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Joshi G, Das A, Verma G, Guchhait P. Viral infection and host immune response in diabetes. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:242-266. [PMID: 38063433 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder disrupting blood sugar regulation, has emerged as a prominent silent pandemic. Uncontrolled diabetes predisposes an individual to develop fatal complications like cardiovascular disorders, kidney damage, and neuropathies and aggravates the severity of treatable infections. Escalating cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes correlate with a global upswing in diabetes-linked mortality. As a growing global concern with limited preventive interventions, diabetes necessitates extensive research to mitigate its healthcare burden and assist ailing patients. An altered immune system exacerbated by chronic hyperinflammation heightens the susceptibility of diabetic individuals to microbial infections, including notable viruses like SARS-CoV-2, dengue, and influenza. Given such a scenario, we scrutinized the literature and compiled molecular pathways and signaling cascades related to immune compartments in diabetics that escalate the severity associated with the above-mentioned viral infections in them as compared to healthy individuals. The pathogenesis of these viral infections that trigger diabetes compromises both innate and adaptive immune functions and pre-existing diabetes also leads to heightened disease severity. Lastly, this review succinctly outlines available treatments for diabetics, which may hold promise as preventive or supportive measures to effectively combat these viral infections in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Joshi
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Anushka Das
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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Ferreira C, Vieira P, Sá H, Malva J, Castelo-Branco M, Reis F, Viana S. Polyphenols: immunonutrients tipping the balance of immunometabolism in chronic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360065. [PMID: 38558823 PMCID: PMC10978763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence progressively appreciates the vital interplay between immunity and metabolism in a wide array of immunometabolic chronic disorders, both autoimmune and non-autoimmune mediated. The immune system regulates the functioning of cellular metabolism within organs like the brain, pancreas and/or adipose tissue by sensing and adapting to fluctuations in the microenvironment's nutrients, thereby reshaping metabolic pathways that greatly impact a pro- or anti-inflammatory immunophenotype. While it is agreed that the immune system relies on an adequate nutritional status to function properly, we are only just starting to understand how the supply of single or combined nutrients, all of them termed immunonutrients, can steer immune cells towards a less inflamed, tolerogenic immunophenotype. Polyphenols, a class of secondary metabolites abundant in Mediterranean foods, are pharmacologically active natural products with outstanding immunomodulatory actions. Upon binding to a range of receptors highly expressed in immune cells (e.g. AhR, RAR, RLR), they act in immunometabolic pathways through a mitochondria-centered multi-modal approach. First, polyphenols activate nutrient sensing via stress-response pathways, essential for immune responses. Second, they regulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) balance in immune cells and are well-tolerated caloric restriction mimetics. Third, polyphenols interfere with the assembly of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites, inhibiting its activation while improving mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Finally, polyphenols impact chromatin remodeling and coordinates both epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. This work moves beyond the well-documented antioxidant properties of polyphenols, offering new insights into the multifaceted nature of these compounds. It proposes a mechanistical appraisal on the regulatory pathways through which polyphenols modulate the immune response, thereby alleviating chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, it draws parallels between pharmacological interventions and polyphenol-based immunonutrition in their modes of immunomodulation across a wide spectrum of socioeconomically impactful immunometabolic diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Diabetes (type 1 and 2) or even Alzheimer's disease. Lastly, it discusses the existing challenges that thwart the translation of polyphenols-based immunonutritional interventions into long-term clinical studies. Overcoming these limitations will undoubtedly pave the way for improving precision nutrition protocols and provide personalized guidance on tailored polyphenol-based immunonutrition plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ferreira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vieira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Sá
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Malva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT)/Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
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Riaz F, Wei P, Pan F. PPARs at the crossroads of T cell differentiation and type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292238. [PMID: 37928539 PMCID: PMC10623333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-mediated autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells (β-cells). The increasing prevalence of T1D poses significant challenges to the healthcare system, particularly in countries with struggling economies. This review paper highlights the multifaceted roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in the context of T1D, shedding light on their potential as regulators of immune responses and β-cell biology. Recent research has elucidated the intricate interplay between CD4+ T cell subsets, such as Tregs and Th17, in developing autoimmune diseases like T1D. Th17 cells drive inflammation, while Tregs exert immunosuppressive functions, highlighting the delicate balance crucial for immune homeostasis. Immunotherapy has shown promise in reinstating self-tolerance and restricting the destruction of autoimmune responses, but further investigations are required to refine these therapeutic strategies. Intriguingly, PPARs, initially recognized for their role in lipid metabolism, have emerged as potent modulators of inflammation in autoimmune diseases, particularly in T1D. Although evidence suggests that PPARs affect the β-cell function, their influence on T-cell responses and their potential impact on T1D remains largely unexplored. It was noted that PPARα is involved in restricting the transcription of IL17A and enhancing the expression of Foxp3 by minimizing its proteasomal degradation. Thus, antagonizing PPARs may exert beneficial effects in regulating the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and preventing T1D. Therefore, this review advocates for comprehensive investigations to delineate the precise roles of PPARs in T1D pathogenesis, offering innovative therapeutic avenues that target both the immune system and pancreatic function. This review paper seeks to bridge the knowledge gap between PPARs, immune responses, and T1D, providing insights that may revolutionize the treatment landscape for this autoimmune disorder. Moreover, further studies involving PPAR agonists in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice hold promise for developing novel T1D therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Riaz
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
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Isildar B, Ozkan S, Ercin M, Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Oncul M, Koyuturk M. 2D and 3D cultured human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium has a dual effect in type 1 diabetes model in rats: immunomodulation and beta-cell regeneration. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:55. [PMID: 36451229 PMCID: PMC9710085 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the irreversible destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets. Helper and cytotoxic T-cells and cytokine production, which is impaired by this process, take a synergetic role in β-cell destruction, and hyperglycemia develops due to insulin deficiency in the body. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appear like an excellent therapeutic tool for autoimmune diseases with pluripotent, regenerative, and immunosuppressive properties. Paracrine factors released from MSCs play a role in immunomodulation by increasing angiogenesis and proliferation and suppressing apoptosis. In this context, the study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of MSC's secretomes by conditioned medium (CM) obtained from human umbilical cord-derived MSCs cultured in 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) environments in the T1D model. METHODS First, MSCs were isolated from the human umbilical cord, and the cells were characterized. Then, two different CMs were prepared by culturing MSCs in 2D and 3D environments. The CM contents were analyzed in terms of total protein, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-λ. In vivo studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley-type rats with an autoimmune T1D model, and twelve doses of CM were administered intraperitoneally for 4 weeks within the framework of a particular treatment model. In order to evaluate immunomodulation, the Treg population was determined in lymphocytes isolated from the spleen after sacrification, and IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-λ cytokines were analyzed in serum. Finally, β-cell regeneration was evaluated immunohistochemically by labeling Pdx1, Nkx6.1, and insulin markers, which are critical for the formation of β-cells. RESULTS Total protein and IL-4 levels were higher in 3D-CM compared to 2D-CM. In vivo results showed that CMs induce the Treg population and regulate cytokine release. When the immunohistochemical results were evaluated together, it was determined that CM application significantly increased the rate of β-cells in the islets. This increase was at the highest level in the 3D-CM applied group. CONCLUSION The dual therapeutic effect of MSC-CM on immunomodulation and homeostasis/regeneration of β-cells in the T1D model has been demonstrated. Furthermore, this effect could be improved by using 3D scaffolds for culturing MSCs while preparing CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Isildar
- grid.506076.20000 0004 1797 5496Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serbay Ozkan
- grid.506076.20000 0004 1797 5496Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Ercin
- grid.9601.e0000 0001 2166 6619Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu
- grid.9601.e0000 0001 2166 6619Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Oncul
- grid.506076.20000 0004 1797 5496Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Koyuturk
- grid.506076.20000 0004 1797 5496Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Guindi C, Khan FU, Cloutier A, Khongorzul P, Raki AA, Gaudreau S, McDonald PP, Gris D, Amrani A. Inhibition of PI3K/C/EBPβ axis in tolerogenic bone marrow-derived dendritic cells of NOD mice promotes Th17 differentiation and diabetes development. Transl Res 2022; 255:37-49. [PMID: 36400308 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of the adaptive immune response. Tolerogenic dendritic cells play a crucial role in inducing and maintaining immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes in humans as well as in the NOD mouse model. We previously reported that bone marrow-derived DCs (BM.DCs) from NOD mice, generated with a low dose of GM-CSF (GM/DCs), induce Treg differentiation and are able to protect NOD mice from diabetes. We had also found that the p38 MAPK/C/EBPβ axis is involved in regulating the phenotype, as well as the production of IL-10 and IL-12p70, by tolerogenic GM/DCs. Here, we report that the inhibition of the PI3K signaling switched the cytokine profile of GM/DCs toward Th17-promoting cytokines without affecting their phenotype. PI3K inhibition abrogated the production of IL-10 by GM/DCs, whereas it enhanced their production of IL-23 and TGFβ. Inhibition of PI3K signaling in tolerogenic GM/DCs also induced naive CD4+ T cells differentiation toward Th17 cells. Mechanistically, PI3K inhibition increased the DNA-binding activity of C/EBPβ through a GSK3-dependent pathway, which is important to maintain the semimature phenotype of tolerogenic GM/DCs. Furthermore, analysis of C/EBPβ-/- GM/DCs demonstrated that C/EBPβ is required for IL-23 production. Of physiological relevance, the level of protection from diabetes following transfusion of GM/DCs into young NOD mice was significantly reduced when NOD mice were transfused with GM/DCs pretreated with a PI3K inhibitor. Our data suggest that PI3K/C/EBPβ signaling is important in controlling tolerogenic function of GM/DCs by limiting their Th17-promoting cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Guindi
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Farhan Ullah Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Cloutier
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Puregmaa Khongorzul
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aziz Raki
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Gaudreau
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick P McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Gris
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdelaziz Amrani
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Designing Personalized Antigen-Specific Immunotherapies for Autoimmune Diseases-The Case for Using Ignored Target Cell Antigen Determinants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071081. [PMID: 35406645 PMCID: PMC8997884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have proposed that antigen-specific immunotherapies (ASIs) for autoimmune diseases could be enhanced by administering target cell antigen epitopes (determinants) that are immunogenic but ignored by autoreactive T cells because these determinants may have large pools of naïve cognate T cells available for priming towards regulatory responses. Here, we identified an immunogenic preproinsulin determinant (PPIL4-20) that was ignored by autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes (T1D)-prone NOD mice. The size of the PPIL4-20-specific splenic naive T cell pool gradually increased from 2–12 weeks in age and remained stable thereafter, while that of the major target determinant insulin B-chain9-23 decreased greatly after 12 weeks in age, presumably due to recruitment into the autoimmune response. In 15–16 week old mice, insulin B-chain9-23/alum immunization induced modest-low level of splenic T cell IL-10 and IL-4 responses, little or no spreading of these responses, and boosted IFNγ responses to itself and other autoantigens. In contrast, PPIL4-20/alum treatment induced robust IL-10 and IL-4 responses, which spread to other autoantigens and increased the frequency of splenic IL-10-secreting Treg and Tr-1-like cells, without boosting IFNγ responses to ß-cell autoantigens. In newly diabetic NOD mice, PPIL4-20, but not insulin B-chain9-23 administered intraperitoneally (with alum) or intradermally (as soluble antigen) supplemented with oral GABA induced long-term disease remission. We discuss the potential of personalized ASIs that are based on an individual’s naïve autoantigen-reactive T cell pools and the use of HLA-appropriate ignored autoantigen determinants to safely enhance the efficacy of ASIs.
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Patel V, Jayaraman A, Jayaraman S. Epigenetic drug ameliorated type 1 diabetes via decreased generation of Th1 and Th17 subsets and restoration of self-tolerance in CD4 + T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108490. [PMID: 34954557 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Female NOD mice develop autoimmune diabetes spontaneously without extrinsic manipulation. Previously, we have shown that weekly administration of the prediabetic female NOD mice with the histone modifier Trichostatin A (TSA) prevented diabetes onset. Herein we show that T lymphocytes from diabetic mice transferred diabetes into immunodeficient NOD.scid recipients while those isolated from drug-treated mice displayed reduced disease-causing ability. Drug treatment also repressed T cell receptor-mediated IFN-γ transcription. Splenic CD4+ T-cells purified from prediabetic mice could be polarized into IFN-γ -producing Th1 and IL-17A-expressing Th17 subsets ex vivo. Adoptive transfer of these cells into immunocompromised NOD.scid mice caused diabetes comparably. Polarized Th1 cells were devoid of IL-17A-producing cells and did not transdifferentiate into Th17 cells in the spleen of immunodeficient recipients. However, polarized Th17 cell preparation had a few contaminant Th1 cells. Adoptive transfer of polarized Th17 cells into NOD.scid recipients led to IFN-γ transcription in recipient splenocytes. Notably, TSA treatment of prediabetic mice abolished the ability of CD4+ T-cells to differentiate into diabetogenic Th1 and Th17 cells ex vivo. This was accompanied by the absence of Ifng and Il17a transcription in the spleen of NOD.scid recipients receiving cells, respectively cultured under Th1 and Th17 polarizing conditions. Significantly, the histone modifier restored the ability of CD4+ but not CD8+ T-cells to undergo CD3-mediated apoptosis ex vivo in a caspase-dependent manner. These results indicate that the histone modifier bestowed protection against type 1 diabetes via negative regulation of signature lymphokines and restitution of self-tolerance in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Patel
- Dept. of Surgery, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Arathi Jayaraman
- Dept. of Surgery, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sundararajan Jayaraman
- Dept. of Surgery, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Current address: Dept. of Surgery, the University of Illinois, College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 60613, USA.
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8
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Kong L, Andrikopoulos S, MacIsaac RJ, Mackay LK, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Torkamani N, Zafari N, Marin ECS, Ekinci EI. Role of the adaptive immune system in diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:213-226. [PMID: 34845863 PMCID: PMC8847140 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Inflammation is recognized as an important driver of progression of DKD. Activation of the immune response promotes a pro-inflammatory milieu and subsequently renal fibrosis, and a progressive loss of renal function. Although the role of the innate immune system in diabetic renal disease has been well characterized, the potential contribution of the adaptive immune system remains poorly defined. Emerging evidence in experimental models of DKD indicates an increase in the number of T cells in the circulation and in the kidney cortex, that in turn triggers secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, and activation of cells in innate immune response. In human studies, the number of T cells residing in the interstitial region of the kidney correlates with the degree of albuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes. Here, we review the role of the adaptive immune system, and associated cytokines, in the development of DKD. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting the adaptive immune system as a means of preventing the progression of DKD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Kong
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Center and Monash University Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niloufar Torkamani
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Endocrine Center of Excellence, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neda Zafari
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelyn C S Marin
- College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Endocrine Center of Excellence, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Zhang S, Dai Q, Zhang B, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen D, Zong N, Wang H, Ding J, Gao Q, Wen Y. Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in combination with PI3K inhibitor reversed hyperglycemia in later-stage streptozotocin-induced diabetes. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1642. [PMID: 34988151 PMCID: PMC8667114 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multiple factor autoimmune disease characterized by T cell-mediated immune destruction of islet β cells. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has been a novel strategy for patients with new-onset T1D, but not for those with a later diagnosis. Disturbance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) likely contributes to poor response after transplantation in later-stage T1D. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt signaling maintains Tregs’ homeostasis. Methods We built a later-stage streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mouse model. Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (syn-BMT) was performed 20 days after the onset of diabetes in combination with BKM120 (a PI3K inhibitor). Meanwhile, another group of STZ-diabetic mice were transplanted with bone marrow cells cocultured with BKM120 in vitro for 24 h. Fasting glucose and glucose tolerance were recorded during the entire experimental observation after syn-BMT. Samples were collected 126 days after syn-BMT. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the effect of PI3K inhibitor combined with syn-BMT on morphology of the T1D pancreas. CD4+CD25− T cells and CD4+CD25+ T cells were sorted by magnetic cell sorting (MACS), then fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to detect the effect of PI3K inhibitor on modulating immune disorder and restoring the function of Treg cells. Results Our investigation showed syn-BMT in combination with BKM120 effectively maintained normoglycemia in later-stage T1D. The disease remission effects may be induced by the rebalance of Th17/Tregs dysregulation and restoration of Tregs’ immunosuppressive function by BKM120 after syn-BMT. Conclusions These results may reveal important connections for PI3K/Akt inhibition and Tregs’ homeostasis in T1D after transplantation. AHSCT combining immunoregulatory strategies such as PI3K inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach in later-stage T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Dai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixue Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongyue Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningning Zong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanting Wen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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10
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Ukah TK, Cattin-Roy AN, Davis GE, Zaghouani H. Formation of pancreatic β-cells from precursor cells contributes to the reversal of established type 1 diabetes. Cell Immunol 2021; 364:104360. [PMID: 33866285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ig-GAD2, an antigen-specific immune modulator, requires bone marrow (BM) cell transfer in order to restore beta (β)-cell formation and induce recovery from established type 1 diabetes (T1D). The BM cells provide endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) that give rise to islet resident endothelial cells (ECs). This study shows that, during development of T1D, the immune attack causes collateral damage to the islet vascular network. The EPC-derived ECs repair and restore islet blood vessel integrity. In addition, β-cell genetic tracing indicates that the newly formed β-cells originate from residual β-cells that escaped the immune attack and, unexpectedly, from β-cell precursors. This indicates that the rejuvenated islet microenvironment invigorates formation of new β-cells not only from residual β-cells but also from precursor cells. This is twofold significant from the perspective of precursor cells as a safe reserve for restoration of β-cell mass and its promise for therapy of T1D long after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobechukwu K Ukah
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Alexis N Cattin-Roy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Habib Zaghouani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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11
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Phillips BE, Garciafigueroa Y, Engman C, Liu W, Wang Y, Lakomy RJ, Meng WS, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Arrest in the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes at the Mid-Stage of Insulitic Autoimmunity Using an Autoantigen-Decorated All- trans Retinoic Acid and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 Single Microparticle Formulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:586220. [PMID: 33763059 PMCID: PMC7982719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.586220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disorder of impaired glucoregulation due to lymphocyte-driven pancreatic autoimmunity. Mobilizing dendritic cells (DC) in vivo to acquire tolerogenic activity is an attractive therapeutic approach as it results in multiple and overlapping immunosuppressive mechanisms. Delivery of agents that can achieve this, in the form of micro/nanoparticles, has successfully prevented a number of autoimmune conditions in vivo. Most of these formulations, however, do not establish multiple layers of immunoregulation. all-trans retinoic acid (RA) together with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), in contrast, has been shown to promote such mechanisms. When delivered in separate nanoparticle vehicles, they successfully prevent the progression of early-onset T1D autoimmunity in vivo. Herein, we show that the approach can be simplified into a single microparticle formulation of RA + TGFβ1 with surface decoration with the T1D-relevant insulin autoantigen. We show that the onset of hyperglycemia is prevented when administered into non-obese diabetic mice that are at the mid-stage of active islet-selective autoimmunity. Unexpectedly, the preventive effects do not seem to be mediated by increased numbers of regulatory T-lymphocytes inside the pancreatic lymph nodes, at least following acute administration of microparticles. Instead, we observed a mild increase in the frequency of regulatory B-lymphocytes inside the mesenteric lymph nodes. These data suggest additional and potentially-novel mechanisms that RA and TGFβ1 could be modulating to prevent progression of mid-stage autoimmunity to overt T1D. Our data further strengthen the rationale to develop RA+TGFβ1-based micro/nanoparticle “vaccines” as possible treatments of pre-symptomatic and new-onset T1D autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett E Phillips
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yesica Garciafigueroa
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carl Engman
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert J Lakomy
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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12
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Yao Z, Lin P, Wang C, Wang K, Sun Y. Administration of metrnl delays the onset of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Endocr J 2021; 68:179-188. [PMID: 33162409 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells via autoimmune attack. Meteorin-like protein (metrnl) is a secreted protein homologous to the neurotrophin metrn and it is induced after exercise in the skeletal muscle. In our paper published previously, we showed that the serum level of metrnl was significantly correlated with the lipid profile, glucose profile and insulin resistance. In this experiment, we asked whether intravenous administration of metrnl could delay the onset of diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. 4-week-old NOD mice were injected intravenously with metrnl. Blood glucose levels were measured weekly. Insulitis scoring, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, adoptive T cell transfer, flow cytometry analysis and real-time PCR were performed to investigate the underlying mechanism. The results showed that intravenous administration of metrnl delayed the onset of diabetes in NOD mice. Histology of pancreas showed a decreased infiltration of leukocytes, which was in association with augmentation of regulatory T cells, suppression of autoreactive T cells and altered cytokine secretion. To sum up, the present study showed that intravenous administration of metrnl ameliorated islet lymphocyte infiltration and modulated immune cell responses, raising the possibility that it might be beneficial in improving islet function clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhina Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Endocrine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Endocrine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
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13
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Sun T, Liang H, Xue M, Liu Y, Gong A, Jiang Y, Qin Y, Yang J, Meng D. Protective effect and mechanism of fucoidan on intestinal mucosal barrier function in NOD mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1789071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Public Health, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meilan Xue
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anjing Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushan Jiang
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Public Health, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Yang
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danyang Meng
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Balakrishnan S, Kumar P, Prabhakar BS. Post-translational modifications contribute to neoepitopes in Type-1 diabetes: Challenges for inducing antigen-specific tolerance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140478. [PMID: 32599298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes (T1D) is the major autoimmune disease affecting the juvenile population in which insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are destroyed by self-reactive T-cells and B-cells. Emerging studies have identified the presence of autoantibodies and altered T-cell reactivity against several autoantigens in individuals who are at risk of developing T1D even before the clinical onset of diabetes. Whilst these findings could lead to the development of predictive biomarkers for early diagnosis, growing evidence on the generation of neoepitopes, epitope spreading and diverse antigen repertoire in T1D poses a major challenge for developing approaches to induce antigen-specific tolerance. Mechanisms of neoepitope generation include post-translational modifications of existing epitopes, aberrant translational products, peptide fusion, and differences in MHC binding registers. Here, we focus our discussion on how post-translational modifications can give rise to immunogenic neoepitopes in T1D and present our perspective on how it could affect the development of therapeutic approaches to induce antigen-specific tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasangari Balakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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15
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Techatanawat S, Surarit R, Chairatvit K, Khovidhunkit W, Roytrakul S, Thanakun S, Kobayashi H, Khovidhunkit SOP, Izumi Y. Salivary and serum interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228921. [PMID: 32053656 PMCID: PMC7018084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-18 have been proposed to play important roles in periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but human data are conflicting. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of IL-17A and IL-18 in periodontitis and DM by measuring salivary and serum levels, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 49 participants with type 2 DM and 25 control subjects without type 2 DM were recruited. A periodontal screening and recording (PSR) index (0, 1-2, 3, and 4) was used to classify whether these subjects had periodontitis. Salivary and serum IL-17A and IL-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between these cytokines and clinical parameters. RESULTS Salivary IL-17A levels were not significantly different between patients with DM and controls, however, the levels were significantly higher in controls with periodontitis than those without periodontitis (p = 0.031). Salivary IL-17A levels were significantly associated with the PSR index (β = 0.369, p = 0.011). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed the association of salivary IL-18 levels and fasting plasma glucose (β = 0.270, p = 0.022) whereas serum IL-18 levels were associated with HbA1C (β = 0.293, p = 0.017). No correlation between salivary and serum levels of IL-17A and IL-18 was found. CONCLUSION Salivary IL-17A was strongly associated with periodontitis, whereas salivary IL-18 was associated with FPG and serum IL-18 was associated with HbA1C. These results suggest the role of these cytokines in periodontal inflammation and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suteera Techatanawat
- Ph.D. Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kongthawat Chairatvit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerapan Khovidhunkit
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Supanee Thanakun
- College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Muang Pathum Thani, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine Clinic, Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Care Perio Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
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16
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Sun L, Xi S, He G, Li Z, Gang X, Sun C, Guo W, Wang G. Two to Tango: Dialogue between Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4106518. [PMID: 32802890 PMCID: PMC7415089 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a long-term and chronic autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system attacks the pancreatic β-cells. Both adaptive and innate immune systems are involved in T1DM development. Both B-cells and T-cells, including CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells, as well as other T-cell subsets, could affect onset of autoimmunity. Furthermore, cells involved in innate immunity, including the macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, could also accelerate or decelerate T1DM development. In this review, the crosstalk and function of immune cells in the pathogenesis of T1DM, as well as the corresponding therapeutic interventions, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Shugang Xi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Guangyu He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
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17
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Novoselova EG, Glushkova OV, Lunin SM, Khrenov MO, Parfenyuk SB, Novoselova TV, Sharapov MG, Novoselov VI, Fesenko EE. Peroxiredoxin 6 Attenuates Alloxan-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice and Cytokine-Induced Cytotoxicity in RIN-m5F Beta Cells. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7523892. [PMID: 32908936 PMCID: PMC7474389 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7523892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is associated with the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which is mediated via an autoimmune mechanism and consequent inflammatory processes. In this article, we describe a beneficial effect of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in a type 1 diabetes mouse model. The main idea of this study was based on the well-known data that oxidative stress plays an important role in pathogenesis of diabetes and its associated complications. We hypothesised that PRDX6, which is well known for its various biological functions, including antioxidant activity, may provide an antidiabetic effect. It was shown that PRDX6 prevented hyperglycemia, lowered the mortality rate, restored the plasma cytokine profile, reversed the splenic cell apoptosis, and reduced the β cell destruction in Langerhans islets in mice with a severe form of alloxan-induced diabetes. In addition, PRDX6 protected rat insulinoma RIN-m5F β cells, cultured with TNF-α and IL-1β, against the cytokine-induced cytotoxicity and reduced the apoptotic cell death and production of ROS. Signal transduction studies showed that PRDX6 prevented the activation of NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling cascades in RIN-m5F β cells cultured with cytokines. In conclusion, there is a prospect for therapeutic application of PRDX6 to delay or even prevent β cell apoptosis in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Novoselova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Olga V. Glushkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Lunin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Maxim O. Khrenov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Svetlana B. Parfenyuk
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Novoselova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mars G. Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Novoselov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Evgeny E. Fesenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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18
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Mao R, Chen Y, Wu Q, Zhang T, Diao E, Wu D, Wang M, Liu Y, Lu L, Chang X, Zheng Y, Wang Y. Oral delivery of single-chain insulin (SCI-59) analog by bacterium-like particles (BLPs) induces oral tolerance and prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Immunol Lett 2019; 214:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Wang G, Yan Y, Xu N, Yin D, Hui Y. Treatment of type 1 diabetes by regulatory T‐cell infusion via regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19338-19344. [PMID: 31535398 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu China
| | - Yongxin Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu China
| | - Dong Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Hui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu China
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20
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Miranda MCG, Oliveira RP, Torres L, Aguiar SLF, Pinheiro-Rosa N, Lemos L, Guimarães MA, Reis D, Silveira T, Ferreira Ê, Moreira TG, Cara DC, Maioli TU, Kelsall BL, Carlos D, Faria AMC. Frontline Science: Abnormalities in the gut mucosa of non-obese diabetic mice precede the onset of type 1 diabetes. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:513-529. [PMID: 31313381 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0119-024rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but little is known about changes in intestinal homeostasis that contribute to disease pathogenesis. Here, we analyzed oral tolerance induction, components of the intestinal barrier, fecal microbiota, and immune cell phenotypes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice during disease progression compared to non-obese diabetes resistant (NOR) mice. NOD mice failed to develop oral tolerance and had defective protective/regulatory mechanisms in the intestinal mucosa, including decreased numbers of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of total and bacteria-bound secretory IgA, as well as an altered IEL profile. These disturbances correlated with bacteria translocation to the pancreatic lymph node possibly contributing to T1D onset. The composition of the fecal microbiota was altered in pre-diabetic NOD mice, and cross-fostering of NOD mice by NOR mothers corrected their defect in mucus production, indicating a role for NOD microbiota in gut barrier dysfunction. NOD mice had a reduction of CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) in the MLNs, together with an increase of effector Th17 cells and ILC3, as well as a decrease of Th2 cells, ILC2, and Treg cells in the small intestine. Importantly, most of these gut alterations precede the onset of insulitis. Disorders in the intestinal mucosa of NOD mice can potentially interfere with the development of T1D due the close relationship between the gut and the pancreas. Understanding these early alterations is important for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for T1D prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Camila Gonçalves Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lícia Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sarah Leão Fiorini Aguiar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natalia Pinheiro-Rosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luísa Lemos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Andrade Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiany Silveira
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís Garcias Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Brian L Kelsall
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), São Paulo, Brazil
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Imam S, Prathibha R, Dar P, Almotah K, Al-Khudhair A, Hasan SAM, Salim N, Jilani TN, Mirmira RG, Jaume JC. eIF5A inhibition influences T cell dynamics in the pancreatic microenvironment of the humanized mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1533. [PMID: 30733517 PMCID: PMC6367423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a transgenic mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in which human GAD65 is expressed in pancreatic β-cells, and human MHC-II is expressed on antigen presenting cells. Induced GAD65 antigen presentation activates T-cells, which initiates the downstream events leading to diabetes. In our humanized mice, we have shown downregulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 A (elF5A), expressed only in actively dividing mammalian cells. In-vivo inhibition of elF5A hypusination by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) inhibitor "GC7" was studied; DHS inhibitor alters the pathophysiology in our mouse model by catalyzing the crucial hypusination and the rate-limiting step of elF5A activation. In our mouse model, we have shown that inhibition of eIF5A resets the pro-inflammatory bias in the pancreatic microenvironment. There was: (a) reduction of Th1/Th17 response, (b) an increase in Treg numbers, (c) debase in IL17 and IL21 cytokines levels in serum, (d) lowering of anti-GAD65 antibodies, and (e) ablation of the ER stress that improved functionality of the β-cells, but minimal effect on the cytotoxic CD8 T-cell (CTL) mediated response. Conclusively, immune modulation, in the case of T1D, may help to manipulate inflammatory responses, decreasing disease severity, and may help manage T1D in early stages of disease. Our study also demonstrates that without manipulating the CTLs mediated response extensively, it is difficult to treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Imam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - R Prathibha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Pervaiz Dar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shuhama, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Khalil Almotah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Khudhair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Syed Abdul-Moiz Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nancy Salim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Talha Naser Jilani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Jaume
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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Fabbri M, Frixou M, Degano M, Fousteri G. Type 1 Diabetes in STAT Protein Family Mutations: Regulating the Th17/Treg Equilibrium and Beyond. Diabetes 2019; 68:258-265. [PMID: 30665954 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in the immunological, molecular, and genetic technologies such as next-generation sequencing have led to an exponential increase in the number of monogenic immune dysregulatory syndromes diagnosed, where type 1 diabetes (T1D) forms part of the autoimmune manifestations. Here, we reviewed the mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family, namely gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in STAT1 and STAT3 as well as STAT5b deficiency, that show strong association to T1D susceptibility. The equilibrium of T-helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is often found altered in patients affected by STAT GOF mutations. While the increased number of Th17 cells and the concomitant decrease in Treg cells may explain T1D in STAT3 GOF patients, the reduced number of Th17 cells found in those carrying STAT1 GOF mutations added a new level of complexity on the exact role of Th17 in the pathogenesis of T1D. Here, we describe the possible mechanisms through which STAT3 and STAT1 GOF mutations may perturb the fate and function of Th17 and Tregs and explore how this may lead to the development of T1D. We propose that the study of monogenic diseases, and in particular STAT mutations, may not only improve our understanding of the function of the human immune system but also shed light onto the pathogenic mechanisms of T1D and the genetic variants that confer predisposition to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fabbri
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mikaela Frixou
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Massimo Degano
- Biocrystallography Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Fousteri
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Fitas AL, Martins C, Borrego LM, Lopes L, Jörns A, Lenzen S, Limbert C. Immune cell and cytokine patterns in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus undergoing a remission phase: A longitudinal study. Pediatr Diabetes 2018. [PMID: 29527790 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops in distinct stages, before and after disease onset. Whether the natural course translates into different immunologic patterns is still uncertain. This study aimed at identifying peripheral immune patterns at key time-points, in T1D children undergoing remission phase. METHODS Children with new-onset T1D and healthy age and gender-matched controls were recruited at a pediatric hospital. Peripheral blood samples were evaluated by flow cytometry at 3 longitudinal time-points: onset (T1), remission phase (T2) and established disease (T3). Cytokine levels were quantified by multiplex assay. Fasting C-peptide, HbA1c, and 25OHD were also measured. RESULTS T1D children (n = 28; 10.0 ± 2.6 years) showed significant differences from controls in circulating neutrophils, T helper (Th)17 and natural killer (NK) cells, with relevant variations during disease progression. At onset, neutrophils, NK, Th17 and T cytotoxic (Tc)17 cells were decreased. As disease progressed, neutrophil counts recovered whereas NK counts remained low. Th17 and Tc17 cells behavior followed the neutrophil variation pattern. B-cells were lowest in the remission phase and regulatory T-cells significantly declined after remission. Two cytokine response profiles were identified. Low cytokine-responders showed higher circulating fasting C-peptide levels at onset and longer remission periods. C-peptide inversely correlated with pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest an association between immune cells, cytokine patterns and metabolic counterparts. The dynamic changes of circulating immune cells during disease progression involve key innate and acquired immune cell types. This longitudinal picture of T1D progression may enable disease staging and patient stratification, essential for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Fitas
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Martins
- Chronic Diseases Research Center CEDOC-NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Borrego
- Chronic Diseases Research Center CEDOC-NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Lopes
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anne Jörns
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sigurd Lenzen
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Diabetes Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Catarina Limbert
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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24
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Recovery of Cardiac Remodeling and Dysmetabolism by Pancreatic Islet Injury Improvement in Diabetic Rats after Yacon Leaf Extract Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1821359. [PMID: 30057670 PMCID: PMC6051012 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1821359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a native Andean plant rich in phenolic compounds, and its effects on dysmetabolism and cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats was evaluated. The rats (10/group) were allocated as follows: C, controls; C + Y, controls treated with Yacon leaf extract (YLE); DM, diabetic controls; and DM + Y, diabetic rats treated with YLE. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg−1/kg body weight, single dose, i.p.), and treated groups received 100 mg/kg body weight YLE daily via gavage for 30 d. The YLE group shows an improvement in dysmetabolism and cardiomyopathy in the diabetic condition (DM versus DM + Y) promoting a significant reduction of glycemia by 63.39%, an increase in insulin concentration by 49.30%, and a decrease in serum triacylglycerol and fatty acid contents by 0.39- and 0.43-fold, respectively, by ameliorating the pancreatic islet injury, as well as increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) and decreasing the fibrosis and cellular disorganization in cardiac tissue. The apparent benefits of YLE seem to be mediated by ameliorating dysmetabolism and oxidative stress in pancreatic and cardiac tissues.
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25
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Abdel-Moneim A, Bakery HH, Allam G. The potential pathogenic role of IL-17/Th17 cells in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:287-292. [PMID: 29499402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious medical problem affecting millions of peoples worldwide, and has a great socio-economic impacts. Cytokines possess a pivotal role in modulation of immune reactions and disease pathogenesis. T-helper type 17 (Th17) cells, an important proinflammatory CD4+ T cell subset secreting interleukin 17 (IL-17), has been embroiled in development of DM. There are recent evidences supporting a definitive role of Th17 cells in the etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In addition, IL-17 has been shown to play a crucial role in inflammation, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, small molecules which have been specified to block Th17 cells differentiation are considered as potential therapeutics for the disease. Anti-IL-17 neutralizing antibodies and/or antibodies targeting Th17 cells have been investigated to protect individuals at risk from disease development. In this review we aimed to shed light on the potential role of IL-17 and Th17 cells in both T1D and T2D pathogenesis and future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba H Bakery
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gamal Allam
- Immunology Division, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Immunology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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MSC-derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Immune Responses in Two Autoimmune Murine Models: Type 1 Diabetes and Uveoretinitis. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 8:1214-1225. [PMID: 28494937 PMCID: PMC5425726 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exert their therapeutic effects in several disease models. We previously demonstrated that MSCs suppress autoimmunity in models of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Therefore, here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs using our established mouse models for autoimmune diseases affecting the pancreas and the eye: T1D and EAU. The data demonstrate that MSC-derived EVs effectively prevent the onset of disease in both T1D and EAU. In addition, the mixed lymphocyte reaction assay with MSC-derived EVs indicated that EVs inhibit activation of antigen-presenting cells and suppress development of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells. These results raise the possibility that MSC-derived EVs may be an alternative to cell therapy for autoimmune disease prevention. MSC-derived EVs prevent the onset of T1D and EAU MSC-derived EVs suppress Th1 and Th17 cell development MSC-derived EVs suppress activation of antigen-presenting cells and T cells
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27
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Kaminitz A, Ash S, Askenasy N. Neutralization Versus Reinforcement of Proinflammatory Cytokines to Arrest Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 52:460-472. [PMID: 27677500 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As physiological pathways of intercellular communication produced by all cells, cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory insulitis as well as pivotal mediators of immune homeostasis. Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukins, interferons, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide promote destructive insulitis in type 1 diabetes through amplification of the autoimmune reaction, direct toxicity to β-cells, and sensitization of islets to apoptosis. The concept that neutralization of cytokines may be of therapeutic benefit has been tested in few clinical studies, which fell short of inducing sustained remission or achieving disease arrest. Therapeutic failure is explained by the redundant activities of individual cytokines and their combinations, which are rather dispensable in the process of destructive insulitis because other cytolytic pathways efficiently compensate their deficiency. Proinflammatory cytokines are less redundant in regulation of the inflammatory reaction, displaying protective effects through restriction of effector cell activity, reinforcement of suppressor cell function, and participation in islet recovery from injury. Our analysis suggests that the role of cytokines in immune homeostasis overrides their contribution to β-cell death and may be used as potent immunomodulatory agents for therapeutic purposes rather than neutralized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Kaminitz
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49202
| | - Shifra Ash
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49202
| | - Nadir Askenasy
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49202.
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Yuan X, Dong Y, Tsurushita N, Tso JY, Fu W. CD122 blockade restores immunological tolerance in autoimmune type 1 diabetes via multiple mechanisms. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96600. [PMID: 29367461 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through IL-2/IL-15Rβ (CD122) is essential for the differentiation and function of T cells and NK cells. A mAb against CD122 has been implicated to suppress autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) development in animal models. However, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. We find that in vivo administration of an anti-CD122 mAb (CD122 blockade) restores immune tolerance in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice via multiple mechanisms. First, CD122 blockade selectively ablates pathogenic NK cells and memory phenotype CD8+ T cells from pancreatic islets. In contrast, islet CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs are only mildly affected. Second, CD122 blockade suppresses IFN-γ production in islet immune cells. Third, CD122 blockade inhibits the conversion of islet Th17 cells into diabetogenic Th1 cells. Furthermore, a combination of anti-CD122 mAb and Treg-trophic cytokines (IL-2 or IL-33) enhances the abundance and function of islet Tregs. In summary, these data provide crucial mechanistic insights into CD122 blockade-mediated immunoregulation and support therapeutic benefits of this combinational treatment in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yuan
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - J Yun Tso
- JN Biosciences, Mountain View, California, USA
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health and.,Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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Zhang W, Zhou L, Dang J, Zhang X, Wang J, Chen Y, Liang J, Li D, Ma J, Yuan J, Chen W, Zadeh HH, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Streptozoticin-induced T1DM in mice via Suppression of T effector cells and Up-regulating Treg Subsets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15249. [PMID: 29127315 PMCID: PMC5681565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is yet no cure for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) so far. A significant body of evidence has demonstrated that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed great potential in controlling T1DM. But there exists much difficulty in using BMSCs as a clinical therapy. We here test whether a new population of mesenchymal stem cells from human gingiva (GMSCs), which has many advantages over BMSCs, can delay or prevent progress of T1DM. GMSCs were adoptively transferred to multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM. Blood glucose levels and disease severities were analyzed. T cells subsets in blood, spleen and lymph nodes were detected dynamically by flow cytometry. GMSC distribution was dynamically analyzed. We found that infusion of GMSCs but not fibroblast cells significantly controlled blood glucose levels, delayed diabetes onset, ameliorated pathology scores in pancreas, and down-regulated production of IL-17 and IFN-γ in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleens, pancreatic lymph nodes (pLN) and other lymph nodes. GMSCs also up-regulated the levels of CD4+ Treg induced in the periphery. Mechanismly, GMSCs could migrate to pancreas and local lymph node and function through CD39/CD73 pathway to regulate effector T cells. Thus, GMSCs show a potential promise in treating T1DM in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Expert Workstation and Division of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, Yunnan Province, China
- Division of Rheumatology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, 17033, PA, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Division of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Division of Rheumatology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, 17033, PA, USA
| | - Junlong Dang
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Division of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Division of Rheumatology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, 17033, PA, USA
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Division of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, 17033, PA, USA
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Division of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jichao Liang
- Expert Workstation and Division of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Expert Workstation and Division of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jilin Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, 17033, PA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Division of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Expert Workstation and Division of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Homayoun H Zadeh
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, University of Southern California Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, 17033, PA, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Division of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Division of Rheumatology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, 17033, PA, USA.
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30
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Azuma MM, Gomes-Filho JE, Prieto AKC, Samuel RO, de Lima VMF, Sumida DH, Ervolino E, Cintra LTA. Diabetes increases interleukin-17 levels in periapical, hepatic, and renal tissues in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:230-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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St. Clair JB, Detanico T, Aviszus K, Kirchenbaum GA, Christie M, Carpenter JF, Wysocki LJ. Immunogenicity of Isogenic IgG in Aggregates and Immune Complexes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170556. [PMID: 28114383 PMCID: PMC5256993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A paradox in monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is that despite the well-documented tolerogenic properties of deaggregated IgG, most therapeutic IgG mAb induce anti-mAb responses. To analyze CD4 T cell reactions against IgG in various physical states, we developed an adoptive transfer model using CD4+ T cells specific for a Vκ region-derived peptide in the hapten-specific IgG mAb 36–71. We found that heat-aggregated or immune complexes (IC) of mAb 36–71 elicited anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, while the deaggregated form was tolerogenic. All 3 forms of mAb 36–71 induced proliferation of cognate CD4+ T cells, but the aggregated and immune complex forms drove more division cycles and induced T follicular helper cells (TFH) development more effectively than did the deaggregated form. These responses occurred despite no adjuvant and no or only trace levels of endotoxin in the preparations. Physical analyses revealed large differences in micron- and nanometer-sized particles between the aggregated and IC forms. These differences may be functionally relevant, as CD4+ T cell proliferation to aggregated, but not IC mAb 36–71, was nearly ablated upon peritoneal injection of B cell-depleting antibody. Our results imply that, in addition to denatured aggregates, immune complexes formed in vivo between therapeutic mAb and their intended targets can be immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Benjamin St. Clair
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver CO, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thiago Detanico
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver CO, United States of America
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katja Aviszus
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver CO, United States of America
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Greg A. Kirchenbaum
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Merry Christie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John F. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Wysocki
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Karri SK, Sheela A. Potential route of Th17/T reg cell dynamics in targeting type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis: an autoimmune disorder perspective. Br J Biomed Sci 2017; 74:8-15. [PMID: 28074676 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2016.1264704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines, small secreted proteins, have a specific effect on the interactions and communications between cells. They play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Factors in the breakdown of self-tolerance and the subsequent events leading to the induction of pathogenic responses remain unclear for most of the autoimmune diseases. Large numbers of studies have revealed a general scheme in which pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the initiation and propagation of autoimmune inflammation, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines facilitate the regression of inflammation and thereby recovery from the disease. The interleukin (IL)-17/IL-23 axis that emerged as the new paradigm has compelled us to critically re-examine the cytokine-driven immune events in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmunity. T-helper 17 cells and Regulatory T cells are two lymphocyte subsets with opposing action. In this review, we discuss the mechanism that promotes development of these cells from common precursors and specific factors that impact their cell numbers and function. Also presented are findings that suggest how the equilibrium between pre-inflammatory T helper and regulatory T-cell subsets might be pharmacologically restored for therapeutic benefit, emphasising type-1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, the emerging clinical data showing anti-IL-17 and anti-IL-23 treatments for their efficacy in treating immune-mediated inflammatory diseases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Karri
- a Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences , VIT University , Vellore , India
| | - A Sheela
- a Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences , VIT University , Vellore , India
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George JA, Bashir G, Qureshi MM, Mohamed YA, Azzi J, Al-Ramadi BK, Fernández-Cabezudo MJ. Cholinergic Stimulation Prevents the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes: Evidence for the Modulation of Th17 Effector Cells via an IFNγ-Dependent Mechanism. Front Immunol 2016; 7:419. [PMID: 27790217 PMCID: PMC5061850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes (T1D) results from T cell-mediated damage of pancreatic β-cells and loss of insulin production. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway represents a physiological link connecting the central nervous and immune systems via vagus nerve, and functions to control the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Using the multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) model to induce experimental autoimmune diabetes, we investigated the potential of regulating the development of hyperglycemia through administration of paraoxon, a highly specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI). We demonstrate that pretreatment with paraoxon prevented hyperglycemia in STZ-treated C57BL/6 mice. This correlated with a reduction in T cell infiltration into pancreatic islets and preservation of the structure and functionality of β-cells. Gene expression analysis of pancreatic tissue revealed that increased peripheral cholinergic activity prevented STZ-mediated loss of insulin production, this being associated with a reduction in IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 proinflammatory cytokines. Intracellular cytokine analysis in splenic T cells demonstrated that inhibition of AChE led to a shift in STZ-induced immune response from a predominantly disease-causing IL-17-expressing Th17 cells to IFNγ-positive Th1 cells. Consistent with this conclusion, inhibition of AChE failed to prevent STZ-induced hyperglycemia in IFNγ-deficient mice. Our results provide mechanistic evidence for the prevention of murine T1D by inhibition of AChE and suggest a promising strategy for modulating disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junu A George
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Ghada Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Mohammed M Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Yassir A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Maria J Fernández-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University , Al-Ain , UAE
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Chen W, Wan X, Ukah TK, Miller MM, Barik S, Cattin-Roy AN, Zaghouani H. Antigen-Specific Immune Modulation Targets mTORC1 Function To Drive Chemokine Receptor-Mediated T Cell Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3554-3565. [PMID: 27671108 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To contain autoimmunity, pathogenic T cells must be eliminated or diverted from reaching the target organ. Recently, we defined a novel form of T cell tolerance whereby treatment with Ag downregulates expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and prevents diabetogenic Th1 cells from reaching the pancreas, leading to suppression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This report defines the signaling events underlying Ag-induced chemokine receptor-mediated tolerance. Specifically, we show that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major target for induction of CXCR3 downregulation and crippling of Th1 cells. Indeed, Ag administration induces upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 on dendritic cells in a T cell-dependent manner. In return, programmed death-ligand 1 interacts with the constitutively expressed programmed death-1 on the target T cells and stimulates docking of Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 phosphatase to the cytoplasmic tail of programmed death-1. Active Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 impairs the signaling function of the PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, leading to functional defect of mTORC1, downregulation of CXCR3 expression, and suppression of T1D. Thus, mTORC1 component of the metabolic pathway serves as a target for chemokine receptor-mediated T cell tolerance and suppression of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Xiaoxiao Wan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Tobechukwu K Ukah
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Mindy M Miller
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Subhasis Barik
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Alexis N Cattin-Roy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Habib Zaghouani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212; .,Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212; and.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
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Liu KF, Liu XR, Li GL, Lu SP, Jin L, Wu J. Oral administration of Lactococcus lactis-expressing heat shock protein 65 and tandemly repeated IA2P2 prevents type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Immunol Lett 2016; 174:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ehrlich AK, Pennington JM, Wang X, Rohlman D, Punj S, Löhr CV, Newman MT, Kolluri SK, Kerkvliet NI. Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by 10-Cl-BBQ Prevents Insulitis and Effector T Cell Development Independently of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:264-73. [PMID: 26573835 PMCID: PMC4684970 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by high-affinity ligands mediates immunosuppression in association with increased regulatory T cells (Tregs), making this transcription factor an attractive therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. We recently discovered 10-chloro-7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benzo[de]iso-quinolin-7-one (10-Cl-BBQ), a nanomolar affinity AhR ligand with immunosuppressive activity and favorable pharmacologic properties. In this study, we tested the consequences of AhR activation in the NOD model. Oral 10-Cl-BBQ treatment prevented islet infiltration without clinical toxicity, whereas AhR-deficient NOD mice were not protected. Suppression of insulitis was associated with an increased frequency, but not total number, of Foxp3(+) Tregs in the pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes. The requirement for Foxp3(+) cells in AhR-induced suppression of insulitis was tested using NOD.Foxp3(DTR) mice, which show extensive islet infiltration upon treatment with diphtheria toxin. AhR activation prevented the development of insulitis caused by the depletion of Foxp3(+) cells, demonstrating that Foxp3(+) cells are not required for AhR-mediated suppression and furthermore that the AhR pathway is able to compensate for the absence of Foxp3(+) Tregs, countering current dogma. Concurrently, the development of disease-associated CD4(+)Nrp1(+)Foxp3(-)RORγt(+) cells was inhibited by AhR activation. Taken together, 10-Cl-BBQ is an effective, nontoxic AhR ligand for the intervention of immune-mediated diseases that functions independently of Foxp3(+) Tregs to suppress pathogenic T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Ehrlich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and
| | - Jamie M Pennington
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and
| | - Xisheng Wang
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and
| | - Diana Rohlman
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and
| | - Sumit Punj
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Matthew T Newman
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and
| | - Siva K Kolluri
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and
| | - Nancy I Kerkvliet
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and
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Li H, Li D, Sun J, Li Y, Yang W, Li Y. Autoimmune regulator‑overexpressing dendritic cells induce T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells by upregulating cytokine expression. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:565-71. [PMID: 26548750 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune regulator (Aire) protein is a transcriptional activator that is essential in central immune tolerance, as it regulates the ectopic expression of many tissue‑restricted antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells. Aire expression has also been described in hematopoietic cells, such as monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), in the peripheral immune system. However, the role of Aire expression in peripheral immune system cells, including DCs, remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effects of secreted cytokines from Aire‑overexpressing DCs on cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cell subsets were investigated. The dendritic cell line, DC2.4, which overexpresses Aire, was co‑cultured with CD4+ T cells from splenocytes using Transwell inserts. The results indicate that Aire‑overexpressing cells induce T helper (Th)1 subsets by increasing interleukin (IL)‑12 expression, and induce Th17 subsets by upregulating IL‑6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β production. In addition, it was observed that increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‑regulated kinases and p38 upregulated the expression of cytokines in Aire‑overexpressing cells. These data suggest that Aire may have a role in inducing Th1 and Th17 differentiation by upregulating cytokine expression in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dongbei Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jitong Sun
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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38
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Regulation of Interleukin-17 Production. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 941:139-166. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Th17 Cells in Type 1 Diabetes: Role in the Pathogenesis and Regulation by Gut Microbiome. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:638470. [PMID: 26843788 PMCID: PMC4710950 DOI: 10.1155/2015/638470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease which is characterized by progressive destruction of insulin producing pancreatic islet β cells. The risk of developing T1D is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. A growing body of evidence supports an important role of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells along with impaired T regulatory (Treg) cells in the development of T1D in animal models and humans. Alteration of gut microbiota has been implicated to be responsible for the imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells. However, there is controversy concerning a pathogenic versus protective role of Th17 cells in murine models of diabetes in the context of influence of gut microbiota. In this review we will summarize current knowledge about Th17 cells and gut microbiota involved in T1D and propose Th17 targeted therapy in children with islet autoimmunity to prevent progression to overt diabetes.
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Carrascal J, Carrillo J, Arpa B, Egia-Mendikute L, Rosell-Mases E, Pujol-Autonell I, Planas R, Mora C, Mauricio D, Ampudia RM, Vives-Pi M, Verdaguer J. B-cell anergy induces a Th17 shift in a novel B lymphocyte transgenic NOD mouse model, the 116C-NOD mouse. Eur J Immunol 2015; 46:593-608. [PMID: 26639224 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive B lymphocytes play a key role as APCs in diaebetogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether B-cell tolerance is compromised in NOD mice. Here, we describe a new B lymphocyte transgenic NOD mouse model, the 116C-NOD mouse, where the transgenes derive from an islet-infiltrating B lymphocyte of a (8.3-NODxNOR) F1 mouse. The 116C-NOD mouse produces clonal B lymphocytes with pancreatic islet beta cell specificity. The incidence of T1D in 116C-NOD mice is decreased in both genders when compared with NOD mice. Moreover, several immune selection mechanisms (including clonal deletion and anergy) acting on the development, phenotype, and function of autoreactive B lymphocytes during T1D development have been identified in the 116C-NOD mouse. Surprisingly, a more accurate analysis revealed that, despite their anergic phenotype, 116C B cells express some costimulatory molecules after activation, and induce a T-cell shift toward a Th17 phenotype. Furthermore, this shift on T lymphocytes seems to occur not only when both T and B cells contact, but also when helper T (Th) lineage is established. The 116C-NOD mouse model could be useful to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the generation of Th-cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Carrascal
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Berta Arpa
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Leire Egia-Mendikute
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Estela Rosell-Mases
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- Immunology Department, Institut d'Investigacio Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Planas
- Immunology Department, Institut d'Investigacio Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conchi Mora
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Ampudia
- Immunology Department, Institut d'Investigacio Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Department, Institut d'Investigacio Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Verdaguer
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Walker LSK, von Herrath M. CD4 T cell differentiation in type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 183:16-29. [PMID: 26102289 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is associated strongly with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes, implicating T cells in disease pathogenesis. In humans, CD8 T cells predominantly infiltrate the islets, yet their activation and propagation probably requires CD4 T cell help. CD4 T cells can select from several differentiation fates following activation, and this choice has profound consequences for their subsequent cytokine production and migratory potential. In turn, these features dictate which other immune cell types T cells interact with and influence, thereby determining downstream effector functions. Obtaining an accurate picture of the type of CD4 T cell differentiation associated with a particular immune-mediated disease therefore constitutes an important clue when planning intervention strategies. Early models of T cell differentiation focused on the dichotomy between T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses, with type 1 diabetes (T1D) being viewed mainly as a Th1-mediated pathology. However, several additional fate choices have emerged in recent years, including Th17 cells and follicular helper T cells. Here we revisit the issue of T cell differentiation in autoimmune diabetes, highlighting new evidence from both mouse models and patient samples. We assess the strengths and the weaknesses of the Th1 paradigm, review the data on interleukin (IL)-17 production in type 1 diabetes and discuss emerging evidence for the roles of IL-21 and follicular helper T cells in this disease setting. A better understanding of the phenotype of CD4 T cells in T1D will undoubtedly inform biomarker development, improve patient stratification and potentially reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - M von Herrath
- Type 1 Diabetes Center, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA and Novo Nordisk Diabetes Research and Development Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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42
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Berry GJ, Frielle C, Luu T, Salzberg AC, Rainbow DB, Wicker LS, Waldner H. Genome-wide transcriptional analyses of islet-specific CD4+ T cells identify Idd9 genes controlling diabetogenic T cell function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2654-63. [PMID: 25672752 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic disease with multiple insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) loci predisposing humans and NOD mice to disease. NOD.B10 Idd9 congenic mice, in which the NOD Idd9 chromosomal region is replaced by the Idd9 from T1D-resistant C57BL/10 mice, are significantly protected from T1D development. However, the genes and pathways conferring T1D development or protection by Idd9 remain to be fully elucidated. We have developed novel NOD.B10-Idd9 (line 905) congenic mice that predominantly harbor islet-reactive CD4(+) T cells expressing the BDC2.5 TCR (BDC-Idd9.905 mice). To establish functional links between the Idd9 genotype and its phenotype, we used microarray analyses to investigate the gene expression profiles of ex vivo and Ag-activated CD4(+) T cells from these mice and BDC2.5 (BDC) NOD controls. Among the differentially expressed genes, those located within the Idd9 region were greatly enriched in islet-specific CD4(+) T cells. Bioinformatics analyses of differentially expressed genes between BDC-Idd9.905 and BDC CD4(+) T cells identified Eno1, Rbbp4, and Mtor, all of which are encoded by Idd9 and part of gene networks involved in cellular growth and development. As predicted, proliferation and Th1/Th17 responses of islet-specific CD4(+) T cells from BDC-Idd9.905 mice following Ag stimulation in vitro were reduced compared with BDC mice. Furthermore, proliferative responses to endogenous autoantigen and diabetogenic function were impaired in BDC-Idd9.905 CD4(+) T cells. These findings suggest that differential expression of the identified Idd9 genes contributed to Idd9-dependent T1D susceptibility by controlling the diabetogenic function of islet-specific CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Christine Frielle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Thaiphi Luu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Anna C Salzberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Daniel B Rainbow
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Linda S Wicker
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Hanspeter Waldner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033;
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43
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Molecular underpinnings of Th17 immune-regulation and their implications in autoimmune diabetes. Cytokine 2015; 71:366-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Perez S, Fishman S, Bordowitz A, Margalit A, Wong FS, Gross G. Selective immunotargeting of diabetogenic CD4 T cells by genetically redirected T cells. Immunology 2015; 143:609-17. [PMID: 24943731 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The key role played by islet-reactive CD8 and CD4 T cells in type 1 diabetes calls for new immunotherapies that target pathogenic T cells in a selective manner. We previously demonstrated that genetically linking the signalling portion of CD3-ζ onto the C-terminus of β2 -microglobulin and an autoantigenic peptide to its N-terminus converts MHC-I complexes into functional T-cell receptor-specific receptors. CD8 T cells expressing such receptors specifically killed diabetogenic CD8 T cells, blocked T-cell-induced diabetes in immunodeficient NOD.SCID mice and suppressed disease in wild-type NOD mice. Here we describe the immunotargeting of CD4 T cells by chimeric MHC-II receptors. To this end we chose the diabetogenic NOD CD4 T-cell clone BDC2.5, which recognizes the I-A(g7) -bound 1040-31 mimotope. We assembled several constructs encoding I-A(g7) α- and β-chains, the latter carrying mim or hen egg lysozyme peptide as control, each supplemented with CD3-ζ intracellular portion, either with or without its transmembrane domain. Following mRNA co-transfection of reporter B3Z T cells and mouse CD8 and CD4 T cells, these constructs triggered robust activation upon I-A(g7) cross-linking. A BDC2.5 T-cell hybridoma activated B3Z transfectants expressing the mimotope, but not the control peptide, in both configurations. Potent two-way activation was also evident with transgenic BDC2.5 CD4 T cells, but peptide-specific activation required the CD3-ζ transmembrane domain. Chimeric MHC-II/CD3-ζ complexes therefore allow the selective immunotargeting of islet-reactive CD4 T cells, which take part in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Perez
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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45
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Shimizu M, Yasuda H, Hara K, Takahashi K, Nagata M, Yokono K. The dual role of scavenger receptor class A in development of diabetes in autoimmune NOD mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109531. [PMID: 25343451 PMCID: PMC4208757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results from the autoreactive destruction of pancreatic β cells by T cells. Antigen presenting cells including dendritic cells and macrophages are required to activate and suppress antigen-specific T cells. It has been suggested that antigen uptake from live cells by dendritic cells via scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) may be important. However, the role of SR-A in autoimmune disease is unknown. In this study, SR-A-/- nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice showed significant attenuation of insulitis, lower levels of insulin autoantibodies, and suppression of diabetes development compared with NOD mice. We also found that diabetes progression in SR-A-/- NOD mice treated with low-dose polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) was significantly accelerated compared with that in disease-resistant NOD mice treated with low-dose poly(I:C). In addition, injection of high-dose poly(I: C) to mimic an acute RNA virus infection significantly accelerated diabetes development in young SR-A-/- NOD mice compared with untreated SR-A-/- NOD mice. Pathogenic cells including CD4+CD25+ activated T cells were increased more in SR-A-/- NOD mice treated with poly(I:C) than in untreated SR-A-/- NOD mice. These results suggested that viral infection might accelerate diabetes development even in diabetes-resistant subjects. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated that diabetes progression was suppressed in SR-A-/- NOD mice and that acceleration of diabetes development could be induced in young mice by poly(I:C) treatment even in SR-A-/- NOD mice. These results suggest that SR-A on antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells may play an unfavorable role in the steady state and a protective role in a mild infection. Our findings imply that SR-A may be an important target for improving therapeutic strategies for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Shimizu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisafumi Yasuda
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Community Health Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenta Hara
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuma Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masao Nagata
- Division of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Kakogawa West City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Yokono
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
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46
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Wan X, Zaghouani H. Antigen-specific therapy against type 1 diabetes: mechanisms and perspectives. Immunotherapy 2014; 6:155-64. [PMID: 24491089 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an immune-mediated disease that occurs when the insulin-producing β‑cells of the pancreatic islets are destroyed by an inflammatory process perpetuated by cells of the immune system. The logical approach to suppress T1D is to inactivate or eliminate the lymphocytes responsible for inducing inflammation and targeting the β‑cells. Antigen-specific approaches have been devised and were able to target inflammatory lymphocytes and induce apoptosis or block trafficking to pancreatic islets. Lack of costimulation, expansion of Tregs and bystander suppression are likely mechanisms by which antigen-specific treatments modulate pathogenic T cells. This strategy, however, while prevents the onset of T1D, could not overcome overt T1D, perhaps because of collateral damage to the islet vascular network. Recent developments indicate that donor endothelial stem cell precursors can repair the islets' vascular niche and assist antigen-specific therapy against overt T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wan
- Department of Pathology & Immunology. Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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47
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Robert S, Gysemans C, Takiishi T, Korf H, Spagnuolo I, Sebastiani G, Van Huynegem K, Steidler L, Caluwaerts S, Demetter P, Wasserfall CH, Atkinson MA, Dotta F, Rottiers P, Van Belle TL, Mathieu C. Oral delivery of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-65 and IL10 by Lactococcus lactis reverses diabetes in recent-onset NOD mice. Diabetes 2014; 63:2876-87. [PMID: 24677716 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing insight into the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and numerous studies in preclinical models highlight the potential of antigen-specific approaches to restore tolerance efficiently and safely. Oral administration of protein antigens is a preferred method for tolerance induction, but degradation during gastrointestinal passage can impede such protein-based therapies, reducing their efficacy and making them cost-ineffective. To overcome these limitations, we generated a tolerogenic bacterial delivery technology based on live Lactococcus lactis (LL) bacteria for controlled secretion of the T1D autoantigen GAD65370-575 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in the gut. In combination with short-course low-dose anti-CD3, this treatment stabilized insulitis, preserved functional β-cell mass, and restored normoglycemia in recent-onset NOD mice, even when hyperglycemia was severe at diagnosis. Combination therapy did not eliminate pathogenic effector T cells, but increased the presence of functional CD4(+)Foxp3(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. These preclinical data indicate a great therapeutic potential of orally administered autoantigen-secreting LL for tolerance induction in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Robert
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Takiishi
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabella Spagnuolo
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Tom L Van Belle
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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48
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Targeting the IL-17/IFN-γ axis as a potential new clinical therapy for type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2014; 154:84-9. [PMID: 24947953 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. There is now mounting evidence that pro-inflammatory pathways, which are mediated by T cells that secrete IL-17 and IFN-γ, play a critical role in the loss of beta cells. These data suggest that blockade of T cells that secrete IL-17 and IFN-γ may halt or reverse disease in subjects with recent-onset T1D. Agents to facilitate this approach are currently in clinical use. Ustekinumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the shared p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, has been used for the treatment of psoriasis, an indication for which it has proven to be safe and effective. In this review, we summarize the evidence that supports a combined pathogenic role of IL-17 and IFN-γ in the development of T1D, with the aim of providing a rationale for testing agents such as ustekinumab for the treatment of T1D.
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49
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Xu X, Zheng S, Yang F, Shi Y, Gu Y, Chen H, Zhang M, Yang T. Increased Th22 cells are independently associated with Th17 cells in type 1 diabetes. Endocrine 2014; 46:90-8. [PMID: 23928796 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is perceived as an autoimmune disease caused by T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. However, the number of inflammatory T cells in blood, as well as the relative importance of each cell type is unclear. Forty-two patients with T1D and 30 controls were enrolled. Circulating primary CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells were quantified with 5-color flow cytometry. Serum IL-22 and IL-17 levels were examined by ELISA. Serum autoantibodies were measured by radio-binding assays, using (35)S-labeled glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65), protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (IA-2), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8). Th17-Th22 and Tc1-Tc17 were significantly elevated in patients with T1D compared to control subjects, while there were no significant differences in Th1 cells. The levels of these T cells in different stages of T1D were investigated. Th22 cells showed a positive correlation with Th17 cells in T1D patients. However, we did not find any correlation between IL-17 and IL-22 in sera. Autoantibodies were not significantly different between patients with early T1D and those who have had it for a longer duration. This study indicates that Th22 may contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D. Blockade of Th22 cells might be of clinical profit in T1D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
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50
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Li S, Joseph C, Becourt C, Klibi J, Luce S, Dubois-Laforgue D, Larger E, Boitard C, Benlagha K. Potential role of IL-17-producing iNKT cells in type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96151. [PMID: 24788601 PMCID: PMC4005752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored in this study the status and potential role of IL-17-producing iNKT cells (iNKT17) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) by analyzing these cells in patients with T1D, and in NOD mice, a mouse model for T1D. Our analysis in mice showed an increase of iNKT17 cells in NOD vs control C57BL/6 mice, partly due to a better survival of these cells in the periphery. We also found a higher frequency of these cells in autoimmune-targeted organs with the occurrence of diabetes, suggesting their implication in the disease development. In humans, though absent in fresh PMBCs, iNKT17 cells are detected in vitro with a higher frequency in T1D patients compared to control subjects in the presence of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, known to contribute to diabetes occurrence. These IL-1β-stimulated iNKT cells from T1D patients keep their potential to produce IFN-γ, a cytokine that drives islet β-cell destruction, but not IL-4, with a reverse picture observed in healthy volunteers. On the whole, our results argue in favour of a potential role of IL-17-producing iNKT cells in T1D and suggest that inflammation in T1D patients could induce a Th1/Th17 cytokine secretion profile in iNKT cells promoting disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamin Li
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1160, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Joseph
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1160, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Becourt
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Jihene Klibi
- Département de Bactériologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Luce
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Dubois-Laforgue
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôtel Dieu, GH Cochin-Hôtel Dieu-Broca, APHP et Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Larger
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôtel Dieu, GH Cochin-Hôtel Dieu-Broca, APHP et Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christian Boitard
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôtel Dieu, GH Cochin-Hôtel Dieu-Broca, APHP et Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1160, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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