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Bulthuis EP, Dieteren CEJ, Bergmans J, Berkhout J, Wagenaars JA, van de Westerlo EMA, Podhumljak E, Hink MA, Hesp LFB, Rosa HS, Malik AN, Lindert MKT, Willems PHGM, Gardeniers HJGE, den Otter WK, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Koopman WJH. Stress-dependent macromolecular crowding in the mitochondrial matrix. EMBO J 2023; 42:e108533. [PMID: 36825437 PMCID: PMC10068333 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecules of various sizes induce crowding of the cellular environment. This crowding impacts on biochemical reactions by increasing solvent viscosity, decreasing the water-accessible volume and altering protein shape, function, and interactions. Although mitochondria represent highly protein-rich organelles, most of these proteins are somehow immobilized. Therefore, whether the mitochondrial matrix solvent exhibits macromolecular crowding is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that fluorescent protein fusion peptides (AcGFP1 concatemers) in the mitochondrial matrix of HeLa cells display an elongated molecular structure and that their diffusion constant decreases with increasing molecular weight in a manner typical of macromolecular crowding. Chloramphenicol (CAP) treatment impaired mitochondrial function and reduced the number of cristae without triggering mitochondrial orthodox-to-condensed transition or a mitochondrial unfolded protein response. CAP-treated cells displayed progressive concatemer immobilization with increasing molecular weight and an eightfold matrix viscosity increase, compatible with increased macromolecular crowding. These results establish that the matrix solvent exhibits macromolecular crowding in functional and dysfunctional mitochondria. Therefore, changes in matrix crowding likely affect matrix biochemical reactions in a manner depending on the molecular weight of the involved crowders and reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianne P Bulthuis
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy E J Dieteren
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy Center, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Bergmans
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Job Berkhout
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jori A Wagenaars
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Els M A van de Westerlo
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emina Podhumljak
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Hink
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura F B Hesp
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah S Rosa
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan N Malik
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mariska Kea-Te Lindert
- Department of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy Center, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Han J G E Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter K den Otter
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Thermal and Fluid Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Merel J W Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Shin J, Lee SH, Kwon MC, Yang DK, Seo HR, Kim J, Kim YY, Im SK, Abel ED, Kim KT, Park WJ, Kong YY. Cardiomyocyte specific deletion of Crif1 causes mitochondrial cardiomyopathy in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53577. [PMID: 23308255 PMCID: PMC3537664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles dedicated to energy production. Crif1, which interacts with the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome, is indispensable for the mitochondrial translation and membrane insertion of respiratory subunits. To explore the physiological function of Crif1 in the heart, Crif1(f/f) mice were crossed with Myh6-cre/Esr1 transgenic mice, which harbor cardiomyocyte-specific Cre activity in a tamoxifen-dependent manner. The tamoxifen injections were given at six weeks postnatal, and the mutant mice survived only five months due to hypertrophic heart failure. In the mutant cardiac muscles, mitochondrial mass dramatically increased, while the inner structure was altered with lack of cristae. Mutant cardiac muscles showed decreased rates of oxygen consumption and ATP production, suggesting that Crif1 plays a critical role in the maintenance of both mitochondrial structure and respiration in cardiac muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Global Research Laboratory and Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Rim Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Evan Dale Abel
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- Global Research Laboratory and Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yun Kong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Postmus J, Tuzun I, Bekker M, Müller WH, Teixeira de Mattos MJ, Brul S, Smits GJ. Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2011; 157:3500-3511. [PMID: 21964735 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.050039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To adapt to changes in the environment, cells have to dynamically alter their phenotype in response to, for instance, temperature and oxygen availability. Interestingly, mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inherently temperature sensitive; above 37 °C, yeast cells cannot grow on respiratory carbon sources. To investigate this phenomenon, we studied the effect of cultivation temperature on the efficiency (production of ATP per atom of oxygen consumed, or P/O) of the yeast respiratory chain in glucose-limited chemostats. We determined that even though the specific oxygen consumption rate did not change with temperature, oxygen consumption no longer contributed to mitochondrial ATP generation at temperatures higher than 37 °C. Remarkably, between 30 and 37 °C, we observed a linear increase in respiratory efficiency with growth temperature, up to a P/O of 1.4, close to the theoretical maximum that can be reached in vivo. The temperature-dependent increase in efficiency required the presence of the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GUT2. Respiratory chain efficiency was also altered in response to changes in oxygen availibility. Our data show that, even in the absence of alternative oxidases or uncoupling proteins, yeast has retained the ability to dynamically regulate the efficiency of coupling of oxygen consumption to proton translocation in the respiratory chain in response to changes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarne Postmus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Işil Tuzun
- Department of Molecular Microbial Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Bekker
- Department of Molecular Microbial Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wally H Müller
- Department of Biology, Biomolecular Imaging, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Joost Teixeira de Mattos
- Department of Molecular Microbial Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertien J Smits
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shaw T, Smillie RH, Miller AE, MacPhee DG. The role of blood platelets in nucleoside metabolism: regulation of platelet thymidine phosphorylase. Mutat Res 1988; 200:117-31. [PMID: 3134612 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(88)90075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are the smallest cellular elements in mammalian blood. Because of their small size, platelets have an unusually large surface area: volume ratio and are exquisitely sensitive to a multitude of physiological and environmental stimuli. Platelets lack nuclei, but most possess functional mitochondria and remain capable of both anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolism, for which they utilise a variety of substrates including many which are cytotoxic and genotoxic for other (nucleated) cells. Nucleic acid precursors are amongst the potentially genotoxic compounds for which platelets have an apparently insatiable appetite. In particular platelets actively scavenge adenine and adenosine, which they convert to nucleotides and use in energy metabolism, but they also rapidly phosphorylase thymidine and liberate thymine into the extracellular medium. In addition, platelets contain non-metabolisable membrane-bound pools of adenine nucleotides which they secrete in response to strong agonists. Taken together, these observations suggest that blood platelets play an important role in nucleic acid precursor metabolism. In the previous paper we have shown that most thymidine phosphorylase activity present in normal human blood resides in the cytoplasm of platelets. Here we demonstrate that this enzyme activity can be modulated in a dose-dependent fashion, not only by substances recognised as platelet agonists and antagonists, but also by some compounds which are considered to be toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. The data which we present provide additional support for our previous suggestion that platelets regulate thymidine homeostasis and further imply that this is the normal, physiological, platelet function. Preliminary results suggest that assays of blood platelet thymidine metabolism may provide data with a wide variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shaw
- Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Shaw T. The role of blood platelets in nucleoside metabolism: regulation of megakaryocyte development and platelet production. Mutat Res 1988; 200:67-97. [PMID: 3292909 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(88)90073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In higher vertebrates, different types of blood cells develop from common precursors. Mammals are unique in possessing two types of blood cells--erythrocytes and platelets--which lack nuclei. Although platelets display consistent and easily-recognisable morphological and ultrastructural characteristics and show extreme metabolic and functional versatility, they are not true cells, being produced by fragmentation of giant polyploid precursors called megakaryocytes. At present, the physiological mechanisms which regulate megakaryocyte development and platelet production are not well understood. Platelets are actively involved in metabolism of purine derivatives and a significant platelet role in pyrimidine metabolism has also been demonstrated (see previous papers). Here an attempt is made to integrate information about platelet involvement in nucleic acid precursor metabolism with current concepts of haematopoiesis, particularly megakaryocyte development and platelet production. It is concluded (i) that megakaryocytic cells are immediate descendents of haematopoietic stem cells which have become polyploid as a result of genetic damage or metabolic imbalances, (ii) megakaryocytes and platelets are the ultimate regulators of stem cell development because they control the availability of thymidine and (iii) that the production of megakaryocytes and platelets is a physiological safety mechanism which prevents fixation of genetic damage and protects other cells from potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shaw
- School of Biological Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
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6
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Herrera-Goepfert R, Barrios-Del Valle R, Sales-Carmona V, Santoyo J, Oliva-Ramirez EB. Intramitochondrial lamellar bodies in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Hum Pathol 1986; 17:748-53. [PMID: 3013751 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(86)80186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intramitochondrial lamellar bodies were observed in three cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Two of the patients had M1 leukemia and the remaining patient M4 leukemia, by the FAB classification. In all three cases neoplastic cells contained dilated mitochondria that varied in size and shape and contained decreased numbers of cristae. Some mitochondria contained lamellar structures that resembled myelin figures and, occasionally, primary granules; these structures were more conspicuous in the central portion of the mitochondria. Regardless of the proliferating cell type (lymphoblasts, myeloblasts, or monoblasts), there are common ultrastructural changes that represent abnormal metabolic function, such as disorders of intramitochondrial protein synthesis. The exact meaning of these findings is not known; adequate interpretation will require further investigation of the biology of these neoplastic processes.
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7
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Chai LS, Schumer JM, Sandberg AA. Effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on metaphase-telophase progression and nuclear membrane formation in Chinese hamster cells. CELL AND TISSUE KINETICS 1985; 18:13-25. [PMID: 3918794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1985.tb00629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster Don cells in log-phase were exposed to Colcemid during the G2 period with and without a combination of divalent cation chelators and mitochondrial inhibitors. Isolated metaphase cells were incubated as follows: (i) without Colcemid but with other agents and the progression was monitored from metaphase (M) to telophase (Tel) and to cell division; (ii) with Colcemid and other agents and the rate of micronuclei formation in the absence of anaphase was studied. Both EDTA and EGTA accelerated the progression from M to Tel, but did not affect the overall rate of cell division. Chloramphenicol (CAP), an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis, blocked the effect of the chelators and also retarded the progression. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, Antimycin A (AA), also retarded the progression in the absence of the chelators and prevented the promoting effect of the chelators. A stimulator of ATPase for ATP breakdown. 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), accelerated the M to Tel progression. Chloramphenicol (CAP) and AA, as well as DNP, appeared to have little effect on the formation of micronuclei in the presence of Colcemid. EGTA, which affects cell surface Ca2+, stimulated the formation of micronuclei. This study indicates that Ca2+ ions and mitochondrial function are involved in the regulation of a certain segment of mitosis beyond metaphase, with Ca2+ sequestration in the mitochondria and chelation of Ca2+ by EGTA as dominant factors.
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8
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Zafar MN, O'Brien M, Catovsky D. Similarities in mitochondrial ultrastructure of leukemic cells and ethidium-bromide-treated normal cells. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1982; 81:133-8. [PMID: 6958882 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(82)90068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Morais R. On the effect of inhibitors of mitochondrial macromolecular-synthesizing systems and respiration on the growth of cultured chick embryo cells. J Cell Physiol 1980; 103:455-66. [PMID: 6772651 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have found that chick embryo fibroblasts (DEF) cultivated in the presence of tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) are inherently resistant to the growth inhibitory effect of ethidium bromide (EB). As demonstrated by cytochrome oxidase activity and oxygen consumption measurements, analyses of reduced-minus-oxidized cytochrome spectra and electron microscopic observations, TPB did not seem to prevent the inhibitory effect of EB on mitochondrial DNA transcription. EB-treated chick cell populations cultivated in the presence of TPB behave essentially the same as populations treated with chloramphenicol (CAM) and grow with mitochondria devoid of a functional respiratory chain. In contrast to CAM-treated CEF populations, however, the respiratory activity of EB-treated cell populations did not reappear when the cells were shifted back to EB-free medium. Attempts to demonstrate that TPB confers resistance to the growth inhibitory effect of carbomycin and mikamycin, inhibitors of the mitochondrial protein-synthesizing system, have failed, the drugs being cytotoxic at doses where protein synthesis on mitoribosomes is not suppressed. On the other hand, the present results demonstrated that chick cell populations proliferate in the presence of the respiratory inhibitors rotenone, antimycin A, amytal and oligomycin whether or not TPB is present in the growth medium.
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10
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Ziegler ML, Davidson RL. The effect of hexose on chloramphenicol sensitivity and resistance in Chinese hamster cells. J Cell Physiol 1979; 98:627-35. [PMID: 438306 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040980321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Yajima K, Suzuki K. Ultrastructural changes of oligodendroglia and myelin sheaths induced by ethidium bromide. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1979; 5:49-62. [PMID: 431767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1979.tb00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracisternal injection of ethidium bromide, an inhibitor of mitochondria associated RNA, DNA and protein synthesis, produced status spongiosus in the subpial surface of the CNS of rats. Ultrastructurally, numerous intra-myelinic vacuoles and prominent degenerative changes of oligodendroglia were observed. The vacuoles were formed between the myelin lamellae by splitting of the intraperiod lines, between the axolemma and the innermost myelin lamellae, and/or between the inner tongue of oligodendroglia and myelin lamellae. In the degenerating oligodendroglia, proliferation and alteration of the endoplasmic reticulum were prominent. In places, altered membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum formed concentrical scroll-like structures. These ultrastructural changes in ethidium bromide treated rats were compared with other similar previously described changes in animals treated with TET, cuprizone, hexachlorophene, hypocholesterolaemic drugs and actinomycin D.
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12
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Bagger-Sjöbäck D, Wersäll J. Gentamicin-induced mitochondrial damage in inner ear sensory cells of the lizard Calotes versicolor. Acta Otolaryngol 1978; 86:35-51. [PMID: 696295 DOI: 10.3109/00016487809124718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Earlier morphological and histochemical studies on the effects on inner ear sensory cells caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics have failed to give sufficient information of the genesis of these effects. The present study was focused on the phases of progessive mitochondrial changes in sensory cells of the the lizard basilar papilla induced by consecutive large doses of gentamicin. The mitochondria react by swelling, changes in the configuration and number of the cristae and formation of matrical inclusions. Myelin figures are a consistent finding in degenerating cells after gentamicin exposure. These are shown to be derived from changed mitochondria. The final product is an "onion-like" structure which is built of primitive membranes. There is a marked difference in reaction to the damage between individual mitochondria in the same cell. This difference is also evident between individual sensory cells in the same specimen. By studying the phases of the mitochondrial breakdown process in the sensory cell, some additional information on the changes in cell metabolism caused by ototoxic drugs, may be extracted.
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Lipton JH, McMurray WC. Mitochondrial biogenesis in cultured animal cells. I. Effect of chloramphenicol on morphology and mitochondrial respiratory enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 477:264-72. [PMID: 195616 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(77)90051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of chloramphenicol on the morphology and respiratory enzymes of BHK-21 cells in spinner culture have been examined with time. Cells treated with chloramphenicol double twice before growth ceases; these cells have increased size as measured by several techniques. Mitochondria are enlarged and appear to degenerate with prolonged treatment. Cytochrome c oxidase and succinate cytochrome c reductase activities are reduced while there is no decrease in the activities of monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase or NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. Cytochromes aa3 and b disappear on treatment while cytochromes c + c1 appears to be unaffected. All these effects are reversible if chloramphenicol is removed within a limited period of time.
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Lipton JH, McMurray WC. Mitochondrial biogenesis in cultured mammalian cells. II. Mitochondrial protein and phospholipid synthesis in chloramphenicol-treated BHK-21 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 477:273-87. [PMID: 884116 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(77)90052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of growth of BHK-21 cells in chloramphenicol on the synthesis of cellular proteins and phospholipids has been examined. The incorporation of leucine into total cellular proteins, or into the proteins of specific subcellular fractions are not significantly reduced by cell culture in the presence of chloramphenicol. In cells treated with cycloheximide, a small amount of chloramphenicol-sensitive labelling of protein was detected within the first hour of exposure to the drug. Chloramphenicol inhibits the incorporation of delta-amino-levulinic acid into hemoproteins, only if it is present during both the 48-h culturing and 4-h labelling period. De novo synthesis of cellular lipids as measured by pulse labelling with 32Pi or [3H]glycerol, is decreased in chloramphenicol-treated cells. This decrease is observed in all sub-cellular fractions, although the mitochondrial fraction is most affected. All phospholipids are affected, with diphosphatidylglycerol labelling reduced to the greatest extent. Although fatty acid synthesis is inhibited, the labelling of diphosphatidylglycerol with fatty acids is stimulated on chloramphenicol treatment.
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15
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Kobilinsky L, Beattie DS. The reversibility of the ethidium bromide-induced alterations of mitochondrial structure and function in the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1977; 9:73-90. [PMID: 195939 DOI: 10.1007/bf00745044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Weise MJ, Ingram VM. Proteins and glycoproteins of membranes from developing chick red cells. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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18
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Rodvein R, Lindon JN, Levine PH. Physiology and ultrastructure of the blood platelet following exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Br J Haematol 1976; 33:19-26. [PMID: 1268088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1976.tb00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide in micromolar concentrations can induce shape change in human blood platelets, and can modify the aggregation and release reaction of these cells as induced by ADP or thrombin. In larger (millimolar) concentrations, H2O2 produces fusion of platelets with distortions in platelet morphology unlike those normally caused by aggregating agents. The production of H2O2 in vivo by granulocytes or other cells could influence the processes of haemostasis or thrombosis.
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19
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Jeon KW. Selective effects of enucleation and transfer of heterologous nuclei on cytoplasmic organelles in Amoeba proteus. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1975; 22:402-5. [PMID: 1159642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1975.tb05191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructural changes in the cytoplasm of lethal hybrids obtained by nuclear transplantation between different strains of Amoeba proteus were compared with those of enucleated amebae. It was found that, whereas the Golgi complex and glycocalyx degenerated first in enucleated cells, mitochondria and endosymbiotes became abnormal first in the hybrids. The selective effects are attributed to the presence of nucleic acids in the mitochondria and endosymbiotes and hence to the different interactions they would have with the nuclear genome.
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21
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Lengyel J, Spradling A, Penman S. Methods with insect cells in suspension culture. II. Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Cell Biol 1975; 10:195-208. [PMID: 810640 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)60738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Heinen E, Lepoint A, Bassleer R, Goessens G. Effects of ethidium bromide on chick fibroblasts and mouse Ehrlich tumor cells cultivated in vitro. Cytological and cytochemical observations. BEITRAGE ZUR PATHOLOGIE 1974; 153:353-69. [PMID: 4616678 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-8165(74)80126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Brabec MJ, Gray RH, Bernstein IA. Restoration of hepatic mitochondria during recovery from carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Biochem Pharmacol 1974; 23:3227-38. [PMID: 4441413 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(74)90645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kay E, Rohatgi K, Krawiec S. Morphometric studies of mitochondria in Tetrahymena pyriformis exposed to chloramphenicol or ethidium bromide. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1974; 21:608-12. [PMID: 4213936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Casjens S, King J. P22 morphogenesis. I: Catalytic scaffolding protein in capsid assembly. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1974; 2:202-24. [PMID: 4612247 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gouhier M, Mounolou JC. Yeast mutants resistant to ethidium bromide. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 122:149-64. [PMID: 4573865 DOI: 10.1007/bf00435188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Liberman DF, Roti Roti JL. Effect of chloramphenicol on the growth and viability of exponentially growing mouse leukemic cells (L5178Y). Exp Cell Res 1973; 77:346-50. [PMID: 4120438 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(73)90586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Richert NJ, Hare JD. Distinctive effects of inhibitors of mitochondrial function on Rous sarcoma virus replication and malignant transformation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 46:5-10. [PMID: 4331129 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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