/or treatment of several diseases have been discussed, with studies suggesting that regular solar exposure may be beneficial for conditions such as colorectal, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancer; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; arterial hypertension; obesity; type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome; nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis; multiple sclerosis; Alzheimer disease; and several psychiatric disturbances. In most cases, UV radiation's beneficial effects are mediated through vitamin D; however, studies show that in other instances other mediators are responsible for these associations, specifically nitric oxide. Moderation is therefore essential, as a strict strategy of total sun avoidance may be inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Soares Queirós
- Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Freitas
- Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
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Feliciano LM, Sávio ALV, de Castro Marcondes JP, da Silva GN, Salvadori DMF. Genetic Alterations in Patients with Two Clinical Phenotypes of Multiple Sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:120-130. [PMID: 31686392 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still not known, but the interaction of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors seem to be involved. This study aimed to investigate genetic alterations and the vitamin D status in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). A total of 53 patients (29 RRMS; 24 SPMS) and 25 healthy subjects were recruited to evaluate the micronucleated cell (MNC) frequency and nuclear abnormalities in the buccal mucosa, gene expression profiling in mononuclear cells, and plasmatic vitamin D concentration in the blood. Results showed a higher frequency of cells with karyorrhexis (SPMS) and lower frequencies of nuclear pyknosis (RRMS and SPMS) and karyolysis (SPMS) in patients with MS. Significant increase in the frequency of MNC was detected in the buccal mucosa of RRMS and SPMS patients. HIF1A, IL13, IL18, MYC, and TNF were differentially expressed in MS patients, and APP was overexpressed in cells of RRMS compared to SPMS patients. No relationship was observed between vitamin D level and the differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, the cytogenetic alterations in the buccal mucosa can be important indicators of genetic instability and degenerative processes in patients with MS. Furthermore, our data introduced novel biomarkers associated with the molecular pathogenesis of MS.
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43
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Nudelman KNH, McDonald BC, Lahiri DK, Saykin AJ. Biological Hallmarks of Cancer in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7173-7187. [PMID: 30993533 PMCID: PMC6728183 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an international health research priority for our aging population, little therapeutic progress has been made. This lack of progress may be partially attributable to disease heterogeneity. Previous studies have identified an inverse association of cancer and AD, suggesting that cancer history may be one source of AD heterogeneity. These findings are particularly interesting in light of the number of common risk factors and two-hit models hypothesized to commonly drive both diseases. We reviewed the ten hallmark biological alterations of cancer cells to investigate overlap with the AD literature and identified overlap of all ten hallmarks in AD, including (1) potentially common underlying risk factors, such as increased inflammation, deregulated cellular energetics, and genome instability; (2) inversely regulated mechanisms, including cell death and evading growth suppressors; and (3) functions with more complex, pleiotropic mechanisms, some of which may be stage-dependent in AD, such as cell adhesion/contact inhibition and angiogenesis. Additionally, we discuss the recent observation of a biological link between cancer and AD neuropathology. Finally, we address the therapeutic implications of this topic. The significant overlap of functional pathways and molecules between these diseases, some similarly and some oppositely regulated or functioning in each disease, supports the need for more research to elucidate cancer-related AD genetic and functional heterogeneity, with the aims of better understanding AD risk mediators, as well as further exploring the potential for some types of drug repurposing towards AD therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N. H. Nudelman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Brenna C. McDonald
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
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Mínguez-Alarcón L, Chiu YH, Nassan FL, Williams PL, Petrozza J, Ford JB, Calafat AM, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-3 and reproductive outcomes among women undergoing infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:390-398. [PMID: 31077917 PMCID: PMC6550292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 is used in a variety of cosmetic products as a sunscreen, and has shown weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activity in animal and in vitro studies. Few studies have evaluated whether benzophenone-3 is associated with reproductive outcomes among women. We studied 304 women undergoing infertility treatment (2007-2017) in the prospective Environment and Reproductive Health cohort study and who underwent 449 treatment cycles (n = 788 urines). Generalized linear mixed models were used with random intercepts to account for multiple cycles, and adjusting for confounders including physical activity. Analyses were also stratified by self-reported moderate/heavy outdoor work. The cycle-specific median (IQR) urinary benzophenone-3 concentration was 147 (58, 462) μg/L, and 98% samples had detectable concentrations. Self-reported sunscreen use, physical activity, and time spent on moderate/heavy outdoor work were positively associated with urinary benzophenone-3. Adjusted probabilities of implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth were higher in increasing quartiles of benzophenone-3, but these associations were restricted to women who reported spending time outdoors performing moderate/heavy work. Specifically, among these women, those in the highest quartile of benzophenone-3 concentrations had 51% higher implantation (p,trend = 0.02), 68% higher clinical pregnancy (p,trend = 0.01) and 75% higher live birth (p,trend = 0.02) adjusted probabilities than women in the lowest quartile. Benzophenone-3 was unrelated to these outcomes among women who did not report doing moderate/heavy work outdoors. These results confirm that sunscreen use is a source of benzophenone-3 exposure, and show positive associations between benzophenone-3 and pregnancy outcomes, especially among women who reported engaging in outdoor work. Since these associations may be subject to important residual confounding by lifestyle factors, further research is needed to confirm these novel results in other populations, and to investigate whether other factors may be affecting the relation of benzophenone-3 with fertility and other health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America.
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | - Feiby L Nassan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | - John Petrozza
- Division of Reproductive Medicine and IVF, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America; Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America; Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Corradi E, Baczynska KA, Morelii M, Giulietti D, Khazova M. Method for Measurements of Terrestrial Ultraviolet Radiation on Inclined Surfaces in Personal Dosimetry Field Studies. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1454-1460. [PMID: 31172526 DOI: 10.1111/php.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is essential for the evaluation of the health risks and benefits; however, personal dosimetry could be challenging in large-scale or/and long-term population studies. Alternatively, personal exposure could be simulated using three-dimensional models and lifestyle surveys together with data on a body position with respect to the sun. These models require a real-time input on local environmental UVR. The main challenge in using this method is retrieval of the diffuse irradiance as it requires an often-expensive tracking of solar position. In this study, a hypothesis that UVR measured on a vertical plane in the north direction can be used in the UK as a proxy for diffuse radiation was tested against direct measurements and compared with models based on solar tracker data in Chilton, UK, (51.57°N) in June-July 2018. The statistical analysis over 17 days under all weather conditions showed that for 45° and 90° tilted surfaces the proposed method performed as well as the best of the models based on solar tracker data. A proposed system could offer a portable and low-cost alternative to measurements of diffuse radiation by solar tracking radiometers for spatial distribution of terrestrial erythema effective UVR in population field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Corradi
- SiHealth, Didcot, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katarzyna A Baczynska
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | | | | | - Marina Khazova
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
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Gu JK, Charles LE, Millen AE, Violanti JM, Ma CC, Jenkins E, Andrew ME. Associations between adiposity measures and 25-hydroxyvitamin D among police officers. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23274. [PMID: 31565838 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies show that serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a biomarker for vitamin D status, are lower in persons with higher adiposity levels and that police officers have been found to have a high prevalence of obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between several adiposity measures and 25(OH)D, and also compare those measures to determine the best one that predicts insufficiency of 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL) among police officers in the Northeast area of the United States. METHODS Participants were 281 police officers (71.5% men) from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study (2011-2016). Associations of body mass index (BMI), abdominal height (AbHt), waist circumference (WC), WC-to-height ratio (WCHtR), percent body fat (PBF), and fat mass index (FMI) with 25(OH)D were obtained using multiple regression models after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, season, multivitamin supplement use, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of each adiposity measure to identify insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was 50.7% in men and 21.3% in women. Mean levels of 25(OH)D were 32.4 ng/mL in men and 34.4 ng/mL in women. After adjustment for covariates, PBF and FMI among men were inversely associated with 25(OH)D: PBF (β ± SE = -2.40 ± 1.01, P = .018); FMI (-2.21 ± 0.93, .018). Among women, no adiposity measure was associated with 25(OH)D. PBF was the best predictor of insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations regardless of gender (AUC = 0.878). CONCLUSION Adiposity measures were inversely associated with 25(OH)D, but differed between female and male officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja K Gu
- Bioanalylics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Luenda E Charles
- Bioanalylics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Claudia C Ma
- Bioanalylics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Emily Jenkins
- Bioanalylics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Bioanalylics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Cantorna MT, Rogers CJ, Arora J. Aligning the Paradoxical Role of Vitamin D in Gastrointestinal Immunity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:459-466. [PMID: 31122825 PMCID: PMC6588413 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and an immune-mediated attack against the commensal microbiota. Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that not only promotes calcium and phosphate absorption but also regulates immune function. The active form of vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] has been shown to suppress symptoms of IBD by inhibiting T cell responses. Host protection from gastrointestinal infection depends on T cells. Paradoxically, vitamin D deficiency increases susceptibility to IBD and gastrointestinal infection. Here we review the roles of vitamin D in immune cells using a kinetic model of the vitamin D-mediated effects on infection to explain the sometimes paradoxical effects of vitamin D on gastrointestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita T Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Juhi Arora
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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48
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Abstract
Objective: to summarise the activities that Vitamin D (VD) carries out in the brain and to clarify the potential role of VD in neurological diseases. Methods: a literature research has been performed in Pubmed using the following keywords: 'Vitamin D', 'nervous system', 'brain'. Results: the studies reviewed show that VD contributes to cerebral activity in both embryonic and adult brain, helping the connectivity of neural circuits responsible for locomotor, emotional and reward-dependent behavior. Low VD serum levels have been found in patients affected by Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Sleep Disorders and Schizophrenia. Discussion: findings are controversial and should be interpreted with caution, since most of the studies performed have observational study set and few interventional studies are available, producing conflicting results. Overall, it can be stated that the potential role of Vitamin D in neurological diseases is mostly unclear and further randomised controlled trials are needed to understand better whether Vitamin D supplementation treatment can be useful in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bivona
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giorgia Iacolino
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,Department and U.O.C. Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone" of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
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49
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Matsui T, Tanaka K, Yamashita H, Saneyasu KI, Tanaka H, Takasato Y, Sugiura S, Inagaki N, Ito K. Food allergy is linked to season of birth, sun exposure, and vitamin D deficiency. Allergol Int 2019; 68:172-177. [PMID: 30670337 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The season of birth and ultraviolet B exposure have been related to the occurrence of food allergy. The levels of vitamin D produced from skin by ultraviolet B exposure might reflect this relationship. Vitamin D is known to induce antimicrobial peptides, protect intestinal flora, enhance the gut epithelial barrier, suppress mast cell activation and IgE synthesis from B cells, and increase the number of tolerogenic dendritic cells and IL-10-producing regulatory T cells. Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to exacerbate sensitization and allergic symptoms in a murine model of food allergy. However, in clinical situations, contradictory observations have been reported regarding the relationship between food allergy and vitamin D deficiency/supplementation. In this review, we have explored the links between food allergy and vitamin D levels. One explanation for the discrepant findings is confounding factors such as race, age, residency, skin color, and epigenetic changes that contribute to vitamin D levels. In addition, the season of birth influences the development of atopic dermatitis, which could lead to food sensitization. Finally, ultraviolet radiation could lead to regulatory T cell expansion and immunosuppression, irrespective of vitamin D status. Based on our current understanding, we believe that correction of vitamin D deficiency by supplementation, appropriate skin care, and sufficient ultraviolet radiation exposure could alter the prognosis of food allergy. To identify potential treatment strategies for food allergy, it is essential to gain a better understanding of the appropriate levels of vitamin D and ultraviolet radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Matsui
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Kajiyo Tanaka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yamashita
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Saneyasu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takasato
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shiro Sugiura
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Inagaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Komei Ito
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
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50
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Nino S, Soin SP, Avilucea FR. Vitamin D and Metabolic Supplementation in Orthopedic Trauma. Orthop Clin North Am 2019; 50:171-179. [PMID: 30850076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Active assessment and management of hypovitaminosis D among orthopedic patients is low-risk and low-cost while retaining significant potential to improve patient care. Vitamin D has an established role in musculoskeletal development and calcium homeostasis, and vitamin D deficiency is pervasive in orthopedic trauma populations. Clinical guidelines for screening and supplementation for hypovitaminosis D are lacking. Literature on the effects of vitamin K on bone health is limited. Anabolic hormone analogues may have a future role in delayed union or nonunion treatment. Vitamin D deficiency and other endocrine abnormalities should be considered in orthopedic trauma patients presenting with fracture nonunion of uncertain cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Nino
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orlando Health, Orlando Health Orthopaedic Institute, 1222 South Orange Avenue, MP 43, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - Sandeep P Soin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orlando Health, Orlando Health Orthopaedic Institute, 1222 South Orange Avenue, MP 43, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - Frank R Avilucea
- Level One Orthopedics, Orlando Health, Orlando Health Orthopaedic Institute, 1222 South Orange Avenue, MP 43, Orlando, FL 32806, USA.
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