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Kellogg TD, Ceglia S, Mortzfeld BM, Zeamer AL, Foley SE, Ward DV, Bhattarai SK, McCormick BA, Reboldi A, Bucci V. Microbiota encoded fatty-acid metabolism expands tuft cells to protect tissues homeostasis during Clostridioides difficile infection in the large intestine. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.29.574039. [PMID: 38352546 PMCID: PMC10862725 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.29.574039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic byproducts of the intestinal microbiota are crucial in maintaining host immune tone and shaping inter-species ecological dynamics. Among these metabolites, succinate is a driver of tuft cell (TC) differentiation and consequent type 2 immunity-dependent protection against invading parasites in the small intestine. Succinate is also a growth enhancer of the nosocomial pathogen Clostridioides difficile in the large intestine. To date, no research has shown the role of succinate in modulating TC dynamics in the large intestine, or the relevance of this immune pathway to C. difficile pathophysiology. Here we reveal the existence of a three-way circuit between commensal microbes, C. difficile and host epithelial cells which centers around succinate. Through selective microbiota depletion experiments we demonstrate higher levels of type 2 cytokines leading to expansion of TCs in the colon. We then demonstrate the causal role of the microbiome in modulating colonic TC abundance and subsequent type 2 cytokine induction using rational supplementation experiments with fecal transplants and microbial consortia of succinate-producing bacteria. We show that administration of a succinate-deficient Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron knockout (Δfrd) significantly reduces the enhanced type 2 immunity in mono-colonized mice. Finally, we demonstrate that mice prophylactically administered with the consortium of succinate-producing bacteria show reduced C. difficile-induced morbidity and mortality compared to mice administered with heat-killed bacteria or the vehicle. This effect is reduced in a partial tuft cell knockout mouse, Pou2f3+/-, and nullified in the tuft cell knockout mouse, Pou2f3-/-, confirming that the observed protection occurs via the TC pathway. Succinate is an intermediary metabolite of the production of short-chain fatty acids, and its concentration often increases during dysbiosis. The first barrier to enteric pathogens alike is the intestinal epithelial barrier, and host maintenance and strengthening of barrier integrity is vital to homeostasis. Considering our data, we propose that activation of TC by the microbiota-produced succinate in the colon is a mechanism evolved by the host to counterbalance microbiome-derived cues that facilitate invasion by intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasia D. Kellogg
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Simona Ceglia
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Benedikt M. Mortzfeld
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Abigail L. Zeamer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sage E. Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Current address: Transformational and Translational Immunology Discovery Department, AbbVie, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shakti K. Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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2
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Xia Y, Xiao Y, Wang ZH, Liu X, Alam AM, Haran JP, McCormick BA, Shu X, Wang X, Ye K. Bacteroides Fragilis in the gut microbiomes of Alzheimer's disease activates microglia and triggers pathogenesis in neuronal C/EBPβ transgenic mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5471. [PMID: 37673907 PMCID: PMC10482867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, and Bacteroides strains are selectively elevated in AD gut microbiota. However, it remains unknown which Bacteroides species and how their metabolites trigger AD pathologies. Here we show that Bacteroides fragilis and their metabolites 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHTrE) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) activate microglia and induce AD pathogenesis in neuronal C/EBPβ transgenic mice. Recolonization of antibiotics cocktail-pretreated Thy1-C/EBPβ transgenic mice with AD patient fecal samples elicits AD pathologies, associated with C/EBPβ/Asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) pathway upregulation, microglia activation, and cognitive disorders compared to mice receiving healthy donors' fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Microbial 16S rRNA sequencing analysis shows higher abundance of proinflammatory Bacteroides fragilis in AD-FMT mice. Active components characterization from the sera and brains of the transplanted mice revealed that both 12-HHTrE and PGE2 activate primary microglia, fitting with poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites enrichment identified by metabolomics. Strikingly, recolonization with live but not dead Bacteroides fragilis elicited AD pathologies in Thy1-C/EBPβ transgenic mice, so did 12-HHTrE or PGE2 treatment alone. Collectively, our findings support a causal role for Bacteroides fragilis and the PUFA metabolites in activating microglia and inducing AD pathologies in Thy1- C/EBPβ transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, HB, 430056, China
| | - Yifan Xiao
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, HB, 430056, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ashfaqul M Alam
- University of Kentucky, Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics Office - MN 376, Medical Science Building, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John P Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Xiji Shu
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, HB, 430056, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neurodegeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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3
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Murphy CK, Dixit B, Oleson FB, Dolle RE, Farquhar R, McCormick BA. Development of ADS051, an oral, gut-restricted, small molecule neutrophil modulator for the treatment of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases. FEBS Open Bio 2023. [PMID: 37392453 PMCID: PMC10392058 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are an essential component of the innate immune system; however, uncontrolled neutrophil activity can lead to inflammation and tissue damage in acute and chronic diseases. Despite inclusion of neutrophil presence and activity in clinical evaluations of inflammatory diseases, the neutrophil has been an overlooked therapeutic target. The goal of this program was to design a small molecule regulator of neutrophil trafficking and activity that fulfilled the following criteria: (a) modulates neutrophil epithelial transmigration and activation, (b) lacks systemic exposure, (c) preserves protective host immunity, and (d) is administered orally. The result of this discovery program was ADS051 (also known as BT051), a low permeability, small molecule modulator of neutrophil trafficking and activity via blockade of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2)- and formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1)-mediated mechanisms. ADS051, based on a modified scaffold derived from cyclosporine A (CsA), was designed to have reduced affinity for calcineurin with low cell permeability and, thus, a greatly reduced ability to inhibit T-cell function. In cell-based assays, ADS051 did not inhibit cytokine secretion from activated human T cells. Further, in preclinical models, ADS051 showed limited systemic absorption (<1% of total dose) after oral administration, and assessment of ADS051 in human, cell-based systems demonstrated inhibition of neutrophil epithelial transmigration. In addition, preclinical toxicology studies in rats and monkeys receiving daily oral doses of ADS051 for 28 days did not reveal safety risks or ADS051-related toxicity. Our results to date support the clinical development of ADS051 in patients with neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Murphy
- Adiso Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly Bacainn Therapeutics, Inc.), Concord, MA, United States of America
| | - Bharat Dixit
- Adiso Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly Bacainn Therapeutics, Inc.), Concord, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Roland E Dolle
- Medicine Inventions, LLC, Eureka, MO, United States of America
| | - Ronald Farquhar
- Adiso Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly Bacainn Therapeutics, Inc.), Concord, MA, United States of America
- Resolvix Bio, Inc, Battery Wharf, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
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Mortzfeld BM, Palmer JD, Bhattarai SK, Dupre HL, Mercado-Lubio R, Silby MW, Bang C, McCormick BA, Bucci V. Microcin MccI47 selectively inhibits enteric bacteria and reduces carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization in vivo when administered via an engineered live biotherapeutic. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2127633. [PMID: 36175830 PMCID: PMC9542533 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2127633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the reservoir for multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, specifically carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteriaceae, which often lead to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes, severe extraintestinal infections, and lethal outcomes. Selective GI decolonization has been proposed as a new strategy for preventing transmission to other body sites and minimizing spreading to susceptible individuals. Here, we purify the to-date uncharacterized class IIb microcin I47 (MccI47) and demonstrate potent inhibition of numerous Enterobacteriaceae, including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, in vitro at concentrations resembling those of commonly prescribed antibiotics. We then genetically modify the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to produce MccI47 from a stable multicopy plasmid by using MccI47 toxin production in a counterselection mechanism to engineer one of the native EcN plasmids, which renders provisions for inducible expression and plasmid selection unnecessary. We then test the clinical relevance of the MccI47-producing engineered EcN in a murine CR K. pneumoniae colonization model and demonstrate significant MccI47-dependent reduction of CR K. pneumoniae abundance after seven days of daily oral live biotherapeutic administration without disruption of the resident microbiota. This study provides the first demonstration of MccI47 as a potent antimicrobial against certain Enterobacteriaceae, and its ability to significantly reduce the abundance of CR K. pneumoniae in a preclinical animal model, when delivered from an engineered live biotherapeutic product. This study serves as the foundational step toward the use of engineered live biotherapeutic products aimed at the selective removal of MDR pathogens from the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt M. Mortzfeld
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,CONTACT Benedikt M. Mortzfeld Program in Microbiome Dynamics Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jacob D. Palmer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shakti K. Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Haley L. Dupre
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Regino Mercado-Lubio
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mark W. Silby
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Systems Biology, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Vanni Bucci Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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5
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McCormick BA, Inadomi JM. The Microbiome Modifies the Effect of Diet on Colorectal Cancer Incidence. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:812-813. [PMID: 35940254 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| | - John M Inadomi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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6
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Bradley ES, Zeamer AL, Bucci V, Cincotta L, Salive MC, Dutta P, Mutaawe S, Anya O, Tocci C, Moormann A, Ward DV, McCormick BA, Haran JP. Oropharyngeal microbiome profiled at admission is predictive of the need for respiratory support among COVID-19 patients. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1009440. [PMID: 36246273 PMCID: PMC9561819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1009440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oropharyngeal microbiome, the collective genomes of the community of microorganisms that colonizes the upper respiratory tract, is thought to influence the clinical course of infection by respiratory viruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we examined the oropharyngeal microbiome of suspected COVID-19 patients presenting to the Emergency Department and an inpatient COVID-19 unit with symptoms of acute COVID-19. Of 115 initially enrolled patients, 50 had positive molecular testing for COVID-19+ and had symptom duration of 14 days or less. These patients were analyzed further as progression of disease could most likely be attributed to acute COVID-19 and less likely a secondary process. Of these, 38 (76%) went on to require some form of supplemental oxygen support. To identify functional patterns associated with respiratory illness requiring respiratory support, we applied an interpretable random forest classification machine learning pipeline to shotgun metagenomic sequencing data and select clinical covariates. When combined with clinical factors, both species and metabolic pathways abundance-based models were found to be highly predictive of the need for respiratory support (F1-score 0.857 for microbes and 0.821 for functional pathways). To determine biologically meaningful and highly predictive signals in the microbiome, we applied the Stable and Interpretable RUle Set to the output of the models. This analysis revealed that low abundance of two commensal organisms, Prevotella salivae or Veillonella infantium (< 4.2 and 1.7% respectively), and a low abundance of a pathway associated with LPS biosynthesis (< 0.1%) were highly predictive of developing the need for acute respiratory support (82 and 91.4% respectively). These findings suggest that the composition of the oropharyngeal microbiome in COVID-19 patients may play a role in determining who will suffer from severe disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan S. Bradley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Evan S. Bradley,
| | - Abigail L. Zeamer
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Physiologic Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Physiologic Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lindsey Cincotta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Marie-Claire Salive
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Protiva Dutta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Shafik Mutaawe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Otuwe Anya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Christopher Tocci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnique Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Ann Moormann
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Physiologic Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Physiologic Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - John P. Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Physiologic Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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7
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Grey MJ, De Luca H, Ward DV, Kreulen IA, Bugda Gwilt K, Foley SE, Thiagarajah JR, McCormick BA, Turner JR, Lencer WI. The epithelial-specific ER stress sensor ERN2/IRE1β enables host-microbiota crosstalk to affect colon goblet cell development. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e153519. [PMID: 35727638 PMCID: PMC9435652 DOI: 10.1172/jci153519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts uniquely express ERN2/IRE1β, a paralogue of the most evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor, ERN1/IRE1α. How ERN2 functions at the host-environment interface and why a second paralogue evolved remain incompletely understood. Using conventionally raised and germ-free Ern2-/- mice, we found that ERN2 was required for microbiota-induced goblet cell maturation and mucus barrier assembly in the colon. This occurred only after colonization of the alimentary tract with normal gut microflora, which induced Ern2 expression. ERN2 acted by splicing Xbp1 mRNA to expand ER function and prevent ER stress in goblet cells. Although ERN1 can also splice Xbp1 mRNA, it did not act redundantly to ERN2 in this context. By regulating assembly of the colon mucus layer, ERN2 further shaped the composition of the gut microbiota. Mice lacking Ern2 had a dysbiotic microbial community that failed to induce goblet cell development and increased susceptibility to colitis when transferred into germ-free WT mice. These results show that ERN2 evolved at mucosal surfaces to mediate crosstalk between gut microbes and the colonic epithelium required for normal homeostasis and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Grey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heidi De Luca
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, and
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irini A.M. Kreulen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katlynn Bugda Gwilt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sage E. Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, and
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jay R. Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, and
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wayne I. Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Grey MJ, De Luca H, McCormick BA, Turner JR, Lencer WI. The Epithelial‐Specific ER Stress Sensor IRE1β Enables Host‐Microbiota Crosstalk to Affect Colon Goblet Cell Development. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Grey
- Gastroenterology and NutritionBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Heidi De Luca
- Gastroenterology and NutritionBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
| | - Wayne I. Lencer
- Gastroenterology and NutritionBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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9
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Olendzki B, Bucci V, Cawley C, Maserati R, McManus M, Olednzki E, Madziar C, Chiang D, Ward DV, Pellish R, Foley C, Bhattarai S, McCormick BA, Maldonado-Contreras A. Dietary manipulation of the gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease patients: Pilot study. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2046244. [PMID: 35311458 PMCID: PMC8942410 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2046244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable, noninvasive, inexpensive behavior that is crucial in shaping the intestinal microbiome. A microbiome "imbalance" or dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to inflammation. Here, we aim to define the impact of specific foods on bacterial species commonly depleted in patients with IBD to better inform dietary treatment. We performed a single-arm, pre-post intervention trial. After a baseline period, a dietary intervention with the IBD-Anti-Inflammatory Diet (IBD-AID) was initiated. We collected stool and blood samples and assessed dietary intake throughout the study. We applied advanced computational approaches to define and model complex interactions between the foods reported and the microbiome. A dense dataset comprising 553 dietary records and 340 stool samples was obtained from 22 participants. Consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and beneficial foods correlated with increased abundance of Clostridia and Bacteroides, commonly depleted in IBD cohorts. We further show that specific foods categorized as prebiotics or adverse foods are correlated to levels of cytokines in serum (i.e., GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha) that play a central role in IBD pathogenesis. By using robust predictive analytics, this study represents the first steps to detangle diet-microbiome and diet-immune interactions to inform personalized nutrition for patients suffering from dysbiosis-related IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Olendzki
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program of Microbiome Dynamics. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin Cawley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program of Microbiome Dynamics. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rene Maserati
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program of Microbiome Dynamics. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret McManus
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Effie Olednzki
- Center for Applied Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Camilla Madziar
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Chiang
- Department of Medicine,University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program of Microbiome Dynamics. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall Pellish
- UMass Memorial Medical Center University Campus, Department of Gastroenterology
| | - Christine Foley
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shakti Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program of Microbiome Dynamics. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program of Microbiome Dynamics. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Maldonado-Contreras
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program of Microbiome Dynamics. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA,CONTACT Ana Maldonado-Contreras Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program of Microbiome Dynamics, 368 Plantation Street, Albert Sherman Center, Office AS.81045, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Shi Q, Herbert C, Ward DV, Simin K, McCormick BA, Ellison Iii RT, Zai AH. COVID-19 Variant Surveillance and Social Determinants in Central Massachusetts: Development Study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e37858. [PMID: 35658093 PMCID: PMC9196873 DOI: 10.2196/37858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public health scientists have used spatial tools such as web-based Geographical Information System (GIS) applications to monitor and forecast the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic and track the impact of their interventions. The ability to track SARS-CoV-2 variants and incorporate the social determinants of health with street-level granularity can facilitate the identification of local outbreaks, highlight variant-specific geospatial epidemiology, and inform effective interventions. We developed a novel dashboard, the University of Massachusetts’ Graphical user interface for Geographic Information (MAGGI) variant tracking system that combines GIS, health-associated sociodemographic data, and viral genomic data to visualize the spatiotemporal incidence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with street-level resolution while safeguarding protected health information. The specificity and richness of the dashboard enhance the local understanding of variant introductions and transmissions so that appropriate public health strategies can be devised and evaluated. Objective We developed a web-based dashboard that simultaneously visualizes the geographic distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Central Massachusetts, the social determinants of health, and vaccination data to support public health efforts to locally mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods MAGGI uses a server-client model–based system, enabling users to access data and visualizations via an encrypted web browser, thus securing patient health information. We integrated data from electronic medical records, SARS-CoV-2 genomic analysis, and public health resources. We developed the following functionalities into MAGGI: spatial and temporal selection capability by zip codes of interest, the detection of variant clusters, and a tool to display variant distribution by the social determinants of health. MAGGI was built on the Environmental Systems Research Institute ecosystem and is readily adaptable to monitor other infectious diseases and their variants in real-time. Results We created a geo-referenced database and added sociodemographic and viral genomic data to the ArcGIS dashboard that interactively displays Central Massachusetts’ spatiotemporal variants distribution. Genomic epidemiologists and public health officials use MAGGI to show the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants at high geographic resolution and refine the display by selecting a combination of data features such as variant subtype, subject zip codes, or date of COVID-19–positive sample collection. Furthermore, they use it to scale time and space to visualize association patterns between socioeconomics, social vulnerability based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s social vulnerability index, and vaccination rates. We launched the system at the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School to support internal research projects starting in March 2021. Conclusions We developed a COVID-19 variant surveillance dashboard to advance our geospatial technologies to study SARS-CoV-2 variants transmission dynamics. This real-time, GIS-based tool exemplifies how spatial informatics can support public health officials, genomics epidemiologists, infectious disease specialists, and other researchers to track and study the spread patterns of SARS-CoV-2 variants in our communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Shi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Carly Herbert
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Doyle V Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Research, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Karl Simin
- Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Research, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Richard T Ellison Iii
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Adrian H Zai
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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11
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Bradley ES, Zeamer AL, Bucci V, Cincotta L, Salive MC, Dutta P, Mutaawe S, Anya O, Tocci C, Moormann A, Ward DV, McCormick BA, Haran JP. Oropharyngeal Microbiome Profiled at Admission is Predictive of the Need for Respiratory Support Among COVID-19 Patients. medRxiv 2022. [PMID: 35262096 PMCID: PMC8902889 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.28.22271627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course of infection due to respiratory viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is thought to be influenced by the community of organisms that colonizes the upper respiratory tract, the oropharyngeal microbiome. In this study, we examined the oropharyngeal microbiome of suspected COVID-19 patients presenting to the Emergency Department and an inpatient COVID-19 unit with symptoms of acute COVID-19. Of 115 enrolled patients, 74 were confirmed COVID-19+ and 50 had symptom duration of 14 days or less; 38 acute COVID-19+ patients (76%) went on to require respiratory support. Although no microbiome features were found to be significantly different between COVID-19+ and COVID-19-patients, when we conducted random forest classification modeling (RFC) to predict the need of respiratory support for the COVID-19+ patients our analysis identified a subset of organisms and metabolic pathways whose relative abundance, when combined with clinical factors (such as age and Body Mass Index), was highly predictive of the need for respiratory support (F1 score 0.857). Microbiome Multivariable Association with Linear Models (MaAsLin2) analysis was then applied to the features identified as predicative of the need for respiratory support by the RFC. This analysis revealed reduced abundance of Prevotella salivae and metabolic pathways associated with lipopolysaccharide and mycolic acid biosynthesis to be the strongest predictors of patients requiring respiratory support. These findings suggest that composition of the oropharyngeal microbiome in COVID-19 may play a role in determining who will suffer from severe disease manifestations. Importance The microbial community that colonizes the upper airway, the oropharyngeal microbiome, has the potential to affect how patients respond to respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV2, the causative agent of COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the oropharyngeal microbiome of COVID-19 patients using high throughput DNA sequencing performed on oral swabs. We combined patient characteristics available at intake such as medical comorbidities and age, with measured abundance of bacterial species and metabolic pathways and then trained a machine learning model to determine what features are predicative of patients needing respiratory support in the form of supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation. We found that decreased abundance of some bacterial species and increased abundance of pathways associated bacterial products biosynthesis was highly predictive of needing respiratory support. This suggests that the oropharyngeal microbiome affects disease course in COVID-19 and could be targeted for diagnostic purposes to determine who may need oxygen, or therapeutic purposes such as probiotics to prevent severe COVID-19 disease manifestations.
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12
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Haran JP, Ward DV, Bhattarai SK, Loew E, Dutta P, Higgins A, McCormick BA, Bucci V. The high prevalence of Clostridioides difficile among nursing home elders associates with a dysbiotic microbiome. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-15. [PMID: 33764826 PMCID: PMC8007149 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1897209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile disproportionally affects the elderly living in nursing homes (NHs). Our objective was to explore the prevalence of C. difficile in NH elders, over time and to determine whether the microbiome or other clinical factors are associated with C. difficile colonization.We collected serial stool samples from NH residents. C. difficile prevalence was determined by quantitative polymerase-chain reaction detection of Toxin genes tcdA and tcdB; microbiome composition was determined by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We used mixed-effect random forest modeling machine to determine bacterial taxa whose abundance is associated with C. difficile prevalence while controlling for clinical covariates including demographics, medications, and past medical history.We enrolled 167 NH elders who contributed 506 stool samples. Of the 123 elders providing multiple samples, 30 (24.4%) elders yielded multiple samples in which C. difficile was detected and 78 (46.7%) had at least one C. difficile positive sample. Elders with C. difficile positive samples were characterized by increased abundances of pathogenic or inflammatory-associated bacterial taxa and by lower abundances of taxa with anti-inflammatory or symbiotic properties. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is associated with lower prevalence of C. difficile (Odds Ratio 0.46; 95%CI, 0.22-0.99) and the abundance of bacterial species with known beneficial effects was higher in PPI users and markedly lower in elders with high C. difficile prevalence.C. difficile is prevalent among NH elders and a dysbiotic gut microbiome associates with C. difficile colonization status. Manipulating the gut microbiome may prove to be a key strategy in the reduction of C. difficile in the NH.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,CONTACT John P. Haran Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA01655
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shakti K. Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Loew
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Protiva Dutta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Higgins
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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13
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Acharya KD, Friedline RH, Ward DV, Graham ME, Tauer L, Zheng D, Hu X, de Vos WM, McCormick BA, Kim JK, Tetel MJ. Differential effects of Akkermansia-enriched fecal microbiota transplant on energy balance in female mice on high-fat diet. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1010806. [PMID: 36387852 PMCID: PMC9647077 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1010806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens protect against weight gain and metabolic disruption in women and female rodents. Aberrations in the gut microbiota composition are linked to obesity and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, estrogen-mediated protection against diet-induced metabolic disruption is associated with modifications in gut microbiota. In this study, we tested if estradiol (E2)-mediated protection against obesity and metabolic disorders in female mice is dependent on gut microbiota. Specifically, we tested if fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from E2-treated lean female mice, supplemented with or without Akkermansia muciniphila, prevented high fat diet (HFD)-induced body weight gain, fat mass gain, and hyperglycemia in female recipients. FMT from, and cohousing with, E2-treated lean donors was not sufficient to transfer the metabolic benefits to the E2-deficient female recipients. Moreover, FMT from lean donors supplemented with A. muciniphila exacerbated HFD-induced hyperglycemia in E2-deficient recipients, suggesting its detrimental effect on the metabolic health of E2-deficient female rodents fed a HFD. Given that A. muciniphila attenuates HFD-induced metabolic insults in males, the present findings suggest a sex difference in the impact of this microbe on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana D. Acharya
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | | | - Doyle V. Ward
- Center for Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Madeline E. Graham
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Lauren Tauer
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Doris Zheng
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Center for Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jason K. Kim
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Marc J. Tetel
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Marc J. Tetel,
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14
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Haran JP, Bradley E, Zeamer AL, Cincotta L, Salive MC, Dutta P, Mutaawe S, Anya O, Meza-Segura M, Moormann AM, Ward DV, McCormick BA, Bucci V. Inflammation-type dysbiosis of the oral microbiome associates with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms and long COVID. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e152346. [PMID: 34403368 PMCID: PMC8564890 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, many individuals experience prolonged symptoms, termed long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms (long COVID). Long COVID is thought to be linked to immune dysregulation due to harmful inflammation, with the exact causes being unknown. Given the role of the microbiome in mediating inflammation, we aimed to examine the relationship between the oral microbiome and the duration of long COVID symptoms. Tongue swabs were collected from patients presenting with COVID-19 symptoms. Confirmed infections were followed until resolution of all symptoms. Bacterial composition was determined by metagenomic sequencing. We used random forest modeling to identify microbiota and clinical covariates that are associated with long COVID symptoms. Of the patients followed, 63% developed ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and 37% went on to long COVID. Patients with prolonged symptoms had significantly higher abundances of microbiota that induced inflammation, such as members of the genera Prevotella and Veillonella, which, of note, are species that produce LPS. The oral microbiome of patients with long COVID was similar to that of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Altogether, our findings suggest an association with the oral microbiome and long COVID, revealing the possibility that dysfunction of the oral microbiome may have contributed to this draining disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems.,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, and
| | - Evan Bradley
- Department of Emergency Medicine.,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, and
| | - Abigail L Zeamer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems.,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ann M Moormann
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Doyle V Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems.,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, and
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems.,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, and
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems.,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, and
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15
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Haran JP, Zeamer A, Ward DV, Dutta P, Bucci V, McCormick BA. The Nursing Home Older Adult Gut Microbiome Composition Shows Time-dependent Dysbiosis and Is Influenced by Medication Exposures, Age, Environment, and Frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1930-1938. [PMID: 34125200 PMCID: PMC8514073 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults in nursing homes (NHs) have increased frailty, medication, and antimicrobial exposures, all factors that are known to affect the composition of gut microbiota. Our objective was to define which factors have the greatest association with the NH resident gut microbiota, explore patterns of dysbiosis and compositional changes in gut microbiota over time in this environment. We collected serial stool samples from NH residents. Residents were assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool and Clinical Frailty Scale. Bacterial composition of resident stool samples was determined by metagenomic sequencing. We used mixed-effect random forest modeling to identify clinical covariates that associate with microbiota. We enrolled and followed 166 residents from 5 NHs collecting 512 stool samples and following 15 residents for > 1 year. Medications, particularly psychoactive and antihypertensive medications, had the greatest effect on the microbiota. Age and frailty also contributed, and were associated with increased and decreased diversity, respectively. The microbiota of residents who had lived in the NH for > 1 year were enriched in inflammatory and pathogenic species and reduced in anti-inflammatory and symbiotic species. We observed intraindividual stability of the microbiome among older adults who had lived in the NH already for >1 year followed with sample collections 1 year apart. Older adult NH gut microbiome is heavily influenced by medications, age, and frailty. This microbiome is influenced by the length of NH residency with dysbiosis becoming evident at 12 months, however, after this point there is demonstrated relative stability over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Abigail Zeamer
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Doyle V Ward
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Protiva Dutta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
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16
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Foley SE, Loew EB, McCormick BA. Recent advances in understanding microbial regulation of host multi-drug resistance transporters. Current Opinion in Physiology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Foley SE, Tuohy C, Dunford M, Grey MJ, De Luca H, Cawley C, Szabady RL, Maldonado-Contreras A, Houghton JM, Ward DV, Mrsny RJ, McCormick BA. Gut microbiota regulation of P-glycoprotein in the intestinal epithelium in maintenance of homeostasis. Microbiome 2021; 9:183. [PMID: 34493329 PMCID: PMC8425172 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a critical role in protection of the intestinal epithelia by mediating efflux of drugs/xenobiotics from the intestinal mucosa into the gut lumen. Recent studies bring to light that P-gp also confers a critical link in communication between intestinal mucosal barrier function and the innate immune system. Yet, despite knowledge for over 10 years that P-gp plays a central role in gastrointestinal homeostasis, the precise molecular mechanism that controls its functional expression and regulation remains unclear. Here, we assessed how the intestinal microbiome drives P-gp expression and function. RESULTS We have identified a "functional core" microbiome of the intestinal gut community, specifically genera within the Clostridia and Bacilli classes, that is necessary and sufficient for P-gp induction in the intestinal epithelium in mouse models. Metagenomic analysis of this core microbial community revealed that short-chain fatty acid and secondary bile acid production positively associate with P-gp expression. We have further shown these two classes of microbiota-derived metabolites synergistically upregulate P-gp expression and function in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC), we find diminished P-gp expression coupled to the reduction of epithelial-derived anti-inflammatory endocannabinoids and luminal content (e.g., microbes or their metabolites) with a reduced capability to induce P-gp expression. CONCLUSION Overall, by means of both in vitro and in vivo studies as well as human subject sample analysis, we identify a mechanistic link between cooperative functional outputs of the complex microbial community and modulation of P-gp, an epithelial component, that functions to suppress overactive inflammation to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Hence, our data support a new cross-talk paradigm in microbiome regulation of mucosal inflammation. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage E. Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Christine Tuohy
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Graduate School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Merran Dunford
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Michael J. Grey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Heidi De Luca
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Caitlin Cawley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Rose L. Szabady
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Ana Maldonado-Contreras
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Jean Marie Houghton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Randall J. Mrsny
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
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18
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Shmuel-Galia L, Humphries F, Lei X, Ceglia S, Wilson R, Jiang Z, Ketelut-Carneiro N, Foley SE, Pechhold S, Houghton J, Muneeruddin K, Shaffer SA, McCormick BA, Reboldi A, Ward D, Marshak-Rothstein A, Fitzgerald KA. Dysbiosis exacerbates colitis by promoting ubiquitination and accumulation of the innate immune adaptor STING in myeloid cells. Immunity 2021; 54:1137-1153.e8. [PMID: 34051146 PMCID: PMC8237382 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the cGAS-STING DNA-sensing pathway affect intestinal homeostasis. We sought to delineate the functional role of STING in intestinal inflammation. Increased STING expression was a feature of intestinal inflammation in mice with colitis and in humans afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease. Mice bearing an allele rendering STING constitutively active exhibited spontaneous colitis and dysbiosis, as well as progressive chronic intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed STING accumulation in intestinal macrophages and monocytes as the initial driver of inflammation. Depletion of Gram-negative bacteria prevented STING accumulation in these cells and alleviated intestinal inflammation. STING accumulation occurred at the protein rather than transcript level, suggesting post-translational stabilization. We found that STING was ubiquitinated in myeloid cells, and this K63-linked ubiquitination could be elicited by bacterial products, including cyclic di-GMP. Our findings suggest a positive feedback loop wherein dysbiosis foments the accumulation of STING in intestinal myeloid cells, driving intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liraz Shmuel-Galia
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Fiachra Humphries
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Xuqiu Lei
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Simona Ceglia
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ruth Wilson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Zhaozhao Jiang
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Natalia Ketelut-Carneiro
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sage E Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Susanne Pechhold
- Flow Cytometry core facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - JeanMarie Houghton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Khaja Muneeruddin
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Mass spectrometry facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Mass spectrometry facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Doyle Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Haran JP, McCormick BA. Aging, Frailty, and the Microbiome-How Dysbiosis Influences Human Aging and Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:507-523. [PMID: 33307030 PMCID: PMC7856216 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a collection of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses that coexist in our bodies and are essential in protective, metabolic, and physiologic functions of human health. Gut dysbiosis has traditionally been linked to increased risk of infection, but imbalances within the intestinal microbial community structure that correlate with untoward inflammatory responses are increasingly recognized as being involved in disease processes that affect many organ systems in the body. Furthermore, it is becoming more apparent that the connection between gut dysbiosis and age-related diseases may lie in how the gut microbiome communicates with both the intestinal mucosa and the systemic immune system, given that these networks have a common interconnection to frailty. We therefore discuss recent advances in our understanding of the important role the microbiome plays in aging and how this knowledge opens the door for potential novel therapeutics aimed at shaping a less dysbiotic microbiome to prevent or treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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20
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McCormick BA, Chang EB. The Gut Microbiome: Reaching the Promise Through Discovery- Advancing Knowledge and Discovery of the Gut Microbiome in the Age of Precision Medicine. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:479-482. [PMID: 33382981 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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21
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Palmer JD, Mortzfeld BM, Piattelli E, Silby MW, McCormick BA, Bucci V. Microcin H47: A Class IIb Microcin with Potent Activity Against Multidrug Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:672-679. [PMID: 32096972 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microcin H47 (MccH47) is an antimicrobial peptide produced by some strains of Escherichia coli that has demonstrated inhibitory activity against enteric pathogens in vivo and has been heterologously overexpressed in proof-of-concept engineered probiotic applications. While most studies clearly demonstrate inhibitory activity against E. coli isolates, there are conflicting results on the qualitative capacity for MccH47 to inhibit strains of Salmonella. Here, we rectify these inconsistencies via the overexpression and purification of a form of MccH47, termed MccH47-monoglycosylated enterobactin (MccH47-MGE). We then use purified MccH47 to estimate minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against a number of medically relevant Enterobacteriaceae, including Salmonella and numerous multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. While previous reports suggested that the spectrum of activity for MccH47 is quite narrow and restricted to activity against E. coli, our data demonstrate that MccH47 has broad and potent activity within the Enterobacteriaceae family, suggesting it as a candidate for further development toward treating MDR enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Palmer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747-2300, United States
| | - Benedikt M. Mortzfeld
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747-2300, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747-2300, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Emma Piattelli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747-2300, United States
| | - Mark W. Silby
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747-2300, United States
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747-2300, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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22
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Adams W, Bhowmick R, Bou Ghanem EN, Wade K, Shchepetov M, Weiser JN, McCormick BA, Tweten RK, Leong JM. Pneumolysin Induces 12-Lipoxygenase-Dependent Neutrophil Migration during Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection. J Immunol 2020; 204:101-111. [PMID: 31776202 PMCID: PMC7195902 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia, wherein infection of respiratory mucosa drives a robust influx of neutrophils. We have previously shown that S. pneumoniae infection of the respiratory epithelium induces the production of the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX)-dependent lipid inflammatory mediator hepoxilin A3, which promotes recruitment of neutrophils into the airways, tissue damage, and lethal septicemia. Pneumolysin (PLY), a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family, is a major S. pneumoniae virulence factor that generates ∼25-nm diameter pores in eukaryotic membranes and promotes acute inflammation, tissue damage, and bacteremia. We show that a PLY-deficient S. pneumoniae mutant was impaired in triggering human neutrophil transepithelial migration in vitro. Ectopic production of PLY endowed the nonpathogenic Bacillus subtilis with the ability to trigger neutrophil recruitment across human-cultured monolayers. Purified PLY, several other CDC family members, and the α-toxin of Clostridium septicum, which generates pores with cross-sectional areas nearly 300 times smaller than CDCs, reproduced this robust neutrophil transmigration. PLY non-pore-forming point mutants that are trapped at various stages of pore assembly did not recruit neutrophils. PLY triggered neutrophil recruitment in a 12-LOX-dependent manner in vitro. Instillation of wild-type PLY but not inactive derivatives into the lungs of mice induced robust 12-LOX-dependent neutrophil migration into the airways, although residual inflammation induced by PLY in 12-LOX-deficient mice indicates that 12-LOX-independent pathways also contribute to PLY-triggered pulmonary inflammation. These data indicate that PLY is an important factor in promoting hepoxilin A3-dependent neutrophil recruitment across pulmonary epithelium in a pore-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Adams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192
| | - Rudra Bhowmick
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Elsa N Bou Ghanem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Kristin Wade
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Mikhail Shchepetov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jeffrey N Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Rodney K Tweten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - John M Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111;
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Patel S, Wall DM, Castillo A, McCormick BA. Caspase-3 cleavage of Salmonella type III secreted effector protein SifA is required for localization of functional domains and bacterial dissemination. Gut Microbes 2019; 10:172-187. [PMID: 30727836 PMCID: PMC6546311 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1506668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SifA is a bi-functional Type III Secretion System (T3SS) effector protein that plays an important role in Salmonella virulence. The N-terminal domain of SifA binds SifA-Kinesin-Interacting-Protein (SKIP), and via an interaction with kinesin, forms tubular membrane extensions called Sif filaments (Sifs) that emanate from the Salmonella Containing Vacuole (SCV). The C-terminal domain of SifA harbors a WxxxE motif that functions to mimic active host cell GTPases. Taken together, SifA functions in inducing endosomal tubulation in order to maintain the integrity of the SCV and promote bacterial dissemination. Since SifA performs multiple, unrelated functions, the objective of this study was to determine how each functional domain of SifA becomes processed. Our work demonstrates that a linker region containing a caspase-3 cleavage motif separates the two functional domains of SifA. To test the hypothesis that processing of SifA by caspase-3 at this particular site is required for function and proper localization of the effector protein domains, we developed two tracking methods to analyze the intracellular localization of SifA. We first adapted a fluorescent tag called phiLOV that allowed for type-III secretion system (T3SS) mediated delivery of SifA and observation of its intracellular colocalization with caspase-3. Additionally, we created a dual-tagging strategy that permitted tracking of each of the SifA functional domains following caspase-3 cleavage to different subcellular locations. The results of this study reveal that caspase-3 cleavage of SifA is required for the proper localization of functional domains and bacterial dissemination. Considering the importance of these events in Salmonella pathogenesis, we conclude that caspase-3 cleavage of effector proteins is a more broadly applicable effector processing mechanism utilized by Salmonella to invade and persist during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,CONTACT Beth McCormick Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street AS8-2011, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Daniel M. Wall
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Antonio Castillo
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Szabady RL, Louissaint C, Lubben A, Xie B, Reeksting S, Tuohy C, Demma Z, Foley SE, Faherty CS, Llanos-Chea A, Olive AJ, Mrsny RJ, McCormick BA. Intestinal P-glycoprotein exports endocannabinoids to prevent inflammation and maintain homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4044-4056. [PMID: 30102254 DOI: 10.1172/jci96817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil influx into the intestinal lumen is a critical response to infectious agents, but is also associated with severe intestinal damage observed in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. The chemoattractant hepoxilin A3, an eicosanoid secreted from intestinal epithelial cells by the apically restricted efflux pump multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), mediates this neutrophil influx. Information about a possible counterbalance pathway that could signal the lack of or resolution of an apical inflammatory signal, however, has yet to be described. We now report a system with such hallmarks. Specifically, we identify endocannabinoids as the first known endogenous substrates of the apically restricted multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and reveal a mechanism, which we believe is novel, for endocannabinoid secretion into the intestinal lumen. Knockdown or inhibition of P-gp reduced luminal secretion levels of N-acyl ethanolamine-type endocannabinoids, which correlated with increased neutrophil transmigration in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, loss of CB2, the peripheral cannabinoid receptor, led to increased pathology and neutrophil influx in models of acute intestinal inflammation. These results define a key role for epithelial cells in balancing the constitutive secretion of antiinflammatory lipids with the stimulated secretion of proinflammatory lipids via surface efflux pumps in order to control neutrophil infiltration into the intestinal lumen and maintain homeostasis in the healthy intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose L Szabady
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Louissaint
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anneke Lubben
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Bailu Xie
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Reeksting
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Tuohy
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary Demma
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sage E Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina S Faherty
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alejandro Llanos-Chea
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall J Mrsny
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Daniel VT, Ayturk D, Ward DV, McCormick BA, Santry HP. The influence of payor status on outcomes associated with surgical repair of upper gastrointestinal perforations due to peptic ulcer disease in the United States. Am J Surg 2018; 217:121-125. [PMID: 30017307 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between lack of insurance and inferior outcomes has been well described for a number of surgical emergencies, yet little is known about the relationship of payor status and outcomes of patients undergoing emergent surgical repair for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) perforations. We evaluated the association of payor status and in-hospital mortality for patients undergoing emergency surgery for UGI perforations in the United States. METHODS Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried to identify patients between 18 and 64 years of age who underwent emergent (open or laparoscopic) repair for UGI perforations secondary to peptic ulcer disease (2010-2014). Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were major and minor postoperative complications. The main predictor outcome was insurance status (Private, Medicaid, Uninsured). Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed. Data were weighted to provide national estimates. RESULTS 21,005 patients underwent surgical repair for UGI perforations. Patients with private insurance represented the largest payor group (47%). After adjustment of other factors, payor status was not a statistically significant predictor of in-hospital mortality (Medicaid vs. Private: [OR] 1.1; 95% [CI] 0.67-1.81; Uninsured vs. Private: OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.52-1.61). However, payor status remained a statistically significant predictor of major postoperative complications (Medicaid vs. Private [OR] 1.4; 95% CI 1.1, 1.8; Uninsured vs. Private [OR]1.2, 95% CI 0.9, 1.5) and minor postoperative complications (Medicaid vs. Private [OR] 1.4; 95% CI 1.1, 1.9; Uninsured vs. Private [OR]1.2, 95% CI 0.9, 1.6). CONCLUSIONS Emergency surgery for UGI perforations is associated with high mortality and morbidity across all payor classes; however, Medicaid is a predictor for both major and minor postoperative complications. Preventing perforation through preventative measures will be key to reducing the burden of peptic ulcer disease across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya T Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Didem Ayturk
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Doyle V Ward
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Heena P Santry
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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26
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Palmer JD, Piattelli E, McCormick BA, Silby MW, Brigham CJ, Bucci V. Engineered Probiotic for the Inhibition of Salmonella via Tetrathionate-Induced Production of Microcin H47. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:39-45. [PMID: 28918634 PMCID: PMC5766358 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Complications arising from antibiotic-resistant bacteria are becoming one of the key issues in modern medicine. Members of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae spp. include opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Salmonella spp.) that are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Overgrowth of these bacteria is considered a hallmark of intestinal dysbiosis. Microcins (small antimicrobial peptides) produced by some gut commensals can potentially cure these conditions by inhibiting these pathogens and have been proposed as a viable alternative to antibiotic treatment. In this proof-of-concept work, we leverage this idea to develop a genetically engineered prototype probiotic to inhibit Salmonella spp. upon exposure to tetrathionate, a molecule produced in the inflamed gut during the course of Salmonella infection. We developed a plasmid-based system capable of conferring the ability to detect and utilize tetrathionate, while at the same time producing microcin H47. We transferred this plasmid-based system to Escherichia coli and demonstrated the ability of the engineered strain to inhibit growth of Salmonella in anaerobic conditions while in the presence of tetrathionate, with no detectable inhibition in the absence of tetrathionate. In direct competition assays between the engineered E. coli and Salmonella, the engineered E. coli had a considerable increase in fitness advantage in the presence of 1 mM tetrathionate as compared to the absence of tetrathionate. In this work, we have demonstrated the ability to engineer a strain of E. coli capable of using an environmental signal indicative of intestinal inflammation as an inducing molecule, resulting in production of a microcin capable of inhibiting the organism responsible for the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Palmer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Emma Piattelli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- MaPS, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
- UMass, Center for Microbiome Research, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Mark W. Silby
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
- UMassD, Probiotic Discovery, Engineering and Manufacturing Pipeline, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Christopher J. Brigham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
- UMassD, Probiotic Discovery, Engineering and Manufacturing Pipeline, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
- UMass, Center for Microbiome Research, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
- UMassD, Probiotic Discovery, Engineering and Manufacturing Pipeline, 285 Old Westport Road, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
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Maldonado-Contreras A, Birtley JR, Boll E, Zhao Y, Mumy KL, Toscano J, Ayehunie S, Reinecker HC, Stern LJ, McCormick BA. Shigella depends on SepA to destabilize the intestinal epithelial integrity via cofilin activation. Gut Microbes 2017; 8:544-560. [PMID: 28598765 PMCID: PMC5730386 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1339006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella is unique among enteric pathogens, as it invades colonic epithelia through the basolateral pole. Therefore, it has evolved the ability to breach the intestinal epithelial barrier to deploy an arsenal of effector proteins, which permits bacterial invasion and leads to a severe inflammatory response. However, the mechanisms used by Shigella to regulate epithelial barrier permeability remain unknown. To address this question, we used both an intestinal polarized model and a human ex-vivo model to further characterize the early events of host-bacteria interactions. Our results showed that secreted Serine Protease A (SepA), which belongs to the serine protease autotransporter of Enterobacteriaceae family, is responsible for critically disrupting the intestinal epithelial barrier. Such disruption facilitates bacterial transit to the basolateral pole of the epithelium, ultimately fostering the hallmarks of the disease pathology. SepA was found to cause a decrease in active LIM Kinase 1 (LIMK1) levels, a negative inhibitor of actin-remodeling proteins, namely cofilin. Correspondingly, we observed increased activation of cofilin, a major actin-polymerization factor known to control opening of tight junctions at the epithelial barrier. Furthermore, we resolved the crystal structure of SepA to elucidate its role on actin-dynamics and barrier disruption. The serine protease activity of SepA was found to be required for the regulatory effects on LIMK1 and cofilin, resulting in the disruption of the epithelial barrier during infection. Altogether, we demonstrate that SepA is indispensable for barrier disruption, ultimately facilitating Shigella transit to the basolateral pole where it effectively invades the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maldonado-Contreras
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,CONTACT Beth A. McCormick ; Ana Maldonado-Contreras 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655
| | - James R. Birtley
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Erik Boll
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yun Zhao
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen L. Mumy
- Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Juan Toscano
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Stern
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,CONTACT Beth A. McCormick ; Ana Maldonado-Contreras 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655
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Affiliation(s)
- Regino Mercado-Lubo
- Department of Microbiology & Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology & Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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29
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Mercado-Lubo R, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Rossi K, Wu X, Zou Y, Castillo A, Leonard J, Bortell R, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Han G, McCormick BA. A Salmonella nanoparticle mimic overcomes multidrug resistance in tumours. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12225. [PMID: 27452236 PMCID: PMC5512628 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that also selectively grows in tumours and functionally decreases P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a multidrug resistance transporter. Here we report that the Salmonella type III secretion effector, SipA, is responsible for P-gp modulation through a pathway involving caspase-3. Mimicking the ability of Salmonella to reverse multidrug resistance, we constructed a gold nanoparticle system packaged with a SipA corona, and found this bacterial mimic not only accumulates in tumours but also reduces P-gp at a SipA dose significantly lower than free SipA. Moreover, the Salmonella nanoparticle mimic suppresses tumour growth with a concomitant reduction in P-gp when used with an existing chemotherapeutic drug (that is, doxorubicin). On the basis of our finding that the SipA Salmonella effector is fundamental for functionally decreasing P-gp, we engineered a nanoparticle mimic that both overcomes multidrug resistance in cancer cells and increases tumour sensitivity to conventional chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regino Mercado-Lubo
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Pharmacology, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Pharmacology, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Kyle Rossi
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Pharmacology, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Yekui Zou
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Pharmacology, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Antonio Castillo
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Jack Leonard
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Rita Bortell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | | | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Pharmacology, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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30
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Abstract
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium employs type III secreted effectors to induce cellular invasion and pathogenesis. We previously reported the secreted effector SipA is in part responsible for inducing the apical accumulation of the host membrane protein PERP, a host factor we have shown is key to the inflammatory response induced by Salmonella. We now report that the S. Typhimurium type III secreted effector SipC significantly contributes to PERP redistribution to the apical membrane surface. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating a role for SipC in directing the trafficking of a host membrane protein to the cell surface. In sum, facilitation of PERP trafficking appears to be a result of type III secreted effector-mediated recruitment of vesicles to the apical surface. Our study therefore reveals a new role for SipC, and builds upon previous reports suggesting recruitment of vesicles to the cell surface is important for Salmonella invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N. Hallstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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31
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Saslowsky DE, Thiagarajah JR, McCormick BA, Lee JC, Lencer WI. Microbial sphingomyelinase induces RhoA-mediated reorganization of the apical brush border membrane and is protective against invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1120-30. [PMID: 26864627 PMCID: PMC4814219 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-05-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both commensal and pathogenic microbes that colonize the GI tract can synthesize and secrete spingomyelinase enzymes that cleave membrane sphingomyelin, leaving the ceramide component intact in the cell membrane. This study examines how this reaction affects the structure and function of host enterocytes and mucosal defense. The apical brush border membrane (BBM) of intestinal epithelial cells forms a highly structured and dynamic environmental interface that serves to regulate cellular physiology and block invasion by intestinal microbes and their products. How the BBM dynamically responds to pathogenic and commensal bacterial signals can define intestinal homeostasis and immune function. We previously found that in model intestinal epithelium, the conversion of apical membrane sphingomyelin to ceramide by exogenous bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase) protected against the endocytosis and toxicity of cholera toxin. Here we elucidate a mechanism of action by showing that SMase induces a dramatic, reversible, RhoA-dependent alteration of the apical cortical F-actin network. Accumulation of apical membrane ceramide is necessary and sufficient to induce the actin phenotype, and this coincides with altered membrane structure and augmented innate immune function as evidenced by resistance to invasion by Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Saslowsky
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jay R Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Jean C Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Wayne I Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. McCormick
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Beth A. McCormick, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
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33
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Hallstrom KN, Srikanth CV, Agbor TA, Dumont CM, Peters KN, Paraoan L, Casanova JE, Boll EJ, McCormick BA. PERP, a host tetraspanning membrane protein, is required for Salmonella-induced inflammation. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:843-59. [PMID: 25486861 PMCID: PMC4915744 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica
Typhimurium induces intestinal inflammation through the activity of type III secreted effector (T3SE) proteins. Our prior results indicate that the secretion of the T3SE SipA and the ability of SipA to induce epithelial cell responses that lead to induction of polymorphonuclear transepithelial migration are not coupled to its direct delivery into epithelial cells from Salmonella. We therefore tested the hypothesis that SipA interacts with a membrane protein located at the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells. Employing a split ubiquitin yeast‐two‐hybrid screen, we identified the tetraspanning membrane protein, p53 effector related to PMP‐22 (PERP), as a SipA binding partner. SipA and PERP appear to have intersecting activities as we found PERP to be involved in proinflammatory pathways shown to be regulated by SipA. In sum, our studies reveal a critical role for PERP in the pathogenesis of S. Typhimurium, and for the first time demonstrate that SipA, a T3SE protein, can engage a host protein at the epithelial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Hallstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - C V Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Terence A Agbor
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Dumont
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kristen N Peters
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Luminita Paraoan
- Eye and Vision Science Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James E Casanova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Erik J Boll
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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34
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Wall DM, McCormick BA. Bacterial secreted effectors and caspase-3 interactions. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1746-56. [PMID: 25262664 PMCID: PMC4257569 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a critical process that intrinsically links organism survival to its ability to induce controlled death. Thus, functional apoptosis allows organisms to remove perceived threats to their survival by targeting those cells that it determines pose a direct risk. Central to this process are apoptotic caspases, enzymes that form a signalling cascade, converting danger signals via initiator caspases into activation of the executioner caspase, caspase-3. This enzyme begins disassembly of the cell by activating DNA degrading enzymes and degrading the cellular architecture. Interaction of pathogenic bacteria with caspases, and in particular, caspase-3, can therefore impact both host cell and bacterial survival. With roles outside cell death such as cell differentiation, control of signalling pathways and immunomodulation also being described for caspase-3, bacterial interactions with caspase-3 may be of far more significance in infection than previously recognized. In this review, we highlight the ways in which bacterial pathogens have evolved to subvert caspase-3 both through effector proteins that directly interact with the enzyme or by modulating pathways that influence its activation and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Wall
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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35
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Abstract
The human intestinal epithelium consists of a single layer of epithelial cells that forms a barrier against food antigens and the resident microbiota within the lumen. This delicately balanced organ functions in a highly sophisticated manner to uphold the fidelity of the intestinal epithelium and to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. On the luminal side, this barrier is fortified by a thick mucus layer, and on the serosal side exists the lamina propria containing a resident population of immune cells. Pathogens that are able to breach this barrier disrupt the healthy epithelial lining by interfering with the regulatory mechanisms that govern the normal balance of intestinal architecture and function. This disruption results in a coordinated innate immune response deployed to eliminate the intruder that includes the release of antimicrobial peptides, activation of pattern-recognition receptors, and recruitment of a variety of immune cells. In the case of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection, induction of an inflammatory response has been linked to its virulence mechanism, the type III secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS secretes protein effectors that exploit the host’s cell biology to facilitate bacterial entry and intracellular survival, and to modulate the host immune response. As the role of the intestinal epithelium in initiating an immune response has been increasingly realized, this review will highlight recent research that details progress made in understanding mechanisms underlying the mucosal inflammatory response to Salmonella infection, and how such inflammatory responses impact pathogenic fitness of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA , USA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA , USA
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36
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Agbor TA, Demma Z, Mrsny RJ, Castillo A, Boll EJ, McCormick BA. The oxido-reductase enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) governs Salmonella Typhimurium-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1339-53. [PMID: 24617613 PMCID: PMC4146641 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leucocytes; PMN) transmigration across mucosal surfaces contributes to dysfunction of epithelial barrier properties, a characteristic underlying many mucosal inflammatory diseases. Using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) as a prototypic proinflammatory insult, we have previously reported that the eicosanoid hepoxilin A3 (HXA3), an endogenous product of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) activity, is secreted from the apical surface of the intestinal epithelium to establish a chemotactic gradient that guides PMN across the epithelial surface. Since little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate 12-LOX during S. Typhimurium infection, we investigated this pathway. We found that expression of phospholipid glutathione peroxidase (GPX4), which is known to have an inhibitory effect on 12-LOX activity, is significantly decreased at both the mRNA and protein level during infection with S. Typhimurium. Moreover, employing intestinal epithelial cell monolayers expressing siRNA against GPX4 mRNA, S. Typhimurium-induced PMN migration was significantly increased compared with the non-specific siRNA control cells. Conversely, in cells engineered to overexpress GPX4, S. Typhimurium-induced PMN migration was significantly decreased, which is consistent with the finding that partial depletion of GPX4 by RNAi resulted in a significant increase in HXA3 secretion during S. Typhimurium infection. Mechanistically, although we found Salmonella entry not to be required for the induced decrease in GPX4, the secreted effector, SipA, which is known to induce epithelial responses leading to stimulation of HXA3, governed the decrease in GPX4 in a process that does not lead to an overall increase in the levels of ROS. Taken together, these results suggest that S. Typhimurium induces apical secretion of HXA3 by decreasing the expression of phospholipid GPX, which in turn leads to an increase in 12-LOX activity, and hence HXA3 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence A Agbor
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
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37
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Bhowmick R, Maung N, Hurley BP, Ghanem EB, Gronert K, McCormick BA, Leong JM. Systemic disease during Streptococcus pneumoniae acute lung infection requires 12-lipoxygenase-dependent inflammation. J Immunol 2013; 191:5115-23. [PMID: 24089193 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute pulmonary infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae is characterized by high bacterial numbers in the lung, a robust alveolar influx of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), and a risk of systemic spread of the bacterium. We investigated host mediators of S. pneumoniae-induced PMN migration and the role of inflammation in septicemia following pneumococcal lung infection. Hepoxilin A3 (HXA3) is a PMN chemoattractant and a metabolite of the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) pathway. We observed that S. pneumoniae infection induced the production of 12-LOX in cultured pulmonary epithelium and in the lungs of infected mice. Inhibition of the 12-LOX pathway prevented pathogen-induced PMN transepithelial migration in vitro and dramatically reduced lung inflammation upon high-dose pulmonary challenge with S. pneumoniae in vivo, thus implicating HXA3 in pneumococcus-induced pulmonary inflammation. PMN basolateral-to-apical transmigration in vitro significantly increased apical-to-basolateral transepithelial migration of bacteria. Mice suppressed in the expression of 12-LOX exhibited little or no bacteremia and survived an otherwise lethal pulmonary challenge. Our data suggest that pneumococcal pulmonary inflammation is required for high-level bacteremia and systemic infection, partly by disrupting lung epithelium through 12-LOX-dependent HXA3 production and subsequent PMN transepithelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Bhowmick
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nang Maung
- Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bryan P Hurley
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Elsa Bou Ghanem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - John M Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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38
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Jandhyala DM, Vanguri V, Boll EJ, Lai Y, McCormick BA, Leong JM. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4: an emerging pathogen with enhanced virulence. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013; 27:631-49. [PMID: 24011834 PMCID: PMC3800737 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli are genetically diverse and encompass a broad variety of pathotypes, such as enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) or enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), which cause distinct clinical syndromes. The historically large 2011 German outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), caused by a Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) of the serotype O104:H4, illustrated the emerging importance of non-O157 STEC. STEC O104:H4, with features characteristic of both enteroaggregative E. coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, represents a unique and highly virulent pathotype. The German outbreak both allowed for the evaluation of several potential therapeutic approaches to STEC-induced HUS and emphasizes the importance of early and specific detection of both O157 and non-O157 STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshina M Jandhyala
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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39
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Szabady RL, McCormick BA. Control of neutrophil inflammation at mucosal surfaces by secreted epithelial products. Front Immunol 2013; 4:220. [PMID: 23914188 PMCID: PMC3728559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is a large and delicately balanced organ, responsible for efficiently absorbing nutrients and selectively eliminating disease-causing pathogens. The gut architecture consists of a single layer of epithelial cells that forms a barrier against the food antigens and resident microbiota within the lumen. This barrier is augmented by a thick layer of mucus on the luminal side and an underlying lamina propria containing a resident population of immune cells. Attempted breaches of the intestinal barrier by pathogenic bacteria result in the rapid induction of a coordinated innate immune response that includes release of antimicrobial peptides, activation of pattern recognition receptors, and recruitment of various immune cells. In recent years, the role of epithelial cells in initiating this immune response has been increasingly appreciated. In particular, epithelial cells are responsible for the release of a variety of factors that attract neutrophils, the body's trained bacterial killers. In this review we will highlight recent research that details a new understanding of how epithelial cells directionally secrete specific compounds at distinct stages of the inflammatory response in order to coordinate the immune response to intestinal microbes. In addition to their importance during the response to infection, evidence suggests that dysregulation of these pathways may contribute to pathologic inflammation during inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, a continued understanding of the mechanisms by which epithelial cells control neutrophil migration into the intestine will have tremendous benefits in both the understanding of biological processes and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose L Szabady
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA , USA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUMASS Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
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41
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Szabady RL, Boll EJ, Welch RA, McCormick BA. Modulation of the inflammatory response to enterohemorrhagic E. coli by the secreted mucinase StcE. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.137.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose L Szabady
- Microbiology and Physiology SystemsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Erik J Boll
- Microbiology and Physiology SystemsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Rod A Welch
- Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Microbiology and Physiology SystemsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
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42
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Hallstrom K, Casanova JE, McCormick BA. Salmonella Typhimurium Directs the Localization of the Desmosomal Protein, PERP, to Induce Inflammation. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.131.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hallstrom
- Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUMass Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - James E Casanova
- Cell BiologyUniversity of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUMass Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
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43
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Tamang DL, Pirzai W, Priebe GP, Traficante DC, Pier GB, Falck JR, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, McCormick BA, Gronert K, Hurley BP. Hepoxilin A(3) facilitates neutrophilic breach of lipoxygenase-expressing airway epithelial barriers. J Immunol 2012; 189:4960-9. [PMID: 23045615 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A feature shared by many inflammatory lung diseases is excessive neutrophilic infiltration. Neutrophil homing to airspaces involve multiple factors produced by several distinct cell types. Hepoxilin A(3) is a neutrophil chemoattractant produced by pathogen-infected epithelial cells that is hypothesized to facilitate neutrophil breach of mucosal barriers. Using a Transwell model of lung epithelial barriers infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we explored the role of hepoxilin A(3) in neutrophil transepithelial migration. Pharmacological inhibitors of the enzymatic pathways necessary to generate hepoxilin A(3), including phospholipase A(2) and 12-lipoxygenase, potently interfere with P. aeruginosa-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration. Both transformed and primary human lung epithelial cells infected with P. aeruginosa generate hepoxilin A(3) precursor arachidonic acid. All four known lipoxygenase enzymes capable of synthesizing hepoxilin A(3) are expressed in lung epithelial cell lines, primary small airway epithelial cells, and human bronchial epithelial cells. Lung epithelial cells produce increased hepoxilin A(3) and lipid-derived neutrophil chemotactic activity in response to P. aeruginosa infection. Lipid-derived chemotactic activity is soluble epoxide hydrolase sensitive, consistent with hepoxilin A(3) serving a chemotactic role. Stable inhibitory structural analogs of hepoxilin A(3) are capable of impeding P. aeruginosa-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration. Finally, intranasal infection of mice with P. aeruginosa promotes enhanced cellular infiltrate into the airspace, as well as increased concentration of the 12-lipoxygenase metabolites hepoxilin A(3) and 12-hydroxyeicosa-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-tetraenoic acid. Data generated from multiple models in this study provide further evidence that hepoxilin A(3) is produced in response to lung pathogenic bacteria and functions to drive neutrophils across epithelial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Tamang
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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44
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Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an important cause of endemic and epidemic diarrheal disease worldwide. Although not classically considered an inflammatory pathogen in the style of Shigella and Salmonella species, clinical data from patients suggests that inflammatory responses may play an important role during EAEC disease. However, the specific role of inflammation during EAEC pathogenesis has not been investigated in detail. To better understand how EAEC may induce inflammation, we have focused our attention on the intimate interactions between EAEC and the host epithelium and the subsequent induction of host cell signaling events leading to innate immune responses. Here, we discuss our recent findings on the signaling pathway by which EAEC promotes transepithelial migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), the role of aggregative adherence fimbriae in triggering this event and the implementation of human intestinal xenografts in immunodeficient mice for studying EAEC pathogenesis in vivo. Our findings suggest that EAEC shares conserved mechanisms of inducing PMN recruitment with other intestinal pathogens, providing new insight into the potential pathological consequences of EAEC-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Boll
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester, MA, USA
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45
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Boll EJ, Struve C, Sander A, Demma Z, Nataro JP, McCormick BA, Krogfelt KA. The fimbriae of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli induce epithelial inflammation in vitro and in a human intestinal xenograft model. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:714-22. [PMID: 22723643 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) are increasingly recognized as an important agent of inflammatory and often persistent diarrhea. Although previous studies report on the inflammatory aspects of EAEC pathogenesis, the mechanisms by which EAEC trigger these events are not well understood. METHODS EAEC strains harboring mutations in known EAEC virulence determinants were tested in an in vitro model of transepithelial migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and in human intestinal xenografts in severe-combined immunodeficient (SCID-HU-INT) mice, a novel model for studying EAEC disease in vivo. RESULTS Expression of aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAFs), the principal adhesins of EAEC, was required for EAEC-induced PMN transepithelial migration in vitro. Moreover, constructed plasmids encoding AAF gene clusters demonstrated that the AAF adhesins are sufficient for triggering this event in a nonpathogenic E. coli background. Furthermore, with use of the SCID-HU-INT mouse model, severe tissue damage and infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in the human tissue after EAEC infection. These pathological marks were strongly related to AAF expression, thus clearly confirming our in vitro findings. CONCLUSIONS The present work establishes EAEC as an important inflammatory pathogen and the AAF adhesins as inducers of potentially detrimental immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Boll
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark
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46
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Bhowmick R, McCormick BA, Leong JM. Phospholipase A2 is involved in
S. pneumoniae
‐elicited PMN transepithelial migration. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.276.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Bhowmick
- Department of Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyTufts University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and MicrobiologyTufts University School of MedicineBostonMA
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47
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Hallstrom K, Srikanth CV, Agbor T, Demma Z, McCormick BA. The Desmosomal Protein, PERP, is Required for the Pro‐ Inflammatory Response to Salmonella Typhimurium Infection. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.55.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hallstrom
- Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUMass Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - C. V. Srikanth
- Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUMass Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Terence Agbor
- Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUMass Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Zachary Demma
- Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUMass Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUMass Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
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48
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Boll EJ, Struve C, Sander A, Demma Z, Krogfelt KA, McCormick BA. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli promotes transepithelial migration of neutrophils through a conserved 12-lipoxygenase pathway. Cell Microbiol 2011; 14:120-32. [PMID: 21951973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) induces release of pro-inflammatory markers and disruption of intestinal epithelial barriers in vitro, suggesting an inflammatory aspect to EAEC infection. However, the mechanisms underlying EAEC-induced mucosal inflammatory responses and the extent to which these events contribute to pathogenesis is not well characterized. Employing an established in vitro model we demonstrated that EAEC prototype strain 042 induces migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) across polarized T84 cell monolayers. This event was mediated through a conserved host cell signalling cascade involving the 12/15-LOX pathway and led to apical secretion of an arachidonic acid-derived lipid PMN chemoattractant, guiding PMNs across the epithelia to the site of infection. Moreover, supporting the hypothesis that inflammatory responses may contribute to EAEC pathogenesis, we found that PMN transepithelial migration promoted enhanced attachment of EAEC 042 to T84 cells. These findings suggest that EAEC-induced PMN infiltration may favour colonization and thus pathogenesis of EAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Boll
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark
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Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a Gram-negative facultative food-borne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans. This bacterium has evolved a sophisticated machinery to alter host cell function critical to its virulence capabilities. Central to S. Typhimurium pathogenesis are two Type III secretion systems (T3SS) encoded within pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2 that are responsible for the secretion and translocation of a set of bacterial proteins termed effectors into host cells with the intention of altering host cell physiology for bacterial entry and survival. Thus, once delivered by the T3SS, the secreted effectors play critical roles in manipulating the host cell to allow for bacteria invasion, induction of inflammatory responses, and the assembly of an intracellular protective niche created for bacterial survival and replication. Emerging evidence indicates that these effectors are modular proteins consisting of distinct functional domains/motifs that are utilized by the bacteria to activate intracellular signalling pathways modifying host cell function. Also, recently reported are the dual functionality of secreted effectors and the concept of 'terminal reassortment'. Herein, we highlight some of the nascent concepts regarding Salmonella effectors in the context of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence A Agbor
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Agbor TA, Demma ZC, Mumy KL, Bien JD, McCormick BA. The ERM protein, ezrin, regulates neutrophil transmigration by modulating the apical localization of MRP2 in response to the SipA effector protein during Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Cell Microbiol 2011; 13:2007-21. [PMID: 21899702 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In human disease induced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), transepithelial migration of neutrophils rapidly follows attachment of the bacteria to the epithelial apical membrane. We have previously shown that during S. Typhimurium infection the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) is highly expressed at the apical surface of the intestinal epithelia, and that it functions as an efflux pump for the potent neutrophil chemoattractant hepoxilin A(3) . However, the molecular mechanisms regulating its apical localization during active states of inflammation remain unknown. Thus, our objective was to determine the mechanistic basis for the translocation of MRP2 to the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells during S. Typhimurium infection. We show that suppression of ezrin, through either RNAi or truncation of the C-terminus, results not only in a decrease in S. Typhimurium-induced neutrophil transmigration but also significantly attenuates the apical membrane expression of MRP2 during Salmonella infection. In addition, we determined that S. Typhimurium induces the activation of ezrin via a PKC-α-dependent pathway and that ezrin activation is coupled to apical localization of MRP2. Based on these results we propose that activation of ezrin is required for the apical localization of MRP2 during S. Typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence A Agbor
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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