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Grobbelaar S, Mercier AE, van den Bout I, Durandt C, Pepper MS. Considerations for enhanced mesenchymal stromal/stem cell myogenic commitment in vitro. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13703. [PMID: 38098144 PMCID: PMC10787211 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The generation of tissue from stem cells is an alluring concept as it holds a number of potential applications in clinical therapeutics and regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from a number of different somatic sources, and have the capacity to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic lineages. Although the first three have been extensively investigated, there remains a paucity of literature on the latter. This review looks at the various strategies available in vitro to enhance harvested MSC commitment and differentiation into the myogenic pathway. These include chemical inducers, myogenic-enhancing cell culture substrates, and mechanical and dynamic culturing conditions. Drawing on information from embryonic and postnatal myogenesis from somites, satellite, and myogenic progenitor cells, the mechanisms behind the chemical and mechanical induction strategies can be studied, and the sequential gene and signaling cascades can be used to monitor the progression of myogenic differentiation in the laboratory. Increased understanding of the stimuli and signaling mechanisms in the initial stages of MSC myogenic commitment will provide tools with which we can enhance their differentiation efficacy and advance the process to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Grobbelaar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Anne E. Mercier
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Iman van den Bout
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Chrisna Durandt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Michael S. Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
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2
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Leng Y, Li X, Zheng F, Liu H, Wang C, Wang X, Liao Y, Liu J, Meng K, Yu J, Zhang J, Wang B, Tan Y, Liu M, Jia X, Li D, Li Y, Gu Z, Fan Y. Advances in In Vitro Models of Neuromuscular Junction: Focusing on Organ-on-a-Chip, Organoids, and Biohybrid Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211059. [PMID: 36934404 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a peripheral synaptic connection between presynaptic motor neurons and postsynaptic skeletal muscle fibers that enables muscle contraction and voluntary motor movement. Many traumatic, neurodegenerative, and neuroimmunological diseases are classically believed to mainly affect either the neuronal or the muscle side of the NMJ, and treatment options are lacking. Recent advances in novel techniques have helped develop in vitro physiological and pathophysiological models of the NMJ as well as enable precise control and evaluation of its functions. This paper reviews the recent developments in in vitro NMJ models with 2D or 3D cultures, from organ-on-a-chip and organoids to biohybrid robotics. Related derivative techniques are introduced for functional analysis of the NMJ, such as the patch-clamp technique, microelectrode arrays, calcium imaging, and stimulus methods, particularly optogenetic-mediated light stimulation, microelectrode-mediated electrical stimulation, and biochemical stimulation. Finally, the applications of the in vitro NMJ models as disease models or for drug screening related to suitable neuromuscular diseases are summarized and their future development trends and challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Leng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fuyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yulong Liao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiangyue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaiqi Meng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaheng Yu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Binyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yingjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Meili Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
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3
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Park S, Park G, Oh S, Park Y, Kim Y, Kim J, Choi J. Investigating proliferation and differentiation capacities of Hanwoo steer myosatellite cells at different passages for developing cell-cultured meat. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15614. [PMID: 37730695 PMCID: PMC10511522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of study was to investigate proliferation and differentiation capacities of Hanwoo myosatellite cells for the development of Hanwoo cell cultures. From P1 to P19, the number of live cells decreased and the cell size increased. It was confirmed that the PAX7 mRNA was higher in P3 than P6 and P9 (p < 0.05). The maximum differentiation score was measured from P1 to P12. The maximum differentiation score maintained high from P1 to P10. Immunostaining was performed for both P1 and P10 cells to investigate differentiation characteristics. And there were no significant differences in differentiation characteristics between P1 and P10 cells. MYOG mRNA was low, whereas C-FOS mRNA was high (p < 0.05) in the late passage. Myosin and Tom20 protein also showed low values in the late passage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that it is appropriate to use P1 to P10 for the production of cultured meat using Hanwoo muscle cells. If cell culture meat production is performed without differentiation, the passage range may increase further. These results provide basic essential data required for further development of Hanwoo cell cultures, which could provide a valuable source of protein for human populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Gyutae Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Sehyuk Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Yunhwan Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Jungseok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.
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Kusumastuti R, Kumagai Y, Ishihara S, Enomoto A, Murakami T, Yasuda M, Haga H. Mammaglobin 1 mediates progression of trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells through regulation of cyclins and NF-κB. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1797-1813. [PMID: 35945910 PMCID: PMC9527592 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in various cancers is correlated with poor patient survival. Trastuzumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against HER2, has been considered to be a first-line therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer patients, but its usefulness is limited by the development of resistance. In this study, we established resistant cells by long-term treatment with trastuzumab. These cells showed higher proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities than the wild-type cells. Mammaglobin 1 (MGB1), cyclin D1, E1, A2, and phosphorylated NF-κB (p-p65) were upregulated in resistant cells. These proteins regulate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of resistant cells. Depletion of MGB1 decreased cyclin and p-p65 expression. Cyclin D1 and A2, but not E1 expression, were affected by p-p65 downregulation. In summary, our results indicate that MGB1 expression is increased in breast cancer cells that have gained resistance to trastuzumab, and suggest that MGB1 promotes aggressiveness through cyclin and NF-κB regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Kusumastuti
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yuji Kumagai
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Seiichiro Ishihara
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | | | - Motoaki Yasuda
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Lijten OW, Rosero Salazar DH, van Erp M, Bronkhorst E, Von den Hoff JW. Effect of niche components on masseter satellite cell differentiation on fibrin coatings. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12849. [PMID: 35020959 PMCID: PMC9303748 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscles, niche factors stimulate satellite cells to activate and induce muscle regeneration after injury. In vitro, matrigel is widely used for myoblast differentiation, however, is unsuitable for clinical applications. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze attachment and differentiation of satellite cells into myotubes on fibrin coatings with selected niche components. The attachment of satellite cells to fibrin alone and fibrin with niche components (laminin, collagen‐IV, laminin‐entactin complex [LEC]) were compared to matrigel. Only on matrigel and fibrin with LEC, Pax7‐positive cells attached well. Then, LEC was selected to analyze proliferation, differentiation, and fusion indices. The proliferation index at day 1 on fibrin‐LEC (22.5%, SD 9.1%) was similar to that on matrigel (30.8% [SD 11.1%]). The differentiation index on fibrin‐LEC (28.7% [SD 6.1%] at day 5 and 32.8% [SD 6.7%] at day 7) was similar to that on matrigel (40.1% [5.1%] at day 5 and 27.1% [SD 4.3%] at day 7). On fibrin‐LEC, the fusion index at day 9 (26.9% [SD 11.5%]) was similar to that on matrigel (25.5% [SD 4.7%]). Our results showed that the addition of LEC enhances the formation of myotubes on fibrin. Fibrin with LEC might be suitable to enhance muscle regeneration after surgery such as cleft palate repair and other muscle defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Willem Lijten
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Haydee Rosero Salazar
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Merijn van Erp
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewald Bronkhorst
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Seixas MLGA, Mitre LP, Shams S, Lanzuolo GB, Bartolomeo CS, Silva EA, Prado CM, Ureshino R, Stilhano RS. Unraveling Muscle Impairment Associated With COVID-19 and the Role of 3D Culture in Its Investigation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:825629. [PMID: 35223956 PMCID: PMC8867096 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.825629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been considered a public health emergency, extensively investigated by researchers. Accordingly, the respiratory tract has been the main research focus, with some other studies outlining the effects on the neurological, cardiovascular, and renal systems. However, concerning SARS-CoV-2 outcomes on skeletal muscle, scientific evidence is still not sufficiently strong to trace, treat and prevent possible muscle impairment due to the COVID-19. Simultaneously, there has been a considerable amount of studies reporting skeletal muscle damage in the context of COVID-19. Among the detrimental musculoskeletal conditions associated with the viral infection, the most commonly described are sarcopenia, cachexia, myalgia, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Of note, the risk of developing sarcopenia during or after COVID-19 is relatively high, which poses special importance to the condition amid the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The yet uncovered mechanisms by which musculoskeletal injury takes place in COVID-19 and the lack of published methods tailored to study the correlation between COVID-19 and skeletal muscle hinder the ability of healthcare professionals to provide SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with an adequate treatment plan. The present review aims to minimize this burden by both thoroughly exploring the interaction between COVID-19 and the musculoskeletal system and examining the cutting-edge 3D cell culture techniques capable of revolutionizing the study of muscle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza G. A. Seixas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pari Mitre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shahin Shams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel Barbugian Lanzuolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Silva Bartolomeo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carla Maximo Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ureshino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sessa Stilhano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Roberta Sessa Stilhano
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Minai L, Yelin D. Plasmonic fusion between fibroblasts and skeletal muscle cells for skeletal muscle regeneration. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:608-619. [PMID: 35284171 PMCID: PMC8884231 DOI: 10.1364/boe.445290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Normal regeneration of skeletal muscle takes place by the differentiation of muscle-specific stem cells into myoblasts that fuse with existing myofibers for muscle repair. This natural repair mechanism could be ineffective in some cases, for example in patients with genetic muscular dystrophies or massive musculoskeletal injuries that lead to volumetric muscle loss. In this study we utilize the effect of plasmonic cell fusion, i.e. the fusion between cells conjugated by gold nanospheres and irradiated by resonant femtosecond laser pulses, for generating human heterokaryon cells of myoblastic and fibroblastic origin, which further develop into viable striated myotubes. The heterokaryon cells were found to express the myogenic transcription factors MyoD and Myogenin, as well as the Desmin protein that is essential in the formation of sarcomeres, and could be utilized in various therapeutic approaches that involve transplantation of cells or engineered tissue into the damaged muscle.
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Romagnoli C, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. Available In Vitro Models for Human Satellite Cells from Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413221. [PMID: 34948017 PMCID: PMC8706222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle accounts for almost 40% of the total adult human body mass. This tissue is essential for structural and mechanical functions such as posture, locomotion, and breathing, and it is endowed with an extraordinary ability to adapt to physiological changes associated with growth and physical exercise, as well as tissue damage. Moreover, skeletal muscle is the most age-sensitive tissue in mammals. Due to aging, but also to several diseases, muscle wasting occurs with a loss of muscle mass and functionality, resulting from disuse atrophy and defective muscle regeneration, associated with dysfunction of satellite cells, which are the cells responsible for maintaining and repairing adult muscle. The most established cell lines commonly used to study muscle homeostasis come from rodents, but there is a need to study skeletal muscle using human models, which, due to ethical implications, consist primarily of in vitro culture, which is the only alternative way to vertebrate model organisms. This review will survey in vitro 2D/3D models of human satellite cells to assess skeletal muscle biology for pre-clinical investigations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (T.I.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (T.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Via Reginaldo Giuliani 195/A, 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Matrigel 3D bioprinting of contractile human skeletal muscle models recapitulating exercise and pharmacological responses. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1183. [PMID: 34650188 PMCID: PMC8516940 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A key to enhance the low translatability of preclinical drug discovery are in vitro human three-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPS). Here, we show a new method for automated engineering of 3D human skeletal muscle models in microplates and functional compound screening to address the lack of muscle wasting disease medication. To this end, we adapted our recently described 24-well plate 3D bioprinting platform with a printhead cooling system to allow microvalve-based drop-on-demand printing of cell-laden Matrigel containing primary human muscle precursor cells. Mini skeletal muscle models develop within a week exhibiting contractile, striated myofibers aligned between two attachment posts. As an in vitro exercise model, repeated high impact stimulation of contractions for 3 h by a custom-made electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) system for 24-well plates induced interleukin-6 myokine expression and Akt hypertrophy pathway activation. Furthermore, the known muscle stimulators caffeine and Tirasemtiv acutely increase EPS-induced contractile force of the models. This validated new human muscle MPS will benefit development of drugs against muscle wasting diseases. Moreover, our Matrigel 3D bioprinting platform will allow engineering of non-self-organizing complex human 3D MPS. Alave-Furrer et al adapted their recently-developed 3D bioprinting platform to allow microvalve-based drop-on-demand printing of cell-laden Matrigel containing primary human muscle precursor cells. Their bioprinting platform recapitulated aspects of exercise and pharmacological responses and thus could aid the engineering of more complex 3D microphysiological systems.
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10
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Goullée H, Taylor RL, Forrest ARR, Laing NG, Ravenscroft G, Clayton JS. Improved CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in primary human myoblasts using low confluency cultures on Matrigel. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:23. [PMID: 34551826 PMCID: PMC8456651 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CRISPR/Cas9 is an invaluable tool for studying cell biology and the development of molecular therapies. However, delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components into some cell types remains a major hurdle. Primary human myoblasts are a valuable cell model for muscle studies, but are notoriously difficult to transfect. There are currently no commercial lipofection protocols tailored for primary myoblasts, and most generic guidelines simply recommend transfecting healthy cells at high confluency. This study aimed to maximize CRISPR/Cas9 transfection and editing in primary human myoblasts. Methods Since increased cell proliferation is associated with increased transfection efficiency, we investigated two factors known to influence myoblast proliferation: cell confluency, and a basement membrane matrix, Matrigel. CRISPR/Cas9 editing was performed by delivering Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes via lipofection into primary human myoblasts, cultured in wells with or without a Matrigel coating, at low (~ 40%) or high (~ 80%) confluency. Results Cells transfected at low confluency on Matrigel-coated wells had the highest levels of transfection, and were most effectively edited across three different target loci, achieving a maximum editing efficiency of 93.8%. On average, editing under these conditions was >4-fold higher compared to commercial recommendations (high confluency, uncoated wells). Conclusion This study presents a simple, effective and economical method of maximizing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in primary human myoblasts. This protocol could be a valuable tool for improving the genetic manipulation of cultured human skeletal muscle cells, and potentially be adapted for use in other cell types. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13395-021-00278-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Goullée
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rhonda L Taylor
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Joshua S Clayton
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia. .,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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11
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Luttrell SM, Smith AST, Mack DL. Creating stem cell-derived neuromuscular junctions in vitro. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:388-403. [PMID: 34328673 PMCID: PMC9292444 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of novel therapies has improved mobility and quality of life for people suffering from inheritable neuromuscular disorders. Despite this progress, the majority of neuromuscular disorders are still incurable, in part due to a lack of predictive models of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) breakdown. Improvement of predictive models of a human NMJ would be transformative in terms of expanding our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin development, maintenance, and disease, and as a testbed with which to evaluate novel therapeutics. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are emerging as a clinically relevant and non‐invasive cell source to create human NMJs to study synaptic development and maturation, as well as disease modeling and drug discovery. This review will highlight the recent advances and remaining challenges to generating an NMJ capable of eliciting contraction of stem cell‐derived skeletal muscle in vitro. We explore the advantages and shortcomings of traditional NMJ culturing platforms, as well as the pioneering technologies and novel, biomimetic culturing systems currently in use to guide development and maturation of the neuromuscular synapse and extracellular microenvironment. Then, we will explore how this NMJ‐in‐a‐dish can be used to study normal assembly and function of the efferent portion of the neuromuscular arc, and how neuromuscular disease‐causing mutations disrupt structure, signaling, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Luttrell
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alec S T Smith
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Buchmann B, Fernández P, Bausch AR. The role of nonlinear mechanical properties of biomimetic hydrogels for organoid growth. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:021401. [PMID: 35722505 PMCID: PMC7612859 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-driven plastic remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key regulator driving cell invasion and organoid morphogenesis in 3D. While, mostly, the linear properties are reported, the nonlinear and plastic property of the used matrix is required for these processes to occur. Here, we report on the nonlinear and plastic mechanical properties of networks derived from collagen I, Matrigel, and related hybrid gels and link their mechanical response to the underlying collagen structure. We reveal the predominantly linear behavior of Matrigel over a wide range of strains and contrast this to the highly nonlinear and plastic response of collagen upon mechanical load. We show that the mechanical nonlinear response of collagen can be gradually diminished by enriching the network stepwise with Matrigel. This tunability results from the suppression of collagen polymerization in the presence of Matrigel, resulting in a collagen network structure with significant smaller mesh size and consequent contribution to the mechanical response. Thus, the nonlinear plastic properties and structure of the ECM is not simply the addition of two independent network types but depends on the exact polymerization conditions. The understanding of this interplay is key toward an understanding of the dependencies of cellular interactions with their ECM and sheds light on the nonlinear cell-ECM interaction during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Buchmann
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Physics Department and Center for Protein Assemblies CPA, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Pablo Fernández
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Physics Department and Center for Protein Assemblies CPA, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas R. Bausch
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Physics Department and Center for Protein Assemblies CPA, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
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13
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Barbeau S, Tahraoui-Bories J, Legay C, Martinat C. Building neuromuscular junctions in vitro. Development 2020; 147:147/22/dev193920. [PMID: 33199350 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been the model of choice to understand the principles of communication at chemical synapses. Following groundbreaking experiments carried out over 60 years ago, many studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiology of these synapses. This Review summarizes the progress made to date towards obtaining faithful models of NMJs in vitro We provide a historical approach discussing initial experiments investigating NMJ development and function from Xenopus to mice, the creation of chimeric co-cultures, in vivo approaches and co-culture methods from ex vivo and in vitro derived cells, as well as the most recent developments to generate human NMJs. We discuss the benefits of these techniques and the challenges to be addressed in the future for promoting our understanding of development and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Barbeau
- Université de Paris, CNRS, SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Julie Tahraoui-Bories
- INSERM/UEPS UMR 861, Paris Saclay Université, I-STEM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Claire Legay
- Université de Paris, CNRS, SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Martinat
- INSERM/UEPS UMR 861, Paris Saclay Université, I-STEM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
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14
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Ergene E, Sezlev Bilecen D, Kaya B, Yilgor Huri P, Hasirci V. 3D cellular alignment and biomimetic mechanical stimulation enhance human adipose-derived stem cell myogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:055017. [PMID: 32442983 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab95e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Determination of a stem cell source with sufficient myogenic differentiation capacity that can be easily obtained in large quantities is of great importance in skeletal muscle regeneration therapies. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are readily available, can be isolated from fat tissue with high yield and possess myogenic differentiation capacity. Consequently, ASCs have high applicability in muscle regenerative therapies. However, a key challenge is their low differentiation efficiency. In this study, we have explored the potential of mimicking the natural microenvironment of the skeletal muscle tissue to enhance ASC myogenesis by inducing 3D cellular alignment and using dynamic biomimetic culture. ASCs were entrapped and 3D aligned in parallel within fibrin-based microfibers and subjected to uniaxial cyclic stretch. 3D cell alignment was shown to be necessary for achieving and maintaining the stiffness of the construct mimicking the natural tissue (12 ± 1 kPa), where acellular aligned fibers and cell-laden random fibers had stiffness values of 4 ± 1 and 5 ± 2 kPa, respectively, at the end of 21 d. The synergistic effect of 3D cell alignment and biomimetic dynamic culture was evaluated on cell proliferation, viability and the expression of muscle-specific markers (immunofluorescent staining for MyoD1, myogenin, desmin and myosin heavy chain). It was shown that the myogenic markers were only expressed on the aligned-dynamic culture samples on day 21 of dynamic culture. These results demonstrate that 3D skeletal muscle grafts can be developed using ASCs by mimicking the structural and physiological muscle microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ergene
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University Faculty of Engineering, Ankara, Turkey. Ankara University Biotechnology Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Casas-Fraile L, Cornelis FM, Costamagna D, Rico A, Duelen R, Sampaolesi MM, López de Munain A, Lories RJ, Sáenz A. Frizzled related protein deficiency impairs muscle strength, gait and calpain 3 levels. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:119. [PMID: 32448375 PMCID: PMC7245871 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy recessive 1 calpain3-related (LGMDR1), previously known as LGMD2A, is a disease caused by mutations in the CAPN3 gene. It is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle degeneration. Frizzled related protein (FRZB), upregulated in LGMDR1, was identified as a key regulator of the crosstalk between Wnt and integrin signalling pathways. FRZB gene silencing showed a recovery in the expression of some of the costamere protein levels in myotubes. Results Here, we performed a comprehensive characterization of Frzb−/− mice muscles to study the absence of Frzb in skeletal muscle and eventual links with the molecular characteristics of LGMDR1 patient muscles. Frzb−/− mice showed reduced muscle size and strength. Gait analysis showed that Frzb−/− mice moved more slowly but no impaired regeneration capacity was observed after muscle injury. Additionally, Frzb−/− mice muscle showed an increased number of mesoangioblasts. Lack of Frzb gene in Frzb−/− mice and its increased expression in LGMDR1 patients, showed contrary regulation of Rora, Slc16a1, Tfrc and Capn3 genes. The reciprocal regulation of Frzb and Capn3 genes further supports this axis as a potential target for LGMDR1 patients. Conclusions Our data confirm a role for Frzb in the regulation of Rora, Slc16a1, Tfrc, and Capn3 genes in muscle cells. In vivo, reduced muscle strength and gait in the Frzb−/− mice are intriguing features. The reciprocal relationship between FRZB and CAPN3 further supports a key role for this axis in patients with LGMDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Casas-Fraile
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurosciences Area, San Sebastian, Spain.,Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, Carlos III Health Institute, CIBER, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederique M Cornelis
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Domiziana Costamagna
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anabel Rico
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurosciences Area, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Robin Duelen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurilio M Sampaolesi
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Human Anatomy Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurosciences Area, San Sebastian, Spain.,Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, Carlos III Health Institute, CIBER, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Rik J Lories
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amets Sáenz
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurosciences Area, San Sebastian, Spain. .,Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, Carlos III Health Institute, CIBER, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Liu D, Pavathuparambil Abdul Manaph N, Al-Hawwas M, Bobrovskaya L, Xiong LL, Zhou XF. Coating Materials for Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Culture and Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:463-474. [PMID: 32106778 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have a potential to treat various neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and Spinal Cord Injury. However, the limitation of NSPC sources and the difficulty to maintain their stemness or to differentiate them into specific therapeutic cells are the main hurdles for clinical research and application. Thus, for obtaining a therapeutically relevant number of NSPCs in vitro, it is important to understand factors regulating their behaviors and to establish a protocol for stable NSPC proliferation and differentiation. Coating materials for cell culture, such as Matrigel, laminin, collagen, and other coating materials, can significantly affect NSPC characteristics. This article provides a review of coating materials for NSPC culturing in both two dimensions and three dimensions, and their functions in NSPC proliferation and differentiation, and presents a useful guide to select coating materials for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Csapo R, Gumpenberger M, Wessner B. Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix - What Do We Know About Its Composition, Regulation, and Physiological Roles? A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:253. [PMID: 32265741 PMCID: PMC7096581 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle represents the largest body-composition component in humans. In addition to its primary function in the maintenance of upright posture and the production of movement, it also plays important roles in many other physiological processes, including thermogenesis, metabolism and the secretion of peptides for communication with other tissues. Research attempting to unveil these processes has traditionally focused on muscle fibers, i.e., the contractile muscle cells. However, it is a frequently overlooked fact that muscle fibers reside in a three-dimensional scaffolding that consists of various collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and elastin, and is commonly referred to as extracellular matrix (ECM). While initially believed to be relatively inert, current research reveals the involvement of ECM cells in numerous important physiological processes. In interaction with other cells, such as fibroblasts or cells of the immune system, the ECM regulates muscle development, growth and repair and is essential for effective muscle contraction and force transmission. Since muscle ECM is highly malleable, its texture and, consequently, physiological roles may be affected by physical training and disuse, aging or various diseases, such as diabetes. With the aim to stimulate increased efforts to study this still poorly understood tissue, this narrative review summarizes the current body of knowledge on (i) the composition and structure of the ECM, (ii) molecular pathways involved in ECM remodeling, (iii) the physiological roles of muscle ECM, (iv) dysregulations of ECM with aging and disease as well as (v) the adaptations of muscle ECM to training and disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Csapo
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Austria
| | - Matthias Gumpenberger
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Department of Sports Medicine, Exercise Physiology and Prevention, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Del Bakhshayesh AR, Asadi N, Alihemmati A, Tayefi Nasrabadi H, Montaseri A, Davaran S, Saghati S, Akbarzadeh A, Abedelahi A. An overview of advanced biocompatible and biomimetic materials for creation of replacement structures in the musculoskeletal systems: focusing on cartilage tissue engineering. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:85. [PMID: 31754372 PMCID: PMC6854707 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering, as an interdisciplinary approach, is seeking to create tissues with optimal performance for clinical applications. Various factors, including cells, biomaterials, cell or tissue culture conditions and signaling molecules such as growth factors, play a vital role in the engineering of tissues. In vivo microenvironment of cells imposes complex and specific stimuli on the cells, and has a direct effect on cellular behavior, including proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. Therefore, to create appropriate tissues, the conditions of the natural environment around the cells should be well imitated. Therefore, researchers are trying to develop biomimetic scaffolds that can produce appropriate cellular responses. To achieve this, we need to know enough about biomimetic materials. Scaffolds made of biomaterials in musculoskeletal tissue engineering should also be multifunctional in order to be able to function better in mechanical properties, cell signaling and cell adhesion. Multiple combinations of different biomaterials are used to improve above-mentioned properties of various biomaterials and to better imitate the natural features of musculoskeletal tissue in the culture medium. These improvements ultimately lead to the creation of replacement structures in the musculoskeletal system, which are closer to natural tissues in terms of appearance and function. The present review article is focused on biocompatible and biomimetic materials, which are used in musculoskeletal tissue engineering, in particular, cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahideh Asadi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Montaseri
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Saghati
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Molecular analysis of muscle progenitor cells on extracellular matrix coatings and hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:296-309. [PMID: 31415920 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of an ex vivo culture system to expand satellite cells, the resident muscle stem cell population, will be necessary for the development of their use as therapeutics. The loss of the niche environment is often cited as the reason that culture results in both the loss of myogenic potential and low re-engraftment rates of these cells. Studies have shown that culture of satellite cells on more elastic substrates maintained their quiescence and potential and increased re-engraftment, but there was limited proliferation. We examined whether substrates composed of extracellular matrix proteins, as either coatings or hydrogels, could support expansion of this population whilst maintaining the potency of these cells. The collagen based hydrogels were very pliant and our studies demonstrate that stiffer substrates are necessary for in vitro proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells, and the ECM composition was not significantly important. Our data further indicates that culture on highly elastic substrates allowed satellite cells to down-regulate myogenic specific transcription factors, resulting in an expression profile similar to a Galert state. These satellite cells could be subsequently cultured on Matrigel and induced to differentiate. Proliferation and gene expression data further indicated that C2C12 cells are not a good proxy for studies of satellite cell proliferation and differentiation on alternative substrates. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although biomaterials and muscle stem cell-based therapeutics for muscle loss due to trauma and disease have been studied intensely for the last decade, significant challenges remain; satellite cells lose their myogenic potential after in vitro culture, and do not re-engraft efficiently when delivered to skeletal muscle. We cultured adult mouse derived satellite cells and C2C12 cells on biomimetic, extracellular matrix based, hydrogels and coated plates and carried out a detailed analysis of proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. These studies were designed to allow for the examination of the roles of both matrix composition and elasticity. The data demonstrated that satellite cells were most affected by elasticity. Examining the expression of lineage and cell cycle specific genes provided important insight into the behavior of both cell types, and point to fundamental differences that affect the interpretation of studies aimed at understanding the in vitro requirements of muscle progenitor cells. Understanding how satellite cells respond to various biochemical and biophysical cues at the molecular level will inform future efforts to design therapeutics for muscle regeneration.
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20
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Natarajan A, Sethumadhavan A, Krishnan UM. Toward Building the Neuromuscular Junction: In Vitro Models To Study Synaptogenesis and Neurodegeneration. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12969-12977. [PMID: 31460423 PMCID: PMC6682064 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a unique, specialized chemical synapse that plays a crucial role in transmitting and amplifying information from spinal motor neurons to skeletal muscles. NMJ complexity ensures closely intertwined interactions between numerous synaptic vesicles, signaling molecules, ion channels, motor neurons, glia, and muscle fibers, making it difficult to dissect the underlying mechanisms and factors affecting neurodegeneration and muscle loss. Muscle fiber or motor neuron cell death followed by rapid axonal degeneration due to injury or disease has a debilitating effect on movement and behavior, which adversely affects the quality of life. It thus becomes imperative to study the synapse and intercellular signaling processes that regulate plasticity at the NMJ and elucidate mechanisms and pathways at the cellular level. Studies using in vitro 2D cell cultures have allowed us to gain a fundamental understanding of how the NMJ functions. However, they do not provide information on the intricate signaling networks that exist between NMJs and the biological environment. The advent of 3D cell cultures and microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies has opened whole new avenues to explore the NMJ. In this perspective, we look at the challenges involved in building a functional NMJ and the progress made in generating models for studying the NMJ, highlighting the current and future applications of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Natarajan
- Centre
for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical
& Biotechnology, and School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Anjali Sethumadhavan
- Centre
for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical
& Biotechnology, and School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre
for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical
& Biotechnology, and School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
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21
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Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells in Matrigel Impacts the Regeneration of Severely Damaged Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133313. [PMID: 31284492 PMCID: PMC6651806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In case of large injuries of skeletal muscles the pool of endogenous stem cells, i.e., satellite cells, might be not sufficient to secure proper regeneration. Such failure in reconstruction is often associated with loss of muscle mass and excessive formation of connective tissue. Therapies aiming to improve skeletal muscle regeneration and prevent fibrosis may rely on the transplantation of different types of stem cell. Among such cells are adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) which are relatively easy to isolate, culture, and manipulate. Our study aimed to verify applicability of ADSCs in the therapies of severely injured skeletal muscles. We tested whether 3D structures obtained from Matrigel populated with ADSCs and transplanted to regenerating mouse gastrocnemius muscles could improve the regeneration. In addition, ADSCs used in this study were pretreated with myoblasts-conditioned medium or anti-TGFβ antibody, i.e., the factors modifying their ability to proliferate, migrate, or differentiate. Analyses performed one week after injury allowed us to show the impact of 3D cultured control and pretreated ADSCs at muscle mass and structure, as well as fibrosis development immune response of the injured muscle.
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22
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Patel KH, Dunn AJ, Talovic M, Haas GJ, Marcinczyk M, Elmashhady H, Kalaf EG, Sell SA, Garg K. Aligned nanofibers of decellularized muscle ECM support myogenic activity in primary satellite cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:035010. [PMID: 30812025 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab0b06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a loss of over ∼10% of muscle mass that results in functional impairment. Although skeletal muscle possesses the ability to repair and regenerate itself following minor injuries, VML injuries are irrecoverable. Currently, there are no successful clinical therapies for the treatment of VML. Previous studies have treated VML defects with decellularized extracellular matrix (D-ECM) scaffolds derived from either pig urinary bladder or small intestinal submucosa. These therapies were unsuccessful due to the poor mechanical stability of D-ECM leading to quick degradation in vivo. To circumvent these issues, in this manuscript aligned nanofibers of D-ECM were created using electrospinning that mimicked native muscle architecture and provided topographical cues to primary satellite cells. Additionally, combining D-ECM with polycaprolactone (PCL) improved the tensile mechanical properties of the electrospun scaffold. In vitro testing shows that the electrospun scaffold with aligned nanofibers of PCL and D-ECM supports satellite cell growth, myogenic protein expression, and myokine production.
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23
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Singh T, Vazquez M. Time-Dependent Addition of Neuronal and Schwann Cells Increase Myotube Viability and Length in an In Vitro Tri-culture Model of the Neuromuscular Junction. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Sun P, Jia K, Zheng C, Zhu X, Li J, He L, Siwko S, Xue F, Liu M, Luo J. Loss of Lgr4 inhibits differentiation, migration and apoptosis, and promotes proliferation in bone mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10855-10867. [PMID: 30536377 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The key signaling networks regulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are poorly defined. Lgr4, which belongs to the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor (LGR) family, is widely expressed in multiple tissues from early embryogenesis to adulthood. We investigated whether Lgr4 functions in BMSCs and in osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and skeletal myoblasts, using mice with a β-geo gene trap inserted into the Lgr4 gene. Abundant Lgr4 expression was detected in skeletal, adipose and muscular tissue of Lgr4+/- mice at E16.5 by β-gal staining, and Lgr4-deficiency promoted BMSC proliferation (16 ± 4 in wild-type [WT] and 28 ± 2 in Lgr4-/- ) using colony forming units-fibroblast assay, while suppressing BMSC migration (from 103 ± 18 in WT to 57 ± 10 in Lgr4-/- ) by transwell migration assay and apoptosis ratio (from 0.0720 ± 0.0123 to 0.0189 ± 0.0051) by annexin V staining assay. Deletion of Lgr4 decreased bone mass (BV/TV from 19.16 ± 2.14 in WT mice to 10.36 ± 1.96 in KO) and fat mass through inhibiting BMSC differentiation to osteoblasts or adipocytes. Furthermore, LGR4-regulated osteogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic gene expression. Importantly, our data showed that loss of Lgr4-inhibited fracture healing by suppressing osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, deletion of Lgr4 in BMSCs-delayed fracture healing following stem cell therapy by BMSC transplantation. Together, our results demonstrated that LGR4 is essential for mesoderm-derived tissue development and BMSC differentiation, demonstrating that LGR4 could be a promising drug target for related diseases and a critical protein for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunhang Jia
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunbing Zheng
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlei Zhu
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang He
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefan Siwko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Feng Xue
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Nguyen BH, Ishii M, Maxson RE, Wang J. Culturing and Manipulation of O9-1 Neural Crest Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30371662 DOI: 10.3791/58346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are migrating multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into different cell types and give rise to multiple tissues and organs. The O9-1 cell line is derived from the endogenous mouse embryonic NCCs and maintains its multipotency. However, under specific culture conditions, O9-1 cells can differentiate into different cell types and be utilized in a wide range of research applications. Recently, with the combination of mouse studies and O9-1 cell studies, we have shown that the Hippo signaling pathway effectors Yap and Taz play important roles in neural crest-derived craniofacial development. Although the culturing process for O9-1 cells is more complicated than that used for other cell lines, the O9-1 cell line is a powerful model for investigating NCCs in vitro. Here, we present a protocol for culturing the O9-1 cell line to maintain its stemness, as well as protocols for differentiating O9-1 cells into different cell types, such as smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts. In addition, protocols are described for performing gene loss-of-function studies in O9-1 cells by using CRISPR-Cas9 deletion and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao H Nguyen
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Mamoru Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California
| | - Robert E Maxson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California;
| | - Jun Wang
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine;
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26
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Takahashi H, Shimizu T, Okano T. Engineered Human Contractile Myofiber Sheets as a Platform for Studies of Skeletal Muscle Physiology. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13932. [PMID: 30224737 PMCID: PMC6141563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle physiology and the mechanisms of muscle diseases can be effectively studied by an in-vitro tissue model produced by muscle tissue engineering. Engineered human cell-based tissues are required more than ever because of the advantages they bring as tissue models in research studies. This study reports on a production method of a human skeletal myofiber sheet that demonstrates biomimetic properties including the aligned structure of myofibers, basement membrane-like structure of the extracellular matrix, and unidirectional contractile ability. The contractile ability and drug responsibility shown in this study indicate that this engineered muscle tissue has potential as a human cell-based tissue model for clinically relevant in-vitro studies in muscle physiology and drug discovery. Moreover, this engineered tissue can be used to better understand the relationships between mechanical stress and myogenesis, including muscle growth and regeneration. In this study, periodic exercise induced by continuous electrical pulse stimulation enhanced the contractile ability of the engineered myofibers and the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the exercising myofibers. Since the physiology of skeletal muscle is directly related to mechanical stress, these features point to application as a tissue model and platform for future biological studies of skeletal muscle including muscle metabolism, muscle atrophy and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Shima A, Morimoto Y, Sweeney HL, Takeuchi S. Three-dimensional contractile muscle tissue consisting of human skeletal myocyte cell line. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:168-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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28
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Maleiner B, Tomasch J, Heher P, Spadiut O, Rünzler D, Fuchs C. The Importance of Biophysical and Biochemical Stimuli in Dynamic Skeletal Muscle Models. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1130. [PMID: 30246791 PMCID: PMC6113794 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical approaches to engineer skeletal muscle tissue based on current regenerative and surgical procedures still do not meet the desired outcome for patient applications. Besides the evident need to create functional skeletal muscle tissue for the repair of volumetric muscle defects, there is also growing demand for platforms to study muscle-related diseases, such as muscular dystrophies or sarcopenia. Currently, numerous studies exist that have employed a variety of biomaterials, cell types and strategies for maturation of skeletal muscle tissue in 2D and 3D environments. However, researchers are just at the beginning of understanding the impact of different culture settings and their biochemical (growth factors and chemical changes) and biophysical cues (mechanical properties) on myogenesis. With this review we intend to emphasize the need for new in vitro skeletal muscle (disease) models to better recapitulate important structural and functional aspects of muscle development. We highlight the importance of choosing appropriate system components, e.g., cell and biomaterial type, structural and mechanical matrix properties or culture format, and how understanding their interplay will enable researchers to create optimized platforms to investigate myogenesis in healthy and diseased tissue. Thus, we aim to deliver guidelines for experimental designs to allow estimation of the potential influence of the selected skeletal muscle tissue engineering setup on the myogenic outcome prior to their implementation. Moreover, we offer a workflow to facilitate identifying and selecting different analytical tools to demonstrate the successful creation of functional skeletal muscle tissue. Ultimately, a refinement of existing strategies will lead to further progression in understanding important aspects of muscle diseases, muscle aging and muscle regeneration to improve quality of life of patients and enable the establishment of new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Maleiner
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janine Tomasch
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Heher
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Trauma Care Consult GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Rünzler
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Čunderlíková B, Filová B, Kajo K, Vallová M, Balázsiová Z, Trnka M, Mateašík A. Extracellular matrix affects different aspects of cell behaviour potentially involved in response to aminolevulinic acid-based photoinactivation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 189:283-291. [PMID: 30439643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional cell cultures do not seem to be reliable models for anticancer drug discovery and validation. Numerous in vitro tumour models of different complexity have been evaluated with the aim to enhance anticancer drug development, but whether all these models could be considered as physiologically relevant is a question. Even type of the extracellular matrix may markedly influence experimental results and supposedly also clinical treatment outcome. By using three human oesophageal cell lines and three-dimensional cultures based on collagen type I, abundant component of stromal tissue, and Matrigel, a surrogate of basement membrane, we tested the impact of extracellular matrix on different aspects of cell behaviour. We applied live cell fluorescence confocal microscopy in combination with image analysis and supplemented it with immunohistochemical analysis of differentiation markers in fixed samples. We found that cell morphogenesis, differentiation, extracellular vesicle formation, protoporphyrin IX production from aminolevulinic acid and response to subsequent photodynamic intervention induced by red light may be affected by the type of extracellular matrix and these modifications occur in a cell-type dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that the choice of the correct extracellular matrix for in vitro tumour models is crucial for gathering clinically relevant information from in vitro experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Čunderlíková
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; International Laser Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Barbora Filová
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia; Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Vallová
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Balázsiová
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Trnka
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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30
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Khodabukus A, Prabhu N, Wang J, Bursac N. In Vitro Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Models for Studying Muscle Physiology and Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701498. [PMID: 29696831 PMCID: PMC6105407 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Healthy skeletal muscle possesses the extraordinary ability to regenerate in response to small-scale injuries; however, this self-repair capacity becomes overwhelmed with aging, genetic myopathies, and large muscle loss. The failure of small animal models to accurately replicate human muscle disease, injury and to predict clinically-relevant drug responses has driven the development of high fidelity in vitro skeletal muscle models. Herein, the progress made and challenges ahead in engineering biomimetic human skeletal muscle tissues that can recapitulate muscle development, genetic diseases, regeneration, and drug response is discussed. Bioengineering approaches used to improve engineered muscle structure and function as well as the functionality of satellite cells to allow modeling muscle regeneration in vitro are also highlighted. Next, a historical overview on the generation of skeletal muscle cells and tissues from human pluripotent stem cells, and a discussion on the potential of these approaches to model and treat genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is provided. Finally, the need to integrate multiorgan microphysiological systems to generate improved drug discovery technologies with the potential to complement or supersede current preclinical animal models of muscle disease is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Neel Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
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31
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Morimoto Y, Onoe H, Takeuchi S. Biohybrid robot powered by an antagonistic pair of skeletal muscle tissues. Sci Robot 2018; 3:3/18/eaat4440. [DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aat4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Shahini A, Vydiam K, Choudhury D, Rajabian N, Nguyen T, Lei P, Andreadis ST. Efficient and high yield isolation of myoblasts from skeletal muscle. Stem Cell Res 2018; 30:122-129. [PMID: 29879622 PMCID: PMC6090567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) regeneration relies on the activity of myogenic progenitors that reside beneath the basal lamina of myofibers. Here, we describe a protocol for the isolation of the SkM progenitors from young and old mice by exploiting their outgrowth potential from SkM explants on matrigel coated dishes in the presence of high serum, chicken embryo extract and basic fibroblast growth factor. Compared to other protocols, this method yields a higher number of myoblasts (10-20 million) by enabling the outgrowth of these cells from tissue fragments. The majority of outgrowth cells (~90%) were positive for myogenic markers such as α7-integrin, MyoD, and Desmin. The myogenic cell population could be purified to 98% with one round of pre-plating on collagen coated dishes, where differential attachment of fibroblasts and other non-myogenic progenitors separates them from myoblasts. Moreover, the combination of high serum medium and matrigel coating provided a proliferation advantage to myogenic cells, which expanded rapidly (~24 h population doubling), while non-myogenic cells diminished over time, thereby eliminating the need for further purification steps such as FACS sorting. Finally, myogenic progenitors gave rise to multinucleated myotubes that exhibited sarcomeres and spontaneous beating in the culture dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shahini
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Kalyan Vydiam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Debanik Choudhury
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Nika Rajabian
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Thy Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Pedro Lei
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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33
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Recapitulation of Extracellular LAMININ Environment Maintains Stemness of Satellite Cells In Vitro. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:568-582. [PMID: 29337118 PMCID: PMC5830886 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells function as precursor cells in mature skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. In healthy tissue, these cells are maintained in a state of quiescence by a microenvironment formed by myofibers and basement membrane in which LAMININs (LMs) form a major component. In the present study, we evaluated the satellite cell microenvironment in vivo and found that these cells are encapsulated by LMα2–5. We sought to recapitulate this satellite cell niche in vitro by culturing satellite cells in the presence of recombinant LM-E8 fragments. We show that treatment with LM-E8 promotes proliferation of satellite cells in an undifferentiated state, through reduced phosphorylation of JNK and p38. On transplantation into injured muscle tissue, satellite cells cultured with LM-E8 promoted the regeneration of skeletal muscle. These findings represent an efficient method of culturing satellite cells for use in transplantation through the recapitulation of the satellite cell niche using recombinant LM-E8 fragments. Satellite cells are encapsulated by LMα2–5 LM-E8 promotes proliferation of satellite cells in an undifferentiated state Satellite cells cultured with LM-E8 enhanced the regeneration of skeletal muscle
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34
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Osaki T, Shin Y, Sivathanu V, Campisi M, Kamm RD. In Vitro Microfluidic Models for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28881425 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices enable novel means of emulating neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology in vitro. These organ-on-a-chip systems can potentially reduce animal testing and substitute (or augment) simple 2D culture systems. Reconstituting critical features of neurodegenerative diseases in a biomimetic system using microfluidics can thereby accelerate drug discovery and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of several currently incurable diseases. This review describes latest advances in modeling neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. First, this study summarizes fundamental advantages of microfluidic devices in the creation of compartmentalized cell culture microenvironments for the co-culture of neurons, glial cells, endothelial cells, and skeletal muscle cells and in their recapitulation of spatiotemporal chemical gradients and mechanical microenvironments. Then, this reviews neurodegenerative-disease-on-a-chip models focusing on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, this study discusses about current drawbacks of these models and strategies that may overcome them. These organ-on-chip technologies can be useful to be the first line of testing line in drug development and toxicology studies, which can contribute significantly to minimize the phase of animal testing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Osaki
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institutes of Technology 500 Technology Square MIT Building, Room NE47‐321 Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yoojin Shin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institutes of Technology 500 Technology Square MIT Building, Room NE47‐321 Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Vivek Sivathanu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institutes of Technology 500 Technology Square MIT Building, Room NE47‐321 Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Marco Campisi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringPolitecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institutes of Technology 500 Technology Square MIT Building, Room NE47‐321 Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institutes of Technology 500 Technology Square, MIT Building, Room NE47‐321 Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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35
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Jiwlawat S, Lynch E, Glaser J, Smit-Oistad I, Jeffrey J, Van Dyke JM, Suzuki M. Differentiation and sarcomere formation in skeletal myocytes directly prepared from human induced pluripotent stem cells using a sphere-based culture. Differentiation 2017; 96:70-81. [PMID: 28915407 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising resource for propagation of myogenic progenitors. Our group recently reported a unique protocol for the derivation of myogenic progenitors directly (without genetic modification) from human pluripotent cells using free-floating spherical culture. Here we expand our previous efforts and attempt to determine how differentiation duration, culture surface coatings, and nutrient supplements in the medium influence progenitor differentiation and formation of skeletal myotubes containing sarcomeric structures. A long differentiation period (over 6 weeks) promoted the differentiation of iPSC-derived myogenic progenitors and subsequent myotube formation. These iPSC-derived myotubes contained representative sarcomeric structures, consisting of organized myosin and actin filaments, and could spontaneously contract. We also found that a bioengineering approach using three-dimensional (3D) artificial muscle constructs could facilitate the formation of elongated myotubes. Lastly, we determined how culture surface coating matrices and different supplements would influence terminal differentiation. While both Matrigel and laminin coatings showed comparable effects on muscle differentiation, B27 serum-free supplement in the differentiation medium significantly enhanced myogenesis compared to horse serum. Our findings support the possibility to create an in vitro model of contractile sarcomeric myofibrils for disease modeling and drug screening to study neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowanee Jiwlawat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eileen Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Glaser
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ivy Smit-Oistad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy Jeffrey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan M Van Dyke
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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36
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Fasolino I, Guarino V, Cirillo V, Ambrosio L. 5-Azacytidine-mediated hMSC behavior on electrospun scaffolds for skeletal muscle regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2551-2561. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Fasolino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials; National Research Council of Italy; Mostra D'Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le J.F. Keneedy 54 80125 Naples Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials; National Research Council of Italy; Mostra D'Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le J.F. Keneedy 54 80125 Naples Italy
| | - Valentina Cirillo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials; National Research Council of Italy; Mostra D'Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le J.F. Keneedy 54 80125 Naples Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials; National Research Council of Italy; Mostra D'Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le J.F. Keneedy 54 80125 Naples Italy
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37
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Pollot BE, Rathbone CR, Wenke JC, Guda T. Natural polymeric hydrogel evaluation for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:672-679. [PMID: 28306190 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to repair/regenerate after most types of injuries, there is limited regeneration after volumetric muscle loss (VML). A number of scaffold materials have been used in the development of grafts to treat VML, however, there is still a need to better understand the most appropriate material with regards to its ability to maintain mechanical integrity while also supporting myogenesis. Five commonly used natural polymeric materials (Collagen I, Agarose, Alginate, Fibrin, and Collagen Chitosan) used in skeletal muscle tissue engineering grafts were evaluated for their mechanical properties and myogenic capacity. Rheological properties, water absorption rates, degradation stability, tensile characteristics, and the ability to support in vitro myogenesis were compared in all five materials. Collagen, Collagen Chitosan, and Fibrin demonstrated high elasticity and 100% stretch without failure, Agarose was the most brittle (20% max stretch), and Alginate demonstrated poor handleabilty. While Collagen was supportive of myogenesis, overall, Fibrin demonstrated the highest myogenic potential as indicated by the earliest and highest increases in myogenin and myosin heavy chain mRNA in satellite cells along with the most extensive myotube development as evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The findings herein support the notion that under the conditions used in this study, Fibrin is the most suitable scaffold for the development of scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Future studies are required to determine whether the differences in mechanical properties and myogenic potential observed in vitro in the current study translate to better skeletal muscle development in a VML injury model. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 672-679, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E Pollot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas, 78249.,Extremity Trauma & Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234
| | - Christopher R Rathbone
- Extremity Trauma & Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234
| | - Joseph C Wenke
- Extremity Trauma & Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas, 78249
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38
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Penton CM, Badarinarayana V, Prisco J, Powers E, Pincus M, Allen RE, August PR. Laminin 521 maintains differentiation potential of mouse and human satellite cell-derived myoblasts during long-term culture expansion. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:44. [PMID: 27964750 PMCID: PMC5154152 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large-scale expansion of myogenic progenitors is necessary to support the development of high-throughput cellular assays in vitro and to advance genetic engineering approaches necessary to develop cellular therapies for rare muscle diseases. However, optimization has not been performed in order to maintain the differentiation capacity of myogenic cells undergoing long-term cell culture. Multiple extracellular matrices have been utilized for myogenic cell studies, but it remains unclear how different matrices influence long-term myogenic activity in culture. To address this challenge, we have evaluated multiple extracellular matrices in myogenic studies over long-term expansion. Methods We evaluated the consequence of propagating mouse and human myogenic stem cell progenitors on various extracellular matrices to determine if they could enhance long-term myogenic potential. For the first time reported, we comprehensively examine the effect of physiologically relevant laminins, laminin 211 and laminin 521, compared to traditionally utilized ECMs (e.g., laminin 111, gelatin, and Matrigel) to assess their capacity to preserve myogenic differentiation potential. Results Laminin 521 supported increased proliferation in early phases of expansion and was the only substrate facilitating high-level fusion following eight passages in mouse myoblast cell cultures. In human myoblast cell cultures, laminin 521 supported increased proliferation during expansion and superior differentiation with myotube hypertrophy. Counterintuitively however, laminin 211, the native laminin isoform in resting skeletal muscle, resulted in low proliferation and poor differentiation in mouse and human cultures. Matrigel performed excellent in short-term mouse studies but showed high amounts of variability following long-term expansion. Conclusions These results demonstrate laminin 521 is a superior substrate for both short-term and long-term myogenic cell culture applications compared to other commonly utilized substrates. Since Matrigel cannot be used for clinical applications, we propose that laminin 521 could possibly be employed in the future to provide myoblasts for cellular therapy directed clinical studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-016-0116-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Penton
- Discovery Biology, Tucson Innovation Center, Icagen, Oro Valley, AZ, 85755, USA.
| | | | - Joy Prisco
- Discovery Biology, Tucson Innovation Center, Sanofi, Oro Valley, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Elaine Powers
- Discovery Biology, Tucson Innovation Center, Sanofi, Oro Valley, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Mark Pincus
- Discovery Biology, Tucson Innovation Center, Icagen, Oro Valley, AZ, 85755, USA
| | - Ronald E Allen
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Paul R August
- Discovery Biology, Tucson Innovation Center, Icagen, Oro Valley, AZ, 85755, USA.
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39
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Accorsi A, Kumar A, Rhee Y, Miller A, Girgenrath M. IGF-1/GH axis enhances losartan treatment in Lama2-related muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4624–4634. [PMID: 27798092 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As the complexities of dystrophic pathology have been elucidated over the last few years, it has become increasingly clear that primary monogenetic defects result in multiple secondary pathologies capable of autonomously driving disease progression. Consequently, single-mode therapies fail to comprehensively ameliorate all aspects of pathology. Lama2-related muscular dystrophy (MDC1A) is a devastating congenital muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene that results in multi-faceted secondary pathologies that include inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and necrosis leading to severe muscle weakness and minimal postnatal growth. This study sought to implement a novel combinatorial treatment utilizing losartan, previously shown to ameliorate fibrosis and inflammation in conjunction with transgenic IGF-1 overexpression to improve postnatal growth. We found that dual-therapy rescued inflammation and fibrosis, improved weight gain, and led to remarkable restoration of muscle architecture and locomotory function in DyW mice (mouse model of MDC1A). We further showed using murine growth hormone that postnatal intervention with both therapies also yielded impressive amelioration of dystrophic pathology. Our results suggest for the first time that a combinatorial anti-fibrotic and pro-myogenic therapy could be the foundation of future therapies to a population of afflicted children in serious need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Accorsi
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA
| | - Younghwa Rhee
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alex Miller
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mahasweta Girgenrath
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA
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40
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Heidari Kani M, Chan EC, Young RC, Butler T, Smith R, Paul JW. 3D Cell Culturing and Possibilities for Myometrial Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:1746-1757. [PMID: 27770218 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research insights into uterine function and the mechanisms of labour have been hindered by the lack of suitable animal and cellular models. The use of traditional culturing methods limits the exploration of complex uterine functions, such as cell interactions, connectivity and contractile behaviour, as it fails to mimic the three-dimensional (3D) nature of uterine cell interactions in vivo. Animal models are an option, however, use of these models is constrained by ethical considerations as well as translational limitations to humans. Evidence indicates that these limitations can be overcome by using 3D culture systems, or 3D Bioprinters, to model the in vivo cytological architecture of the tissue in an in vitro environment. 3D cultured or 3D printed cells can be used to form an artificial tissue. This artificial tissue can not only be used as an appropriate model in which to study cellular function and organisation, but could also be used for regenerative medicine purposes including organ or tissue transplantation, organ donation and obstetric care. The current review describes recent developments in cell culture that can facilitate the development of myometrial 3D structures and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Heidari Kani
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. .,Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre of Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Eng-Cheng Chan
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.,Priority Research Centre of Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Roger C Young
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Trent Butler
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.,Priority Research Centre of Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Roger Smith
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.,Priority Research Centre of Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Jonathan W Paul
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.,Priority Research Centre of Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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41
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Bursac N, Juhas M, Rando TA. Synergizing Engineering and Biology to Treat and Model Skeletal Muscle Injury and Disease. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 17:217-42. [PMID: 26643021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle is one of the most regenerative organs in our body, various genetic defects, alterations in extrinsic signaling, or substantial tissue damage can impair muscle function and the capacity for self-repair. The diversity and complexity of muscle disorders have attracted much interest from both cell biologists and, more recently, bioengineers, leading to concentrated efforts to better understand muscle pathology and develop more efficient therapies. This review describes the biological underpinnings of muscle development, repair, and disease, and discusses recent bioengineering efforts to design and control myomimetic environments, both to study muscle biology and function and to aid in the development of new drug, cell, and gene therapies for muscle disorders. The synergy between engineering-aided biological discovery and biology-inspired engineering solutions will be the path forward for translating laboratory results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708;
| | - Mark Juhas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708;
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Rehabilitation Research & Development Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
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42
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Garg K, Boppart MD. Influence of exercise and aging on extracellular matrix composition in the skeletal muscle stem cell niche. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:1053-1058. [PMID: 27539500 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00594.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is endowed with a remarkable capacity for regeneration, primarily due to the reserve pool of muscle resident satellite cells. The satellite cell is the physiologically quiescent muscle stem cell that resides beneath the basal lamina and adjacent to the sarcolemma. The anatomic location of satellite cells is in close proximity to vasculature where they interact with other muscle resident stem/stromal cells (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells and pericytes) through paracrine mechanisms. This mini-review describes the components of the muscle stem cell niche, as well as the influence of exercise and aging on the muscle stem cell niche. Although exercise promotes ECM reorganization and stem cell accumulation, aging is associated with dense ECM deposition and loss of stem cell function resulting in reduced regenerative capacity and strength. An improved understanding of the niche elements will be valuable to inform the development of therapeutic interventions aimed at improving skeletal muscle regeneration and adaptation over the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyal Garg
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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43
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Locke M, Davies LC, Stephens P. Oral mucosal progenitor cell clones resist in vitro myogenic differentiation. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 70:100-110. [PMID: 27343692 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Progenitor cells derived from the oral mucosa lamina propria (OMLP-PCs) demonstrate an ability to differentiate into tissue lineages removed from their anatomical origin. This clonally derived population of neural-crest cells have demonstrated potential to differentiate along mesenchymal and neuronal cell lineages. OBJECTIVE Significant efforts are being made to generate functioning muscle constructs for use in research and clinical tissue engineering. In this study we aimed to determine the myogenic properties of clonal populations of expanded OMLP-PCs. DESIGN PCs were subject to several in vitro culture conditions in an attempt to drive myogenic conversion. Methodologies include use of demethylation gene-modifying reagents, mechanical conditioning of tissue culture substrates, tuneable polyacrylamide gels and a 3-dimensional construct as well as published myogenic media compositions. PCR and immunostaining for the muscle cell markers Desmin and MyoD1 were used to assess muscle differentiation. RESULTS The clones tested did not intrinsically express myogenic lineage markers. Despite use of two and 3-dimensional pre-published in vitro culture protocols OMLP clones could not be differentiated down a myogenic lineage. CONCLUSIONS Within the confines of these experimental parameters it was not possible to generate identifiable muscle using the clonal populations. When reviewing the previously successful reports of myogenic conversion, cells utilised have either been derived from tissues that are already 'primed' with the requisite myogenic genetic potential or have undergone specific genetic reprogramming to enhance the myogenic conversion rate. This, along with as yet unidentified stromal interplay, may therefore be required for positive myogenic differentiation to be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Locke
- Wound Biology Group, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, United Kingdom.
| | - Lindsay C Davies
- Wound Biology Group, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, United Kingdom.
| | - Phil Stephens
- Wound Biology Group, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, United Kingdom.
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44
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Han WM, Jang YC, García AJ. Engineered matrices for skeletal muscle satellite cell engraftment and function. Matrix Biol 2016; 60-61:96-109. [PMID: 27269735 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of traumatically injured skeletal muscles is severely limited. Moreover, the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle declines with aging, further exacerbating the problem. Recent evidence supports that delivery of muscle satellite cells to the injured muscles enhances muscle regeneration and reverses features of aging, including reduction in muscle mass and regenerative capacity. However, direct delivery of satellite cells presents a challenge at a translational level due to inflammation and donor cell death, motivating the need to develop engineered matrices for muscle satellite cell delivery. This review will highlight important aspects of satellite cell and their niche biology in the context of muscle regeneration, and examine recent progresses in the development of engineered cell delivery matrices designed for skeletal muscle regeneration. Understanding the interactions of muscle satellite cells and their niche in both native and engineered systems is crucial to developing muscle pathology-specific cell- and biomaterial-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin M Han
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young C Jang
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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45
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Vilmont V, Cadot B, Ouanounou G, Gomes ER. A system for studying mechanisms of neuromuscular junction development and maintenance. Development 2016; 143:2464-77. [PMID: 27226316 PMCID: PMC4958317 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a cellular synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber, enables the translation of chemical cues into physical activity. The development of this special structure has been subject to numerous investigations, but its complexity renders in vivo studies particularly difficult to perform. In vitro modeling of the neuromuscular junction represents a powerful tool to delineate fully the fine tuning of events that lead to subcellular specialization at the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic sites. Here, we describe a novel heterologous co-culture in vitro method using rat spinal cord explants with dorsal root ganglia and murine primary myoblasts to study neuromuscular junctions. This system allows the formation and long-term survival of highly differentiated myofibers, motor neurons, supporting glial cells and functional neuromuscular junctions with post-synaptic specialization. Therefore, fundamental aspects of NMJ formation and maintenance can be studied using the described system, which can be adapted to model multiple NMJ-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vilmont
- Myology Research Center, UM76-INSERM U974-CNRS FRE 3617 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Cadot
- Myology Research Center, UM76-INSERM U974-CNRS FRE 3617 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Ouanounou
- FRE CNRS 3693 (U.N.I.C), Unité de Neuroscience, Information et Complexité CNRS, Bât. 33, 1 Ave de la Terasse, Gif sur Yvette 91198, France
| | - Edgar R Gomes
- Myology Research Center, UM76-INSERM U974-CNRS FRE 3617 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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46
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Juhas M, Ye J, Bursac N. Design, evaluation, and application of engineered skeletal muscle. Methods 2016; 99:81-90. [PMID: 26455485 PMCID: PMC4821818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For over two decades, research groups have been developing methods to engineer three-dimensional skeletal muscle tissues. These tissues hold great promise for use in disease modeling and pre-clinical drug development, and have potential to serve as therapeutic grafts for functional muscle repair. Recent advances in the field have resulted in the engineering of regenerative muscle constructs capable of survival, vascularization, and functional maturation in vivo as well as the first-time creation of functional human engineered muscles for screening of therapeutics in vitro. In this review, we will discuss the methodologies that have progressed work in the muscle tissue engineering field to its current state. The emphasis will be placed on the existing procedures to generate myogenic cell sources and form highly functional muscle tissues in vitro, techniques to monitor and evaluate muscle maturation and performance in vitro and in vivo, and surgical strategies to both create diseased environments and ensure implant survival and rapid integration into the host. Finally, we will suggest the most promising methodologies that will enable continued progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Juhas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jean Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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47
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Grefte S, Adjobo-Hermans M, Versteeg E, Koopman W, Daamen W. Impaired primary mouse myotube formation on crosslinked type I collagen films is enhanced by laminin and entactin. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:265-276. [PMID: 26555376 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, the stem cell niche is important for controlling the quiescent, proliferation and differentiation states of satellite cells, which are key for skeletal muscle regeneration after wounding. It has been shown that type I collagen, often used as 3D-scaffolds for regenerative medicine purposes, impairs myoblast differentiation. This is most likely due to the absence of specific extracellular matrix proteins providing attachment sites for myoblasts and/or myotubes. In this study we investigated the differentiation capacity of primary murine myoblasts on type I collagen films either untreated or modified with elastin, laminin, type IV collagen, laminin/entactin complex, combinations thereof, and Matrigel as a positive control. Additionally, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROCK signaling might also be involved. To measure ROS levels with live-cell microscopy, fibronectin-coated glass coverslips were additionally coated with type I collagen and Matrigel onto which myoblasts were differentiated. On type I collagen-coated coverslips, myotube formation was impaired while ROS levels were increased. However, anti-oxidant treatment did not enhance myotube formation. ROCK inhibition, which generally improve cellular attachment to uncoated surfaces or type I collagen, enhanced myoblast attachment to type I collagen-coated coverslips and -films, but slightly enhanced myotube formation. Only modification of type I collagen films by Matrigel and a combination of laminin/entactin significantly improved myotube formation. Our results indicate that type I collagen scaffolds can be modified by satellite cell niche factors of which specifically laminin and entactin enhanced myotube formation. This offers a promising approach for regenerative medicine purposes to heal skeletal muscle wounds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this manuscript we show for the first time that impaired myotube formation on type I collagen scaffolds can be completely restored by modification with laminin and entactin, two extracellular proteins from the satellite cell niche. This offers a promising approach for regenerative medicine approaches to heal skeletal muscle wounds.
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48
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Carvajal Monroy PL, Yablonka-Reuveni Z, Grefte S, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles. J Vis Exp 2015:e52802. [PMID: 26274878 PMCID: PMC4544364 DOI: 10.3791/52802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and defective muscle regeneration can hamper the functional recovery of the soft palate muscles after cleft palate repair. This causes persistent problems in speech, swallowing, and sucking. In vitro culture systems that allow the study of satellite cells (myogenic stem cells) from head muscles are crucial to develop new therapies based on tissue engineering to promote muscle regeneration after surgery. These systems will offer new perspectives for the treatment of cleft palate patients. A protocol for the isolation, culture and differentiation of satellite cells from head muscles is presented. The isolation is based on enzymatic digestion and trituration to release the satellite cells. In addition, this protocol comprises an innovative method using extracellular matrix gel coatings of millimeter size, which requires only low numbers of satellite cells for differentiation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola L Carvajal Monroy
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center
| | | | - Sander Grefte
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center;
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49
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Maffioletti SM, Gerli MFM, Ragazzi M, Dastidar S, Benedetti S, Loperfido M, VandenDriessche T, Chuah MK, Tedesco FS. Efficient derivation and inducible differentiation of expandable skeletal myogenic cells from human ES and patient-specific iPS cells. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:941-58. [PMID: 26042384 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant human tissue; therefore, an unlimited availability of myogenic cells has applications in regenerative medicine and drug development. Here we detail a protocol to derive myogenic cells from human embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and we also provide evidence for its extension to human iPS cells cultured without feeder cells. The procedure, which does not require the generation of embryoid bodies or prospective cell isolation, entails four stages with different culture densities, media and surface coating. Pluripotent stem cells are disaggregated to single cells and then differentiated into expandable cells resembling human mesoangioblasts. Subsequently, transient Myod1 induction efficiently drives myogenic differentiation into multinucleated myotubes. Cells derived from patients with muscular dystrophy and differentiated using this protocol have been genetically corrected, and they were proven to have therapeutic potential in dystrophic mice. Thus, this platform has been demonstrated to be amenable to gene and cell therapy, and it could be extended to muscle tissue engineering and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Maffioletti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia F M Gerli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Ragazzi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sumitava Dastidar
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Benedetti
- 1] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK. [2] Present address: Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mariana Loperfido
- 1] Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium. [2] Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry VandenDriessche
- 1] Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium. [2] Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marinee K Chuah
- 1] Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium. [2] Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Grefte S, Wagenaars JAL, Jansen R, Willems PHGM, Koopman WJH. Rotenone inhibits primary murine myotube formation via Raf-1 and ROCK2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1606-14. [PMID: 25827955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone (ROT) is a widely used inhibitor of complex I (CI), the first complex of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. However, particularly at high concentrations ROT was also described to display off-target effects. Here we studied how ROT affected in vitro primary murine myotube formation. We demonstrate that myotube formation is specifically inhibited by ROT (10-100nM), but not by piericidin A (PA; 100nM), another CI inhibitor. At 100nM, both ROT and PA fully blocked myoblast oxygen consumption. Knock-down of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) and, to a lesser extent ROCK1, prevented the ROT-induced inhibition of myotube formation. Moreover, the latter was reversed by inhibiting Raf-1 activity. In contrast, ROT-induced inhibition of myotube formation was not prevented by knock-down of RhoA. Taken together, our results support a model in which ROT reduces primary myotube formation independent of its inhibitory effect on CI-driven mitochondrial ATP production, but via a mechanism primarily involving the Raf-1/ROCK2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Grefte
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jori A L Wagenaars
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate Jansen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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