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Zhang X, Li A, Zhu Y, Liu F, Zhao D, Tang H, Xu C. Effect of stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 (SCD1) on the function of mast cells. J Asthma 2024; 61:707-716. [PMID: 38315158 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2303749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of childhood asthma and obesity is increasing, while obesity increases the risk and severity of asthma. Lipid metabolism has been considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated asthma. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the production of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA).Methods: In the present study, the microarray data retrieved from the Gene Expression Comprehensive Database (GEO) was analyzed to further clarify the impact of SCD1 on Mast cell activation related lipid mediators and the correlation between SCD1 and obesity asthma in the population.Results: SCD1 was highly expressed in IgE-activated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Meanwhile, SCD1 was also verified expressed highly in dinitrophenyl human serum albumin (DNP-HAS) stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. The expression of SCD1 was up-regulated in peripheral blood leukocytes of asthmatic children, and was positively correlated with skinfold thickness of upper arm, abdominal skinfold and body mass index (BMI). Inhibition of SCD1 expression significantly suppressed the degranulation, lipid mediator production, as well as the migration ability in DNP-HAS-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells.Conclusion: SCD1 is involved in obese-related asthma through regulating mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changdi Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Bazgir F, Nau J, Nakhaei-Rad S, Amin E, Wolf MJ, Saucerman JJ, Lorenz K, Ahmadian MR. The Microenvironment of the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2023; 12:1780. [PMID: 37443814 PMCID: PMC10341218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a key risk factor for the development of heart failure and predisposes individuals to cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. While physiological cardiac hypertrophy is adaptive, hypertrophy resulting from conditions comprising hypertension, aortic stenosis, or genetic mutations, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is maladaptive. Here, we highlight the essential role and reciprocal interactions involving both cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells in response to pathological conditions. Prolonged cardiovascular stress causes cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells to enter an activated state releasing numerous pro-hypertrophic, pro-fibrotic, and pro-inflammatory mediators such as vasoactive hormones, growth factors, and cytokines, i.e., commencing signaling events that collectively cause cardiac hypertrophy. Fibrotic remodeling is mediated by cardiac fibroblasts as the central players, but also endothelial cells and resident and infiltrating immune cells enhance these processes. Many of these hypertrophic mediators are now being integrated into computational models that provide system-level insights and will help to translate our knowledge into new pharmacological targets. This perspective article summarizes the last decades' advances in cardiac hypertrophy research and discusses the herein-involved complex myocardial microenvironment and signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Bazgir
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Julia Nau
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Stem Cell Biology, and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Ehsan Amin
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Jeffry J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
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3
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Mast Cells and Interleukins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214004. [PMID: 36430483 PMCID: PMC9697830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play a critical role in inflammatory diseases and tumor growth. The versatility of mast cells is reflected in their ability to secrete a wide range of biologically active cytokines, including interleukins, chemokines, lipid mediators, proteases, and biogenic amines. The aim of this review article is to analyze the complex involvement of mast cells in the secretion of interleukins and the role of interleukins in the regulation of biological activities of mast cells.
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4
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Salter B, Lacy P, Mukherjee M. Biologics in Asthma: A Molecular Perspective to Precision Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:793409. [PMID: 35126131 PMCID: PMC8807637 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.793409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in therapeutic strategies have provided alternatives to corticosteroids as the cornerstone treatment for managing airway inflammation in asthma. The past two decades have witnessed a tremendous boost in the development of anti-cytokine monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for the management of severe asthma. Novel biologics that target eosinophilic inflammation (or type 2, T2 inflammation) have been the most successful at treating asthma symptoms, though there are a few in the drug development pipeline for treating non-eosinophilic or T2-low asthma. There has been significant improvement in clinical outcomes for asthmatics treated with currently available monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) E, anti-interleukin (IL)-4 receptor α subunit, anti-IL-5, anti-IL-5Rα, anti-IL-6, anti-IL-33, and anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Despite these initiatives in precision medicine for asthma therapy, a significant disease burden remains, as evident from modest reduction of exacerbation rates, i.e., approximately 40-60%. There are numerous studies that highlight predictors of good responses to these biologics, but few have focused on those who fail to respond adequately despite targeted treatment. Phenotyping asthmatics based on blood eosinophils is proving to be inadequate for choosing the right drug for the right patient. It is therefore pertinent to understand the underlying immunology, and perhaps, carry out immune endotyping of patients before prescribing appropriate drugs. This review summarizes the immunology of asthma, the cytokines or receptors currently targeted, the possible mechanisms of sub-optimal responses, and the importance of determining the immune make-up of individual patients prior to prescribing mAb therapy, in the age of precision medicine for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Salter
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paige Lacy
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Manali Mukherjee
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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5
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Voss M, Kotrba J, Gaffal E, Katsoulis-Dimitriou K, Dudeck A. Mast Cells in the Skin: Defenders of Integrity or Offenders in Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094589. [PMID: 33925601 PMCID: PMC8123885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are best-known as key effector cells of immediate-type allergic reactions that may even culminate in life-threatening anaphylactic shock syndromes. However, strategically positioned at the host–environment interfaces and equipped with a plethora of receptors, MCs also play an important role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Their main characteristic, the huge amount of preformed proinflammatory mediators embedded in secretory granules, allows for a rapid response and initiation of further immune effector cell recruitment. The same mechanism, however, may account for detrimental overshooting responses. MCs are not only detrimental in MC-driven diseases but also responsible for disease exacerbation in other inflammatory disorders. Focusing on the skin as the largest immune organ, we herein review both beneficial and detrimental functions of skin MCs, from skin barrier integrity via host defense mechanisms to MC-driven inflammatory skin disorders. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of IgE-independent pathways of MC activation and their role in sustained chronic skin inflammation and disease exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Voss
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Johanna Kotrba
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Evelyn Gaffal
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Katsoulis-Dimitriou
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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6
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Magrone T, Magrone M, Jirillo E. Mast Cells as a Double Edged Sword in Immunity: Disorders of Mast Cell Activation and Therapeutic Management. Second of Two Parts. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:670-686. [PMID: 31789136 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191202121644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) bear many receptors that allow them to respond to a variety of exogenous and endogenous stimuli. However, MC function is dual since they can initiate pathological events or protect the host against infectious challenges. The role of MCs in disease will be analyzed in a broad sense, describing cellular and molecular mechanisms related to their involvement in auto-inflammatory diseases, asthma, autoimmune diseases and cancer. On the other hand, their protective role in the course of bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections will also be illustrated. As far as treatment of MC-derived diseases is concerned, allergen immunotherapy as well as other attempts to reduce MC-activation will be outlined according to the recent data. Finally, in agreement with current literature and our own data polyphenols have been demonstrated to attenuate type I allergic reactions and contact dermatitis in response to nickel. The use of polyphenols in these diseases will be discussed also in view of MC involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Manrico Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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7
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Paivandy A, Pejler G. Novel Strategies to Target Mast Cells in Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:131-147. [PMID: 33582673 DOI: 10.1159/000513582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are versatile effector cells of the immune system, characterized by a large content of secretory granules containing a variety of inflammatory mediators. They are implicated in the host protection toward various external insults, but are mostly well known for their detrimental impact on a variety of pathological conditions, including allergic disorders such as asthma and a range of additional disease settings. Based on this, there is currently a large demand for therapeutic regimens that can dampen the detrimental impact of MCs in these respective pathological conditions. This can be accomplished by several strategies, including targeting of individual mediators released by MCs, blockade of receptors for MC-released compounds, inhibition of MC activation, limiting mast cell growth or by inducing mast cell apoptosis. Here, we review the currently available and emerging regimens to interfere with harmful mast cell activities in asthma and other pathological settings and discuss the advantages and limitations of such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Sun X, Acquah C, Gazme B, Boachie RT, Nwachukwu ID, Udenigwe CC. Mechanisms of plastein formation influence the IgE-binding activity of egg white protein hydrolysates after simulated static digestion. Food Chem 2020; 345:128783. [PMID: 33316714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Egg is the second most common food allergen among infants and young children. This work investigated the influence of plastein reaction on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding activities of egg white protein hydrolysates after simulated gastrointestinal (GIT) digestion. Compared to hydrolysate precursors, the IgE-binding activity of Pepsin-Plastein significantly decreased from 35 ± 7% to 8 ± 2% (P < 0.05), and Papain-Plastein from 70 ± 5% to 59 ± 4%. Further GIT hydrolysis of Pepsin-Plastein maintained the reduced IgE-binding activity (7 ± 3%) whereas Papain-Plastein digestion restored the IgE-binding reactivity to 66 ± 7%. This discrepancy is related to the different mechanisms of plastein formation. Covalent modifications (decreased free amino nitrogen and sulfhydryl contents) provided biostability for Pepsin-Plastein, whereas hydrophobic interactions (increased surface hydrophobicity) mainly contributed to Papain-Plastein formation. The latter can be destroyed during GIT digestion leading to re-exposure of hidden IgE-binding epitopes. Taken together, plastein reaction is a promising strategy for inducing structural modifications that reduce the immune reactivity of allergenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Sun
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Caleb Acquah
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Behzad Gazme
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Food Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
| | - Ruth T Boachie
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ifeanyi D Nwachukwu
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Chibuike C Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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9
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are well known for their role in allergic conditions. This cell can be activated by various types of secretagogues, ranging from a small chemical to a huge protein. Mast cell activation by secretagogues triggers the increase in intracellular calcium (iCa2+) concentration, granule trafficking, and exocytosis. Activated mast cells release their intra-granular pre-stored mediator or the newly synthesized mediator in the exocytosis process, in the form of degranulation or secretion. There are at least three types of exocytosis in mast cells, which are suggested to contribute to the release of different mediators, i.e.,, piecemeal, kiss-and-run, and compound exocytosis. The status of mast cells, i.e., activated or resting, is often determined by measuring the concentration of the released mediator such as histamine or β-hexosaminidase. This review summarizes several mast cell components that have been and are generally used as mast cell activation indicator, from the classical histamine and β-hexosaminidase measurement, to eicosanoid and granule trafficking observation. Basic principle of the component determination is also explained with their specified research application and purpose. The information will help to predict the experiment results with a certain study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Curcumin Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univeristas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Takeshi Kiyoi
- Division of Analytical Bio-medicine, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University , Toon, Ehime, Japan
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10
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Yao M, Ventura PB, Jiang Y, Rodriguez FJ, Wang L, Perry JSA, Yang Y, Wahl K, Crittenden RB, Bennett ML, Qi L, Gong CC, Li XN, Barres BA, Bender TP, Ravichandran KS, Janes KA, Eberhart CG, Zong H. Astrocytic trans-Differentiation Completes a Multicellular Paracrine Feedback Loop Required for Medulloblastoma Tumor Growth. Cell 2020; 180:502-520.e19. [PMID: 31983537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor progression. However, the establishment and function of the TME remain obscure because of its complex cellular composition. Using a mouse genetic system called mosaic analysis with double markers (MADMs), we delineated TME evolution at single-cell resolution in sonic hedgehog (SHH)-activated medulloblastomas that originate from unipotent granule neuron progenitors in the brain. First, we found that astrocytes within the TME (TuAstrocytes) were trans-differentiated from tumor granule neuron precursors (GNPs), which normally never differentiate into astrocytes. Second, we identified that TME-derived IGF1 promotes tumor progression. Third, we uncovered that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is produced by tumor-associated microglia in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulation. Finally, we found that IL-4 is secreted by TuAstrocytes. Collectively, our studies reveal an evolutionary process that produces a multi-lateral network within the TME of medulloblastoma: a fraction of tumor cells trans-differentiate into TuAstrocytes, which, in turn, produce IL-4 that stimulates microglia to produce IGF1 to promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojin Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - P Britten Ventura
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yibo Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kelsey Wahl
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Rowena B Crittenden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mariko L Bennett
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lin Qi
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cong-Cong Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy P Bender
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hui Zong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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11
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Tensin1 expression and function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18942. [PMID: 31831813 PMCID: PMC6908681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Genome wide association studies have shown significant associations between airflow obstruction or COPD with a non-synonymous SNP in the TNS1 gene, which encodes tensin1. However, the expression, cellular distribution and function of tensin1 in human airway tissue and cells are unknown. We therefore examined these characteristics in tissue and cells from controls and people with COPD or asthma. Airway tissue was immunostained for tensin1. Tensin1 expression in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) was evaluated using qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. siRNAs were used to downregulate tensin1 expression. Tensin1 expression was increased in the airway smooth muscle and lamina propria in COPD tissue, but not asthma, when compared to controls. Tensin1 was expressed in HASMCs and upregulated by TGFβ1. TGFβ1 and fibronectin increased the localisation of tensin1 to fibrillar adhesions. Tensin1 and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) were strongly co-localised, and tensin1 depletion in HASMCs attenuated both αSMA expression and contraction of collagen gels. In summary, tensin1 expression is increased in COPD airways, and may promote airway obstruction by enhancing the expression of contractile proteins and their localisation to stress fibres in HASMCs.
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Effect of Rhus verniciflua Extract on IgE-Antigen-Mediated Allergic Reaction in Rat Basophilic Leukemic RBL-2H3 Mast Cells and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6497691. [PMID: 31687037 PMCID: PMC6811800 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6497691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua is widely known for its antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and antiaging efficacy and α-glucosidase inhibition. This study was designed whether Rhus verniciflua extracts inhibit the IgE-antigen-mediated allergic reaction in RBL-2H3 mast cells, and it further investigated the FcεRI- and arachidonate-signaling by which Rhus verniciflua extracts exert its antiallergic effects. IgE-antigen-sensitized RBL-2H3 mast cells were investigated for the cytotoxicity of Rhus verniciflua extracts and β-hexosaminidase release, and inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, histamine, and PGD2) were then assessed. Additionally, we examined expressions of genes involved in arachidonate- and FcεRI-signaling pathway in RBL-2H3. Rhus verniciflua extracts inhibited β-hexosaminidase release and production of the inflammatory mediators in RBL-2H3. Rhus verniciflua extracts reduced amounts of histamine and expressions of FcεRI signaling-related genes such as Lyn and Syk and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in mast cells. Finally, in late allergic responses, Rhus verniciflua extracts reduced PGD2 release and COX-2 and cPLA2 phosphorylation expressions from IgE-antigen-mediated mast cells. Lastly, 250–500 mg/kg RVE significantly attenuated the Ag/IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice. These findings provide novel information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiallergy properties of Rhus verniciflua extracts in FcɛRI-mediated allergic reaction.
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13
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Zwinderman MRH, de Weerd S, Dekker FJ. Targeting HDAC Complexes in Asthma and COPD. EPIGENOMES 2019; 3:19. [PMID: 34968229 PMCID: PMC8594684 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Around three million patients die due to airway inflammatory diseases each year. The most notable of these diseases are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, new therapies are urgently needed. Promising targets are histone deacetylases (HDACs), since they regulate posttranslational protein acetylation. Over a thousand proteins are reversibly acetylated, and acetylation critically influences aberrant intracellular signaling pathways in asthma and COPD. The diverse set of selective and non-selective HDAC inhibitors used in pre-clinical models of airway inflammation show promising results, but several challenges still need to be overcome. One such challenge is the design of HDAC inhibitors with unique selectivity profiles, such as selectivity towards specific HDAC complexes. Novel strategies to disrupt HDAC complexes should be developed to validate HDACs further as targets for new anti-inflammatory pulmonary treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank J. Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands (M.R.H.Z.) (S.d.W.)
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14
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Kassem KM, Ali M, Rhaleb NE. Interleukin 4: Its Role in Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Valvular, and Nonvalvular Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 25:7-14. [PMID: 31401864 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419868699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major physiological risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and it affects more than 1 billion adults worldwide, killing 9 million people every year according to World Health Organization. Also, hypertension is associated with increased risk of kidney disease and stroke. Studying the risk factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension is key to preventing and controlling hypertension. Numerous laboratories around to globe are very active pursuing research studies to delineate the factors, such as the role of immune system, which could contribute to hypertension. There are studies that were conducted on immune-deficient mice for which experimentally induced hypertension has been ameliorated. Thus, there are possibilities that immune reactivity could be associated with the development of certain type of hypertension. Furthermore, interleukin 4 has been associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension, which could lead to right ventricular remodeling. Also, the immune system is involved in valvular and nonvalvular cardiac remodeling. It has been demonstrated that there is a causative relationship between different interleukins and cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal M Kassem
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mahboob Ali
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nour-Eddine Rhaleb
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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15
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Méndez-Enríquez E, Hallgren J. Mast Cells and Their Progenitors in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:821. [PMID: 31191511 PMCID: PMC6548814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells and their mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergy for decades. Allergic asthma is a complex chronic lung disease in which several different immune cells, genetic factors and environmental exposures influence the pathology. Mast cells are key players in the asthmatic response through secretion of a multitude of mediators with pro-inflammatory and airway-constrictive effects. Well-known mast cell mediators, such as histamine and bioactive lipids are responsible for many of the physiological effects observed in the acute phase of allergic reactions. The accumulation of mast cells at particular sites of the allergic lung is likely relevant to the asthma phenotype, severity and progression. Mast cells located in different compartments in the lung and airways have different characteristics and express different mediators. According to in vivo experiments in mice, lung mast cells develop from mast cell progenitors induced by inflammatory stimuli to migrate to the airways. Human mast cell progenitors have been identified in the blood circulation. A high frequency of circulating human mast cell progenitors may reflect ongoing pathological changes in the allergic lung. In allergic asthma, mast cells become activated mainly via IgE-mediated crosslinking of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) with allergens. However, mast cells can also be activated by numerous other stimuli e.g. toll-like receptors and MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X2. In this review, we summarize research with implications on the role and development of mast cells and their progenitors in allergic asthma and cover selected activation pathways and mast cell mediators that have been implicated in the pathogenesis. The review places an emphasis on describing mechanisms identified using in vivo mouse models and data obtained by analysis of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Méndez-Enríquez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hallgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Harms RZ, Borengasser K, Kumar V, Sarvetnick N. Anti-human Interleukin(IL)-4 Clone 8D4-8 Cross-Reacts With Myosin-9 Associated With Apoptotic Cells and Should Not Be Used for Flow Cytometry Applications Querying IL-4 Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:46. [PMID: 31024909 PMCID: PMC6465524 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin(IL)-4 is produced by T cells and other leukocytes and is a critical mediator of monocyte and B cell responses. During routine flow cytometry panel validation for the investigation of intracellular cytokines, we observed unique IL-4 expression patterns associated with the widely available monoclonal antibody 8D4-8. Namely, IL-4 (8D4-8) expression was observed in the absence of cellular activation and enhanced following staurosporine exposure. Mass spectrometry analysis of immunoprecipitates from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) revealed that 8D4-8 cross-reacts with the ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein myosin-9. We confirmed these results by western blotting immunoprecipitates, using immunofluorescence among staurosporine-treated Caco-2 cells, and by surface-labeling PBL for 8D4-8 and myosin-9 and analyzing by flow cytometry. Although previously reported from several independent groups, we found no evidence to support the hypothesis that IL-4 is produced by apoptotic cells. Rather, this appears to have been myosin-9. Our data indicate clone 8D4-8 should not be used in the flow cytometric study of IL-4. Furthermore, our work calls for a reevaluation of previous flow cytometric studies that have used this clone for IL-4 analysis and highlights the importance of validation in antibody-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Z Harms
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kiana Borengasser
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Nora Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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17
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Abstract
Fibrosis is a medical condition characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix compounds such as collagen in tissues. Fibrotic lesions are present in many diseases and can affect all organs. The excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in these conditions can often have serious consequences and in many cases be life-threatening. A typical event seen in many fibrotic conditions is a profound accumulation of mast cells (MCs), suggesting that these cells can contribute to the pathology. Indeed, there is now substantialv evidence pointing to an important role of MCs in fibrotic disease. However, investigations from various clinical settings and different animal models have arrived at partly contradictory conclusions as to how MCs affect fibrosis, with many studies suggesting a detrimental role of MCs whereas others suggest that MCs can be protective. Here, we review the current knowledge of how MCs can affect fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Mukai K, Tsai M, Saito H, Galli SJ. Mast cells as sources of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Immunol Rev 2019; 282:121-150. [PMID: 29431212 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are hematopoietic cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues and that represent potential sources of a wide variety of biologically active secreted products, including diverse cytokines and growth factors. There is strong evidence for important non-redundant roles of mast cells in many types of innate or adaptive immune responses, including making important contributions to immediate and chronic IgE-associated allergic disorders and enhancing host resistance to certain venoms and parasites. However, mast cells have been proposed to influence many other biological processes, including responses to bacteria and virus, angiogenesis, wound healing, fibrosis, autoimmune and metabolic disorders, and cancer. The potential functions of mast cells in many of these settings is thought to reflect their ability to secrete, upon appropriate activation by a range of immune or non-immune stimuli, a broad spectrum of cytokines (including many chemokines) and growth factors, with potential autocrine, paracrine, local, and systemic effects. In this review, we summarize the evidence indicating which cytokines and growth factors can be produced by various populations of rodent and human mast cells in response to particular immune or non-immune stimuli, and comment on the proven or potential roles of such mast cell products in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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19
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Ravindran A, Rönnberg E, Dahlin JS, Mazzurana L, Säfholm J, Orre AC, Al-Ameri M, Peachell P, Adner M, Dahlén SE, Mjösberg J, Nilsson G. An Optimized Protocol for the Isolation and Functional Analysis of Human Lung Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2193. [PMID: 30344519 PMCID: PMC6183502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mast cells are tissue-resident inflammatory cells defined by their high granularity and surface expression of the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, and CD117/KIT, the receptor for stem cell factor (SCF). There is a considerable heterogeneity among mast cells, both phenotypically and functionally. Human mast cells are generally divided into two main subtypes based on their protease content; the mucosa-associated MCT (tryptase positive and chymase negative mast cell) and the connective tissue associated-residing MCTC (tryptase and chymase positive mast cell). Human lung mast cells exhibit heterogeneity in terms of cellular size, expression of cell surface receptors, and secreted mediators. However, knowledge about human lung mast cell heterogeneity is restricted to studies using immunohistochemistry or purified mast cells. Whereas the former is limited by the number of cellular markers that can be analyzed simultaneously, the latter suffers from issues related to cell yield. Aim: To develop a protocol that enables isolation of human lung mast cells at high yields for analysis of functional properties and detailed analysis using single-cell based analyses of protein (flow cytometry) or RNA (RNA-sequencing) expression. Methods: Mast cells were isolated from human lung tissue by a sequential combination of washing, enzymatic digestion, mechanical disruption, and density centrifugation using Percoll (WEMP). As a comparison, we also isolated mast cells using a conventional enzyme-based protocol. The isolated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: We observed a significant increase in the yield of total human lung CD45+ immune cells and an even more pronounced increase in the yield of CD117+ mast cells with the WEMP protocol in comparison to the conventional protocols. In contrast, the frequency of the rare lymphocyte subset innate lymphoid cells group 2 (ILC2) did not differ between the two methods. Conclusion: The described WEMP protocol results in a significant increase in the yield of human lung mast cells compared to a conventional protocol. Additionally, the WEMP protocol enables simultaneous isolation of different immune cell populations such as lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes while retaining their surface marker expression that can be used for advanced single-cell analyses including multi-color flow cytometry and RNA-sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Ravindran
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim S Dahlin
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Mazzurana
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Säfholm
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Orre
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mamdoh Al-Ameri
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Peachell
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mikael Adner
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Siddiqui S, Shikotra A, Richardson M, Doran E, Choy D, Bell A, Austin CD, Eastham-Anderson J, Hargadon B, Arron JR, Wardlaw A, Brightling CE, Heaney LG, Bradding P. Airway pathological heterogeneity in asthma: Visualization of disease microclusters using topological data analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1457-1468. [PMID: 29550052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex chronic disease underpinned by pathological changes within the airway wall. How variations in structural airway pathology and cellular inflammation contribute to the expression and severity of asthma are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Therefore we evaluated pathological heterogeneity using topological data analysis (TDA) with the aim of visualizing disease clusters and microclusters. METHODS A discovery population of 202 adult patients (142 asthmatic patients and 60 healthy subjects) and an external replication population (59 patients with severe asthma) were evaluated. Pathology and gene expression were examined in bronchial biopsy samples. TDA was applied by using pathological variables alone to create pathology-driven visual networks. RESULTS In the discovery cohort TDA identified 4 groups/networks with multiple microclusters/regions of interest that were masked by group-level statistics. Specifically, TDA group 1 consisted of a high proportion of healthy subjects, with a microcluster representing a topological continuum connecting healthy subjects to patients with mild-to-moderate asthma. Three additional TDA groups with moderate-to-severe asthma (Airway Smooth MuscleHigh, Reticular Basement MembraneHigh, and RemodelingLow groups) were identified and contained numerous microclusters with varying pathological and clinical features. Mutually exclusive TH2 and TH17 tissue gene expression signatures were identified in all pathological groups. Discovery and external replication applied to the severe asthma subgroup identified only highly similar "pathological data shapes" through analyses of persistent homology. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and replicated novel pathological phenotypes of asthma using TDA. Our methodology is applicable to other complex chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Siddiqui
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Aarti Shikotra
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Richardson
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alex Bell
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Beverley Hargadon
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Wardlaw
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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21
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Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Lerner EA. Role of mast cells and basophils in pruritus. Immunol Rev 2018; 282:248-264. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Translational Research Institute; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar; Doha Qatar
- Medical School; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
- Department Of Dermatology and UCD Charles Institute for Translational Dermatology; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Jörg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Translational Research Institute; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Ethan A. Lerner
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Department of Dermatology; Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Charlestown MA USA
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22
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Roach KM, Sutcliffe A, Matthews L, Elliott G, Newby C, Amrani Y, Bradding P. A model of human lung fibrogenesis for the assessment of anti-fibrotic strategies in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:342. [PMID: 29321510 PMCID: PMC5762721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. KCa3.1 ion channels play a critical role in TGFβ1-dependent pro-fibrotic responses in human lung myofibroblasts. We aimed to develop a human lung parenchymal model of fibrogenesis and test the efficacy of the selective KCa3.1 blocker senicapoc. 2 mm3 pieces of human lung parenchyma were cultured for 7 days in DMEM ± TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml) and pro-fibrotic pathways examined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and collagen secretion. Following 7 days of culture with TGFβ1, 41 IPF- and fibrosis-associated genes were significantly upregulated. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated increased expression of ECM proteins and fibroblast-specific protein after TGFβ1-stimulation. Collagen secretion was significantly increased following TGFβ1-stimulation. These pro-fibrotic responses were attenuated by senicapoc, but not by dexamethasone. This 7 day ex vivo model of human lung fibrogenesis recapitulates pro-fibrotic events evident in IPF and is sensitive to KCa3.1 channel inhibition. By maintaining the complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of human tissue, and removing cross-species heterogeneity, this model may better predict drug efficacy in clinical trials and accelerate drug development in IPF. KCa3.1 channels are a promising target for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy M Roach
- Institute for Lung Health, Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Amanda Sutcliffe
- Institute for Lung Health, Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura Matthews
- Institute for Lung Health, Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gill Elliott
- Institute for Lung Health, Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Chris Newby
- Institute for Lung Health, Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yassine Amrani
- Institute for Lung Health, Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Peter Bradding
- Institute for Lung Health, Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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23
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Rostam HM, Reynolds PM, Alexander MR, Gadegaard N, Ghaemmaghami AM. Image based Machine Learning for identification of macrophage subsets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3521. [PMID: 28615717 PMCID: PMC5471192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial rule in orchestrating immune responses against pathogens and foreign materials. Macrophages have remarkable plasticity in response to environmental cues and are able to acquire a spectrum of activation status, best exemplified by pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes at the two ends of the spectrum. Characterisation of M1 and M2 subsets is usually carried out by quantification of multiple cell surface markers, transcription factors and cytokine profiles. These approaches are time-consuming, require large numbers of cells and are resource intensive. In this study, we used machine learning algorithms to develop a simple and fast imaging-based approach that enables automated identification of different macrophage functional phenotypes using their cell size and morphology. Fluorescent microscopy was used to assess cell morphology of different cell types which were stained for nucleus and actin distribution using DAPI and phalloidin respectively. By only analysing their morphology we were able to identify M1 and M2 phenotypes effectively and could distinguish them from naïve macrophages and monocytes with an average accuracy of 90%. Thus we suggest high-content and automated image analysis can be used for fast phenotyping of functionally diverse cell populations with reasonable accuracy and without the need for using multiple markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Rostam
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Department of Biology, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Paul M Reynolds
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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24
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Burton OT, Tamayo JM, Stranks AJ, Koleoglou KJ, Oettgen HC. Allergen-specific IgG antibody signaling through FcγRIIb promotes food tolerance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:189-201.e3. [PMID: 28479335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with food allergy produce high-titer IgE antibodies that bind to mast cells through FcεRI and trigger immediate hypersensitivity reactions on antigen encounter. Food-specific IgG antibodies arise in the setting of naturally resolving food allergy and accompany the acquisition of food allergen unresponsiveness in oral immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE In this study we sought to delineate the effects of IgG and its inhibitory Fc receptor, FcγRIIb, on both de novo allergen sensitization in naive animals and on established immune responses in the setting of pre-existing food allergy. METHODS Allergen-specific IgG was administered to mice undergoing sensitization and desensitization to the model food allergen ovalbumin. Cellular and molecular mechanisms were interrogated by using mast cell- and FcγRIIb-deficient mice. The requirement for FcγRII in IgG-mediated inhibition of human mast cells was investigated by using a neutralizing antibody. RESULTS Administration of specific IgG to food allergy-prone IL4raF709 mice during initial food exposure prevented the development of IgE antibodies, TH2 responses, and anaphylactic responses on challenge. When given as an adjunct to oral desensitization in mice with established IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, IgG facilitated tolerance restoration, favoring expansion of forkhead box protein 3-positive regulatory T cells along with suppression of existing TH2 and IgE responses. IgG and FcγRIIb suppress adaptive allergic responses through effects on mast cell function. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that allergen-specific IgG antibodies can act to induce and sustain immunologic tolerance to foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Burton
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Jaciel M Tamayo
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Amanda J Stranks
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Kyle J Koleoglou
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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25
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Shikotra A, Choy DF, Siddiqui S, Arthur G, Nagarkar DR, Jia G, Wright AKA, Ohri CM, Doran E, Butler CA, Hargadon B, Abbas AR, Jackman J, Wu LC, Heaney LG, Arron JR, Bradding P. A CEACAM6-High Airway Neutrophil Phenotype and CEACAM6-High Epithelial Cells Are Features of Severe Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3307-3317. [PMID: 28275137 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma represents a major unmet clinical need; understanding the pathophysiology is essential for the development of new therapies. Using microarray analysis, we previously found three immunological clusters in asthma: Th2-high, Th17-high, and Th2/17-low. Although new therapies are emerging for Th2-high disease, identifying molecular pathways in Th2-low disease remains an important goal. Further interrogation of our previously described microarray dataset revealed upregulation of gene expression for carcinoembryonic Ag cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family members in the bronchi of patients with severe asthma. Our aim was therefore to explore the distribution and cellular localization of CEACAM6 using immunohistochemistry on bronchial biopsy tissue obtained from patients with mild-to-severe asthma and healthy control subjects. Human bronchial epithelial cells were used to investigate cytokine and corticosteroid in vitro regulation of CEACAM6 gene expression. CEACAM6 protein expression in bronchial biopsies was increased in airway epithelial cells and lamina propria inflammatory cells in severe asthma compared with healthy control subjects. CEACAM6 in the lamina propria was localized to neutrophils predominantly. Neutrophil density in the bronchial mucosa was similar across health and the spectrum of asthma severity, but the percentage of neutrophils expressing CEACAM6 was significantly increased in severe asthma, suggesting the presence of an altered neutrophil phenotype. CEACAM6 gene expression in cultured epithelial cells was upregulated by wounding and neutrophil elastase. In summary, CEACAM6 expression is increased in severe asthma and primarily associated with airway epithelial cells and tissue neutrophils. CEACAM6 may contribute to the pathology of treatment-resistant asthma via neutrophil and airway epithelial cell-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Shikotra
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | | | - Salman Siddiqui
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Greer Arthur
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | | | - Guiquan Jia
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Adam K A Wright
- University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; and
| | - Chandra M Ohri
- University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; and
| | - Emma Doran
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Claire A Butler
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Beverley Hargadon
- University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Lawren C Wu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom;
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26
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Kim HK. The roles of mast cells in allergic inflammation and mast cell-related disorders. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2017. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2017.5.5.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyoo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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27
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von Muenchow L, Tsapogas P, Albertí-Servera L, Capoferri G, Doelz M, Rolink H, Bosco N, Ceredig R, Rolink AG. Pro-B cells propagated in stromal cell-free cultures reconstitute functional B-cell compartments in immunodeficient mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:394-405. [PMID: 27925658 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Up to now long-term in vitro growth of pro-B cells was thought to require stromal cells. However, here we show that fetal liver (FL) and bone marrow (BM) derived pro-B cells can be propagated long-term in stromal cell-free cultures supplemented with IL-7, stem cell factor and FLT3 ligand. Within a week, most cells expressed surface CD19, CD79A, λ5, and VpreB antigens and had rearranged immunoglobulin D-J heavy chain genes. Both FL and BM pro-B cells reconstituted the B-cell compartments of immuno-incompetent Rag2-deficient mice, with FL pro-B cells generating follicular, marginal zone (MZB) and B1a B cells, and BM pro-B cells giving rise mainly to MZB cells. Reconstituted Rag2-deficient mice generated significant levels of IgM and IgG antibodies to a type II T-independent antigen; mice reconstituted with FL pro-B cells generated surprisingly high IgG1 titers. Finally, we show for the first time that mice reconstituted with mixtures of pro-B and pro-T cells propagated in stromal cell-free in vitro cultures mounted a T-cell-dependent antibody response. This novel stromal cell-free culture system facilitates our understanding of B-cell development and might be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly von Muenchow
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Panagiotis Tsapogas
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Llucia Albertí-Servera
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Capoferri
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Doelz
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Molecular Immune Regulation, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannie Rolink
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rhodri Ceredig
- Discipline of Physiology, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - Antonius G Rolink
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Berker M, Frank LJ, Geßner AL, Grassl N, Holtermann AV, Höppner S, Kraef C, Leclaire MD, Maier P, Messerer DAC, Möhrmann L, Nieke JP, Schoch D, Soll D, Woopen CMP. Allergies - A T cells perspective in the era beyond the T H1/T H2 paradigm. Clin Immunol 2016; 174:73-83. [PMID: 27847316 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases have emerged as a major health care burden, especially in the western hemisphere. They are defined by overshooting reactions of an aberrant immune system to harmless exogenous stimuli. The TH1/TH2 paradigm assumes that a dominance of TH2 cell activation and an inadequate TH1 cell response are responsible for the development of allergies. However, the characterization of additional T helper cell subpopulations such as TH9, TH17, TH22, THGM-CSF and their interplay with regulatory T cells suggest further layers of complexity. This review summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge on T cell diversity and their induction, while revisiting the TH1/TH2 paradigm. With respect to these numerous contributors, it offers a new perspective on the pathogenesis of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) incorporating recent discoveries in the field of T cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Berker
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Larissa Johanna Frank
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Lidwina Geßner
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Grassl
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Verena Holtermann
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Höppner
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kraef
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Martin Dominik Leclaire
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pia Maier
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Lino Möhrmann
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Nieke
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Schoch
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Soll
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play a central role in tissue homoeostasis, sensing the local environment through numerous innate cell surface receptors. This enables them to respond rapidly to perceived tissue insults with a view to initiating a co-ordinated programme of inflammation and repair. However, when the tissue insult is chronic, the ongoing release of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators, proteases, cytokines and chemokines leads to tissue damage and remodelling. In asthma, there is strong evidence of ongoing MC activation, and their mediators and cell-cell signals are capable of regulating many facets of asthma pathophysiology. This article reviews the evidence behind this.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - G Arthur
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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30
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Ural A, Tezer MS, Yücel A, Atilla H, Ileri F. Interleukin-4, Interleukin-8 and E-selectin Levels in Intranasal Polyposis Patients with and without Allergy: A Comparative Study. J Int Med Res 2016; 34:520-4. [PMID: 17133781 DOI: 10.1177/147323000603400509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory upper airway disease with unknown aetiology. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-8 play very significant roles in allergic events and infectious inflammation, respectively. In contrast, E-selectin is important in the initiation and organization of inflammation. In this study, levels of IL-4, IL-8 and E-selectin were measured in nasal mucosa specimens of intranasal polyposis patients with and without allergic rhinitis, and healthy controls. Healthy controls had significantly higher IL-4 levels than allergic patients and non-allergic patients; IL-4 levels were similar in allergic and non-allergic patients. Allergic and non-allergic patients had significantly higher IL-8 levels than healthy controls; IL-8 levels were comparable in allergic and non-allergic patients. E-selectin levels were similar in all groups. The infection-based theory, represented by IL-8, seems to be more likely than the allergy-based theory, represented by IL-4, for the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ural
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Doran E, Choy DF, Shikotra A, Butler CA, O'Rourke DM, Johnston JA, Kissenpfennig A, Bradding P, Arron JR, Heaney LG. Reduced epithelial suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 in severe eosinophilic asthma. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:715-25. [PMID: 27338192 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00400-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma represents a major unmet clinical need. Eosinophilic inflammation persists in the airways of many patients with uncontrolled asthma, despite high-dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) are a family of molecules involved in the regulation of cytokine signalling via inhibition of the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway. We examined SOCS expression in the airways of asthma patients and investigated whether this is associated with persistent eosinophilia.Healthy controls, mild/moderate asthmatics and severe asthmatics were studied. Whole genome expression profiling, quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analysis were used to examine expression of SOCS1, SOCS2 and SOCS3 in bronchial biopsies. Bronchial epithelial cells were utilised to examine the role of SOCS1 in regulating interleukin (IL)-13 signalling in vitroSOCS1 gene expression was significantly lower in the airways of severe asthmatics compared with mild/moderate asthmatics, and was inversely associated with airway eosinophilia and other measures of T-helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated SOCS1 was predominantly localised to the bronchial epithelium. SOCS1 overexpression inhibited IL-13-mediated chemokine ligand (CCL) 26 (eotaxin-3) mRNA expression in bronchial epithelial cells.Severe asthma patients with persistent airway eosinophilia and Th2 inflammation have reduced airway epithelial SOCS1 expression. SOCS1 inhibits epithelial IL-13 signalling, supporting its key role in regulating Th2-driven eosinophilia in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Doran
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David F Choy
- ITGR Diagnostic Discovery, Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aarti Shikotra
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, Leicester, UK
| | - Claire A Butler
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Declan M O'Rourke
- Histopathology and Cytopathology Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, Leicester, UK
| | - Joseph R Arron
- ITGR Diagnostic Discovery, Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Health Sciences Building, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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32
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May RD, Fung M. Strategies targeting the IL-4/IL-13 axes in disease. Cytokine 2016; 75:89-116. [PMID: 26255210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-4 and IL-13 are pleiotropic Th2 cytokines produced by a wide variety of different cell types and responsible for a broad range of biology and functions. Physiologically, Th2 cytokines are known to mediate host defense against parasites but they can also trigger disease if their activities are dysregulated. In this review we discuss the rationale for targeting the IL-4/IL-13 axes in asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, COPD, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disease and fibrotic disease as well as evaluating the associated clinical data derived from blocking IL-4, IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13 together.
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33
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Hosseini A, Hirota JA, Hackett TL, McNagny KM, Wilson SJ, Carlsten C. Morphometric analysis of inflammation in bronchial biopsies following exposure to inhaled diesel exhaust and allergen challenge in atopic subjects. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:2. [PMID: 26758251 PMCID: PMC4711081 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergen exposure and air pollution are two risk factors for asthma development and airway inflammation that have been examined extensively in isolation. The impact of combined allergen and diesel exhaust exposure has received considerably less attention. Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major contributor to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution, which can act as an adjuvant to immune responses and augment allergic inflammation. We aimed to clarify whether DE increases allergen-induced inflammation and cellular immune response in the airways of atopic human subjects. Methods Twelve atopic subjects were exposed to DE 300 μg.m−3 or filtered air for 2 h in a blinded crossover study design with a four-week washout period between arms. One hour following either filtered air or DE exposure, subjects were exposed to allergen or saline (vehicle control) via segmental challenge. Forty-eight hours post-allergen or control exposure, bronchial biopsies were collected. The study design generated 4 different conditions: filtered air + saline (FAS), DE + saline (DES), filtered air + allergen (FAA) and DE + allergen (DEA). Biopsies sections were immunostained for tryptase, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), neutrophil elastase (NE), CD138, CD4 and interleukin (IL)-4. The percent positivity of positive cells were quantified in the bronchial submucosa. Results The percent positivity for tryptase expression and ECP expression remained unchanged in the bronchial submucosa in all conditions. CD4 % positive staining in DEA (0.311 ± 0.060) was elevated relative to FAS (0.087 ± 0.018; p = 0.035). IL-4 % positive staining in DEA (0.548 ± 0.143) was elevated relative to FAS (0.127 ± 0.062; p = 0.034). CD138 % positive staining in DEA (0.120 ± 0.031) was elevated relative to FAS (0.017 ± 0.006; p = 0.015), DES (0.044 ± 0.024; p = 0.040), and FAA (0.044 ± 0.008; p = 0.037). CD138 % positive staining in FAA (0.044 ± 0.008) was elevated relative to FAS (0.017 ± 0.006; p = 0.049). NE percent positive staining in DEA (0.224 ± 0.047) was elevated relative to FAS (0.045 ± 0.014; p = 0.031). Conclusions In vivo allergen and DE co-exposure results in elevated CD4, IL-4, CD138 and NE in the respiratory submucosa of atopic subjects, while eosinophils and mast cells are not changed. Trial registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01792232. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0114-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. .,The Lung Center, Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) - Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 2775 Laurel Street, 7th floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. .,The Lung Center, Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) - Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 2775 Laurel Street, 7th floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Susan J Wilson
- Histochemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, S016 6YD, UK.
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. .,The Lung Center, Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) - Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 2775 Laurel Street, 7th floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Arthur GK, Duffy SM, Roach KM, Hirst RA, Shikotra A, Gaillard EA, Bradding P. KCa3.1 K+ Channel Expression and Function in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145259. [PMID: 26689552 PMCID: PMC4687003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The KCa3.1 K+ channel has been proposed as a novel target for pulmonary diseases such as asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. It is expressed in epithelia but its expression and function in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) has not been described. Due to its proposed roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial fluid secretion, inhibiting this channel might have either beneficial or adverse effects on HBEC function. The aim of this study was to assess whether primary HBECs express the KCa3.1 channel and its role in HBEC function. Primary HBECs from the airways of healthy and asthmatic subjects, SV-transformed BEAS-2B cells and the neoplastic H292 epithelial cell line were studied. Primary HBECs, BEAS-2B and H292 cells expressed KCa3.1 mRNA and protein, and robust KCa3.1 ion currents. KCa3.1 protein expression was increased in asthmatic compared to healthy airway epithelium in situ, and KCa3.1 currents were larger in asthmatic compared to healthy HBECs cultured in vitro. Selective KCa3.1 blockers (TRAM-34, ICA-17043) had no effect on epithelial cell proliferation, wound closure, ciliary beat frequency, or mucus secretion. However, several features of TGFβ1-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were inhibited by KCa3.1 blockade. Treatment with KCa3.1 blockers is likely to be safe with respect to airway epithelial biology, and may potentially inhibit airway remodelling through the inhibition of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer K. Arthur
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - S. Mark Duffy
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Katy M. Roach
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rob A. Hirst
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Aarti Shikotra
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Erol A. Gaillard
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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35
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Choy DF, Hart KM, Borthwick LA, Shikotra A, Nagarkar DR, Siddiqui S, Jia G, Ohri CM, Doran E, Vannella KM, Butler CA, Hargadon B, Sciurba JC, Gieseck RL, Thompson RW, White S, Abbas AR, Jackman J, Wu LC, Egen JG, Heaney LG, Ramalingam TR, Arron JR, Wynn TA, Bradding P. T
H
2 and T
H
17 inflammatory pathways are reciprocally regulated in asthma. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:301ra129. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aab3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Peng H, Sarwar Z, Yang XP, Peterson EL, Xu J, Janic B, Rhaleb N, Carretero OA, Rhaleb NE. Profibrotic Role for Interleukin-4 in Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction. Hypertension 2015. [PMID: 26195478 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels are associated with cardiac fibrosis in hypertension and heart failure in both patients and experimental animals. We hypothesized that chronically elevated IL-4 induces cardiac fibrosis, resulting in a predisposition of the heart to angiotensin II-induced damage. Wild-type Balb/c (WT, high circulating IL-4) and IL-4-deficient Balb/c mice (IL-4(-/-)) were used. WT mice exhibited cardiac fibrosis (evidenced by an increase in expression of procollagen genes/interstitial collagen fraction), enlarged left ventricle chamber, and declined cardiac function associated with a greater number of mast cells and macrophages in the heart compared with IL-4(-/-). In contrast, IL-4(-/-) mice had normal cardiac architecture/function while showing a 57.9% reduction in heart interstitial collagen compared with WT, despite elevated proinflammatory cytokines in heart tissue. In response to angiotensin II administration, IL-4(-/-) had reduced interstitial myocardial fibrosis and were protected from developing dilated cardiomyopathy, which was seen in WT mice. This was associated with increased macrophage infiltration into the hearts of WT mice, despite a similar degree of hypertension and increased cardiac transforming growth factor-β1 in both groups. In vitro data demonstrated that IL-4 upregulates procollagen genes and stimulates collagen production in mouse cardiac fibroblasts. This process is mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling pathway via IL-4 receptor alpha. This study not only establishes a causal relationship between IL-4 and cardiac fibrosis/dysfunction, but also reveals a critical role for IL-4 in angiotensin II-induced cardiac damage. IL-4 could serve as an additional target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Peng
- From the Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine (H.P., Z.S., X.-P.Y., J.X., B.J., N.R., O.A.C., N.-E.R.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (E.L.P.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI.
| | - Zeyd Sarwar
- From the Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine (H.P., Z.S., X.-P.Y., J.X., B.J., N.R., O.A.C., N.-E.R.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (E.L.P.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- From the Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine (H.P., Z.S., X.-P.Y., J.X., B.J., N.R., O.A.C., N.-E.R.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (E.L.P.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Edward L Peterson
- From the Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine (H.P., Z.S., X.-P.Y., J.X., B.J., N.R., O.A.C., N.-E.R.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (E.L.P.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Jiang Xu
- From the Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine (H.P., Z.S., X.-P.Y., J.X., B.J., N.R., O.A.C., N.-E.R.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (E.L.P.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Branislava Janic
- From the Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine (H.P., Z.S., X.-P.Y., J.X., B.J., N.R., O.A.C., N.-E.R.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (E.L.P.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Nadia Rhaleb
- From the Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine (H.P., Z.S., X.-P.Y., J.X., B.J., N.R., O.A.C., N.-E.R.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (E.L.P.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Oscar A Carretero
- From the Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine (H.P., Z.S., X.-P.Y., J.X., B.J., N.R., O.A.C., N.-E.R.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (E.L.P.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Nour-Eddine Rhaleb
- From the Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine (H.P., Z.S., X.-P.Y., J.X., B.J., N.R., O.A.C., N.-E.R.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (E.L.P.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI.
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Wang X, Kulka M. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and mast cell activation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:859-871. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ru0814-388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Khan AM, Shahzad M, Raza Asim MB, Imran M, Shabbir A. Zingiber officinale ameliorates allergic asthma via suppression of Th2-mediated immune response. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:359-67. [PMID: 25420680 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.920396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginger has been used commonly in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of respiratory disorders. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the immunosuppressive activity of ginger by using the mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Treatment with ethanol extract (500 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (720 mg/kg) of rhizomes, and methylprednisolone (5 mg/kg) was initiated 1 week after second sensitization of mice with ovalbumin and continued for 7 d. RT-PCR followed by gel electrophoresis and ELISA were used for the evaluation of mRNA expression levels and protein levels of Th2 type markers, respectively. Lung tissue histopathology was conducted by using H&E and PAS staining. RESULTS We observed significant reduction in goblet cell hyperplasia (0.83 ± 0.17 and 1.0 ± 0.26), infiltration of inflammatory cells in airways (0.67 ± 0.33 and 1.0 ± 0.37), and edema with vascular congestion (1.0 ± 0.26 and 1.2 ± 0.17) by both ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. A highly significant reduction of total and differential count of eosinophils and neutrophils in BALF, and eosinophil count in blood were also observed. Both extracts significantly inhibited Th2-mediated immune response, which is evident by a decrease in mRNA expression levels of IL-4 and IL-5. Protein levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in BALF, along with total serum IgE levels, were also significantly suppressed by both extracts. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our study validated the traditional use of ginger in respiratory disorders and suggests that ginger reduces allergic airway inflammation, possibly by the suppression of Th2-mediated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Mahmood Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
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Rostam HM, Singh S, Vrana NE, Alexander MR, Ghaemmaghami AM. Impact of surface chemistry and topography on the function of antigen presenting cells. Biomater Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00375f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The impact of biomaterial surface topography and chemistry on antigen presenting cells’ phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Rostam
- Immunology and Tissue Modelling Group
- School of Life Science
- University of Nottingham
- Queen's Medical Centre
- Nottingham
| | - S. Singh
- Immunology and Tissue Modelling Group
- School of Life Science
- University of Nottingham
- Queen's Medical Centre
- Nottingham
| | - N. E. Vrana
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire
- France
- Protip SAS
- Strasbourg
| | - M. R. Alexander
- Interface and Surface Analysis Centre
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | - A. M. Ghaemmaghami
- Immunology and Tissue Modelling Group
- School of Life Science
- University of Nottingham
- Queen's Medical Centre
- Nottingham
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Hayes EM, Tsaousi A, Di Gregoli K, Jenkinson SR, Bond AR, Johnson JL, Bevan L, Thomas AC, Newby AC. Classical and Alternative Activation and Metalloproteinase Expression Occurs in Foam Cell Macrophages in Male and Female ApoE Null Mice in the Absence of T and B Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2014; 5:537. [PMID: 25389425 PMCID: PMC4211548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rupture of advanced atherosclerotic plaques accounts for most life-threatening myocardial infarctions. Classical (M1) and alternative (M2) macrophage activation could promote atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture by increasing production of proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Lymphocyte-derived cytokines may be essential for generating M1 and M2 phenotypes in plaques, although this has not been rigorously tested until now. METHODS AND RESULTS We validated the expression of M1 markers (iNOS and COX-2) and M2 markers (arginase-1, Ym-1, and CD206) and then measured MMP mRNA levels in mouse macrophages during classical and alternative activation in vitro. We then compared mRNA expression of these genes ex vivo in foam cells from subcutaneous granulomas in fat-fed immune-competent ApoE knockout (KO) and immune-compromised ApoE/Rag-1 double-KO mice, which lack all T and B cells. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry in subcutaneous granulomas and in aortic root and brachiocephalic artery atherosclerotic plaques to measure the extent of M1/M2 marker and MMP protein expression in vivo. Classical activation of mouse macrophages with bacterial lipopolysaccharide in vitro increased MMPs-13, -14, and -25 but decreased MMP-19 and TIMP-2 mRNA expressions. Alternative activation with IL-4 increased MMP-19 expression. Foam cells in subcutaneous granulomas expressed all M1/M2 markers and MMPs at ex vivo mRNA and in vivo protein levels, irrespective of Rag-1 genotype. There were also similar percentages of foam cell macrophages (FCMs) carrying M1/M2 markers and MMPs in atherosclerotic plaques from ApoE KO and ApoE/Rag-1 double-KO mice. CONCLUSION Classical and alternative activation leads to distinct MMP expression patterns in mouse macrophages in vitro. M1 and M2 polarization in vivo occurs in the absence of T and B lymphocytes in either granuloma or plaque FCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Mo Hayes
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Aikaterini Tsaousi
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Karina Di Gregoli
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - S Rhiannon Jenkinson
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Andrew R Bond
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Jason L Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Laura Bevan
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Anita C Thomas
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
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Dahdah A, Gautier G, Attout T, Fiore F, Lebourdais E, Msallam R, Daëron M, Monteiro RC, Benhamou M, Charles N, Davoust J, Blank U, Malissen B, Launay P. Mast cells aggravate sepsis by inhibiting peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4577-89. [PMID: 25180604 DOI: 10.1172/jci75212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the overwhelming inflammatory reaction associated with polymicrobial sepsis remains a prevalent clinical challenge with few treatment options. In septic peritonitis, blood neutrophils and monocytes are rapidly recruited into the peritoneal cavity to control infection, but the role of resident sentinel cells during the early phase of infection is less clear. In particular, the influence of mast cells on other tissue-resident cells remains poorly understood. Here, we developed a mouse model that allows both visualization and conditional ablation of mast cells and basophils to investigate the role of mast cells in severe septic peritonitis. Specific depletion of mast cells led to increased survival rates in mice with acute sepsis. Furthermore, we determined that mast cells impair the phagocytic action of resident macrophages, thereby allowing local and systemic bacterial proliferation. Mast cells did not influence local recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes or the release of inflammatory cytokines. Phagocytosis inhibition by mast cells involved their ability to release prestored IL-4 within 15 minutes after bacterial encounter, and treatment with an IL-4-neutralizing antibody prevented this inhibitory effect and improved survival of septic mice. Our study uncovers a local crosstalk between mast cells and macrophages during the early phase of sepsis development that aggravates the outcome of severe bacterial infection.
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Tran LS, Bergot AS, Mattarollo SR, Mittal D, Frazer IH. Human papillomavirus e7 oncoprotein transgenic skin develops an enhanced inflammatory response to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene by an arginase-1-dependent mechanism. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2438-2446. [PMID: 24732401 PMCID: PMC4134683 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that the expression of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 (HPV16.E7) protein within epithelial cells results in local immune suppression and a weak and ineffective immune response to E7 similar to that occuring in HPV-associated premalignancy and cancers. However, a robust acute inflammatory stimulus can overcome this to enable immune elimination of HPV16.E7-transformed epithelial cells. 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) can elicit acute inflammation and it has been shown to initiate the regression of HPV-associated genital warts. Although the clinical use of DNCB is discouraged owing to its mutagenic potential, understanding how DNCB-induced acute inflammation alters local HPV16.E7-mediated immune suppression might lead to better treatments. Here, we show that topical DNCB application to skin expressing HPV16.E7 as a transgene induces a hyperinflammatory response, which is not seen in nontransgenic control animals. The E7-associated inflammatory response is characterized by enhanced expression of Th2 cytokines and increased infiltration of CD11b(+)Gr1(int)F4/80(+)Ly6C(hi)Ly6G(low) myeloid cells, producing arginase-1. Inhibition of arginase with an arginase-specific inhibitor, N(omega)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, ameliorates the DNCB-induced inflammatory response. Our results demonstrate that HPV16.E7 protein enhances DNCB-associated production of arginase-1 by myeloid cells and consequent inflammatory cellular infiltration of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Tran
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A-S Bergot
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S R Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D Mittal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - I H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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A nebulized complex traditional Chinese medicine inhibits Histamine and IL-4 production by ovalbumin in guinea pigs and can stabilize mast cells in vitro. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:174. [PMID: 23849630 PMCID: PMC3716888 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicines have been used for anti-asthma treatment for several centuries in many Asian countries, and have been shown to effectively relieve symptoms. Our previous study demonstrated that a complex traditional Chinese medicine (CTCM) administered in nebulized form through the intratracheal route is effective against early-phase air-flow obstruction and can inhibit IL-5 production in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized guinea pigs. However, the antiasthmatic mechanisms of CTCMs are still unclear. Methods In this study, we examined the underlying mechanism of a CTCM that we used in our previous study in order to ascertain its function in the early-phase response to OVA challenge. In each group, 10–12 unsensitized or OVA-sensitized guinea pigs were treated with nebulized CTCM before OVA challenge, and the airway responses of the animals to OVA were recorded. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected 5 min after OVA challenge, and the histamine and IL-4 contents in the BALF were measured. P815 cells (a mouse mast cell line) were untreated or pretreated with CTCM or cromolyn sodium (a mast cell stabilizer), and incubated with Compound 48/80 (mast cell activator) for 9 hr. The levels of histamine and IL-4 released from the cells were quantified. Results We found that the inhibition of bronchoconstriction by the CTCM was attenuated by pretreatment with propranolol, suggesting that the CTCM has a bronchodilator effect that is associated with beta-adrenergic receptor. Our results also showed that the CTCM inhibited histamine and IL-4 secretion in the OVA-induced airway hypersensitivity in guinea pigs at 5 min post-OVA challenge, and in vitro study revealed that the CTCM is able to stabilize mast cells. Conclusion In conclusion, our results suggested that the CTCM is a kind of bronchodilator and also a mast cell stabilizer. Our findings provide useful information regarding the possible mechanism of the CTCM, and show its potential for application in the treatment of allergenic airway disease.
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Mediator Release from Basophils and Mast Cells and Its Relationship to Fc_R I Expression and IgE-Suppressing Therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1201/b14035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Holgate ST. Mechanisms of asthma and implications for its prevention and treatment: a personal journey. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 5:343-7. [PMID: 24179679 PMCID: PMC3810539 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2013.5.6.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
My research career has focused on the causes of asthma and its treatment. After establishing the key role that mast cells play in the inflammatory response in asthma, attention was turned towards understanding disease chronicity and variability across the lifecourse. Through a combination of studies on airway biopsies and primary cell cultures we have established that asthma is primarily an epithelial disease driven by increased environmental susceptibility to injury and an altered repair response as depicted by sustained activation of the epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) that is invoked in foetal branching morphogenesis. Varied activation of the EMTU connects the origins of asthma to its progression over time with involvement of epithelial susceptibility through impaired barrier and innate immune functions and altered mesenchymal susceptibility as exemplified by polymorphisms of the metalloprotease gene, ADAM33. Taken together these observations have led to a fundamental re-evaluation of asthma pathogenesis. Rather than placing allergic inflammation as the prime abnormality, it is proposed that the airway epithelium lies at the center of asthma pathogenesis, and that in conjunction with the underlying mesenchyme, it is the principle orchestrator of both the induction of asthma and its evolution over the lifecourse. This concept has provided 'the basis for a new preventative and therapeutic approach focused more on increasing the airways resistance to environmental insults rather than suppressing downstream inflammation once it is established.
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Li S, Offengenden M, Fentabil M, Gänzle MG, Wu J. Effect of egg white fermentation with lactobacilli on IgE binding ability of egg white proteins. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang L, Jenkins TJ, Dai M, Yin W, Pulido JC, Lamantia-Martin E, Hodge MR, Ocain T, Kolbeck R. Antagonism of chemokine receptor CCR8 is ineffective in a primate model of asthma. Thorax 2013; 68:506-12. [PMID: 23457038 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-203012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the T-cell-associated chemokine receptor CCR8 and its ligand CCL1 have been demonstrated to be elevated in patients with asthma. CCR8 deficiency or inhibition in models of allergic airway disease in mice resulted in conflicting data. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a selective small molecule CCR8 inhibitor (ML604086) in a primate model of asthma. METHODS ML604086 and vehicle were administered by intravenous infusion to 12 cynomolgus monkeys during airway challenge with Ascaris suum. Samples were collected throughout the study to measure pharmacokinetics (PK) and systemic CCR8 inhibition, as well as inflammation, T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and mucus in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Airway resistance and compliance were measured before and after allergen challenge, and in response to increasing concentrations of methacholine. RESULTS ML604086 inhibited CCL1 binding to CCR8 on circulating T-cells>98% throughout the duration of the study. However, CCR8 inhibition had no significant effect on allergen-induced BAL eosinophilia and the induction of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and mucus levels in BAL. Changes in airway resistance and compliance induced by allergen provocation and increasing concentrations of methacholine were also not affected by ML604086. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly demonstrate a dispensable role for CCR8 in ameliorating allergic airway disease in atopic primates, and suggest that strategies other than CCR8 antagonism should be considered for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Abstract
Role of mast cells in allergy had remained undetermined until the discovery of IgE in 1966. Then, IgE purified from many Liters of plasma, which had been donated from a patient with fatal myeloma, was distributed to researchers all over the world, and thus accelerated exploring the mechanisms involved in allergic reactions, particularly about the role of mast cells and basophils in the IgE-mediated reactions. Identification of mast cells as a progeny of a bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell in 1977 led us to successful in vitro culture of human mast cells. Along with the development of molecular biological techniques, the structure of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) was determined in 1989. These findings and subsequent investigations brought deeper understanding of IgE-mediated allergic diseases in the past half century, especially where mast cells are involved. We have now even obtained the information about whole genome expression of FcεRI-dependently activated mast cells. In sharp contrast to our comprehension of allergic diseases where IgE and mast cells are involved, the mechanisms involved in non-IgE-mediated allergic diseases or non-IgE-mediated phase of IgE-mediated diseases are almost left unsolved and are waiting for devoted investigators to reveal it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Saito
- National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan. saito−
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