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Gomes CN, Frazão MR, Seribelli AA, Barker DOR, Che EV, Nogueira MCL, Taboada EN, Falcão JP. Insights on the genomic diversity, virulence and resistance profile of a Campylobacter jejuni strain isolated from a hospitalized patient in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1381-1391. [PMID: 38546951 PMCID: PMC11153483 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is currently recognized as one of the major causes of foodborne bacterial diseases worldwide. In Brazil, there is insufficient data to estimate the impact of Campylobacter in public health. The aim of this present study was to characterize a C. jejuni CJ-HBSJRP strain isolated from a hospitalized patient in Brazil by its ability to invade human Caco-2 epithelial cells, to survive in U937 human macrophages, and to assess its phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profile. In addition, prophages, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were search using whole-genome sequencing data. The genetic relatedness was evaluated by MLST and cgMLST analysis by comparison with 29 other C. jejuni genomes isolated from several countries. The CJ-HBSJRP strain showed an invasion percentage of 50% in Caco-2 polarized cells, 37.5% of survivability in U937 cells and was phenotypically resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. A total of 94 virulence genes related to adherence, biofilm, chemotaxis, immune modulation, invasion process, metabolism, motility and toxin were detected. The resistance genes blaOXA-605 (blaOXA-61), cmeB and mutations in the QRDR region of gyrA were also found and none prophages were detected. The MLST analysis showed 23 different STs among the strains studied. Regarding cgMLST analysis, the CJ-HBSJRP strain was genetically distinct and did not group closely to any other isolate. The results obtained reinforce the pathogenic potential of the CJHBSJRP strain and highlighted the need for more careful attention to Campylobacter spp. infections in Brazil since this pathogen has been the most commonly reported zoonosis in several countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nogueira Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto- Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miliane Rodrigues Frazão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto- Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Aparecida Seribelli
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana E Imunidade Inata, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emily Victoria Che
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira
- Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas E Parasitárias- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto- Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Gubert C, Kong G, Costello C, Adams CD, Masson BA, Qin W, Choo J, Narayana VK, Rogers G, Renoir T, Furness JB, Hannan AJ. Dietary fibre confers therapeutic effects in a preclinical model of Huntington's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:404-418. [PMID: 38142919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving psychiatric, cognitive and motor deficits, as well as peripheral symptoms, including gastrointestinal dysfunction. The R6/1 HD mouse model expresses a mutant human huntingtin transgene and has been shown to provide an accurate disease model. Recent evidence of gut microbiome disruption was shown in preclinical and clinical HD. Therefore, we aimed to assess the potential role of gut microbial modulation in the treatment of HD. The R6/1 HD mice and wild-type littermate controls were randomised to receive diets containing different amounts of fibre: high-fibre (10 % fibre), control (5 % fibre), or zero-fibre (0 % fibre), from 6 to 20 weeks of age. We characterized the onset and progression of motor, cognitive and affective deficits, as well as gastrointestinal function and gut morphological changes. Faeces were collected for gut microbiome profiling using 16S rRNA sequencing, at 14 and 20 weeks of age. When compared to the control diet, high-fibre diet improved the performance of HD mice in behavioral tests of cognitive and affective function, as well as the gastrointestinal function of both HD and wild-type mice. While the diets changed the beta diversity of wild-type mice, no statistical significance was observed at 14 or 20 weeks of age within the HD mice. Analysis of Composition of Microbiomes with Bias Correction (ANCOM-BC) models were performed to evaluate microbiota composition, which identified differences, including a decreased relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteriota, Campylobacterota and Proteobacteria and an increased relative abundance of the families Bacteroidaceae, Oscillospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in HD mice when compared to wild-type mice after receiving high-fibre diet. PICRUSt2 revealed that high-fibre diet also decreased potentially pathogenic functional pathways in HD. In conclusion, high-fibre intake was effective in enhancing gastrointestinal function, cognition and affective behaviors in HD mice. These findings indicate that dietary fibre interventions may have therapeutic potential in Huntington's disease to delay clinical onset, and have implications for related disorders exhibiting dysfunction of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Geraldine Kong
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Callum Costello
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cameron D Adams
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bethany A Masson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Wendy Qin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Vinod K Narayana
- Metabolomics Australia Bio21 Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Geraint Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - John B Furness
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Huq M, Wahid SUH, Istivan T. Biofilm Formation in Campylobacter concisus: The Role of the luxS Gene. Microorganisms 2023; 12:46. [PMID: 38257873 PMCID: PMC10820981 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is a bacterium that inhabits human oral cavities and is an emerging intestinal tract pathogen known to be a biofilm producer and one of the bacterial species found in dental plaque. In this study, biofilms of oral and intestinal C. concisus isolates were phenotypically characterized. The role of the luxS gene, which is linked to the regulation of biofilm formation in other pathogens, was assessed in relation to the pathogenic potential of this bacterium. Biofilm formation capacity was assessed using phenotypic assays. Oral strains were shown to be the highest producers. A luxS mutant was created by inserting a kanamycin cassette within the luxS gene of the highest biofilm-forming isolate. The loss of the polar flagellum was observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Furthermore, the luxS mutant exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in biofilm formation, motility, and its expression of flaB, in addition to the capability to invade intestinal epithelial cells, compared to the parental strain. The study concluded that C. concisus oral isolates are significantly higher biofilm producers than the intestinal isolates and that LuxS plays a role in biofilm formation, invasion, and motility in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsina Huq
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Taghrid Istivan
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
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Dadgar N, Edlukudige Keshava V, Raj MS, Wagner PL. The Influence of the Microbiome on Immunotherapy for Gastroesophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4426. [PMID: 37760397 PMCID: PMC10526145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown promise as a treatment option for gastroesophageal cancer, but its effectiveness is limited in many patients due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) commonly found in gastrointestinal tumors. This paper explores the impact of the microbiome on the TME and immunotherapy outcomes in gastroesophageal cancer. The microbiome, comprising microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract, as well as within malignant tissue, plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses and tumor development. Dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity are associated with poor response rates and treatment resistance, while specific microbial profiles correlate with improved outcomes. Understanding the complex interactions between the microbiome, tumor biology, and immunotherapy is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Microbiome-based biomarkers may enable personalized treatment approaches and prediction of patient response. Interventions targeting the microbiome, such as microbiota-based therapeutics and dietary modifications, offer the potential for reshaping the gut microbiota and creating a favorable TME that enhances immunotherapy efficacy. Further research is needed to reveal the underlying mechanisms, and large-scale clinical trials will be required to validate the efficacy of microbiome-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Dadgar
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | | | - Moses S. Raj
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; (V.E.K.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Patrick L. Wagner
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; (V.E.K.); (M.S.R.)
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Kato I, Minkevitch J, Sun J. Oncogenic potential of Campylobacter infection in the gastrointestinal tract: narrative review. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1453-1465. [PMID: 37366241 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2228954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of zoonotic gastroenteritis. The other emerging group of Campylobacters spp. are part of human oral commensal, represented by C. concisus (CC), which has been recently linked to non-oral conditions. Although long-term gastrointestinal (GI) complications from these two groups of Campylobacters have been previously reviewed individually, overall impact of Campylobacter infection on GI carcinogenesis and their inflammatory precursor lesions has not been assessed collectively. AIMS To evaluate the available evidence concerning the association between Campylobacter infection/colonization and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), reflux esophagitis/metaplasia colorectal cancer (CRC) and esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search of PubMed for relevant original publications and systematic reviews/meta-analyses of epidemiological and clinical studies. In addition, we gathered additional information concerning microbiological data, animal models and mechanistic data from in vitro studies. RESULTS Both retrospective and prospective studies on IBD showed relatively consistent increased risk associated with Campylobacter infection. Despite lack of supporting prospective studies, retrospective studies based on tissue/fecal microbiome revealed consistent enrichment of Campylobacter in CRC samples. Studies on EC precursor lesions (esophagitis and metaplasia) were generally supportive for the association with Campylobacter, while inconsistent observations on EC. Studies on both IBD and EC precursors suggested the predominant role of CC, but studies on CRC were not informative of species. CONCLUSIONS There is sufficient evidence calling for concerted effort in unveiling direct and indirect connection of this organism to colorectal and esophageal cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Julia Minkevitch
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yde Aagaard ME, Frahm Kirk K, Linde Nielsen H, Steffensen R, Nielsen H. Campylobacter concisus from chronic inflammatory bowel diseases stimulates IL-8 production in HT-29 cells. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 36782333 PMCID: PMC9926846 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging pathogen Campylobacter concisus has been isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases; however, it is also present in the gut of healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to compare IL-8 production in HT-29 cells after infection with C. concisus from different gastrointestinal disease phenotypes. Additionally, to investigate whether differentiation of isolates in genomospecies (GS1 and GS2) or presence of the zot gene, encoding the Zot toxin, affects IL-8 production. A total of 37 C. concisus isolates from patients with microscopic colitis (n = 20), ulcerative colitis (n = 5), Crohn's disease (n = 5), diarrhoea (n = 2) and from healthy controls (n = 5) were used. Intestinal HT-29 cells were infected and incubated for 24 h. Supernatants were subsequently removed and analysed for IL-8 by MILLIPLEX. All isolates were able to stimulate IL-8 production and IL-8 levels were higher than in non-infected HT-29 cells. No difference was observed between disease phenotypes or GS1 and GS2, whereas presence of the zot gene showed a tendency towards higher IL-8 production. Further investigations in other inflammatory and physiological models are needed to conclude whether C. concisus strains from different gastrointestinal disease phenotypes differ in pathogenic potential and play a part in gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Emilie Yde Aagaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Karina Frahm Kirk
- grid.27530.330000 0004 0646 7349Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark ,grid.27530.330000 0004 0646 7349Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 10, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- grid.27530.330000 0004 0646 7349Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Urbansgade 32, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- grid.27530.330000 0004 0646 7349Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Piazzesi A, Putignani L. Extremely small and incredibly close: Gut microbes as modulators of inflammation and targets for therapeutic intervention. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958346. [PMID: 36071979 PMCID: PMC9441770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark for a variety of disorders and is at least partially responsible for disease progression and poor patient health. In recent years, the microbiota inhabiting the human gut has been associated with not only intestinal inflammatory diseases but also those that affect the brain, liver, lungs, and joints. Despite a strong correlation between specific microbial signatures and inflammation, whether or not these microbes are disease markers or disease drivers is still a matter of debate. In this review, we discuss what is known about the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can modulate inflammation, both in the intestine and beyond. We identify the current gaps in our knowledge of biological mechanisms, discuss how these gaps have likely contributed to the uncertain outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic clinical trials, and suggest how both mechanistic insight and -omics-based approaches can better inform study design and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Piazzesi
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lorenza Putignani,
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Kitamoto S, Kamada N. Periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation: Microbiological and immunological mechanisms. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:142-153. [PMID: 35244953 PMCID: PMC9018512 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humans have coevolved with the trillions of resident microbes that populate every nook and cranny of the body. At each site, the resident microbiota creates a unique ecosystem specialized to its environment, benefiting the development and maintenance of human physiology through harmonious symbiotic relationships with the host. However, when the resident microbiota is perturbed, significant complications may arise with disastrous consequences that affect the local and distant ecosystems. In this context, periodontal disease results in inflammation beyond the oral cavity, such as in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence indicates that potentially harmful oral resident bacteria (referred to as pathobionts) and pathogenic immune cells in the oral mucosa can migrate to the lower gastrointestinal tract and contribute to intestinal inflammation. We will review the most recent advances concerning the periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation from microbiological and immunological perspectives. Potential therapeutic approaches that target the connection between the mouth and the gut to treat gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, will be examined. Deciphering the complex interplay between microbes and immunity along the mouth-gut axis will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of both oral and gut pathologies and present therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Teng Y, Yang X, Li G, Zhu Y, Zhang Z. Habitats Show More Impacts Than Host Species in Shaping Gut Microbiota of Sympatric Rodent Species in a Fragmented Forest. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:811990. [PMID: 35197954 PMCID: PMC8859092 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.811990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play a significant role for animals to adapt to the changing environment. Host species and habitats are key drivers in shaping the diversity and composition of the microbiota, but the determinants of composition of the sympatric host gut microbiome remain poorly understood within an ecosystem. In this study, we examined the effects of habitats of different succession stages and host species on the diversity and composition of fecal gut microbiota in four sympatric rodent species (Apodemus draco, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Niviventer confucianus, and Niviventer fulvescens) in a subtropical forest. We found, as compared to the differences between species, habitat types showed a much larger effect on the gut microbiota of rodents. Alpha diversity of the microbial community of A. draco, N. fulvescens, and N. confucianus was highest in farmland, followed by primary forest and shrubland, and lowest in secondary forest. Beta diversity of the three rodent species showed significant different among habitats. The alpha diversity of gut microbiota of L. edwardsi was significantly higher than those of A. draco and N. confucianus, and its beta diversity showed significant difference from A. draco. Our results suggested that gut microbiota were important for animals in responding to diet changes in different habitats under human disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibin Zhang,
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Zhang L, Liu F, Xue J, Lee SA, Liu L, Riordan SM. Bacterial Species Associated With Human Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Their Pathogenic Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:801892. [PMID: 35283816 PMCID: PMC8908260 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.801892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. The pathogenesis of IBD results from immune responses to microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. Various bacterial species that are associated with human IBD have been identified. However, the microbes that trigger the development of human IBD are still not clear. Here we review bacterial species that are associated with human IBD and their pathogenic mechanisms to provide an updated broad understanding of this research field. IBD is an inflammatory syndrome rather than a single disease. We propose a three-stage pathogenesis model to illustrate the roles of different IBD-associated bacterial species and gut commensal bacteria in the development of human IBD. Finally, we recommend microbe-targeted therapeutic strategies based on the three-stage pathogenesis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang,
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Xue
- Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Seul A. Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ali Mohammed MM, Al Kawas S, Al-Qadhi G. Tongue-coating microbiome as a cancer predictor: A scoping review. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105271. [PMID: 34610507 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The tongue microbiome has emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic and tracking prognostic tool in the detection of diseases mainly cancer. This scoping review aimed to identify the association between tongue microbiome and pre-cancer or cancer lesions. DESIGN A comprehensive electronic database search including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was undertaken up to March 2021, without language or date restrictions. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. All observational studies that compared microbial community on the dorsal surface of the tongue between cancer or precancerous cases and healthy controls using NGS techniques were included. RESULTS Of 274 records identified, nine studies were eligible to be included. Despite the inconsistent observations in terms of diversity and richness, most studies reported alteration in bacterial communities between pre-cancer or cancer cases and control groups. The bacterial profile among cases was so far correlated at the phylum level with a noticeable diverse degree at the genus level. The majority of included studies reported a higher abundance of certain kinds of microorganisms as compared to healthy participants including Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria at phyla level as well as Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, Campylobacter, and Fusobacterium at the genus level. CONCLUSION The alteration of the tongue microbial community has been associated with several diseases mainly cancer. So, the tongue microbiome may serve as a promising diagnostic tool or as a long-term monitor in precancerous or cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Mansoor Ali Mohammed
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Gamilah Al-Qadhi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Yemen.
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Habib I, Mohamed MYI, Khan M. Current State of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria in the Food Chain across the Arab Countries: A Descriptive Review. Foods 2021; 10:2369. [PMID: 34681418 PMCID: PMC8535026 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infections caused by bacterial pathogens are a common cause of human illness in the Middle East, with a substantial burden of economic loss and public health consequences. This review aims at elucidating recent literature on the prevalence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Campylobacter and Listeria monocytogens in the food chain in the Arab countries, and to consolidate available evidence on the public health burden and the status of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the concerned three pathogens. The reviewed evidence points to a scarcity of understanding of the magnitude of NTS in the food chain in the Arab countries. Additionally, not much work has been done at the molecular characterization level to address the source-attribution of NTS in the Arab World. Very few surveys have been done on Campylobacter in the food chain in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. There is a gap in quantitative (counts/numbers) surveillance efforts for Campylobacter in the chicken meat supply across all Arab countries, despite the availability of some qualitative (presence/absence) surveillance data. While there are several reports on L. monocytogenes in animal-sourced foods, notably in North African Arab countries, fewer are published on L. monocytogenes in plant-sourced foods. Information on the L. monocytogenes serotypes and strain diversity circulating in the Arab region is widely lacking. Antibiotic resistance in the three pathogens is not fully understood across the Arab region, despite some reports indicating varying trends at the human-food interface. The literature evidence presented in this review stresses that Salmonella, Campylobacter and L. monocytogenes continue to challenge food safety and public health in the Arab countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21221, Egypt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mushtaq Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
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Read E, Curtis MA, Neves JF. The role of oral bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:731-742. [PMID: 34400822 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the importance of the microbiota in health and disease has become evident. Pathological changes to the oral bacterial microbiota, such as those occurring during periodontal disease, are associated with multiple inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease. However, the degree to which this association is a consequence of elevated oral inflammation or because oral bacteria can directly drive inflammation at distal sites remains under debate. In this Perspective, we propose that in inflammatory bowel disease, oral disease-associated bacteria translocate to the intestine and directly exacerbate disease. We propose a multistage model that involves pathological changes to the microbial and immune compartments of both the oral cavity and intestine. The evidence to support this hypothesis is critically evaluated and the relevance to other diseases in which oral bacteria have been implicated (including colorectal cancer and liver disease) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Read
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK.,Wellcome Trust Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine PhD Programme, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A Curtis
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joana F Neves
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK.
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Lee SA, Liu F, Yun DY, Riordan SM, Tay ACY, Liu L, Lee CS, Zhang L. Campylobacter concisus upregulates PD-L1 mRNA expression in IFN-γ sensitized intestinal epithelial cells and induces cell death in esophageal epithelial cells. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1978732. [PMID: 34552702 PMCID: PMC8451702 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1978732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Campylobacter concisus is an oral bacterium that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Barrett's esophagus (BE). Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint protein that is used by tumor cells for immune evasion and has increased expression in patients with IBD and BE. We examined whether C. concisus upregulates PD-L1 expression in intestinal and esophageal epithelial cells. Methods: Human intestinal epithelial HT-29 cells and esophageal epithelial FLO-1 cells with and without interferon (IFN)-γ sensitization were incubated with C. concisus strains. The level of PD-L1 mRNA was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR. Cytokines were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Apoptosis of HT-29 and FLO-1 cells were measured using caspase 3/7 assay. Results: We found that intestinal epithelial cells with IFN-γ sensitization incubated with C. concisus significantly upregulated PD-L1 expression and significantly increased the production of interleukin (IL)-8. Whereas, PD-L1 expression was significantly inhibited in IFN-γ sensitized FLO-1 cells incubated with C. concisus strains. Furthermore, FLO-1 cells with and without IFN-γ sensitization incubated with C. concisus strains both had significantly higher levels of cell death. Conclusion: C. concisushas the potential to cause damage to both intestinal and esophageal epithelial cells, however, with different pathogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul A Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Doo Young Yun
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen M Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit,Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Deshpande NP, Riordan SM, Gorman CJ, Nielsen S, Russell TL, Correa-Ospina C, Fernando BSM, Waters SA, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Man SM, Tedla N, Wilkins MR, Kaakoush NO. Multi-omics of the esophageal microenvironment identifies signatures associated with progression of Barrett's esophagus. Genome Med 2021; 13:133. [PMID: 34412659 PMCID: PMC8375061 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enrichment of Gram-negative bacteria of oral origin in the esophageal microbiome has been associated with the development of metaplasia. However, to date, no study has comprehensively assessed the relationships between the esophageal microbiome and the host. METHODS Here, we examine the esophageal microenvironment in gastro-esophageal reflux disease and metaplasia using multi-omics strategies targeting the microbiome and host transcriptome, followed by targeted culture, comparative genomics, and host-microbial interaction studies of bacterial signatures of interest. RESULTS Profiling of the host transcriptome from esophageal mucosal biopsies revealed profound changes during metaplasia. Importantly, five biomarkers showed consistent longitudinal changes with disease progression from reflux disease to metaplasia. We showed for the first time that the esophageal microbiome is distinct from the salivary microbiome and the enrichment of Campylobacter species as a consistent signature in disease across two independent cohorts. Shape fitting and matrix correlation identified associations between the microbiome and host transcriptome profiles, with a novel co-exclusion relationship found between Campylobacter and napsin B aspartic peptidase. Targeted culture of Campylobacter species from the same cohort revealed a subset of isolates to have a higher capacity to survive within primary human macrophages. Comparative genomic analyses showed these isolates could be differentiated by specific genomic features, one of which was validated to be associated with intracellular fitness. Screening for these Campylobacter strain-specific signatures in shotgun metagenomics data from another cohort showed an increase in prevalence with disease progression. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of primary esophageal epithelial cells exposed to the Campylobacter isolates revealed expression changes within those infected with strains with high intracellular fitness that could explain the increased likelihood of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS We provide a comprehensive assessment of the esophageal microenvironment, identifying bacterial strain-specific signatures with high relevance to progression of metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan P Deshpande
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen M Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Claire J Gorman
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tonia L Russell
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Bentotage S M Fernando
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Si Ming Man
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Campos-Múzquiz LG, Méndez-Olvera ET, Martínez MP, Martínez-Gómez D. Campylobacter fetus Induced Proinflammatory Response in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:99-106. [PMID: 33815531 PMCID: PMC8008763 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus is the causal agent of sporadic abortion in bovines and infertility that produces economic losses in livestock. In many infectious diseases, the immune response has an important role in limiting the invasion and proliferation of bacterial pathogens. Innate immune sensing of microorganisms is mediated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and induces the secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines, like IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8. In this study, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ in bovine endometrial epithelial cells infected with C. fetus and Salmonella Typhimurium (a bacterial invasion control) was analyzed. The results showed that expression levels of IL-1β and IL-8 were high at the beginning of the infection and decreased throughout the intracellular period. Unlike in this same assay, the expression levels of IFN-γ increased through time and reached the highest peak at 4 hours post infection. In cells infected with S. Typhimurium, the results showed that IL8 expression levels were highly induced by infection but not IFN-γ. In cells infected with S. Typhimurium or C. fetus subsp. fetus, the results showed that TNF-α expression did not show any change during infection. A cytoskeleton inhibition assay was performed to determine if cytokine expression was modified by C. fetus subsp. fetus intracellular invasion. IL-1β and IL-8 expression were downregulated when an intracellular invasion was avoided. The results obtained in this study suggest that bovine endometrial epithelial cells could recognize C. fetus subsp. fetus resulting in early proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estela Teresita Méndez-Olvera
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, México
| | - Monika Palacios Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, México
| | - Daniel Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Agropecuaria, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, México
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Lobo de Sá FD, Schulzke JD, Bücker R. Diarrheal Mechanisms and the Role of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Campylobacter Infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 431:203-231. [PMID: 33620653 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter enteritis is the most common cause of foodborne bacterial diarrhea in humans. Although various studies have been performed to clarify the pathomechanism in Campylobacter infection, the mechanism itself and bacterial virulence factors are yet not completely understood. The purpose of this chapter is to (i) give an overview on Campylobacter-induced diarrheal mechanisms, (ii) illustrate underlying barrier defects, (iii) explain the role of the mucosal immune response and (iv) weigh preventive and therapeutic approaches. Our present knowledge of pathogenetic and diarrheal mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni is explained in the first part of this chapter. In the second part, the molecular basis for the Campylobacter-induced barrier dysfunction is compared with that of other species in the Campylobacter genus. The bacteria are capable of overcoming the intestinal epithelial barrier. The invasion into the intestinal mucosa is the initial step of the infection, followed by a second step, the epithelial barrier impairment. The extent of the impairment depends on various factors, including tight junction dysregulation and epithelial apoptosis. The disturbed intestinal epithelium leads to a loss of water and solutes, the leak flux type of diarrhea, and facilitates the uptake of harmful antigens, the leaky gut phenomenon. The barrier dysfunction is accompanied by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, which is partially responsible for the dysfunction. Moreover, cytokines also mediate ion channel dysregulation (e.g., epithelial sodium channel, ENaC), leading to another diarrheal mechanism, which is sodium malabsorption. Future perspectives of Campylobacter research are the clarification of molecular pathomechanisms and the characterization of therapeutic and preventive compounds to combat and prevent Campylobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábia Daniela Lobo de Sá
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bücker
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Nattramilarasu PK, Lobo de Sá FD, Schulzke JD, Bücker R. Immune-Mediated Aggravation of the Campylobacter concisus-Induced Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042043. [PMID: 33669494 PMCID: PMC7922099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is a human-pathogenic bacterium of the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed at the contribution of the mucosal immune system in the context of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by C. concisus. As an experimental leaky gut model, we used in vitro co-cultures of colonic epithelial cell monolayers (HT-29/B6-GR/MR) with M1-macrophage-like THP-1 cells on the basal side. Forty-eight hours after C. concisus infection, the decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance in cell monolayers was more pronounced in co-culture condition and 22 ± 2% (p < 0.001) higher than the monoculture condition without THP-1 cells. Concomitantly, we observed a reduction in the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and tricellulin. We also detected a profound increase in 4 kDa FITC-dextran permeability in C. concisus-infected cell monolayers only in co-culture conditions. This is explained by loss of tricellulin from tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) after C. concisus infection. As an underlying mechanism, we observed an inflammatory response after C. concisus infection through pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) released from THP-1 cells in the co-culture condition. In conclusion, the activation of subepithelial immune cells exacerbates colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction by C. concisus through tricellulin disruption in tTJs, leading to increased antigen permeability (leaky gut concept).
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Campos Muzquiz LG, Martínez Gómez D, Reyes Cruz T, Méndez Olvera ET. Evaluation of intracellular survival of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in bovine endometrial cells by qPCR. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2021; 22:94-99. [PMID: 34306105 PMCID: PMC8294819 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.38693.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus is the causal agent of sporadic abortion and infertility in bovines that produces economic losses in livestock. AIMS This study evaluates the capability of C. fetus subsp. fetus to invade and survive in bovine endometrial epithelial cells and attempts to describe a pathogenic mechanism of this microorganism. METHODS Primary culture of bovine endometrial epithelial cells was challenged with C. fetus subsp. fetus. Intracellular bacteria, represented by the number of genomic copies (g.c.) were quantified at 0, 2, 4, 10, and 24 hours post-infection (h.p.i.), by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The presence of intracellular bacteria was evaluated by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The results showed that only viable C. fetus subsp. fetus could invade endometrial cells. The g.c. number in assays with viable C. fetus subsp. fetus reached an average value of 656 g.c., remained constant until 4 h.p.i., then decreased to 100 g.c, at 24 h.p.i. In assays with non-viable microorganisms, the average value of g.c. was less than 1 g.c. and never changed. The intracellular presence of this bacteria was confirmed at 2 h.p.i. by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION The results suggest that only C. fetus subsp. fetus viable can invade bovine endometrial epithelial cells but will not replicate in them, indicating that the endometrial cells do not represent a replication niche for this pathogen. Nonetheless, this invasion capability suggests that this type of cell could be employed by the pathogen to spread to other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. G. Campos Muzquiz
- Department of Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - D. Martínez Gómez
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - T. Reyes Cruz
- Biological and Health Sciences Division, Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E. T. Méndez Olvera
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
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Escherichia coli K12 Upregulates Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Gamma Interferon-Sensitized Intestinal Epithelial Cells via the NF-κB Pathway. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00618-20. [PMID: 33046511 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00618-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint protein which is used by tumor cells for immune evasion. PD-L1 is upregulated in inflamed intestinal tissues. The intestinal tract is colonized by millions of bacteria, most of which are commensal bacterial species. We hypothesized that under inflammatory conditions, some commensal bacterial species contribute to increased PD-L1 expression in intestinal epithelium and examined this hypothesis. Human intestinal epithelial HT-29 cells with and without interferon (IFN)-γ sensitization were incubated with six strains of four enteric bacterial species. The mRNA and protein levels of PD-L1 in HT-29 cells were examined using quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secreted by HT-29 cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apoptosis of HT-29 cells was measured using a caspase 3/7 assay. We found that Escherichia coli K12 significantly upregulated both PD-L1 mRNA and protein in IFN-γ-sensitized HT-29 cells. E. coli K12 induced the production of IL-8 in HT-29 cells, however, IL-8 did not affect HT-29 PD-L1 expression. Inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway significantly reduced E. coli K12-induced PD-L1 expression in HT-29 cells. The other two E. coli strains and two enteric bacterial species did not significantly affect PD-L1 expression in HT-29 cells. Enterococcus faecalis significantly inhibited PD-L1 expression due to induction of cell death. Data from this study suggest that some gut bacterial species have the potential to affect immune function under inflammatory conditions via upregulating epithelial PD-L1 expression.
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21
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Wang W, Wang Y, Hao X, Duan Y, Meng Z, An X, Qi J. Dietary fermented soybean meal replacement alleviates diarrhea in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 by modulating inflammatory cytokine levels and cecal microbiota composition. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:245. [PMID: 32664940 PMCID: PMC7362456 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired gut microbiota leads to pathogenic bacteria infection, pro-inflammatory response and post-weaning diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 is a major cause of post-weaning diarrhea in weaned piglets. Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) could relieve diarrhea, alleviate inflammatory response, and modulate gut microbiota of weaned piglets. We used ETEC K88-challenged weaned piglet model to investigate the effects of FSBM on the growth performance, inflammatory response and cecal microbiota. Twenty-four crossbred piglets (6.8 ± 0.5 kg; 21 ± 2 days of age) were allotted into 2 treatment fed the diets with or without FSBM (6% at the expense of soybean meal). Six weaned piglets in each diet treatment were challenged by ETEC K88 (1 × 109 CFU/piglets) on day 15. The experimental period lasted for 20 days. RESULTS The ETEC K88 challenge decreased (p < 0.05) fecal consistency and plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration, while increased (p < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations. After ETEC K88 challenge, dietary FSBM replacement increased (p < 0.05) final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), ADFI, and fecal consistency, but decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR). The plasma IL-10 concentration of weaned piglets fed FSBM was higher (p < 0.05), while IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were lower (p < 0.05). Dietary FSBM replacement attenuated the increase of plasma TNF-α concentration and the decrease of ADG induced by ETEC K88 challenge (p < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V4 region of cecal microbiota revealed that ETEC K88 challenge increased (p < 0.05) Campylobacter relative abundance on genus level. Dietary FSBM replacement resulted in higher (p < 0.05) relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and lower (p < 0.05) relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacillus. Furthermore, dietary FSBM replacement relieved the increase of Escherichia-Shigella relative abundance in weaned piglets challenged by ETEC K88 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary FSBM replacement improved growth performance and alleviated the diarrhea of weaned piglets challenged with ETEC K88, which could be due to modulation of cecal microbiota composition and down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China.
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China.
| | - Xiran Hao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanxiao Duan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China.
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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The microbiome in inflammatory bowel diseases: from pathogenesis to therapy. Protein Cell 2020; 12:331-345. [PMID: 32601832 PMCID: PMC8106558 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global disease with accelerating incidence worldwide in the 21st century while its accurate etiology remains unclear. In the past decade, gut microbiota dysbiosis has consistently been associated with IBD. Although many IBD-associated dysbiosis have not been proven to be a cause or an effect of IBD, it is often hypothesized that at least some of alteration in microbiome is protective or causative. In this article, we selectively reviewed the hypothesis supported by both association studies in human and pathogenesis studies in biological models. Specifically, we reviewed the potential protective bacterial pathways and species against IBD, as well as the potential causative bacterial pathways and species of IBD. We also reviewed the potential roles of some members of mycobiome and virome in IBD. Lastly, we covered the current status of therapeutic approaches targeting microbiome, which is a promising strategy to alleviate and cure this inflammatory disease.
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Kayama H, Tani H, Kitada S, Opasawatchai A, Okumura R, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Takeda K. BATF2 prevents T-cell-mediated intestinal inflammation through regulation of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway. Int Immunol 2020; 31:371-383. [PMID: 30753547 PMCID: PMC6528702 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of the IL-23 signaling pathway causes chronic inflammation through the induction of immunopathological Th17 cells in several tissues including the intestine, whereas adequate Th17 responses are essential for host defense against harmful organisms. In the intestinal lamina propria, IL-23 is primarily produced by innate myeloid cells including dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mϕs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of IL-23 production by these cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that BATF2 regulates intestinal homeostasis by inhibiting IL-23-driven T-cell responses. Batf2 was highly expressed in intestinal innate myeloid subsets, such as monocytes, CD11b+ CD64+ Mϕs and CD103+ DCs. Batf2-/- mice spontaneously developed colitis and ileitis with altered microbiota composition. In this context, IL-23, but not TNF-α and IL-10, was produced in high quantities by intestinal CD11b+ CD64+ Mϕs from Batf2-/- mice compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, increased numbers of IFN-γ+, IL-17+ and IFN-γ+ IL-17+ CD4+ T cells, but not IL-10+ CD4+ T cells, accumulated in the colons and small intestines of Batf2-/- mice. In addition, RORγt-expressing innate lymphoid cells were increased in Batf2-/- mice. Batf2-/-Rag2-/- mice showed a reduction in intestinal inflammation present in Batf2-/- mice. Furthermore, the high numbers of intestinal IL-17+ and IFN-γ+ IL-17+ CD4+ T cells were markedly reduced in Batf2-/- mice when introducing Il23a deficiency, which was associated with the abrogation of intestinal inflammation. These results indicated that BATF2 in innate myeloid cells is a key molecule for the suppression of IL-23/IL-17 pathway-mediated adaptive intestinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Tani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Kitada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anunya Opasawatchai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Nattramilarasu PK, Bücker R, Lobo de Sá FD, Fromm A, Nagel O, Lee IFM, Butkevych E, Mousavi S, Genger C, Kløve S, Heimesaat MM, Bereswill S, Schweiger MR, Nielsen HL, Troeger H, Schulzke JD. Campylobacter concisus Impairs Sodium Absorption in Colonic Epithelium via ENaC Dysfunction and Claudin-8 Disruption. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020373. [PMID: 31936044 PMCID: PMC7013563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) can increase the colonic absorptive capacity for salt and water. Campylobacter concisus is a common pathogenic epsilonproteobacterium, causing enteritis and diarrhea. It can induce barrier dysfunction in the intestine, but its influence on intestinal transport function is still unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to characterize C. concisus effects on ENaC using the HT-29/B6-GR/MR (epithelial cell line HT-29/B6 transfected with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors) cell model and mouse colon. In Ussing chambers, C. concisus infection inhibited ENaC-dependent Na+ transport as indicated by a reduction in amiloride-sensitive short circuit current (−55%, n = 15, p < 0.001). This occurred via down-regulation of β- and γ-ENaC mRNA expression and ENaC ubiquitination due to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation, predicted by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). In parallel, C. concisus reduced the expression of the sealing tight junction (TJ) protein claudin-8 and induced claudin-8 redistribution off the TJ domain of the enterocytes, which facilitates the back leakage of Na+ ions into the intestinal lumen. In conclusion, C. concisus caused ENaC dysfunction via interleukin-32-regulated ERK1/2, as well as claudin-8-dependent barrier dysfunction—both of which contribute to Na+ malabsorption and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Nattramilarasu
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bücker
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fábia Daniela Lobo de Sá
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Fromm
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Nagel
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - In-Fah Maria Lee
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Butkevych
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Genger
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigri Kløve
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M. Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michal R. Schweiger
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Tumour genetics, University Hospital Cologne and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hanno Troeger
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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25
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Siddiqee MH, Henry R, Coleman RA, Deletic A, McCarthy DT. Campylobacter in an Urban Estuary: Public Health Insights from Occurrence, HeLa Cytotoxicity, and Caco-2 Attachment Cum Invasion. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:436-445. [PMID: 31735766 PMCID: PMC6934393 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic recreation in urban estuaries worldwide is often restricted by fecal pollution. Variability in the occurrence of fecal pathogens and their differential virulence potentials within these estuaries may result in variable public health risks. To address this hypothesis, Campylobacter were isolated from the Yarra River estuary, Australia and then characterized via HeLa cell cytotoxicity and attachment to and the invasion of Caco-2 monolayers. Overall, 54% (n=216) of estuarine samples (water and sediment combined) yielded biochemically confirmed culturable Campylobacter; higher detection was recorded in water (92%, n=90) than in the bank and bed sediments combined (27%, n=126). The seasonality of occurrence was not significant. HeLa cell cytotoxicity revealed that estuarine Campylobacter had low cytotoxin titers; the 95% confidence interval (CI) ranged between 61 and 85, which was markedly lower than the mean value (~386) for the C. jejuni 11168 reference pathogenic strain. The Caco-2 attachment of estuarine Campylobacter isolates (n=189) revealed that the 95%CI for the attachment efficiency of the test strains ranged between 0.09 and 0.1%, with only 3.7% having a higher efficiency than the 5th percentile value for C. jejuni 11168. None of the estuarine strains exhibited Caco-2 invasion capabilities. In contrast to the common assumption during quantitative microbial/risk assessments (QMRAs) that all environmental strains are pathogenic, the present results revealed that Campylobacter within the Yarra River estuary had very low virulence potential. Since this is the first study to use human epithelial cell lines to characterize estuary-borne pathogens, these results generate valuable insights for a better understanding of the public health risks in urban estuaries that will underpin more robust QMRAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubul H Siddiqee
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory EPHM Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University.,Molecular and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory MEM LAB, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University
| | - Rebekah Henry
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory EPHM Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University
| | | | - Ana Deletic
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory EPHM Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University
| | - David T McCarthy
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory EPHM Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University
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26
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Hsu T, Gemmell MR, Franzosa EA, Berry S, Mukhopadhya I, Hansen R, Michaud M, Nielsen H, Miller WG, Nielsen H, Bajaj-Elliott M, Huttenhower C, Garrett WS, Hold GL. Comparative genomics and genome biology of Campylobacter showae. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:827-840. [PMID: 31169073 PMCID: PMC6567213 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1622455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter showae a bacterium historically linked to gingivitis and periodontitis, has recently been associated with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Our aim was to generate genome sequences for new clinical C. showae strains and identify functional properties explaining their pathogenic potential. Eight C. showae genomes were assessed, four strains isolated from inflamed gut tissues from paediatric Crohn’s disease patients, three strains from colonic adenomas, and one from a gastroenteritis patient stool. Genome assemblies were analyzed alongside the only 3 deposited C. showae genomes. The pangenome from these 11 strains consisted of 4686 unique protein families, and the core genome size was estimated at 1050 ± 15 genes with each new genome contributing an additional 206 ± 16 genes. Functional assays indicated that colonic strains segregated into 2 groups: adherent/invasive vs. non-adherent/non-invasive strains. The former possessed Type IV secretion machinery and S-layer proteins, while the latter contained Cas genes and other CRISPR associated proteins. Comparison of gene profiles with strains in Human Microbiome Project metagenomes showed that gut-derived isolates share genes specific to tongue dorsum and supragingival plaque counterparts. Our findings indicate that C. showae strains are phenotypically and genetically diverse and suggest that secretion systems may play an important role in virulence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Hsu
- a Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , USA
| | - Matthew R Gemmell
- b School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- a Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , USA
| | - Susan Berry
- c School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , GI Research Group, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Indrani Mukhopadhya
- c School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , GI Research Group, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Richard Hansen
- d Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology , Royal Hospital for Children , Glasgow , UK
| | - Monia Michaud
- e Departments of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , USA
| | - Hans Nielsen
- f Department of Clinical Microbiology , Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - William G Miller
- g Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service , Albany , USA
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- h Department of Infectious Diseases , Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- i Infection, Immunity, Inflammation Programme , UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London , UK
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- a Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- e Departments of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , USA
| | - Georgina L Hold
- a Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , USA.,c School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , GI Research Group, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK.,e Departments of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , USA.,j St George and Sutherland Clinical School , Microbiome Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
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27
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Zhang HN, Zhou XD, Xu X, Wang Y. [Oral microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 37:443-449. [PMID: 31512842 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with a high incidence but a poor therapeutic outcome. However, IBD is generally caused by complicated interactions between environmental factors and gut microflora in genetically susceptible individuals. In view of a series of oral manifestations in patients with IBD and a high detection rate of oral bacteria among this population, oral microbiota may play an important role in the development of IBD. This article reviews the relationship between oral microbiota and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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28
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Cui J, Cui H, Yang M, Du S, Li J, Li Y, Liu L, Zhang X, Li S. Tongue coating microbiome as a potential biomarker for gastritis including precancerous cascade. Protein Cell 2019; 10:496-509. [PMID: 30478535 PMCID: PMC6588651 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of gastritis is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Current invasive gastritis diagnostic methods are not suitable for monitoring progress. In this work based on 78 gastritis patients and 50 healthy individuals, we observed that the variation of tongue-coating microbiota was associated with the occurrence and development of gastritis. Twenty-one microbial species were identified for differentiating tongue-coating microbiomes of gastritis and healthy individuals. Pathways such as microbial metabolism in diverse environments, biosynthesis of antibiotics and bacterial chemotaxis were up-regulated in gastritis patients. The abundance of Campylobacter concisus was found associated with the gastric precancerous cascade. Furthermore, Campylobacter concisus could be detected in tongue coating and gastric fluid in a validation cohort containing 38 gastritis patients. These observations provided biological evidence of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine, and indicated that tongue-coating microbiome could be a potential non-invasive biomarker, which might be suitable for long-term monitoring of gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongfei Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingran Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liyang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuegong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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29
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King SJ, McCole DF. Epithelial-microbial diplomacy: escalating border tensions drive inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2019; 17:177-191. [PMID: 30836737 PMCID: PMC6505084 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract-the main site of host-microbial interaction in the body. Development of IBD is not due to a single event but rather is a multifactorial process where a patient’s genetic background, behavioral habits, and environmental exposures contribute to disease pathogenesis. IBD patients exhibit alterations to gut bacterial populations “dysbiosis” due to the inflammatory microenvironment, however whether this alteration of the gut microbiota precedes inflammation has not been confirmed. Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of gut microbes in developing measured immune responses and modulating other host responses such as metabolism. Much of the work on the gut microbiota has been correlative and there is an increasing need to understand the intimate relationship between host and microbe. In this review, we highlight how commensal and pathogenic bacteria interact with host intestinal epithelial cells and explore how altered microenvironments impact these connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J King
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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30
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Mozaffari Namin B, Soltan Dallal MM. Campylobacter Concisus and Its Effect on the Expression of CDX1 and COX2. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3211-3216. [PMID: 30486614 PMCID: PMC6318391 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) is a pre-malignant condition in which normal squamous epithelium of the lower oesophagus and gastresophageal junction is replaced by columnar cells and progress to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The increase burden of oesophagus cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide make study of factors involved in the pathogenesis of BO essential. However, most of studies that examine the environmental risk factors associated with increased incidence and prevalence of BO have largely ignored the potential role of bacteria in disease aetiology. Aims: This study examined the role of Campylobacter concisus isolated from Barrett’s and adenocarcinoma patient samples as one of possible environmental factors in the progression of Barrett’s oesophagus to oesophagus adenocarcinoma. Methods: We focused on the effect of C. concisus on the expression caudal type homeobox 1 gene (CDX1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in three BO cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, the attachment and invasion characteristics of C. concisus were also tested. Results: Results showed that C. concisus had a strong attachment to the cell lines and induce the expression of CDX1 in Barrett’s cell lines in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion: Findings indicate that C. concisus could be as a new challenge in the progression of BO to adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Mozaffari Namin
- Department of Microbiology of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology and Gut Biology Group, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, Dundee, UK.
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31
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Ovesen S, Durack J, Kirk KF, Nielsen HL, Nielsen H, Lynch SV. Motility and biofilm formation of the emerging gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter concisus differs under microaerophilic and anaerobic environments. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:34-44. [PMID: 30252590 PMCID: PMC6363072 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1472201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus has been isolated from patients with gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as healthy subjects. While strain differences may plausibly explain virulence differentials, an alternative hypothesis posits that the pathogenic potential of this species may depend on altered ecosystem conditions in the inflamed gut. One potential difference is oxygen availability, which is frequently increased under conditions of inflammation and is known to regulate bacterial virulence. Hence, we hypothesized that oxygen influences C. concisus physiology. We therefore characterized the effect of microaerophilic or anaerobic environments on C. concisus motility and biofilm formation, two important determinants of host colonization and dissemination. C. concisus isolates (n = 46) sourced from saliva, gut mucosal biopsies and feces of patients with IBD (n = 23), gastroenteritis (n = 8) and healthy subjects (n = 13), were used for this study. Capacity to form biofilms was determined using crystal violet assay, while assessment of dispersion through soft agar permitted motility to be assessed. No association existed between GI disease and either motility or biofilm forming capacity. Oral isolates exhibited significantly greater capacity for biofilm formation compared to fecal isolates (p<0.03), and showed a strong negative correlation between motility and biofilm formation (r = -0.7; p = 0.01). Motility significantly increased when strains were cultured under microaerophilic compared to anaerobic conditions (p<0.001). Increased biofilm formation under microaerophillic conditions was also observed for a subset of isolates. Hence, differences in oxygen availability appear to influence key physiological aspects of the opportunistic gastrointestinal pathogen C. concisus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ovesen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Juliana Durack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karina Frahm Kirk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,CONTACT: Susan Lynch, ., Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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32
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Gastrointestinal Pathobionts in Pediatric Crohn's Disease Patients. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:9203908. [PMID: 30123276 PMCID: PMC6079491 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9203908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, with a rising incidence worldwide, particularly in children. CD is thought to arise due to an immune response to environmental factors. The role of bacteria in CD has recently been highlighted, and here, we examine the prevalence of two bacterial species, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) and Fusobacterium nucleatum, implicated in gastrointestinal pathologies, in a pediatric CD cohort. Stool samples from 30 children with treatment-naïve CD and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were collected, and DNA was extracted. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the levels of ETBF and F. nucleatum in stool samples. Bacterial positivity and relative abundance were assessed between cases and controls and in relation to disease severity. No associations were found between colonization with ETBF and CD, or between colonization with either ETBF or F. nucleatum and disease severity or presence of C. concisus. However, a strong association was observed between positivity for F. nucleatum in the stool samples and the occurrence of CD in patients (25/30) as compared to controls (8/30) (P=0.003). F. nucleatum is more prevalent in the stool samples of pediatric CD patients, compared to healthy controls, and may have potential use as a biomarker of pediatric CD.
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33
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Brunner K, John CM, Phillips NJ, Alber DG, Gemmell MR, Hansen R, Nielsen HL, Hold GL, Bajaj-Elliott M, Jarvis GA. Novel Campylobacter concisus lipooligosaccharide is a determinant of inflammatory potential and virulence. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1893-1905. [PMID: 30049709 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of Campylobacter concisus, increasingly found in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is unclear. Some studies indicate that its role in GI conditions has been underestimated, whereas others suggest that the organism has a commensal-like phenotype. For the enteropathogen C. jejuni, the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a main driver of virulence. We investigated the LOS structure of four C. concisus clinical isolates and correlated the inflammatory potential of each isolate with bacterial virulence. Mass spectrometric analyses of lipid A revealed a novel hexa-acylated diglucosamine moiety with two or three phosphoryl substituents. Molecular and fragment ion analysis indicated that the oligosaccharide portion of the LOS had only a single phosphate and lacked phosphoethanolamine and sialic acid substitution, which are hallmarks of the C. jejuni LOS. Consistent with our structural findings, C. concisus LOS and live bacteria induced less TNF-α secretion in human monocytes than did C. jejuni Furthermore, the C. concisus bacteria were less virulent than C. jejuni in a Galleria mellonella infection model. The correlation of the novel lipid A structure, decreased phosphorylation, and lack of sialylation along with reduced inflammatory potential and virulence support the significance of the LOS as a determinant in the relative pathogenicity of C. concisus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Brunner
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Constance M John
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nancy J Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dagmar G Alber
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Gemmell
- Center for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hans L Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Georgina L Hold
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary A Jarvis
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA .,Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California, San Francisco, CA
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34
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Liu F, Ma R, Wang Y, Zhang L. The Clinical Importance of Campylobacter concisus and Other Human Hosted Campylobacter Species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:243. [PMID: 30087857 PMCID: PMC6066527 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, Campylobacteriosis has been considered to be zoonotic; the Campylobacter species that cause human acute intestinal disease such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli originate from animals. Over the past decade, studies on human hosted Campylobacter species strongly suggest that Campylobacter concisus plays a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C. concisus primarily colonizes the human oral cavity and some strains can be translocated to the intestinal tract. Genome analysis of C. concisus strains isolated from saliva samples has identified a bacterial marker that is associated with active Crohn's disease (one major form of IBD). In addition to C. concisus, humans are also colonized by a number of other Campylobacter species, most of which are in the oral cavity. Here we review the most recent advancements on C. concisus and other human hosted Campylobacter species including their clinical relevance, transmission, virulence factors, disease associated genes, interactions with the human immune system and pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rena Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiming Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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35
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Xun Z, Zhang Q, Xu T, Chen N, Chen F. Dysbiosis and Ecotypes of the Salivary Microbiome Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and the Assistance in Diagnosis of Diseases Using Oral Bacterial Profiles. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1136. [PMID: 29899737 PMCID: PMC5988890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, idiopathic, relapsing disorders of unclear etiology affecting millions of people worldwide. Aberrant interactions between the human microbiota and immune system in genetically susceptible populations underlie IBD pathogenesis. Despite extensive studies examining the involvement of the gut microbiota in IBD using culture-independent techniques, information is lacking regarding other human microbiome components relevant to IBD. Since accumulated knowledge has underscored the role of the oral microbiota in various systemic diseases, we hypothesized that dissonant oral microbial structure, composition, and function, and different community ecotypes are associated with IBD; and we explored potentially available oral indicators for predicting diseases. We examined the 16S rRNA V3–V4 region of salivary bacterial DNA from 54 ulcerative colitis (UC), 13 Crohn’s disease (CD), and 25 healthy individuals using Illumina sequencing. Distinctive sample clusters were driven by disease or health based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of both the Operational Taxonomic Unit profile and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Comparisons of taxa abundances revealed enrichment of Streptococcaceae (Streptococcus) and Enterobacteriaceae in UC and Veillonellaceae (Veillonella) in CD, accompanied by depletion of Lachnospiraceae and [Prevotella] in UC and Neisseriaceae (Neisseria) and Haemophilus in CD, most of which have been demonstrated to exhibit the same variation tendencies in the gut of IBD patients. IBD-related oral microorganisms were associated with white blood cells, reduced basic metabolic processes, and increased biosynthesis and transport of substances facilitating oxidative stress and virulence. Furthermore, UC and CD communities showed robust sub-ecotypes that were not demographic or severity-specific, suggesting their value for future applications in precision medicine. Additionally, indicator species analysis revealed several genera indicative of UC and CD, which were confirmed in a longitudinal cohort. Collectively, this study demonstrates evident salivary dysbiosis and different ecotypes in IBD communities and provides an option for identifying at-risk populations, not only enhancing our understanding of the IBD microbiome apart from the gut but also offering a clinically useful strategy to track IBD as saliva can be sampled conveniently and non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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36
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Al-Banna NA, Cyprian F, Albert MJ. Cytokine responses in campylobacteriosis: Linking pathogenesis to immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 41:75-87. [PMID: 29550265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important enteric pathogen that causes diarrheas of different degrees of severity and several extra-intestinal manifestations, including Guillain-Barre syndrome. The variability of disease outcomes is thought to be linked to the immune response induced by C. jejuni. The virulence factors of C. jejuni induce a pro-inflammatory response, that is initiated by the intestinal epithelial cells, propagated by innate immune cells and modulated by the cells of the adaptive immune response. This review focuses on cytokines, that are reported to orchestrate the induction and propagation of pro-inflammatory immune response, and also those that are involved in control and resolution of inflammation. We describe the functional roles of a number of cytokines in modulating anti-Campylobacter immune responses: 1. cytokines of innate immunity (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) as initiators of inflammatory response, 2. cytokines of antigen-presenting cells (IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-23) as promoters of pro-inflammatory response, 3. cytokines produced by T cells (IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-22) as activators of T cells, and 4. anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) as inhibitors of pro-inflammatory responses. We highlight the roles of cytokines as potential therapeutic agents that are under investigation. In the end, we pose several questions that remain unanswered in our quest to understand Campylobacter immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Al-Banna
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health Cluster, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Farhan Cyprian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health Cluster, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M John Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait.
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37
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Molecular epidemiology and comparative genomics of Campylobacter concisus strains from saliva, faeces and gut mucosal biopsies in inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1902. [PMID: 29382867 PMCID: PMC5790007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet little is known about the genetic diversity of C. concisus in relation to host niches and disease. We isolated 104 C. concisus isolates from saliva, mucosal biopsies and faecal samples from 41 individuals (26 IBD, 3 Gastroenteritis (GE), 12 Healthy controls (HC)). Whole genomes were sequenced and the dataset pan-genome examined, and genomic information was used for typing using multi-locus-sequence typing (MLST). C. concisus isolates clustered into two main groups/genomospecies (GS) with 71 distinct sequence types (STs) represented. Sampling site (p < 0.001), rather than disease phenotype (p = 1.00) was associated with particular GS. We identified 97 candidate genes associated with increase or decrease in prevalence during the anatomical descent from the oral cavity to mucosal biopsies to faeces. Genes related to cell wall/membrane biogenesis were more common in oral isolates, whereas genes involved in cell transport, metabolism and secretory pathways were more prevalent in enteric isolates. Furthermore, there was no correlation between individual genetic diversity and clinical phenotype. This study confirms the genetic heterogeneity of C. concisus and provides evidence that genomic variation is related to the source of isolation, but not clinical phenotype.
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38
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John DA, Williams LK, Kanamarlapudi V, Humphrey TJ, Wilkinson TS. The Bacterial Species Campylobacter jejuni Induce Diverse Innate Immune Responses in Human and Avian Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1840. [PMID: 29033908 PMCID: PMC5626877 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter remain the major cause of human gastroenteritis in the Developed World causing a significant burden to health services. Campylobacter are pathogens in humans and chickens, although differences in mechanistic understanding are incomplete, in part because phenotypic strain diversity creates inconsistent findings. Here, we took Campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 100) from multi-locus sequence typed collections to assess their pathogenic diversity, through their inflammatory, cytotoxicity, adhesion, invasion and signaling responses in a high-throughput model using avian and human intestinal epithelial cells. C. jejuni induced IL-8 and CXCLi1/2 in human and avian epithelial cells, respectively, in a MAP kinase-dependent manner. In contrast, IL-10 responses in both cell types were PI 3-kinase/Akt-dependent. C. jejuni strains showed diverse levels of invasion with high invasion dependent on MAP kinase signaling in both cell lines. C. jejuni induced diverse cytotoxic responses in both cell lines with cdt-positive isolates showing significantly higher toxicity. Blockade of endocytic pathways suggested that invasion by C. jejuni was clathrin- and dynamin-dependent but caveolae- independent in both cells. In contrast, IL-8 (and CXCLi1/2) production was dependent on clathrin, dynamin, and caveolae. This study is important because of its scale, and the data produced, suggesting that avian and human epithelial cells use similar innate immune pathways where the magnitude of the response is determined by the phenotypic diversity of the Campylobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A John
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa K Williams
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Venkateswarlu Kanamarlapudi
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.,Cellular Biology, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Humphrey
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Wilkinson
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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39
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Serichantalergs O, Ruekit S, Pandey P, Anuras S, Mason C, Bodhidatta L, Swierczewski B. Incidence of Campylobacter concisus and C. ureolyticus in traveler's diarrhea cases and asymptomatic controls in Nepal and Thailand. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:47. [PMID: 28824712 PMCID: PMC5561605 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter concisus and C. ureolyticus have emerged in recent years as being associated with acute and prolonged gastroenteritis and implicated in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of these microorganisms in Southeast Asia. In this study, 214 pathogen-negative stool samples after laboratory examination for common enteric pathogens to include C. jejuni and C. coli by culture from two case–control traveler’s diarrhea (TD) studies conducted in Thailand (cases = 26; controls = 30) and Nepal (cases = 83; controls = 75) respectively were assayed by PCR for the detection of Campylobacter 16S rRNA and two specific heat shock protein genes specific for C. concisus (cpn60) and C. ureolyticus (Hsp60) respectively. Results Campylobacter 16S rRNA was detected in 28.5% (61/214) of the pathogen-negative TD stool samples (CIWEC Travel Medicine Clinic, Kathmandu, Nepal: cases = 36, control = 14; Bamrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand: cases = 9, controls = 2). C. consisus was identified significantly more often in TD cases in Nepal (28.9%; 24/83) as compared to controls (4%; 3/75) (OR = 9.76; 95% CI 2.80–34.02; P = 0.0003) while C. consisus was detected in only two cases (2/26; 7.7%) and none of the controls stool samples from Thailand. C. ureolyticus was detected in four cases (4.8%; 4/83) and four controls (5.3%; 4/75) and in one case (3.8%; 1/26) and one control (3.1%; 1/30) from Nepal and Thailand respectively. C. jejuni and C. coli were isolated in 18.3 and 3.4% of the cases and in 4.0 and 1.4% of the controls in stool samples from both Thailand and Nepal respectively while C. concisus nor C. ureolyticus were not tested for in these samples. Conclusion These findings suggest that C. concisus potentially is a pathogen associated with TD in Nepal. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. concisus and C. ureolyticus detected from traveler’s diarrhea cases from travelers to Nepal and Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oralak Serichantalergs
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Sirigade Ruekit
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Prativa Pandey
- CIWEC Clinic Travel Medicine Center, GPO Box 12895, Kapurdhara Marg, Kathmandu, 44600 Nepal
| | - Sinn Anuras
- Bumrungrad International Hospital, 33 Soi Sukhumvit 3, Khwaeng Khlong Toei Nuea, Khet Watthana, Bangkok, 10110 Thailand
| | - Carl Mason
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Ladaporn Bodhidatta
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Brett Swierczewski
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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40
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Bücker R, Krug SM, Fromm A, Nielsen HL, Fromm M, Nielsen H, Schulzke JD. Campylobacter fetus impairs barrier function in HT-29/B6 cells through focal tight junction alterations and leaks. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1405:189-201. [PMID: 28662272 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infections by Campylobacter species are the most common foodborne zoonotic disease worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are isolated most frequently from human stool samples, but severe infections by C. fetus (Cf), which can cause gastroenteritis, septicemia, and abortion, are also found. This study aims at the characterization of pathological changes in Cf infection using an intestinal epithelial cell model. The Cf-induced epithelial barrier defects appeared earlier than those of avian Campylobacter species like C. jejuni/C. coli. Two-path impedance spectroscopy (2PI) distinguished transcellular and paracellular resistance contributions to the overall epithelial barrier impairment. Both transcellular and paracellular resistance of Cf-infected HT-29/B6 monolayers were reduced. The latter was attributed to activation of active anion secretion. Western blot analysis showed no decrease in tight junction (TJ) protein expression (claudin-1, -2, -3, and -4) but showed redistribution of claudin-1 off the TJ domain. In addition, Cf induced epithelial cell death, cell detachment, and lesions (focal leaks), as the result of which macromolecule flux (10-kDa dextran) was increased in Cf-invaded cell monolayers. In conclusion, barrier dysfunction from Cf infection was due to TJ protein redistribution, cell death induction, and leak formation, resulting in bacterial translocation, ion leak flux, and antigen uptake (leaky gut).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Bücker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Fromm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael Fromm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Nagao-Kitamoto H, Kamada N. Host-microbial Cross-talk in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Immune Netw 2017; 17:1-12. [PMID: 28261015 PMCID: PMC5334117 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A vast community of commensal microorganisms, commonly referred to as the gut microbiota, colonizes the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The involvement of the gut microbiota in the maintenance of the gut ecosystem is two-fold: it educates host immune cells and protects the host from pathogens. However, when healthy microbial composition and function are disrupted (dysbiosis), the dysbiotic gut microbiota can trigger the initiation and development of various GI diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD, primarily includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a major global public health problem affecting over 1 million patients in the United States alone. Accumulating evidence suggests that various environmental and genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. In particular, the gut microbiota is a key factor associated with the triggering and presentation of disease. Gut dysbiosis in patients with IBD is defined as a reduction of beneficial commensal bacteria and an enrichment of potentially harmful commensal bacteria (pathobionts). However, as of now it is largely unknown whether gut dysbiosis is a cause or a consequence of IBD. Recent technological advances have made it possible to address this question and investigate the functional impact of dysbiotic microbiota on IBD. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in the field, focusing on host-microbial cross-talk in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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42
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Ovesen S, Kirk KF, Nielsen HL, Nielsen H. Motility of Campylobacter concisus isolated from saliva, feces, and gut mucosal biopsies. APMIS 2017; 125:230-235. [PMID: 28116789 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but the species is also found in healthy subjects. The heterogeneous genome of C. concisus increases the likelihood of varying virulence between strains. Flagella motility is a crucial virulence factor for the well-recognized Campylobacter jejuni; therefore, this study aimed to analyze the motility of C. concisus isolated from saliva, gut biopsies, and feces of patients with IBD, gastroenteritis, and healthy subjects. The motility zones of 63 isolates from 52 patients were measured after microaerobic growth in soft-agar plates for 72 hours. The motility of C. concisus was significantly lower than that of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. The motility of C. concisus varied between isolates (4-22 mm), but there was no statistical significant difference between isolates from IBD patients and healthy subjects (p = 0.14). A tendency of a larger motility zones was observed for IBD gut mucosa isolates, although it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.13), and no difference was found between oral or fecal isolates between groups. In conclusion, the varying motility of C. concisus could not be related to disease outcome or colonization sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ovesen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karina Frahm Kirk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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43
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Nielsen HL, Kirk KF, Bodilsen J, Ejlertsen T, Nielsen H. Azithromycin vs. Placebo for the Clinical Outcome in Campylobacter concisus Diarrhoea in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166395. [PMID: 27893820 PMCID: PMC5125586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus has been associated with prolonged mild diarrhoea, but investigations regarding the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment have not been reported previously. We initiated a phase 3, single-centre, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study comparing the efficacy of 500 mg once-daily dose of azithromycin with a 500 mg once-daily dose of placebo for three days, for the treatment of C. concisus diarrhoea in adult patients with a follow-up period of ten days. If symptoms persisted at day ten, the patient was offered cross-over study treatment of three days and another ten-day follow-up period. The primary efficacy endpoint was the clinical response, defined as time to cessation of diarrhoea (<3 stools/day or reversal of accompanying symptoms). Our estimated sample size was 100 patients. We investigated a total of 10,036 diarrheic stool samples from 7,089 adult patients. Five-hundred and eighty-eight C. concisus positive patients were assessed for eligibility, of which 559 were excluded prior to randomization. The three main reasons for exclusion were duration of diarrhoea longer than 21 days (n = 124), previous antibiotic treatment (n = 113), and co-pathogens in stools (n = 87). Therefore, 24 patients completed the trial with either azithromycin (n = 12) or placebo (n = 12). Both groups presented symptoms of mild, prolonged diarrhoea with a mean duration of 18 days (95% CI: 16-19). One person in the azithromycin group and four from the placebo group chose to continue with crossover medication after the initial ten-day period. In the azithromycin group, there was a mean of seven days (95% CI: 5-9) to clinical cure and for the placebo group it was ten days (95% CI: 6-14) (OR-3 (95% CI: -7-1). We observed no differences in all examined outcomes between azithromycin treatment and placebo. However, due to unforeseen recruitment difficulties we did not reach our estimated sample size of 100 patients and statistical power to conclude on an effect of azithromycin treatment was not obtained. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01531218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Karina Frahm Kirk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bodilsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tove Ejlertsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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44
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Campylobacter concisus pathotypes induce distinct global responses in intestinal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34288. [PMID: 27677841 PMCID: PMC5039708 DOI: 10.1038/srep34288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial response to the opportunistic pathogen Campylobacter concisus is poorly characterised. Here, we assessed the intestinal epithelial responses to two C. concisus strains with different virulence characteristics in Caco-2 cells using RNAseq, and validated a subset of the response using qPCR arrays. C. concisus strains induced distinct response patterns from intestinal epithelial cells, with the toxigenic strain inducing a significantly more amplified response. A range of cellular functions were significantly regulated in a strain-specific manner, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (NOTCH and Hedgehog), cytoskeletal remodeling, tight junctions, inflammatory responses and autophagy. Pattern recognition receptors were regulated, including TLR3 and IFI16, suggesting that nucleic acid sensing was important for epithelial recognition of C. concisus. C. concisus zonula occludens toxin (ZOT) was expressed and purified, and the epithelial response to the toxin was analysed using RNAseq. ZOT upregulated PAR2 expression, as well as processes related to tight junctions and cytoskeletal remodeling. C. concisus ZOT also induced upregulation of TLR3, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL8 and chemokine CXCL16, as well as the executioner caspase CASP7. Here, we characterise distinct global epithelial responses to C. concisus strains, and the virulence factor ZOT, and provide novel information on mechanisms by which this bacterium may affect the host.
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Kaakoush NO, Thomas DS, Ruzayqat MM, Lynch D, Leach ST, Lemberg DA, Day AS, Mitchell HM. Campylobacter concisus utilizes blood but not short chain fatty acids despite showing associations with Firmicutes taxa. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1388-1397. [PMID: 27339421 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is a member of the oral microbiota that has been associated with the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the role of the bacterium in disease aetiology remains poorly understood. Here, we examine optimal conditions for the growth of C. concisus, and the pathogenic potential of this bacterium in human gastrointestinal cells from the upper tract. Further, the presence of C. concisus in the lower tract of Crohn's disease (CD) patients undergoing therapy is observed, and the associations of C. concisus with the abundance of other microbial taxa and compounds they produce are evaluated. C. concisus strains had the ability to tolerate moderate levels of acidity, adhere to and invade esophageal and gastric cells; however, these properties did not correlate with their pathogenic potential in intestinal cells. The presence of the bacterium in the lower gut of CD patients was associated with an increased relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis. Short chain fatty acids that can be produced by these microbial species did not appear to be responsible for this association. However, we identified genetic similarity between C. concisus and Firmicutes, specifically within aspartate and glutamate racemases. The potential pathogenesis of C. concisus in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and the responsiveness of the bacterium to therapy in a subset of CD patients warrant further investigation into whether this bacterium has a causal role in disease or its presence is incidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Donald S Thomas
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mahmoud M Ruzayqat
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Lynch
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Steven T Leach
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel A Lemberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew S Day
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Mahendran V, Liu F, Riordan SM, Grimm MC, Tanaka MM, Zhang L. Examination of the effects of Campylobacter concisus zonula occludens toxin on intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:18. [PMID: 27195022 PMCID: PMC4870807 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter concisus is a Gram-negative bacterium that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some C. concisus strains carry zonula occludens toxin (zot) gene which has polymorphisms. This study investigated the effects of C. concisus Zot on intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages using cell line models. Methods Campylobacter concisuszot808T gene, a polymorphism that is associated with active IBD, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The effects of C. concisus Zot on intestinal epithelial barrier were examined using Caco-2 cell model. Apoptosis induced by C. concisus Zot in Caco-2 cells was assessed by measuring the levels of caspase 3/7. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by C. concisus Zot in HT-29 cells and in THP-1 macrophage-like cells was measured using ELISA kits. Whether exposure to C. concisus Zot can affect the responses of macrophages to E. coli K12 was also investigated. Results Campylobacter concisus Zot caused prolonged intestinal epithelial barrier damage, induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, induced epithelial production of TNF-α and IL-8 and upregulated TNF-α in THP-1 macrophage-like cells. Pre-exposure to C. concisus Zot significantly enhanced the production of TNF-α and IL-8 as well as phagocytosis by THP-1 macrophage-like cells in response to E. coli K12. Conclusion This study suggests that C. concisus Zot may have enteric pathogenic potential by damaging intestinal epithelial barrier, inducing intestinal epithelial and macrophage production of proinflammatory cytokines in particular TNF-α and enhancing the responses of macrophages to other enteric bacterial species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-016-0101-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikneswari Mahendran
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Stephen M Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia ; Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Michael C Grimm
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mark M Tanaka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Mozaffari Namin B, Soltan Dallal MM, Ebrahimi Daryani N. The Effect of Campylobacter concisus on Expression of IL-18, TNF-α and p53 in Barrett's Cell Lines. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e26393. [PMID: 26865939 PMCID: PMC4744463 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.26393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett's oesophagus is a pre-malignant condition at gastroesophageal junction in which normal squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar shape epithelium, which predisposes oesophageal adenocarcinoma. It is known that Barrett's oesophagus evolves as a consequence of chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Although progression of Barrett's oesophagus to adenocarcinoma is still unclear, increasing incidence of oesophageal cancer and mortality worldwide make its study necessary. Several investigations have been made on the aetiology of oesophageal cancer. Most of them assessed genetical or environmental factors. However, potential role of bacteria in the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma as a new environmental factor has not been addressed. Previous study on Barrett's disease detected presence of Campylobacter concisus as a new emerging pathogen on Barrett's and oesophageal cancer samples compared with healthy individuals. This indicates that this organism might involve in the progression of Barrett's to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effects of C. concisus on expression of three biomarkers including interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and tumour suppressor gene (p53) in three Barrett's cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR assays were developed to measure expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-18 and TNF-α) and gene expression of p53 in Barrett's cell lines in co-culture with C. concisus. RESULTS The mentioned organism was able to modulate considerably expression of p53, TNF-α and IL-18 in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that microorganism influences expression of carcinogenesis biomarker and cytokines in cell line models and possibility promotes oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Mozaffari Namin
- Department of Microbiology of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, IR Iran
- Microbiology and Gut Biology Group, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Food Microbiology Research Center, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188992971, Fax: +98-2188954913, E-mail:
| | - Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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48
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Underwood AP, Kaakoush NO, Sodhi N, Merif J, Seah Lee W, Riordan SM, Rawlinson WD, Mitchell HM. Campylobacter concisus pathotypes are present at significant levels in patients with gastroenteritis. J Med Microbiol 2015; 65:219-226. [PMID: 26698172 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, recent findings showing comparable levels of Campylobacter concisus in patients with gastroenteritis would suggest that this bacterium is clinically important. The prevalence and abundance of Campylobacter concisus in stool samples collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis was examined using quantitative real-time PCR. The associated virulence determinants exotoxin 9 and zonula occludens toxin DNA were detected for Campylobacter concisus-infected samples using real-time PCR. Campylobacter concisus was detected at high prevalence in patients with gastroenteritis (49.7 %), higher than that observed for Campylobacter jejuni (∼5 %). The levels of Campylobacter concisus were putatively classified into clinically relevant and potentially transient subgroups based on a threshold developed using Campylobacter jejuni levels, as the highly sensitive real-time PCR probably detected transient passage of the bacterium from the oral cavity. A total of 18 % of patients were found to have clinically relevant levels of Campylobacter concisus, a significant number of which also had high levels of one of the virulence determinants. Of these patients, 78 % were found to have no other gastrointestinal pathogen identified in the stool, which strongly suggests a role for Campylobacter concisus in the aetiology of gastroenteritis in these patients. These results emphasize the need for diagnostic laboratories to employ identification protocols for emerging Campylobacter species. Clinical follow-up in patients presenting with high levels of Campylobacter concisus in the intestinal tract is needed, given that it has been associated with more chronic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Underwood
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Nidhi Sodhi
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Juan Merif
- Virology Division, Department of Microbiology, SEALS, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen M Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - William D Rawlinson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia.,Virology Division, Department of Microbiology, SEALS, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
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Serban DE. Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis and Therapy: Is It All About Diet? Nutr Clin Pract 2015; 30:760-79. [PMID: 26452390 DOI: 10.1177/0884533615606898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and unclassified IBD, continues to cause significant morbidity. While its incidence is increasing, no clear etiology and no cure have yet been discovered. Recent findings suggest that IBD may have a multifactorial etiology, where complex interactions between genetics, epigenetics, environmental factors (including diet but also infections, antibiotics, and sanitation), and host immune system lead to abnormal immune responses and chronic inflammation. Over the past years, the role of altered gut microbiota (in both composition and function) in IBD pathogenesis has emerged as an outstanding area of interest. According to new findings, gut dysbiosis may appear as a key element in initiation of inflammation in IBD and its complications. Moreover, complex metagenomic studies provide possibilities to distinguish between IBD types and appreciate severity and prognosis of the disease, as well as response to therapy. This review provides an updated knowledge of recent findings linking altered bacterial composition and functions, viruses, and fungi to IBD pathogenesis. It also highlights the complex genetic, epigenetic, immune, and microbial interactions in relation to environmental factors (including diet). We overview the actual options to manipulate the altered microbiota, such as modified diet, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal transplantation. Future possible therapies are also included. Targeting altered microbiota could be the next therapeutic personalized approach, but more research and well-designed comparative prospective studies are required to formulate adequate directions for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Elena Serban
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Second Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Children's Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Nielsen HL, Kaakoush NO, Mitchell HM, Nielsen H. Immunoglobulin G response in patients with Campylobacter concisus diarrhea. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 84:151-4. [PMID: 26643061 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the systemic immunoglobulin response in patients infected with the emerging pathogen Campylobacter concisus. The aim of the present study was to detect anti-C. concisus antibodies in serum of 88 patients with C. concisus gastroenteritis. Specific IgG antibodies to C. concisus were measured in serum using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and pooled donor serum was used as a control. The mean optical density was 0.135 (SEM: 0.020) for the 88 adult patients and 0.100 (SEM: 0.011) in controls. When using an optical density value equal to the mean +3 SEM for the control serum, 22 (25%) C. concisus-positive patients had increased IgG antibodies. Patients with high IgG levels more often reported headache, and they had a trend toward more mucus in stools, whereas IgG levels were unrelated to age, duration of diarrhea, number of stools per day, and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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