1
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Sui L, Dahmann C. A cellular tilting mechanism important for dynamic tissue shape changes and cell differentiation in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00236-3. [PMID: 38692272 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in three-dimensional cell shape are important for tissue form and function. In the developing Drosophila eye, photoreceptor differentiation requires the progression across the tissue of an epithelial fold known as the morphogenetic furrow. Morphogenetic furrow progression involves apical cell constriction and movement of apical cell edges. Here, we show that cells progressing through the morphogenetic furrow move their basal edges in opposite direction to their apical edges, resulting in a cellular tilting movement. We further demonstrate that cells generate, at their basal side, oriented, force-generating protrusions. Knockdown of the protein kinase Src42A or photoactivation of a dominant-negative form of the small GTPase Rac1 reduces protrusion formation. Impaired protrusion formation stalls basal cell movement and slows down morphogenetic furrow progression and photoreceptor differentiation. This work identifies a cellular tilting mechanism important for the generation of dynamic tissue shape changes and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Sui
- School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Dahmann
- School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Newman D, Young LE, Waring T, Brown L, Wolanska KI, MacDonald E, Charles-Orszag A, Goult BT, Caswell PT, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Machesky LM, Morgan MR, Zech T. 3D matrix adhesion feedback controls nuclear force coupling to drive invasive cell migration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113554. [PMID: 38100355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is a multi-step process, initiated by the acquisition of a migratory phenotype and the ability to move through complex 3D extracellular environments. We determine the composition of cell-matrix adhesion complexes of invasive breast cancer cells in 3D matrices and identify an interaction complex required for invasive migration. βPix and myosin18A (Myo18A) drive polarized recruitment of non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) to adhesion complexes at the tips of protrusions. Actomyosin force engagement then displaces the Git1-βPix complex from paxillin, establishing a feedback loop for adhesion maturation. We observe active force transmission to the nucleus during invasive migration that is needed to pull the nucleus forward. The recruitment of NM2A to adhesions creates a non-muscle myosin isoform gradient, which extends from the protrusion to the nucleus. We postulate that this gradient facilitates coupling of cell-matrix interactions at the protrusive cell front with nuclear movement, enabling effective invasive migration and front-rear cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Newman
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorna E Young
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Waring
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Brown
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna I Wolanska
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ewan MacDonald
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R Morgan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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3
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Bachmann M, Su B, Rahikainen R, Hytönen VP, Wu J, Wehrle-Haller B. ConFERMing the role of talin in integrin activation and mechanosignaling. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260576. [PMID: 37078342 PMCID: PMC10198623 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin (herein referring to the talin-1 form), is a cytoskeletal adapter protein that binds integrin receptors and F-actin, and is a key factor in the formation and regulation of integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesions. Talin forms the mechanical link between the cytoplasmic domain of integrins and the actin cytoskeleton. Through this linkage, talin is at the origin of mechanosignaling occurring at the plasma membrane-cytoskeleton interface. Despite its central position, talin is not able to fulfill its tasks alone, but requires help from kindlin and paxillin to detect and transform the mechanical tension along the integrin-talin-F-actin axis into intracellular signaling. The talin head forms a classical FERM domain, which is required to bind and regulate the conformation of the integrin receptor, as well as to induce intracellular force sensing. The FERM domain allows the strategic positioning of protein-protein and protein-lipid interfaces, including the membrane-binding and integrin affinity-regulating F1 loop, as well as the interaction with lipid-anchored Rap1 (Rap1a and Rap1b in mammals) GTPase. Here, we summarize the structural and regulatory features of talin and explain how it regulates cell adhesion and force transmission, as well as intracellular signaling at integrin-containing cell-matrix attachment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Baihao Su
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Rolle Rahikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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4
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Latour YL, Allaman MM, Barry DP, Smith TM, Williams KJ, McNamara KM, Jacobse J, Goettel JA, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Zhao S, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Epithelial talin-1 protects mice from citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis by restricting bacterial crypt intrusion and enhancing t cell immunity. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2192623. [PMID: 36951501 PMCID: PMC10038039 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2192623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic enteric Escherichia coli present a significant burden to global health. Food-borne enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) utilize attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions and actin-dense pedestal formation to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Talin-1 is a large structural protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix though direct influence on integrins. Here we show that mice lacking talin-1 in intestinal epithelial cells (Tln1Δepi) have heightened susceptibility to colonic disease caused by the A/E murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Tln1Δepi mice exhibit decreased survival, and increased colonization, colon weight, and histologic colitis compared to littermate Tln1fl/fl controls. These findings were associated with decreased actin polymerization and increased infiltration of innate myeloperoxidase-expressing immune cells, confirmed as neutrophils by flow cytometry, but more bacterial dissemination deep into colonic crypts. Further evaluation of the immune population recruited to the mucosa in response to C. rodentium revealed that loss of Tln1 in colonic epithelial cells (CECs) results in impaired recruitment and activation of T cells. C. rodentium infection-induced colonic mucosal hyperplasia was exacerbated in Tln1Δepi mice compared to littermate controls. We demonstrate that this is associated with decreased CEC apoptosis and crowding of proliferating cells in the base of the glands. Taken together, talin-1 expression by CECs is important in the regulation of both epithelial renewal and the inflammatory T cell response in the setting of colitis caused by C. rodentium, suggesting that this protein functions in CECs to limit, rather than contribute to the pathogenesis of this enteric infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L. Latour
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M. Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thaddeus M. Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kamery J. Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kara M. McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin Jacobse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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5
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Fierro Morales JC, Xue Q, Roh-Johnson M. An evolutionary and physiological perspective on cell-substrate adhesion machinery for cell migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943606. [PMID: 36092727 PMCID: PMC9453864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-substrate adhesion is a critical aspect of many forms of cell migration. Cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix (ECM) generates traction forces necessary for efficient migration. One of the most well-studied structures cells use to adhere to the ECM is focal adhesions, which are composed of a multilayered protein complex physically linking the ECM to the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Much of our understanding of focal adhesions, however, is primarily derived from in vitro studies in Metazoan systems. Though these studies provide a valuable foundation to the cell-substrate adhesion field, the evolution of cell-substrate adhesion machinery across evolutionary space and the role of focal adhesions in vivo are largely understudied within the field. Furthering investigation in these areas is necessary to bolster our understanding of the role cell-substrate adhesion machinery across Eukaryotes plays during cell migration in physiological contexts such as cancer and pathogenesis. In this review, we review studies of cell-substrate adhesion machinery in organisms evolutionary distant from Metazoa and cover the current understanding and ongoing work on how focal adhesions function in single and collective cell migration in an in vivo environment, with an emphasis on work that directly visualizes cell-substrate adhesions. Finally, we discuss nuances that ought to be considered moving forward and the importance of future investigation in these emerging fields for application in other fields pertinent to adhesion-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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6
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Integrated proteomics and metabolomics reveal the variations in the physiological state of spotted seal (Phoca largha) pups following artificial rescue. Genomics 2022; 114:110282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Tapia-Rojo R, Alonso-Caballero A, Fernandez JM. Direct observation of a coil-to-helix contraction triggered by vinculin binding to talin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4707. [PMID: 32494739 PMCID: PMC7244311 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin binds unfolded talin domains in focal adhesions, which recruits actin filaments to reinforce the mechanical coupling of this organelle. However, it remains unknown how this interaction is regulated and its impact on the force transmission properties of this mechanotransduction pathway. Here, we use magnetic tweezers to measure the interaction between vinculin head and the talin R3 domain under physiological forces. For the first time, we resolve individual binding events as a short contraction of the unfolded talin polypeptide caused by the reformation of the vinculin-binding site helices, which dictates a biphasic mechanism that regulates this interaction. Force favors vinculin binding by unfolding talin and exposing the vinculin-binding sites; however, the coil-to-helix contraction introduces an energy penalty that increases with force, defining an optimal binding regime. This mechanism implies that the talin-vinculin-actin association could operate as a negative feedback mechanism to stabilize force on focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tapia-Rojo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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8
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Liu Y, Xiao J, Zhang B, Shelite TR, Su Z, Chang Q, Judy B, Li X, Drelich A, Bei J, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Jin Y, Rossi SL, Tang SJ, Wakamiya M, Saito T, Ksiazek T, Kaphalia B, Gong B. Increased talin-vinculin spatial proximities in livers in response to spotted fever group rickettsial and Ebola virus infections. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1030-1041. [PMID: 32238906 PMCID: PMC7111589 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin and vinculin, both actin-cytoskeleton-related proteins, have been documented to participate in establishing bacterial infections, respectively, as the adapter protein to mediate cytoskeleton-driven dynamics of the plasma membrane. However, little is known regarding the potential role of the talin-vinculin complex during spotted fever group rickettsial and Ebola virus infections, two dreadful infectious diseases in humans. Many functional properties of proteins are determined by their participation in protein-protein complexes, in a temporal and/or spatial manner. To resolve the limitation of application in using mouse primary antibodies on archival, multiple formalin-fixed mouse tissue samples, which were collected from experiments requiring high biocontainment, we developed a practical strategic proximity ligation assay (PLA) capable of employing one primary antibody raised in mouse to probe talin-vinculin spatial proximal complex in mouse tissue. We observed an increase of talin-vinculin spatial proximities in the livers of spotted fever Rickettsia australis or Ebola virus-infected mice when compared with mock mice. Furthermore, using EPAC1-knockout mice, we found that deletion of EPAC1 could suppress the formation of spatial proximal complex of talin-vinculin in rickettsial infections. In addition, we observed increased colocalization between spatial proximity of talin-vinculin and filamentous actin-specific phalloidin staining in single survival mouse from an ordinarily lethal dose of rickettsial or Ebola virus infection. These findings may help to delineate a fresh insight into the mechanisms underlying liver specific pathogenesis during infection with spotted fever rickettsia or Ebola virus in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Liu
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Jie Xiao
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Ben Zhang
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Thomas R. Shelite
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Zhengchen Su
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Qing Chang
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Barbara Judy
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Xiang Li
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Jiani Bei
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,0000 0004 0532 1428grid.265231.1Present Address: Life Science Department, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,0000 0004 0369 1599grid.411525.6Present Address: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junying Zheng
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Yang Jin
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shannan L. Rossi
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Tais Saito
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Thomas Ksiazek
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Bhupendra Kaphalia
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Bin Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Khan RB, Goult BT. Adhesions Assemble!-Autoinhibition as a Major Regulatory Mechanism of Integrin-Mediated Adhesion. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:144. [PMID: 31921890 PMCID: PMC6927945 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of cell-cell and cell-extracellular adhesion enabled cells to interact in a coherent manner, forming larger structures and giving rise to the development of tissues, organs and complex multicellular life forms. The development of such organisms required tight regulation of dynamic adhesive structures by signaling pathways that coordinate cell attachment. Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix provides cells with support, survival signals and context-dependent cues that enable cells to run different cellular programs. One mysterious aspect of the process is how hundreds of proteins assemble seemingly spontaneously onto the activated integrin. An emerging concept is that adhesion assembly is regulated by autoinhibition of key proteins, a highly dynamic event that is modulated by a variety of signaling events. By enabling precise control of the activation state of proteins, autoinhibition enables localization of inactive proteins and the formation of pre-complexes. In response to the correct signals, these proteins become active and interact with other proteins, ultimately leading to development of cell-matrix junctions. Autoinhibition of key components of such adhesion complexes—including core components integrin, talin, vinculin, and FAK and important peripheral regulators such as RIAM, Src, and DLC1—leads to a view that the majority of proteins involved in complex assembly might be regulated by intramolecular interactions. Autoinhibition is relieved via multiple different signals including post-translation modification and proteolysis. More recently, mechanical forces have been shown to stabilize and increase the lifetimes of active conformations, identifying autoinhibition as a means of encoding mechanosensitivity. The complexity and scope for nuanced adhesion dynamics facilitated via autoinhibition provides numerous points of regulation. In this review, we discuss what is known about this mode of regulation and how it leads to rapid and tightly controlled assembly and disassembly of cell-matrix adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejina B Khan
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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10
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Regulation of cell adhesion: a collaborative effort of integrins, their ligands, cytoplasmic actors, and phosphorylation. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 52:e10. [PMID: 31709962 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583519000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are large heterodimeric type 1 membrane proteins expressed in all nucleated mammalian cells. Eighteen α-chains and eight β-chains can combine to form 24 different integrins. They are cell adhesion proteins, which bind to a large variety of cellular and extracellular ligands. Integrins are required for cell migration, hemostasis, translocation of cells out from the blood stream and further movement into tissues, but also for the immune response and tissue morphogenesis. Importantly, integrins are not usually active as such, but need activation to become adhesive. Integrins are activated by outside-in activation through integrin ligand binding, or by inside-out activation through intracellular signaling. An important question is how integrin activity is regulated, and this topic has recently drawn much attention. Changes in integrin affinity for ligand binding are due to allosteric structural alterations, but equally important are avidity changes due to integrin clustering in the plane of the plasma membrane. Recent studies have partially solved how integrin cell surface structures change during activation. The integrin cytoplasmic domains are relatively short, but by interacting with a variety of cytoplasmic proteins in a regulated manner, the integrins acquire a number of properties important not only for cell adhesion and movement, but also for cellular signaling. Recent work has shown that specific integrin phosphorylations play pivotal roles in the regulation of integrin activity. Our purpose in this review is to integrate the present knowledge to enable an understanding of how cell adhesion is dynamically regulated.
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11
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Chen J, Jiang C, Fu L, Zhu CL, Xiang YQ, Jiang LX, Chen Q, Liu WM, Chen JN, Zhang LY, Liu M, Chen C, Tang H, Wang B, Tsao SW, Kwong DLW, Guan XY. CHL1 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by repressing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via interaction with Integrin β1 and Merlin. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1802-1815. [PMID: 31523184 PMCID: PMC6743306 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.34785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of Chromosome 3p is one of the most frequently detected genetic alterations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We reported the role of a novel 3p26.3 tumor suppressor gene (TSG) CHL1 in NPC. Down-regulation of CHL1 was detected in 4/6 of NPC cell lines and 71/95 (74.7%) in clinical tissues. Ectopic expressions of CHL1 in NPC cells significantly inhibit colony formation and cell motility in functional study. By up-regulating epithelial markers and down-regulating mesenchymal markers CHL1 could induce mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), a key step in preventing tumor invasion and metastasis. CHL1 could also cause the inactivation of RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 signaling pathway and inhibit the formation of stress fiber, lamellipodia, and filopodia. CHL1 could co-localize with adhesion molecule Integrin-β1, the expression of CHL1 was positively correlated with Integrin-β1 and another known tumor suppressor gene (TSG) Merlin. Down-regulation of Integrin-β1 or Merlin was significantly correlated with the poor survival rate of NPC patients. Further mechanistic studies showed that CHL1 could directly interact with integrin-β1 and link to Merlin, leading to the inactivation of integrin β1-AKT pathway. In conclusion, CHL1 is a vital tumor suppressor in the carcinogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Chen Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology and Shenzhen University International Cancer Research Centre, Shenzhen University school of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai-Lei Zhu
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Qun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal, Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Xi Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Departments of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Man Liu
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin-Na Chen
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Science and Technology of Huazhong University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- Departments of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China;,✉ Corresponding author: Xin-Yuan Guan, Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Room L10-56, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Tel: 852-3917-9782, E-Mail: ; or Dora Lai-Wan Kwong, Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Tel: 852-28554521, E-mail:
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12
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Sit B, Gutmann D, Iskratsch T. Costameres, dense plaques and podosomes: the cell matrix adhesions in cardiovascular mechanosensing. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:197-209. [PMID: 31214894 PMCID: PMC6726830 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The stiffness of the cardiovascular environment changes during ageing and in disease and contributes to disease incidence and progression. For instance, increased arterial stiffness can lead to atherosclerosis, while stiffening of the heart due to fibrosis can increase the chances of heart failure. Cells can sense the stiffness of the extracellular matrix through integrin adhesions and other mechanosensitive structures and in response to this initiate mechanosignalling pathways that ultimately change the cellular behaviour. Over the past decades, interest in mechanobiology has steadily increased and with this also our understanding of the molecular basis of mechanosensing and transduction. However, much of our knowledge about the mechanisms is derived from studies investigating focal adhesions in non-muscle cells, which are distinct in several regards from the cell-matrix adhesions in cardiomyocytes (costameres) or vascular smooth muscle cells (dense plaques or podosomes). Therefore, we will look here first at the evidence for mechanical sensing in the cardiovascular system, before comparing the different cytoskeletal arrangements and adhesion sites in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells and what is known about mechanical sensing through the various structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sit
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Gutmann
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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13
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Li L, Wu X, Eerdunchaolu, Qin W, Yang Y, Wang G, He H, Zhang H. FBP2 and Talin-1 are potential protein markers for Mongolian medicine symptom evaluation in viral infectious diseases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13526. [PMID: 30572452 PMCID: PMC6320185 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza, measles, and mumps are common viral infectious diseases in Mongolia. The traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM) classified them as warm disease, and still plays a major role in the diagnoses and treatments. METHODS To interpret the connotation of the complex theoretical system in TMM with scientific technique, in this study, a high throughput mass spectrometry was used to identify potential protein markers of TMM symptom types. Fifty venous blood samples were drawn from influenza, measles and mumps patients. Differential proteins between samples of patients diagnosed as immature and mature heat in TMM were detected by mass spectrometry. RESULTS After proteomics analysis, 1500 proteins and 7619 polypeptides were identified and 1323 in total showed differential expression between those 2 symptom types; then enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed proteins revealed the significant biological functions related to the differentially expressed proteins, including cardiomyopathy, several bacterial and parasitic infections, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, insulin signaling pathway, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. The network analysis showed that FBP2 and Talin-1 were critical points and might determine the evolution directions of TMM warm disease symptom. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the identified core differential proteins may be regarded as potential biomarkers, and benefit to evaluate the evolutionary tendency of TMM warm disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Traditional Mongolian Medical Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao City, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
- Mongolian Medicine, Monglian Hospital of Liaoning Province, Fuxin City, Liaoning Province
| | - Eerdunchaolu
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao City, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
| | - Wenyan Qin
- Scientific research division, Beijing CapitalBio Technology Co., LTD., Beijing
| | - Yuqiu Yang
- Department of Traditional Mongolian Medical Intrusive Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Geriletu Wang
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao City, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
| | - Huili He
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao City, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
| | - Husileng Zhang
- Department of Traditional Mongolian Medical Intrusive Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China
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14
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Gough RE, Goult BT. The tale of two talins - two isoforms to fine-tune integrin signalling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2108-2125. [PMID: 29723415 PMCID: PMC6032930 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Talins are cytoplasmic adapter proteins essential for integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Talins control the activation state of integrins, link integrins to cytoskeletal actin, recruit numerous signalling molecules that mediate integrin signalling and coordinate recruitment of microtubules to adhesion sites via interaction with KANK (kidney ankyrin repeat-containing) proteins. Vertebrates have two talin genes, TLN1 and TLN2. Although talin1 and talin2 share 76% protein sequence identity (88% similarity), they are not functionally redundant, and the differences between the two isoforms are not fully understood. In this Review, we focus on the similarities and differences between the two talins in terms of structure, biochemistry and function, which hint at subtle differences in fine-tuning adhesion signalling.
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15
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Liang Y, Chen H, Ji L, Du J, Xie X, Li X, Lou Y. Talin2 regulates breast cancer cell migration and invasion by apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:285-293. [PMID: 29928413 PMCID: PMC6006181 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin is a key component molecule of the extracellular matrix-integrin-cytoskeleton. It serves an important role in the activation of integrin, which, in turn, is known to mediate physiological and pathological processes, including cell adhesion, growth, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. In vertebrates, there are two Talin genes, Talin1 and Talin2. Talin1 is known to regulate focal adhesion dynamics, cell migration and cell invasion; however, the precise role of Talin2 in cancer remains unclear. In the present study, the functional role of Talin2 was examined in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Talin2 knockdown significantly inhibited growth, migratory capacity and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells, and promoted apoptosis. The expression levels of Talin2 in breast cancer cells and in the peritumoral normal breast tissues were also determined by immunohistochemistry. Talin2 was identified to be overexpressed in breast cancer tissues compared with that in the peritumoral breast tissues. In addition, the knockdown of Talin2 by specific RNA interference markedly inhibited cell growth, and caused the downregulation of the apoptotic markers, cleaved Caspase-3 and phosphorylation of poly ADP-ribose polymerase. These findings demonstrate that Talin2 expression is upregulated in human breast cancer and that downregulation of Talin2 may serve as a useful therapeutic target in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfan Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China.,Institute of Medical Virology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jinfu Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Xie
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China.,Institute of Medical Virology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China.,Institute of Medical Virology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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16
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Burridge K. Focal adhesions: a personal perspective on a half century of progress. FEBS J 2017; 284:3355-3361. [PMID: 28796323 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are specialized sites within the cell where clustered integrin receptors interact with the extracellular matrix on the outside of cells and with the actin cytoskeleton on the inside. They provide strong adhesion to the matrix and transmit mechanical tension generated within cells across the plasma membrane to the external environment. Additionally, they act as scaffolds for many signaling pathways triggered by integrin engagement or mechanical force exerted on cells. Here I describe my personal perspective on FA research which I have witnessed since the initial discovery and description of FAs as electron dense regions of the ventral plasma nearly half a century ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Abstract
Talin has emerged as the key cytoplasmic protein that mediates integrin adhesion to the extracellular matrix. In this Review, we draw on experiments performed in mammalian cells in culture and Drosophila to present evidence that talin is the most important component of integrin adhesion complexes. We describe how the properties of this adaptor protein enable it to orchestrate integrin adhesions. Talin forms the core of integrin adhesion complexes by linking integrins directly to actin, increasing the affinity of integrin for ligands (integrin activation) and recruiting numerous proteins. It regulates the strength of integrin adhesion, senses matrix rigidity, increases focal adhesion size in response to force and serves as a platform for the building of the adhesion structure. Finally, the mechano-sensitive structure of talin provides a paradigm for how proteins transduce mechanical signals to chemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klapholz
- Dept of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Nicholas H Brown
- Dept of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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18
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Fan Z, Ley K. Leukocyte arrest: Biomechanics and molecular mechanisms of β2 integrin activation. Biorheology 2016; 52:353-77. [PMID: 26684674 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a group of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that play essential roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction. Integrins are important in many physiological processes and diseases. Integrins acquire affinity to their ligand by undergoing molecular conformational changes called activation. Here we review the molecular biomechanics during conformational changes of integrins, integrin functions in leukocyte biorheology (adhesive functions during rolling and arrest) and molecules involved in integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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19
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Li Z, Lee H, Zhu C. Molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:85-94. [PMID: 27720950 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion complexes are multi-protein structures linking the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoskeleton. They are essential to both cell motility and function by bidirectionally sensing and transmitting mechanical and biochemical stimulations. Several types of cell-matrix adhesions have been identified and they share many key molecular components, such as integrins and actin-integrin linkers. Mechanochemical coupling between ECM molecules and the actin cytoskeleton has been observed from the single cell to the single molecule level and from immune cells to neuronal cells. However, the mechanisms underlying force regulation of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction still need to be elucidated. In this review article, we focus on integrin-mediated adhesions and discuss force regulation of cell-matrix adhesions and key adaptor molecules, three different force-dependent behaviors, and molecular mechanisms for mechanochemical coupling in force regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Li
- Molecular Modeling and Simulation Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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20
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Chai YW, Lee EH, Gubbe JD, Brekke JH. 3D Cell Culture in a Self-Assembled Nanofiber Environment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162853. [PMID: 27632425 PMCID: PMC5025053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and utilization of three-dimensional cell culture platforms has been gaining more traction. Three-dimensional culture platforms are capable of mimicking in vivo microenvironments, which provide greater physiological relevance in comparison to conventional two-dimensional cultures. The majority of three-dimensional culture platforms are challenged by the lack of cell attachment, long polymerization times, and inclusion of undefined xenobiotics, and cytotoxic cross-linkers. In this study, we review the use of a highly defined material composed of naturally occurring compounds, hyaluronic acid and chitosan, known as Cell-Mate3DTM. Moreover, we provide an original measurement of Young's modulus using a uniaxial unconfined compression method to elucidate the difference in microenvironment rigidity for acellular and cellular conditions. When hydrated into a tissue-like hybrid hydrocolloid/hydrogel, Cell-Mate3DTM is a highly versatile three-dimensional culture platform that enables downstream applications such as flow cytometry, immunostaining, histological staining, and functional studies to be applied with relative ease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen Chai
- BRTI Life Sciences, Two Harbors, MN, United States of America
| | - Eu Han Lee
- BRTI Life Sciences, Two Harbors, MN, United States of America
| | - John D. Gubbe
- BRTI Life Sciences, Two Harbors, MN, United States of America
| | - John H. Brekke
- BRTI Life Sciences, Two Harbors, MN, United States of America
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21
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Dong JM, Tay FPL, Swa HLF, Gunaratne J, Leung T, Burke B, Manser E. Proximity biotinylation provides insight into the molecular composition of focal adhesions at the nanometer scale. Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs4. [PMID: 27303058 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are protein complexes that link metazoan cells to the extracellular matrix through the integrin family of transmembrane proteins. Integrins recruit many proteins to these complexes, referred to as the "adhesome." We used proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) in U2OS osteosarcoma cells to label proteins within 15 to 25 nm of paxillin, a cytoplasmic focal adhesion protein, and kindlin-2, which directly binds β integrins. Using mass spectrometry analysis of the biotinylated proteins, we identified 27 known adhesome proteins and 8 previously unknown components close to paxillin. However, only seven of these proteins interacted directly with paxillin, one of which was the adaptor protein Kank2. The proteins in proximity to β integrin included 15 of the adhesion proteins identified in the paxillin BioID data set. BioID also correctly established kindlin-2 as a cell-cell junction protein. By focusing on this smaller data set, new partners for kindlin-2 were found, namely, the endocytosis-promoting proteins liprin β1 and EFR3A, but, contrary to previous reports, not the filamin-binding protein migfilin. A model adhesome based on both data sets suggests that focal adhesions contain fewer components than previously suspected and that paxillin lies away from the plasma membrane. These data not only illustrate the power of using BioID and stable isotope-labeled mass spectrometry to define macromolecular complexes but also enable the correct identification of therapeutic targets within the adhesome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ming Dong
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Felicia Pei-Ling Tay
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hannah Lee-Foon Swa
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Thomas Leung
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Brian Burke
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ed Manser
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore. Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore. Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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22
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Ye X, McLean MA, Sligar SG. Conformational equilibrium of talin is regulated by anionic lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1833-40. [PMID: 27163494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A critical step in the activation of integrin receptors is the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic domain of the β subunits. This interaction leads to separation of the integrin α and β transmembrane domains and significant conformational changes in the extracellular domains, resulting in a dramatic increase in integrin's affinity for ligands. It has long been shown that the membrane bilayer also plays a critical role in the talin-integrin interaction. Anionic lipids are required for proper interaction, yet the specificity for specific anionic headgroups is not clear. In this report, we document talin-membrane interactions with bilayers of controlled composition using Nanodiscs and a FRET based binding and structural assay. We confirm that recruitment of the talin head domain to the membrane surface is governed by charge in the absence of other adapter proteins. In addition, measurement of the donor-acceptor distance is consistent with the hypothesis that anionic lipids promote a conformational change in the talin head domain allowing interaction of the F3 domain with the phospholipid bilayer. The magnitude of the F3 domain movement is altered by the identity of the phospholipid headgroup with phosphatidylinositides promoting the largest change. Our results suggest that phoshpatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate plays key a role in converting talin head domain to a conformation optimized for interactions with the bilayer and subsequently integrin cytoplasmic tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Mark A McLean
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Stephen G Sligar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
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23
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Abstract
Reproductive biologists are well-versed in many types of biochemical signaling, and indeed, there are almost innumerable examples in reproduction, including steroid and peptide hormone signaling, receptor-ligand and secondary messenger-mediated signaling, signaling regulated by membrane channels, and many others. Among reproductive scientists, a perhaps lesser-known but comparably important mode of signaling is mechanotransduction: the concept that cells can sense and respond to externally applied or internally generated mechanical forces. Given the cell shape changes and tissue morphogenesis events that are components of many phenomena in reproductive function, it should be no surprise that mechanotransduction has major impacts in reproductive health and pathophysiology. The conference on "Mechanotransduction in the Reproductive Tract" was a valuable launch pad to bring this hot issue in development, cell biology, biophysics, and tissue regeneration to the realm of reproductive biology. The goal of the meeting was to stimulate interest and increased mechanotransduction research in the reproductive field by presenting a broad spectrum of responses impacted by this process. The meeting highlighted the importance of convening expert investigators, students, fellows, and young investigators from a number of research areas resulting in cross-fertilization of ideas and suggested new avenues for study. The conference included talks on tissue engineering, stem cells, and several areas of reproductive biology, from uterus and cervix to the gametes. Specific reproductive health-relevant areas, including uterine fibroids, gestation and parturition, and breast tissue morphogenesis, received particular attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice P Evans
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Phyllis C Leppert
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA.,c The Campion Fund , Durham , NC , USA
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24
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Haining AWM, Lieberthal TJ, Hernández ADR. Talin: a mechanosensitive molecule in health and disease. FASEB J 2016; 30:2073-85. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Lim D, Lu Y, Rudd CE. Non-cleavable talin rescues defect in the T-cell conjugation of T-cells deficient in the immune adaptor SKAP1. Immunol Lett 2016; 172:40-6. [PMID: 26905930 PMCID: PMC4860717 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skap1−/− T-cells show impaired talin and RIAM localization at the anti-CD3 beads. Talin cleavage is altered in Skap1−/− T-cells. Cleavage resistant talin (L432G) restored normal conjugation of Skap1−/− T-cells. Immune cell adaptor SKAP1 interfaces with regulation of talin and RIAM in T-cells.
While the cytoskeletal protein talin binds to the β-chain of LFA-1, the immune cell adaptor SKAP1 (SKAP-55) binds to the α-chain of the same integrin via RapL. Whereas calpain protease cleavage of talin is important for LFA-1 activation, it has been unclear whether SKAP1 can alter the function of talin or its associated adaptor RIAM in T-cells. In this paper, we report that Skap1−/− T-cells showed a reduction in the translocation of talin and RIAM to the contact interface of T-cells with antigenic beads or dendritic cells (DCs) presenting OVA peptide to OT-1 T-cells. In addition, Skap1−/− T-cells show an altered pattern of talin cleavage, while the expression of a cleavage resistant form of talin (L432G) restored the impaired adhesion of OT1 transgenic Skap1−/− T-cells with DCs. SKAP1 therefore can affect the function of talin in T-cells needed for optimal T-cell/DC conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Lim
- Cell Signalling Section, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, Hills Road, CB2 OXY Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuning Lu
- Cell Signalling Section, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, Hills Road, CB2 OXY Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Cell Signalling Section, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, Hills Road, CB2 OXY Cambridge, UK.
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26
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Srinivasan S, Schiemer J, Zhang X, Chishti AH, Le Breton GC. Gα13 Switch Region 2 Binds to the Talin Head Domain and Activates αIIbβ3 Integrin in Human Platelets. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25129-39. [PMID: 26292217 PMCID: PMC4599016 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.650978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though GPCR signaling in human platelets is directly involved in hemostasis and thrombus formation, the sequence of events by which G protein activation leads to αIIbβ3 integrin activation (inside-out signaling) is not clearly defined. We previously demonstrated that a conformationally sensitive domain of one G protein, i.e. Gα13 switch region 1 (Gα13SR1), can directly participate in the platelet inside-out signaling process. Interestingly however, the dependence on Gα13SR1 signaling was limited to PAR1 receptors, and did not involve signaling through other important platelet GPCRs. Based on the limited scope of this involvement, and the known importance of G13 in hemostasis and thrombosis, the present study examined whether signaling through another switch region of G13, i.e. Gα13 switch region 2 (Gα13SR2) may represent a more global mechanism of platelet activation. Using multiple experimental approaches, our results demonstrate that Gα13SR2 forms a bi-molecular complex with the head domain of talin and thereby promotes β3 integrin activation. Moreover, additional studies provided evidence that Gα13SR2 is not constitutively associated with talin in unactivated platelets, but becomes bound to talin in response to elevated intraplatelet calcium levels. Collectively, these findings provide evidence for a novel paradigm of inside-out signaling in platelets, whereby β3 integrin activation involves the direct binding of the talin head domain to the switch region 2 sequence of the Gα13 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Srinivasan
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | - James Schiemer
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Programs in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology, and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | - Athar H Chishti
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Programs in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology, and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Guy C Le Breton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
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27
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Orłowski A, Kukkurainen S, Pöyry A, Rissanen S, Vattulainen I, Hytönen VP, Róg T. PIP2 and Talin Join Forces to Activate Integrin. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12381-9. [PMID: 26309152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are major players in cell adhesion and migration, and malfunctions in controlling their activity are associated with various diseases. Nevertheless, the details of integrin activation are not completely understood, and the role of lipids in the process is largely unknown. Herein, we show using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations that the interplay of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and talin may directly alter the conformation of integrin αIIbβ3. Our results provide a new perspective on the role of PIP2 in integrin activation and indicate that the charged PIP2 lipid headgroup can perturb a clasp at the cytoplasmic face of the integrin heterodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Orłowski
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd. , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Pöyry
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Rissanen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd. , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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28
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Arcario MJ, Tajkhorshid E. Membrane-induced structural rearrangement and identification of a novel membrane anchor in talin F2F3. Biophys J 2015; 107:2059-69. [PMID: 25418091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental challenges associated with characterization of the membrane-bound form of talin have prevented us from understanding the molecular mechanism of its membrane-dependent integrin activation. Here, utilizing what we believe to be a novel membrane mimetic model, we present a reproducible model of membrane-bound talin observed across multiple independent simulations. We characterize both local and global membrane-induced structural transitions that successfully reconcile discrepancies between biochemical and structural studies and provide insight into how talin might modulate integrin function. Membrane binding of talin, captured in unbiased simulations, proceeds through three distinct steps: initial electrostatic recruitment of the F2 subdomain to anionic lipids via several basic residues; insertion of an initially buried, conserved hydrophobic anchor into the membrane; and association of the F3 subdomain with the membrane surface through a large, interdomain conformational change. These latter two steps, to our knowledge, have not been observed or described previously. Electrostatic analysis shows talin F2F3 to be highly polarized, with a highly positive underside, which we attribute to the initial electrostatic recruitment, and a negative top face, which can help orient the protein optimally with respect to the membrane, thereby reducing the number of unproductive membrane collision events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Arcario
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
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29
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Study of protein structural deformations under external mechanical perturbations by a coarse-grained simulation method. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 15:317-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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The conformational states of talin autoinhibition complex and its activation under forces. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:694-703. [PMID: 26032591 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Talin is an integrin-binding protein located at focal adhesion site and serves as both an adapter and a force transmitter. Its integrin binding activity is regulated by the intramolecular autoinhibition interaction between its F3 and RS domains. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to measure the strength of talin autoinhibition complex. Our results suggest that the lifetime of talin autoinhibition complex shows weak catch bond behavior and does not change significantly at smaller forces, while it drops rapidly at larger forces (>10 pN). Moreover, besides the complex conformation revealed by crystal structure, our molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicate the possible existence of another stable conformation. Further analysis indicates that forces may regulate the equilibrium of the two stable binding states and result in the non-exponential force dependence of the binding lifetime. Our findings reveal a negative regulation mechanism on talin activation and provide a new point of view on the function of talin in focal adhesion.
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31
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Yang C, Zhang X, Guo Y, Meng F, Sachs F, Guo J. Mechanical dynamics in live cells and fluorescence-based force/tension sensors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1889-904. [PMID: 25958335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three signaling systems play the fundamental roles in modulating cell activities: chemical, electrical, and mechanical. While the former two are well studied, the mechanical signaling system is still elusive because of the lack of methods to measure structural forces in real time at cellular and subcellular levels. Indeed, almost all biological processes are responsive to modulation by mechanical forces that trigger dispersive downstream electrical and biochemical pathways. Communication among the three systems is essential to make cells and tissues receptive to environmental changes. Cells have evolved many sophisticated mechanisms for the generation, perception and transduction of mechanical forces, including motor proteins and mechanosensors. In this review, we introduce some background information about mechanical dynamics in live cells, including the ubiquitous mechanical activity, various types of mechanical stimuli exerted on cells and the different mechanosensors. We also summarize recent results obtained using genetically encoded FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer)-based force/tension sensors; a new technique used to measure mechanical forces in structural proteins. The sensors have been incorporated into many specific structural proteins and have measured the force gradients in real time within live cells, tissues, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yichen Guo
- The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - Fanjie Meng
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, Center for Single Molecule Studies, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Frederick Sachs
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, Center for Single Molecule Studies, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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32
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Schlienger S, Ramirez RAM, Claing A. ARF1 regulates adhesion of MDA-MB-231 invasive breast cancer cells through formation of focal adhesions. Cell Signal 2014; 27:403-15. [PMID: 25530216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion complex formation and disassembly is crucial for maintaining efficient cell movement. During migration, several proteins act in concert to promote remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and we have previously shown that in highly invasive breast cancer cells, this process is regulated by small GTP-binding proteins of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family. These are overexpressed and highly activated in these cells. Here, we report that one mechanism by which ARF1 regulates migration is by controlling assembly of focal adhesions. In cells depleted of ARF1, paxillin is no longer colocalized with actin at focal adhesion sites. In addition, we demonstrate that this occurs through the ability of ARF1 to regulate the recruitment of key proteins such as paxillin, talin and FAK to ß1-integrin. Furthermore, we show that the interactions between paxillin and talin together and with FAK are significantly impaired in ARF1 knocked down cells. Our findings also indicate that ARF1 is essential for EGF-mediated phosphorylation of FAK and Src. Finally, we report that ARF1 can be found in complex with key focal adhesion proteins such as ß1-integrin, paxillin, talin and FAK. Together our findings uncover a new mechanism by which ARF1 regulates cell migration and provide this GTPase as a target for the development of new therapeutics in triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schlienger
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Audrey Claing
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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33
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Wu CY, Lin MW, Wu DC, Huang YB, Huang HT, Chen CL. The role of phosphoinositide-regulated actin reorganization in chemotaxis and cell migration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5541-54. [PMID: 25420930 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell motility and chemotaxis. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and membrane lipids, especially phosphoinositides PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are involved in the regulation of this reorganization. At least 15 ABPs have been reported to interact with, or regulated by phosphoinositides (PIPs) whose synthesis is regulated by extracellular signals. Recent studies have uncovered several parallel intracellular signalling pathways that crosstalk in chemotaxing cells. Here, we review the roles of ABPs and phosphoinositides in chemotaxis and cell migration. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Wu
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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34
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Beaty BT, Wang Y, Bravo-Cordero JJ, Sharma VP, Miskolci V, Hodgson L, Condeelis J. Talin regulates moesin-NHE-1 recruitment to invadopodia and promotes mammary tumor metastasis. J Cell Biol 2014; 205:737-51. [PMID: 24891603 PMCID: PMC4050723 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201312046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions that degrade the extracellular matrix and are required for stromal invasion, intravasation, and metastasis. The role of the focal adhesion protein talin in regulating these structures is not known. Here, we demonstrate that talin is required for invadopodial matrix degradation and three-dimensional extracellular matrix invasion in metastatic breast cancer cells. The sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE-1) is linked to the cytoskeleton by ezrin/radixin/moesin family proteins and is known to regulate invadopodium-mediated matrix degradation. We show that the talin C terminus binds directly to the moesin band 4.1 ERM (FERM) domain to recruit a moesin-NHE-1 complex to invadopodia. Silencing talin resulted in a decrease in cytosolic pH at invadopodia and blocked cofilin-dependent actin polymerization, leading to impaired invadopodium stability and matrix degradation. Furthermore, talin is required for mammary tumor cell motility, intravasation, and spontaneous lung metastasis in vivo. Thus, our findings provide a novel understanding of how intracellular pH is regulated and a molecular mechanism by which talin enhances tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Beaty
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Ved P Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Veronika Miskolci
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
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35
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Regulation of focal adhesion formation by a vinculin-Arp2/3 hybrid complex. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3758. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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36
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Abstract
Cell migration is fundamental to establishing and maintaining the proper organization of multicellular organisms. Morphogenesis can be viewed as a consequence, in part, of cell locomotion, from large-scale migrations of epithelial sheets during gastrulation, to the movement of individual cells during development of the nervous system. In an adult organism, cell migration is essential for proper immune response, wound repair, and tissue homeostasis, while aberrant cell migration is found in various pathologies. Indeed, as our knowledge of migration increases, we can look forward to, for example, abating the spread of highly malignant cancer cells, retarding the invasion of white cells in the inflammatory process, or enhancing the healing of wounds. This article is organized in two main sections. The first section is devoted to the single-cell migrating in isolation such as occurs when leukocytes migrate during the immune response or when fibroblasts squeeze through connective tissue. The second section is devoted to cells collectively migrating as part of multicellular clusters or sheets. This second type of migration is prevalent in development, wound healing, and in some forms of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Das M, Ithychanda S, Qin J, Plow EF. Mechanisms of talin-dependent integrin signaling and crosstalk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:579-88. [PMID: 23891718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cells undergo dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeleton during adhesion and migration on various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates in response to physiological and pathological cues. The major mediators of such cellular responses are the heterodimeric adhesion receptors, the integrins. Extracellular or intracellular signals emanating from different signaling cascades cause inside-out signaling of integrins via talin, a cystokeletal protein that links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. Various integrin subfamilies communicate with each other and growth factor receptors under diverse cellular contexts to facilitate or inhibit various integrin-mediated functions. Since talin is an essential mediator of integrin activation, much of the integrin crosstalk would therefore be influenced by talin. However, despite the existence of an extensive body of knowledge on the role of talin in integrin activation and as a stabilizer of ECM-actin linkage, information on its role in regulating inter-integrin communication is limited. This review will focus on the structure of talin, its regulation of integrin activation and discuss its potential role in integrin crosstalk. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Das
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Sujay Ithychanda
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
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38
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Calderwood DA, Campbell ID, Critchley DR. Talins and kindlins: partners in integrin-mediated adhesion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:503-17. [PMID: 23860236 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrin receptors provide a dynamic, tightly-regulated link between the extracellular matrix (or cellular counter-receptors) and intracellular cytoskeletal and signalling networks, enabling cells to sense and respond to their chemical and physical environment. Talins and kindlins, two families of FERM-domain proteins, bind the cytoplasmic tail of integrins, recruit cytoskeletal and signalling proteins involved in mechanotransduction and synergize to activate integrin binding to extracellular ligands. New data reveal the domain structure of full-length talin, provide insights into talin-mediated integrin activation and show that RIAM recruits talin to the plasma membrane, whereas vinculin stabilizes talin in cell-matrix junctions. How kindlins act is less well-defined, but disease-causing mutations show that kindlins are also essential for integrin activation, adhesion, cell spreading and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. david.calderwood@ yale.edu
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39
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Herget M, Scheibinger M, Guo Z, Jan TA, Adams CM, Cheng AG, Heller S. A simple method for purification of vestibular hair cells and non-sensory cells, and application for proteomic analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66026. [PMID: 23750277 PMCID: PMC3672136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive hair cells and supporting cells comprise the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. The paucity of both cell types has hampered molecular and cell biological studies, which often require large quantities of purified cells. Here, we report a strategy allowing the enrichment of relatively pure populations of vestibular hair cells and non-sensory cells including supporting cells. We utilized specific uptake of fluorescent styryl dyes for labeling of hair cells. Enzymatic isolation and flow cytometry was used to generate pure populations of sensory hair cells and non-sensory cells. We applied mass spectrometry to perform a qualitative high-resolution analysis of the proteomic makeup of both the hair cell and non-sensory cell populations. Our conservative analysis identified more than 600 proteins with a false discovery rate of <3% at the protein level and <1% at the peptide level. Analysis of proteins exclusively detected in either population revealed 64 proteins that were specific to hair cells and 103 proteins that were only detectable in non-sensory cells. Statistical analyses extended these groups by 53 proteins that are strongly upregulated in hair cells versus non-sensory cells and vice versa by 68 proteins. Our results demonstrate that enzymatic dissociation of styryl dye-labeled sensory hair cells and non-sensory cells is a valid method to generate pure enough cell populations for flow cytometry and subsequent molecular analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Herget
- Department of Otolaryngology – HNS, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology – HNS, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Zhaohua Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology – HNS, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Taha A. Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology – HNS, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Adams
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alan G. Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology – HNS, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology – HNS, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Yoshikawa HY, Kawano T, Matsuda T, Kidoaki S, Tanaka M. Morphology and Adhesion Strength of Myoblast Cells on Photocurable Gelatin under Native and Non-native Micromechanical Environments. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:4081-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4008224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Y. Yoshikawa
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems,
Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takahito Kawano
- Division of Biomolecular Chemistry,
Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsuda
- Genome Biotechnology Laboratory, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa 924-0838,
Japan
| | - Satoru Kidoaki
- Division of Biomolecular Chemistry,
Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems,
Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Institute for Integrated
Cell-Material
Sciences (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University,
606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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41
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Ghosh S, Kaplan KJ, Schrum LW, Bonkovsky HL. Cytoskeletal proteins: shaping progression of hepatitis C virus-induced liver disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 302:279-319. [PMID: 23351713 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407699-0.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, which results in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in most patients (70-85%), is a major cause of liver disease and remains a major therapeutic challenge. The mechanisms determining liver damage and the key factors that lead to a high rate of CHC remain imperfectly understood. The precise role of cytoskeletal (CS) proteins in HCV infection remains to be determined. Some studies including our recent study have demonstrated that changes occur in the expression of CS proteins in HCV-infected hepatocytes. A variety of host proteins interact with HCV proteins. Association between CS and HCV proteins may have implications in future design of CS protein-targeted therapy for the treatment for HCV infection. This chapter will focus on the interaction between host CS and viral proteins to signify the importance of this event in HCV entry, replication and transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriparna Ghosh
- Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Center, Carolinas Medical Center, and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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42
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Abstract
Cell migration is fundamental to establishing and maintaining the proper organization of multicellular organisms. Morphogenesis can be viewed as a consequence, in part, of cell locomotion, from large-scale migrations of epithelial sheets during gastrulation, to the movement of individual cells during development of the nervous system. In an adult organism, cell migration is essential for proper immune response, wound repair, and tissue homeostasis, while aberrant cell migration is found in various pathologies. Indeed, as our knowledge of migration increases, we can look forward to, for example, abating the spread of highly malignant cancer cells, retarding the invasion of white cells in the inflammatory process, or enhancing the healing of wounds. This article is organized in two main sections. The first section is devoted to the single-cell migrating in isolation such as occurs when leukocytes migrate during the immune response or when fibroblasts squeeze through connective tissue. The second section is devoted to cells collectively migrating as part of multicellular clusters or sheets. This second type of migration is prevalent in development, wound healing, and in some forms of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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A novel membrane-dependent on/off switch mechanism of talin FERM domain at sites of cell adhesion. Cell Res 2012; 22:1533-45. [PMID: 22710802 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of heterodimeric (α/β) integrin transmembrane receptors by cytosolic protein talin is crucial for regulating diverse cell-adhesion-dependent processes, including blood coagulation, tissue remodeling, and cancer metastasis. This process is triggered by the coincident binding of N-terminal FERM (four-point-one-protein/ezrin/radixin/moesin) domain of talin (talin-FERM) to the inner membrane surface and integrin β cytoplasmic tail, but how these binding events are spatiotemporally regulated remains obscure. Here we report the crystal structure of a dormant talin, revealing how a C-terminal talin rod segment (talin-RS) self-masks a key integrin-binding site on talin-FERM via a large interface. Unexpectedly, the structure also reveals a distinct negatively charged surface on talin-RS that electrostatically hinders the talin-FERM binding to the membrane. Such a dual inhibitory topology for talin is consistent with the biochemical and functional data, but differs significantly from a previous model. We show that upon enrichment with phosphotidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) - a known talin activator, membrane strongly attracts a positively charged surface on talin-FERM and simultaneously repels the negatively charged surface on talin-RS. Such an electrostatic "pull-push" process promotes the relief of the dual inhibition of talin-FERM, which differs from the classic "steric clash" model for conventional PIP2-induced FERM domain activation. These data therefore unravel a new type of membrane-dependent FERM domain regulation and illustrate how it mediates the talin on/off switches to regulate integrin transmembrane signaling and cell adhesion.
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Romanova LY, Mushinski JF. Central role of paxillin phosphorylation in regulation of LFA-1 integrins activity and lymphocyte migration. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 5:457-62. [PMID: 22274710 DOI: 10.4161/cam.5.6.18219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated changes of actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion accompany maturation of lymphoid cells, their migration through lymphoid organs and to sites of inflammation, as well as metastasis of transformed cells. Here we discuss the central role of the actin-regulating adaptor protein, paxillin, during lymphocyte transition from a polarized, motile cell phenotype with partially active LFA-1 integrins to a round and immobile one with fully active LFA-1. In Baf3 murine pro-B lymphocytes, the former phenotype is induced by IL-3 that stimulates a FAK-mediated phosphorylation of paxillin at tyrosines (Y) 31 and 118 and a consequent Rac1 activation. Rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton that lead to the cell's acquisition of a spherical shape and LFA-1 activation are achieved upon activation of PKC-δ that binds and directly phosphorylates paxillin at threonine (T) 538 with consequent RhoA activation. This is accompanied by dephosphorylation of paxillin Y31/118 and by Rac1 inactivation. We propose a model of signaling cascades that reflects the interplay between the IL-3- and PKC-δ-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Y Romanova
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Praekelt U, Kopp PM, Rehm K, Linder S, Bate N, Patel B, Debrand E, Manso AM, Ross RS, Conti F, Zhang MZ, Harris RC, Zent R, Critchley DR, Monkley SJ. New isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies reveal different sub-cellular localisations for talin1 and talin2. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:180-91. [PMID: 22306379 PMCID: PMC3629562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Talins are adaptor proteins that connect the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors to cytoskeletal actin. Vertebrates express two closely related talins encoded by separate genes, and while it is well established that talin1 plays a key role in cell adhesion and spreading, little is known about the role of talin2. To facilitate such studies, we report the characterisation of 4 new isoform-specific talin mouse monoclonal antibodies that work in Western blotting, immuno-precipitation, immuno-fluorescence and immuno-histochemistry. Using these antibodies, we show that talin1 and talin2 do not form heterodimers, and that they are differentially localised within the cell. Talin1 was concentrated in peripheral focal adhesions while talin2 was observed in both focal and fibrillar adhesions, and knock-down of talin2 compromised fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Although differentiated human macrophages express both isoforms, only talin1 showed discrete staining and was localised to the ring structure of podosomes. However, siRNA-mediated knock-down of macrophage talin2 led to a significant reduction in podosomal matrix degradation. We have also used the antibodies to localise each isoform in tissue sections using both cryostat and paraffin-embedded material. In skeletal muscle talin2 was localised to both myotendinous junctions and costameres while talin1 was restricted to the former structure. In contrast, both isoforms co-localised in kidney with staining of the glomerulus, and the tubular epithelial and interstitial cells of the cortex and medulla. We anticipate that these antibodies will form a valuable resource for future studies on the function of the two major talin isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Praekelt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Petra M. Kopp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Kerstin Rehm
- University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neil Bate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Bipin Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Emmanuel Debrand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA Healthcare San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Robert S. Ross
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA Healthcare San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Franceso Conti
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, North Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, North Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, North Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - David R. Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Susan J. Monkley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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Interplay of polarity proteins and GTPases in T-lymphocyte function. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:417485. [PMID: 22461835 PMCID: PMC3296228 DOI: 10.1155/2012/417485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Polarity refers to the asymmetric distribution of different cellular components within a cell and is central to many cell functions. In T-cells, polarity regulates the activation, migration, and effector function of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) during an immune response. The regulation of asymmetric cell division by polarity proteins may also dictate CTL effector and memory differentiation following antigen presentation. Small GTPases, along with their associated polarity and adaptor proteins, are critical for mediating the polarity changes necessary for T-cell activation and function, and in turn, are regulated by guanine exchange factors (GEFS) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPS). For example, a novel GEF, dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) was recently identified as a regulator of immune cell function and mutations in DOCK8 have been detected in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. Both B and T-cells from DOCK8 mutant mice form defective immunological synapses and have abnormal functions, in addition to impaired immune memory development. This paper will discuss the interplay between polarity proteins and GTPases, and their role in T-cell function.
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Burridge K. Keith Burridge: cultivating knowledge on Rho. Interview by Caitlin Sedwick. J Cell Biol 2012; 196:4-5. [PMID: 22232699 PMCID: PMC3255973 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.1961pi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Burridge studies how Rho proteins regulate everything from focal adhesions to leukocyte migration.
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Kopp PM, Bate N, Hansen TM, Brindle NPJ, Praekelt U, Debrand E, Coleman S, Mazzeo D, Goult BT, Gingras AR, Pritchard CA, Critchley DR, Monkley SJ. Studies on the morphology and spreading of human endothelial cells define key inter- and intramolecular interactions for talin1. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 89:661-73. [PMID: 20605055 PMCID: PMC2958305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin binds to and activates integrins and is thought to couple them to cytoskeletal actin. However, functional studies on talin have been restricted by the fact that most cells express two talin isoforms. Here we show that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express only talin1, and that talin1 knockdown inhibited focal adhesion (FA) assembly preventing the cells from maintaining a spread morphology, a phenotype that was rescued by GFP-mouse talin1. Thus HUVEC offer an ideal model system in which to conduct talin structure/function studies. Talin contains an N-terminal FERM domain (comprised of F1, F2 and F3 domains) and a C-terminal flexible rod. The F3 FERM domain binds β-integrin tails, and mutations in F3 that inhibited integrin binding (W359A) or activation (L325R) severely compromised the ability of GFP-talin1 to rescue the talin1 knockdown phenotype despite the presence of a second integrin-binding site in the talin rod. The talin rod contains several actin-binding sites (ABS), and mutations in the C-terminal ABS that reduced actin-binding impaired talin1 function, whereas those that increased binding resulted in more stable FAs. The results show that both the N-terminal integrin and C-terminal actin-binding functions of talin are essential to cell spreading and FA assembly. Finally, mutations that relieve talin auto-inhibition resulted in the rapid and excessive production of FA, highlighting the importance of talin regulation within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra M Kopp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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50
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Takahashi R, Sonoda H, Tabata Y, Hisada A. Formation of hepatocyte spheroids with structural polarity and functional bile canaliculi using nanopillar sheets. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1983-95. [PMID: 20100035 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a method for controlling the spheroid formation of adult rat primary hepatocytes simply by optimizing the pillar diameters and patterns of nanopillar sheets. To investigate the effects of the pillar parameters on the spheroid formation, rat primary hepatocytes were cultured on nanopillar sheets with pillars that had one of five different diameters and that had been precoated with a solution containing one of two different concentrations of type I collagen. Spheroids with a compact morphology that were adhesive to the substratum and had an optimal size (50 to 100 microm) were obtained using a sheet with a pillar diameter of 2.0 microm that was precoated with 100 ng/mL of type I collagen solution. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the spheroids had a structure similar to that of native liver tissue. We then assessed the effect of overlaying reconstituted spheroids with Matrigel with the aim of achieving a simulated in vivo environment. The mRNA expression levels of MRP2, albumin, and P450-3A3 for spheroids determined by semiquantitative real-time PCR were significantly higher than those for spheroids cultured without the Matrigel overlay or for hepatocytes cultured using a conventional two-dimensional method. The spheroids obtained exhibited higher structural polarity and functional bile canaliculi compared with hepatocytes cultured using a conventional two-dimensional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takahashi
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
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