1
|
Baranek T, de Amat Herbozo C, Mallevaey T, Paget C. Deconstructing iNKT cell development at single-cell resolution. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:503-512. [PMID: 35654639 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are increasingly regarded as disease biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets. However, a greater understanding of their biology is necessary to effectively target these cells in the clinic. The discovery of iNKT1/2/17 cell effector subsets was a milestone in our understanding of iNKT cell development and function. Recent transcriptomic studies have uncovered an even greater heterogeneity and challenge our understanding of iNKT cell ontogeny and effector differentiation. We propose a refined model whereby iNKT cells differentiate through a dynamic and continuous instructive process that requires the accumulation and integration of various signals within the thymus or peripheral tissues. Within this framework, we question the existence of true iNKT2 cells and discuss the parallels between mouse and human iNKT cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Baranek
- Centre d'Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1100, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Carolina de Amat Herbozo
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Christophe Paget
- Centre d'Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 1100, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang T, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu H. NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:618-653. [PMID: 34977871 PMCID: PMC8706767 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since nuclear factor of κ-light chain of enhancer-activated B cells (NF-κB) was discovered in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating mechanism of NF-κB for 35 years, which lead to significant progress. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanisms regulating NF-κB activation have also been illuminated, the cascades of signaling events leading to NF-κB activity and key components of the NF-κB pathway are also identified. It has been suggested NF-κB plays an important role in human diseases, especially inflammation-related diseases. These studies make the NF-κB an attractive target for disease treatment. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of the family members of NF-κB, as well as the basic mechanisms of NF-κB signaling pathway activation. We will also review the effects of dysregulated NF-κB on inflammation, tumorigenesis, and tumor microenvironment. The progression of the translational study and drug development targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment and the potential obstacles will be discussed. Further investigations on the precise functions of NF-κB in the physiological and pathological settings and underlying mechanisms are in the urgent need to develop drugs targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment, with minimal side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chao Ma
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science CenterHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao B, Sun Y, Cao L, Genardi SM, Wang CR, Li H, Sun Z, Yang Y, Fang D. USP22 controls iNKT immunity through MED1 suppression of histone H2A monoubiquitination. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133810. [PMID: 32069354 PMCID: PMC7201925 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin pathway has been shown to regulate iNKT cell immunity, but the deubiquitinase involved in this process has not been identified. Herein we found that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) is highly expressed in iNKT cells during their early developmental stage 1. USP22 deficiency blocked the transition from stage 1 to 2 during iNKT cell development in a cell-intrinsic manner. USP22 suppression also diminishes iNKT17 and iNKT1 differentiation but favors iNKT2 polarization without altering conventional T cell activation and differentiation. USP22 interacts with the Mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1), a transcription coactivator involved in iNKT cell development. Interestingly, while interacting with MED1, USP22 does not function as a deubiquitinase to suppress MED1 ubiquitination for its stabilization. Instead, USP22 enhances MED1 functions for IL-2Rβ and T-bet gene expression through deubiquitinating histone H2A but not H2B monoubiquitination. Therefore, our study revealed USP22-mediated histone H2A deubiquitination fine-tunes MED1 transcriptional activation as a previously unappreciated molecular mechanism to control iNKT development and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yueqi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Samantha M Genardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - HuaBin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morgan D, Garg M, Tergaonkar V, Tan SY, Sethi G. Pharmacological significance of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188449. [PMID: 33058996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the impact of the non-canonical NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathway in several human diseases including autoimmune, inflammatory and cancers has been on the rise. This pathway induces the expression of several important genes involved in diverse biological processes. Though progress has been made in understanding the activation, regulation and biological functions of the non-canonical NF-κB signaling mechanism, no specific drug has been approved to target NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), the key signaling molecule in this pathway. The inhibition of NIK can serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for various ailments, especially for the treatment of different types of human cancers. There are other targetable downstream molecules in this pathway as well. This review highlights the possible role of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in normal physiology as well as in different cancers and discusses about various pharmacological strategies to modulate the activation of this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhakshayini Morgan
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119 074, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119 074, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119 074, Singapore; Advanced Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Dr, 138673, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117 600, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The many-sided contributions of NF-κB to T-cell biology in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 361:245-300. [PMID: 34074496 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
T cells (or T lymphocytes) exhibit a myriad of functions in immune responses, ranging from pathogen clearance to autoimmunity, cancer and even non-lymphoid tissue homeostasis. Therefore, deciphering the molecular mechanisms orchestrating their specification, function and gene expression pattern is critical not only for our comprehension of fundamental biology, but also for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Among the master regulators of T-cell identity, the functions of the NF-κB family of transcription factors have been under scrutiny for several decades. However, a more precise understanding of their pleiotropic functions is only just emerging. In this review we will provide a global overview of the roles of NF-κB in the different flavors of mature T cells. We aim at highlighting the complex and sometimes diverging roles of the five NF-κB subunits in health and disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Thymic development of unconventional T cells: how NKT cells, MAIT cells and γδ T cells emerge. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:756-770. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
7
|
Tsaouli G, Barbarulo A, Vacca A, Screpanti I, Felli MP. Molecular Mechanisms of Notch Signaling in Lymphoid Cell Lineages Development: NF-κB and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1227:145-164. [PMID: 32072504 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36422-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Notch is a ligand-receptor interaction-triggered signaling cascade highly conserved, that influences multiple lineage decisions within the hematopoietic and the immune system. It is a recognized model of intercellular communication that plays an essential role in embryonic as well as in adult immune cell development and homeostasis. Four members belong to the family of Notch receptors (Notch1-4), and each of them plays nonredundant functions at several developmental stages. Canonical and noncanonical pathways of Notch signaling are multifaceted drivers of immune cells biology. In fact, increasing evidence highlighted Notch as an important modulator of immune responses, also in cancer microenvironment. In these contexts, multiple transduction signals, including canonical and alternative NF-κB pathways, play a relevant role. In this chapter, we will first describe the critical role of Notch and NF-κB signals in lymphoid lineages developing in thymus: natural killer T cells, thymocytes, and thymic T regulatory cells. We will address also the role played by ligand expressing cells. Given the importance of Notch/NF-κB cross talk, its role in T-cell leukemia development and progression will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Tsaouli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Barbarulo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - I Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - M P Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guermonprez P, Gerber-Ferder Y, Vaivode K, Bourdely P, Helft J. Origin and development of classical dendritic cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 349:1-54. [PMID: 31759429 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) are mononuclear phagocytes of hematopoietic origin specialized in the induction and regulation of adaptive immunity. Initially defined by their unique T cell activation potential, it became quickly apparent that cDCs would be difficult to distinguish from other phagocyte lineages, by solely relying on marker-based approaches. Today, cDCs definition increasingly embed their unique ontogenetic features. A growing consensus defines cDCs on multiple criteria including: (1) dependency on the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand hematopoietic growth factor, (2) development from the common DC bone marrow progenitor, (3) constitutive expression of the transcription factor ZBTB46 and (4) the ability to induce, after adequate stimulation, the activation of naïve T lymphocytes. cDCs are a heterogeneous cell population that contains two main subsets, named type 1 and type 2 cDCs, arising from divergent ontogenetic pathways and populating multiple lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Here, we present recent knowledge on the cellular and molecular pathways controlling the specification and commitment of cDC subsets from murine and human hematopoietic stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Guermonprez
- King's College London, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, The Peter Gorer Department of Immmunobiology, London, United Kingdom; Université de Paris, CNRS ERL8252, INSERM1149, Centre for Inflammation Research, Paris, France.
| | - Yohan Gerber-Ferder
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, SiRIC «Translational Immunotherapy Team», Paris, France; Université de Paris, Immunity and Cancer Department, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Kristine Vaivode
- King's College London, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, The Peter Gorer Department of Immmunobiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Bourdely
- King's College London, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, The Peter Gorer Department of Immmunobiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Helft
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, SiRIC «Translational Immunotherapy Team», Paris, France; Université de Paris, Immunity and Cancer Department, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu J, Yan J, Guo Q, Chi Z, Tang B, Zheng B, Yu J, Yin T, Cheng Z, Wu X, Yu H, Dai J, Sheng X, Si L, Cui C, Bai X, Mao L, Lian B, Wang X, Yan X, Li S, Zhou L, Flaherty KT, Guo J, Kong Y. Genetic Aberrations in the CDK4 Pathway Are Associated with Innate Resistance to PD-1 Blockade in Chinese Patients with Non-Cutaneous Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6511-6523. [PMID: 31375512 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PD-1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy induces long and durable response in patients with advanced melanoma. However, only a subset of patients with melanoma benefit from this approach. The mechanism triggering the innate resistance of anti-PD-1 therapy remains unclear.Experimental Design: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses were performed in a training cohort (n = 31) using baseline tumor biopsies of patients with advanced melanoma treated with the anti-PD-1 antibody. Copy-number variations (CNVs) for the genes CDK4, CCND1, and CDKN2A were assayed using a TaqMan copy-number assay in a validation cohort (n = 85). The effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy was evaluated in PD-1-humanized mouse (C57BL/6-hPD-1) and humanized immune system (HIS) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. RESULTS WES revealed several significant gene copy-number gains in the patients of no clinical benefit cohort, such as 12q14.1 loci, which harbor CDK4. The association between CDK4 gain and innate resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy was validated in 85 patients with melanoma (P < 0.05). RNA-Seq analysis of CDK4-normal cell lines and CDK4-normal tumors showed altered transcriptional output in TNFα signaling via NF-κB, inflammatory response, and IFNγ response gene set. In addition, CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib) treatment increased PD-L1 protein levels and enhanced efficacy (P < 0.05) in the C57BL/6-hPD-1 melanoma cell and the HIS PDX model. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we discovered that genetic aberrations in the CDK4 pathway are associated with innate resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with advanced melanoma. Moreover, our study provides a strong rationale for combining CDK4/6 inhibitors with anti-PD-1 antibody for the treatment of advanced melanomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Junya Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bixia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Jinyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xieqia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
TRAF3IP3 at the trans-Golgi network regulates NKT2 maturation via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:395-406. [PMID: 31076725 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic natural killer T (NKT)2 cells are a subset of invariant NKT cells with PLZFhiGATA3hiIL-4+. The differentiation of NKT2 cells is not fully understood. In the present study, we report an important role of TRAF3-interacting protein 3 (TRAF3IP3) in the functional maturation and expansion of committed NKT2s in thymic medulla. Mice with T-cell-specific deletion of TRAF3IP3 had decreased thymic NKT2 cells, decreased IL-4-producing peripheral iNKTs, and defects in response to α-galactosylceramide. Positive selection and high PLZF expression in CD24+CD44- and CCR7+CD44- immature iNKTs were not affected. Only CD44hiNK1.1- iNKTs in Traf3ip3-/- mice showed reduced expression of Egr2, PLZF, and IL-17RB, decreased proliferation, and reduced IL-4 production upon stimulation. This Egr2 and IL-4 expression was augmented by MEK1/ERK activation in iNKTs, and TRAF3IP3 at the trans-Golgi network recruited MEK1 and facilitated ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. LTβR-regulated bone marrow-derived nonlymphoid cells in the medullary thymic microenvironment were required for MEK/ERK activation and NKT2 maturation. These data demonstrate an important functional maturation process in NKT2 differentiation that is regulated by MEK/ERK signaling at the trans-Golgi network.
Collapse
|
11
|
Klemann C, Camacho-Ordonez N, Yang L, Eskandarian Z, Rojas-Restrepo JL, Frede N, Bulashevska A, Heeg M, Al-Ddafari MS, Premm J, Seidl M, Ammann S, Sherkat R, Radhakrishnan N, Warnatz K, Unger S, Kobbe R, Hüfner A, Leahy TR, Ip W, Burns SO, Fliegauf M, Grimbacher B. Clinical and Immunological Phenotype of Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency Due to Damaging Mutations in NFKB2. Front Immunol 2019; 10:297. [PMID: 30941118 PMCID: PMC6435015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical NF-κB-pathway signaling is integral in immunoregulation. Heterozygous mutations in NFKB2 have recently been established as a molecular cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and DAVID-syndrome, a rare condition combining deficiency of anterior pituitary hormone with CVID. Here, we investigate 15 previously unreported patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) from eleven unrelated families with heterozygous NFKB2-mutations including eight patients with the common p.Arg853* nonsense mutation and five patients harboring unique novel C-terminal truncating mutations. In addition, we describe the clinical phenotype of two patients with proximal truncating mutations. Cohort analysis extended to all 35 previously published NFKB2-cases revealed occurrence of early-onset PID in 46/50 patients (mean age of onset 5.9 years, median 4.0 years). ACTH-deficiency occurred in 44%. Three mutation carriers have deceased, four developed malignancies. Only two mutation carriers were clinically asymptomatic. In contrast to typical CVID, most patients suffered from early-onset and severe disease manifestations, including clinical signs of T cell dysfunction e.g., chronic-viral or opportunistic infections. In addition, 80% of patients suffered from (predominately T cell mediated) autoimmune (AI) phenomena (alopecia > various lymphocytic organ-infiltration > diarrhea > arthritis > AI-cytopenia). Unlike in other forms of CVID, auto-antibodies or lymphoproliferation were not common hallmarks of disease. Immunophenotyping showed largely normal or even increased quantities of naïve and memory CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells and normal T-cell proliferation. NK-cell number and function were also normal. In contrast, impaired B-cell differentiation and hypogammaglobinemia were consistent features of NFKB2-associated disease. In addition, an array of lymphocyte subpopulations, such as regulatory T cell, Th17-, cTFH-, NKT-, and MAIT-cell numbers were decreased. We conclude that heterozygous damaging mutations in NFKB2 represent a distinct PID entity exceeding the usual clinical spectrum of CVID. Impairment of the non-canonical NF-κB pathways affects function and differentiation of numerous lymphocyte-subpopulations and thus causes a heterogeneous, more severe form of PID phenotype with early-onset. Further characteristic features are multifaceted, primarily T cell-mediated autoimmunity, such as alopecia, lymphocytic organ infiltration, and in addition frequently ACTH-deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Camacho-Ordonez
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Linlin Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoya Eskandarian
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica L Rojas-Restrepo
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Frede
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alla Bulashevska
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moudjahed Saleh Al-Ddafari
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Julian Premm
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nita Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Super Speciality Pediatric Hospital and PG Teaching Institute, Noida, India
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Faculty of Medicine, Division Immunodeficiency (CCI), Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Unger
- Faculty of Medicine, Division Immunodeficiency (CCI), Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robin Kobbe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Hüfner
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Ronan Leahy
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Winnie Ip
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation London, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Fliegauf
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shissler SC, Webb TJ. The ins and outs of type I iNKT cell development. Mol Immunol 2018; 105:116-130. [PMID: 30502719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that bridge the gap between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Like innate immune cells, they have a mature, effector phenotype that allows them to rapidly respond to threats, compared to adaptive cells. NKT cells express T cell receptors (TCRs) like conventional T cells, but instead of responding to peptide antigen presented by MHC class I or II, NKT cell TCRs recognize glycolipid antigen in the context of CD1d. NKT cells are subdivided into classes based on their TCR and antigen reactivity. This review will focus on type I iNKT cells that express a semi invariant Vα14Jα18 TCR and respond to the canonical glycolipid antigen, α-galactosylceramide. The innate-like effector functions of these cells combined with their T cell identity make their developmental path quite unique. In addition to the extrinsic factors that affect iNKT cell development such as lipid:CD1d complexes, co-stimulation, and cytokines, this review will provide a comprehensive delineation of the cell intrinsic factors that impact iNKT cell development, differentiation, and effector functions - including TCR rearrangement, survival and metabolism signaling, transcription factor expression, and gene regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susannah C Shissler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St. HSF-1 Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St. HSF-1 Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Yun C, Gao B, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Kong Q, Zhao F, Wang CR, Dent SYR, Wang J, Xu X, Li HB, Fang D. The Lysine Acetyltransferase GCN5 Is Required for iNKT Cell Development through EGR2 Acetylation. Cell Rep 2018; 20:600-612. [PMID: 28723564 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a population that is critical for both innate and adaptive immunity, is regulated by multiple transcription factors, but the molecular mechanisms underlying how the transcriptional activation of these factors are regulated during iNKT development remain largely unknown. We found that the histone acetyltransferase general control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5) is essential for iNKT cell development during the maturation stage. GCN5 deficiency blocked iNKT cell development in a cell-intrinsic manner. At the molecular level, GCN5 is a specific lysine acetyltransferase of early growth responsive gene 2 (EGR2), a transcription factor required for iNKT cell development. GCN5-mediated acetylation positively regulated EGR2 transcriptional activity, and both genetic and pharmacological GCN5 suppression specifically inhibited the transcription of EGR2 target genes in iNKT cells, including Runx1, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF), interleukin (IL)-2Rb, and T-bet. Therefore, our study revealed GCN5-mediated EGR2 acetylation as a molecular mechanism that regulates iNKT development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Chawon Yun
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuanming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, PRC; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, PRC
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PRC
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, PRC
| | - Xiangping Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, PRC.
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PRC; Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University School of Pharmacy, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu M, Chen J, Bao Y, Li J. Genomic analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway reveals its complexity in Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:510-518. [PMID: 29162540 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays highly important roles in several developmental, cellular and immune response processes. With the recent release of the draft Pacific oyster (Crassostra gigas) genome sequence, we have sought to identify the various components of the NF-κB signaling pathway in these mollusks and investigate their gene structure. We further constructed phylogenetic trees to establish the evolutionary relationship of the oyster proteins with their homologues in vertebrates and invertebrates using BLASTX and neighbor-joining method. We report the presence of two classic NF-κB/Rel homologues in the pacific oyster namely Cgp100 and CgRel, which possess characteristic RHD domain and a consensus nuclear localization signal, similar to mammalian homologues and an additional CgRel-like protein, unique to C. gigas. Further, in addition to two classical IκB homologues, CgIκB1 and CgIκB2, we have identified three atypical IκB family members namely CgIκB3, CgIκB4 and CgBCL3 which lack the IκB degradation motif and consist of only one exon that might have arisen by retrotransposition from CgIκB1. Finally, we report the presence of three IKKs and one NEMO genes in oyster genome, named CgIKK1, CgIKK2, CgIKK3 and CgNEMO, respectively. While CgIKK1 and CgIKK3 domain structure is similar to their mammalian homologues, CgIKK2 was found to lack the HLH and NBD domains. Overall, the high conservation of the NF-κB/Rel, IκB and IKK family components in the pacific oyster and their structural similarity to the vertebrate and invertebrate homologues underline the functional importance of this pathway in regulation of critical cellular processes across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar A, Suryadevara N, Hill TM, Bezbradica JS, Van Kaer L, Joyce S. Natural Killer T Cells: An Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology Perspective. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1858. [PMID: 29312339 PMCID: PMC5743650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the MHC class I-like protein CD1d. Agonistic activation of NKT cells leads to rapid pro-inflammatory and immune modulatory cytokine and chemokine responses. This property of NKT cells, in conjunction with their interactions with antigen-presenting cells, controls downstream innate and adaptive immune responses against cancers and infectious diseases, as well as in several inflammatory disorders. NKT cell properties are acquired during development in the thymus and by interactions with the host microbial consortium in the gut, the nature of which can be influenced by NKT cells. This latter property, together with the role of the host microbiota in cancer therapy, necessitates a new perspective. Hence, this review provides an initial approach to understanding NKT cells from an ecological evolutionary developmental biology (eco-evo-devo) perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Naveenchandra Suryadevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Timothy M Hill
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Jelena S Bezbradica
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Clancy-Thompson E, Ali L, Bruck PT, Exley MA, Blumberg RS, Dranoff G, Dougan M, Dougan SK. IAP Antagonists Enhance Cytokine Production from Mouse and Human iNKT Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 6:25-35. [PMID: 29187357 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonists are in clinical trials for a variety of cancers, and mouse models show synergism between IAP antagonists and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Although IAP antagonists affect the intrinsic signaling of tumor cells, their most pronounced effects are on immune cells and the generation of antitumor immunity. Here, we examined the effects of IAP antagonism on T-cell development using mouse fetal thymic organ culture and observed a selective loss of iNKT cells, an effector cell type of potential importance for cancer immunotherapy. Thymic iNKT-cell development probably failed due to increased strength of TCR signal leading to negative selection, given that mature iNKT cells treated with IAP antagonists were not depleted, but had enhanced cytokine production in both mouse and human ex vivo cultures. Consistent with this, mature mouse primary iNKT cells and iNKT hybridomas increased production of effector cytokines in the presence of IAP antagonists. In vivo administration of IAP antagonists and α-GalCer resulted in increased IFNγ and IL-2 production from iNKT cells and decreased tumor burden in a mouse model of melanoma lung metastasis. Human iNKT cells also proliferated and increased IFNγ production dramatically in the presence of IAP antagonists, demonstrating the utility of these compounds in adoptive therapy of iNKT cells. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(1); 25-35. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Clancy-Thompson
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lestat Ali
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick T Bruck
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark A Exley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Dougan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kumar A, Gordy LE, Bezbradica JS, Stanic AK, Hill TM, Boothby MR, Van Kaer L, Joyce S. NF-κB Protects NKT Cells from Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1-induced Death. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15594. [PMID: 29142275 PMCID: PMC5688132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Semi-invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes with immunoregulatory properties. NKT cell survival during development requires signal processing by activated RelA/NF-κB. Nonetheless, the upstream signal(s) integrated by NF-κB in developing NKT cells remains incompletely defined. We show that the introgression of Bcl-xL-coding Bcl2l1 transgene into NF-κB signalling-deficient IκBΔN transgenic mouse rescues NKT cell development and differentiation in this mouse model. We reasoned that NF-κB activation was protecting developing NKT cells from death signals emanating either from high affinity agonist recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) or from a death receptor, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) or Fas. Surprisingly, the single and combined deficiency in PKC-θ or CARMA-1-the two signal transducers at the NKT TCR proximal signalling node-only partially recapitulated the NKT cell deficiency observed in IκBΔN tg mouse. Accordingly, introgression of the Bcl2l1 transgene into PKC-θ null mouse failed to rescue NKT cell development. Instead, TNFR1-deficiency, but not the Fas-deficiency, rescued NKT cell development in IκBΔN tg mice. Consistent with this finding, treatment of thymocytes with an antagonist of the inhibitor of κB kinase -which blocks downstream NF-κB activation- sensitized NKT cells to TNF-α-induced cell death in vitro. Hence, we conclude that signal integration by NF-κB protects developing NKT cells from death signals emanating from TNFR1, but not from the NKT TCR or Fas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Kumar
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laura E Gordy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jelena S Bezbradica
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aleksandar K Stanic
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy M Hill
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA
| | - Mark R Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The non-canonical NF-κB pathway in immunity and inflammation. NATURE REVIEWS. IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28580957 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.52)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is activated by canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways, which differ in both signalling components and biological functions. Recent studies have revealed important roles for the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in regulating different aspects of immune functions. Defects in non-canonical NF-κB signalling are associated with severe immune deficiencies, whereas dysregulated activation of this pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here we review the signalling mechanisms and the biological function of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. We also discuss recent progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation, which may provide new opportunities for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is activated by canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways, which differ in both signalling components and biological functions. Recent studies have revealed important roles for the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in regulating different aspects of immune functions. Defects in non-canonical NF-κB signalling are associated with severe immune deficiencies, whereas dysregulated activation of this pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here we review the signalling mechanisms and the biological function of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. We also discuss recent progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation, which may provide new opportunities for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Heath Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Briseño CG, Gargaro M, Durai V, Davidson JT, Theisen DJ, Anderson DA, Novack DV, Murphy TL, Murphy KM. Deficiency of transcription factor RelB perturbs myeloid and DC development by hematopoietic-extrinsic mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3957-3962. [PMID: 28348230 PMCID: PMC5393217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619863114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RelB is an NF-κB family transcription factor activated in the noncanonical pathway downstream of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) and TNF receptor family members including lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) and CD40. Early analysis suggested that RelB is required for classical dendritic cell (cDC) development based on a severe reduction of cDCs in Relb-/- mice associated with profound myeloid expansion and perturbations in B and T cells. Subsequent analysis of radiation chimeras generated from wild-type and Relb-/- bone marrow showed that RelB exerts cell-extrinsic actions on some lineages, but it has remained unclear whether the impact of RelB on cDC development is cell-intrinsic or -extrinsic. Here, we reevaluated the role of RelB in cDC and myeloid development using a series of radiation chimeras. We found that there was no cell-intrinsic requirement for RelB for development of most cDC subsets, except for the Notch2- and LTβR-dependent subset of splenic CD4+ cDC2s. These results identify a relatively restricted role of RelB in DC development. Moreover, the myeloid expansion in Relb-/- mice resulted from hematopoietic-extrinsic actions of RelB. This result suggests that there is an unrecognized but critical role for RelB within the nonhematopoietic niche that controls normal myelopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Briseño
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Vivek Durai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jesse T Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Derek J Theisen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - David A Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deborah V Novack
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Theresa L Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li J, Roy S, Kim YM, Li S, Zhang B, Love C, Reddy A, Rajagopalan D, Dave S, Diehl AM, Zhuang Y. Id2 Collaborates with Id3 To Suppress Invariant NKT and Innate-like Tumors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3136-3148. [PMID: 28258199 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins, including Id1-4, are transcriptional regulators involved in promoting cell proliferation and survival in various cell types. Although upregulation of Id proteins is associated with a broad spectrum of tumors, recent studies have identified that Id3 plays a tumor-suppressor role in the development of Burkitt's lymphoma in humans and hepatosplenic T cell lymphomas in mice. In this article, we report rapid lymphoma development in Id2/Id3 double-knockout mice that is caused by unchecked expansion of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells or a unique subset of innate-like CD1d-independent T cells. These populations began to expand in neonatal mice and, upon malignant transformation, resulted in mortality between 3 and 11 mo of age. The malignant cells also gave rise to lymphomas upon transfer to Rag-deficient and wild-type hosts, reaffirming their inherent tumorigenic potential. Microarray analysis revealed a significantly modified program in these neonatal iNKT cells that ultimately led to their malignant transformation. The lymphoma cells demonstrated chromosome instability along with upregulation of several signaling pathways, including the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, which can promote their expansion and migration. Dysregulation of genes with reported driver mutations and the NF-κB pathway were found to be shared between Id2/Id3 double-knockout lymphomas and human NKT tumors. Our work identifies a distinct premalignant state and multiple tumorigenic pathways caused by loss of function of Id2 and Id3. Thus, conditional deletion of Id2 and Id3 in developing T cells establishes a unique animal model for iNKT and relevant innate-like lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Cassandra Love
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Anupama Reddy
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Deepthi Rajagopalan
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Sandeep Dave
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen S, Cai C, Li Z, Liu G, Wang Y, Blonska M, Li D, Du J, Lin X, Yang M, Dong Z. Dissection of SAP-dependent and SAP-independent SLAM family signaling in NKT cell development and humoral immunity. J Exp Med 2017; 214:475-489. [PMID: 28049627 PMCID: PMC5294859 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chen et al. dissect SAP-dependent and SAP-independent SLAM family signaling in the regulation of NKT cell development and follicular T helper cell differentiation using a novel mouse model lacking all seven SLAM family receptors. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)–associated protein (SAP) mutations in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) lead to defective NKT cell development and impaired humoral immunity. Because of the redundancy of SLAM family receptors (SFRs) and the complexity of SAP actions, how SFRs and SAP mediate these processes remains elusive. Here, we examined NKT cell development and humoral immunity in mice completely deficient in SFR. We found that SFR deficiency severely impaired NKT cell development. In contrast to SAP deficiency, SFR deficiency caused no apparent defect in follicular helper T (TFH) cell differentiation. Intriguingly, the deletion of SFRs completely rescued the severe defect in TFH cell generation caused by SAP deficiency, whereas SFR deletion had a minimal effect on the defective NKT cell development in SAP-deficient mice. These findings suggest that SAP-dependent activating SFR signaling is essential for NKT cell selection; however, SFR signaling is inhibitory in SAP-deficient TFH cells. Thus, our current study revises our understanding of the mechanisms underlying T cell defects in patients with XLP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Chenxu Cai
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Zehua Li
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Guangao Liu
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuande Wang
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Marzenna Blonska
- Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Dan Li
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Meixiang Yang
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen SS, Hu Z, Zhong XP. Diacylglycerol Kinases in T Cell Tolerance and Effector Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:130. [PMID: 27891502 PMCID: PMC5103287 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a family of enzymes that regulate the relative levels of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) in cells by phosphorylating DAG to produce PA. Both DAG and PA are important second messengers cascading T cell receptor (TCR) signal by recruiting multiple effector molecules, such as RasGRP1, PKCθ, and mTOR. Studies have revealed important physiological functions of DGKs in the regulation of receptor signaling and the development and activation of immune cells. In this review, we will focus on recent progresses in our understanding of two DGK isoforms, α and ζ, in CD8 T effector and memory cell differentiation, regulatory T cell development and function, and invariant NKT cell development and effector lineage differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley S Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA; Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA; Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapies Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mair F, Joller S, Hoeppli R, Onder L, Hahn M, Ludewig B, Waisman A, Becher B. The NFκB-inducing kinase is essential for the developmental programming of skin-resident and IL-17-producing γδ T cells. eLife 2015; 4:e10087. [PMID: 26637788 PMCID: PMC4733042 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells contribute to first line immune defense, particularly through their ability for rapid production of proinflammatory cytokines. The cytokine profile of γδ T cells is hard-wired already during thymic development. Yet, the molecular pathways underlying this phenomenon are incompletely understood. Here we show that signaling via the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK) is essential for the formation of a fully functional γδ T cell compartment. In the absence of NIK, development of Vγ5(+) dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) was halted in the embryonic thymus, and impaired NIK function caused a selective loss of IL-17 expression by γδ T cells. Using a novel conditional mutant of NIK, we could show in vivo that NIK signaling in thymic epithelial cells is essential for the thymic hardwiring of γδ T cell cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romy Hoeppli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Noma H, Eshima K, Satoh M, Iwabuchi K. Differential dependence on nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase among natural killer T-cell subsets in their development. Immunology 2015; 146:89-99. [PMID: 25988531 PMCID: PMC4552504 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are comprised of several subsets. However, the possible differences in their developmental mechanisms have not been fully investigated. To evaluate the dependence of some NKT subpopulations on nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) for their generation, we analysed the differentiation of NKT cells, dividing them into subsets in various tissues of alymphoplasia (aly/aly), a mutant mouse strain that lacks functional NIK. The results indicated that the efficient differentiation of both invariant NKT (iNKT) and non-iNKT cells relied on NIK expression in non-haematopoietic cells; however, the dependence of non-iNKT cells was lower than that of iNKT cells. Especially, the differentiation of CD8(+) non-iNKT cells was markedly resistant to the aly mutation. The proportion of two other NKT cell subsets, NK1.1(+) γδ T cells and NK1.1(-) iNKT cells, was also significantly reduced in aly/aly mice, and this defect in their development was reversed in wild-type host mice given aly/aly bone marrow cells. In exerting effector functions, NIK in NKT-αβ cells appeared dispensable, as NIK-deficient NKT-αβ cells could secrete interleukin-4 or interferon-γ and exhibit cytolytic activity at a level comparable to that of aly/+ NKT-αβ cells. Collectively, these results imply that the NIK in thymic stroma may be critically involved in the differentiation of most NKT cell subsets (although the level of NIK dependence may vary among the subsets), and also that NIK in NKT-αβ cells may be dispensable for their effector function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Noma
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara, Japan
| | - Koji Eshima
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao Z, Hou X, Yin X, Li Y, Duan R, Boyce BF, Yao Z. TNF Induction of NF-κB RelB Enhances RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Promoting Inflammatory Macrophage Differentiation but also Limits It through Suppression of NFATc1 Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135728. [PMID: 26287732 PMCID: PMC4545392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF induces bone loss in common bone diseases by promoting osteoclast formation directly and indirectly, but it also limits osteoclast formation by inducing expression of NF-κB p100. Osteoclast precursors (OCPs) are derived from M1 (inflammatory) and M2 (resident) macrophages. However, it is not known if TNF stimulates or limits osteoclast formation through regulation of M1 or M2 differentiation or if RelB, a partner of p100, is involved. To investigate these questions, we treated bone marrow cells (BMCs) with M-CSF alone or in combination with TNF to enrich for OCPs, which we called M-OCPs and T-OCPs, respectively. We found that TNF switched CD11b+F4/80+ M-OCPs from Ly6C-Gr1- M2 to Ly6C+Gr1-CD11c+ and Ly6C-Gr1-CD11c+ M1 cells. RANKL induced osteoclast formation from both Ly6C+Gr1- and Ly6C-Gr1- T-OCPs, but only from Ly6C+Gr1- M-OCPs, which formed significantly fewer osteoclasts than T-OCPs. Importantly, Ly6C+Gr1- cells from both M- and T-OCPs have increased expression of the M1 marker genes, iNOS, TNF, IL-1β and TGFβ1, compared to Ly6C-Gr1- cells, and Ly6C-Gr1- cells from T-OCPs also have increased expression of iNOS and TGFβ1 compared to cells from M-OCPs. Both RANKL and TNF increased RelB mRNA expression. TNF significantly increased RelB protein levels, but RANKL did not because it also induced RelB proteasomal degradation. TNF inhibited RANKL-induced NFATc1 mRNA expression and osteoclast formation from M-OCPs, but not from T-OCPs, and it did not induce Ly6C+Gr1-CD11c+ or Ly6C-Gr1-CD11c+ M1 macrophages from RelB-/- BMCs. Furthermore, overexpression of RelB in M-OCPs reduced RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and NFATc1 mRNA expression, but it increased TNF-induced OC formation without affecting NFATc1 levels. Thus, TNF induction of RelB directly mediates terminal osteoclast differentiation independent of NFATc1 and limits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting NFATc1 activation. However, the dominant role of TNF is to expand the OCP pool by switching the differentiation of M-CSF-induced M2 to M1 macrophages with enhanced osteoclast forming potential. Strategies to degrade RelB could prevent TNF-induced M2/M1 switching and reduce osteoclast formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan University First Affiliated Hospital, 357 Ximen Street, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan University First Affiliated Hospital, 357 Ximen Street, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Box 626, Room 1–2105, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxiang Yin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan University First Affiliated Hospital, 357 Ximen Street, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Box 626, Room 1–2105, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Yanyun Li
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Box 626, Room 1–2105, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Rong Duan
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Box 626, Room 1–2105, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Brendan F. Boyce
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Box 626, Room 1–2105, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Zhenqiang Yao
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Box 626, Room 1–2105, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jenkinson WE, McCarthy NI, Dutton EE, Cowan JE, Parnell SM, White AJ, Anderson G. Natural Th17 cells are critically regulated by functional medullary thymic microenvironments. J Autoimmun 2015; 63:13-22. [PMID: 26143957 PMCID: PMC4570931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The thymic medulla is critical for the enforcement of central tolerance. In addition to deletion of auto-reactive T-cells, the thymic medulla supports the maturation of heterogeneous natural αβT-cells linked to tolerance mechanisms. Natural IL-17-secreting CD4(+)αβT-cells (nTh17) represent recently described natural αβT-cells that mature and undergo functional priming intrathymically. Despite a proposed potential to impact upon either protective or pathological inflammatory responses, the intrathymic mechanisms regulating the balance of nTh17 development are unclear. Here we compare the development of distinct natural αβT-cells in the thymus. We reveal that thymic stromal MHC class II expression and RelB-dependent medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC), including Aire(+) mTEC, are an essential requirement for nTh17 development. nTh17 demonstrate a partial, non-redundant requirement for both ICOS-ligand and CD80/86 costimulation, with a dispensable role for CD80/86 expression by thymic epithelial cells. Although mTEC constitutively expressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a critical negative regulator of conventional Th17 differentiation, iNOS was not essential to constrain thymic nTh17. These findings highlight the critical role of the thymic medulla in the differential regulation of novel natural αβT-cell subsets, and reveal additional layers of thymic medullary regulation of T-cell driven autoimmunity and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William E Jenkinson
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Nicholas I McCarthy
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma E Dutton
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jennifer E Cowan
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sonia M Parnell
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrea J White
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Graham Anderson
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Let-7 microRNAs target the lineage-specific transcription factor PLZF to regulate terminal NKT cell differentiation and effector function. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:517-24. [PMID: 25848867 PMCID: PMC4406853 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lethal-7 (let-7) microRNAs are the most abundant in the genome but their role in developing thymocytes is unclear. We now report that let-7 miRNAs target Zbtb16 mRNA, which encodes the lineage-specific transcription factor PLZF, to post-transcriptionally regulate PLZF expression and NKT cell effector function. Dynamic up-regulation of let-7 miRNAs during NKT thymocyte development down-regulates PLZF expression and directs terminal differentiation into interferon-γ-producing NKT1 cells. Without let-7 up-regulation, NKT thymocytes maintain high PLZF expression and terminally differentiate into IL-4-producing NKT2 and IL-17-producing NKT17 cells. Let-7 up-regulation in developing NKT thymocytes can be signaled by IL-15, vitamin D and retinoic acid. Such miRNA targeting of a lineage-specific transcription factor constitutes a new level of developmental regulation in the thymus.
Collapse
|
29
|
Williams JA, Tai X, Hodes RJ. CD28-CD80/86 and CD40-CD40L Interactions Promote Thymic Tolerance by Regulating Medullary Epithelial Cell and Thymocyte Development. Crit Rev Immunol 2015; 35:59-76. [PMID: 25746048 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2015012501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Development and central tolerance of T lymphocytes in the thymus requires both TCR signals and collaboration with signals generated through costimulatory molecule interactions. In this review, we discuss the importance of CD28-CD80/86 and CD40-CD40L costimulatory interactions in promoting normal thymic development. This discussion includes roles in the generation of a normal thymic medulla, in the development of specific T-cells subsets, including iNKT and T regulatory cells, and in the generation of a tolerant mature T-cell repertoire. We discuss recent contributions to the understanding of CD28-CD80/86 and CD40-CD40L costimulatory interactions in thymic development, and we highlight the ways in which the many important roles mediated by these interactions collaborate to promote normal thymic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy A Williams
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Xuguang Tai
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Richard J Hodes
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cowan JE, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G. Thymus medulla fosters generation of natural Treg cells, invariant γδ T cells, and invariant NKT cells: what we learn from intrathymic migration. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:652-60. [PMID: 25615828 PMCID: PMC4405047 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The organization of the thymus into distinct cortical and medullary regions enables it to control the step-wise migration and development of immature T-cell precursors. Such a process provides access to specialized cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells at defined stages of maturation, ensuring the generation of self-tolerant and MHC-restricted conventional CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cells. The migratory cues and stromal cell requirements that regulate the development of conventional αβ T cells have been well studied. However, the thymus also fosters the generation of several immunoregulatory T-cell populations that form key components of both innate and adaptive immune responses. These include Foxp3+ natural regulatory T cells, invariant γδ T cells, and CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells). While less is known about the intrathymic requirements of these nonconventional T cells, recent studies have highlighted the importance of the thymus medulla in their development. Here, we review recent findings on the mechanisms controlling the intrathymic migration of distinct T-cell subsets, and relate this to knowledge of the microenvironmental requirements of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Cowan
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) exerts many biological functions essential for the maintenance and function of multiple cell types. Although its expression is tightly regulated, IL-15 upregulation has been reported in many organ-specific autoimmune disorders. In celiac disease, an intestinal inflammatory disorder driven by gluten exposure, the upregulation of IL-15 expression in the intestinal mucosa has become a hallmark of the disease. Interestingly, because it is overexpressed both in the gut epithelium and in the lamina propria, IL-15 acts on distinct cell types and impacts distinct immune components and pathways to disrupt intestinal immune homeostasis. In this article, we review our current knowledge of the multifaceted roles of IL-15 with regard to the main immunological processes involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Abadie
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) exerts many biological functions essential for the maintenance and function of multiple cell types. Although its expression is tightly regulated, IL-15 upregulation has been reported in many organ-specific autoimmune disorders. In celiac disease, an intestinal inflammatory disorder driven by gluten exposure, the upregulation of IL-15 expression in the intestinal mucosa has become a hallmark of the disease. Interestingly, because it is overexpressed both in the gut epithelium and in the lamina propria, IL-15 acts on distinct cell types and impacts distinct immune components and pathways to disrupt intestinal immune homeostasis. In this article, we review our current knowledge of the multifaceted roles of IL-15 with regard to the main immunological processes involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Abadie
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yao Z, Li Y, Yin X, Dong Y, Xing L, Boyce BF. NF-κB RelB negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:866-77. [PMID: 24115294 PMCID: PMC3961566 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RelA-mediated NF-κB canonical signaling promotes mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) proliferation, but inhibits differentiation of mature osteoblasts (OBs) and thus negatively regulates bone formation. Previous studies suggest that NF-κB RelB may also negatively regulate bone formation through noncanonical signaling, but they involved a complex knockout mouse model, and the molecular mechanisms involved were not investigated. Here, we report that RelB(-/-) mice develop age-related increased trabecular bone mass associated with increased bone formation. RelB(-/-) bone marrow stromal cells expanded faster in vitro and have enhanced OB differentiation associated with increased expression of the osteoblastogenic transcription factor, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). In addition, RelB directly targeted the Runx2 promoter to inhibit its activation. Importantly, RelB(-/-) bone-derived MPCs formed bone more rapidly than wild-type cells after they were injected into a murine tibial bone defect model. Our findings indicate that RelB negatively regulates bone mass as mice age and limits bone formation in healing bone defects, suggesting that inhibition of RelB could reduce age-related bone loss and enhance bone repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
White AJ, Jenkinson WE, Cowan JE, Parnell SM, Bacon A, Jones ND, Jenkinson EJ, Anderson G. An essential role for medullary thymic epithelial cells during the intrathymic development of invariant NKT cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2659-66. [PMID: 24510964 PMCID: PMC3948113 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the thymus, interactions with both cortical and medullary microenvironments regulate the development of self-tolerant conventional CD4(+) and CD8(+) αβT cells expressing a wide range of αβTCR specificities. Additionally, the cortex is also required for the development of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, a specialized subset of T cells that expresses a restricted αβTCR repertoire and is linked to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Although the role of the cortex in this process is to enable recognition of CD1d molecules expressed by CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocyte precursors, the requirements for additional thymus microenvironments during iNKT cell development are unknown. In this study, we reveal a role for medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) during iNKT cell development in the mouse thymus. This requirement for mTECs correlates with their expression of genes required for IL-15 trans-presentation, and we show that soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes restore iNKT cell development in the absence of mTECs. Furthermore, mTEC development is abnormal in iNKT cell-deficient mice, and early stages in iNKT cell development trigger receptor activator for NF-κB ligand-mediated mTEC development. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that intrathymic iNKT cell development requires stepwise interactions with both the cortex and the medulla, emphasizing the importance of thymus compartmentalization in the generation of both diverse and invariant αβT cells. Moreover, the identification of a novel requirement for iNKT cells in thymus medulla development further highlights the role of both innate and adaptive immune cells in thymus medulla formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J White
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Engel I, Kronenberg M. Transcriptional control of the development and function of Vα14i NKT cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 381:51-81. [PMID: 24839184 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The majority of T lymphocytes, sometimes referred to as as mainstream or conventional T cells, are characterized by a diverse T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire. They require antigen priming in order to become memory cells capable of mounting a rapid effector response. It has become established, however, that there are several distinct T cell lineages that exhibit a memory phenotype in the absence of antigen priming, even as they differentiate in the thymus. These lymphocytes typically express a markedly restricted TCR repertoire and their rapid response kinetics has led to their being described as innate-like T cells. In addition, several of these subsets typically express surface markers commonly found on natural killer cells, which has led to the moniker natural killer T cells (NKT cells). This review will describe our current understanding of the unique ways whereby transcription factors control the development and function of an abundant and widely studied lineage of NKT cells that recognizes glycolipid antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Engel
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Roles for TNF-receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) in lymphocyte functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 25:147-56. [PMID: 24433987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
TRAF3 is an adapter protein that serves and regulates the functions of several types of receptors, located both inside the cell and at the plasma membrane. These include members of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFR-SF), toll-like receptors (TLR), and cytokine receptors. It has become increasingly evident that the roles and functions of TRAF3 are highly context-dependent. TRAF3 can serve distinct roles for different receptors in the same cell, and also has highly cell-type-dependent functions. This review focuses upon the current state of knowledge regarding how TRAF3 regulates the biology and effector functions of B and T lymphocytes, two major cell types of the adaptive immune response in which TRAF3 has markedly distinct roles.
Collapse
|
37
|
Krishna S, Zhong XP. Regulation of Lipid Signaling by Diacylglycerol Kinases during T Cell Development and Function. Front Immunol 2013; 4:178. [PMID: 23847619 PMCID: PMC3701226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bioactive lipids synthesized when the T cell receptor binds to a cognate peptide-MHC complex. DAG triggers signaling by recruiting Ras guanyl-releasing protein 1, PKCθ, and other effectors, whereas PA binds to effector molecules that include mechanistic target of rapamycin, Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1, and Raf1. While DAG-mediated pathways have been shown to play vital roles in T cell development and function, the importance of PA-mediated signals remains less clear. The diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) family of enzymes phosphorylates DAG to produce PA, serving as a molecular switch that regulates the relative levels of these critical second messengers. Two DGK isoforms, α and ζ, are predominantly expressed in T lineage cells and play an important role in conventional αβ T cell development. In mature T cells, the activity of these DGK isoforms aids in the maintenance of self-tolerance by preventing T cell hyper-activation and promoting T cell anergy. In this review, we discuss the roles of DAG-mediated pathways, PA-effectors, and DGKs in T cell development and function. We also highlight recent work that has uncovered previously unappreciated roles for DGK activity, for instance in invariant NKT cell development, anti-tumor and anti-viral CD8 responses, and the directional secretion of soluble effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sruti Krishna
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC , USA ; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wen X, Xiong R, Dai Z, Kim S, Lawrenczyk A, Yuan W. Humanizing mice for the identification of novel anticancer lipids targeting iNKT cells. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25475. [PMID: 24179706 PMCID: PMC3812196 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD1d-dependent presentation of lipid antigens to natural killer T (NKT) cells is an integral part of the innate immune system. However, the development of anticancer therapies based on NKT-cell agonists has had limited success so far. Humanizing mice with respect to the CD1d/NKT antigen presentation system will provide a tool to identify novel lipids that exert antineoplastic functions by targeting NKT cells before the initiation of costly and lengthy clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Wen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gerondakis S, Banerjee A, Grigoriadis G, Vasanthakumar A, Gugasyan R, Sidwell T, Grumont RJ. NF-κB subunit specificity in hemopoiesis. Immunol Rev 2012; 246:272-85. [PMID: 22435561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the diverse functions served by the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in virtually all cell types are typically employed to deal with stress responses, NF-κB transcription factors also play key roles in the development of hemopoietic cells. This review focuses on how NF-κB transcription factors control various aspects of thymic T-cell and myeloid cell differentiation that include its roles in hemopoietic precursors, conventional αβ T cells, CD4(+) regulatory T cells, natural killer T cells, γδ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
Collapse
|
40
|
Castillo EF, Schluns KS. Regulating the immune system via IL-15 transpresentation. Cytokine 2012; 59:479-90. [PMID: 22795955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transpresentation has emerged as an important mechanism mediating IL-15 responses in a subset of lymphocytes during the steady state. In transpresentation, cell surface IL-15, bound to IL-15Rα is delivered to opposing lymphocytes during a cell-cell interaction. The events most dependent on IL-15 include the development and homeostasis of memory CD8 T cells, Natural Killer cells, invariant Natural Killer T cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes. As lymphocyte development and homeostasis involve multiple steps and mechanisms, IL-15 transpresentation can have diverse roles throughout. Moreover, distinct stages of lymphocyte differentiation require IL-15 transpresented by different cells, which include both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types. Herein, we will describe the points where IL-15 transpresentation impacts these processes, the specific cells thought to drive IL-15 responses, as well as their role in the course of development and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliseo F Castillo
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Qi Q, Huang W, Bai Y, Balmus G, Weiss RS, August A. A unique role for ITK in survival of invariant NKT cells associated with the p53-dependent pathway in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3611-9. [PMID: 22403441 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells play important roles in the immune response. ITK and TXK/RLK are Tec family kinases that are expressed in iNKT cells; the expression level of ITK is ∼7-fold higher than that of TXK. Itk(-/-) mice have reduced iNKT cell frequency and numbers, with defects in development and cytokine secretion that are exacerbated in Itk/Txk double-knockout mice. In contrast, there is no iNKT cell defect in Txk(-/-) mice. To determine whether ITK and TXK play distinct roles in iNKT cell development and function, we examined mice that overexpress TXK in T cells at levels similar to Itk. Overexpression of TXK rescues the maturation and cytokine secretion of Itk(-/-) iNKT cells, as well as altered expression of transcription factors T-bet, eomesodermin, and PLZF. In contrast, the increased apoptosis observed in Itk(-/-) splenic iNKT cells is not affected by TXK overexpression, likely due to the lack of effect on the elevated expression of p53 regulated proapoptotic pathways Fas, Bax, and Bad in those cells. Supporting this idea, p53(-/-) and Bax(-/-) mice have increased splenic iNKT cells. Our results suggest that TXK plays an overlapping role with ITK in iNKT cell development and function but that ITK also has a unique function in the survival of iNKT cells, likely via a p53-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qi
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zheng Q, Zhou L, Mi QS. MicroRNA miR-150 is involved in Vα14 invariant NKT cell development and function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:2118-26. [PMID: 22287707 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD1d-restricted Vα14 invariant NKT (iNKT) cells play an important role in the regulation of diverse immune responses. MicroRNA-mediated RNA interference is emerging as a crucial regulatory mechanism in the control of iNKT cell differentiation and function. Yet, roles of specific microRNAs in the development and function of iNKT cells remain to be further addressed. In this study, we identified the gradually increased expression of microRNA-150 (miR-150) during the maturation of iNKT cells in thymus. Using miR-150 knockout (KO) mice, we found that miR-150 deletion resulted in an interruption of iNKT cell final maturation in both thymus and periphery. Upon activation, iNKT cells from miR-150KO mice showed significantly increased IFN-γ production compared with wild-type iNKT cells. Bone marrow-transferring experiments demonstrated the cell-intrinsic characteristics of iNKT cell maturation and functional defects in mice lacking miR-150. Furthermore, miR-150 target c-Myb was significantly upregulated in miR-150KO iNKT cells, which potentially contribute to iNKT cell defects in miR-150KO mice. Our data define a specific role of miR-150 in the development and function of iNKT cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Zheng
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Stritesky GL, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA. Selection of self-reactive T cells in the thymus. Annu Rev Immunol 2011; 30:95-114. [PMID: 22149933 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
On the whole, the healthy adaptive immune system is responsive to foreign antigens and tolerant to self. However, many individual lymphocytes have, and even require, substantial self-reactivity for their particular functions in immunity. In this review, we discuss several populations of lymphocytes that are thought to experience agonist stimulation through the T cell receptor during selection: nTreg cells, iNKT cells, nIELs, and nTh17s. We discuss the nature of this self-reactivity, how it compares with conventional T cells, and why it is important for overall immune health. We also outline molecular pathways unique to each lineage and consider possible commonalities to their development and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gretta L Stritesky
- Center for Immunology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shen S, Chen Y, Gorentla BK, Lu J, Stone JC, Zhong XP. Critical roles of RasGRP1 for invariant NKT cell development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4467-73. [PMID: 21957144 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage contains CD4(+) and CD4(-) subsets. The mechanisms that control such subset differentiation and iNKT cell maturation in general have not been fully understood. RasGRP1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for TCR-induced activation of the Ras-ERK1/2 pathway, is critical for conventional αβ T cell development but dispensable for generating regulatory T cells. Its role in iNKT cells has been unknown. In this study, we report severe decreases of iNKT cells in RasGRP1(-/-) mice through cell intrinsic mechanisms. In the remaining iNKT cells in RasGRP1(-/-) mice, there is a selective absence of the CD4(+) subset. Furthermore, RasGRP1(-/-) iNKT cells are defective in TCR-induced proliferation in vitro. These observations establish that RasGRP1 is not only important for early iNKT cell development but also for the generation/maintenance of the CD4(+) iNKT cells. Our data provide genetic evidence that the CD4(+) and CD4(-) iNKT cells are distinct sublineages with differential signaling requirements for their development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Shen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shen S, Wu J, Srivatsan S, Gorentla BK, Shin J, Xu L, Zhong XP. Tight regulation of diacylglycerol-mediated signaling is critical for proper invariant NKT cell development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2122-9. [PMID: 21775687 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type I NKT cells, or invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, express a semi-invariant TCR characterized by its unique Vα14-Jα18 usage (iVα14TCR). Upon interaction with glycolipid/CD1d complexes, the iVα14TCRs transduce signals that are essential for iNKT selection and maturation. However, it remains unclear how these signals are regulated and how important such regulations are during iNKT development. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is an essential second messenger downstream of the TCR that activates the protein kinase C-IκB kinase (IKK)α/β-NF-κB pathway, known to be crucial for iNKT development, as well as the RasGRP1-Ras-Erk1/2 pathway in T cells. DAG kinases play an important role in controlling intracellular DAG concentration and thereby negatively regulate DAG signaling. In this article, we report that simultaneous absence of DAG kinase α and ζ causes severe defects in iNKT development, coincident with enhanced IKK-NF-κB and Ras-Erk1/2 activation. Moreover, constitutive IKKβ and Ras activities also result in iNKT developmental defects. Thus, DAG-mediated signaling is not only essential but also needs to be tightly regulated for proper iNKT cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Shen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Das R, Sant'Angelo DB, Nichols KE. Transcriptional control of invariant NKT cell development. Immunol Rev 2011; 238:195-215. [PMID: 20969594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells comprise a rare lymphocyte sublineage with phenotypic and functional properties similar to T and NK cells. Akin to conventional αβ T cells, their development occurs primarily in the thymus, where they originate from CD4(+) CD8(+) double positive (DP) progenitors. However, the selection of iNKT cells is unique in that it is mediated by homotypic interactions of DP cells and recognition of glycolipid antigen-CD1d complexes. Additionally, iNKT cells acquire an activated innate-like phenotype during development that allows them to release cytokines rapidly following antigen exposure. Given their hybrid features, it is not surprising that the developmental program of iNKT cells partially overlaps with that of T and NK cells. Several recent reports have provided new and exciting insights into the developmental mechanisms that direct natural killer T (NKT) cell lineage commitment and maturation. In this review, we provide a discussion of the NKT cell developmental program with an emphasis on the signaling mechanisms and transcription factors that influence the ontogeny of this lineage. Continued investigations into the complex interplay of these transcription factors and their relationship with other extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules will undoubtedly provide important clues into the biology of this unusual T-cell lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Das
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sánchez-Valdepeñas C, Casanova L, Colmenero I, Arriero M, González Á, Lozano N, González-Vicent M, Díaz MA, Madero L, Fresno M, Ramírez M. Nuclear factor-kappaB inducing kinase is required for graft-versus-host disease. Haematologica 2010; 95:2111-8. [PMID: 20823135 PMCID: PMC2995570 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.028829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor T lymphocytes are directly responsible for graft-versus-host disease. Molecules important in T-cell function may, therefore, be appropriate targets for graft-versus-host disease therapy and/or prophylaxis. Here we analyzed whether nuclear factor-κ B inducing kinase might have a role in graft-versus-host disease. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the expression of nuclear factor-κ B inducing kinase in human samples from patients with graft-versus-host disease. We also explored the effect of nuclear factor-κ B inducing kinase in a murine model of graft-versus-host disease using donor cells from aly/aly mice (deficient in nuclear factor-κ B inducing kinase) and C57BL/6 mice (control). RESULTS We detected expression of nuclear factor-κ B inducing kinase in T-lymphocytes in the pathological lesions of patients with acute graft-versus-host disease. Mice transplanted with aly/aly T lymphocytes did not develop graft-versus-host disease at all, while mice receiving C57BL/6 cells died of a lethal form of the disease. Deficiency of nuclear factor-κ B inducing kinase did not affect the engrafting ability of donor T cells, but severely impaired their expansion capacity early after transplantation, and aly/aly T cells showed a higher proportion of apoptosis than did C57BL/6 T cells. Effector T lymphocytes were the T-cell subset most affected by nuclear factor-κ B inducing kinase deficiency. We also detected lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines in the serum of mice receiving aly/aly T cells than in the serum of mice receiving C57BL/6 T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that nuclear factor-κ B inducing kinase has a role in graft-versus-host disease by maintaining the viability of activated alloreactive T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nieves Lozano
- Pathology, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús. Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid and
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Finlay DK, Kelly AP, Clarke R, Sinclair LV, Deak M, Alessi DR, Cantrell DA. Temporal differences in the dependency on phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 distinguish the development of invariant Valpha14 NKT cells and conventional T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:5973-82. [PMID: 20944007 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study uses two independent genetic strategies to explore the requirement for phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) in the development of mature T cell populations from CD4/CD8 double-positive thymocytes. The data show that CD4/CD8 double-positive thymocytes that do not express PDK1 or express a catalytically inactive PDK1 mutant fail to produce mature invariant Vα14 NKT cells but can differentiate to conventional CD4, CD8, or regulatory T cell subsets in the thymus. The PDK1 requirement for Vα14 NKT cell development reflects that these cells require the PDK1 substrate protein kinase B to meet the metabolic demands for proliferative expansion in response to IL-15 or AgR stimulation. There is also constitutive PDK1 signaling in conventional α/β T cells that is not required for lineage commitment of these cells but fine-tunes the expression of coreceptors and adhesion molecules. Also, although PDK1 is dispensable for thymic development of conventional α/β T cells, peripheral cells are reduced substantially. This reflects a PDK1 requirement for lymphopenia-induced proliferation, a process necessary for initial population of the peripheral T cell niche in neonatal mice. PDK1 is thus indispensable for T cell developmental programs, but the timing of the PDK1 requirement is unique to different T cell subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David K Finlay
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Distinct roles in NKT cell maturation and function for the different transcription factors in the classical NF‐κB pathway. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 89:294-303. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
50
|
Thu YM, Richmond A. NF-κB inducing kinase: a key regulator in the immune system and in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21:213-26. [PMID: 20685151 PMCID: PMC2939163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is a kinase that activates the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways to control transcriptional expression of certain proteins such as cytokines, chemokines and NF-κB signaling molecules. Many advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the stability of NIK is regulated to affect downstream signaling. Genetic mouse models suggest that NIK plays an essential role in the regulation of the immune system as well as in the bone microenvironment. Increasing evidence links NIK to the tumorigenesis of hematological cancers, such as multiple myeloma, and solid tumors, such as pancreatic carcinoma and melanoma. Understanding the mechanism by which NIK is de-regulated will potentially provide therapeutic options for certain diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Mon Thu
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 432 PRB, 23 Avenue South at Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 432 PRB, 23 Avenue South at Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|