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Iyer P, Ojcius DM. Unveiling the Mycobiota: The Fungal Frontier of Human Health. Biomed J 2024:100751. [PMID: 38838983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiota and its effect on health has been extensively studied over the past decade. In many studies, the term microbiota has become synonymous with the bacterial component of the microbiota. Other microbes in the microbiota, such as viruses and fungi, have been neglected until recently. This special issue provides some background on the mycobiota and explores the role of gut fungi in human diseases such as cancer, metabolic diseases, and infection by Clostridiodes difficile, and describes the incidence of fungal infections in transplant patients. The mycobiota, once overlooked, now garners increasing attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvati Iyer
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Chuandong Z, Hu J, Li J, Wu Y, Wu C, Lai G, Shen H, Wu F, Tao C, Liu S, Zhang W, Shao H. Distribution and roles of Ligilactobacillus murinus in hosts. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127648. [PMID: 38367479 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Ligilactobacillus murinus, a member of the Ligilactobacillus genus, holds significant potential as a probiotic. While research on Ligilactobacillus murinus has been relatively limited compared to well-studied probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus gasseri, a mounting body of evidence highlights its extensive involvement in host intestinal metabolism and immune activities. Moreover, its abundance exhibits a close correlation with intestinal health. Notably, beyond the intestinal context, Ligilactobacillus murinus is gaining recognition for its contributions to metabolism and regulation in the oral cavity, lungs, and vagina. As such, Ligilactobacillus murinus emerges as a potential probiotic candidate with a pivotal role in supporting host well-being. This review delves into studies elucidating the multifaceted roles of Ligilactobacillus murinus. It also examines its medicinal potential and associated challenges, underscoring the imperative to delve deeper into unraveling the mechanisms of its actions and exploring its health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chuandong
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jicong Hu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiawen Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuting Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chan Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guanxi Lai
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Han Shen
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fenglin Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Changli Tao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Shao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. Ascomycetes yeasts: The hidden part of human microbiome. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1641. [PMID: 38228159 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The fungal component of the microbiota, the mycobiota, has been neglected for a long time due to its poor richness compared to bacteria. Limitations in fungal detection and taxonomic identification arise from using metagenomic approaches, often borrowed from bacteriome analyses. However, the relatively recent discoveries of the ability of fungi to modulate the host immune response and their involvement in human diseases have made mycobiota a fundamental component of the microbial communities inhabiting the human host, deserving some consideration in host-microbe interaction studies and in metagenomics. Here, we reviewed recent data on the identification of yeasts of the Ascomycota phylum across human body districts, focusing on the most representative genera, that is, Saccharomyces and Candida. Then, we explored the key factors involved in shaping the human mycobiota across the lifespan, ranging from host genetics to environment, diet, and lifestyle habits. Finally, we discussed the strengths and weaknesses of culture-dependent and independent methods for mycobiota characterization. Overall, there is still room for some improvements, especially regarding fungal-specific methodological approaches and bioinformatics challenges, which are still critical steps in mycobiota analysis, and to advance our knowledge on the role of the gut mycobiota in human health and disease. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Mok K, Poolsawat T, Somnuk S, Wanikorn B, Patumcharoenpol P, Nitisinprasert S, Vongsangnak W, Nakphaichit M. Preliminary characterization of gut mycobiome enterotypes reveals the correlation trends between host metabolic parameter and diet: a case study in the Thai Cohort. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5805. [PMID: 38461361 PMCID: PMC10924899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between the gut mycobiome and its potential influence on host metabolism in the Thai Cohort was assessed. Two distinct predominant enterotypes, Saccharomyces (Sa) and Aspergillus/Penicillium (Ap/Pe) showed differences in gut mycobiota diversity and composition. Notably, the Sa enterotype exhibited lower evenness and richness, likely due to the prevalence of Saccharomyces, while both enterotypes displayed unique metabolic behaviors related to nutrient metabolism and body composition. Fiber consumption was positively correlated with adverse body composition and fasting glucose levels in individuals with the Sa enterotype, whereas in the Ap/Pe enterotype it was positively correlated with fat and protein intake. The metabolic functional analysis revealed the Sa enterotype associated with carbohydrate metabolism, while the Ap/Pe enterotype involved in lipid metabolism. Very interestingly, the genes involved in the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway, such as polygalacturonase and L-arabinose-isomerase, were enriched in the Sa enterotype signifying a metabolic capacity for complex carbohydrate degradation and utilization of less common sugars as energy sources. These findings highlight the interplay between gut mycobiome composition, dietary habits, and metabolic outcomes within the Thai cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mok
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thitirat Poolsawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Research Unit: Functional Food and Human Health Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Surasawadee Somnuk
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Bandhita Wanikorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Research Unit: Functional Food and Human Health Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Preecha Patumcharoenpol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sunee Nitisinprasert
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Kellogg TD, Ceglia S, Mortzfeld BM, Zeamer AL, Foley SE, Ward DV, Bhattarai SK, McCormick BA, Reboldi A, Bucci V. Microbiota encoded fatty-acid metabolism expands tuft cells to protect tissues homeostasis during Clostridioides difficile infection in the large intestine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.29.574039. [PMID: 38352546 PMCID: PMC10862725 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.29.574039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic byproducts of the intestinal microbiota are crucial in maintaining host immune tone and shaping inter-species ecological dynamics. Among these metabolites, succinate is a driver of tuft cell (TC) differentiation and consequent type 2 immunity-dependent protection against invading parasites in the small intestine. Succinate is also a growth enhancer of the nosocomial pathogen Clostridioides difficile in the large intestine. To date, no research has shown the role of succinate in modulating TC dynamics in the large intestine, or the relevance of this immune pathway to C. difficile pathophysiology. Here we reveal the existence of a three-way circuit between commensal microbes, C. difficile and host epithelial cells which centers around succinate. Through selective microbiota depletion experiments we demonstrate higher levels of type 2 cytokines leading to expansion of TCs in the colon. We then demonstrate the causal role of the microbiome in modulating colonic TC abundance and subsequent type 2 cytokine induction using rational supplementation experiments with fecal transplants and microbial consortia of succinate-producing bacteria. We show that administration of a succinate-deficient Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron knockout (Δfrd) significantly reduces the enhanced type 2 immunity in mono-colonized mice. Finally, we demonstrate that mice prophylactically administered with the consortium of succinate-producing bacteria show reduced C. difficile-induced morbidity and mortality compared to mice administered with heat-killed bacteria or the vehicle. This effect is reduced in a partial tuft cell knockout mouse, Pou2f3+/-, and nullified in the tuft cell knockout mouse, Pou2f3-/-, confirming that the observed protection occurs via the TC pathway. Succinate is an intermediary metabolite of the production of short-chain fatty acids, and its concentration often increases during dysbiosis. The first barrier to enteric pathogens alike is the intestinal epithelial barrier, and host maintenance and strengthening of barrier integrity is vital to homeostasis. Considering our data, we propose that activation of TC by the microbiota-produced succinate in the colon is a mechanism evolved by the host to counterbalance microbiome-derived cues that facilitate invasion by intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasia D. Kellogg
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Simona Ceglia
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Benedikt M. Mortzfeld
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Abigail L. Zeamer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sage E. Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Current address: Transformational and Translational Immunology Discovery Department, AbbVie, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shakti K. Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Ho SM, Tsai WH, Lai CH, Chiang MH, Lee WP, Wu HY, Bai PY, Wu T, Wu CL. Probiotic Lactobacillus spp. improves Drosophila memory by increasing lactate dehydrogenase levels in the brain mushroom body neurons. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2316533. [PMID: 38372783 PMCID: PMC10877976 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2316533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that offer potential benefits to their hosts and can occasionally influence behavioral responses. However, the detailed mechanisms by which probiotics affect the behavior of their hosts and the underlying biogenic effects remain unclear. Lactic acid bacteria, specifically Lactobacillus spp. are known probiotics. Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly, is a well-established model organism for investigating the interaction between the host and gut microbiota in translational research. Herein, we showed that 5-day administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus (termed GMNL-185) or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (termed GMNL-680) enhances olfactory-associative memory in Drosophila. Moreover, a combined diet of GMNL-185 and GMNL-680 demonstrated synergistic effects on memory functions. Live brain imaging revealed a significant increase in calcium responses to the training odor in the mushroom body β and γ lobes of flies that underwent mixed feeding with GMNL-185 and GMNL-680. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and whole-mount brain immunohistochemistry revealed significant upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression in the fly brain following the mixed feeding. Notably, the genetic knockdown of Ldh in neurons, specifically in mushroom body, ameliorated the beneficial effects of mixed feeding with GMNL-185 and GMNL-680 on memory improvement. Altogether, our results demonstrate that supplementation with L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus enhances memory functions in flies by increasing brain LDH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk-Man Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hua Tsai
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Po Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tony Wu
- Department of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Kumbhare SV, Pedroso I, Ugalde JA, Márquez-Miranda V, Sinha R, Almonacid DE. Drug and gut microbe relationships: Moving beyond antibiotics. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103797. [PMID: 37806386 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of drug-microbe relationships has evolved from viewing microbes as mere drug producers to a dynamic, modifiable system where they can serve as drugs or targets of precision pharmacology. This review highlights recent findings on the gut microbiome, particularly focusing on four aspects of research: (i) drugs for bugs, covering recent strategies for targeting gut pathogens; (ii) bugs as drugs, including probiotics; (iii) drugs from bugs, including postbiotics; and (iv) bugs and drugs, discussing additional types of drug-microbe interactions. This review provides a perspective on future translational research, including efficient companion diagnostics in pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan A Ugalde
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Márquez-Miranda
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Liu Q, Zhang W, Pei Y, Tao H, Ma J, Li R, Zhang F, Wang L, Shen L, Liu Y, Jia X, Hu Y. Gut mycobiome as a potential non-invasive tool in early detection of lung adenocarcinoma: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med 2023; 21:409. [PMID: 37904139 PMCID: PMC10617124 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut mycobiome of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unexplored. This study aimed to characterize the gut mycobiome in patients with LUAD and evaluate the potential of gut fungi as non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis. METHODS In total, 299 fecal samples from Beijing, Suzhou, and Hainan were collected prospectively. Using internal transcribed spacer 2 sequencing, we profiled the gut mycobiome. Five supervised machine learning algorithms were trained on fungal signatures to build an optimized prediction model for LUAD in a discovery cohort comprising 105 patients with LUAD and 61 healthy controls (HCs) from Beijing. Validation cohorts from Beijing, Suzhou, and Hainan comprising 44, 17, and 15 patients with LUAD and 26, 19, and 12 HCs, respectively, were used to evaluate efficacy. RESULTS Fungal biodiversity and richness increased in patients with LUAD. At the phylum level, the abundance of Ascomycota decreased, while that of Basidiomycota increased in patients with LUAD. Candida and Saccharomyces were the dominant genera, with a reduction in Candida and an increase in Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, and Apiotrichum in patients with LUAD. Nineteen operational taxonomic unit markers were selected, and excellent performance in predicting LUAD was achieved (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.9350) using a random forest model with outcomes superior to those of four other algorithms. The AUCs of the Beijing, Suzhou, and Hainan validation cohorts were 0.9538, 0.9628, and 0.8833, respectively. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the gut fungal profiles of patients with LUAD were shown to represent potential non-invasive biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Liu
- Graduate School, Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian Distrist, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Graduate School, Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yanbin Pei
- Graduate School, Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Tao
- Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian Distrist, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Junxun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian Distrist, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Health Medicine, Second Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian Distrist, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian Distrist, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Leilei Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hainan Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian Distrist, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian Distrist, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Li W, Shu Y, Zhang J, Wu M, Zhu GH, Huang WY, Shen L, Kang Y. Long-term prednisone treatment causes fungal microbiota dysbiosis and alters the ecological interaction between gut mycobiome and bacteriome in rats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1112767. [PMID: 37342562 PMCID: PMC10277626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Prednisone is one of the most commonly used GCs. However, it is still unknown whether prednisone affects gut fungi in rats. Herein we investigated whether prednisone changed the composition of gut fungi and the interactions between gut mycobiome and bacteriome/fecal metabolome in rats. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control group and a prednisone group which received prednisone daily by gavage for 6 weeks. ITS2 rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples was performed to identify differentially abundant gut fungi. The associations between gut mycobiome and bacterial genera/fecal metabolites obtained from our previously published study were explored by using Spearman correlation analysis. Our data showed that there were no changes in the richness of gut mycobiome in rats after prednisone treatment, but the diversity increased significantly. The relative abundance of genera Triangularia and Ciliophora decreased significantly. At the species level, the relative abundance of Aspergillus glabripes increased significantly, while Triangularia mangenotii and Ciliophora sp. decreased. In addition, prednisone altered the gut fungi-bacteria interkingdom interactions in rats after prednisone treatment. Additionally, the genus Triangularia was negatively correlated with m-aminobenzoic acid, but positively correlated with hydrocinnamic acid and valeric acid. Ciliophora was negatively correlated with phenylalanine and homovanillic acid, but positively correlated with 2-Phenylpropionate, hydrocinnamic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid. In conclusion, long-term prednisone treatment caused fungal microbiota dysbiosis and might alter the ecological interaction between gut mycobiome and bacteriome in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-hua Zhu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-yan Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Kang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang L, Zhang K, Zeng Y, Luo Y, Peng J, Zhang J, Kuang T, Fan G. Gut mycobiome and metabolic diseases: The known, the unknown, and the future. Pharmacol Res 2023; 193:106807. [PMID: 37244385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity, have become a major public health problem worldwide. In recent years, most research on the role of gut microbes in metabolic diseases has focused on bacteria, whereas fungal microbes have been neglected. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of gut fungal alterations in T2DM, obesity, and NAFLD, and to discuss the mechanisms associated with disease development. In addition, several novel strategies targeting gut mycobiome and/or their metabolites to improve T2DM, obesity and NAFLD, including fungal probiotics, antifungal drugs, dietary intervention, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are critically discussed. The accumulated evidence suggests that gut mycobiome plays an important role in the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. The possible mechanisms by which the gut mycobiome affects metabolic diseases include fungal-induced immune responses, fungal-bacterial interactions, and fungal-derived metabolites. Candida albicans, Aspergillus and Meyerozyma may be potential pathogens of metabolic diseases because they can activate the immune system and/or produce harmful metabolites. Moreover, Saccharomyces boulardii, S. cerevisiae, Alternaria, and Cochliobolus fungi may have the potential to improve metabolic diseases. The information may provide an important reference for the development of new therapeutics for metabolic diseases based on gut mycobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yujiao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiayan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
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Hartmann P, Schnabl B. Fungal infections and the fungal microbiome in hepatobiliary disorders. J Hepatol 2023; 78:836-851. [PMID: 36565724 PMCID: PMC10033447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver and biliary diseases affect more than a billion people worldwide, with high associated morbidity and mortality. The impact of the intestinal bacterial microbiome on liver diseases has been well established. However, the fungal microbiome, or mycobiome, has been overlooked for a long time. Recently, several studies have shed light on the role of the mycobiome in the development and progression of hepatobiliary diseases. In particular, the fungal genus Candida has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple hepatobiliary conditions. Herein, we compare colonisation and infection, describe mycobiome findings in the healthy state and across the various hepatobiliary conditions, and point toward communalities. We detail how quantitation of immune responses to fungal antigens can be employed to predict disease severity, e.g. using antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae or specific anti-Candida albicans antibodies. We also show how fungal products (e.g. beta-glucans, candidalysin) activate the host's immune system to exacerbate liver and biliary diseases. Finally, we describe how the gut mycobiome can be modulated to ameliorate hepatobiliary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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The Role of the Mycobiome in Women’s Health. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030348. [PMID: 36983516 PMCID: PMC10051763 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the human bacteriome and virome have gained a great deal of attention over the years, the human mycobiome has been far more neglected despite having significant value and implications in human health. In women, mycobiome profiles in breastmilk, vaginal regions, the gut, skin, and the oral cavity can provide insight into women’s health, diseases, and microbiome dysbiosis. Analyses of mycobiome composition under factors, such as health, age, diet, weight, and drug exposure (including antibiotic therapies), help to elucidate the various roles of women’s mycobiome in homeostasis, microbiome interactions (synergistic and antagonistic), and health. This review summarizes the most recent updates to mycobiome knowledge in these critical areas.
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