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Bourouh M, Dhaliwal R, Rai R, Qureshi H, Swan A. Analysis of nondegradable cyclins reveals distinct roles of the mitotic cyclins in Drosophila meiosis. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae066. [PMID: 38551147 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Meiosis is a complex variant of the mitotic cell cycle, and as such relies on many of the same proteins involved in mitosis, but utilizes these in novel ways. As in mitosis, Cdk1 and its cyclin partners, Cyclin A, B, and B3 are required at multiple steps in meiosis. Here, we study the effect of stabilized forms of the three mitotic cyclins to study the consequences of failure to degrade the cyclins in meiosis. We find that stabilized Cyclin B3 promotes ectopic microtubule polymerization throughout the egg, dependent on APC/C activity and apparently due to the consequent destruction of Cyclin A and Cyclin B. We present data that suggests CycB, and possibly CycA, can also promote APC/C activity at specific stages of meiosis. We also present evidence that in meiosis APC/CCort and APC/CFzy are able to target Cyclin B via a novel degron. Overall, our findings highlight the distinct functions of the three mitotic Cdk-cyclin complexes in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bourouh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Rajdeep Dhaliwal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Rajni Rai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Hafsah Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Andrew Swan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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2
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McKenney C, Lendner Y, Guerrero Zuniga A, Sinha N, Veresko B, Aikin TJ, Regot S. CDK4/6 activity is required during G 2 arrest to prevent stress-induced endoreplication. Science 2024; 384:eadi2421. [PMID: 38696576 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle events are coordinated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to ensure robust cell division. CDK4/6 and CDK2 regulate the growth 1 (G1) to synthesis (S) phase transition of the cell cycle by responding to mitogen signaling, promoting E2F transcription and inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex. We found that this mechanism was still required in G2-arrested cells to prevent cell cycle exit after the S phase. This mechanism revealed a role for CDK4/6 in maintaining the G2 state, challenging the notion that the cell cycle is irreversible and that cells do not require mitogens after passing the restriction point. Exit from G2 occurred during ribotoxic stress and was actively mediated by stress-activated protein kinases. Upon relief of stress, a significant fraction of cells underwent a second round of DNA replication that led to whole-genome doubling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor McKenney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yovel Lendner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adler Guerrero Zuniga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Niladri Sinha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Veresko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J Aikin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Ratnayeke N, Baris Y, Chung M, Yeeles JTP, Meyer T. CDT1 inhibits CMG helicase in early S phase to separate origin licensing from DNA synthesis. Mol Cell 2023; 83:26-42.e13. [PMID: 36608667 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human cells license tens of thousands of origins of replication in G1 and then must stop all licensing before DNA synthesis in S phase to prevent re-replication and genome instability that ensue when an origin is licensed on replicated DNA. However, the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4Cdt2 only starts to degrade the licensing factor CDT1 after origin firing, raising the question of how cells prevent re-replication before CDT1 is fully degraded. Here, using quantitative microscopy and in-vitro-reconstituted human DNA replication, we show that CDT1 inhibits DNA synthesis during an overlap period when CDT1 is still present after origin firing. CDT1 inhibits DNA synthesis by suppressing CMG helicase at replication forks, and DNA synthesis commences once CDT1 is degraded. Thus, in contrast to the prevailing model that human cells prevent re-replication by strictly separating licensing from firing, licensing and firing overlap, and cells instead separate licensing from DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin Ratnayeke
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yasemin Baris
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Mingyu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph T P Yeeles
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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4
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Caraci F, Fidilio A, Santangelo R, Caruso G, Giuffrida ML, Tomasello MF, Nicoletti F, Copani A. Molecular Connections between DNA Replication and Cell Death in β-Amyloid-Treated Neurons. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2006-2018. [PMID: 37021419 PMCID: PMC10514525 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230404121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic cell cycle reactivation in neurons is associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. In cultured rodent neurons, synthetic β-amyloid (Aβ) reproduces the neuronal cell cycle re-entry observed in the Alzheimer's brain, and blockade of the cycle prevents Aβ-induced neurodegeneration. DNA polymerase-β, whose expression is induced by Aβ, is responsible for the DNA replication process that ultimately leads to neuronal death, but the molecular mechanism(s) linking DNA replication to neuronal apoptosis are presently unknown. AIM To explore the role of a conserved checkpoint pathway started by DNA replication stress, namely the ATM-ATR/Claspin/Chk-1 pathway, in switching the neuronal response from DNA replication to apoptosis. METHODS Experiments were carried out in cultured rat cortical neurons challenged with toxic oligomers of Aβ protein. RESULTS Small inhibitory molecules of ATM/ATR kinase or Chk-1 amplified Aβ-induced neuronal DNA replication and apoptosis, as they were permissive to the DNA polymerase-β activity triggered by Aβ oligomers. Claspin, i.e., the adaptor protein between ATM/ATR kinase and the downstream Chk-1, was present on DNA replication forks of neurons early after Aβ challenge, and decreased at times coinciding with neuronal apoptosis. The caspase-3/7 inhibitor I maintained overtime the amount of Claspin loaded on DNA replication forks and, concomitantly, reduced neuronal apoptosis by holding neurons in the S phase. Moreover, a short phosphopeptide mimicking the Chk-1-binding motif of Claspin was able to prevent Aβ-challenged neurons from entering apoptosis. CONCLUSION We speculate that, in the Alzheimer's brain, Claspin degradation by intervening factors may precipitate the death of neurons engaged into DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- UOR of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- UOR of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Rosa Santangelo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Giuffrida
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, Catania Unit, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Agata Copani
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, Catania Unit, Catania, Italy
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5
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Gupta A, Dagar G, Chauhan R, Sadida HQ, Almarzooqi SK, Hashem S, Uddin S, Macha MA, Akil ASAS, Pandita TK, Bhat AA, Singh M. Cyclin-dependent kinases in cancer: Role, regulation, and therapeutic targeting. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:21-55. [PMID: 37061333 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell division is one of the fundamental phenomena which is the basis of all life on earth. Even a single base pair mutation in DNA leads to the production of the dysregulated protein that can have catastrophic consequences. Cell division is tightly controlled and orchestrated by proteins called cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKs), which serve as licensing factors during different phases of cell division. Dysregulated cell division is one of the most important hallmarks of cancer and is commonly associated with a mutation in cyclins and CDKs along with tumor suppressor proteins. Therefore, targeting the component of the cell cycle which leads to these characteristics would be an effective strategy for treating cancers. Specifically, Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) involved in cell cycle regulation have been identified to be overexpressed in many cancers. Many studies indicate that oncogenesis occurs in cancerous cells by the overactivity of different CDKs, which impact cell cycle progression and checkpoint dysregulation which is responsible for development of tumor. The development of CDK inhibitors has emerged as a promising and novel approach for cancer treatment in both solid and hematological malignancies. Some of the novel CDK inhibitors have shown remarkable results in clinical trials, such as-Ribociclib®, Palbociclib® and Abemaciclib®, which are CDK4/6 inhibitors and have received FDA approval for the treatment of breast cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the molecular mechanism through which cyclins and CDKs regulate cell cycle progression and the emergence of cyclins and CDKs as rational targets in cancer. We also discuss recent advances in developing CDK inhibitors, which have emerged as a novel class of inhibitors, and their associated toxicities in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Dagar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara K Almarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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6
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Ni K, Hong L. Current Progress and Perspectives of CDC20 in Female Reproductive Cancers. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:193-199. [PMID: 35319365 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220321130102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cancers of the cervix, endometrium, ovary, and breast are great threats to women's health. Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells and deregulated cell cycle progression is one of the main causes of malignancy. Agents targeting cell cycle regulators may have potential anti-tumor effects. CDC20 (cell division cycle 20 homologue) is a co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and thus acts as a mitotic regulator. In addition, CDC20 serves as a subunit of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) whose function is to inhibit APC/C. Recently, higher expression of CDC20 has been reported in these cancers and was closely associated with their clinicopathological parameters, indicating CDC20 a potential target for cancer treatment that is worth further study. In the present review, we summarized current progress and put forward perspectives of CDC20 in female reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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7
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Tian X, Xu WH, Xu FJ, Li H, Anwaier A, Wang HK, Wan FN, Zhu Y, Cao DL, Zhu YP, Shi GH, Qu YY, Zhang HL, Ye DW. Identification of prognostic biomarkers in papillary renal cell carcinoma and PTTG1 may serve as a biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response. Ann Med 2022; 54:211-226. [PMID: 35037540 PMCID: PMC8765283 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2011956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC). METHODS Two microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and functional annotations of DEGs were established. Survival analysis was utilized to evaluate the prognostic significance of the DEGs and the association between the expression level of candidate biomarkers and various tumour-infiltrating immune cells was explored. The role of PTTG1 in tumour microenvironments (TME) was further explored using Single-cell RNA-seq and its prognostic and therapeutic significance was validated in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre (FUSCC) cohort. RESULTS Eight genes, including BUB1B, CCNB1, CCNB2, MAD2L1, TTK, CDC20, PTTG1, and MCM were found to be negatively associated with patients' prognosis. The expression level of PTTG1 was found to be significantly associated with lymphocytes, immunomodulators, and chemokine in the TCGA cohort. Single-cell RNA-seq information indicated that PTTG1 was strongly associated with the proliferation of T cells. In the FUSCC cohort, the expression level of PTTG1 was also statistically significant for both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) prediction (HR = 2.683, p < .001; HR = 2.673, p = .001). And higher expression level of PTTG1 was significantly associated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response in the FUSCC cohort (χ2=3.99, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Eight genes were identified as a prognostic biomarker and the expression level of PTTG1 was also found to serve as a potential predictor for ICB response in pRCC patients.Key messages:Eight genes, including BUB1B, CCNB1, CCNB2, MAD2L1, TTK, CDC20, PTTG1, and MCM were found to be negatively associated with pRCC patients' prognosis.Expression level of PTTG1 was significantly associated with tumour microenvironment including lymphocytes, immunomodulators, and chemokines.Higher expression level of PTTG1 was significantly associated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response in FUSCC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tian
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Jiang Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Aihetaimujiang Anwaier
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Ning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu- Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Da-Long Cao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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8
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Xian F, Yang X, Xu G. Prognostic significance of CDC20 expression in malignancy patients: A meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1017864. [PMID: 36479068 PMCID: PMC9720739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1017864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell Division Cycle Protein 20(CDC20) is reported to promote cancer initiation, progression and drug resistance in many preclinical models and is demonstrated in human cancer tissues. However, the correlation between CDC20 and cancer patients' prognosis has not yet been systematically evaluated. Therefore, this present meta-analysis was performed to determine the prognostic value of CDC20 expression in various malignancy tumors. METHODS A thorough database search was performed in EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to May 2022. Stata14.0 Software was used for the statistical analysis. The pooled hazard ratios(HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to analysis of overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), distant-metastasis free survival (DMFS). Qualities of the included literature were assessed by JBI Critical appraisal checklist. Egger's test was used to assess publication bias in the included studies. RESULTS Ten articles were selected, and 2342 cancer patients were enrolled. The cancer types include breast, colorectal, lung, gastric, oral, prostate, urothelial bladder cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The result showed strong significant associations between high expression of CDC20 and endpoints: OS (HR 2.52, 95%CI 2.13-2.99; HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.50-2.82, respectively) in the multivariate analysis and in the univariate analysis. Also, high expression of CDC20 was significantly connected with poor RFS (HR 2.08, 95%CI 1.46-2.98) and poor DMFS (HR 4.49, 95%CI 1.57-12.85). The subgroup analysis was also performed, which revealed that CDC20 upregulated expression was related to poor OS in non-small cell lung cancer (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.91-3.02). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrated that highly expressing CDC20 was associated with poor survival in human malignancy tumors. CDC20 may be a valuable prognostic predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in various cancer parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xian
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Oncology Department, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuegang Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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9
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A Truncated Form of the p27 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Translated from Pre-mRNA Causes G 2-Phase Arrest. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0021722. [PMID: 36317925 PMCID: PMC9671031 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00217-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing is an indispensable mechanism for eukaryotic gene expression. Splicing inhibition causes cell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2/M phases, and this is thought to be one of the reasons for the potent antitumor activity of splicing inhibitors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the cell cycle arrest have many unknown aspects. In particular, the mechanism of G2/M-phase arrest caused by splicing inhibition is completely unknown. Here, we found that lower and higher concentrations of pladienolide B caused M-phase and G2-phase arrest, respectively. We analyzed protein levels of cell cycle regulators and found that a truncated form of the p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, named p27*, accumulated in G2-arrested cells. Overexpression of p27* caused partial G2-phase arrest. Conversely, knockdown of p27* accelerated exit from G2/M phase after washout of splicing inhibitor. These results suggest that p27* contributes to G2/M-phase arrest caused by splicing inhibition. We also found that p27* bound to and inhibited M-phase cyclins, although it is well known that p27 regulates the G1/S transition. Intriguingly, p27*, but not full-length p27, was resistant to proteasomal degradation and remained in G2/M phase. These results suggest that p27*, which is a very stable truncated protein in G2/M phase, contributes to G2-phase arrest caused by splicing inhibition.
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10
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Cao X, Shami Shah A, Sanford EJ, Smolka MB, Baskin JM. Proximity Labeling Reveals Spatial Regulation of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome by a Microtubule Adaptor. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2605-2618. [PMID: 35952650 PMCID: PMC9933862 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) coordinates advancement through mitosis via temporally controlled polyubiquitination events. Despite the long-appreciated spatial organization of key events in mitosis mediated largely by cytoskeletal networks, the spatial regulation of APC/C, the major mitotic E3 ligase, is poorly understood. We describe a microtubule-resident protein, PLEKHA5, as an interactor of APC/C and spatial regulator of its activity in mitosis. Microtubule-localized proximity biotinylation tools revealed that PLEKHA5 depletion decreased APC/C association with the microtubule cytoskeleton, which prevented efficient loading of APC/C with its coactivator CDC20 and led to reduced APC/C E3 ligase activity. PLEKHA5 knockdown delayed mitotic progression, causing accumulation of APC/C substrates dependent upon the PLEKHA5-APC/C interaction in microtubules. We propose that PLEKHA5 functions as an adaptor of APC/C that promotes its subcellular localization to microtubules and facilitates its activation by CDC20, thus ensuring the timely turnover of key mitotic APC/C substrates and proper progression through mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Adnan Shami Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Ethan J Sanford
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Marcus B Smolka
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jeremy M Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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11
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The Prognostic Assessment of CDC20 in Patients with Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma and Its Relationship with Body Immunity. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:7727539. [PMID: 35800227 PMCID: PMC9200543 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7727539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article analyzes the relationship between cell division cycle (CDC20) molecules and oncology outcomes in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). CDC20 appears to act as a regulatory protein interacting with many other proteins at multiple points in the cycle. The RNA sequencing data and corresponding clinical information of CDC20 molecules were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression of CDC20 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue was detected by immunohistochemical methods. Logistic analysis was performed to analyze the role of CDC20 in the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of KIRC. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the signal pathways which were related to CDC20. Independent prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. A nomogram involved in CDC20 expression and clinicopathological variables was conducted to predict overall survival (OS) in KIRC patients at 1, 3, and 5 years. Furthermore, the relation between CDC20 and immunity was also studied. Our results showed that CDC20 was upregulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma tissues, accompanying shorter OS (all P < 0.05). According to the results obtained by immunohistochemistry and TCGA database, CDC20 was significantly upregulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma tissues compared with neighboring normal kidney tissues. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high expression of CDC20 was an independent prognostic factor of poor prognosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients (all P < 0.05). GSEA analysis suggested that the high expression of CDC20 was related to eight multiple signaling pathways. In addition, CDC20 was linked to tumour mutation burden (TMB), immune checkpoint molecules, tumour microenvironment, and immunological infiltration.
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Okoye CN, Rowling PJE, Itzhaki LS, Lindon C. Counting Degrons: Lessons From Multivalent Substrates for Targeted Protein Degradation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913063. [PMID: 35860655 PMCID: PMC9289945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
E3s comprise a structurally diverse group of at least 800 members, most of which target multiple substrates through specific and regulated protein-protein interactions. These interactions typically rely on short linear motifs (SLiMs), called "degrons", in an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of the substrate, with variable rules of engagement governing different E3-docking events. These rules of engagement are of importance to the field of targeted protein degradation (TPD), where substrate ubiquitination and destruction require tools to effectively harness ubiquitin ligases (E3s). Substrates are often found to contain multiple degrons, or multiple copies of a degron, contributing to the affinity and selectivity of the substrate for its E3. One important paradigm for E3-substrate docking is presented by the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), a multi-subunit E3 ligase that targets hundreds of proteins for destruction during mitotic exit. APC/C substrate targeting takes place in an ordered manner thought to depend on tightly regulated interactions of substrates, with docking sites provided by the substoichiometric APC/C substrate adaptors and coactivators, Cdc20 or Cdh1/FZR1. Both structural and functional studies of individual APC/C substrates indicate that productive ubiquitination usually requires more than one degron, and that degrons are of different types docking to distinct sites on the coactivators. However, the dynamic nature of APC/C substrate recruitment, and the influence of multiple degrons, remains poorly understood. Here we review the significance of multiple degrons in a number of E3-substrate interactions that have been studied in detail, illustrating distinct kinetic effects of multivalency and allovalency, before addressing the role of multiple degrons in APC/C substrates, key to understanding ordered substrate destruction by APC/C. Lastly, we consider how lessons learnt from these studies can be applied in the design of TPD tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Zika Virus Induces Mitotic Catastrophe in Human Neural Progenitors by Triggering Unscheduled Mitotic Entry in the Presence of DNA Damage While Functionally Depleting Nuclear PNKP. J Virol 2022; 96:e0033322. [PMID: 35412344 PMCID: PMC9093132 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00333-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) leads with high frequency to congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS), whose worst outcome is microcephaly. However, the mechanisms of congenital ZIKV neurodevelopmental pathologies, including direct cytotoxicity to neural progenitor cells (NPC), placental insufficiency, and immune responses, remain incompletely understood. At the cellular level, microcephaly typically results from death or insufficient proliferation of NPC or cortical neurons. NPC replicate fast, requiring efficient DNA damage responses to ensure genome stability. Like congenital ZIKV infection, mutations in the polynucleotide 5′-kinase 3′-phosphatase (PNKP) gene, which encodes a critical DNA damage repair enzyme, result in recessive syndromes often characterized by congenital microcephaly with seizures (MCSZ). We thus tested whether there were any links between ZIKV and PNKP. Here, we show that two PNKP phosphatase inhibitors or PNKP knockout inhibited ZIKV replication. PNKP relocalized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in infected cells, colocalizing with the marker of ZIKV replication factories (RF) NS1 and resulting in functional nuclear PNKP depletion. Although infected NPC accumulated DNA damage, they failed to activate the DNA damage checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Chk2. ZIKV also induced activation of cytoplasmic CycA/CDK1 complexes, which trigger unscheduled mitotic entry. Inhibition of CDK1 activity inhibited ZIKV replication and the formation of RF, supporting a role of cytoplasmic CycA/CDK1 in RF morphogenesis. In brief, ZIKV infection induces mitotic catastrophe resulting from unscheduled mitotic entry in the presence of DNA damage. PNKP and CycA/CDK1 are thus host factors participating in ZIKV replication in NPC, and pathogenesis to neural progenitor cells. IMPORTANCE The 2015–2017 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil and subsequent international epidemic revealed the strong association between ZIKV infection and congenital malformations, mostly neurodevelopmental defects up to microcephaly. The scale and global expansion of the epidemic, the new ZIKV outbreaks (Kerala state, India, 2021), and the potential burden of future ones pose a serious ongoing risk. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms resulting in microcephaly remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that ZIKV infection of neuronal progenitor cells results in cytoplasmic sequestration of an essential DNA repair protein itself associated with microcephaly, with the consequent accumulation of DNA damage, together with an unscheduled activation of cytoplasmic CDK1/Cyclin A complexes in the presence of DNA damage. These alterations result in mitotic catastrophe of neuronal progenitors, which would lead to a depletion of cortical neurons during development.
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Bruno S, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Napolitano R, Soverini S, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. CDC20 in and out of mitosis: a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:159. [PMID: 35490245 PMCID: PMC9055704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is a well-known regulator of cell cycle, as it controls the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Many studies have focused on the biological role of CDC20 in cancer development, as alterations of its functionality have been linked to genomic instability and evidence demonstrated that high CDC20 expression levels are associated with poor overall survival in solid cancers. More recently, novel CDC20 functions have been demonstrated or suggested, including the regulation of apoptosis and stemness properties and a correlation with immune cell infiltration. Here, we here summarize and discuss the role of CDC20 inside and outside mitosis, starting from its network of interacting proteins. In the last years, CDC20 has also attracted more interest in the blood cancer field, being overexpressed and showing an association with prognosis both in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Preclinical findings showed that selective CDC20 and APC/CCDC20/APC/CCDH1 inhibitors, namely Apcin and proTAME, are effective against lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis and synergizing with clinically-relevant drugs. The evidence and hypothesis presented in this review provide the input for further biological and chemical studies aiming to dissect novel potential CDC20 roles and targeting strategies in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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15
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Limas JC, Littlejohn AN, House AM, Kedziora KM, Mouery BL, Ma B, Fleifel D, Walens A, Aleman MM, Dominguez D, Cook JG. Quantitative profiling of adaptation to cyclin E overproduction. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/5/e202201378. [PMID: 35173014 PMCID: PMC8860095 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin E/CDK2 drives cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Despite the toxicity of cyclin E overproduction in mammalian cells, the cyclin E gene is overexpressed in some cancers. To further understand how cells can tolerate high cyclin E, we characterized non-transformed epithelial cells subjected to chronic cyclin E overproduction. Cells overproducing cyclin E, but not cyclins D or A, briefly experienced truncated G1 phases followed by a transient period of DNA replication origin underlicensing, replication stress, and impaired proliferation. Individual cells displayed substantial intercellular heterogeneity in cell cycle dynamics and CDK activity. Each phenotype improved rapidly despite high cyclin E-associated activity. Transcriptome analysis revealed adapted cells down-regulated a cohort of G1-regulated genes. Withdrawing cyclin E from adapted cells only partially reversed underlicensing indicating that adaptation is at least partly non-genetic. This study provides evidence that mammalian cyclin E/CDK inhibits origin licensing indirectly through premature S phase onset and provides mechanistic insight into the relationship between CDKs and licensing. It serves as an example of oncogene adaptation that may recapitulate molecular changes during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita C Limas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amiee N Littlejohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amy M House
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Kedziora
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Bioinformatics and Analytics Research Collaborative (BARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brandon L Mouery
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Boyang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dalia Fleifel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Walens
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria M Aleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Dominguez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Zhao Y, Peng H, Liang L, Li Y, Hu X, Wang B, Xu Y, Chen S. Polarity protein Par3 sensitizes breast cancer to paclitaxel by promoting cell cycle arrest. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 192:75-87. [PMID: 35079981 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel, belongs to tubulin-binding agents (TBAs), shows a great efficacy against breast cancer via stabilizing microtubules. Drug resistance limits its clinical application. Here we aimed to explore a role of Polarity protein Par3 in improving paclitaxel effectiveness. METHODS Breast cancer specimens from 45 patients were collected to study the relationship between Par3 expression and paclitaxel efficacy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Cell viability was measured in breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3 and T-47D) with Par3 over-expression or knockdown. The flow cytometry assays were performed to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle. BrdU incorporation assay and Hoechst 33,258 staining were performed to measure cell proliferation and cell apoptosis, respectively. Immunofluorescence was used to detect microtubule structures. RESULTS Par3 expression was associated with good response of paclitaxel in breast cancer patients. Consistently, Par3 over-expression significantly sensitized breast cancer cells to paclitaxel by promoting cell apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation. In Par3 overexpressing cells upon paclitaxel treatment, we observed intensified cell cycle arrests at metaphase. Further exploration showed that Par3 over-expression stabilized microtubules of breast cancer cells in response to paclitaxel and resists to microtubules instability induced by nocodazole, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent. CONCLUSION Par3 facilitates polymeric forms of tubulin and stabilizes microtubule structure, which aggravates paclitaxel-induced delay at the metaphase-anaphase transition, leading to proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Par3 has a potential role in sensitizing breast cancer cells to paclitaxel, which may provide a more precise assessment of individual treatment and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huitong Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Limiao Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - She Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Ferguson CJ, Urso O, Bodrug T, Gassaway BM, Watson ER, Prabu JR, Lara-Gonzalez P, Martinez-Chacin RC, Wu DY, Brigatti KW, Puffenberger EG, Taylor CM, Haas-Givler B, Jinks RN, Strauss KA, Desai A, Gabel HW, Gygi SP, Schulman BA, Brown NG, Bonni A. APC7 mediates ubiquitin signaling in constitutive heterochromatin in the developing mammalian brain. Mol Cell 2022; 82:90-105.e13. [PMID: 34942119 PMCID: PMC8741739 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders provide insights into mechanisms of human brain development. Here, we report an intellectual disability syndrome caused by the loss of APC7, a core component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex (APC). In mechanistic studies, we uncover a critical role for APC7 during the recruitment and ubiquitination of APC substrates. In proteomics analyses of the brain from mice harboring the patient-specific APC7 mutation, we identify the chromatin-associated protein Ki-67 as an APC7-dependent substrate of the APC in neurons. Conditional knockout of the APC coactivator protein Cdh1, but not Cdc20, leads to the accumulation of Ki-67 protein in neurons in vivo, suggesting that APC7 is required for the function of Cdh1-APC in the brain. Deregulated neuronal Ki-67 upon APC7 loss localizes predominantly to constitutive heterochromatin. Our findings define an essential function for APC7 and Cdh1-APC in neuronal heterochromatin regulation, with implications for understanding human brain development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole J Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Neuropathology Division, Physician-Scientist Training Program, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Olivia Urso
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Raquel C Martinez-Chacin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis Y Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | - Cora M Taylor
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Barbara Haas-Givler
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Robert N Jinks
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | | | - Arshad Desai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Harrison W Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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18
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Dumitru AMG, Compton DA. Identifying Cyclin A/Cdk1 Substrates in Mitosis in Human Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2415:175-182. [PMID: 34972954 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1904-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin A promotes Cdk activity in a cell cycle-dependent manner to facilitate specific cell cycle events and transitions with an established role for DNA replication in S phase. Recent evidence demonstrates that cyclin A also activates Cdk during early mitosis to promote faithful chromosome segregation by regulating the stability of kinetochore-microtubule (k-MT) attachments. Here we describe a methodology to identify protein substrates of cyclin A/Cdk during mitosis in human cells. The method combines selective cell cycle synchrony in mitosis with stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) coupled to mass spectrometry. This strategy identified a catalogue of potential cyclin A/Cdk substrates in mitosis, as well as unveiled potential intersections between signaling regulated by Aurora, Polo-like, and Cdk mitotic kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria G Dumitru
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Duane A Compton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells divide continuously and excessively. Cell division is tightly regulated by multiple evolutionarily conserved cell cycle control mechanisms, to ensure the production of two genetically identical cells. Cell cycle checkpoints operate as DNA surveillance mechanisms that prevent the accumulation and propagation of genetic errors during cell division. Checkpoints can delay cell cycle progression or, in response to irreparable DNA damage, induce cell cycle exit or cell death. Cancer-associated mutations that perturb cell cycle control allow continuous cell division chiefly by compromising the ability of cells to exit the cell cycle. Continuous rounds of division, however, create increased reliance on other cell cycle control mechanisms to prevent catastrophic levels of damage and maintain cell viability. New detailed insights into cell cycle control mechanisms and their role in cancer reveal how these dependencies can be best exploited in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Matthews
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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20
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Li Y, Xue S, He Q, Wang J, Zhu L, Zou J, Zhang J, Zuo C, Fan Z, Yue J, Zhang C, Yang K, Le J. Arabidopsis F-BOX STRESS INDUCED 4 is required to repress excessive divisions in stomatal development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:56-72. [PMID: 34817930 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During the terminal stage of stomatal development, the R2R3-MYB transcription factors FOUR LIPS (FLP/MYB124) and MYB88 limit guard mother cell division by repressing the transcript levels of multiple cell-cycle genes. In Arabidopsis thaliana possessing the weak allele flp-1, an extra guard mother cell division results in two stomata having direct contact. Here, we identified an ethylmethane sulfonate-mutagenized mutant, flp-1 xs01c, which exhibited more severe defects than flp-1 alone, producing giant tumor-like cell clusters. XS01C, encoding F-BOX STRESS-INDUCED 4 (FBS4), is preferentially expressed in epidermal stomatal precursor cells. Overexpressing FBS4 rescued the defective stomatal phenotypes of flp-1 xs01c and flp-1 mutants. The deletion or substitution of a conserved residue (Proline166) within the F-box domain of FBS4 abolished or reduced, respectively, its interaction with Arabidopsis Skp1-Like1 (ASK1), the core subunit of the Skp1/Cullin/F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Furthermore, the FBS4 protein physically interacted with CYCA2;3 and induced its degradation through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. Thus, in addition to the known transcriptional pathway, the terminal symmetric division in stomatal development is ensured at the post-translational level, such as through the ubiquitination of target proteins recognized by the stomatal lineage F-box protein FBS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- The Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Qixiumei He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Wenbo School, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoran Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junling Yue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kezhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Tsai TH, Lieu AS, Huang TY, Kwan AL, Lin CL, Hsu YC. Induction of Mitosis Delay and Apoptosis by CDDO-TFEA in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:756228. [PMID: 34858180 PMCID: PMC8630575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.756228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the vicious malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite advances multi-disciplinary treatment, GBM constinues to have a poor overall survival. CDDO-trifluoroethyl-amide (CDDO-TEFA), a trifluoroethylamidederivative of CDDO, is an Nrf2/ARE pathway activator. CDDO-TEFEA is used to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in glioma cells. However, it not clear what effect it may have on tumorigenesis in GBM. Methods: This in vitro study evaluated the effects of CDDO-TFEA on GBM cells. To do this, we treated GBM8401 cell lines with CDDO-TFEA and assessed apoptosis, cell cycle. DNA content and induction of apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and protein expression by Western blot analysis. Results: CDDO-TFEA significantly inhibited the cell viability and induced cell apoptosis on GBM 8401 cell line. The annexin-FITC/PI assay revealed significant changes in the percentage of apoptotic cells. Treatment with CDDO-TFEA led to a significant reduction in the GBM8401 cells’ mitochondrial membrane potential. A significant rise in the percentage of caspase-3 activity was detected in the treated cells. In addition, treatment with CDDO-TFEA led to an accumulation of G2/M-phase cells. In addition, these results suggest that regarding increased protein synthesis during mitosis in the MPM-2 staining, indicative of a delay in the G2 checkpoint. An analysis of Cyclin B1, CDK1, Cyclin B1/CDK1 complex and CHK1 and CHK2 expression suggested that cell cycle progression seems also to be regulated by CDDO-TFEA. Therefore, CDDO-TFEA may not only induce cell cycle G2/M arrest, it may also exert apoptosis in established GBM cells. Conclusion: CDDO-TFEA can inhibit proliferation, cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis in GBM cells in vitro, possibly though its inhibition of Cyclin B1, CDK1 expression, and Cyclin B1/CDK1 association and the promotion of CHK1 and CHK2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzuu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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22
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Gupta R, Jha A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Regulatory mechanism of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in post-mitotic neuronal cell division. Life Sci 2021; 285:120006. [PMID: 34606852 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are the most common life-threatening disease of the central nervous system and it cause the progressive loss of neuronal cells. The exact mechanism of the disease's progression is not clear and thus line of treatment for NDDs is a baffling issue. During the progression of NDDs, oxidative stress and DNA damage play an important regulatory function, and ultimately induces neurodegeneration. Recently, aberrant cell cycle events have been demonstrated in the progression of different NDDs. However, the pertinent role of signaling mechanism, for instance, post-translational modifications, oxidative stress, DNA damage response pathway, JNK/p38 MAPK, MEK/ERK cascade, actively participated in the aberrant cell cycle reentry induced neuronal cell death. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that aberrant cell cycle re-entry is a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of NDDs rather than a secondary phenomenon. In the brain of AD patients with mild cognitive impairment, post miotic cell division can be seen in the early stage of the disease. However, in the brain of PD patients, response to various neurotoxic signals, the cell cycle re-entry has been observed that causes neuronal apoptosis. On contrary, the contributing factors that leads to the induction of cell cycle events in mature neurons in HD and ALS brain pathology is remain unclear. Various pharmacological drugs have been developed to reduce the pathogenesis of NDDs, but they are still not helpful in eliminating the cause of these NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Ankita Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India.
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23
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Zhou C, Zhang X, Miao Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xiong B. The cohesin stabilizer Sororin drives G 2-M transition and spindle assembly in mammalian oocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg9335. [PMID: 34559563 PMCID: PMC8462903 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
During the S phase of mitosis, Sororin is recruited by acetylated Smc3 and stabilizes sister chromatid cohesion by counteracting the Wapl-Pds5 interaction. Thereafter, Sororin is phosphorylated during prophase and translocated to the cytoplasm, where its function remains poorly understood. Here, we report that Sororin acts as a regulator of meiotic G2-M transition and spindle assembly in mammalian oocytes. Sororin is present in the nucleus of GV oocytes and becomes associated with the spindle apparatus during meiosis I in mice. Depletion of Sororin causes failure of GVBD due to inactivation of Cdk1 and defective spindle assembly because of reduced levels of Cyclin B2. We validate Sororin interactions with Cyclin B2 that protects it from destruction by APCCdh1, which drives M phase entry and bipolar spindle formation. Notably, the meiotic functions of Sororin are conserved among mammals. Together, our findings provide novel insights into the noncanonical role of Sororin in the resumption of meiosis and progression through meiosis I in mammalian oocytes.
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24
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Du Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Li Z, Hu M, Tian Y, Lv L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang P, Zhou Y. CDC20 promotes bone formation via APC/C dependent ubiquitination and degradation of p65. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52576. [PMID: 34382737 PMCID: PMC8419691 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CDC20‐activated anaphase‐promoting complex/Cyclosome (APC/CCDC20) plays a critical role in governing mitotic progression by targeting key cell cycle regulators for degradation. Cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (CDC20), the co‐activator of APC/C, is required for full ubiquitin ligase activity. In addition to its well‐known cell cycle‐related functions, we demonstrate that CDC20 plays an essential role in osteogenic commitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BMSCs). Cdc20 conditional knockout mice exhibit decreased bone formation and impaired bone regeneration after injury. Mechanistically, we discovered a functional interaction between the WD40 domain of CDC20 and the DNA‐binding domain of p65. Moreover, CDC20 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of p65 in an APC11‐dependent manner. More importantly, knockdown of p65 rescues the bone loss in Cdc20 conditional knockout mice. Our current work reveals a cell cycle‐independent function of CDC20, establishes APC11CDC20 as a pivotal regulator for bone formation by governing the ubiquitination and degradation of p65, and may pave the way for treatment of bone‐related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangge Du
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Menglong Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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25
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The Involvement of Ubiquitination Machinery in Cell Cycle Regulation and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115754. [PMID: 34072267 PMCID: PMC8198665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is a collection of events by which cellular components such as genetic materials and cytoplasmic components are accurately divided into two daughter cells. The cell cycle transition is primarily driven by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which activities are regulated by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of key regulators such as cyclins, CDK inhibitors (CKIs), other kinases and phosphatases. Thus, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression via recognition, interaction, and ubiquitination or deubiquitination of key proteins. The illegitimate degradation of tumor suppressor or abnormally high accumulation of oncoproteins often results in deregulation of cell proliferation, genomic instability, and cancer occurrence. In this review, we demonstrate the diversity and complexity of the regulation of UPS machinery of the cell cycle. A profound understanding of the ubiquitination machinery will provide new insights into the regulation of the cell cycle transition, cancer treatment, and the development of anti-cancer drugs.
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26
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Meng Z, Wu J, Liu X, Zhou W, Ni M, Liu S, Guo S, Jia S, Zhang J. Identification of potential hub genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via integrated bioinformatics analysis. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520910019. [PMID: 32722976 PMCID: PMC7391448 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520910019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective was to identify potential hub genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Gene expression profile datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and normal samples were identified via an integrated analysis. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed and analyzed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, and enrichment analyses were carried out through DAVID. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Kaplan–Meier plotter were used to determine expression and prognostic values of hub genes. Results We identified 11 hub genes (CDK1, CCNB2, CDC20, CCNB1, TOP2A, CCNA2, MELK, PBK, TPX2, KIF20A, and AURKA) that might be closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of HCC. Enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolism-associated pathways, and hub genes and module 1 were highly associated with cell cycle pathway. Conclusions In this study, we identified key genes of HCC, which indicated directions for further research into diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that could facilitate targeted molecular therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Meng
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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27
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Yatskevich S, Kroonen JS, Alfieri C, Tischer T, Howes AC, Clijsters L, Yang J, Zhang Z, Yan K, Vertegaal ACO, Barford D. Molecular mechanisms of APC/C release from spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition by APC/C SUMOylation. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108929. [PMID: 33789095 PMCID: PMC8028313 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle transitions. Its regulation by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is coordinated with the attachment of sister chromatids to the mitotic spindle. APC/C SUMOylation on APC4 ensures timely anaphase onset and chromosome segregation. To understand the structural and functional consequences of APC/C SUMOylation, we reconstituted SUMOylated APC/C for electron cryo-microscopy and biochemical analyses. SUMOylation of the APC/C causes a substantial rearrangement of the WHB domain of APC/C's cullin subunit (APC2WHB). Although APC/CCdc20 SUMOylation results in a modest impact on normal APC/CCdc20 activity, repositioning APC2WHB reduces the affinity of APC/CCdc20 for the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), the effector of the SAC. This attenuates MCC-mediated suppression of APC/CCdc20 activity, allowing for more efficient ubiquitination of APC/CCdc20 substrates in the presence of the MCC. Thus, SUMOylation stimulates the reactivation of APC/CCdc20 when the SAC is silenced, contributing to timely anaphase onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislau Yatskevich
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jessie S Kroonen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Claudio Alfieri
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Thomas Tischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Anna C Howes
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Linda Clijsters
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Yang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ziguo Zhang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Kaige Yan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David Barford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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28
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Multiple, short protein binding motifs in ORC1 and CDC6 control the initiation of DNA replication. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1951-1969.e6. [PMID: 33761311 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of DNA replication involves cell cycle-dependent assembly and disassembly of protein complexes, including the origin recognition complex (ORC) and CDC6 AAA+ ATPases. We report that multiple short linear protein motifs (SLiMs) within intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in ORC1 and CDC6 mediate cyclin-CDK-dependent and independent protein-protein interactions, conditional on the cell cycle phase. A domain within the ORC1 IDR is required for interaction between the ORC1 and CDC6 AAA+ domains in G1, whereas the same domain prevents CDC6-ORC1 interaction during mitosis. Then, during late G1, this domain facilitates ORC1 destruction by a SKP2-cyclin A-CDK2-dependent mechanism. During G1, the CDC6 Cy motif cooperates with cyclin E-CDK2 to promote ORC1-CDC6 interactions. The CDC6 IDR regulates self-interaction by ORC1, thereby controlling ORC1 protein levels. Protein phosphatase 1 binds directly to a SLiM in the ORC1 IDR, causing ORC1 de-phosphorylation upon mitotic exit, increasing ORC1 protein, and promoting pre-RC assembly.
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29
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Niwa T, Akaike Y, Watanabe K, Chibazakura T. Hyperactivation of cyclin A-CDK induces centrosome overduplication and chromosome tetraploidization in mouse cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:91-97. [PMID: 33667714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cyclin A-CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) activity during mitotic exit is regulated by two redundant pathways, cyclin degradation and CDK inhibitors (CKIs). Ectopic expression of a destruction box-truncated (thereby stabilized) mutant of cyclin A in the mouse embryonic fibroblasts nullizygous for three CKIs (p21, p27, and p107) results in constitutive activation ("hyperactivation") of cyclin A-CDK and induces rapid tetraploidization, suggesting loss of the two redundant pathways causes genomic instability. To elucidate the mechanism underlying teraploidization by hyperactive cyclin A-CDK, we first examined if the induction of tetraploidization depends on specific cell cycle stage(s). Arresting the cell cycle at either S phase or M phase blocked the induction of tetraploidization, which was restored by subsequent release from the arrest. These results suggest that both S- and M-phase progressions are necessary for the tetraploidization by hyperactive cyclin A-CDK and that the tetraploidization is not caused by chromosome endoreduplication but by mitotic failure. We also observed that the induction of tetraploidization is associated with excessive duplication of centrosomes, which was suppressed by S-phase but not M-phase block, suggesting that hyperactive cyclin A-CDK promotes centrosome overduplication during S phase. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that hyperactive cyclin A-CDK can lead cells to bypass cell division and enter pseudo-G1 state. These observations implicate that hyperactive cyclin A-CDK causes centrosome overduplication, which leads to mitotic slippage and subsequent tetraploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Niwa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yasunori Akaike
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kaichi Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Taku Chibazakura
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
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30
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USP17-mediated de-ubiquitination and cancer: Clients cluster around the cell cycle. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 130:105886. [PMID: 33227393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells perform a range of complex processes, some essential for life, others specific to cell type, all of which are governed by post-translational modifications of proteins. Among the repertoire of dynamic protein modifications, ubiquitination is arguably the most arcane and profound due to its complexity. Ubiquitin conjugation consists of three main steps, the last of which involves a multitude of target-specific ubiquitin ligases that conjugate a range of ubiquitination patterns to protein substrates with diverse outcomes. In contrast, ubiquitin removal is catalysed by a relatively small number of de-ubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which can also display target specificity and impact decisively on cell function. Here we review the current knowledge of the intriguing ubiquitin-specific protease 17 (USP17) family of DUBs, which are expressed from a highly copy number variable gene that has been implicated in multiple cancers, although available evidence points to conflicting roles in cell proliferation and survival. We show that key USP17 substrates populate two pathways that drive cell cycle progression and that USP17 activity serves to promote one pathway but inhibit the other. We propose that this arrangement enables USP17 to stimulate or inhibit proliferation depending on the mitogenic pathway that predominates in any given cell and may partially explain evidence pointing to both oncogenic and tumour suppressor properties of USP17.
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31
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Dang F, Nie L, Wei W. Ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle control and tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:427-438. [PMID: 33130827 PMCID: PMC7862229 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is a tightly regulated process by which DNA replicates and cell reproduces. The major driving force underlying cell cycle progression is the sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which is achieved in part by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of their cyclin partners and kinase inhibitors (CKIs). In eukaryotic cells, two families of E3 ubiquitin ligases, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein complex, are responsible for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of many of these CDK regulators, ensuring cell cycle progresses in a timely and precisely regulated manner. In the past couple of decades, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that the dysregulated cell cycle transition caused by inefficient proteolytic control leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and finally results in tumorigenesis. Based upon this notion, targeting the E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle regulation is expected to provide novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Thus, a better understanding of the diversity and complexity of ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle regulation will shed new light on the precise control of the cell cycle progression and guide anticancer drug development. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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32
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Holder J, Mohammed S, Barr FA. Ordered dephosphorylation initiated by the selective proteolysis of cyclin B drives mitotic exit. eLife 2020; 9:e59885. [PMID: 32869743 PMCID: PMC7529458 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
APC/C-mediated proteolysis of cyclin B and securin promotes anaphase entry, inactivating CDK1 and permitting chromosome segregation, respectively. Reduction of CDK1 activity relieves inhibition of the CDK1-counteracting phosphatases PP1 and PP2A-B55, allowing wide-spread dephosphorylation of substrates. Meanwhile, continued APC/C activity promotes proteolysis of other mitotic regulators. Together, these activities orchestrate a complex series of events during mitotic exit. However, the relative importance of regulated proteolysis and dephosphorylation in dictating the order and timing of these events remains unclear. Using high temporal-resolution proteomics, we compare the relative extent of proteolysis and protein dephosphorylation. This reveals highly-selective rapid proteolysis of cyclin B, securin and geminin at the metaphase-anaphase transition, followed by slow proteolysis of other substrates. Dephosphorylation requires APC/C-dependent destruction of cyclin B and was resolved into PP1-dependent categories with unique sequence motifs. We conclude that dephosphorylation initiated by selective proteolysis of cyclin B drives the bulk of changes observed during mitotic exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Holder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Francis A Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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33
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Zhou Y, Pozo PN, Oh S, Stone HM, Cook JG. Distinct and sequential re-replication barriers ensure precise genome duplication. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008988. [PMID: 32841231 PMCID: PMC7473519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving complete and precise genome duplication requires that each genomic segment be replicated only once per cell division cycle. Protecting large eukaryotic genomes from re-replication requires an overlapping set of molecular mechanisms that prevent the first DNA replication step, the DNA loading of MCM helicase complexes to license replication origins, after S phase begins. Previous reports have defined many such origin licensing inhibition mechanisms, but the temporal relationships among them are not clear, particularly with respect to preventing re-replication in G2 and M phases. Using a combination of mutagenesis, biochemistry, and single cell analyses in human cells, we define a new mechanism that prevents re-replication through hyperphosphorylation of the essential MCM loading protein, Cdt1. We demonstrate that Cyclin A/CDK1 can hyperphosphorylate Cdt1 to inhibit MCM re-loading in G2 phase. The mechanism of inhibition is to block Cdt1 binding to MCM independently of other known Cdt1 inactivation mechanisms such as Cdt1 degradation during S phase or Geminin binding. Moreover, our findings suggest that Cdt1 dephosphorylation at the mitosis-to-G1 phase transition re-activates Cdt1. We propose that multiple distinct, non-redundant licensing inhibition mechanisms act in a series of sequential relays through each cell cycle phase to ensure precise genome duplication. The initial step of DNA replication is loading the DNA helicase, MCM, onto DNA during the first phase of the cell division cycle. If MCM loading occurs inappropriately onto DNA that has already been replicated, then cells risk DNA re-replication, a source of endogenous DNA damage and genome instability. How mammalian cells prevent any sections of their very large genomes from re-replicating is still not fully understood. We found that the Cdt1 protein, one of the critical MCM loading factors, is inhibited specifically in late cell cycle stages through a mechanism involving protein phosphorylation. This phosphorylation prevents Cdt1 from binding MCM; when Cdt1 cannot be phosphorylated MCM is inappropriately re-loaded onto DNA and cells are prone to re-replication. When cells divide and transition into G1 phase, Cdt1 is then dephosphorylated to re-activate it for MCM loading. Based on these findings we assert that the different mechanisms that cooperate to avoid re-replication are not redundant. Instead, different cell cycle phases are dominated by different re-replication control mechanisms. These findings have implications for understanding how genomes are duplicated precisely once per cell cycle and shed light on how that process is perturbed by changes in Cdt1 levels or phosphorylation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United State of America
| | - Pedro N. Pozo
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United State of America
| | - Seeun Oh
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute and the Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United State of America
| | - Haley M. Stone
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United State of America
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United State of America
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United State of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United State of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Pennycook BR, Barr AR. Restriction point regulation at the crossroads between quiescence and cell proliferation. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2046-2060. [PMID: 32564372 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
The coordination of cell proliferation with reversible cell cycle exit into quiescence is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms and for tissue homeostasis in the adult. The decision between quiescence and proliferation occurs at the restriction point, which is widely thought to be located in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, when cells integrate accumulated extracellular and intracellular signals to drive this binary cellular decision. On the molecular level, decision-making is exerted through the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (Rb) transcriptional repressor to regulate the expression of cell cycle genes. Recently, the classical view of restriction point regulation has been challenged. Here, we review the latest findings on the activation of CDKs, Rb phosphorylation and the nature and position of the restriction point within the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betheney R Pennycook
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexis R Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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35
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Hégarat N, Crncec A, Suarez Peredo Rodriguez MF, Echegaray Iturra F, Gu Y, Busby O, Lang PF, Barr AR, Bakal C, Kanemaki MT, Lamond AI, Novak B, Ly T, Hochegger H. Cyclin A triggers Mitosis either via the Greatwall kinase pathway or Cyclin B. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104419. [PMID: 32350921 PMCID: PMC7265243 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two mitotic cyclin types, cyclin A and B, exist in higher eukaryotes, but their specialised functions in mitosis are incompletely understood. Using degron tags for rapid inducible protein removal, we analyse how acute depletion of these proteins affects mitosis. Loss of cyclin A in G2-phase prevents mitotic entry. Cells lacking cyclin B can enter mitosis and phosphorylate most mitotic proteins, because of parallel PP2A:B55 phosphatase inactivation by Greatwall kinase. The final barrier to mitotic establishment corresponds to nuclear envelope breakdown, which requires a decisive shift in the balance of cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 and PP2A:B55 activity. Beyond this point, cyclin B/Cdk1 is essential for phosphorylation of a distinct subset of mitotic Cdk1 substrates that are essential to complete cell division. Our results identify how cyclin A, cyclin B and Greatwall kinase coordinate mitotic progression by increasing levels of Cdk1-dependent substrate phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hégarat
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Adrijana Crncec
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | | | | | - Yan Gu
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Oliver Busby
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Paul F Lang
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alexis R Barr
- MRC London Institute of Medical ScienceImperial CollegeLondonUK
- Institute of Clinical SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Chris Bakal
- Institute for Cancer ResearchChester Beatty LaboratoriesLondonUK
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- National Institute of GeneticsResearch Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS)MishimaJapan
- Department of GeneticsSOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies)MishimaJapan
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and ExpressionSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Bela Novak
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tony Ly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
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36
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Jackman M, Marcozzi C, Barbiero M, Pardo M, Yu L, Tyson AL, Choudhary JS, Pines J. Cyclin B1-Cdk1 facilitates MAD1 release from the nuclear pore to ensure a robust spindle checkpoint. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201907082. [PMID: 32236513 PMCID: PMC7265330 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How the cell rapidly and completely reorganizes its architecture when it divides is a problem that has fascinated researchers for almost 150 yr. We now know that the core regulatory machinery is highly conserved in eukaryotes, but how these multiple protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and ubiquitin ligases are coordinated in space and time to remodel the cell in a matter of minutes remains a major question. Cyclin B1-Cdk is the primary kinase that drives mitotic remodeling; here we show that it is targeted to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) by binding an acidic face of the kinetochore checkpoint protein, MAD1, where it coordinates NPC disassembly with kinetochore assembly. Localized cyclin B1-Cdk1 is needed for the proper release of MAD1 from the embrace of TPR at the nuclear pore so that it can be recruited to kinetochores before nuclear envelope breakdown to maintain genomic stability.
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37
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Farshadi E, van der Horst GT, Chaves I. Molecular Links between the Circadian Clock and the Cell Cycle. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3515-3524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Martínez-Alonso D, Malumbres M. Mammalian cell cycle cyclins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:28-35. [PMID: 32334991 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Proper progression throughout the cell division cycle depends on the expression level of a family of proteins known as cyclins, and the subsequent activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Among the numerous members of the mammalian cyclin family, only a few of them, cyclins A, B, C, D and E, are known to display critical roles in the cell cycle. These functions will be reviewed here with a special focus on their relevance in different cell types in vivo and their implications in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martínez-Alonso
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) Madrid, Spain.
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39
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Presta I, Novellino F, Donato A, La Torre D, Palleria C, Russo E, Malara N, Donato G. UbcH10 a Major Actor in Cancerogenesis and a Potential Tool for Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2041. [PMID: 32192022 PMCID: PMC7139792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation is a multistep process in which several molecular entities become dysregulated and result in dysfunction in the regulation of cell proliferation. In past years, scientists have gradually dissected the pathways involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. The mitotic ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH10, has been extensively studied since its cloning and characterization and it has been identified as a constantly overexpressed factor in many types of cancer. In this paper, we have reviewed the literature about UbcH10 in human cancer, pointing out the association between its overexpression and exacerbation of cancer phenotype. Moreover, many recalled studied demonstrated how immunohistochemistry or RT-PCR analysis can distinguish normal tissues and benign lesions from malignant neoplasms. In other experimental studies, many of the consequences of UbcH10 overexpression, such as increased proliferation, metastasizing, cancer progression and resistance to anticancer drugs are reversed through gene silencing techniques. In recent years, many authors have defined UbcH10 evaluation in cancer patients as a useful tool for diagnosis and therapy. This opinion is shared by the authors who advertise how it would be useful to start using in clinical practice the notions acquired about this important moleculein the carcinogenesis of many human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Presta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.R.); (G.D.)
| | - Fabiana Novellino
- Neuroimaging Unit, Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR) Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Annalidia Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.D.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Domenico La Torre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.D.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Caterina Palleria
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.R.); (G.D.)
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.R.); (G.D.)
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.R.); (G.D.)
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40
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Paradoxical mitotic exit induced by a small molecule inhibitor of APC/C Cdc20. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:546-555. [PMID: 32152539 PMCID: PMC7289404 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that initiates anaphase and mitotic exit. APC/C is activated by Cdc20 and inhibited by the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which delays mitotic exit when the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is activated. We previously identified apcin as a small molecule ligand of Cdc20 that inhibits APC/CCdc20 and prolongs mitosis. Here we find that apcin paradoxically shortens mitosis when SAC activity is high. These opposing effects of apcin arise from targeting of a common binding site in Cdc20 required for both substrate ubiquitination and MCC-dependent APC/C inhibition. Furthermore, we found that apcin cooperates with p31comet to relieve MCC-dependent inhibition of APC/C. Apcin therefore causes either net APC/C inhibition, prolonging mitosis when SAC activity is low, or net APC/C activation, shortening mitosis when SAC activity is high, demonstrating that a small molecule can produce opposing biological effects depending on regulatory context.
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41
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Akaike Y, Chibazakura T. Aberrant activation of cyclin A-CDK induces G2/M-phase checkpoint in human cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 19:84-96. [PMID: 31760882 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1693119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A-cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) activity is regulated by cyclin A proteolysis and CDK inhibitors (CKIs) during M and G1 phases. Our previous work has shown that constitutive activation of cyclin A-CDK in mouse somatic cells, by ectopic expression of stabilized human cyclin A2 (lacking the destruction box: CycAΔ80) in triple CKI (p21, p27, and p107)-knocked-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts, induces rapid tetraploidization. However, effects of such cyclin A-CDK hyperactivation in human cells have been unknown. Here, we show hyperactivity of cyclin A-CDK induces G2/M-phase arrest in human cell lines with relatively low expression of p21 and p27. Moreover, adenovirus E1A protein promoted CycAΔ80-derived G2/M-phase arrest by increasing the amount of cyclin A and cyclin A-CDK2 complex. This response was suppressed by an addition of ATR or Chk1 inhibitor. The amount of repressive phosphorylation of CDK1 at tyrosine 15 (Y15) was decreased by Chk1 inhibitor treatment. Moreover, we observed that co-expressing CDK1AF mutant, which is resistant to the repressive phosphorylation at threonine 14 and Y15, or cdc25A, which dephosphorylates CDK1 at Y15, suppressed the G2/M-phase arrest by CycAΔ80 with E1A. These results suggest that G2/M-phase arrest in human cells by hyperactivity of cyclin A-CDK2 is caused by repression of CDK1 via the cell cycle checkpoint ATR-Chk1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Akaike
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Chibazakura
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Crncec A, Hochegger H. Triggering mitosis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2868-2888. [PMID: 31602636 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Entry into mitosis is triggered by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). This simple reaction rapidly and irreversibly sets the cell up for division. Even though the core step in triggering mitosis is so simple, the regulation of this cellular switch is highly complex, involving a large number of interconnected signalling cascades. We do have a detailed knowledge of most of the components of this network, but only a poor understanding of how they work together to create a precise and robust system that ensures that mitosis is triggered at the right time and in an orderly fashion. In this review, we will give an overview of the literature that describes the Cdk1 activation network and then address questions relating to the systems biology of this switch. How is the timing of the trigger controlled? How is mitosis insulated from interphase? What determines the sequence of events, following the initial trigger of Cdk1 activation? Which elements ensure robustness in the timing and execution of the switch? How has this system been adapted to the high levels of replication stress in cancer cells?
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrijana Crncec
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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43
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Holder J, Poser E, Barr FA. Getting out of mitosis: spatial and temporal control of mitotic exit and cytokinesis by PP1 and PP2A. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2908-2924. [PMID: 31494926 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, we will review the evidence showing that mitotic exit is initiated by regulated proteolysis and then driven by the PPP family of phosphoserine/threonine phosphatases. Rapid APC/CCDC20 and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of cyclin B and securin initiates sister chromatid separation, the first step of mitotic exit. Because proteolysis of Aurora and Polo family kinases dependent on APC/CCDH1 is relatively slow, this creates a new regulatory state, anaphase, different to G2 and M-phase. We will discuss how the CDK1-counteracting phosphatases PP1 and PP2A-B55, together with Aurora and Polo kinases, contribute to the temporal regulation and order of events in the different stages of mitotic exit from anaphase to cytokinesis. For PP2A-B55, these timing properties are created by the ENSA-dependent inhibitory pathway and differential recognition of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. Finally, we will discuss how Aurora B and PP2A-B56 are needed for the spatial regulation of anaphase spindle formation and how APC/C-dependent destruction of PLK1 acts as a timer for abscission, the final event of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Holder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Poser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
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44
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Zhang S, Tischer T, Barford D. Cyclin A2 degradation during the spindle assembly checkpoint requires multiple binding modes to the APC/C. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3863. [PMID: 31455778 PMCID: PMC6712056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates cell cycle progression by controlling the temporal degradation of specific cell cycle regulators. Although cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 are both targeted for degradation by the APC/C, during the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) represses APC/C's activity towards cyclin B1, but not cyclin A2. Through structural, biochemical and in vivo analysis, we identify a non-canonical D box (D2) that is critical for cyclin A2 ubiquitination in vitro and degradation in vivo. During the SAC, cyclin A2 is ubiquitinated by the repressed APC/C-MCC, mediated by the cooperative engagement of its KEN and D2 boxes, ABBA motif, and the cofactor Cks. Once the SAC is satisfied, cyclin A2 binds APC/C-Cdc20 through two mutually exclusive binding modes, resulting in differential ubiquitination efficiency. Our findings reveal that a single substrate can engage an E3 ligase through multiple binding modes, affecting its degradation timing and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Zhang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Thomas Tischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - David Barford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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45
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CDC20 and its downstream genes: potential prognosis factors of osteosarcoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:1479-1489. [PMID: 31278532 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the microarray data GSE42352 to identify genes that can be used as prognosis factors in osteosarcoma. METHODS Gene Ontology (GO) biological process analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of Cytoscape ClueGo were used in verifying the function of different genes. Realtime-PCR were used to confirm the microarray results. 83 patient samples were collected and underwent Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate analysis to predict the prospect of genes using as prognosis factors. RESULTS After analyzing the microarray data GSE42352, mitosis metaphase to anaphase-related genes CDC20, securin, cyclin A2 and cyclin B2 were found to be overexpressed in osteosarcoma cell lines. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that overexpression of these genes can predict poor prognosis outcomes in osteosarcoma patients. Furthermore, any combination of the four genes seems to be more effective in predicting osteosarcoma outcomes than any of these genes alone. CONCLUSIONS CDC20 and its downstream substracts securin, cyclin A2 and cyclin B2 are good factors that can predict prognosis outcomes in osteosarcoma. Any two combination of these four genes are more effective to be used as osteosarcoma prognosis factors.
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46
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Alfonso-Pérez T, Hayward D, Holder J, Gruneberg U, Barr FA. MAD1-dependent recruitment of CDK1-CCNB1 to kinetochores promotes spindle checkpoint signaling. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1108-1117. [PMID: 30674583 PMCID: PMC6446853 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin B-dependent kinase (CDK1-CCNB1) promotes entry into mitosis. Additionally, it inhibits mitotic exit by activating the spindle checkpoint. This latter role is mediated through phosphorylation of the checkpoint kinase MPS1 and other spindle checkpoint proteins. We find that CDK1-CCNB1 localizes to unattached kinetochores and like MPS1 is lost from these structures upon microtubule attachment. This suggests that CDK1-CCNB1 is an integral component and not only an upstream regulator of the spindle checkpoint pathway. Complementary proteomic and cell biological analysis demonstrate that the spindle checkpoint protein MAD1 is one of the major components of CCNB1 complexes, and that CCNB1 is recruited to unattached kinetochores in an MPS1-dependent fashion through interaction with the first 100 amino acids of MAD1. This MPS1 and MAD1-dependent pool of CDK1-CCNB1 creates a positive feedback loop necessary for timely recruitment of MPS1 to kinetochores during mitotic entry and for sustained spindle checkpoint arrest. CDK1-CCNB1 is therefore an integral component of the spindle checkpoint, ensuring the fidelity of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hayward
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Holder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ulrike Gruneberg
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis A Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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47
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Hu B, Deng T, Ma H, Liu Y, Feng P, Wei D, Ling N, Li L, Qiu S, Zhang L, Peng B, Liu J, Ye M. Deubiquitinase DUB3 Regulates Cell Cycle Progression via Stabilizing Cyclin A for Proliferation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040297. [PMID: 30935108 PMCID: PMC6523561 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitinase DUB3 is frequently overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and contributes to its malignant phenotype. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of DUB3 in NSCLC is largely unknown. In this study, we report that DUB3 regulates cell cycle progression by deubiquitinating cyclin A that links to proliferation of NSCLC cells. We found that knockdown of DUB3 decreases cyclin A levels, whereas overexpression of DUB3 strongly increases cyclin A levels. Mechanistically, DUB3 interacts with cyclin A, which removes the polyubiquitin chains conjugated onto cyclin A and stabilizes the cyclin A protein. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DUB3 regulates cell cycle progression by stabilizing cyclin A, because ablation of DUB3 arrests cell cycle from G0/G1 to S phase and the resulting effect can be rescued by introducing cyclin A into NSCLC cells. Functionally, we found that the effect of DUB3 on cyclin A mediates proliferation of NSCLC cells. Moreover, a significant correlation between DUB3 abundance and cyclin A expression levels were also found in NSCLC samples. Taken together, these results reveal that DUB3 functions as a novel cyclin A regulator through maintaining cyclin A stability, and that the DUB3-cyclin A signaling axis plays a critical role in cell cycle progression for proliferation of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Tanggang Deng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Hongchang Ma
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Peifu Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Dong Wei
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Neng Ling
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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48
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Sizek H, Hamel A, Deritei D, Campbell S, Ravasz Regan E. Boolean model of growth signaling, cell cycle and apoptosis predicts the molecular mechanism of aberrant cell cycle progression driven by hyperactive PI3K. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006402. [PMID: 30875364 PMCID: PMC6436762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a role in most cellular functions linked to cancer progression, including cell growth, proliferation, cell survival, tissue invasion and angiogenesis. It is generally recognized that hyperactive PI3K/AKT1 are oncogenic due to their boost to cell survival, cell cycle entry and growth-promoting metabolism. That said, the dynamics of PI3K and AKT1 during cell cycle progression are highly nonlinear. In addition to negative feedback that curtails their activity, protein expression of PI3K subunits has been shown to oscillate in dividing cells. The low-PI3K/low-AKT1 phase of these oscillations is required for cytokinesis, indicating that oncogenic PI3K may directly contribute to genome duplication. To explore this, we construct a Boolean model of growth factor signaling that can reproduce PI3K oscillations and link them to cell cycle progression and apoptosis. The resulting modular model reproduces hyperactive PI3K-driven cytokinesis failure and genome duplication and predicts the molecular drivers responsible for these failures by linking hyperactive PI3K to mis-regulation of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) expression late in G2. To do this, our model captures the role of Plk1 in cell cycle progression and accurately reproduces multiple effects of its loss: G2 arrest, mitotic catastrophe, chromosome mis-segregation / aneuploidy due to premature anaphase, and cytokinesis failure leading to genome duplication, depending on the timing of Plk1 inhibition along the cell cycle. Finally, we offer testable predictions on the molecular drivers of PI3K oscillations, the timing of these oscillations with respect to division, and the role of altered Plk1 and FoxO activity in genome-level defects caused by hyperactive PI3K. Our model is an important starting point for the predictive modeling of cell fate decisions that include AKT1-driven senescence, as well as the non-intuitive effects of drugs that interfere with mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Sizek
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hamel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Dávid Deritei
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States of America
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sarah Campbell
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Erzsébet Ravasz Regan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States of America
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49
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Chu Z, Zhang X, Li Q, Hu G, Lian CG, Geng S. CDC20 contributes to the development of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma through the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1534-1544. [PMID: 30816486 PMCID: PMC6438437 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 (CDC20) is a regulatory molecule and serves critical roles at multiple points of the cell cycle. Recent evidence indicates that CDC20 may serve an oncogenic role in a number of human cancer types. However, the role of CDC20 in primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has not been studied, to the best of our knowledge. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether and how CDC20 is involved in the tumorigenesis of cSCC. The results revealed that CDC20 expression was significantly increased in cSCC tissues and cell lines, and its expression was associated with pathological differentiation. Downregulation of CDC20 inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis and reduced migratory ability through inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, all-trans-retinoic acid treatment significantly downregulated CDC20 expression in cSCC. The present results revealed that CDC20 may serve a crucial role in human cSCC, and suggested that CDC20 may be a novel biomarker for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Chu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Qingyan Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Guanglei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Christine Guo Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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50
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Werwein E, Cibis H, Hess D, Klempnauer KH. Activation of the oncogenic transcription factor B-Myb via multisite phosphorylation and prolyl cis/trans isomerization. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:103-121. [PMID: 30321399 PMCID: PMC6326806 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor B-Myb is an essential regulator of late cell cycle genes whose activation by phosphorylation is still poorly understood. We describe a stepwise phosphorylation mechanism of B-Myb, which involves sequential phosphorylations mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) and Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and Pin1-facilitated peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerization. Our data suggest a model in which initial Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of B-Myb enables subsequent Pin1 binding and Pin1-induced conformational changes of B-Myb. This, in turn, initiates further phosphorylation of Cdk-phosphosites, enabling Plk1 docking and subsequent Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of B-Myb to finally allow B-Myb to stimulate transcription of late cell cycle genes. Our observations reveal novel mechanistic hierarchies of B-Myb phosphorylation and activation and uncover regulatory principles that might also apply to other Myb family members. Strikingly, overexpression of B-Myb and of factors mediating its activation strongly correlates with adverse prognoses for tumor patients, emphasizing B-Myb's role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Werwein
- Institute for Biochemistry Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Cibis
- Institute for Biochemistry Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Hess
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstr. 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Klempnauer
- Institute for Biochemistry Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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