1
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Renatino Canevarolo R, Sudalagunta PR, Meads MB, Silva M, Zhao X, Magaletti D, Alugubelli RR, DeAvila G, Persi E, Maura F, Bell ET, Bishop RT, Cubitt CL, Sansil SS, Zhang W, Teer JK, Teng M, Yoder SJ, Siegel EM, Shah BD, Nishihori T, Hazlehurst LA, Lynch CC, Landgren O, Hampton O, Gatenby RA, Sullivan DM, Brayer JB, Dalton WS, Cleveland JL, Alsina M, Baz R, Shain KH, Silva AS. Epigenetic Plasticity Drives Carcinogenesis and Multi-Therapy Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2025:rs.3.rs-6306816. [PMID: 40321765 PMCID: PMC12048002 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6306816/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2025]
Abstract
We demonstrate that carcinogenesis and multi-therapy resistance in multiple myeloma (MM)-a treatable yet incurable plasma cell malignancy-are driven by epigenetic dysregulation. In this new paradigm, genomic and cytogenetic events unlock epigenetic plasticity, reshaping MM cell biology to evade tumor microenvironment constraints and therapeutic pressure. These conclusions are derived from a newly assembled cohort of nearly 1,000 patients, spanning premalignant to late-stage refractory MM, comprehensively characterized at molecular and clinical levels. Our findings provide a unifying framework to explain inter-patient genomic heterogeneity and the emergence of therapy resistance in sequential samples without new genomic alterations. In conclusion, we propose targeting epigenetic plasticity-mediated plasma cell evasion as a promising therapeutic strategy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Renatino Canevarolo
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Praneeth Reddy Sudalagunta
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mark B. Meads
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maria Silva
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dario Magaletti
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Gabriel DeAvila
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erez Persi
- Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Maura
- Division of Myeloma, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elissa T. Bell
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ryan T. Bishop
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christopher L. Cubitt
- Immune Monitoring Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Samer S. Sansil
- Cancer Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jamie K. Teer
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mingxiang Teng
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sean J. Yoder
- Molecular Genomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erin M. Siegel
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bijal D. Shah
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Taiga Nishihori
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lori A. Hazlehurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Conor C. Lynch
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ola Landgren
- Division of Myeloma, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Gatenby
- Departments of Radiology and Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel M. Sullivan
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jason B. Brayer
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William S. Dalton
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John L. Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melissa Alsina
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rachid Baz
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Shain
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ariosto Siqueira Silva
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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2
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Fu S, Li WV. Predicting and comparing transcription start sites in single cell populations. PLoS Comput Biol 2025; 21:e1012878. [PMID: 40179341 PMCID: PMC11968111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
The advent of 5' single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies offers unique opportunities to identify and analyze transcription start sites (TSSs) at a single-cell resolution. These technologies have the potential to uncover the complexities of transcription initiation and alternative TSS usage across different cell types and conditions. Despite the emergence of computational methods designed to analyze 5' RNA sequencing data, current methods often lack comparative evaluations in single-cell contexts and are predominantly tailored for paired-end data, neglecting the potential of single-end data. This study introduces scTSS, a computational pipeline developed to bridge this gap by accommodating both paired-end and single-end 5' scRNA-seq data. scTSS enables joint analysis of multiple single-cell samples, starting with TSS cluster prediction and quantification, followed by differential TSS usage analysis. It employs a Binomial generalized linear mixed model to accurately and efficiently detect differential TSS usage. We demonstrate the utility of scTSS through its application in analyzing transcriptional initiation from single-cell data of two distinct diseases. The results illustrate scTSS's ability to discern alternative TSS usage between different cell types or biological conditions and to identify cell subpopulations characterized by unique TSS-level expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Fu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riveside, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Vivian Li
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riveside, California, United States of America
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3
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Chen P, Lin L, Lin X, Liao K, Qiang J, Wang Z, Wu J, Li Y, Yang L, Yao N, Song H, Hong Y, Liu WH, Zhang Y, Chang X, Du D, Xiao C. A Csde1-Strap complex regulates plasma cell differentiation by coupling mRNA translation and decay. Nat Commun 2025; 16:2906. [PMID: 40133358 PMCID: PMC11937441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Upon encountering antigens, B cells may undergo multiple differentiation paths, including becoming plasma cells and memory B cells. Although it is well-known that transcription factors govern gene expression programs underpinning these fate decisions in transcriptional level, the role of post-transcriptional regulators, with a focus on RNA-binding proteins, in the fate determination are lesser known. Here we find by RNA interactome capture-coupled CRISPR/Cas9 functional screening that the Csde1-Strap complex plays an important role in plasma cell differentiation. Mechanistically, the Csde1-Strap complex establishes the expression kinetics of Bach2, a key regulator of plasma cell differentiation. Bach2 expression is rapidly induced to promote B cell expansion and then decreased to initiate plasma cell differentiation. The Csde1-Strap interaction is critical for their binding to Bach2 mRNA to couple its decay with translation to restrain the magnitude and duration of Bach2 protein expression. In the absence of Csde1 or Strap, Bach2 translation is de-coupled from mRNA decay, leading to elevated and prolonged expression of Bach2 protein and impaired plasma cell differentiation. This study thus establishes the functional RBP landscape in B cells and illustrates the fundamental importance of controlling protein expression kinetics in cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lianghua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xinyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kunyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiali Qiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhang Wang
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yazhen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xing Chang
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Changchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Bouteau A, Qin Z, Zurawski S, Zurawski G, Igyártó BZ. Langerhans Cells Drive Tfh and B Cell Responses Independent of Canonical Cytokine Signals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.01.10.632426. [PMID: 39868337 PMCID: PMC11760737 DOI: 10.1101/2025.01.10.632426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of adaptive immunity, guiding T helper (Th) cell differentiation through antigen presentation, co-stimulation, and cytokine production. However, in steady-state conditions, certain DC subsets, such as Langerhans cells (LCs), induce T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and B cell responses without inflammatory stimuli. Using multiple mouse models and in vitro systems, we investigated the mechanisms underlying steady-state LC-induced adaptive immune responses. We found that LCs drive germinal center Tfh and B cell differentiation and antibody production independently of interleukin-6 (IL-6), type-I interferons, and ICOS ligand (ICOS-L) signaling, which are critical in inflammatory settings. Instead, these responses relied on CD80/CD86-mediated co-stimulation. Our findings challenge the conventional three-signal paradigm by demonstrating that cytokine signaling is dispensable for LC-mediated Tfh and B cell responses in steady-state. These insights provide a framework for understanding homeostatic immunity and the immune system's role in maintaining tolerance or developing autoimmunity under non-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bouteau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Sandra Zurawski
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, United States
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM, Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Gerard Zurawski
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, United States
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM, Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Botond Z. Igyártó
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
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5
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Yang Y, Han X, Sun L, Shao F, Yin Y, Zhang W. ETS Transcription Factors in Immune Cells and Immune-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10004. [PMID: 39337492 PMCID: PMC11432452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The development, differentiation, and function of immune cells are precisely regulated by transcription factors. The E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor family is involved in various physiological and pathological processes by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Emerging evidence has suggested that ETS family proteins are intimately involved in the development and function of immune cells. This review summarizes the role of the ETS family in immune cells and immune-related disorders. Seven transcription factors within the ETS family, including PU.1, ETV5, ETV6, ETS1/2, ELK3, and ELF1, play essential roles in the development and function of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, they are involved in the occurrence and development of immune-related diseases, including tumors, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and arteriosclerosis. This review is conducive to a comprehensive overview of the role of the ETS family in immune cells, and thus is informative for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the ETS family for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Y.); (L.S.)
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Y.); (L.S.)
| | - Fangyu Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.Y.); (L.S.)
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6
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Lanahan SM, Yang L, Jones KM, Qi Z, Cabrera EC, Cominsky LY, Ramaswamy A, Barmada A, Gabernet G, Uthaya Kumar DB, Xu L, Shan P, Wymann MP, Kleinstein SH, Rao VK, Mustillo P, Romberg N, Abraham RS, Lucas CL. PI3Kγ in B cells promotes antibody responses and generation of antibody-secreting cells. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1422-1431. [PMID: 38961274 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The differentiation of naive and memory B cells into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) is a key feature of adaptive immunity. The requirement for phosphoinositide 3-kinase-delta (PI3Kδ) to support B cell biology has been investigated intensively; however, specific functions of the related phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma (PI3Kγ) complex in B lineage cells have not. In the present study, we report that PI3Kγ promotes robust antibody responses induced by T cell-dependent antigens. The inborn error of immunity caused by human deficiency in PI3Kγ results in broad humoral defects, prompting our investigation of roles for this kinase in antibody responses. Using mouse immunization models, we found that PI3Kγ functions cell intrinsically within activated B cells in a kinase activity-dependent manner to transduce signals required for the transcriptional program supporting differentiation of ASCs. Furthermore, ASC fate choice coincides with upregulation of PIK3CG expression and is impaired in the context of PI3Kγ disruption in naive B cells on in vitro CD40-/cytokine-driven activation, in memory B cells on toll-like receptor activation, or in human tonsillar organoids. Taken together, our study uncovers a fundamental role for PI3Kγ in supporting humoral immunity by integrating signals instructing commitment to the ASC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Lanahan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lucas Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kate M Jones
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhihong Qi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emylette Cruz Cabrera
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Y Cominsky
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anjali Ramaswamy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anis Barmada
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gisela Gabernet
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Lan Xu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peiying Shan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - V Koneti Rao
- Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Mustillo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Neil Romberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carrie L Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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7
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Zhao J, Li L, Feng X, Yin H, Fan X, Gao C, Zhao M, Lu Q. Blockade of OX40/OX40L signaling using anti-OX40L alleviates murine lupus nephritis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350915. [PMID: 38798163 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variants of the OX40 ligand (OX40L) locus are associated with the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is unclear how the OX40L blockade delays the lupus phenotype. Therefore, we examined the effects of an anti-OX40L antibody in MRL/Lpr mice. Next, we investigated the effect of anti-OX40L on immunosuppression in keyhole limpet hemocyanin-immunized C57BL/6J mice. In vitro treatment of anti-OX40L in CD4+ T and B220+ B cells was used to explore the role of OX40L in the pathogenesis of SLE. Anti-OX40L alleviated murine lupus nephritis, accompanied by decreased production of anti-dsDNA and proteinuria, as well as lower frequencies of splenic T helper (Th) 1 and T-follicular helper cells (Tfh). In keyhole limpet hemocyanin-immunized mice, decreased levels of immunoglobulins and plasmablasts were observed in the anti-OX40L group. Anti-OX40L reduced the number and area of germinal centers. Compared with the control IgG group, anti-OX40L downregulated CD4+ T-cell differentiation into Th1 and Tfh cells and upregulated CD4+ T-cell differentiation into regulatory T cells in vitro. Furthermore, anti-OX40L inhibited toll-like receptor 7-mediated differentiation of antibody-secreting cells and antibody production through the regulation of the SPIB-BLIMP1-XBP1 axis in B cells. These results suggest that OX40L is a promising therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwei Feng
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqi Yin
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Fan
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Changxing Gao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Qiu Z, Khalife J, Ethiraj P, Jaafar C, Lin AP, Holder KN, Ritter JP, Chiou L, Huelgas-Morales G, Aslam S, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Arya S, Gupta YK, Dahia PLM, Aguiar RC. IRF8-mutant B cell lymphoma evades immunity through a CD74-dependent deregulation of antigen processing and presentation in MHCII complexes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2091. [PMID: 38996030 PMCID: PMC11244530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism by which interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) mutation contributes to lymphomagenesis is unknown. We modeled IRF8 variants in B cell lymphomas and found that they affected the expression of regulators of antigen presentation. Expression of IRF8 mutants in murine B cell lymphomas suppressed CD4, but not CD8, activation elicited by antigen presentation and downmodulated CD74 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DM, intracellular regulators of antigen peptide processing/loading in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II. Concordantly, mutant IRF8 bound less efficiently to the promoters of these genes. Mice harboring IRF8 mutant lymphomas displayed higher tumor burden and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, typified by depletion of CD4, CD8, and natural killer cells, increase in regulatory T cells and T follicular helper cells. Deconvolution of bulk RNA sequencing data from IRF8-mutant human diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) recapitulated part of the immune remodeling detected in mice. We concluded that IRF8 mutations contribute to DLBCL biology by facilitating immune escape.
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MESH Headings
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Mutation
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Tumor Escape/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Qiu
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jihane Khalife
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Purushoth Ethiraj
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Carine Jaafar
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - An-Ping Lin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kenneth N. Holder
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jacob P. Ritter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lilly Chiou
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gabriela Huelgas-Morales
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sadia Aslam
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Shailee Arya
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yogesh K. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Patricia L. M. Dahia
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ricardo C.T. Aguiar
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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9
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Bolomsky A, Ceribelli M, Scheich S, Rinaldi K, Huang DW, Chakraborty P, Pham L, Wright GW, Hsiao T, Morris V, Choi J, Phelan JD, Holewinski RJ, Andresson T, Wisniewski J, Riley D, Pittaluga S, Hill E, Thomas CJ, Muppidi J, Young RM. IRF4 requires ARID1A to establish plasma cell identity in multiple myeloma. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1185-1201.e14. [PMID: 38906156 PMCID: PMC11233249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy that exploits transcriptional networks driven by IRF4. We employ a multi-omics approach to discover IRF4 vulnerabilities, integrating functional genomics screening, spatial proteomics, and global chromatin mapping. ARID1A, a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is required for IRF4 expression and functionally associates with IRF4 protein on chromatin. Deleting Arid1a in activated murine B cells disrupts IRF4-dependent transcriptional networks and blocks plasma cell differentiation. Targeting SWI/SNF activity leads to rapid loss of IRF4-target gene expression and quenches global amplification of oncogenic gene expression by MYC, resulting in profound toxicity to MM cells. Notably, MM patients with aggressive disease bear the signature of SWI/SNF activity, and SMARCA2/4 inhibitors remain effective in immunomodulatory drug (IMiD)-resistant MM cells. Moreover, combinations of SWI/SNF and MEK inhibitors demonstrate synergistic toxicity to MM cells, providing a promising strategy for relapsed/refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Bolomsky
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michele Ceribelli
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sebastian Scheich
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristina Rinaldi
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Da Wei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Papiya Chakraborty
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisette Pham
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George W Wright
- Biometric Research Branch, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tony Hsiao
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vivian Morris
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James D Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald J Holewinski
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jan Wisniewski
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deanna Riley
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hill
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jagan Muppidi
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan M Young
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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10
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Saito Y, Harada A, Ushijima M, Tanaka K, Higuchi R, Baba A, Murakami D, Nutt SL, Nakagawa T, Ohkawa Y, Baba Y. Plasma cell differentiation is regulated by the expression of histone variant H3.3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5004. [PMID: 38902223 PMCID: PMC11190180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of B cells into plasma cells is associated with substantial transcriptional and epigenetic remodeling. H3.3 histone variant marks active chromatin via replication-independent nucleosome assembly. However, its role in plasma cell development remains elusive. Herein, we show that during plasma cell differentiation, H3.3 is downregulated, and the deposition of H3.3 and chromatin accessibility are dynamically changed. Blockade of H3.3 downregulation by enforced H3.3 expression impairs plasma cell differentiation in an H3.3-specific sequence-dependent manner. Mechanistically, enforced H3.3 expression inhibits the upregulation of plasma cell-associated genes such as Irf4, Prdm1, and Xbp1 and maintains the expression of B cell-associated genes, Pax5, Bach2, and Bcl6. Concomitantly, sustained H3.3 expression prevents the structure of chromatin accessibility characteristic for plasma cells. Our findings suggest that appropriate H3.3 expression and deposition control plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Saito
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Harada
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miho Ushijima
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akemi Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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11
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Li N, Steiger S, Zhong M, Lu M, Lei Y, Tang C, Chen J, Guo Y, Li J, Zhang D, Li J, Zhu E, Zheng Z, Lichtnekert J, Chen Y, Wang X. IRF8 maintains mononuclear phagocyte and neutrophil function in acute kidney injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31818. [PMID: 38845872 PMCID: PMC11153194 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are key players in acute tissue injury and inflammation, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Their development, differentiation, activation status, and functions are mediated by a variety of transcription factors, such as interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) and IRF4. We speculated that IRF8 has a pathophysiologic impact on renal immune cells in AKI and found that IRF8 is highly expressed in blood type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s), monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and kidney biopsies from patients with AKI. In a mouse model of ischemia‒reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI, Irf8 -/- mice displayed increased tubular cell necrosis and worsened kidney dysfunction associated with the recruitment of a substantial amount of monocytes and neutrophils but defective renal infiltration of cDC1s and moDCs. Mechanistically, global Irf8 deficiency impaired moDC and cDC1 maturation and activation, as well as cDC1 proliferation, antigen uptake, and trafficking to lymphoid organs for T-cell priming in ischemic AKI. Moreover, compared with Irf8 +/+ mice, Irf8 -/- mice exhibited increased neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation following AKI. IRF8 primarily regulates cDC1 and indirectly neutrophil functions, and thereby protects mice from kidney injury and inflammation following IRI. Our results demonstrate that IRF8 plays a predominant immunoregulatory role in cDC1 function and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
- Scientific Research Center, Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meihua Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, People's Hospital of Banan District, 401320, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiasi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Scientific Research Center, Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enyi Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Julia Lichtnekert
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Yun Chen
- Scientific Research Center, Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Ochiai K, Shima H, Tamahara T, Sugie N, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Kurosaki T, Igarashi K. Accelerated plasma-cell differentiation in Bach2-deficient mouse B cells is caused by altered IRF4 functions. EMBO J 2024; 43:1947-1964. [PMID: 38605225 PMCID: PMC11099079 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors BACH2 and IRF4 are both essential for antibody class-switch recombination (CSR) in activated B lymphocytes, while they oppositely regulate the differentiation of plasma cells (PCs). Here, we investigated how BACH2 and IRF4 interact during CSR and plasma-cell differentiation. We found that BACH2 organizes heterochromatin formation of target gene loci in mouse splenic B cells, including targets of IRF4 activation such as Aicda, an inducer of CSR, and Prdm1, a master plasma-cell regulator. Release of these gene loci from heterochromatin in response to B-cell receptor stimulation was coupled to AKT-mTOR pathway activation. In Bach2-deficient B cells, PC genes' activation depended on IRF4 protein accumulation, without an increase in Irf4 mRNA. Mechanistically, a PU.1-IRF4 heterodimer in activated B cells promoted BACH2 function by inducing gene expression of Bach2 and Pten, a negative regulator of AKT signaling. Elevated AKT activity in Bach2-deficient B cells resulted in IRF4 protein accumulation. Thus, BACH2 and IRF4 mutually modulate the activity of each other, and BACH2 inhibits PC differentiation by both the repression of PC genes and the restriction of IRF4 protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Tamahara
- Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Nao Sugie
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Lymhocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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13
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Ishikawa Y, Tanaka N, Asano Y, Kodera M, Shirai Y, Akahoshi M, Hasegawa M, Matsushita T, Saito K, Motegi SI, Yoshifuji H, Yoshizaki A, Kohmoto T, Takagi K, Oka A, Kanda M, Tanaka Y, Ito Y, Nakano K, Kasamatsu H, Utsunomiya A, Sekiguchi A, Niiro H, Jinnin M, Makino K, Makino T, Ihn H, Yamamoto M, Suzuki C, Takahashi H, Nishida E, Morita A, Yamamoto T, Fujimoto M, Kondo Y, Goto D, Sumida T, Ayuzawa N, Yanagida H, Horita T, Atsumi T, Endo H, Shima Y, Kumanogoh A, Hirata J, Otomo N, Suetsugu H, Koike Y, Tomizuka K, Yoshino S, Liu X, Ito S, Hikino K, Suzuki A, Momozawa Y, Ikegawa S, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa O, Takehara K, Torii T, Sato S, Okada Y, Mimori T, Matsuda F, Matsuda K, Amariuta T, Imoto I, Matsuo K, Kuwana M, Kawaguchi Y, Ohmura K, Terao C. GWAS for systemic sclerosis identifies six novel susceptibility loci including one in the Fcγ receptor region. Nat Commun 2024; 15:319. [PMID: 38296975 PMCID: PMC10830486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we report the largest Asian genome-wide association study (GWAS) for systemic sclerosis performed to date, based on data from Japanese subjects and comprising of 1428 cases and 112,599 controls. The lead SNP is in the FCGR/FCRL region, which shows a penetrating association in the Asian population, while a complete linkage disequilibrium SNP, rs10917688, is found in a cis-regulatory element for IRF8. IRF8 is also a significant locus in European GWAS for systemic sclerosis, but rs10917688 only shows an association in the presence of the risk allele of IRF8 in the Japanese population. Further analysis shows that rs10917688 is marked with H3K4me1 in primary B cells. A meta-analysis with a European GWAS detects 30 additional significant loci. Polygenic risk scores constructed with the effect sizes of the meta-analysis suggest the potential portability of genetic associations beyond populations. Prioritizing the top 5% of SNPs of IRF8 binding sites in B cells improves the fitting of the polygenic risk scores, underscoring the roles of B cells and IRF8 in the development of systemic sclerosis. The results also suggest that systemic sclerosis shares a common genetic architecture across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nao Tanaka
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanari Kodera
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shirai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Akahoshi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Saito
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hajime Yoshifuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kohmoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kae Takagi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Miho Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakano
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kasamatsu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akira Utsunomiya
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akiko Sekiguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niiro
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Katsunari Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisako Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emi Nishida
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Goto
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naho Ayuzawa
- Department of Clinical Immunology, National Hospital Organization, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yanagida
- Department of Clinical Immunology, National Hospital Organization, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Horita
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirahito Endo
- Omori Medical Center, Toho University, Rheumatic Disease Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hirata
- Immunology Frontier Center, Osaka University, Statistical Immunology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Otomo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suetsugu
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Koike
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Tomizuka
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshino
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Ito
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Hikino
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akari Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Immunology Frontier Center, Osaka University, Statistical Immunology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Ijinkai Takeada General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tiffany Amariuta
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan.
- Shizuoka General Hospital, The Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
- The Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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14
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Zhang P, Lu R. The Molecular and Biological Function of MEF2D in Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:379-403. [PMID: 39017853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) is a key transcription factor (TF) in skeletal, cardiac, and neural tissue development and includes four isoforms: MEF2A, MEF2B, MEF2C, and MEF2D. These isoforms significantly affect embryonic development, nervous system regulation, muscle cell differentiation, B- and T-cell development, thymocyte selection, and effects on tumorigenesis and leukemia. This chapter describes the multifaceted roles of MEF2 family proteins, covering embryonic development, nervous system regulation, and muscle cell differentiation. It further elucidates the contribution of MEF2 to various blood and immune cell functions. Specifically, in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), MEF2D is aberrantly expressed and forms a fusion protein with BCL9, CSF1R, DAZAP1, HNRNPUL1, and SS18. These fusion proteins are closely related to the pathogenesis of leukemia. In addition, it specifically introduces the regulatory effect of MEF2D fusion protein on the proliferation and growth of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells. Finally, we detail the positive feedback loop between MEF2D and IRF8 that significantly promotes the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the importance of the ZMYND8-BRD4 interaction in regulating the IRF8 and MYC transcriptional programs. The MEF2D-CEBPE axis is highlighted as a key transcriptional mechanism controlling the block of leukemic cell self-renewal and differentiation in AML. This chapter starts with the structure and function of MEF2 family proteins, specifically summarizing and analyzing the role of MEF2D in B-ALL and AML, mediating the complex molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation and exploring their implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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15
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Qiu Z, Khalife J, Lin AP, Ethiraj P, Jaafar C, Chiou L, Huelgas-Morales G, Aslam S, Arya S, Gupta YK, Dahia PLM, Aguiar RCT. IRF8-mutant B cell lymphoma evades immunity through a CD74-dependent deregulation of antigen processing and presentation in MHC CII complexes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.14.560755. [PMID: 37873241 PMCID: PMC10592808 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.14.560755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the transcription factor IRF8 is the target of a series of potentially oncogenic events, including, chromosomal translocation, focal amplification, and super-enhancer perturbations. IRF8 is also frequently mutant in DLBCL, but how these variants contribute to lymphomagenesis is unknown. We modeled IRF8 mutations in DLBCL and found that they did not meaningfully impact cell fitness. Instead, IRF8 mutants, mapping either to the DNA-binding domain (DBD) or c-terminal tail, displayed diminished transcription activity towards CIITA, a direct IRF8 target. In primary DLBCL, IRF8 mutations were mutually exclusive with mutations in genes involved in antigen presentation. Concordantly, expression of IRF8 mutants in murine B cell lymphomas uniformly suppressed CD4, but not CD8, activation elicited by antigen presentation. Unexpectedly, IRF8 mutation did not modify MHC CII expression on the cell surface, rather it downmodulated CD74 and HLA- DM, intracellular regulators of antigen peptide processing/loading in the MHC CII complex. These changes were functionally relevant as, in comparison to IRF8 WT, mice harboring IRF8 mutant lymphomas displayed a significantly higher tumor burden, in association with a substantial remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME), typified by depletion of CD4, CD8, Th1 and NK cells, and increase in T-regs and Tfh cells. Importantly, the clinical and immune phenotypes of IRF8-mutant lymphomas were rescued in vivo by ectopic expression of CD74. Deconvolution of bulk RNAseq data from primary human DLBCL recapitulated part of the immune remodeling detected in mice and pointed to depletion of dendritic cells as another feature of IRF8 mutant TME. We concluded that IRF8 mutations contribute to DLBCL biology by facilitating immune escape.
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16
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Zhao J, Li L, Feng X, Gao C, Gao L, Zhan Y, Wang Z, Zhao M, Yin H, Lu Q. TIGIT-Fc fusion protein alleviates murine lupus nephritis through the regulation of SPI-B-PAX5-XBP1 axis-mediated B-cell differentiation. J Autoimmun 2023; 139:103087. [PMID: 37481835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT) is a newly discovered immune checkpoint (IC) that exhibits immunosuppressive function in the regulation of immune system. Activation of TIGIT signaling has emerged as a promising approach for autoimmune disease immunotherapy, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We generated a chimeric protein, TIGIT-immunoglobulin (Ig), by fusing the extracellular domain of murine TIGIT to the Fc region of mouse IgG2a, which was used to investigated the effect of activating the TIGIT signaling in murine lupus models (MRL/lpr and chronic graft-versus-host disease mice). Treated mice were harvested, and samples of serum, kidney, and spleen were collected for outcome evaluation. In vitro treatment of TIGIT-Ig in B cells was used for exploring the roles of TIGIT in toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-mediated B cell differentiation and antibody production. RESULTS TIGIT-Ig treatment delayed disease progression in both lupus models, accompanied by a decrease in the production of anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA), proteinuria, proteinuria/creatinine, and Ig kidney deposition. Additionally, the group treated with TIGIT-Ig displayed a decreased proportion of T helper cell (Th)1 cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and B-cell subsets, including germinal center B cells (GC B), plasmablasts, and plasma cells, compared to the group treated with control IgG. Interestingly, we also observed an increased proportion of Tregs in the spleen of the TIGIT-Ig group. We have discovered a new way in which activating the TIGIT pathway can regulate B-cell differentiation through the SPI-B-PAX5-XBP1 pathway, resulting in a reduction in autoantibodies. CONCLUSION Together, TIGIT may be a promising IC target for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencs, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencs, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwei Feng
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencs, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Changxing Gao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencs, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyu Gao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencs, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijing Zhan
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencs, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencs, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencs, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Huiqi Yin
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencs, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencs, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Fang WQ, Wu YL, Hwang MJ. A Noise-Tolerating Gene Association Network Uncovering an Oncogenic Regulatory Motif in Lymphoma Transcriptomics. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1331. [PMID: 37374114 DOI: 10.3390/life13061331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer genomics research, gene expressions provide clues to gene regulations implicating patients' risk of survival. Gene expressions, however, fluctuate due to noises arising internally and externally, making their use to infer gene associations, hence regulation mechanisms, problematic. Here, we develop a new regression approach to model gene association networks while considering uncertain biological noises. In a series of simulation experiments accounting for varying levels of biological noises, the new method was shown to be robust and perform better than conventional regression methods, as judged by a number of statistical measures on unbiasedness, consistency and accuracy. Application to infer gene associations in germinal-center B cells led to the discovery of a three-by-two regulatory motif gene expression and a three-gene prognostic signature for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Quan Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Division of New Drug, Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Le Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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18
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Zuo Z, Kania AK, Patterson DG, Hicks SL, Maurer J, Gupta M, Boss JM, Scharer CD. CRISPR/Cas9 editing reveals IRF8 regulated gene signatures restraining plasmablast differentiation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17527. [PMID: 37416674 PMCID: PMC10320122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is involved in maintaining B cell identity. However, how IRF8 regulates T cell independent B cell responses are not fully characterized. Here, an in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 system was optimized to generate Irf8-deficient murine B cells and used to determine the role of IRF8 in B cells responding to LPS stimulation. Irf8-deficient B cells more readily formed CD138+ plasmablasts in response to LPS with the principal dysregulation occurring at the activated B cell stage. Transcriptional profiling revealed an upregulation of plasma cell associated genes prematurely in activated B cells and a failure to repress the gene expression programs of IRF1 and IRF7 in Irf8-deficient cells. These data expand on the known roles of IRF8 in regulating B cell identity by preventing premature plasma cell formation and highlight how IRF8 helps evolve TLR responses away from the initial activation towards those driving humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Current Address: Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Anna K. Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dillon G. Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sakeenah L. Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jeffrey Maurer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mansi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher D. Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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19
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Föh B, Buhre JS, Sina C, Ehlers M. Influence of nutrients and metabolites on the differentiation of plasma cells and implications for autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004644. [PMID: 36466846 PMCID: PMC9716886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The modulation of inflammatory (auto)immune reactions by nutrients and gut bacterial metabolites is of great interest for potential preventive and therapeutic strategies. B cell-derived plasma cells are major players in inflammatory (auto)immune responses and can exhibit pro- or anti-inflammatory effects through (auto)antibody-dependent and -independent functions. Emerging evidence indicates a key role of nutrients and microbial metabolites in regulating the differentiation of plasma cells as well as their differentiation to pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. These effects might be mediated indirectly by influencing other immune cells or directly through B cell-intrinsic mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of nutrients and metabolites that influence B cell-intrinsic signaling pathways regulating B cell activation, plasma cell differentiation, and effector functions. Furthermore, we outline important inflammatory plasma cell phenotypes whose differentiation could be targeted by nutrients and microbial metabolites. Finally, we discuss possible implications for inflammatory (auto)immune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandik Föh
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jana Sophia Buhre
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
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20
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Genetic dissection of TLR9 reveals complex regulatory and cryptic proinflammatory roles in mouse lupus. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1457-1469. [PMID: 36151396 PMCID: PMC9561083 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In lupus, Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9 mediate loss of tolerance to RNA and DNA, respectively. Yet, TLR7 promotes disease, while TLR9 protects from disease, implying differences in signaling. To dissect this 'TLR paradox', we generated two TLR9 point mutants (lacking either ligand (TLR9K51E) or MyD88 (TLR9P915H) binding) in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Ameliorated disease of Tlr9K51E mice compared to Tlr9-/- controls revealed a TLR9 'scaffold' protective function that is ligand and MyD88 independent. Unexpectedly, Tlr9P915H mice were more protected than both Tlr9K51E and Tlr9WT mice, suggesting that TLR9 also possesses ligand-dependent, but MyD88-independent, regulatory signaling and MyD88-mediated proinflammatory signaling. Triple-mixed bone marrow chimeras showed that TLR9-MyD88-independent regulatory roles were B cell intrinsic and restrained differentiation into pathogenic age-associated B cells and plasmablasts. These studies reveal MyD88-independent regulatory roles of TLR9, shedding light on the biology of endosomal TLRs.
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21
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Moorman HR, Reategui Y, Poschel DB, Liu K. IRF8: Mechanism of Action and Health Implications. Cells 2022; 11:2630. [PMID: 36078039 PMCID: PMC9454819 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a transcription factor of the IRF protein family. IRF8 was originally identified as an essentialfactor for myeloid cell lineage commitment and differentiation. Deletion of Irf8 leads to massive accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+ immature myeloid cells (IMCs), particularly the CD11b+Ly6Chi/+Ly6G- polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like cells (PMN-MDSCs). Under pathological conditions such as cancer, Irf8 is silenced by its promoter DNA hypermethylation, resulting in accumulation of PMN-MDSCs and CD11b+ Ly6G+Ly6Clo monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) in mice. IRF8 is often silenced in MDSCs in human cancer patients. MDSCs are heterogeneous populations of immune suppressive cells that suppress T and NK cell activity to promote tumor immune evasion and produce growth factors to exert direct tumor-promoting activity. Emerging experimental data reveals that IRF8 is also expressed in non-hematopoietic cells. Epithelial cell-expressed IRF8 regulates apoptosis and represses Osteopontin (OPN). Human tumor cells may use the IRF8 promoter DNA methylation as a mechanism to repress IRF8 expression to advance cancer through acquiring apoptosis resistance and OPN up-regulation. Elevated OPN engages CD44 to suppress T cell activation and promote tumor cell stemness to advance cancer. IRF8 thus is a transcription factor that regulates both the immune and non-immune components in human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Moorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yazmin Reategui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dakota B. Poschel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
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22
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Ramirez N, Posadas-Cantera S, Langer N, de Oteyza ACG, Proietti M, Keller B, Zhao F, Gernedl V, Pecoraro M, Eibel H, Warnatz K, Ballestar E, Geiger R, Bossen C, Grimbacher B. Multi-omics analysis of naïve B cells of patients harboring the C104R mutation in TACI. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938240. [PMID: 36072607 PMCID: PMC9443529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent form of symptomatic primary immunodeficiency in humans. The genetic cause of CVID is still unknown in about 70% of cases. Ten percent of CVID patients carry heterozygous mutations in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B gene (TNFRSF13B), encoding TACI. Mutations in TNFRSF13B alone may not be sufficient for the development of CVID, as 1% of the healthy population carry these mutations. The common hypothesis is that TACI mutations are not fully penetrant and additional factors contribute to the development of CVID. To determine these additional factors, we investigated the perturbations of transcription factor (TF) binding and the transcriptome profiles in unstimulated and CD40L/IL21-stimulated naïve B cells from CVID patients harboring the C104R mutation in TNFRSF13B and compared them to their healthy relatives with the same mutation. In addition, the proteome of stimulated naïve B cells was investigated. For functional validation, intracellular protein concentrations were measured by flow cytometry. Our analysis revealed 8% less accessible chromatin in unstimulated naïve B cells and 25% less accessible chromatin in class-switched memory B cells from affected and unaffected TACI mutation carriers compared to healthy donors. The most enriched TF binding motifs in TACI mutation carriers involved members from the ETS, IRF, and NF-κB TF families. Validation experiments supported dysregulation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. In steady state, naïve B cells had increased cell death pathways and reduced cell metabolism pathways, while after stimulation, enhanced immune responses and decreased cell survival were detected. Using a multi-omics approach, our findings provide valuable insights into the impaired biology of naïve B cells from TACI mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neftali Ramirez
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center – University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Posadas-Cantera
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center – University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niko Langer
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andres Caballero Garcia de Oteyza
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center – University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Proietti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center – University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany
- Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST) – Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fangwen Zhao
- Medical Epigenomics & Genome Technology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine(CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Gernedl
- Medical Epigenomics & Genome Technology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine(CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Pecoraro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Roger Geiger
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bossen
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center – University Hospital Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST) – Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) – German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bodo Grimbacher,
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Yi SG, Gaber AO, Chen W. B-cell response in solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895157. [PMID: 36016958 PMCID: PMC9395675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of B-cell response to antigen stimulation is complex and involves an intricate network of dynamic signals from cytokines and transcription factors propagated from T-cell interaction. Long-term alloimmunity, in the setting of organ transplantation, is dependent on this B-cell response, which does not appear to be halted by current immunosuppressive regimens which are targeted at T cells. There is emerging evidence that shows that B cells have a diverse response to solid organ transplantation that extends beyond plasma cell antibody production. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic pathways of B-cell activation and differentiation as they relate to the transcriptional regulation of germinal center B cells, plasma cells, and memory B cells in the setting of solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G. Yi
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephanie G. Yi,
| | - Ahmed Osama Gaber
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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24
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Higgins BW, Shuparski AG, Miller KB, Robinson AM, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams MG. Isotype-specific plasma cells express divergent transcriptional programs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121260119. [PMID: 35704755 PMCID: PMC9231473 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121260119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are produced across multiple isotypes with distinct properties that coordinate initial antigen clearance and confer long-term antigen-specific immune protection. Here, we interrogate the molecular programs of isotype-specific murine plasma cells (PC) following helper T cell-dependent immunization and within established steady-state immunity. We developed a single-cell-indexed and targeted molecular strategy to dissect conserved and divergent components of the rapid effector phase of antigen-specific IgM+ versus inflammation-modulating programs dictated by type 1 IgG2a/b+ PC differentiation. During antibody affinity maturation, the germinal center (GC) cycle imparts separable programs for post-GC type 2 inhibitory IgG1+ and type 1 inflammatory IgG2a/b+ PC to direct long-term cellular function. In the steady state, two subsets of IgM+ and separate IgG2b+ PC programs clearly segregate from splenic type 3 IgA+ PC programs that emphasize mucosal barrier protection. These diverse isotype-specific molecular pathways of PC differentiation control complementary modules of antigen clearance and immune protection that could be selectively targeted for immunotherapeutic applications and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W. Higgins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Andrew G. Shuparski
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Karen B. Miller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Amanda M. Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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25
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Turner DJ, Saveliev A, Salerno F, Matheson LS, Screen M, Lawson H, Wotherspoon D, Kranc KR, Turner M. A functional screen of RNA binding proteins identifies genes that promote or limit the accumulation of CD138+ plasma cells. eLife 2022; 11:e72313. [PMID: 35451955 PMCID: PMC9106329 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify roles of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in the differentiation or survival of antibody secreting plasma cells we performed a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen of 1213 mouse RBPs for their ability to affect proliferation and/or survival, and the abundance of differentiated CD138 + cells in vitro. We validated the binding partners CSDE1 and STRAP as well as the m6A binding protein YTHDF2 as promoting the accumulation of CD138 + cells in vitro. We validated the EIF3 subunits EIF3K and EIF3L and components of the CCR4-NOT complex as inhibitors of CD138 + cell accumulation in vitro. In chimeric mouse models YTHDF2-deficient plasma cells failed to accumulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute,Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI)FrederickUnited States
| | - Alexander Saveliev
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute,Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Fiamma Salerno
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute,Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Louise S Matheson
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute,Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Screen
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute,Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Hannah Lawson
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David Wotherspoon
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemia Biology, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute,Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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26
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Kania AK, Price MJ, George-Alexander LE, Patterson DG, Hicks SL, Scharer CD, Boss JM. H3K27me3 Demethylase UTX Restrains Plasma Cell Formation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 208:1873-1885. [PMID: 35346967 PMCID: PMC9012698 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B cell differentiation is associated with substantial transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic remodeling, including redistribution of histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), which is associated with a repressive chromatin state and gene silencing. Although the role of the methyltransferase EZH2 (Enhancer of zeste homolog 2) in B cell fate decisions has been well established, it is not known whether H3K27me3 demethylation is equally important. In this study, we showed that simultaneous genetic deletion of the two H3K27 demethylases UTX and JMJD3 (double-knockout [Utx fl/fl Jmjd3 fl/fl Cd19 cre/+] [dKO]) led to a significant increase in plasma cell (PC) formation after stimulation with the T cell-independent Ags LPS and NP-Ficoll. This phenotype occurred in a UTX-dependent manner as UTX single-knockout mice, but not JMJD3 single-knockout mice, mimicked the dKO. Although UTX- and JMJD3-deficient marginal zone B cells showed increased proliferation, dKO follicular B cells also showed increased PC formation. PCs from dKO mice upregulated genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation and exhibited increased spare respiratory capacity. Mechanistically, deletion of Utx and Jmjd3 resulted in higher levels of H3K27me3 at proapoptotic genes and resulted in reduced apoptosis of dKO PCs in vivo. Furthermore, UTX regulated chromatin accessibility at regions containing ETS and IFN regulatory factor (IRF) transcription factor family motifs, including motifs of known repressors of PC fate. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the H3K27me3 demethylases restrain B cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Madeline J Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Dillon G Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sakeenah L Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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27
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Single-cell Atlas of common variable immunodeficiency shows germinal center-associated epigenetic dysregulation in B-cell responses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1779. [PMID: 35365635 PMCID: PMC8975885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most prevalent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, displays impaired terminal B-cell differentiation and defective antibody responses. Incomplete genetic penetrance and ample phenotypic expressivity in CVID suggest the participation of additional pathogenic mechanisms. Monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for CVID are uniquely valuable for studying the contribution of epigenetics to the disease. Here, we generate a single-cell epigenomics and transcriptomics census of naïve-to-memory B cell differentiation in a CVID-discordant MZ twin pair. Our analysis identifies DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility and transcriptional defects in memory B-cells mirroring defective cell-cell communication upon activation. These findings are validated in a cohort of CVID patients and healthy donors. Our findings provide a comprehensive multi-omics map of alterations in naïve-to-memory B-cell transition in CVID and indicate links between the epigenome and immune cell cross-talk. Our resource, publicly available at the Human Cell Atlas, gives insight into future diagnosis and treatments of CVID patients. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent primary immunodeficiency. Here the authors perform single-cell omics analyses in CVID-discordant monozygotic twins and show epigenetic and transcriptional alterations associated with activation in memory B cells.
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28
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Du L, Liu W, Pichiorri F, Rosen ST. SUMOylation inhibition enhances multiple myeloma sensitivity to lenalidomide. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:567-574. [PMID: 35338347 PMCID: PMC10104776 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potent effect of lenalidomide (Len) in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, patients develop Len resistance leading to progressive disease, demanding an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms mediating Len resistance. Our study identified SUMOylation as a potential mechanism regulating Len resistance in MM. Len-resistant MM cell line MMR10R presented much higher SUMO E1 (SAE2) expression and more global SUMOylation than Len-sensitive MM1S cell line. SUMOylation inhibition by using TAK-981, a novel and specific SUMO E1 inhibitor, significantly enhances myeloma sensitivity to Len in MM cell lines. Moreover, the enhanced anti-MM activity by TAK-981 and Len combination has been validated using primary relapsing MM patient samples. Overexpression of IRF4 and c-Myc is a major mechanism of Len resistance. Len showed limited effect on IRF4 and c-Myc level in Len-resistance cell line, but TAK-981 treatment reduced IRF4 and c-Myc expression in Len-resistant line and caused further decrease when combined with Len. We found SUMOylation inhibition decreases IRF4 at transcriptional and post-translational level. SUMOylation inhibition reduced DOT1L with decreased methylation of histone H3 lysine 79, to suppress IRF4 gene transcription. SUMOylation inhibition also reduced IRF4 protein level by enhancing degradation. Overall, our data revealed SUMOylation inhibition enhances Len sensitivity through downregulating IRF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA. .,Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA. .,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Liu
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA. .,Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA. .,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA. .,City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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29
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Föh B, Buhre JS, Lunding HB, Moreno-Fernandez ME, König P, Sina C, Divanovic S, Ehlers M. Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes induction of IL-10+IgM+ plasma cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266071. [PMID: 35333906 PMCID: PMC8956175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid butyrate is a central inhibitor of inflammatory innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that butyrate induces differentiation of IL-10-producing (IL-10+) regulatory B cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of butyrate-driven modulation of B cell differentiation are not fully defined. Given the dominant role of regulatory plasma cells (PCs) as the main source of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 and the observation that butyrate also induces the differentiation of PCs, we here investigated the effect of the microbial metabolite butyrate on the induction of regulatory IL-10+ PCs and underlying mechanisms. Here we show that butyrate induces the differentiation of IL-10+IgM+ PCs. Ex vivo, butyrate, but hardly propionate, another microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid, induced the differentiation of IL-10+IgM+ CD138high PCs from isolated splenic murine B cells. In vivo, administration of butyrate via drinking water or by daily intraperitoneal injection increased the number of IL-10+IgM+ CD138high PCs in the spleens of Ovalbumin (Ova)/complete Freund’s adjuvant-immunized mice. The induction of these regulatory PCs was associated with an increase of anti-Ova IgM, but a reduction of anti-Ova class-switched pathogenic IgG2b serum antibodies. Based on the knowledge that butyrate inhibits histone deacetylases (HDACs) thereby increasing histone acetylation, we identified here that HDAC3 inhibition was sufficient to induce PC differentiation and IL-10+ expression. Furthermore, reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels following butyrate treatment and HDAC3 inhibition were necessary for PC differentiation, but not IL-10 expression. In summary, the microbial metabolite butyrate promotes the differentiation of IgM+ PCs and their expression of IL-10. HDAC3 inhibition may be involved as an underlying pathway for both PC differentiation and IL-10 expression, while reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels are crucial only for PC differentiation. The induction of regulatory IL-10+IgM+ PCs and the inhibition of class switching to antigen-specific pathogenic IgG subclasses might represent important pathways of butyrate to limit inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandik Föh
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jana Sophia Buhre
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna B. Lunding
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria E. Moreno-Fernandez
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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30
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IL-27-producing B-1a cells suppress neuroinflammation and CNS autoimmune diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109548118. [PMID: 34782464 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109548118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg cells) that secrete IL-10 or IL-35 (i35-Breg) play key roles in regulating immunity in tumor microenvironment or during autoimmune and infectious diseases. Thus, loss of Breg function is implicated in development of autoimmune diseases while aberrant elevation of Breg prevents sterilizing immunity, exacerbates infectious diseases, and promotes cancer metastasis. Breg cells identified thus far are largely antigen-specific and derive mainly from B2-lymphocyte lineage. Here, we describe an innate-like IL-27-producing natural regulatory B-1a cell (i27-Breg) in peritoneal cavity and human umbilical cord blood. i27-Bregs accumulate in CNS and lymphoid tissues during neuroinflammation and confers protection against CNS autoimmune disease. i27-Breg immunotherapy ameliorated encephalomyelitis and uveitis through up-regulation of inhibitory receptors (Lag3, PD-1), suppression of Th17/Th1 responses, and propagating inhibitory signals that convert conventional B cells to regulatory lymphocytes that secrete IL-10 and/or IL-35 in eye, brain, or spinal cord. Furthermore, i27-Breg proliferates in vivo and sustains IL-27 secretion in CNS and lymphoid tissues, a therapeutic advantage over administering biologics (IL-10, IL-35) that are rapidly cleared in vivo. Mutant mice lacking irf4 in B cells exhibit exaggerated increase of i27-Bregs with few i35-Bregs, while mice with loss of irf8 in B cells have abundance of i35-Bregs but defective in generating i27-Bregs, identifying IRF8/BATF and IRF4/BATF axis in skewing B cell differentiation toward i27-Breg and i35-Breg developmental programs, respectively. Consistent with its developmental origin, disease suppression by innate i27-Bregs is neither antigen-specific nor disease-specific, suggesting that i27-Breg would be effective immunotherapy for a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases.
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31
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Verstegen NJM, Ubels V, Westerhoff HV, van Ham SM, Barberis M. System-Level Scenarios for the Elucidation of T Cell-Mediated Germinal Center B Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734282. [PMID: 34616402 PMCID: PMC8488341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) reactions are vital to the correct functioning of the adaptive immune system, through formation of high affinity, class switched antibodies. GCs are transient anatomical structures in secondary lymphoid organs where specific B cells, after recognition of antigen and with T cell help, undergo class switching. Subsequently, B cells cycle between zones of proliferation and somatic hypermutation and zones where renewed antigen acquisition and T cell help allows for selection of high affinity B cells (affinity maturation). Eventually GC B cells first differentiate into long-lived memory B cells (MBC) and finally into plasma cells (PC) that partially migrate to the bone marrow to encapsulate into long-lived survival niches. The regulation of GC reactions is a highly dynamically coordinated process that occurs between various cells and molecules that change in their signals. Here, we present a system-level perspective of T cell-mediated GC B cell differentiation, presenting and discussing the experimental and computational efforts on the regulation of the GCs. We aim to integrate Systems Biology with B cell biology, to advance elucidation of the regulation of high-affinity, class switched antibody formation, thus to shed light on the delicate functioning of the adaptive immune system. Specifically, we: i) review experimental findings of internal and external factors driving various GC dynamics, such as GC initiation, maturation and GCBC fate determination; ii) draw comparisons between experimental observations and mathematical modeling investigations; and iii) discuss and reflect on current strategies of modeling efforts, to elucidate B cell behavior during the GC tract. Finally, perspectives are specifically given on to the areas where a Systems Biology approach may be useful to predict novel GCBC-T cell interaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J M Verstegen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor Ubels
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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32
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Patterson DG, Kania AK, Price MJ, Rose JR, Scharer CD, Boss JM. An IRF4-MYC-mTORC1 Integrated Pathway Controls Cell Growth and the Proliferative Capacity of Activated B Cells during B Cell Differentiation In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1798-1811. [PMID: 34470852 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is an essential component of B cell differentiation to Ab-secreting plasma cells, with critical reprogramming occurring during the initial stages of B cell activation. However, a complete understanding of the factors that coordinate early reprogramming events in vivo remain to be determined. In this study, we examined the initial reprogramming by IRF4 in activated B cells using an adoptive transfer system and mice with a B cell-specific deletion of IRF4. IRF4-deficient B cells responding to influenza, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl-Ficoll, and LPS divided but stalled during the proliferative response. Gene expression profiling of IRF4-deficient B cells at discrete divisions revealed IRF4 was critical for inducing MYC target genes, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. Moreover, IRF4-deficient B cells maintained an inflammatory gene expression signature. Complementary chromatin accessibility analyses established a hierarchy of IRF4 activity and identified networks of dysregulated transcription factor families in IRF4-deficient B cells, including E-box binding bHLH family members. Indeed, B cells lacking IRF4 failed to fully induce Myc after stimulation and displayed aberrant cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, IRF4-deficient B cells showed reduced mTORC1 activity and failed to initiate the B cell activation unfolded protein response and grow in cell size. Myc overexpression in IRF4-deficient cells was sufficient to overcome the cell growth defect. Together, these data reveal an IRF4-MYC-mTORC1 relationship critical for controlling cell growth and the proliferative response during B cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon G Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anna K Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Madeline J Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - James R Rose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and.,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and .,The Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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33
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Chang K, Han K, Qiu W, Hu Z, Chen X, Chen X, Xie X, Wang S, Hu C, Mao H. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) interferon regulatory factor 8 down-regulates interferon1 expression via interaction with interferon regulatory factor 2 in vitro. Mol Immunol 2021; 137:202-211. [PMID: 34280770 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), also known as interferon consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP), is a negative regulatory factor of interferon (IFN) and plays an important role in cell differentiation and innate immunity in mammals. In recent years, some irf8 homologous genes have been cloned and confirmed to take part in innate immune response in fish, but the mechanism still remains unclear. In this paper, a grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) irf8 gene (Ciirf8) was cloned and characterized. The deduced protein (CiIRF8) possesses a highly conserved N-terminal DNA binding domain but a less well-conserved C-terminal IRF association domain (IAD). Ciirf8 was widely expressed in all tested tissues of grass carp and up-regulated following poly(I:C) stimulation. Ciirf8 expression was also up-regulated in CIK cells upon treatment with poly(I:C). To explore the molecular mechanism of how fish IRF8 regulates ifn1 expression, the similarities and differences of grass carp IRF8 and IRF2 were compared and contrasted. Subcellular localization analysis showed that CiIRF8 is located both in the cytoplasm and nucleus; however, CiIRF2 is only located in the nucleus. The nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of CiIRF8 was observed in CIK cells under stimulation with poly(I:C). The interaction of CiIRF8 and CiIRF2 was further confirmed by a co-immunoprecipitation assay in the nucleus. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that the promoter activity of Ciifn1 was significantly inhibited by co-transfection with CiIRF2 and CiIRF8. The transcription inhibition of Ciifn1 was alleviated by competitive binding of CiIRF2 and CiIRF8 to CiIRF1. In conclusion, CiIRF8 down-regulates Ciifn1 expression via interaction with CiIRF2 in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaile Chang
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kun Han
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Weihua Qiu
- Teaching Material Research Office of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department, China
| | - Zhizhen Hu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaofen Xie
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shanghong Wang
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Huiling Mao
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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34
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Patterson DG, Kania AK, Zuo Z, Scharer CD, Boss JM. Epigenetic gene regulation in plasma cells. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:8-22. [PMID: 34010461 PMCID: PMC8387415 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity provides protection from pathogenic infection and is mediated by antibodies following the differentiation of naive B cells (nBs) to antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). This process requires substantial epigenetic and transcriptional rewiring to ultimately repress the nB program and replace it with one conducive to ASC physiology and function. Notably, these reprogramming events occur within the framework of cell division. Efforts to understand the relationship of cell division with reprogramming and ASC differentiation in vivo have uncovered the timing and scope of reprogramming, as well as key factors that influence these events. Herein, we discuss the unique physiology of ASC and how nBs undergo epigenetic and genome architectural reorganization to acquire the necessary functions to support antibody production. We also discuss the stage-wise manner in which reprogramming occurs across cell divisions and how key molecular determinants can influence B cell fate outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon G. Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Anna K. Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Zhihong Zuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | | | - Jeremy M. Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322
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35
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Plasmablasts derive from CD23- activated B cells after the extinction of IL-4/STAT6 signaling and IRF4 induction. Blood 2021; 137:1166-1180. [PMID: 33150420 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The terminal differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) is a critical component of adaptive immune responses. However, it is a very sensitive process, and dysfunctions lead to a variety of lymphoproliferative neoplasias including germinal center-derived lymphomas. To better characterize the late genomic events that drive the ASC differentiation of human primary naive B cells, we used our in vitro differentiation system and a combination of RNA sequencing and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC sequencing). We discovered 2 mechanisms that drive human terminal B-cell differentiation. First, after an initial response to interleukin-4 (IL-4), cells that were committed to an ASC fate downregulated the CD23 marker and IL-4 signaling, whereas cells that maintained IL-4 signaling did not differentiate. Second, human CD23- cells also increased IRF4 protein to levels required for ASC differentiation, but they did that independently of the ubiquitin-mediated degradation process previously described in mice. Finally, we showed that CD23- cells carried the imprint of their previous activated B-cell status, were precursors of plasmablasts, and had a phenotype similar to that of in vivo preplasmablasts. Altogether, our results provide an unprecedented genomic characterization of the fate decision between activated B cells and plasmablasts, which provides new insights into the pathological mechanisms that drive lymphoma biology.
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36
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Grasseau A, Boudigou M, Michée-Cospolite M, Delaloy C, Mignen O, Jamin C, Cornec D, Pers JO, Le Pottier L, Hillion S. The diversity of the plasmablast signature across species and experimental conditions: A meta-analysis. Immunology 2021; 164:120-134. [PMID: 34041745 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are divided into two principal subsets, including the long-lived plasma cell (PC) subset residing in the bone marrow and the short-lived subset, also called plasmablast (PB). PB are described as a proliferating subset circulating through the blood and ending its differentiation in tissues. Due to their inherent heterogeneity, the molecular signature of PB is not fully established. The purpose of this study was to decipher a specific PB signature in humans and mice through a comprehensive meta-analysis of different data sets exploring the PB differentiation in both species and across different experimental conditions. The present study used recent analyses using whole RNA sequencing in prdm1-GFP transgenic mice to define a reliable and accurate PB signature. Next, we performed similar analysis using current data sets obtained from human PB and PC. The PB-specific signature is composed of 155 and 113 genes in mouse and human being, respectively. Although only nine genes are shared between the human and mice PB signature, the loss of B-cell identity such as the down-regulation of PAX5, MS4A1, (CD20) CD22 and IL-4R is a conserved feature across species and across the different experimental conditions. Additionally, we observed that the IRF8 and IRF4 transcription factors have a specific dynamic range of expression in human PB. We thus demonstrated that IRF4/IRF8 intranuclear staining was useful to define PB in vivo and in vitro and able to discriminate between atypical PB populations and transient states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Céline Delaloy
- UMR U1236, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christophe Jamin
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - Divi Cornec
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sophie Hillion
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
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37
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The prospective Hemophilia Inhibitor PUP Study reveals distinct antibody signatures prior to FVIII inhibitor development. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5785-5796. [PMID: 33232473 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors following replacement therapies with FVIII products in patients with hemophilia A remains an unmet medical need. Better understanding of the early events of evolving FVIII inhibitors is essential for risk identification and the design of novel strategies to prevent inhibitor development. The Hemophilia Inhibitor Previously Untreated Patients (PUPs) Study (HIPS; www.clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01652027) is the first prospective cohort study to evaluate comprehensive changes in the immune system during the first 50 exposure days (EDs) to FVIII in patients with severe hemophilia A. HIPS participants were enrolled prior to their first exposure to FVIII or blood products ("true PUPs") and were evaluated for different immunological and clinical parameters at specified time points during their first 50 EDs to a single source of recombinant FVIII. Longitudinal antibody data resulting from this study indicate that there are 4 subgroups of patients expressing distinct signatures of FVIII-binding antibodies. Subgroup 1 did not develop any detectable FVIII-binding immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Subgroup 2 developed nonneutralizing, FVIII-binding IgG1 antibodies, but other FVIII-binding IgG subclasses were not observed. Subgroup 3 developed transient FVIII inhibitors associated with FVIII-binding IgG1 antibodies, similar to subgroup 2. Subgroup 4 developed persistent FVIII inhibitors associated with an initial development of high-affinity, FVIII-binding IgG1 antibodies, followed by IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies. Appearance of FVIII-binding IgG3 was always associated with persistent FVIII inhibitors and the subsequent development of FVIII-binding IgG4. Some of the antibody signatures identified in HIPS could serve as candidates for early biomarkers of FVIII inhibitor development.
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38
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Zhang S, Coughlan HD, Ashayeripanah M, Seizova S, Kueh AJ, Brown DV, Cao W, Jacquelot N, D'Amico A, Lew AM, Zhan Y, Tonkin CJ, Villadangos JA, Smyth GK, Chopin M, Nutt SL. Type 1 conventional dendritic cell fate and function are controlled by DC-SCRIPT. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/58/eabf4432. [PMID: 33811060 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The functional diversification of dendritic cells (DCs) is a key step in establishing protective immune responses. Despite the importance of DC lineage diversity, its genetic basis is not fully understood. The transcription factor DC-SCRIPT is expressed in conventional DCs (cDCs) and their committed bone marrow progenitors but not in plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). We show that mice lacking DC-SCRIPT displayed substantially impaired development of IRF8 (interferon regulatory factor 8)-dependent cDC1, whereas cDC2 numbers increased marginally. The residual DC-SCRIPT-deficient cDC1s had impaired capacity to capture and present cell-associated antigens and to secrete IL-12p40, two functional hallmarks of this population. Genome-wide mapping of DC-SCRIPT binding and gene expression analyses revealed a key role for DC-SCRIPT in maintaining cDC1 identity via the direct regulation of cDC1 signature genes, including Irf8 Our study reveals DC-SCRIPT to be a critical component of the gene regulatory program shaping the functional attributes of cDC1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Zhang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hannah D Coughlan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mitra Ashayeripanah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simona Seizova
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel V Brown
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wang Cao
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Angela D'Amico
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher J Tonkin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michaël Chopin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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39
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Xie B, Khoyratty TE, Abu-Shah E, F Cespedes P, MacLean AJ, Pirgova G, Hu Z, Ahmed AA, Dustin ML, Udalova IA, Arnon TI. The Zinc Finger Protein Zbtb18 Represses Expression of Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Subunits and Inhibits Plasma Cell Differentiation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1515-1527. [PMID: 33608456 PMCID: PMC7980533 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway plays a key role in B cell activation and is important for the differentiation of Ab producing plasma cells (PCs). Although much is known about the molecular mechanisms that modulate PI3K signaling in B cells, the transcriptional regulation of PI3K expression is poorly understood. In this study, we identify the zinc finger protein Zbtb18 as a transcriptional repressor that directly binds enhancer/promoter regions of genes encoding class I PI3K regulatory subunits, subsequently limiting their expression, dampening PI3K signaling and suppressing PC responses. Following activation, dividing B cells progressively downregulated Zbtb18, allowing gradual amplification of PI3K signals and enhanced development of PCs. Human Zbtb18 displayed similar expression patterns and function in human B cells, acting to inhibit development of PCs. Furthermore, a number of Zbtb18 mutants identified in cancer patients showed loss of suppressor activity, which was also accompanied by impaired regulation of PI3K genes. Taken together, our study identifies Zbtb18 as a repressor of PC differentiation and reveals its previously unappreciated function as a transcription modulator of the PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tariq E Khoyratty
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Enas Abu-Shah
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Pablo F Cespedes
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andrew J MacLean
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gabriela Pirgova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tal I Arnon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
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40
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Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are critical for the rapid development of protective immunity following re-infection. MBCs capable of neutralizing distinct subclasses of pathogens, such as influenza and HIV, have been identified in humans. However, efforts to develop vaccines that induce broadly protective MBCs to rapidly mutating pathogens have not yet been successful. Better understanding of the signals regulating MBC development and function are essential to overcome current challenges hindering successful vaccine development. Here, we discuss recent advancements regarding the signals and transcription factors regulating germinal centre-derived MBC development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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41
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Kennedy DE, Clark MR. Compartments and Connections Within the Germinal Center. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659151. [PMID: 33868306 PMCID: PMC8045557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective high affinity antibody responses emerge through an orchestrated developmental process that occurs in germinal centers (GCs). While GCs have been appreciated since 1930, a wealth of recent progress provides new insights into the molecular and cellular dynamics governing humoral immunity. In this review, we highlight advances that demonstrate that fundamental GC B cell function, selection, proliferation and SHM occur within distinct cell states. The resulting new model provides new opportunities to understand the evolution of immunity in infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus R. Clark
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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42
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Liu GJ, Jaritz M, Wöhner M, Agerer B, Bergthaler A, Malin SG, Busslinger M. Repression of the B cell identity factor Pax5 is not required for plasma cell development. J Exp Med 2021; 217:152012. [PMID: 32780801 PMCID: PMC7596824 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell and plasma cell fates are controlled by different transcriptional networks, as exemplified by the mutually exclusive expression and cross-antagonism of the B cell identity factor Pax5 and the plasma cell regulator Blimp1. It has been postulated that repression of Pax5 by Blimp1 is essential for plasma cell development. Here, we challenged this hypothesis by analyzing the IghPax5/+ mouse, which expressed a Pax5 minigene from the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus. Despite high Pax5 expression, plasma cells efficiently developed in young IghPax5/+ mice at steady state and upon immunization, while their number moderately declined in older mice. Although Pax5 significantly deregulated the plasma cell expression program, key plasma cell regulators were normally expressed in IghPax5/+ plasma cells. While IgM and IgA secretion by IghPax5/+ plasma cells was normal, IgG secretion was modestly decreased. Hence, Pax5 repression is not essential for robust plasma cell development and antibody secretion, although it is required for optimal IgG production and accumulation of long-lived plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace J Liu
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Jaritz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Wöhner
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen G Malin
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
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43
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Lee J, Park H, Lim J, Jin HS, Park Y, Jung YJ, Ko HJ, Yoon SI, Lee GS, Kim PH, Choi SS, Xiao C, Kang SG. GSK3 Restrains Germinal Center B Cells to Form Plasma Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:481-493. [PMID: 33380497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
B cells in the germinal center (GC) are programmed to form plasma cells (PCs) or memory B cells according to signals received by receptors that are translated to carry out appropriate activities of transcription factors. However, the precise mechanism underlying this process to complete the GC reaction is unclear. In this study, we show that both genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in GC B cells of mice facilitate the cell fate decision toward PC formation, accompanied by acquisition of dark zone B cell properties. Mechanistically, under stimulation with CD40L and IL-21, GSK3 inactivation synergistically induced the transcription factors Foxo1 and c-Myc, leading to increased levels of key transcription factors required for PC differentiation, including IRF4. This GSK3-mediated alteration of transcriptional factors in turn facilitated the dark zone transition and consequent PC fate commitment. Our study thus reveals the upstream master regulator responsible for interpreting external cues in GC B cells to form PCs mediated by key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Lee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seung Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; .,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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44
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Wiggins KJ, Scharer CD. Roadmap to a plasma cell: Epigenetic and transcriptional cues that guide B cell differentiation. Immunol Rev 2020; 300:54-64. [PMID: 33278036 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) or plasma cells secrete antibodies and form a cornerstone of humoral immunity. B cells that receive activation signals in the presence or absence of T cells initiate a differentiation program that requires epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming in order to ultimately form ASC. Reprogramming is accomplished through the interplay of transcription factors that initiate gene expression programs and epigenetic mechanisms that maintain these programs and cell fates. An important consideration is that all of these factors are operating in the context of cell division. Recent technical advances now allow mechanistic studies to move beyond genetic studies to identify the promoters and enhancer repertoires that are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors in rare cell types and differentiation stages in vivo. This review will detail efforts to integrate transcriptional and epigenetic changes during B cell differentiation with cell division in vivo. What has emerged is a multiphased differentiation model that requires distinct transcription factors and epigenetic programs at each step. The identification of markers that define each phase will help facilitate the manipulation of B cell differentiation for vaccine development or to treat diseases where antibodies are a component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan J Wiggins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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45
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Ribeiro MM, Okawa S, Del Sol A. TransSynW: A single-cell RNA-sequencing based web application to guide cell conversion experiments. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:230-238. [PMID: 33125830 PMCID: PMC7848352 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of desired cell types by cell conversion remains a challenge. In particular, derivation of novel cell subtypes identified by single‐cell technologies will open up new strategies for cell therapies. The recent increase in the generation of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data and the concomitant increase in the interest expressed by researchers in generating a wide range of functional cells prompted us to develop a computational tool for tackling this challenge. Here we introduce a web application, TransSynW, which uses scRNA‐seq data for predicting cell conversion transcription factors (TFs) for user‐specified cell populations. TransSynW prioritizes pioneer factors among predicted conversion TFs to facilitate chromatin opening often required for cell conversion. In addition, it predicts marker genes for assessing the performance of cell conversion experiments. Furthermore, TransSynW does not require users' knowledge of computer programming and computational resources. We applied TransSynW to different levels of cell conversion specificity, which recapitulated known conversion TFs at each level. We foresee that TransSynW will be a valuable tool for guiding experimentalists to design novel protocols for cell conversion in stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Messias Ribeiro
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Satoshi Okawa
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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46
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Xia X, Wang W, Yin K, Wang S. Interferon regulatory factor 8 governs myeloid cell development. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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Jeong E, Kim J, Go M, Lee SY. Early estrogen-induced gene 1 facilitates osteoclast formation through the inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 8 expression. FASEB J 2020; 34:12894-12906. [PMID: 32741026 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001197r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast-mediated inflammatory bone resorption is a major cause of many inflammatory bone disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. However, the mechanisms regulating osteoclast differentiation in inflammatory settings are not well understood. We demonstrate here that early estrogen-induced gene 1 (EEIG1)-deficient mice are protected from inflammatory bone loss as determined with the use of models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone destruction. EEIG1-deficient macrophages markedly decreased RANKL- and TNFα-mediated osteoclastogenesis due to the downregulation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is an essential transcription factor for osteoclast formation. In contrast, expression of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a transcriptional repressor that blocks osteoclast differentiation, is elevated in EEIG1-deficient macrophages relative to wild-type cells. We found that reduced expression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1) by siRNA downregulated RANKL-induced EEIG1 levels, whereas overexpression of Blimp1 potentiated EEIG1 levels. Mechanistic studies revealed that EEIG1 forms a complex with Blimp1 to negatively regulate the expression of the anti-osteoclastogenic gene, Irf8. We elucidated a novel mechanism by which EEIG1 restricts IRF8 expression and function, thereby enhancing the osteoclast formation by contributing to Blimp1-mediated IRF8 regulation. Together, these findings identify EEIG1 as a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis and a possible therapeutic target for pathological bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eutteum Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeon Go
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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48
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Liu Q, Yu J, Wang L, Tang Y, Zhou Q, Ji S, Wang Y, Santos L, Haeusler RA, Que J, Rajbhandari P, Lei X, Valenti L, Pajvani UB, Qin J, Qiang L. Inhibition of PU.1 ameliorates metabolic dysfunction and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2020; 73:361-370. [PMID: 32135178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is a well-established risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Herein, we aimed to identify novel pathogenic factors (and possible therapeutic targets) underlying metabolic dysfunction in the liver. METHODS We applied a tandem quantitative proteomics strategy to enrich and identify transcription factors (TFs) induced in the obese liver. We used flow cytometry of liver cells to analyze the source of the induced TFs. We employed conditional knockout mice, shRNA, and small-molecule inhibitors to test the metabolic consequences of the induction of identified TFs. Finally, we validated mouse data in patient liver biopsies. RESULTS We identified PU.1/SPI1, the master hematopoietic regulator, as one of the most upregulated TFs in livers from diet-induced obese (DIO) and genetically obese (db/db) mice. Targeting PU.1 in the whole liver, but not hepatocytes alone, significantly improved glucose homeostasis and suppressed liver inflammation. Consistently, treatment with the PU.1 inhibitor DB1976 markedly reduced inflammation and improved glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia in DIO mice, and strongly suppressed glucose intolerance, liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in a dietary NASH mouse model. Furthermore, hepatic PU.1 expression was positively correlated with insulin resistance and inflammation in liver biopsies from patients. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the elevated hematopoietic factor PU.1 promotes liver metabolic dysfunction, and may be a useful therapeutic target for obesity, insulin resistance/T2D, and NASH. LAY SUMMARY Expression of the immune regulator PU.1 is increased in livers of obese mice and people. Blocking PU.1 improved glucose homeostasis, and reduced liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in mouse models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Inhibition of PU.1 is thus a potential therapeutic strategy for treating obesity-associated liver dysfunction and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongming Liu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center at Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Liheng Wang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Yuliang Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center at Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuhui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center at Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Luis Santos
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Prashant Rajbhandari
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi Milano, and Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Utpal B Pajvani
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, USA.
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center at Beijing), Beijing 102206, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA.
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49
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Lee K, Jang SH, Tian H, Kim SJ. NonO Is a Novel Co-factor of PRDM1 and Regulates Inflammatory Response in Monocyte Derived-Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1436. [PMID: 32765503 PMCID: PMC7378894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper expression of the transcription factor, Positive regulatory domain 1 (PRDM1), is required for maintaining homeostasis of human monocyte derived-dendritic cells (MO-DCs). The molecular mechanisms and gene targets of PRDM1 in B and T lymphocytes have been identified. However, the function of PRDM1 in dendritic cells (DCs) remains unclear. We investigate co-regulators of PRDM1 in MO-DCs identified by mass spectrometry (MS) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Notably, non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NonO) was found to be a PRDM1 binding protein in the nucleus of MO-DCs. NonO is recruited to the PRDM1 binding site in the promoter region of IL-6. Knockdown of NonO expression by siRNA lessened suppression of IL-6 promoter activity by PRMD1 following LPS stimulation. While NonO binding to PRDM1 was observed in human myeloma cell lines, an effect of NonO on IL-6 expression was not observed. Thus, loss of NonO interrupted the inhibitory effect of PRDM1 on IL-6 expression in MO-DCs, but not plasma cells. Moreover, MO-DCs with low expression of PRDM1 or NonO induce an increased number of IL-21-producing TFH-like cells in vitro. These data suggest that low level of PRDM1 and NonO lead to enhanced activation of MO-DCs and the regulation of MO-DC function by PRDM1 is mediated through cell lineage-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungwoo Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Su Hwa Jang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Tian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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50
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Ricker E, Chinenov Y, Pannellini T, Flores-Castro D, Ye C, Gupta S, Manni M, Liao JK, Pernis AB. Serine-threonine kinase ROCK2 regulates germinal center B cell positioning and cholesterol biosynthesis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3654-3670. [PMID: 32229726 PMCID: PMC7324193 DOI: 10.1172/jci132414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) responses require B cells to respond to a dynamic set of intercellular and microenvironmental signals that instruct B cell positioning, differentiation, and metabolic reprogramming. RHO-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2), a serine-threonine kinase that can be therapeutically targeted by ROCK inhibitors or statins, is a key downstream effector of RHOA GTPases. Although RHOA-mediated pathways are emerging as critical regulators of GC responses, the role of ROCK2 in B cells is unknown. Here, we found that ROCK2 was activated in response to key T cell signals like CD40 and IL-21 and that it regulated GC formation and maintenance. RNA-Seq analyses revealed that ROCK2 controlled a unique transcriptional program in GC B cells that promoted optimal GC polarization and cholesterol biosynthesis. ROCK2 regulated this program by restraining AKT activation and subsequently enhancing FOXO1 activity. ATAC-Seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing) and biochemical analyses revealed that the effects of ROCK2 on cholesterol biosynthesis were instead mediated via a novel mechanism. ROCK2 directly phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a crucial mediator of GC responses, and promoted its interaction with sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2) at key regulatory regions controlling the expression of cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes, resulting in optimal recruitment of SREBP2 at these sites. These findings thus uncover ROCK2 as a multifaceted and therapeutically targetable regulator of GC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edd Ricker
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Tania Pannellini
- Research Division and
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, HSS, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danny Flores-Castro
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Chao Ye
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Michela Manni
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), New York, New York, USA
| | - James K. Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra B. Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), New York, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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