1
|
Oyetola WD, Daou S, Bonfoh B, Bada Alambedji R. Impact of herd mobility on brucellosis seroprevalence and spread risk resulting from cross-border transhumance. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1446. [PMID: 38595033 PMCID: PMC11004542 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-border livestock mobility through transhumance is mainly practiced in West African countries for seasonal access to resources and market. Cross-border herds are involved in the dynamic of transboundary animal diseases among them brucellosis taken as model. Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease causing abortion. OBJECTIVES This study explores the seroprevalence of brucellosis according to mobility and infection spread between Mali and Côte d'Ivoire in the context of seasonal cross-border transhumance. METHODS From February to April 2021, a transversal serological survey of brucellosis was conducted on 521 cattle from 111 transhumant herds and 283 cattle from 59 sedentary herds, all from Mali. RESULTS The global individual seroprevalence for Brucella spp. in transhumant and sedentary cattle from Mali was 8.2% (95% CI = 6.0-10.5). At herd level, seroprevalence was 21.2% with a significant variation between transhumant (11.7%) and sedentary (39.0%) herds. For herds in transhumance, cattle seropositivity was associated with a previous infection suspected by herdsmen odds ratio (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.1-18.1) and unknown abortion aetiology (OR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.0-17.3). The departure region (coming from Sikasso) and previous brucellosis infection or unexplained abortion could be used to predict Brucella infection in transhumant herds with a probability of around 60%. The risk of brucellosis introduction in host regions was high despite the individual animal seroprevalence of 3.6% and a low sale rate in transhumant cattle. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that testing transhumant during border control and survey of cattle markets and sales could improve risk control of the spread of disease at regional scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samba Daou
- Ecole Inter‐Etats des Sciences et Médecine VétérinairesDakarSenegal
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifique en Côte d'IvoireAbidjanIvory Coast
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ejaz M, Ali S, Syed MA, Melzer F, Faryal R, Dadar M, Abbasi SA, El-Adawy H, Neubauer H. Seroprevalence and molecular detection of brucellosis among Pakistani women with spontaneous abortion. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1372327. [PMID: 38689773 PMCID: PMC11059955 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1372327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human brucellosis is a neglected disease transmitted to humans from animals such as cattle, goats, dogs, and swine. The causative agents are bacteria of the genus Brucella, intracellular pathogens usually confined to the reproductive organs of their animal hosts causing sterility and abortions. The objective of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis among women with spontaneous abortions (SAW) and compare this seroprevalence with that of healthy pregnant women (HPW). Methods The case-control study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and molecular detection of brucellosis in women who suffered from spontaneous abortion and healthy pregnant women of the Haripur District of Pakistan. A total of 770 blood samples (n = 385 for each group) were collected from 9 public and 11 private hospitals in Haripur District from December 2021-March 2023. Data on demographic features, epidemiological variables, and risk factors were collected from each participant by structured questionnaires. Initial screening for brucellosis was performed by Rose Bengal Plate Test followed by qRT-PCR for molecular detection of the genus-specific BCSP-31 gene of Brucella. Results The study showed that anti-Brucella antibodies were more found in SAW 23.63% (91/385) than in HPW 1.29% (5/385). Brucella specific DNA was amplified in 89.01% (81/91) seropositive samples of SAW. Demographic features and risk factors such as age, urbanicity, socioeconomic status, education, occupation, and animal contact were found significantly associated with brucellosis (p ≤ 0.05). Consumption of unpasteurized raw milk (OR = 18.28, 95%CI: 8.16-40.94) was found highly concomitant with seroprevalence. Conclusion This study reports the first evidence of involvement of brucellosis in spontaneous abortions in women of Pakistan. The study can be used to develop strategies for risk management during pregnancy, to raise awareness for brucellosis, and develop control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, Government Postgraduate College Mandian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Rani Faryal
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zavattieri L, Muñoz González F, Ferrero MC, Baldi PC. Immune Responses Potentially Involved in the Gestational Complications of Brucella Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:1450. [PMID: 38133333 PMCID: PMC10747693 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by Brucella species in pregnant animals and humans is associated with an increased risk of abortion, preterm birth, and transmission of the infection to the offspring. The pathogen has a marked tropism for the placenta and the pregnant uterus and has the ability to invade and replicate within cells of the maternal-fetal unit, including trophoblasts and decidual cells. Placentitis is a common finding in infected pregnant animals. Several proinflammatory factors have been found to be increased in both the placenta of Brucella-infected animals and in trophoblasts or decidual cells infected in vitro. As normal pregnancies require an anti-inflammatory placental environment during most of the gestational period, Brucella-induced placentitis is thought to be associated with the obstetric complications of brucellosis. A few studies suggest that the blockade of proinflammatory factors may prevent abortion in these cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Zavattieri
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (L.Z.); (F.M.G.); (M.C.F.)
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Florencia Muñoz González
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (L.Z.); (F.M.G.); (M.C.F.)
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Mariana C. Ferrero
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (L.Z.); (F.M.G.); (M.C.F.)
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Pablo C. Baldi
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (L.Z.); (F.M.G.); (M.C.F.)
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shanta IS, Heffelfinger JD, Hossain K, Ahmed F, Kafi MAH, Sultana S, Tiller R, Kennedy ED, Kadzik M, Ivey ML, Islam A, Ahmed SSU, Rahman AKMA, Giasuddin M, Negron ME, Salzer JS. Exposure to Brucella spp. in Humans and Cows in a High Milk-Producing Area of Bangladesh. ECOHEALTH 2023; 20:416-426. [PMID: 38127112 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by some species within the Brucella genus. The primary and secondary objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in humans and cows and identify risk factors for exposure to Brucella spp. among people in Shahjadpur sub-district, Bangladesh. Twenty-five villages were randomly selected from the 303 milk-producing villages in the sub-district. We randomly selected 5% of the total households from each village. At each household, we collected demographic information and history of potential exposure to Brucella spp. in humans. In addition, we collected serum from household participants and serum and milk from cattle and tested to detect antibodies to Brucella sp. Univariate analysis was performed to detect associations between seropositivity and demographics, risk factors, and behaviors in households. We enrolled 647 households, 1313 humans, and 698 cows. Brucella antibodies were detected in sera from 27 household participants (2.1%, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2-2.9%). Eleven (1.6%, 95%CI 0.6-2.4%) cows had detectable Brucella antibodies in either milk or serum. About half (53%) of the 698 cows exhibited more than one reproductive problem within the past year; of these, seven (2%) had Brucella antibodies. Households with seropositive individuals more frequently reported owning cattle (78% vs. 32%, P < 0.001). Despite a low prevalence of Brucella seropositivity in the study, the public health importance of brucellosis cannot be ruled out. Further studies would help define Brucella prevalence and risk factors in this region and nationally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ireen Sultana Shanta
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - James D Heffelfinger
- Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kamal Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shabiha Sultana
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Rebekah Tiller
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin D Kennedy
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Kadzik
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa L Ivey
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ausraful Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Anisur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giasuddin
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maria E Negron
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Johanna S Salzer
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Majzoobi MM, Teimori R, Nouri S, Karami M, Bosilkovski M, Saadatmand A. Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Outcomes of Gestation in Women with and Without Brucella Infection. J Res Health Sci 2023; 23:e00575. [PMID: 37571946 PMCID: PMC10422141 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications of brucellosis in pregnant women are probably higher than those in the general population. This comparative study aimed to survey the mentioned complications in pregnant women with positive and negative Brucella serologic tests. STUDY DESIGN This is a prospective cohort study. METHODS In this study, 2160 pregnant women residing in the rural area of Hamadan province were screened for Brucella infection by agglutination test. Then, 106 (4.90%) pregnant women with a positive test (exposed group) were compared with 210 subjects (non-exposed group) who were randomly selected from more than 2000 pregnant women with a negative serological test in terms of maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes from October 2018 to March 2020. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software at a 95% confidence level. RESULTS The mean age of mothers in both exposed and unexposed groups was 27.84±6.13 and 38.71±6.85 years, respectively. Past medical history of brucellosis, animal contact, and the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products were reported to be 14 (13.2%), 63 (59.4%), and 82 (77.4%), respectively, in the exposed group. The mentioned measures were 3 (1.5%), 109 (51.9%), and 54 (26.9%) in the unexposed group, respectively. Among exposed and unexposed groups, the incidence of abortion was 9 (8.6%) and 5 (2.4%) with P=0.005, intrauterine fetal death was 2 (1.9%) and zero with P=0.211, low birth weight was 10 (10.6%) and 7 (3.4%) with P=0.012, and premature birth was 15 (15.2%) and 18 (8.8%) with P=0.066, respectively. CONCLUSION Brucella infection in pregnant women appears to be associated with the risk of miscarriage, low birth weight, and premature birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Majzoobi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roya Teimori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahla Nouri
- Department of Family Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mile Bosilkovski
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Medical Faculty University “Ss Cyrilus and Methodius”, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Ali Saadatmand
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Di Bari C, Venkateswaran N, Bruce M, Fastl C, Huntington B, Patterson GT, Rushton J, Torgerson P, Pigott DM, Devleesschauwer B. Methodological choices in brucellosis burden of disease assessments: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010468. [PMID: 36512611 PMCID: PMC9794075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foodborne and zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis present many challenges to public health and economic welfare. Increasingly, researchers and public health institutes use disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to generate a comprehensive comparison of the population health impact of these conditions. DALYs calculations, however, entail a number of methodological choices and assumptions, with data gaps and uncertainties to accommodate. Thisreview identifies existing brucellosis burden of disease studies and analyzes their methodological choices, assumptions, and uncertainties. It supports the Global Burden of Animal Diseases programme in the development of a systematic methodology to describe the impact of animal diseases on society, including human health. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A systematic search for brucellosis burden of disease calculations was conducted in pre-selected international and grey literature databases. Using a standardized reporting framework, we evaluated each estimate on a variety of key methodological assumptions necessary to compute a DALY. Fourteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria (human brucellosis and quantification of DALYs). One study reported estimates at the global level, the rest were national or subnational assessments. Data regarding different methodological choices were extracted, including detailed assessments of the adopted disease models. Most studies retrieved brucellosis epidemiological data from administrative registries. Incidence data were often estimated on the basis of laboratory-confirmed tests. Not all studies included mortality estimates (Years of Life Lost) in their assessments due to lack of data or the assumption that brucellosis is not a fatal disease. Only two studies used a model with variable health states and corresponding disability weights. The rest used a simplified singular health state approach. Wide variation was seen in the duration chosen for brucellosis, ranging from 2 weeks to 4.5 years, irrespective of the whether a chronic state was included. CONCLUSION Available brucellosis burden of disease assessments vary widely in their methodology and assumptions. Further research is needed to better characterize the clinical course of brucellosis and to estimate case-fatality rates. Additionally, reporting of methodological choices should be improved to enhance transparency and comparability of estimates. These steps will increase the value of these estimates for policy makers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Di Bari
- GBADs programme -, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Narmada Venkateswaran
- GBADs programme -, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- GBADs programme -, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Christina Fastl
- GBADs programme -, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ben Huntington
- GBADs programme -, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Pengwern Animal Health Ltd, Wallasey Wirral, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Grace T. Patterson
- GBADs programme -, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- GBADs programme -, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Torgerson
- GBADs programme -, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David M. Pigott
- GBADs programme -, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- GBADs programme -, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seroprevalence of Specific Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Brucella spp. in Sheep and Goats in Egypt. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233327. [PMID: 36496847 PMCID: PMC9735859 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, and brucellosis are devastating diseases causing infectious abortion and, therefore, substantial economic losses in farm animals. Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are caused by the intracellular protozoan parasites Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Neospora caninum (N. caninum), respectively. Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by numerous Brucella species in multiple hosts. Toxoplasmosis and brucellosis are also considered foodborne zoonotic diseases. In the current study, specific antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum, in addition to those to Brucella spp., were detected to gain a better understanding of the epidemiological situation for these three pathogens. Sheep and goat sera from Egypt (n = 360) of animals with and without a history of abortion were tested using commercial ELISAs. Seropositivity rates of 46.1%, 11.9%, and 8.6% for T. gondii, N. caninum, and Brucella spp., respectively, were revealed. Mixed infections with T. gondii and Brucella spp. (4.4%), T. gondii and N. caninum (4.2%), N. caninum and Brucella spp. (1.4%), and even some triple infections (0.6%) have been observed. Animals with a history of abortion had a significantly higher seroprevalence for Brucella spp. infection than those without abortion (12.6%; 28/222 vs. 2.2%; 3/138) (p = 0.0005; Odds ratio = 1.9-21.8), while none of the other pathogens showed a similar effect. This result suggests brucellosis as a possible cause of abortion in the study population. However, the high seroprevalence for T. gondii and N. caninum revealed in our study warrants further investigations.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ebani VV. Reproductive Disorders in Domestic Ruminants: A One Health Concern. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101139. [PMID: 36297196 PMCID: PMC9607530 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mligo BJ, Sindato C, Yapi RB, Mathew C, Mkupasi EM, Kazwala RR, Karimuribo ED. Knowledge, attitude and practices of frontline health workers in relation to detection of brucellosis in rural settings of Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2022; 4:1. [PMID: 34983693 PMCID: PMC8725462 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-021-00056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis an important zoonotic disease worldwide, which frequently presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness with otherwise varied and non-specific clinical manifestations. Despite its importance, there are few reports on its awareness among frontline health workers. This study aimed at assessing the baseline knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) related to detection and management of brucellosis among frontline health workers (FHWs) namely; healthcare workers (HWs) and community health workers (CHWs). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020 in Kilosa and Chalinze districts of Tanzania. Data on demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding brucellosis were collected from the study participants using a structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with 32 HWs and 32 CHWs who were systematically selected in study districts. Chi square/fisher Exact was used to assess the association between sociodemographic variables and those related to knowledge, attitude and practices. RESULTS Overall, a total of 30 (93.8%) HWs and nine (28.1%) CHWs from the study districts heard about brucellosis, with (34.4%) of HWs having knowledge about the causative organism. Overall, knowledge showed almost half (46.9%) HWs and (28.1%) CHWs were aware of the symptoms, clinical signs, diagnosis and control regarding brucellosis. Knowledge difference was statistically significant with HWs' age (p = 0.016). Almost half (46.9%) HWs and less than quarter (12.5%) CHWs had good practices regarding brucellosis control. Almost three quarters (71.9%) of HWs and (21.9%) CHWs had positive attitude regarding brucellosis control; overall attitude was statistically significant with CHWs age (p = 0.028) and education level (p = 0.024). Lack of awareness and unavailability of diagnostic tools were the main challenges faced by FHWs in the two districts. CONCLUSION The majority of participants were not aware of human brucellosis. Moreover, their overall knowledge was inadequate and the common practices were diagnostic tools, and adequate knowledge to manage brucellosis cases. These findings highlight the need to strengthen frontline health workers knowledge, practices and diagnostic capacities related to brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Joseph Mligo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Calvin Sindato
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora Research Centre, Tabora, Tanzania
| | - Richard B Yapi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Coletha Mathew
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ernatus M Mkupasi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Rudovick R Kazwala
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Esron D Karimuribo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rickettsia burneti and Brucella melitensis co-infection: a case report and literature review. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:270. [PMID: 34610810 PMCID: PMC8493673 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickettsia is the pathogen of Q fever, Brucella ovis is the pathogen of brucellosis, and both of them are Gram-negative bacteria which are parasitic in cells. The mixed infection of rickettsia and Brucella ovis is rarely reported in clinic. Early diagnosis and treatment are of great significance to the treatment and prognosis of brucellosis and Q fever. Here, we report a case of co-infection Rickettsia burneti and Brucella melitensis. The patient is a 49-year-old sheepherder, who was hospitalized with left forearm trauma. Three days after admission, the patient developed fever of 39.0°C, accompanied by sweating, fatigue, poor appetite and headache. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) was used to detect Rickettsia burneti IgM. After 72 hours of blood culture incubation, bacterial growth was detected in aerobic bottles, Gram-negative bacilli were found in culture medium smear, the colony was identified as Brucella melitensis by mass spectrometry. Patients were treated with doxycycline (100 mg bid, po) and rifampicin (600 mg qd, po) for 4 weeks. After treatment, the symptoms disappeared quickly, and there was no sign of recurrence or chronic infection. Q fever and Brucella may exist in high-risk practitioners, so we should routinely detect these two pathogens to prevent missed diagnosis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tschopp R, Gebregiorgis A, Tassachew Y, Andualem H, Osman M, Waqjira MW, Hattendorf J, Mohammed A, Hamid M, Molla W, Mitiku SA, Walke H, Negron M, Kadzik M, Mamo G. Integrated human-animal sero-surveillance of Brucellosis in the pastoral Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009593. [PMID: 34358232 PMCID: PMC8372887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is widespread in Ethiopia with variable reported prevalence depending on the geographical area, husbandry practices and animal species. However, there is limited information on the disease prevalence amongst pastoral communities, whose life is intricately linked with their livestock. Methodology We conducted an integrated human-animal brucellosis sero-surveillance study in two adjacent pastoral regions, Afar and Somali region (SRS). This cross-sectional study included 13 woredas (districts) and 650 households. Blood samples were collected from people and livestock species (cattle, camel, goats and sheep). Sera were analyzed with C-ELISA for camels and shoats (sheep and goats), with I-ELISA for cattle and IgG ELISA for humans. Descriptive and inferential statistics analyses were performed. Results A total of 5469 sera were tested by ELISA. Prevalence of livestock was 9.0% in Afar and 8.6% in SRS (ranging from 0.6 to 20.2% at woreda level). In humans, prevalence was 48.3% in Afar and 34.9% in SRS (ranging from 0.0 to 74.5% at woreda level). 68.4% of all households in Afar and 57.5% of households in SRS had at least one animal reactor. Overall, 4.1% of animals had a history of abortion. The proportion of animals with abortion history was higher in seropositive animals than in seronegative animals. Risk factor analysis showed that female animals were significantly at higher risk of being reactors (p = 0.013). Among the species, cattle had the least risk of being reactors (p = 0.014). In humans, there was a clear regional association of disease prevalence (p = 0.002). The older the people, the highest the odds of being seropositive. Conclusion Brucellosis is widespread in humans and animals in pastoral communities of Afar and SRS with the existence of geographical hotspots. No clear association was seen between human and particular livestock species prevalence, hence there was no indication as whether B. abortus or B. melitensis are circulating in these areas, which warrants further molecular research prior to embarking on a national control programs. Such programs will need to be tailored to the pastoral context. Brucellosis is a neglected disease of livestock that can be transmitted to people through consumption of raw animal products and direct contact with animal birth material. Although prevalent in Ethiopia, there is limited information on the disease prevalence amongst pastoral communities, whose life is intricately linked with their livestock. We therefore, conducted a disease surveillance in people and their livestock in Afar and Somali region (SRS), two pastoral regions of Ethiopia. The study included 13 districts and 650 households. A total of 5469 blood samples were collected from people and livestock species (cattle, camel, sheep and goats) and analyzed using commercial brucellosis ELISA assays. Livestock brucellosis prevalence was 9% in Afar and 8.6% in SRS (ranging from 0.6 to 20.2% at woreda level). In humans, prevalence was 48.3% in Afar and 34.9% in SRS (ranging from 0 to 74.5% at woreda level). 68.4% of all households in Afar and 57.5% of households in SRS had at least one positive animal. This study showed that the disease is widespread in human and their livestock in pastoral communities of Afar and SRS with the existence of geographical hotspots. Results will advise on tailored surveillance programs in pastoral communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rea Tschopp
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Yayehyirad Tassachew
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Hawasa University college of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Andualem
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Debre Tabor University college of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Medical Laboratory,Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mahlet Osman
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Waji Waqjira
- ALERT (All African Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training) Center Clinical laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abdulkadir Mohammed
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Muhammed Hamid
- Samara University College of Veterinary Medicine, Samara, Ethiopia
| | - Wassie Molla
- University of Gondor, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Gondor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Henry Walke
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maria Negron
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Melissa Kadzik
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gezahegne Mamo
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akhtar R, Ali MM, Ullah A, Muttalib A, Mehboob K, Ullah A, Ahmad N, Chohan TZ. Genotyping of Brucella strains isolated from humans and cattle of different geographical regions of Pakistan using MLVA-15. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1688-1695. [PMID: 34245235 PMCID: PMC8464260 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prevalence of brucellosis and MLVA genotyping in animals and humans, isolated from different regions of Pakistan was performed. Animals having history of brucellosis from the field and local farms of Bannu, Mardan, Peshawar, Swat, Lahore and Islamabad were selected for blood collection. Humans that work with them were also selected for sampling in this study. Total of 600 samples were taken from cattle and humans and subjected to Rose Bengal plate Test (RBPT) for the initial screening of positive samples. Designed primers of B.abortus for cattle and B.melitensis for humans were utilised to perform PCR. Culturing and isolation was carried to further to perform MLVA genotyping assay through the selection of two panels of primer markers. Results RBPT showed more number of cases of brucellosis in animals and humans compared to the PCR findings. Genotyping findings based upon MLVA‐15 set of markers demonstrated that the isolated strains of B.abortus fall in the same clade with strain A1, P8 and A2 from Pakistan and also similar with BCCN#02‐45 strain from India. On the other hand, B.melitensis isolated from different districts of Pakistan shared the same clade with BwIM‐AFG 63, BwIM‐AFG 44 strains from Afghanistan and BwIM IRN 37 strain from Iran. Selected VNTR alleles were sequenced for calibration purposes. Conclusion It is concluded that Brucella is prevalent in animals and humans in studied districts of Pakistan. Moreover, A1, P8, BwIM‐AFG 63, BwIM‐AFG 44 and A2 were found the common genotypes in Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheela Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Muttalib
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashan Mehboob
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arif Ullah
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Zahoor Chohan
- Planning and Development Division, Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matle I, Ledwaba B, Madiba K, Makhado L, Jambwa K, Ntushelo N. Characterisation of Brucella species and biovars in South Africa between 2008 and 2018 using laboratory diagnostic data. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1245-1253. [PMID: 33974356 PMCID: PMC8294379 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic bacterial disease of humans and other animals. In the Republic of South Africa (RSA), animal brucellosis is widespread and the current available data on the prevalence of this disease rely solely on serological testing. The primary limitation of brucellosis serology is the lack of discriminatory powers to differentiate between Brucella species and biovars as well as the cross-reactivity observed with other Gram-negative bacteria. AIM The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective laboratory-based survey on Brucella species and biovars isolated from various animal species in SA between 2008 and 2018. MATERIAL AND METHODS The isolation of Brucella species and biovar typing was performed using conventional microbiological techniques. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 963 strains of Brucella species were included in this study with a frequency of detection for B. abortus (n = 883; 91.6%) followed by B. melitensis (n = 42; 4.4%), B. ovis (n = 29; 3.0%) and B. canis (n = 9; 0.9%). Of the 883 strains of B. abortus, 90.1% were typed as B. abortus biovar-1 while 5.7% as B. abortus biovar-2, and 3.3% and 0.5% were B. abortus S19 and B. abortus RB51 vaccine strains, respectively. Among the 42 B. melitensis strains, 71.4% were reported as B. melitensis biovar-1 and 26.2% as B. melitensis biovar-3 while 2.4% was B. melitensis biovar-2. CONCLUSION A retrospective study, such as this one, provides useful information that can be critical in formulating policies and strategies for the control and eradication of brucellosis in animal populations in RSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itumeleng Matle
- Bacteriology DivisionARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Betty Ledwaba
- Department of Veterinary Tropical DiseasesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Karabelo Madiba
- Biotechnology DivisionARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Lavhelesani Makhado
- Bacteriology DivisionARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Jambwa
- Bacteriology DivisionARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary ResearchPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Nombasa Ntushelo
- Biometry DivisionAgriculture Research CouncilStellenboschSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khurana SK, Sehrawat A, Tiwari R, Prasad M, Gulati B, Shabbir MZ, Chhabra R, Karthik K, Patel SK, Pathak M, Iqbal Yatoo M, Gupta VK, Dhama K, Sah R, Chaicumpa W. Bovine brucellosis - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:61-88. [PMID: 33353489 PMCID: PMC7833053 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1868616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anju Sehrawat
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Baldev Gulati
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equine, Hisar, India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Chhabra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ali S, Saeed U, Rizwan M, Hassan L, Syed MA, Melzer F, El-Adawy H, Neubauer H. Serosurvey and Risk Factors Associated with Brucella Infection in High Risk Occupations from District Lahore and Kasur of Punjab, Pakistan. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050620. [PMID: 34070142 PMCID: PMC8158371 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease, and occupations with a high risk of infection exist. Limited information is available on brucellosis for these employees at high risk in Pakistan. A total of 459 persons with high-risk occupations, i.e., 211 abattoir workers, 63 milkers, 52 dung cake makers, 44 veterinarians, 44 shepherds, and 45 veterinary students of the districts Kasur and Lahore, Pakistan, were tested in this study. Blood samples and information on place of residence, gender, age, urbanicity, type of occupation, socioeconomic status, contact with animals, consumption of raw milk, contact to women who had a miscarriage, contact to aborted animal fetus or abortion material, pregnancy, miscarriage history, or intrauterine fetal death were collected. Serum samples were examined using Rose Bengal tests for anti-Brucella antibodies and seropositive samples were subjected to genus-specific qPCR for the detection of DNA. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and binary regression. Twenty (4.35%) persons were seropositive for anti-Brucella antibodies. Out of these, 18 (90%) were tested positive by Brucella genus-specific qPCR. Positive sera were more often found in Lahore district (8.3%) than in Kasur district (3.1%). Persons older than 36 years were more often seropositive. Persons involved in the handing of milk and in contact with animals were more often seropositive. Contact with women who had had a miscarriage was also a significant factor for seropositivity for brucellosis. Place of residence, gender, age, urbanicity, and contact with animals were identified as potential risk factors in the present study. The present study confirmed that brucellosis is an occupation hazard for abattoir workers, milkers, dung cake makers, and veterinarians in the districts of Lahore and Kasur of Punjab, Pakistan. The study shows the need for strategies for safety at work to minimize the risk of infection. Raising awareness for the prevention and use of proper personal protection equipment during the slaughtering and treatment of animal is highly needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ali
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Ravi Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pattoki 54000, Pakistan; (U.S.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Usama Saeed
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Ravi Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pattoki 54000, Pakistan; (U.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Ravi Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pattoki 54000, Pakistan; (U.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Laiba Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan; (L.H.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan; (L.H.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.E.-A.); (H.N.)
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.E.-A.); (H.N.)
- Faculty Medicine of Veterinary, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.E.-A.); (H.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Djangwani J, Ooko Abong’ G, Gicuku Njue L, Kaindi DWM. Brucellosis: Prevalence with reference to East African community countries - A rapid review. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:851-867. [PMID: 33421354 PMCID: PMC8136958 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease which is endemic to certain regions of the world including Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this article is to provide a recent and rapid review on brucellosis prevalence in East African Community (EAC) countries. Literature was obtained using Google Scholar search engine and screened for relevancy and fulfilment of criteria to 1, 17, 4, 4, 30 and 29 articles retained for brucellosis prevalence in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Recent literature (published in the last decade 2010 to 2019) was considered for prevalence results in this review. In EAC, livestock had an animal-level prevalence of 0.2% to 43.8%, 0.0% to 20.0% and 0.0% to 13.8% for cattle, goats and sheep respectively. In humans, the prevalence varied mostly between 0.0% and 35.8%. In conclusion, brucellosis is quite prevalent in the region. The reported prevalence calls for plans or more efforts from individual member countries and from EAC, as a region, to control brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juvenal Djangwani
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary SciencesDepartment of Food Science, Nutrition and TechnologyUniversity of NairobiKangemiKenya
- College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary MedicineSchool of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversity of RwandaMusanzeRwanda
| | - George Ooko Abong’
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary SciencesDepartment of Food Science, Nutrition and TechnologyUniversity of NairobiKangemiKenya
| | - Lucy Gicuku Njue
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary SciencesDepartment of Food Science, Nutrition and TechnologyUniversity of NairobiKangemiKenya
| | - Dasel W. M. Kaindi
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary SciencesDepartment of Food Science, Nutrition and TechnologyUniversity of NairobiKangemiKenya
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Edathodu J, Alamri M, Alshangiti KA, Alfagyh NS, Alnaghmush AS, Albaiz F, Alothman B, Khalil H, Edathodu Z, Alrajhi AA. Clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of human brucellosis at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2021; 41:109-114. [PMID: 33818142 PMCID: PMC8020648 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis, which has profound public health and economic consequences, is endemic to Saudi Arabia. Brucella is transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals or by consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Manifestations of brucellosis are protean and require a combination of drugs to prevent the emergence of resistance. The WHO recommends the use of doxycycline with rifampicin or an aminoglycoside for brucellosis, but experts in Saudi Arabia prefer to avoid the use of rifampicin and aminoglycosides to lessen the possibility of emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. OBJECTIVES Compare rifampicin and doxycycline in the treatment of human brucellosis versus various combinations of doxycycline, with either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole), quinolones or aminoglycosides, and describe the clinical manifestations of brucellosis. DESIGN Retrospective medical record review. SETTING Single tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnosis of brucellosis was based on positive serology by standard agglutination test (SAT), or isolation by culture of Brucella species from blood, body fluid or tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cure rate with the use of doxycycline in combination with either co-trimoxazole, quinolone or aminoglyco-sides in comparison to doxycycline/rifampicin and the clinical features of brucellosis. SAMPLE SIZE 123. RESULTS In 118 (96%) patients, the median IgG/IgM antibody titers at diagnosis and at 6 and 12 months were 1:1280/1:1280, 1:640/1:640, and 1:320/1:160, respectively. There were no differences in outcome between treatment regimens, as evidenced by a significant decrease in SAT titers and symptom resolution within six months. Five (4%) patients relapsed from non-adherence to treatment, but responded well to a second course of treatment. Blood cultures were positive in 50 patients (41%) patients. Fever, arthralgia and back pain were the most common symptoms. Good serological and clinical responses were achieved in 96% of patients. Relapse in 4% (n=5) was due to self-reported non-adherence. LIMITATIONS Retrospective, relatively small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Doxycycline with co-trimoxazole is as efficacious as doxycycline/rifampicin in non-focal brucellosis and is preferred in countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Edathodu
- From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alamri
- From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah Ahmed Alshangiti
- From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura S. Alfagyh
- From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Alnaghmush
- From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Albaiz
- From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alothman
- From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Khalil
- From the Department of Biostatistics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zenusha Edathodu
- From the Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alrajhi
- From the Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garnier J, Savic S, Boriani E, Bagnol B, Häsler B, Kock R. Helping to heal nature and ourselves through human-rights-based and gender-responsive One Health. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2020; 2:22. [PMID: 33225225 PMCID: PMC7666884 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-020-00029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The health of our planet and humanity is threatened by biodiversity loss, disease and climate crises that are unprecedented in human history, driven by our insatiable consumption and unsustainable production patterns, particularly food systems. The One Health approach is a pathway to synergistically addressing outcomes in term of health and sustainability, but gender issues at the One Health and biodiversity nexus are largely ignored. By examining the roles and responsibilities of Indigenous and Local People, and especially women, in conserving natural resources, and the social costs of living at the Human-Animal-Environment interface under current conservation strategies, we show that women bear a disproportionate health, poverty and climate burden, despite having pivotal roles in conserving biodiversity. To mitigate risks of emerging infectious diseases, food insecurity and climate change impacts, a gender perspective has previously been proposed, but implementation lags behind. Endemic zoonotic diseases, human-wildlife conflict and environmental pollution lack gender-sensitive frameworks. We demonstrate that women can be powerful agents for change at all levels of society, from communities to businesses, and policy-making institutions, but gender inequalities still persist. We develop a framework for mainstreaming a gender-responsive and rights-based One Health approach, in order to heal ourselves and nature. Using a leverage-points perspective, we suggest a change of paradigm, from the pursuit of GDP and over-consumption, to a focus on human well-being and their reconnection with healthy environments, using a One Health understanding of nature and health. We recommend learning from Indigenous People to re-position ourselves within nature and to better conserve biodiversity. We also propose integration of gender equity in leadership, the respect of human rights, women's rights (access to health care, healthy food, land tenure, natural resources, education, and economic opportunities), and the rights of nature, through the implementation of gender-responsive and rights-based One Health Action Plans, at policy-making level, in the private sector and the civil society. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unveil deep socio-economic inequities in the wealthiest economies and the vital role of nature in supporting our health, we argue to seize this opportunity to build back better and improve resilience and sustainability by using a gender-responsive and rights-based One Health approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Garnier
- Odyssey Conservation Trust, Bakewell, Derbyshire, DE45 1LA England
- https://www.ecohealthinternational.org/regional-chapters/europe/
| | - Sara Savic
- https://www.ecohealthinternational.org/regional-chapters/europe/
- Naucni institut za veterinarstvo “Novi Sad”, Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Rumenacki put 20, Novi Sad, 21000 Serbia
| | - Elena Boriani
- https://www.ecohealthinternational.org/regional-chapters/europe/
| | - Brigitte Bagnol
- https://www.ecohealthinternational.org/regional-chapters/europe/
- Department of Anthropology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Barbara Häsler
- https://www.ecohealthinternational.org/regional-chapters/europe/
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA UK
| | - Richard Kock
- https://www.ecohealthinternational.org/regional-chapters/europe/
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bosilkovski M, Arapović J, Keramat F. Human brucellosis in pregnancy - an overview. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:415-422. [PMID: 31782698 PMCID: PMC7664790 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brucellosis during pregnancy is characterized by significantly less pronounced adverse obstetric outcomes than in animals, but with remarkably more adverse obstetric outcomes when compared to healthy pregnant women. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in pregnancy and cumulative incidence of brucellosis cases per 1000 delivered obstetrical discharges in endemic regions were reported to be 1.5–12.2% and 0.42–3.3, respectively. Depending on the region, the frequency of pregnant women in the cohorts of patients with brucellosis was from 1.5% to 16.9%. The most common and the most dramatic unfavorable outcomes during brucellosis in pregnancy are the obstetric ones, manifested as abortions (2.5–54.5%), intrauterine fetal death (0–20.6%), or preterm deliveries (1.2–28.6%), depending on the stage of pregnancy. Other unfavorable outcomes due to brucellosis are addressed to infant (congenital/neonatal brucellosis, low birth weight, development delay, or even death), the clinical course of disease in mother, and delivery team exposure. When diagnosed in pregnant women, brucellosis should be treated as soon as possible. Early administration of adequate therapy significantly reduces the frequency of adverse outcomes. Rifampicin in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 6 weeks is the most commonly used and recommended regimen, although monotherapies with each of these two drugs are also widely used while waiting for the results from prospective randomized therapeutic trials. As no effective human vaccine exists, screening of pregnant women and education of all women of childbearing age about brucellosis should be compulsory preventive measures in endemic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mile Bosilkovski
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Medical Faculty Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia; Working Group on Zoonoses, International Society for Chemotherapy, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jurica Arapović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Fariba Keramat
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hensel ME, Chaki SP, Stranahan L, Gregory AE, van Schaik EJ, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Khalaf O, Samuel JE, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Intratracheal Inoculation with Brucella melitensis in the Pregnant Guinea Pig Is an Improved Model for Reproductive Pathogenesis and Vaccine Studies. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00204-20. [PMID: 32690632 PMCID: PMC7504952 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00204-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive failure is the hallmark of brucellosis in animals. An uncommon but important complication in pregnant women who become acutely infected with Brucella melitensis is spontaneous pregnancy loss or vertical transmission to the fetus. Unfortunately, the mechanism behind reproductive failure is still obscure, partially due to the lack of a proper study model. Recently, it was demonstrated that intratracheal (IT) inoculation of nonpregnant guinea pigs would replicate features of clinical disease in humans. To determine if IT inoculation would induce reproductive disease, guinea pigs were infected at mid-gestation and monitored daily for fever and abortions. Fever developed between day 14 to 18 postinoculation, and by 3 weeks postinoculation, 75% of pregnant guinea pigs experienced stillbirths or spontaneous abortions mimicking natural disease. Next, to investigate the guinea pig as a model for evaluating vaccine efficacy during pregnancy, nonpregnant guinea pigs were vaccinated with S19, 16MΔvjbR + Quil-A, or 100 μl PBS + Quil-A (as control). Guinea pigs were bred and vaccinated guinea pigs were challenged at mid-gestation with B. melitensis IT inoculation and monitored for fever and abortions. Vaccination with both vaccines prevented fever and protected against abortion. Together, this study indicates that pregnant guinea pigs are an appropriate animal model to study reproductive disease and offer an improved model to evaluate the ability of vaccine candidates to protect against a serious manifestation of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Hensel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sankar P Chaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Stranahan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony E Gregory
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Erin J van Schaik
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel G Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Omar Khalaf
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - James E Samuel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ntirandekura JB, Matemba LE, Kimera SI, Muma JB, Karimuribo ED. Association of brucellosis to abortions in humans and domestic ruminants in Kagera ecosystem, Tanzania. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1879-1887. [PMID: 32065731 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease of socio-economic importance. Understanding the association of this disease with pregnancy outcome has the potential of contributing to the reduction of its reproductive burden in humans and animals among pastoral communities in Tanzania. A prospective cohort study was conducted in Kagera Region on pregnant women (n = 76) and gravid ruminants (121 cattle, 125 goats and 111 sheep). Exposed and non-exposed groups to brucellosis were followed for 6 months (from 15 November 2017 to 15 April 2018). Sera were collected and analysed using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) test. Measures of effect, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed. Positivity to both RBT and FPA tests was 21% (95% CI: 12.5-32) in pregnant women and 5% (95% CI: 3.1-8) in gravid ruminants. Among aborted cases, four women (out of nine), two cows (out of seven), two goats (out of 26) and zero sheep (out of 11) were positive to brucellosis. The abortion rate in humans and ruminants was 11.8% and 12.3%, respectively. Seropositivity to brucellosis was similar in aborted and non-aborted cases in humans (p = .08) and in ruminants (p = .2). At the population level, brucellosis was associated with abortions (population attributable risk: PAR) at 3.5% in pregnant women and at 0.5% in gravid ruminants in the study area. Infections to brucellosis were increased in exposed pregnant women (OR = 19; 95% CI: 1.8-203, p = .01) and in cattle (OR = 11; 95% CI: 1.3-88, p = .02). There is an indication that brucellosis could be contributing to abortions in pregnant women and domestic ruminants Kagera Region. Molecular tools could support more the results from serological tests to avoid cross-reaction with other pathogen agents. Control of brucellosis in animals is likely to reduce the threat of abortions in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bosco Ntirandekura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Département de Santé et Productions Animales, Faculté d'Agronomie et de Bio-Ingénierie, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | | | - Sharadhuli Iddi Kimera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Esron Daniel Karimuribo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ntirandekura JB, Makene VA, Kasanga CJ, Matemba LE, Kimera SI, Muma JB, Karimuribo ED. Molecular characterization of Brucella species detected in humans and domestic ruminants of pastoral areas in Kagera ecosystem, Tanzania. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:711-719. [PMID: 32567249 PMCID: PMC7738721 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of importance to both public health and the livestock industry. The disease is likely to be endemic in Tanzania and little is reported on molecular characterization of Brucella species in pastoral settings. This study aimed at characterizing Brucella species (targeting genus Brucella) infecting humans, cattle and goat in Kagera region (Ngara and Karagwe districts) using real-time PCR, PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes and Sanger sequencing. Brucella spp. were detected in 47 samples (19 sera and 28 milk) out of 125 samples (77 sera, 35 milk and 13 aborted materials) using real-time PCR. All aborted materials (13 samples) were negative to real-time PCR. Out of the 47 real-time PCR positive samples (28 milk and 19 sera), 20 samples (10 milk and 10 sera) showed an expected 16S rRNA gene PCR product. Sequence analysis and blasting confirmed the presence of Brucella spp. in pastoral areas of Kagera region. The Brucella spp. from Kagera were phylogenetically grouped in two clades and three branches all closer to B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. suis from USA, Sudan and Iran. However, they were distinct from other species isolated also in USA, New Zealand, Germany and Egypt. This was expected based on the distance between the geographical regions from which the data (nucleotides sequences from 16S gene sequencing) for the phylogeny reconstruction were obtained. This is the first study to report Brucella species identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in East and Central Africa. A livestock vaccination program re-inforced with a high index of Brucella diagnosis is needed to eradicate brucellosis in animals and minimize suffering from Brucella infections in humans in Tanzania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bosco Ntirandekura
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.,Département de Santé et Productions Animales, Faculté d'Agronomie et de Bio-Ingénierie, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Victor A Makene
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Christopher J Kasanga
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Lucas E Matemba
- The National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Sharadhuli I Kimera
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - John B Muma
- Department of Disease Control, TheUniversity of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Esron D Karimuribo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bosilkovski M, Stojovski M, Siskova D, Ridov A, Kostoska E, Krstevski K. Brucellosis in pregnancy: case reports with different outcomes in an endemic region. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:338-343. [PMID: 33456122 PMCID: PMC7808227 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.02.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Different outcomes of brucellosis in pregnancy regarding the fetus/neonate and the mother are described. Medical records of five pregnant women with brucellosis were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were treated in several departments of infectious diseases in the Republic of Macedonia between 1995 and 2009. The diagnosis of brucellosis was based on clinical findings compatible with the disease supported by detection of specific antibodies. Pregnancy outcomes in patients were as follows: spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal death, premature delivery in two cases (one with twin pregnancy) and term delivery. One of the women experienced relapse. Follow-up results of neonates showed no infection and their normal growth and development. Brucellosis, especially if acquired in early pregnancy, can have an impact on pregnancy outcome. In endemic regions, in pregnant women with persisting fever and unspecific manifestations one should always have in mind brucellosis. In these areas, cases with unexplained spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal death and premature delivery should also be investigated for brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan Stojovski
- 1Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 2University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Shtip Medical Center, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, Kavadarci Medical Center, Kavadarci, Republic of Macedonia; 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Prilep Medical Center, Prilep, Republic of Macedonia; 6Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dijana Siskova
- 1Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 2University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Shtip Medical Center, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, Kavadarci Medical Center, Kavadarci, Republic of Macedonia; 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Prilep Medical Center, Prilep, Republic of Macedonia; 6Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Ridov
- 1Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 2University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Shtip Medical Center, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, Kavadarci Medical Center, Kavadarci, Republic of Macedonia; 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Prilep Medical Center, Prilep, Republic of Macedonia; 6Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Emilija Kostoska
- 1Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 2University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Shtip Medical Center, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, Kavadarci Medical Center, Kavadarci, Republic of Macedonia; 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Prilep Medical Center, Prilep, Republic of Macedonia; 6Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Kiril Krstevski
- 1Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 2University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Shtip Medical Center, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, Kavadarci Medical Center, Kavadarci, Republic of Macedonia; 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Prilep Medical Center, Prilep, Republic of Macedonia; 6Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu PA, Tran EL, Parker CM, Kim HJ, Yee EL, Smith PW, Russell Z, Nelson CA, Broussard CS, Yu YC, Meaney-Delman D. Safety of Antimicrobials During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Antimicrobials Considered for Treatment and Postexposure Prophylaxis of Plague. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 70:S37-S50. [PMID: 32435799 PMCID: PMC10867625 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety profile of antimicrobials used during pregnancy is one important consideration in the decision on how to treat and provide postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for plague during pregnancy. METHODS We searched 5 scientific literature databases for primary sources on the safety of 9 antimicrobials considered for plague during pregnancy (amikacin, gentamicin, plazomicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, sulfadiazine, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SMX]) and abstracted data on maternal, pregnancy, and fetal/neonatal outcomes. RESULTS Of 13 052 articles identified, 66 studies (case-control, case series, cohort, and randomized studies) and 96 case reports were included, totaling 27 751 prenatal exposures to amikacin (n = 9), gentamicin (n = 345), plazomicin (n = 0), streptomycin (n = 285), tobramycin (n = 43), chloramphenicol (n = 246), doxycycline (n = 2351), sulfadiazine (n = 870), and TMP-SMX (n = 23 602). Hearing or vestibular deficits were reported in 18/121 (15%) children and 17/109 (16%) pregnant women following prenatal streptomycin exposure. First trimester chloramphenicol exposure was associated with an elevated risk of an undescended testis (odds ratio [OR] 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-28.7). Doxycycline was associated with cardiovascular malformations (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.7) in 1 study and spontaneous abortion (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9-4.1) in a separate study. First trimester exposure to TMP-SMX was associated with increased risk of neural tube defects (pooled OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.3), spontaneous abortion (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.3-5.6), preterm birth (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1), and small for gestational age (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2). No other statistically significant associations were reported. CONCLUSIONS For most antimicrobials reviewed, adverse maternal/fetal/neonatal outcomes were not observed consistently. Prenatal exposure to streptomycin and TMP-SMX was associated with select birth defects in some studies. Based on limited data, chloramphenicol and doxycycline may be associated with adverse pregnancy or neonatal outcomes; however, more data are needed to confirm these associations. Antimicrobials should be used for treatment and PEP of plague during pregnancy; the choice of antimicrobials may be influenced by these data as well as information about the risks of plague during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Yu
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emmy L Tran
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Eagle Global Scientific, LLC, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Corinne M Parker
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Chenega Professional and Technical Services, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hye-Joo Kim
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Chenega Professional and Technical Services, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eileen L Yee
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Chenega Professional and Technical Services, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Zachary Russell
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education CDC Fellowship Program, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christina A Nelson
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, NCEZID, CDC, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Cheryl S Broussard
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yon C Yu
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dana Meaney-Delman
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zavattieri L, Ferrero MC, Alonso Paiva IM, Sotelo AD, Canellada AM, Baldi PC. Brucella abortus Proliferates in Decidualized and Non-Decidualized Human Endometrial Cells Inducing a Proinflammatory Response. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050369. [PMID: 32408491 PMCID: PMC7281465 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. have been associated with abortion in humans and animals. Although the mechanisms involved are not well established, it is known that placental Brucella infection is accompanied by inflammatory phenomena. The ability of Brucella abortus to infect and survive in human endometrial stromal cells (T-HESC cell line) and the cytokine response elicited were evaluated. B. abortus was able to infect and proliferate in both non-decidualized and decidualized T-HESC cells. Intracellular proliferation depended on the expression of a functional virB operon in the pathogen. B. abortus internalization was inhibited by cytochalasin D and to a lower extent by colchicine, but was not affected by monodansylcadaverine. The infection did not induce cytotoxicity and did not alter the decidualization status of cells. B. abortus infection elicited the secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1 in either decidualized or non-decidualized T-HESC, a response also induced by heat-killed B. abortus and outer membrane vesicles derived from this bacterium. The stimulation of T-HESC with conditioned media from Brucella-infected macrophages induced the production of IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was shown to depend on IL-1β and TNF-α. The proinflammatory responses of T-HESC to B. abortus and to factors produced by infected macrophages may contribute to the gestational complications of brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Zavattieri
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (L.Z.); (M.C.F.); (I.M.A.P.); (A.D.S.); (A.M.C.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires 1033, Argentina
| | - Mariana C. Ferrero
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (L.Z.); (M.C.F.); (I.M.A.P.); (A.D.S.); (A.M.C.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires 1033, Argentina
| | - Iván M. Alonso Paiva
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (L.Z.); (M.C.F.); (I.M.A.P.); (A.D.S.); (A.M.C.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires 1033, Argentina
| | - Agustina D. Sotelo
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (L.Z.); (M.C.F.); (I.M.A.P.); (A.D.S.); (A.M.C.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires 1033, Argentina
| | - Andrea M. Canellada
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (L.Z.); (M.C.F.); (I.M.A.P.); (A.D.S.); (A.M.C.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires 1033, Argentina
| | - Pablo C. Baldi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (L.Z.); (M.C.F.); (I.M.A.P.); (A.D.S.); (A.M.C.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires 1033, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-5287-4419
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu Z, Wei D, Li Y, Zhou H, Huang D, Guan P. Different Clinical Manifestations of Human Brucellosis in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Scoping Review of 521 Cases from 10 Countries. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1067-1079. [PMID: 32341659 PMCID: PMC7166055 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s248779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This systematic scoping review aims to assess the frequency and severity of clinical manifestations of pregnant women with brucellosis. Methods Three literature databases, PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and two search engines (Google and Yahoo) were adopted to identify the relevant articles that published until 31 December 2019. Two investigators independently screened the publications and extracted the data; the case reports and case series which described at least two symptoms or clinical manifestations of pregnant women with brucellosis were included. Results A total of 27 articles describing the information of 521 pregnant women with brucellosis were included. Serum agglutination test was the most common laboratory test in the diagnosis of brucellosis. A total of 36 clinical manifestations were extracted from the included articles, and the most common clinical manifestations were fever (400, 76.8%), joint pain/swelling/arthralgia (389, 74.7%), sweats (382, 73.3%), fatigue/asthenia/weakness (262, 50.3%) and back pain (189, 36.3%). Among the 32 included individual cases that with available obstetric outcome information, 10 (31.3%) suffered preterm delivery, 12 (37.5%) had an abortion and 3 (9.8%) had intrauterine fetal death. Conclusion Brucellosis is popular and threatening for pregnant women. Regarding the localized body system complications, osteoarticular system was mostly involved, the obstetrics outcomes were severe among pregnant women with brucellosis. The detailed clinical and epidemiological characteristics in this scoping review may add a better and more complete understanding of the disease for both physicians and policy-makers, and provide evidence for timely diagnosis, adequate therapy and better prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Impression Evidence Examination Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Adetunji SA, Ramirez G, Ficht AR, Perez L, Foster MJ, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Building the Evidence Base for the Prevention of Raw Milk-Acquired Brucellosis: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2020; 8:76. [PMID: 32232023 PMCID: PMC7082743 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The scientific evidence of the health risks associated with the consumption of raw milk has been known for a long time. However, less clear is the impact of acquiring infectious diseases from raw milk consumption in the United States (US) due to incomplete reporting of cases and the complex factors associated with the sale and consumption of raw milk. Investigations of this current study focused on human brucellosis, one of the infectious diseases commonly acquired through the consumption of raw milk and milk products, and which continues to be a public health threat worldwide. Methodology: A qualitative systematic review of the sources of opinions that contribute to the increased trend of raw milk sales and consumption in the US was conducted. Results: Interestingly, opinions about the sale of raw milk and/or the benefits arising from its consumption varied by US region, with the proportion of messages supporting raw milk consumption being highest in the Northeast compared to other US regions. Several evidence gaps and factors that possibly contribute to the increased prevalence of raw milk-acquired brucellosis were identified including inadequate monitoring of the raw milk sales process and lack of approved diagnostic methods for validating the safety of raw milk for human consumption. Conclusions: The unavailability of data specifying brucellosis cases acquired from raw milk consumption have precluded the direct association between raw milk and increased brucellosis prevalence in the United States. Nevertheless, the evidence gaps identified in this study demonstrate the need for intensified surveillance of raw-milk acquired infectious diseases including human brucellosis; establishment of safety and quality control measures for the process of selling raw milk; and design of an effective strategy for the prevention of raw milk-acquired infectious diseases including brucellosis. Overall, for the first time, this study has not only shown the gaps in evidence that require future investigations, but also, variations in the perception of raw milk consumption that may impact disease acquisition in different US regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakirat A Adetunji
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gilbert Ramirez
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Allison R Ficht
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Ligia Perez
- Department of Student Life Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Margaret J Foster
- Medical Sciences Library, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fuhler GM. The immune system and microbiome in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2020; 44-45:101671. [PMID: 32359685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2020.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal changes during pregnancy instigate numerous physiological changes aimed at the growth and delivery of a healthy baby. A careful balance between immunological tolerance against fetal antigens and immunity against infectious agents needs to be maintained. A three-way interaction between pregnancy hormones, the immune system and our microbiota is now emerging. Recent evidence suggests that microbial alterations seen during pregnancy may help maintain homeostasis and aid the required physiological changes occurring in pregnancy. However, these same immunological and microbial alterations may also make women more vulnerable during pregnancy and the post-partum period, especially regarding immunological and infectious diseases. Thus, a further understanding of the host-microbial interactions taking place during pregnancy may improve identification of populations at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Fuhler
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Objectives: To provide a comprehensive summary of brucellosis incidence, prevalence, risk associated factors, and impact on the Saudi population. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed database. The articles included in the review were written in English and investigated the epidemiology, etiology, distribution, impact, or burden of brucellosis in the Saudi population. Articles to be included were finalized after a mutual consensus of 2 researchers. Results: Seventeen (n=17) studies were included which were conducted in diverse geographical areas of Saudi Arabia. Of them, 3 studies reported the prevalence of brucellosis among pregnant women and pregnancy outcomes; 3 studies focused on risk associated factors and symptoms and signs of brucellosis among children; 2 studies highlighted the prevalence of brucellosis among workers; 9 studies reported the prevalence/incidence and risk associated factors of brucellosis. Brucellosis incidence and prevalence vary widely among regions. Contact with infected animals and consumption of raw milk and milk products were identified as the main risk associated factors of brucellosis. Abortion and intrauterine fetal deaths rates were significantly higher among pregnant women with brucellosis compared with pregnant women without brucellosis. Conclusion: Brucellosis poses a considerable impact on human and has a higher prevalence in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Our results revealed that brucellosis is a risk factor for adverse reproductive outcomes. PROSPERO No: CRD4201912430
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malak Al Anazi
- Quality Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zriba S, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Khalaf OH, Wheeler L, Chaki SP, Rice-Ficht A, Ficht TA, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Vaccine safety studies of Brucella abortus S19 and S19Δ vjbR in pregnant swine. Vaccine X 2019; 3:100041. [PMID: 31528851 PMCID: PMC6737346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis in swine is caused by Brucella suis, a bacterial infection of nearly worldwide distribution. Brucella suis is also transmissible to humans, dogs and cattle and is considered a reemerging disease of public health concern. To date, there is no effective vaccine for swine. This prompted us to investigate the potential use of the commercially available vaccine for cattle or the live attenuated vaccine candidate S19ΔvjbR. As the first step, we sought to study the safety of the vaccine candidates when administered in pregnant sows, since one of the major drawbacks associated with vaccination using Live Attenuated Vaccines (LAV) is the induction of abortions when administered in pregnant animals. Fifteen pregnant gilts at mid-gestation were divided into four groups and subsequently vaccinated subcutaneously using different formulations containing 2.0 ± 0.508 × 109 CFU of either S19 or S19ΔvjbR. Vaccination in pregnant animals with the vaccine candidates did not induce abortion, stillbirths or a reduction in litter size. Multiple tissues in the gilts and piglets were examined at the time of delivery to assess bacterial colonization and histopathological changes. There was no evidence of vaccine persistence in the gilts or bacterial colonization in the fetuses. Altogether, these data suggest that both vaccine candidates are safe for use in pregnant swine. Analysis of the humoral responses, specifically anti-Brucella IgG levels measured in serum, demonstrated a robust response induced by either vaccine, but of shorter duration (4-6 weeks post-inoculation) compared to that observed in cattle or experimentally infected mice. Such a transient humoral response may prove to be beneficial in cases where the vaccine is used in eradication campaigns and in the differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals. This study provides evidence to support future efficacy studies of both vaccine candidates in swine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slim Zriba
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel G. Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Omar H. Khalaf
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Lance Wheeler
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sankar P. Chaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Allison Rice-Ficht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Thomas A. Ficht
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Angela M. Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical, Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Current therapeutic strategy in osteoarticular brucellosis. North Clin Istanb 2019; 6:415-420. [PMID: 31909392 PMCID: PMC6936947 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2019.05658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease with high morbidity. In the majority of human cases, the causative agent is B. melitensis. Infection is transmitted to humans by direct/indirect contact with the contaminated animal products (e.g., consumption of unpasteurized milk), infectious aerosols and aborted fetus. Brucellosis often affects middle-aged adults and young people. Patients with brucellosis tend to have non-specific symptoms, including fever, chills, night sweats, joint pain and myalgia. Brucellosis affects various organs and tissues. The osteoarticular system is one of the most commonly described affected systems in humans. In several clinical studies, the prevalence of Osteoarticular Brucellosis (OB) is reported as 2-77%. Most important osteoarticular clinical forms osteomyelitis, spondylitis, sacroiliitis, arthritis and bursitis. Spondylitis and spondylodiscitis are the most frequent complications. Spondylodiscitis often affects the lumbar (especially at the L4- L5 levels) and low thoracic vertebrae than the cervical spine. Back pain and sciatica radiculopathy are the most common complaints about patients. Sacroiliitis is associated with severe pain, especially back pain in affected individuals. Spinal destructive brucellar lesions are also reported in adults in previous studies. Brucellosis is diagnosed with clinical inflammatory signs (eg. tenderness, pain) of the affected joints together with positive serological tests and positive blood/synovial fluids cultures. Serological test measures the total amount of IgM/IgG antibodies. Standard agglutination test (SAT) titer ≥1:160 is in favor of brucellosis diagnosis. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are other types of diagnostic tests. Radiological assessments, such as joint sonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, are the most helpful radiological methods to diagnose spinal brucellosis. The agents commonly used in the treatment of brucella spondylitis are doxycycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin. The recommended regimens for treatment of brucella involve two or three antibiotics combinations. No standard treatment, physicians prescribe drugs based on conditions of the disease. Patients need a long-term (usually at three months) antibiotic therapy for mainly aiming to prevent relapses. Surgery may be required for patients with spinal abscess. This review focused on physicians’ awareness for osteoarticular involvement, clinical presentation, diagnosis and current treatment of OB.
Collapse
|
32
|
Inan A, Erdem H, Elaldi N, Gulsun S, Karahocagil MK, Pekok AU, Ulug M, Tekin R, Bosilkovski M, Kaya S, Haykir-Solay A, Demirdal T, Kaya S, Sunnetcioglu M, Sener A, Tosun S, Aydin E, Ural S, Yamazhan T, Muhcu M, Ayaslioglu E, Bilgic-Atli S, Erbay A, Ergen P, Kadanali A, Sahin S, Sahin-Horasan E, Avci A, Cag Y, Beeching NJ. Brucellosis in pregnancy: results of multicenter ID-IRI study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1261-1268. [PMID: 30989418 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis in pregnant women is reported to be associated with obstetric complications (OCs), and adequate data for human brucellosis during pregnancy are largely lacking. We performed this multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical course, treatment responses, and outcomes of brucellosis among pregnant women. The study period comprised a 14-year period from January 2002 to December 2015. All consecutive pregnant women diagnosed with brucellosis in 23 participating hospitals were included. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and outcome data along with the assessment data of the neonate were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Data of 242 patients were analyzed. The OC rate was 14.0% (34/242) in the cohort. Of the 242 women, 219 (90.5%) delivered at term, 3 (1.2%) had preterm delivery, 15 (6.2%) aborted, and 5 (2.1%) had intrauterine fetal demise. Seventeen (7.0%) of the newborns were considered as low birth weight. Spontaneous abortion (6.1%) was the commonest complication. There were no maternal or neonatal deaths and pertinent sequelae or complications were not detected in the newborns. Splenomegaly (p = 0.019), nausea and/or vomiting (p < 0.001), vaginal bleeding (p < 0.001), anemia (blood hemoglobin < 11 g/dL; p < 0.001), high level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (> 41 IU/L; p = 0.025), oligohydramnios on ultrasonography (p = 0.0002), history of taking medication other than Brucella treatment during pregnancy (p = 0.027), and Brucella bacteremia (p = 0.029) were the significant factors associated with OCs. We recommend that pregnant women with OC or with fever should be investigated for brucellosis if they live in or have traveled to an endemic area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Inan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Erdem
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nazif Elaldi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Serda Gulsun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Diyarbakir Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa K Karahocagil
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yuzuncuyil University School of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Abdullah U Pekok
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Pendik Medical Park Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ulug
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Private Umut Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Recep Tekin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mile Bosilkovski
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Skopje Medical Faculty, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Safak Kaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Diyarbakir Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Asli Haykir-Solay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuna Demirdal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Katip Celebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sunnetcioglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yuzuncuyil University School of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Alper Sener
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Selma Tosun
- Department of Infectious diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emsal Aydin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kafkas University School of Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Serap Ural
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Katip Celebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tansu Yamazhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Muhcu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ergin Ayaslioglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Seval Bilgic-Atli
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Diyarbakir Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Erbay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bozok University School of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ergen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayten Kadanali
- Department of Radiology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suzan Sahin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Sahin-Horasan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ali Avci
- Department of Urology, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yakup Cag
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Turkish Health Sciences University, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Background and Objective: Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease and a major public health problem in the Middle East countries including Saudi Arabia. This study has evaluated the seroprevalence of human brucellosis in Wadi Al Dawaser region of Central Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study was conducted for three years (2015-2018) at Wadi Al Dawaser general hospital. A total of 6721 clinically suspected serum samples were collected over three years and tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT), IgM and IgG ELISA. A standard questionnaire to determine the risk factors were used among patients. Results: Of the total 6721 samples tested, 576 (8.6%) were seropositive for brucellosis. RBPT identified 427 (74.1%), SAT titers 493 (85.6%) cases. IgM ELISA and IgG ELISA were positive for 501 (86.9%) and 558 (96.8%) cases respectively. Among the positive cases, 77.3% were male with the male to female ratio of 3.3:1. Nearly, 82% were Saudi Nationals. Direct contact with domestic animals and consumption of raw milk were the risk factors identified. No seasonal variation was seen. Diagnostic yield of IgM ELISA showed 86.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity; IgG ELISA showed 96.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Both IgG and IgM ELISAs showed 100% Positive predictive value, 98.9% and 95.6% Negative predictive value respectively. Conclusion: A seroprevalence of 8.6% of human brucellosis was documented from this rural region. This is the first report from Wadi Al Dawaser. Frequent surveillance among risk group, vaccination of livestock, creating awareness and health education among the public and school children are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamudha Parveen Rahamathulla
- Dr. Mohamudha Parveen Rahamathulla, PhD. Department of Medical Lab Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al Dawaser-11991, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Knowledge and perception of pastoral community members about brucellosis as a cause of abortion in animals and its zoonotic importance in Amibara district, Afar Region, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206457. [PMID: 30395605 PMCID: PMC6218040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sero-epidemiological studies of brucellosis in the Afar Region showed that the disease is prevalent in livestock. However, there is little information regarding the pastoral community members’ awareness about brucellosis as a cause of abortion in animals and its zoonotic importance. In this study, we assessed knowledge and perception of pastoral community members about brucellosis as a cause of abortion in animals and its zoonotic importance in Amibara district, Afar Region, Ethiopia. Between October and December 2016, a total of 475 study participants (age range 18–80 years, mean age 35.9 years) were interviewed about abortion in their animals, its causes, and diseases that can be transmitted to humans through consumption of raw milk. Almost all (97.7%) of the study participants reported that abortion in animals, especially in goats, is a major problem in the area, and they mentioned that disease (44.6%), drought (58.4%) and fly bites (29.5%) as the main causes of abortion. The study participantsalso thought that malaria (42.9%) and bovine tuberculosis (19.3%) can be transmitted to humans through consuming raw milk. Five respondents (4.2%) mentioned brucellosis (locally known as “hahayita”) as a disease that can be transmitted through frequent consumption of raw milk. The majority (91.9%) mentioned malaria as a cause of febrile illness in humans and 16 (4.4%) participants mentioned brucellosis as a cause of febrile illness. Some participants also mentioned brucellosis as a cause of joint swelling (hygroma) in cattle. In conclusion, the pastoral community members in the present study area lack clear understanding about brucellosis as one of the diseases that cause abortion in their animals and its zoonotic importance. There is a need to create awareness about the zoonotic and animal health importance of brucellosis through various means such as community health extension/veterinary workers and community leaders.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hensel ME, Arenas-Gamboa AM. A Neglected Animal Model for a Neglected Disease: Guinea Pigs and the Search for an Improved Animal Model for Human Brucellosis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2593. [PMID: 30429834 PMCID: PMC6220108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by species of the Brucella genus and affects a wide variety of domestic and wildlife species and is also an important zoonosis. The global burden of disease is difficult to assess but Brucella spp. have a worldwide distribution and are endemic in the Middle East, Africa, South America, and Asia. The clinical signs of fever and malaise are non-specific, and the available serological diagnostic tests lack a high degree specificity in endemic regions compared to other important public health diseases such as malaria. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of brucellosis through discoveries in animal models could lead to improved diagnostics and potentially a vaccine for human use. Mouse models have played an important role in elucidating the pathogenesis but do not replicate key features of the disease such as fever. Guinea pigs were instrumental in exploring the pathogenesis of brucellosis in the early nineteenth century and could offer an improvement on the mouse model as a model for human brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Hensel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Consequences of brucellosis infection during pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 73:18-26. [PMID: 29885371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to establish the incidence of adverse outcomes with brucellosis infection during pregnancy. METHODS Ovid Medline (1946-), Ovid Embase (1974-), and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) (1900-), the World Health Organization website and Google were searched September 27, 2017 for (i) outcomes with brucellosis diagnosed during pregnancy and (ii) studies with retrospective diagnosis of maternal brucellosis following adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Sixty studies met inclusion criteria. In 65 pregnancies from 28 case reports and 9 small case series (<10 women), there were 20 spontaneous abortions (SAs) (31%), 2 intra-uterine fetal deaths (IUFDs) (3%) and 11 cases of congenital brucellosis (17%). In 14 larger case series there were 181 SAs in 679 pregnancies (27%), 19 IUFDs in 458 pregnancies (4%), and 44 preterm infants (12%) plus 6 infants with congenital brucellosis (2%) in 362 pregnancies. SA, IUFD and preterm delivery incidence were increased with meta-analysis of the 5 case series with controls. Nine studies described brucellosis seroprevalence with adverse pregnancy outcomes with no increased seroprevalence in the two studies with controls. CONCLUSIONS Brucellosis almost certainly causes SA with increasing evidence that it also leads to IUFD and prematurity. Congenital brucellosis occurs in approximately 2% of infants exposed in-utero.
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang HX, Feng JJ, Zhang QX, Hao RE, Yao SX, Zhao R, Piao DR, Cui BY, Jiang H. A case report of spontaneous abortion caused by Brucella melitensis biovar 3. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:31. [PMID: 29716658 PMCID: PMC5930816 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. Brucella invades the body through the skin mucosa, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. However, only a few studies on human spontaneous abortion attributable to Brucella have been reported. In this work, the patient living in Shanxi Province in China who had suffered a spontaneous abortion was underwent pathogen detection and Brucella melitensis biovar 3 was identified. CASE PRESENTATION The patient in this study was 22 years old. On July 16, 2015, she was admitted to Shanxi Grand Hospital, Shanxi Province, China because of one day of vaginal bleeding and three days of abdominal distension accompanied by fever after five months of amenorrhea. A serum tube agglutination test for brucellosis and blood culture were positive. At the time of discharge, she was prescribed oral doxycycline (100 mg/dose, twice a day) and rifampicin (600 mg/dose, once daily) for 6 weeks as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). No recurrence was observed during the six months of follow-up after the cessation of antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported case of miscarriage resulting from Brucella melitensis biovar 3 isolated from a pregnant woman who was infected through unpasteurized milk in China. Brucellosis infection was overlooked in the Maternity Hospital because of physician unawareness. Early recognition and prompt treatment of brucellosis infection are crucial for a successful outcome in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Yang
- Disease Inspection Laboratory, Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jun Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Zhang
- Disease Inspection Laboratory, Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui-E Hao
- Disease Inspection Laboratory, Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Su-Xia Yao
- Disease Inspection Laboratory, Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Disease Inspection Laboratory, Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dong-Ri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bu-Yun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abdelbaset AE, Abushahba MFN, Hamed MI, Rawy MS. Sero-diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep and humans in Assiut and El-Minya governorates, Egypt. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:S63-S67. [PMID: 30761323 PMCID: PMC6161859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Egypt is an endemic area with brucellosis, so wherever herd problem associated abortion is present, brucellosis should be suspected, and its sero-diagnosis is needed. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and their contact humans in Assiut and El-Minya Governorates where a history of abortion in sheep was the chief complaint of the farmers; besides; the appearance of signs of undulant fever among some contact humans. Also, to identify the risk factors for brucellosis seropositivity at human and animal level. Serum samples were collected from 189 sheep and 53 in contact humans in Assiut and El-Minya Governorates, Egypt, during 2017. Antibodies against brucellosis were measured in the serum samples using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and were further confirmed using Serum Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis using RBPT was 15.87% in sheep and that in humans was 9.44% (5 of 53), respectively. STAT confirmed that 40% of the RBPT-positive reactor sheep were infected by Brucella abortus, 16.67% were containing Brucella melitensis and 20% were experiencing a mixed infection of both Br. abortus and Br. melitensis. Additionally, 80% of the RBPT-positive reactor humans were infected with Br. abortus only and 20% were having both species of Brucella. Among different analyzed variables in this study, the age and farming system of the examined sheep were statistically significant. There was no significant effect in relation to gender, abortion history and pregnancy status of the examined animals, however, higher exposure rates were found among males, abortive animals, and recently calved animals. Gender of the tested humans and presence of seropositive sheep in contact differed significantly in acquiring the infection. Nevertheless, other factors, including age, education, and profession were statistically insignificant on getting human brucellosis. These results indicate the high seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and sheep in the study areas and generally in Egypt, and therefore, control programs should be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbaset E Abdelbaset
- Animal Medicine Department (Clinical and Laboratory diagnosis), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
| | - Mostafa F N Abushahba
- Animal Hygiene & Zoonoses Department (Zoonoses), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
| | - Maha I Hamed
- Animal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Rawy
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El Minya, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ghanem-Zoubi N, Eljay SP, Anis E, Paul M. Association between human brucellosis and adverse pregnancy outcome: a cross-sectional population-based study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:883-888. [PMID: 29344838 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the association between the incidence of human brucellosis (HB) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), a population-based, cross-sectional aggregate data study was conducted in Israel between 2010 and 2014. HB-endemic localities were matched by ethnicity, population size and socioeconomic status to localities with a low incidence of HB. We compared APO rates in high-incidence vs low-incidence localities. The primary outcome was intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD). Secondary outcomes were premature birth (less than 37 weeks), early or threatened labour and poor fetal growth. APOs are expressed as events per 1,000 live or dead births. Eleven high-incidence localities, all Arab villages or cities, were matched to 11 low-incidence localities. Localities were well-matched with regard to the matching criteria, fertility indices, health insurance access and education, but were imbalanced geographically. All defined APOs occurred significantly more frequently in the high-incidence localities. The associations translated to an absolute increase of 3.6 cases of IUFD (95% CI 1.6-5.3), 11.7 preterm births (4.8-18.3), 6.6 cases of early or threatened labour (2.2-10.9) and 7 cases of poor fetal growth (3-10.8), per 10,000 live or dead births. Owing to a geographic imbalance between high- and low-incidence localities, we conducted an analysis restricted to Southern localities of Arab Bedouins showing a significant association between yearly HB incidence and IUFD incidence, odds ratio 1.05 (1.03-1.06). HB incidence is epidemiologically linked to serious pregnancy complications. Early detection of infection through active surveillance during pregnancy followed by appropriate treatment should be evaluated as additional public heath strategy in endemic settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Ghanem-Zoubi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, 3109601, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Emilia Anis
- Division of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, 9101002, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mical Paul
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia-like bacteria: new enemies of human pregnancies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018; 30:289-296. [PMID: 28306562 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an update on the roles of Chlamydia trachomatis and the related Waddlia chondrophila and Parachlamydia acanthamoebae in miscarriage, stillbirths and preterm labour in humans. A broad audience, including microbiologist, infectiologists, obstetricians and gynaecologists, should be aware of the potential threat of these Chlamydiales for human reproduction. RECENT FINDINGS Despite increasing laboratory techniques and possibilities to perform diagnostic tests, the cause of miscarriage is only identified in 50% of the cases. Intracellular bacteria, such as C. trachomatis and Chlamydia-related bacteria, are difficult to detect in routine clinical samples and could represent possible agents of miscarriages. C. trachomatis is considered the world largest sexual transmitted bacterial agent and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome in human. In the last decade Chlamydia-like organisms, such as W. chondrophila and P. acanthamoebae, have also been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in human and/or animals. SUMMARY We review here the current evidences for a pathogenic role in humans, the diagnostic approaches and possible treatment options of C. trachomatis, W. chondrophila and P. acanthamoebae.
Collapse
|
41
|
Nematollahi S, Ayubi E, Karami M, Khazaei S, Shojaeian M, Zamani R, Mansori K, Gholamaliee B. Epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Hamadan Province during 2009–2015: results from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 61:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
42
|
Cao B, Parnell LA, Diamond MS, Mysorekar IU. Inhibition of autophagy limits vertical transmission of Zika virus in pregnant mice. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2303-2313. [PMID: 28694387 PMCID: PMC5551583 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cao et al. report a new mechanism by which Zika virus maternal-fetal transmission may occur and be limited as autophagy inhibition protects mice from vertical viral transmission. This study suggests that an autophagy-based therapeutic intervention against ZIKV may be warranted. Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy leads to devastating fetal outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction and microcephaly. Greater understanding of mechanisms underlying ZIKV maternal-fetal transmission is needed to develop new therapeutic interventions. Here, we define an important role for the autophagy pathway in ZIKV vertical transmission. ZIKV infection induced autophagic activity in human trophoblasts and pharmacological inhibition limited ZIKV infectivity. Furthermore, deficiency in an essential autophagy gene, Atg16l1, in mice limited ZIKV vertical transmission and placental and fetal damage and overall improved placental and fetal outcomes. This protection was due to a placental trophoblast cell-autonomous effect of autophagic activity, not to alterations in systemic maternal ZIKV infection. Finally, an autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine, approved for use in pregnant women, attenuated placental and fetal ZIKV infection and ameliorated adverse placental and fetal outcomes. Our study reveals new insights into the mechanism of ZIKV vertical transmission and suggests that an autophagy-based therapeutic warrants possible evaluation in humans to diminish the risks of ZIKV maternal-fetal transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lindsay A Parnell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe food-borne infection. Pregnant women are at risk of contracting listeriosis, which can potentially lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, and congenital neonatal infections. While other systemic bacterial infections may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes at comparable frequencies, L. monocytogenes has particular notoriety because fetal complications largely occur in the absence of overt illness in the mother, delaying medical intervention. Here, we briefly review the pathophysiology and mechanisms of maternofetal listeriosis, discussed in light of a recent mBio report on Listeria transplacental infection in a nonhuman primate model.
Collapse
|
44
|
Barbier T, Machelart A, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Plovier H, Hougardy C, Lobet E, Willemart K, Muraille E, De Bolle X, Van Schaftingen E, Moriyón I, Letesson JJ. Erythritol Availability in Bovine, Murine and Human Models Highlights a Potential Role for the Host Aldose Reductase during Brucella Infection. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1088. [PMID: 28659902 PMCID: PMC5468441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythritol is the preferential carbon source for most brucellae, a group of facultative intracellular bacteria that cause a worldwide zoonosis. Since this polyol is abundant in genital organs of ruminants and swine, it is widely accepted that erythritol accounts at least in part for the characteristic genital tropism of brucellae. Nevertheless, proof of erythritol availability and essentiality during Brucella intracellular multiplication has remained elusive. To investigate this relationship, we compared ΔeryH (erythritol-sensitive and thus predicted to be attenuated if erythritol is present), ΔeryA (erythritol-tolerant but showing reduced growth if erythritol is a crucial nutrient) and wild type B. abortus in various infection models. This reporting system indicated that erythritol was available but not required for B. abortus multiplication in bovine trophoblasts. However, mice and humans have been considered to lack erythritol, and we found that it was available but not required for B. abortus multiplication in human and murine trophoblastic and macrophage-like cells, and in mouse spleen and conceptus (fetus, placenta and envelopes). Using this animal model, we found that B. abortus infected cells and tissues contained aldose reductase, an enzyme that can account for the production of erythritol from pentose cycle precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Barbier
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of NamurNamur, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of NamurNamur, Belgium
| | - Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Hubert Plovier
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of NamurNamur, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Hougardy
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of NamurNamur, Belgium
| | - Elodie Lobet
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of NamurNamur, Belgium
| | - Kevin Willemart
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of NamurNamur, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Bolle
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of NamurNamur, Belgium
| | | | - Ignacio Moriyón
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Jean-Jacques Letesson
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of NamurNamur, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lagier JC, Diagne N, Fenollar F, Tamalet C, Sokhna C, Raoult D. Vaginal self-sampling as a diagnosis tool in low-income countries and potential applications for exploring the infectious causes of miscarriage. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:609-620. [PMID: 28604063 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological health is a challenge in low-income countries. Personal opposition to perineal examination has been overcome by the use of vaginal self-sampling. Here, we review the use of this procedure notably in low-income countries and the main infectious causes of miscarriage. Vaginal self-sampling was mainly used for human papillomavirus detection but also to detect microorganisms causing sexually transmitted infections or bacterial vaginosis. 58 studies have been performed in low-resource countries, mainly studies performed to detect human papillomavirus in urban and peri-urban areas and demonstrating excellent acceptability. Several infectious causes of miscarriage could be tested using self-vaginal samples. In the future, such strategies coupled with a rapid-identification point-of-care method could allow the development of screening and treatment programs in rural areas in low-resource countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Lagier
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Campus International UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nafissatou Diagne
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Campus International UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Aix-Marseille Université URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Catherine Tamalet
- Aix-Marseille Université URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Campus International UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cao B, Macones C, Mysorekar IU. ATG16L1 governs placental infection risk and preterm birth in mice and women. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86654. [PMID: 28018968 PMCID: PMC5161251 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a barrier against maternal-fetal transmission of pathogens. Placental infections can cause several adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB). Yet, we have limited knowledge regarding the mechanisms the placenta uses to control infections. Here, we show that autophagy, a cellular recycling pathway important for host defense against pathogens, and the autophagy gene Atg16L1 play a key role in placental defense and are negatively associated with PTB in pregnant women. First, we demonstrate that placentas from women who delivered preterm exhibit reduced autophagy activity and are associated with higher infection indicators. Second, we identify the cellular location of the autophagy activity as being in syncytial trophoblasts. Third, we demonstrate that higher levels of autophagy and ATG16L1 in human trophoblasts were associated with increased resistance to infection. Accordingly, loss of autophagy or ATG16L1 impaired trophoblast antibacterial defenses. Fourth, we show that Atg16l1-deficient mice gave birth prematurely upon an inflammatory stimulus and their placentas were significantly less able to withstand infection. Finally, global induction of autophagy in both mouse placentas and human trophoblasts increased infection resistance. Our study has significant implications for understanding the etiology of placental infections and prematurity and developing strategies to mitigate placental infection-induced PTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | | | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Arenas-Gamboa AM, Rossetti CA, Chaki SP, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Adams LG, Ficht TA. Human Brucellosis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2016; 3:164-172. [PMID: 29226068 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-016-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Brucellosis is a neglected, zoonotic disease of nearly worldwide distribution. Despite brucellosis being recognized as a reproductive disease in animals, it has been historically known as a flu-like illness in humans with little or no significant role in maternal or newborn health. This review focuses on what is currently known relative to the epidemiology of brucellosis in human pregnancy as well as new insights of placental immunology. Recent Findings New evidence suggests that maternal infection poses a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes including increased risk for miscarriage during the first and second trimester of gestation, preterm delivery, and vertical transmission to the fetus. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were not associated with any specific clinical sign. However, prompt diagnosis and treatment significantly decreased the risk of miscarriage or any other adverse effect. Summary Brucellosis during pregnancy should be considered a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans. The identification of the mechanism behind bacterial tropism should prove powerful for the development of new countermeasures to prevent these detrimental effects. Increased awareness concerning brucellosis in pregnant women, its transmission, and prevention measures should be considered as a pressing need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Carlos A Rossetti
- Instituto de Patobiología, CICVyA-CNIA, INTA, Nicolas Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sankar P Chaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Daniel G Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Leslie G Adams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Thomas A Ficht
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Öncel S. Brusella Enfeksiyonları: Değerlendirme Ve Yönetim. KOCAELI ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2016. [DOI: 10.30934/kusbed.358664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
49
|
Bamaiyi PH. Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2016.29-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
50
|
Ali S, Akhter S, Neubauer H, Scherag A, Kesselmeier M, Melzer F, Khan I, El-Adawy H, Azam A, Qadeer S, Ali Q. Brucellosis in pregnant women from Pakistan: an observational study. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:468. [PMID: 27590009 PMCID: PMC5010707 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucella species occasionally cause spontaneous human abortion. Brucella can be transmitted commonly through the ingestion of raw milk or milk products. The objective of this study was to determine the sero-prevalence of and to identify potential risk factors for brucellosis in pregnant women from Rawalpindi, Pakistan. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Gynecology Outdoor Patient department of the Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from March to June 2013. Data related to potential risk factors and clinical history was collected by individual interviews on the blood sampling day. The 429 serum samples collected were initially screened by Rose Bengal Plate Agglutination test for the detection of Brucella antibodies. We applied standard descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Twenty five (5.8 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 3.8 % -8.5 %) serum samples were found to be seropositive. Brucellosis-related clinical symptoms were recorded in various seropositive cases. Animal contact, raw milk consumption, having an abortion history and the experience of an intrauterine fetal death were associated with seropositivity for brucellosis in univariate analyses (all p <0.05). In multiple logistic regression models only the contact with animals remained as independent and robust risk factor (odds ratio 5.21; 95 % CI: 1.88-13.75; p = 0.001) for seropositivity. CONCLUSION Brucellosis is a serious threat for pregnant women and their unborn children in Pakistan. Pregnant women having brucellosis-related symptoms or previous history of abortions, miscarriages, intrauterine fetal death and other brucellosis-related manifestations should be screened for brucellosis - especially those exposed to animals given the increased risk - and medication should be administered according to state of the art.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shamim Akhter
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - André Scherag
- Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Miriam Kesselmeier
- Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Asima Azam
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Qadeer
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|