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Orosa Vázquez I, Díaz M, Zúñiga Rosales Y, Amada K, Chang J, Relova Hernández E, Tundidor Y, Roblejo Balbuena H, Monzón G, Torres Rives B, Noa Romero E, Carrillo Valdés D, Valdivia Álvarez I, Delahanty Fernández A, Díaz C, Solozabal J, Gil M, Sánchez B, Rojas G, Marcheco B, Carmenate T. Studying the Humoral Response against SARS-CoV-2 in Cuban COVID-19 Recovered Patients. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:7112940. [PMID: 39359695 PMCID: PMC11446615 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the immune response generated by SARS-CoV-2 is critical for assessing efficient therapeutic protocols and gaining insights into the durability of protective immunity. The current work was aimed at studying the specific humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Cuban COVID-19 convalescents. We developed suitable tools and methods based on ELISA methodology, for supporting this evaluation. Here, we describe the development of an ELISA for the quantification of anti-RBD IgG titers in a large number of samples and a similar test in the presence of NH4SCN as chaotropic agent for estimating the RBD specific antibody avidity. Additionally, a simple and rapid ELISA based on antibody-mediated blockage of the binding RBD-ACE2 was implemented for detecting, as a surrogate of conventional test, the levels of anti-RBD inhibitory antibodies in convalescent sera. In a cohort of 273 unvaccinated convalescents, we identified higher anti-RBD IgG titer (1 : 1,330, p < 0.0001) and higher levels of inhibitory antibodies blocking RBD-ACE2 binding (1 : 216, p < 0.05) among those who had recovered from severe illness. Our results suggest that disease severity, and not demographic features such as age, sex, and skin color, is the main determinant of the magnitude and neutralizing ability of the anti-RBD antibody response. An additional paired longitudinal assessment in 14 symptomatic convalescents revealed a decline in the antiviral antibody response and the persistence of neutralizing antibodies for at least 4 months after the onset of symptoms. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits different levels of antibody response according to disease severity that declines over time and can be monitored using our homemade serological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Orosa Vázquez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15th Avenue and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Marianniz Díaz
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15th Avenue and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yaima Zúñiga Rosales
- National Center of Medical Genetics, 31st Avenue, N°3102 and 146 Street, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Klayris Amada
- Julio Trigo Hospital, km 7½ Calzada de Bejucal, Diez de Octubre, Havana, Cuba
| | - Janoi Chang
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15th Avenue and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Yaima Tundidor
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15th Avenue and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Hilda Roblejo Balbuena
- National Center of Medical Genetics, 31st Avenue, N°3102 and 146 Street, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Giselle Monzón
- National Center of Medical Genetics, 31st Avenue, N°3102 and 146 Street, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Bárbara Torres Rives
- National Center of Medical Genetics, 31st Avenue, N°3102 and 146 Street, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Enrique Noa Romero
- Research Center of Civil Defense, José de las Lajas, San, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Díaz
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15th Avenue and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Joaquín Solozabal
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15th Avenue and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mileidys Gil
- Julio Trigo Hospital, km 7½ Calzada de Bejucal, Diez de Octubre, Havana, Cuba
| | - Belinda Sánchez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15th Avenue and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15th Avenue and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Beatriz Marcheco
- National Center of Medical Genetics, 31st Avenue, N°3102 and 146 Street, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tania Carmenate
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15th Avenue and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
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Stammkötter C, Thümmler L, Korth J, Marenbach B, Braß P, Horn PA, Lindemann M, Dittmer U, Witzke O, Rohn H, Krawczyk A. Frequency of SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Healthcare Workers in Germany: 3-Year Follow-Up Study. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:615-627. [PMID: 39051247 PMCID: PMC11270172 DOI: 10.3390/idr16040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 led to a global pandemic with a significant impact on healthcare systems. Healthcare workers were particularly vulnerable due to frequent contact with COVID-19 patients. Despite vaccination, they remained at higher risk as the vaccines provided limited protection against infection with viral variants, like Delta or Omicron BA.1 and BA.5. Three years after the onset of the pandemic, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 infection frequencies among healthcare workers with varying levels of patient contact: high-risk (frequent COVID-19 patient contact), intermediate-risk (non-COVID-19 patient contact), and low-risk (no patient contact). We assessed their cellular and humoral immune responses based on their vaccination status and number of prior infections. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were measured by immunoglobulin ELISA, and neutralizing antibody titers were determined against the viral variants D614G, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5. Cellular immune responses were analyzed using an interferon-γ ELISpot. Notably, three years into the pandemic, healthcare workers in daily contact with COVID-19 patients did not have higher infection rates compared to healthcare workers with non-COVID-19 patient contact or no patient contact. Immune responses were similar across all groups, highlighting the effectiveness of vaccination and current hygiene standards in preventing virus transmission from patients to staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stammkötter
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.S.); (L.T.); (P.B.); (O.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Laura Thümmler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.S.); (L.T.); (P.B.); (O.W.); (H.R.)
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (B.M.); (P.A.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Johannes Korth
- Department of Nephrology, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- Practice for Kidney Diseases, Dialysis and Apheresis, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Marenbach
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (B.M.); (P.A.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Peer Braß
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.S.); (L.T.); (P.B.); (O.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Peter A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (B.M.); (P.A.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Monika Lindemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (B.M.); (P.A.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.S.); (L.T.); (P.B.); (O.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Hana Rohn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.S.); (L.T.); (P.B.); (O.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.S.); (L.T.); (P.B.); (O.W.); (H.R.)
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
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Petersson A, Holmberg J, Pattison-Granberg J, Ekblom K. Differences in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies depending on age, blood group, and sex in a Swedish blood donor cohort. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2024; 84:230-236. [PMID: 38905129 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2024.2361279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe differences in prevalence and the long-term presence of nucleocapsid antibodies (N-antibodies) elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Swedish blood donor population not subjected to lockdown. We tested 20,651 blood donor samples for nucleocapsid antibodies from the beginning of March 2020 and 27 months onwards using the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. The proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody samples was determined each week. After the exclusions of one-time donors and subjects with incomplete data, 19,726 samples from 4003 donors remained. Differences in antibody prevalences stratified for age, sex, and blood groups (ABO and RhD) were determined, as well as antibody loss and recovery. Lower antibody prevalence was seen for older donors, blood group AB, and RhD-negative subjects. A significant decrease in antibody titer between the first and the second antibody-positive donation was seen for the whole study group, females, older subjects, blood group O, AB, and RhD-positive subjects. The titer waned below the detection limit in 60 (3.0%) of 1983 N-antibody-positive donors, and for 18 of these donors, a second episode with antibodies was detected. We showed that N-antibodies persist for months or years and that surprisingly few antibody-positive donors lost their antibodies. We also conclude that antibody prevalence in a Swedish population never subject to lockdown did not apparently differ from populations that were subject to stricter regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Petersson
- Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Växjö Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Holmberg
- Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Växjö Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | | | - Kim Ekblom
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Hu WH, Cai HL, Yan HC, Wang H, Sun HM, Wei YY, Hao YT. Protective effectiveness of previous infection against subsequent SARS-Cov-2 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1353415. [PMID: 38966699 PMCID: PMC11222391 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1353415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The protective effectiveness provided by naturally acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection remain controversial. Objective To systematically evaluate the protective effect of natural immunity against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection with different variants. Methods We searched for related studies published in seven databases before March 5, 2023. Eligible studies included in the analysis reported the risk of subsequent infection for groups with or without a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome was the overall pooled incidence rate ratio (IRR) of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection/infection between the two groups. We also focused on the protective effectiveness of natural immunity against reinfection/infection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. We used a random-effects model to pool the data, and obtained the bias-adjusted results using the trim-and-fill method. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding included studies one by one to evaluate the stability of the results. Results We identified 40 eligible articles including more than 20 million individuals without the history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The bias-adjusted efficacy of naturally acquired antibodies against reinfection was estimated at 65% (pooled IRR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.26-0.47), with higher efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 cases (pooled IRR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.08-0.26) than asymptomatic infection (pooled IRR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.29-0.54). Meta-regression revealed that SARS-CoV-2 variant was a statistically significant effect modifier, which explaining 46.40% of the variation in IRRs. For different SARS-CoV-2 variant, the pooled IRRs for the Alpha (pooled IRR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.06-0.19), Delta (pooled IRR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.15-0.24) and Omicron (pooled IRR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42-0.87) variant were higher and higher. In other subgroup analyses, the pooled IRRs of SARS-CoV-2 infection were statistically various in different countries, publication year and the inclusion end time of population, with a significant difference (p = 0.02, p < 0.010 and p < 0.010), respectively. The risk of subsequent infection in the seropositive population appeared to increase slowly over time. Despite the heterogeneity in included studies, sensitivity analyses showed stable results. Conclusion Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection provides protection against pre-omicron reinfection, but less against omicron. Ongoing viral mutation requires attention and prevention strategies, such as vaccine catch-up, in conjunction with multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Le Cai
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Chang Yan
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yue Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Sun R, Kong D. Bilateral Association Between Atopic Dermatitis® and Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dermatitis 2024; 35:208-218. [PMID: 37471232 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2023.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between atopic Dermatitis® (AD) and alopecia areata (AA). A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science from the inception of each database to November 10, 2022 for relevant studies. As there is a potential bilateral association between the 2 diseases, we assessed the prevalence/incidence of AA in patients with AD and the prevalence/incidence of AD in patients with AA. A total of 29 studies involving 11,233,448 participants were included in this analysis. AA was the exposure factor in 23 studies, AD in 7 studies, and both in 1 study. The meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of AD was 11.2% (7.7%-15.1%) in patients with AA, and the prevalence of AA was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0%-11.5%) in patients with AD. The incidence of AD in AA patients was found to vary with age (P = 0.07). Based on 7 studies, there was a significant association between AD and AA when AA was the exposure factor [odds ratio, OR, = 4.537 (95% CI: 2.409-8.544)]; based on 10 studies, there was also a significant association between AD and AA when AD was the exposure factor [OR = 2.643 (95% CI: 1.737-3.995)]. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrated the 2-way association between AD and AA, providing a clinical reference for disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sun
- From the The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Deqi Kong
- Epidemic Prevention Department, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Wuzhong District, Suzhou, China
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Lee CY, Kuo HW, Liu YL, Chuang JH, Chou JH. Population-Based Evaluation of Vaccine Effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Severe Illness, and Death, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:478-489. [PMID: 38295401 PMCID: PMC10902541 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Taiwan provided several COVID-19 vaccine platforms: mRNA (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273), adenoviral vector-based (AZD1222), and protein subunit (MVC-COV1901). After Taiwan shifted from its zero-COVID strategy in April 2022, population-based evaluation of vaccine effectiveness (VE) became possible. We conducted an observational cohort study of 21,416,151 persons to examine VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection, moderate and severe illness, and death during March 22, 2021-September 30, 2022. After adjusting for age and sex, we found that persons who completed 3 vaccine doses (2 primary, 1 booster) or received MVC-COV1901 as the primary series had the lowest hospitalization incidence (0.04-0.20 cases/100,000 person-days). We also found 95.8% VE against hospitalization for 3 doses of BNT162b2, 91.0% for MVC-COV1901, 81.8% for mRNA-1273, and 65.7% for AZD1222, which had the lowest overall VE. Our findings indicated that protein subunit vaccines provide similar protection against SARS-CoV-2---associated hospitalization as mRNA vaccines and can inform mix-and-match vaccine selection in other countries.
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Mi H, Chen Q, Lin H, He T, Zhang R, Ren S, Liu L, Wang J, Huang H, Wang M, Guo Z, Su C. Short-term effectiveness of single-dose intranasal spray COVID-19 vaccine against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in healthcare workers: a prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 67:102374. [PMID: 38169940 PMCID: PMC10758709 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The pivotal phase 3 efficacy clinical trial has demonstrated that a two-dose regimen of dNS1-RBD (Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, China) is well-tolerated and provides wide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the effectiveness of a single-dose regimen is still unknown. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of one-dose of dNS1-RBD against symptomatic Omicron infections in real-world conditions. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted during an Omicron outbreak among healthcare workers in Xiamen, China, from December 22, 2022 to January 16, 2023. Participants chose to receive single-dose of dNS1-RBD or remain unvaccinated based on personal preference. Healthcare workers daily validated their SARS-CoV-2 infection status, using either RT-PCR or rapid antigen test. A survey questionnaire was conducted to gather information on acute symptoms from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. The primary outcome was the symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections after enrollment in the dNS1-RBD recipients or the control group among all participants and by prior COVID-19 vaccination status. Findings On December 22, 2022, a total of 1391 eligible participants without a history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Among them, 550 received single-dose of dNS1-RBD, while 841 remained unvaccinated. In the total cohort, the range of follow-up time was 1∼26 days. During the study period, a total of 880 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified in the total cohort. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and the infections requiring medical attention were 19.0% (95% CI: 6.7, 29.7, P = 0.004) and 59.4% (95% CI: 25.1, 78.0, P = 0.004) in the total cohort, 11.6% (95% CI: -2.4, 23.7, P = 0.100) and 55.3% (95% CI: 15.3, 76.4, P = 0.014) in the participants with inactivated COVID-19 vaccination history, as well as 87.0% (95% CI: 72.6, 93.9, P < 0.001) and 84.2% (95% CI: -41.8, 98.2, P = 0.099) in the naïve participants, respectively. Interpretation When administered as a booster to individuals with a history of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination, a single-dose of dNS1-RBD provides protection against infections requiring medical attention at least in the short-term after vaccination. The data also showed that a single-dose of dNS1-RBD is protective against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections as a primary immunization for individuals without prior exposure, but due to the limited sample size of naïve participants, further research with a larger sample size is needed to make a solid conclusion. Funding Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau 2022 General Science and Technology Plan Project and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Mi
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tingjuan He
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Ruixin Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shuhao Ren
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Zhinan Guo
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chenghao Su
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Nieto MA, Caballero N, Remolina CI, Moreno S, Vega D, Quintero J. Incidence and risk factors related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, reinfection, and seroconversion: Analysis of a healthcare workers cohort from a university hospital in Colombia. IJID REGIONS 2023; 9:63-71. [PMID: 37928802 PMCID: PMC10623274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the incidence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a university hospital in Colombia. Methods We analyzed the CoVIDA-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (FSFB) cohort, consisting of 419 HCWs from the FSFB university hospital. The cohort was followed during active surveillance (June 25, 2020, to April 30, 2021) and passive surveillance (May 01, 2021, to March 16, 2022) periods. Incidence rates for SARS-CoV-2 infection, reinfection, and seroconversion were estimated, considering pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to identify factors related to infection and seroconversion during the active surveillance period. Results COVID-19 incidence rate ranged between 16-52 cases per 1000 person-month. SARS-CoV-2 reinfections were rare, ranging between less than one case to 13 cases per 1000 person-month. The seroconversion rates ranged between 52-55 cases per 1000 person-month. High socioeconomic level was a protective factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, while SARS-CoV-2 infection was the main factor associated with seroconversion. Conclusion This study provides insights into the incidence and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs in a Colombian university hospital. The findings may offer valuable guidance for reducing virus spread within healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A. Nieto
- Population Health, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Nohemí Caballero
- Population Health, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Camila I. Remolina
- Population Health, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Sergio Moreno
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Daniela Vega
- Population Health, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Juliana Quintero
- Population Health, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Ismail NF, Rahman AE, Kulkarni D, Zhu F, Wang X, del Carmen Morales G, Srivastava A, Allen KE, Spinardi J, Kyaw MH, Nair H. Incidence and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the pre-Omicron era: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2023; 13:06051. [PMID: 37994839 PMCID: PMC10667793 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.06051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the emergence of new variants and sub-lineages of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), reinfections can significantly impact herd immunity, vaccination policies, and decisions on other public health measures. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise the global evidence on SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in the pre-Omicron era. Methods We searched five global databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, WHO COVID-19) on 12 May 2022 and 28 July 2023 and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, CQvip) on 16 October 2022 for articles reporting incidence and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection before the period of Omicron (B.1.1.529) predominance. We assessed risk of bias using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools and conducted meta-analyses with random effects models to estimate the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among initially infected cases and hospitalisation and mortality proportions among reinfected ones. Results We identified 7593 studies and extracted data from 64 included ones representing 21 countries. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was 1.16% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.33) based on 11 639 247 initially infected cases, with ≥45 days between the two infections. Healthcare providers (2.28%; 95% CI = 1.37-3.40) had a significantly higher risk of reinfection than the general population (1.00%; 95% CI = 0.81-1.20), while young adults aged 18 to 35 years (1.01%; 95% CI = 0.8-1.25) had a higher reinfection burden than other age groups (children <18 years old: 0.57%; 95% CI = 0.39-0.79, older adults aged 36-65 years old: 0.53%; 95% CI = 0.41-0.65, elderly >65 years old: 0.37%; 95% CI = 0.15-0.66). Among the reinfected cases, 8.12% (95% CI = 5.30-11.39) were hospitalised, 1.31% (95% CI = 0.29-2.83) were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 0.71% (95% CI = 0.02-2.01) died. Conclusions Our data suggest a relatively low risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the pre-Omicron era, but the risk of hospitalisation was relatively high among the reinfected cases. Considering the possibility of underdiagnosis, the reinfection burden may be underestimated. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42023449712.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabihah Farhana Ismail
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Communicable Disease Control Unit, Public Health Department, Johor State, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh
| | - Durga Kulkarni
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fuyu Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Amit Srivastava
- Pfizer, Vaccines, Emerging Markets
- Orbital Therapeutics, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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10
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Xu H, Cao D, Zhou D, Zhao N, Tang X, Shelat VG, Samant H, Satapathy SK, Tustumi F, Aprile G, He A, Xu X, Ge W. Baseline Albumin-Bilirubin grade as a predictor of response and outcome of regorafenib therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1006. [PMID: 37858207 PMCID: PMC10588229 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of regorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is widespread. Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) has been shown to be a potential prognostic marker for regorafenib treatment, but its prognostic value remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the value of the baseline ALBI grade in predicting the efficacy and survival outcomes of HCC patients after regorafenib treatment. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, and Vip Database were searched from January 2010 to October 2022. Studies treating HCC patients with regorafenib and with ALBI as a categorical variable, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) as outcome indicators were included. After applying Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to evaluate the quality of the included studies, Review Manager 5.4 was used to statistically analyze. Chi-square Q test and I2 statistics were used to detect heterogeneity. Funnel plot asymmetry, Egger's and Begg's test were used to evaluate publication bias. RESULTS A total of 12 studies, comprising 1,918 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The included studies were all evaluated as high quality. Compared to the high-grade baseline ALBI group, patients in the low-grade group had a longer survival time after receiving regorafenib and also more suitable for regorafenib treatment [odds ratio (OR) = 6.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.22-18.96, P < 0.01]. The low-grade baseline ALBI group before sorafenib treatment was significantly correlated with better OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.68-3.31, P < 0.00001] and PFS (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.16-2.08, P = 0.003). Likewise, the low-grade baseline ALBI group before regorafenib was also significantly correlated with better OS (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.15-2.13, P = 0.005) and PFS (HR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.37-3.11, P = 0.0005). In addition, the ALBI grade was significantly correlated with disease control rate (DCR) (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.45-5.79, P = 0.003), but not the objective response rate (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 0.71-5.46, P = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS The baseline ALBI grade could be a valuable prognostic indicator for predicting response and outcomes in HCC patients treated with regorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, #122 Xianzheng Road, Hanyang District, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Dedong Cao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dingjie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xixian Tang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Hrishikesh Samant
- Division of Hepatology, Ochsner Multi-Organ Transplant Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sanjaya K Satapathy
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Northwell Center for Liver Diseases & Transplantation, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Francisco Tustumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Anbing He
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, #122 Xianzheng Road, Hanyang District, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Oncology, Taikang Tongji Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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11
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Tapela K, Opurum PC, Nuokpem FY, Tetteh B, Siaw GK, Humbert MV, Tawiah-Eshun S, Barakisu AI, Asiedu K, Arhin SK, Manu AA, Appiedu-Addo SNA, Obbeng L, Quansah D, Languon S, Anyigba C, Dosoo D, Edu NKO, Oduro-Mensah D, Ampofo W, Tagoe E, Quaye O, Donkor IO, Akorli J, Aniweh Y, Christodoulides M, Mutungi J, Bediako Y, Rayner JC, Awandare GA, McCormick CJ, Quashie PK. Development of an Affordable ELISA Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Its Application to Samples from the Ongoing COVID-19 Epidemic in Ghana. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:583-592. [PMID: 37462793 PMCID: PMC10435612 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The true nature of the population spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in populations is often not fully known as most cases, particularly in Africa, are asymptomatic. Finding the true magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 spread is crucial to provide actionable data about the epidemiological progress of the disease for researchers and policymakers. This study developed and optimized an antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant nucleocapsid antigen expressed in-house using a simple bacterial expression system. METHODS Nucleocapsid protein from SARS-CoV-2 was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Plasma samples used for the assay development were obtained from Ghanaian SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals during the pandemic, while seronegative controls were plasma samples collected from blood donors before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Another set of seronegative controls was collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Antibody detection and levels within the samples were validated using commercial kits and Luminex. Analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism, and the sensitivity, specificity and background cut-off were calculated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This low-cost ELISA (£0.96/test) assay has a high prediction of 98.9%, and sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 99%, respectively. The assay was subsequently used to screen plasma from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive Ghanaians. The assay showed no significant difference in nucleocapsid antibody levels between symptomatic and asymptomatic, with an increase of the levels over time. This is in line with our previous publication. CONCLUSION This study developed a low-cost and transferable assay that enables highly sensitive and specific detection of human anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. This assay can be modified to include additional antigens and used for continuous monitoring of sero-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Precious C Opurum
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Franklin Y Nuokpem
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Becky Tetteh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Godfred K Siaw
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Maria V Humbert
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sylvia Tawiah-Eshun
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anna Ibrahim Barakisu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwame Asiedu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kojo Arhin
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Aaron A Manu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sekyibea N A Appiedu-Addo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Louisa Obbeng
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Darius Quansah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sylvester Languon
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Claudia Anyigba
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Dosoo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nelson K O Edu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Oduro-Mensah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - William Ampofo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Tagoe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Irene Owusu Donkor
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Aniweh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Joe Mutungi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Bediako
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Yemaachi Biotech Inc., 222 Swaniker St, Accra, Ghana
| | - Julian C Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christopher J McCormick
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Peter Kojo Quashie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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12
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Parahuleva MS, Harbaum L, Patsalis N, Parahuleva N, Arndt C, Lüsebrink U, Schieffer B, Kreutz J. New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection Is a Predictor of Mortality in Hospitalized Patients: CovAF-Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103500. [PMID: 37240606 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that hospitalized COVID-19 patients have an increased incidence of arrhythmia, especially atrial fibrillation (AF). This single-center study included 383 hospitalized patients with positive polymerase chain reaction tests for COVID-19 from March 2020 to April 2021. Patient characteristics were documented, and data were analyzed for episodes of AF on admission or during the hospital stay, intrahospital mortality, need for intensive care and/or invasive ventilation, inflammatory parameters (hs-CRP, IL-6, and procalcitonin), and differential blood count. We demonstrated that in the setting of hospitalized cases of COVID-19 infection, there is an incidence of 9.8% (n = 36) for the occurrence of new-onset AF. Furthermore, it was shown that a total of 21% (n = 77) had a history of episodes of paroxysmal/persistent AF. However, only about one-third of patients with pre-existing AF had relevant documented tachycardic episodes during the hospital stay. Patients with new-onset AF had a significantly increased intrahospital mortality compared to the control and the pre-existing AF without rapid ventricular rate (RVR) group. Patients with new-onset AF required intensive care and invasive ventilation more frequently. Further analysis examined patients with episodes of RVR and demonstrated that they had significantly elevated CRP (p < 0.05) and PCT (p < 0.05) levels on the day of hospital admission compared to patients without RVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Parahuleva
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Harbaum
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Patsalis
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nikoleta Parahuleva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Christian Arndt
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lüsebrink
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schieffer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julian Kreutz
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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Deng J, Ma Y, Liu Q, Du M, Liu M, Liu J. Severity and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Compared with Primary Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3335. [PMID: 36834029 PMCID: PMC9961977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection has brought new challenges to the global prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, current studies suggest that there is still great uncertainty about the risk of severe COVID-19 and poor outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Random-effects inverse-variance models were used to evaluate the pooled prevalence (PP) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of severity, outcomes and symptoms of reinfection. Random-effects were used to estimate the pooled odds ratios (OR) and its 95%CI of severity and outcomes between reinfections and primary infections. Nineteen studies involving a total of 34,375 cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and 5,264,720 cases of SARS-CoV-2 primary infection were included in this meta-analysis. Among those SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases, 41.77% (95%CI, 19.23-64.31%) were asymptomatic, and 51.83% (95%CI, 23.90-79.76%) were symptomatic, only 0.58% (95%CI, 0.031-1.14%) manifested as severe illness, and 0.04% (95%CI, 0.009-0.078%) manifested as critical illness. The PPs for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection-related hospitalization, admission to ICU, and death were, respectively, 15.48% (95%CI, 11.98-18.97%), 3.58% (95%CI, 0.39-6.77%), 2.96% (95%CI, 1.25-4.67%). Compared with SARS-CoV-2 primary infection cases, reinfection cases were more likely to present with mild illness (OR = 7.01, 95%CI, 5.83-8.44), and the risk of severe illness was reduced by 86% (OR = 0.14, 95%CI, 0.11-0.16). Primary infection provided some protection against reinfection and reduces the risk of symptomatic infection and severe illness. Reinfection did not contribute to extra risk of hospitalization, ICU, or death. It is suggested to scientifically understand the risk of reinfection of SARS-CoV-2, strengthen public health education, maintain healthy habits, and reduce the risk of reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yirui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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14
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Ren Z, Yuan J, Luo Y, Wang J, Li Y. Association of air pollution and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:23. [PMID: 36760250 PMCID: PMC9906206 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The association between air pollution (AP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), especially between different pollutants and GDM, remains controversial and debatable. Hence, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to provide comprehensive evidence-based support for the association between AP and GDM. Methods The databases of the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 1 April 2022, in combination with manual retrieval. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of case-control studies and cohort studies, while the Joana Brigg's Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist was used for the quality assessment of cross-sectional studies. Results We identified 35 epidemiological studies (including 33 cohort studies, 1 cross-sectional study, and 1 case-control study) covering 6,939,725 pregnant women, of whom 865,460 were GDM patients. The NOS score of all included case-control studies and cohort studies was higher than six, and one of the included cross-sectional studies was rated as high quality according to the JBI assessment. Meta-analysis showed that fine particulate matter and air pollutants [PM2.5, odds ratio (OR) =1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.08, Z =7.76, P<0.001; PM10, OR =1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11, Z =2.62, P=0.009; sulfur dioxide (SO2), OR =1.18, 95% CI: 1.10-1.26, Z = 4.69, P<0.001; nitric oxide (NO), OR =1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.06,Z =3.33, P=0.001; nitrogen oxides (NOX), OR =1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11, Z =3.93, P<0.001; black carbon (BC), OR =1.08, 95% CI: 1.06-1.10, Z =7.58, P<0.001] was associated with GDM. Furthermore, no significant association was observed between O3, CO, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure and GDM. Conclusions Exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO, NOX, and BC significantly increases the risk of GDM. AP is a remediable environmental trigger that can be prevented by human interventions, such as lowering AP levels or limiting human exposure to air pollutants. The government should strengthen the supervision of air quality and make air quality information more transparent. Besides, living conditions are crucial during pregnancy. Living in a place with more green areas is recommended, and indoor air purification should also be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglian Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaying Yuan
- Science and education section, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
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15
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Abu Fanne R, Lidawi G, Maraga E, Moed M, Roguin A, Meisel SR. Correlation between Baseline 25(OH) Vitamin D Levels and Both Humoral Immunity and Breakthrough Infection Post-COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122116. [PMID: 36560526 PMCID: PMC9784151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vaccines against COVID-19 induce specific antibodies whose titer is perceived as a reliable correlate of protection. Vitamin D confers complex regulatory effects on the innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we explored a plausible impact of baseline vitamin D content on achieved immunity following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A retrospective observational study comprising 73,254 naïve subjects insured by the Leumit Health Service HMO, who were vaccinated between 1 February 2020 and 30 January 2022, with one available vitamin D level prior to vaccination, was performed. The association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels, SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer, and post-vaccination PCR results were evaluated. Results: Of the study population, 5026 (6.9%) tested positive for COVID-19. The proportion of low 25(OH)D levels (<30 ng/mL) was significantly higher in the PCR-positive group (81.5% vs. 79%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a higher incidence of breakthrough infection among non-smokers [1.37 (95% CI 1.22−1.54, p < 0.001)] and lower incidences among subjects with sufficient 25(OH)D levels (>30 ng/mL) [0.87 (95% CI 0.79−0.95, p—0.004)], hyperlipidemia [0.84 (95% CI 0.76−0.93, p < 0.001], depression [OR-0.87 (95% CI: 0.79−0.96, p < 0.005], socio-economic status >10 [0.67 (95% CI 0.61−0.73, p < 0.001)], and age >44 years. SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were available in 3659 vaccinated individuals. The prevalence of antibody titers (<50 AU) among PCR-positive subjects was 42% compared to 28% among PCR-negative subjects (p < 0.001). Baseline 25(OH)D levels showed an inverse relation to total antibody titers. However, no association was found with an antibody titer <50 AU/mL fraction. Conclusion Baseline 25(OH)D levels correlated with the vaccination-associated protective COVID-19 immunity. Antibody titers <50 AU/mL were significantly linked to breakthrough infection but did not correlate with 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Abu Fanne
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Ghalib Lidawi
- Urology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
| | - Emad Maraga
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Mahmud Moed
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel
| | - Ariel Roguin
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
| | - Simcha-Ron Meisel
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
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Hussey H, Vreede H, Davies MA, Heekes A, Kalk E, Hardie D, van Zyl G, Naidoo M, Morden E, Bam JL, Zinyakatira N, Centner CM, Maritz J, Opie J, Chapanduka Z, Mahomed H, Smith M, Cois A, Pienaar D, Redd AD, Preiser W, Wilkinson R, Chetty K, Boulle A, Hsiao NY. Epidemiology and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with anti-nucleocapsid seropositivity in Cape Town, South Africa. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.12.01.22282927. [PMID: 36523408 PMCID: PMC9753787 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.01.22282927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background In low- and middle-income countries where SARS-CoV-2 testing is limited, seroprevalence studies can characterise the scale and determinants of the pandemic, as well as elucidate protection conferred by prior exposure. Methods We conducted repeated cross-sectional serosurveys (July 2020 - November 2021) using residual plasma from routine convenient blood samples from patients with non-COVID-19 conditions from Cape Town, South Africa. SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies and linked clinical information were used to investigate: (1) seroprevalence over time and risk factors associated with seropositivity, (2) ecological comparison of seroprevalence between subdistricts, (3) case ascertainment rates, and (4) the relative protection against COVID-19 associated with seropositivity and vaccination statuses, to estimate variant disease severity. Findings Among the subset sampled, seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Cape Town increased from 39.2% in July 2020 to 67.8% in November 2021. Poorer communities had both higher seroprevalence and COVID-19 mortality. Only 10% of seropositive individuals had a recorded positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Antibody positivity before the start of the Omicron BA.1 wave (28 November 2021) was strongly protective for severe disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.15; 95%CI 0.05-0.46), with additional benefit in those who were also vaccinated (aOR 0.07, 95%CI 0.01-0.35). Interpretation The high population seroprevalence in Cape Town was attained at the cost of substantial COVID-19 mortality. At the individual level, seropositivity was highly protective against subsequent infections and severe COVID-19. Funding Wellcome Trust, National Health Laboratory Service, the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH (ADR) and Western Cape Government Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hussey
- Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa
- Metro Health Services, Western Cape Government: Health
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helena Vreede
- Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
| | - Mary-Ann Davies
- Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexa Heekes
- Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emma Kalk
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Diana Hardie
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gert van Zyl
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Michelle Naidoo
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Erna Morden
- Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jamy-Lee Bam
- Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa
| | - Nesbert Zinyakatira
- Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Jean Maritz
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- PathCare Reference Laboratory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jessica Opie
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
- Division of Haematology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zivanai Chapanduka
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
- Division of Haematology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Hassan Mahomed
- Metro Health Services, Western Cape Government: Health
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University
| | - Mariette Smith
- Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annibale Cois
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University
| | - David Pienaar
- Rural Health Services, Western Cape Government: Health
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wolfgang Preiser
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Robert Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kamy Chetty
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
| | - Andrew Boulle
- Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nei-Yuan Hsiao
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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17
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Findlater L, Trickey A, Jones HE, Trindall A, Taylor-Phillips S, Mulchandani R, Oliver I, Wyllie D. Association of Results of Four Lateral Flow Antibody Tests with Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0246822. [PMID: 36135374 PMCID: PMC9602656 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02468-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine coverage remains incomplete, being only 15% in low-income countries. Rapid point-of-care tests predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility in the unvaccinated may assist in risk management and vaccine prioritization. We conducted a prospective cohort study in 2,826 participants working in hospitals and Fire and Police services in England, UK, during the pandemic (ISRCTN5660922). Plasma taken at recruitment in June 2020 was tested using four lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) devices and two laboratory immunoassays detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (UK Rapid Test Consortium's AbC-19 rapid test, OrientGene COVID IgG/IgM rapid test cassette, SureScreen COVID-19 rapid test cassette, and Biomerica COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test; Roche N and Euroimmun S laboratory assays). We monitored participants for microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection for 200 days. We estimated associations between test results at baseline and subsequent infection, using Poisson regression models adjusted for baseline demographic risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Positive IgG results on each of the four LFIAs were associated with lower rates of subsequent infection with adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) of 0.00 (95% confidence interval, 0.00 to 0.01), 0.03 (0.02 to 0.05), 0.07 (0.05 to 0.10), and 0.09 (0.07 to 0.12), respectively. The protective association was strongest for AbC-19 and SureScreen. The aIRR for the laboratory Roche N antibody assay at the manufacturer-recommended threshold was similar to those of the two best performing LFIAs at 0.03 (0.01 to 0.10). Lateral flow devices measuring SARS-CoV-2 IgG predicted disease risk in unvaccinated individuals over a 200-day follow-up. The association of some LFIAs with subsequent infection was similar to laboratory immunoassays. IMPORTANCE Previous research has demonstrated an association between the detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 following natural infection and protection from subsequent symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG are a cheap, readily deployed technology that has been used on a large scale in population screening programs, yet no studies have investigated whether LFIA results are associated with subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a prospective cohort study of 2,826 United Kingdom key workers, we found positivity in lateral flow test results had a strong negative association with subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection within 200 days in an unvaccinated population. Positivity on more-specific but less-sensitive tests was associated with a markedly decreased rate of disease; protection associated with testing positive using more sensitive devices detecting lower levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was more modest. Lateral flow tests with high specificity may have a role in estimation of SARS-CoV-2 disease risk in unvaccinated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Findlater
- UK Health Security Agency, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Behavioural Science and Evaluation at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Trickey
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley E. Jones
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Behavioural Science and Evaluation at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Trindall
- UK Health Security Agency, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - EDSAB-HOME Investigators
- UK Health Security Agency, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Behavioural Science and Evaluation at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Oliver
- UK Health Security Agency, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Behavioural Science and Evaluation at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Wyllie
- UK Health Security Agency, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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