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Koza LA, Grossberg AN, Bishop M, Prusmack C, Linseman DA. Sex-specific antioxidant biomarker depletion in patients with a history of mild traumatic brain injury. ADVANCES IN REDOX RESEARCH 2024; 10:100097. [PMID: 38562523 PMCID: PMC10976465 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2024.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are at an increased risk for neurodegenerative disease, suggesting that intrinsic neuroprotective mechanisms, such as the endogenous antioxidant reservoir, may be depleted long-term after mTBI. Here, we retrospectively analyzed symptoms and blood antioxidants in patients with a history of mTBI who presented to Resilience Code, a sports medicine clinic in Colorado. Significant decreases in alpha-tocopherol, selenium, linoleic acid, taurine, docosahexaenoic acid, and total omega-3 were measured in the total mTBI population versus controls. Male mTBI patients showed depletion of a larger array of antioxidants than females. Patients with a history of mTBI also reported significantly worsened emotional, energy, head, and cognitive symptoms, with males displaying more extensive symptomology. Multiple or chronic mTBI patients had worsened symptoms than single or acute/subchronic mTBI patients, respectively. Finally, male mTBI patients with the largest reductions in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) displayed worse symptomology than male mTBI patients with less depletion of this antioxidant reservoir. These results demonstrate that antioxidant depletion persists in patients with a history of mTBI and these deficits are sex-specific and associated with worsened symptomology. Furthermore, supplementation with specific antioxidants, like PUFAs, may diminish symptom severity in patients suffering from chronic effects of mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia A. Koza
- Department of Biological Sciences and Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Allison N. Grossberg
- Department of Biological Sciences and Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - McKensey Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences and Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | | | - Daniel A. Linseman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
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Pradhyumnan H, Perez GG, Patel SH, Blaya MO, Bramlett HM, Raval AP. A Perspective on Hormonal Contraception Usage in Central Nervous System Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:541-551. [PMID: 37975282 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring life stages in women are associated with changes in the milieu of endogenous ovarian hormones. Women of childbearing age may be exposed to exogenous ovarian hormone(s) because of their use of varying combinations of estrogen and progesterone hormones-containing oral contraceptives (OC; also known as "the pill"). If women have central nervous system (CNS) injury such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) during their childbearing age, they are likely to retain their reproductive capabilities and may use OC. Many deleterious side effects of long-term OC use have been reported, such as aberrant blood clotting and endothelial dysfunction that consequently increase the risk of myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, and ischemic brain injury. Although controversial, studies have suggested that OC use is associated with neuropsychiatric ramifications, including uncontrollable mood swings and poorer cognitive performance. Our understanding about how the combination of endogenous hormones and OC-conferred exogenous hormones affect outcomes after CNS injuries remains limited. Therefore, understanding the impact of OC use on CNS injury outcomes needs further investigation to reveal underlying mechanisms, promote reporting in clinical or epidemiological studies, and raise awareness of possible compounded consequences. The goal of the current review is to discuss the impacts of CNS injury on endogenous ovarian hormones and vice-versa, as well as the putative consequences of exogenous ovarian hormones (OC) on the CNS to identify potential gaps in our knowledge to consider for future laboratory, epidemiological, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Pradhyumnan
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gina G Perez
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shahil H Patel
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Meghan O Blaya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ami P Raval
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
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3
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Maia TFLD, Magalhães PAF, Santos DTS, de Brito Gomes JL, Schwingel PA, de Freitas Brito A. Current Concepts in Early Mobilization of Critically Ill Patients Within the Context of Neurologic Pathology. Neurocrit Care 2024:10.1007/s12028-023-01934-8. [PMID: 38396279 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Neurocritical patients (NCPs) in the intensive care unit (ICU) rapidly progress to respiratory and peripheral muscle dysfunctions, which significantly impact morbidity and death. Early mobilization in NCPs to decrease the incidence of ICU-acquired weakness has been showing rapid growth, although pertinent literature is still scarce. With this review, we summarize and discuss current concepts in early mobilization of critically ill patients within the context of neurologic pathology in NCPs. A narrative synthesis of literature was undertaken trying to answer the following questions: How do the respiratory and musculoskeletal systems in NCPs behave? Which metabolic biomarkers influence physiological responses in NCPs? Which considerations should be taken when prescribing exercises in neurocritically ill patients? The present review detected safety, feasibility, and beneficial response for early mobilization in NCPs, given successes in other critically ill populations and many smaller intervention trials in neurocritical care. However, precautions should be taken to elect the patient for early care, as well as monitoring signs that indicate interruption for intervention, as worse outcomes were associated with very early mobilization in acute stroke trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Ferreira Lopes Diniz Maia
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Universidade de Pernambuco, BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, 56, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 328-900, Brazil.
| | - Paulo André Freire Magalhães
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Universidade de Pernambuco, BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, 56, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 328-900, Brazil
| | - Dasdores Tatiana Silva Santos
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Universidade de Pernambuco, BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, 56, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 328-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz de Brito Gomes
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Universidade de Pernambuco, BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, 56, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 328-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Adriano Schwingel
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Universidade de Pernambuco, BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, 56, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 328-900, Brazil
| | - Aline de Freitas Brito
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Universidade de Pernambuco, BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, 56, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 328-900, Brazil
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4
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Kline KE, Russell AL, Stezoski JP, Gober IG, Dimeo EG, Janesko-Feldman K, Drabek T, Kochanek PM, Wagner AK. Differential Effects of Targeted Temperature Management on Sex-Dependent Outcomes After Experimental Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2024. [PMID: 38386544 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2023.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA) survivors face lasting neurological disability from hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Sex differences in long-term outcomes after cardiac arrest (CA) are grossly understudied and underreported. We used rigorous targeted temperature management (TTM) to understand its influence on survival and lasting sex-specific neurological and neuropathological outcomes in a rodent ACA model. Adult male and female rats underwent either sham or 5-minute no-flow ACA with 18 hours TTM at either ∼37°C (normothermia) or ∼36°C (mild hypothermia). Survival, temperature, and body weight (BW) were recorded over the 14-day study duration. All rats underwent neurological deficit score (NDS) assessment on days 1-3 and day 14. Hippocampal pathology was assessed for cell death, degenerating neurons, and microglia on day 14. Although ACA females were less likely to achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), post-ROSC physiology and biochemical profiles were similar between sexes. ACA females had significantly greater 14-day survival, NDS, and BW recovery than ACA males at normothermia (56% vs. 29%). TTM at 36°C versus 37°C improved 14-day survival in males, producing similar survival in male (63%) versus female (50%). There were no sex or temperature effects on CA1 histopathology. We conclude that at normothermic conditions, sex differences favoring females were observed after ACA in survival, NDS, and BW recovery. We achieved a clinically relevant ACA model using TTM at 36°C to improve long-term survival. This model can be used to more fully characterize sex differences in long-term outcomes and test novel acute and chronic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Kline
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley L Russell
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason P Stezoski
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian G Gober
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma G Dimeo
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Keri Janesko-Feldman
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomas Drabek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy K Wagner
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Yatoo MI, Bahader GA, Beigh SA, Khan AM, James AW, Asmi MR, Shah ZA. Neuroprotection or Sex Bias: A Protective Response to Traumatic Brain Injury in the Females. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:906-916. [PMID: 37592792 DOI: 10.2174/1871527323666230817102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major healthcare problem and a common cause of mortality and morbidity. Clinical and preclinical research suggests sex-related differences in short- and longterm outcomes following TBI; however, males have been the main focus of TBI research. Females show a protective response against TBI. Female animals in preclinical studies and women in clinical trials have shown comparatively better outcomes against mild, moderate, or severe TBI. This reflects a favorable protective nature of the females compared to the males, primarily attributed to various protective mechanisms that provide better prognosis and recovery in the females after TBI. Understanding the sex difference in the TBI pathophysiology and the underlying mechanisms remains an elusive goal. In this review, we provide insights into various mechanisms related to the anatomical, physiological, hormonal, enzymatic, inflammatory, oxidative, genetic, or mitochondrial basis that support the protective nature of females compared to males. Furthermore, we sought to outline the evidence of multiple biomarkers that are highly potential in the investigation of TBI's prognosis, pathophysiology, and treatment and which can serve as objective measures and novel targets for individualized therapeutic interventions in TBI treatment. Implementations from this review are important for the understanding of the effect of sex on TBI outcomes and possible mechanisms behind the favorable response in females. It also emphasizes the critical need to include females as a biological variable and in sufficient numbers in future TBI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Shafayat A Beigh
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Adil M Khan
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Antonisamy William James
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Maleha R Asmi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Liu H, Liu H, Jiang S, Su L, Lu Y, Chen Z, Li X, Li X, Wang X, Xiu M, Zhang X. Sex-Specific Association between Antioxidant Defense System and Therapeutic Response to Risperidone in Schizophrenia: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1793-1803. [PMID: 34766896 PMCID: PMC9881066 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211111123918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are various differences in response to different antipsychotics and antioxidant defense systems (ADS) by sex. Previous studies have shown that several ADS enzymes are closely related to the treatment response of patients with antipsychotics-naïve first-episode (ANFE) schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess the sex difference in the relationship between changes in ADS enzyme activities and risperidone response. METHODS The plasma activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in 218 patients and 125 healthy controls. Patients were treated with risperidone for 3 months, and we measured PANSS for psychopathological symptoms and ADS biomarkers at baseline and at the end of 3 months of treatment. We compared sex-specific group differences between 50 non-responders and 168 responders at baseline and at the end of the three months of treatment. RESULTS We found that female patients responded better to risperidone treatment than male patients. At baseline and 3-month follow-up, there were no significant sex differences in TAS levels and three ADS enzyme activities. Interestingly, only in female patients, after 12 weeks of risperidone treatment, the GPx activity of responders was higher than that of non-responders. CONCLUSION These results indicate that after treatment with risperidone, changes in GPx activity were associated with treatment response, suggesting that changes in GPx may be a predictor of response to risperidone treatment in female patients with ANFE schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Hua Liu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Shuling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Central Hospital, Shandong, China;
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Zhenli Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xirong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; E-mail: ; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; E-mail: ; Linyin Road, Qixing District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China; E-mail:
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; E-mail: ; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; E-mail: ; Linyin Road, Qixing District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China; E-mail:
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; E-mail: ; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; E-mail: ; Linyin Road, Qixing District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China; E-mail:
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Archie SR, Sharma S, Burks E, Abbruscato T. Biological determinants impact the neurovascular toxicity of nicotine and tobacco smoke: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics perspective. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:140-160. [PMID: 35150755 PMCID: PMC8958572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the detrimental effect of nicotine and tobacco smoke on the central nervous system (CNS) is caused by the neurotoxic role of nicotine on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression, and the dopaminergic system. The ultimate consequence of these nicotine associated neurotoxicities can lead to cerebrovascular dysfunction, altered behavioral outcomes (hyperactivity and cognitive dysfunction) as well as future drug abuse and addiction. The severity of these detrimental effects can be associated with several biological determinants. Sex and age are two important biological determinants which can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of several systemically available substances, including nicotine. With regard to sex, the availability of gonadal hormone is impacted by the pregnancy status and menstrual cycle resulting in altered metabolism rate of nicotine. Additionally, the observed lower smoking cessation rate in females compared to males is a consequence of differential effects of sex on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicotine. Similarly, age-dependent alterations in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicotine have also been observed. One such example is related to severe vulnerability of adolescence towards addiction and long-term behavioral changes which may continue through adulthood. Considering the possible neurotoxic effects of nicotine on the central nervous system and the deterministic role of sex as well as age on these neurotoxic effects of smoking, it has become important to consider sex and age to study nicotine induced neurotoxicity and development of treatment strategies for combating possible harmful effects of nicotine. In the future, understanding the role of sex and age on the neurotoxic actions of nicotine can facilitate the individualization and optimization of treatment(s) to mitigate nicotine induced neurotoxicity as well as smoking cessation therapy. Unfortunately, however, no such comprehensive study is available which has considered both the sex- and age-dependent neurotoxicity of nicotine, as of today. Hence, the overreaching goal of this review article is to analyze and summarize the impact of sex and age on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicotine and possible neurotoxic consequences associated with nicotine in order to emphasize the importance of including these biological factors for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rahman Archie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Sejal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Burks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA.
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Abstract
Brain disease remains a significant health, social, and economic burden with a high failure rate of translation of therapeutics to the clinic. Nanotherapeutics have represented a promising area of technology investment to improve drug bioavailability and delivery to the brain, with several successes for nanotherapeutic use for central nervous system disease that are currently in the clinic. However, renewed and continued research on the treatment of neurological disorders is critically needed. We explore the challenges of drug delivery to the brain and the ways in which nanotherapeutics can overcome these challenges. We provide a summary and overview of general design principles that can be applied to nanotherapeutics for uptake and penetration in the brain. We next highlight remaining questions that limit the translational potential of nanotherapeutics for application in the clinic. Lastly, we provide recommendations for ongoing preclinical research to improve the overall success of nanotherapeutics against neurological disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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Kalimon OJ, Sullivan PG. Sex Differences in Mitochondrial Function Following a Controlled Cortical Impact Traumatic Brain Injury in Rodents. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:753946. [PMID: 34720875 PMCID: PMC8548609 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.753946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex disease to study due to the multifactorial injury cascades occurring after the initial blow to the head. One of the most vital players in this secondary injury cascade, and therapeutic target of interest, is the mitochondrion. Mitochondria are important for the generation of cellular energy, regulation of cell death, and modulation of intracellular calcium which leaves these “powerhouses” especially susceptible to damage and dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Most of the existing studies involving mitochondrial dysfunction after TBI have been performed in male rodent models, leaving a gap in knowledge on these same outcomes in females. This mini-review intends to highlight the available data on mitochondrial dysfunction in male and female rodents after controlled cortical impact (CCI) as a common model of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Kalimon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, United States
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10
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Zanin E, Leochico CFD, Salizzato S, Rey-Matias RR, Pauletto P, Masiero S, Cerrel-Bazo HA. Differences between males and females with spinal cord injury in the experience of subliminal and explicit sexual pictures. Spinal Cord 2021; 60:142-148. [PMID: 34719671 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES To determine the differences between persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and control individuals in terms of conscious and unconscious sexual responses to subliminally presented visual sexual stimuli. SETTING Spinal cord injury rehabilitation center in northern Italy. METHODS A two-part behavioral experiment was conducted on 40 participants (27 individuals with SCI; 13 controls). In first part, all participants were subliminally exposed to a prime picture (neutral or sexual) and asked to rate the extent to which they were emotionally aroused, while watching a set of explicit target pictures (neutral or sexual). In the second part, choice reaction time task was employed, wherein participants were shown a subliminal prime picture (neutral or sexual) followed by an explicit target picture (neutral or sexual) superimposed by a black dot and were asked to locate the dot as fast as possible. RESULTS In the first part, men with SCI reported higher levels of emotional arousal to explicit sexual target pictures compared to other groups. In the second part, slower choice reaction times were found in the SCI group, particularly with sexual prime picture. Moreover, females with SCI spent more time during implicit motor learning tasks with sexual target pictures than other groups. CONCLUSION We found differences in the experience of subliminal and explicit sexual pictures not only between the two groups, but also between females and males with SCI. Attention should thus be paid when considering sexual experience at subliminal and conscious level in SCI population for future research and rehabilitative protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Zanin
- Ospedale Riabilitativo di Alta Specializzazione (ORAS)-ULSS 2 TV, Motta di Livenza, TV, Italy.
| | - Carl Froilan D Leochico
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Luke's Medical Center, Global City and Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Sara Salizzato
- Ospedale Riabilitativo di Alta Specializzazione (ORAS)-ULSS 2 TV, Motta di Livenza, TV, Italy
| | - Reynaldo R Rey-Matias
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Luke's Medical Center, Global City and Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Paolo Pauletto
- Ospedale Riabilitativo di Alta Specializzazione (ORAS)-ULSS 2 TV, Motta di Livenza, TV, Italy
| | - Stefano Masiero
- Department of Neuroscience-Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Humberto A Cerrel-Bazo
- Ospedale Riabilitativo di Alta Specializzazione (ORAS)-ULSS 2 TV, Motta di Livenza, TV, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience-Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Medical School, Padova, Italy
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11
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Inampudi C, Ciccotosto GD, Cappai R, Crack PJ. Genetic Modulators of Traumatic Brain Injury in Animal Models and the Impact of Sex-Dependent Effects. J Neurotrauma 2021; 37:706-723. [PMID: 32027210 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem causing disability and death worldwide. There is no effective treatment, due in part to the complexity of the injury pathology and factors affecting its outcome. The extent of brain injury depends on the type of insult, age, sex, lifestyle, genetic risk factors, socioeconomic status, other co-injuries, and underlying health problems. This review discusses the genes that have been directly tested in TBI models, and whether their effects are known to be sex-dependent. Sex differences can affect the incidence, symptom onset, pathology, and clinical outcomes following injury. Adult males are more susceptible at the acute phase and females show greater injury in the chronic phase. TBI is not restricted to a single sex; despite variations in the degree of symptom onset and severity, it is important to consider both female and male animals in TBI pre-clinical research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Inampudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giuseppe D Ciccotosto
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Crack
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Hosomi S, Kitamura T, Sobue T, Ogura H, Shimazu T. Sex and age differences in isolated traumatic brain injury: a retrospective observational study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:261. [PMID: 34225691 PMCID: PMC8256599 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among the many factors that may influence traumatic brain injury (TBI) progression, sex is one of the most controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate sex differences in TBI-associated morbidity and mortality using data from the largest trauma registry in Japan. Methods This retrospective, population-based observational study included patients with isolated TBI, who were registered in a nationwide database between 2004 and 2018. We excluded patients with extracranial injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥ 3) and removed potential confounding factors, such as non-neurological causes of mortality. Patients were stratified by age and mortality and post-injury complications were compared between males and females. Results A total of 51,726 patients with isolated TBI were included (16,901 females and 34,825 males). Mortality across all ages was documented in 12.01% (2030/16901) and 12.76% (4445/34825) of males and females, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of TBI mortality for males compared to females was 1.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–1.42]. Males aged 10–19 years and ≥ 60 years had a significantly higher mortality than females in the same age groups (10–19 years: adjusted OR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.08–3.61]; 60–69 years: adjusted OR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.02–1.50]; 70–79 years: adjusted OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.03–1.40]; 80–89 years: adjusted OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.31–1.73], and 90–99 years: adjusted OR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.28–2.32]). In terms of the incidence of post-TBI neurologic and non-neurologic complications, the crude ORs were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.19–1.39) and 1.14 (95% CI, 1.07–1.22), respectively, for males versus females. This difference was especially evident among elderly patients (neurologic complications: OR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.14–1.41]; non-neurologic complications: OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.19–1.39]). Conclusions In a nationwide sample of patients with TBI in Japan, males had a higher mortality than females. This disparity was particularly evident among younger and older generations. Furthermore, elderly males experienced more TBI complications than females of the same age. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02305-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Hosomi
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan. .,Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimazu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
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Chinese Head Trauma Data Bank: Effect of Gender on the Outcome of Patients With Acute Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1164-1167. [PMID: 23039042 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender may be related with the outcome of patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). We explored the effect of gender on the outcome of 7145 patients with acute TBI. There was no statistical difference between male and female sex in the causes of trauma, age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, computed tomgraphy findings, and surgical management. The mortality of 7145 patients with acute TBI in males and females was 7.48% and 7.22%, respectively, with the corresponding unfavorable outcomes of 16.05% and 17.23%, respectively (p > 0.05 in both cases). The mortality of 1626 patients with severe TBI in males and females was 19.68% and 20.72%, respectively, with the corresponding unfavorable outcomes of 46.96% and 48.85%, respectively (p > 0.05 in both cases). Our data suggest that sex does not play a role in the outcome of patients with acute TBI.
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Song S, Gao Y, Sheng Y, Rui T, Luo C. Targeting NRF2 to suppress ferroptosis in brain injury. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:383-397. [PMID: 33242213 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury is accompanied by serious iron metabolism disorder and oxidative stress. As a novel form of regulated cell death (RCD) depending on lipid peroxidation caused by iron overload, ferroptosis (FPT) further aggravates brain injury, which is different from apoptosis, autophagy and other traditional cell death in terms of biochemistry, morphology and genetics. Noteworthy, transcriptional regulator NRF2 plays a key role in the cell antioxidant system, and many genes related to FPT are under the control of NRF2, including genes for iron regulation, thiol-dependent antioxidant system, enzymatic detoxification of RCS and carbonyls, NADPH regeneration and ROS sources from mitochondria or extra-mitochondria, which place NRF2 in the key position of regulating the ferroptotic death. Importantly, NRF2 can reduce iron load and resist FPT. In the future, it is expected to open up a new way to treat brain injury by targeting NRF2 to alleviate FPT in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchen Song
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxuan Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Sheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongyu Rui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Vahidinia Z, Karimian M, Joghataei MT. Neurosteroids and their receptors in ischemic stroke: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zhang J, Wang H, Li Y, Zhang H, Dong L. The efficacy of progesterone 1 mg kg -1 every 12 hours over 5 days in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 198:106131. [PMID: 32823183 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of progesterone (PG) at 1.0 mg kg-1 once every 12 h for 5 consecutive days in patients with moderate-to-severe (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] 3-12) traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS The Cochrane Library, OvidSP, Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WFSD, and VIP databases were systematically searched from inception to May 1, 2020. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the bias risk assessment tool from the Cochrane systematic evaluator manual 5.1.0. A pooled analysis of relevant data was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. The primary outcome was good functional outcome (GFO), and the secondary outcome was mortality. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the impact of time, administration route, type of injury, and GCS on outcome measures. RESULTS A total of 7 randomized controlled trials involving 504 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The findings indicated a statistically significant difference in terms of GFO (RR, 1.48; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.25-1.76; P < 0.00001) and mortality (RR, 0.66; 95 % CI, 0.44-0.84; P = 0.002) between the PG and control groups. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that administration route was an important influencing factor for improving GFO in the PG group, and administration route and follow-up time were important for reducing mortality in the PG group. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PG, at a dose of 1.0 mg kg-1 via intramuscular injection every 12 h for 5 consecutive days, could significantly improve GFO (1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months) and reduce the medium-term (3-month and 6-month) mortality rate. Larger studies are needed to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Haili Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hengzhu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Wood T, Nance E. Disease-directed engineering for physiology-driven treatment interventions in neurological disorders. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:040901. [PMID: 31673672 PMCID: PMC6811362 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disease is killing us. While there have long been attempts to develop therapies for both acute and chronic neurological diseases, no current treatments are curative. Additionally, therapeutic development for neurological disease takes 15 years and often costs several billion dollars. More than 96% of these therapies will fail in late stage clinical trials. Engineering novel treatment interventions for neurological disease can improve outcomes and quality of life for millions; however, therapeutics should be designed with the underlying physiology and pathology in mind. In this perspective, we aim to unpack the importance of, and need to understand, the physiology of neurological disease. We first dive into the normal physiological considerations that should guide experimental design, and then assess the pathophysiological factors of acute and chronic neurological disease that should direct treatment design. We provide an analysis of a nanobased therapeutic intervention that proved successful in translation due to incorporation of physiology at all stages of the research process. We also provide an opinion on the importance of keeping a high-level view to designing and administering treatment interventions. Finally, we close with an implementation strategy for applying a disease-directed engineering approach. Our assessment encourages embracing the complexity of neurological disease, as well as increasing efforts to provide system-level thinking in our development of therapeutics for neurological disease.
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18
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Ma C, Wu X, Shen X, Yang Y, Chen Z, Sun X, Wang Z. Sex differences in traumatic brain injury: a multi-dimensional exploration in genes, hormones, cells, individuals, and society. Chin Neurosurg J 2019; 5:24. [PMID: 32922923 PMCID: PMC7398330 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-019-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is exceptionally prevalent in society and often imposes a massive burden on patients' families and poor prognosis. The evidence reviewed here suggests that gender can influence clinical outcomes of TBI in many aspects, ranges from patients' mortality and short-term outcome to their long-term outcome, as well as the incidence of cognitive impairment. We mainly focused on the causes and mechanisms underlying the differences between male and female after TBI, from both biological and sociological views. As it turns out that multiple factors contribute to the gender differences after TBI, not merely the perspective of gender and sex hormones. Centered on this, we discussed how female steroid hormones exert neuroprotective effects through the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism, along with the cognitive impairment and the social integration problems it caused. As to the treatment, both instant and long-term treatment of TBI requires adjustments according to gender. A further study with more focus on this topic is therefore suggested to provide better treatment options for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Xiaotian Shen
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yanbo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
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19
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Kim T, Chelluboina B, Chokkalla AK, Vemuganti R. Age and sex differences in the pathophysiology of acute CNS injury. Neurochem Int 2019; 127:22-28. [PMID: 30654116 PMCID: PMC6579702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the immeasurable burden on patients and families, no effective therapies to protect the CNS after an acute injury are available yet. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms that promote neuronal death and functional deficits after injury remain to be poorly understood. The prevalence, age of onset, pathophysiology, and symptomatology of many CNS insults differ significantly between males and females. In the case of stroke, younger males tend to show a higher risk than younger females, while this trend reverses with age. Accumulating evidence from preclinical studies have shown that sex hormones play a crucial role in providing neuroprotection following ischemic stroke and other acute CNS injuries. Estrogen, in particular, exerts a neuroprotective effect by modulating the immune responses after injury. In addition, there exists a sexual dimorphism in cell death pathways between males and females that are independent of hormones. Meanwhile, recent studies suggest that microRNAs are critically involved in the sex-specific mechanisms of cell death. This review discusses the current knowledge on the contribution of sex and age to outcome after stroke. Implication of the interplay between these two factors on other CNS injuries (spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury) from the experimental evidence were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeHee Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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20
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Anthonymuthu TS, Kenny EM, Hier ZE, Clark RSB, Kochanek PM, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Detection of brain specific cardiolipins in plasma after experimental pediatric head injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 316:63-73. [PMID: 30981805 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondria-specific phospholipid that is central to maintenance and regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetic and metabolic functions. CL molecular species display great tissue variation with brain exhibiting a distinct, highly diverse CL population. We recently showed that the appearance of unique brain-type CLs in plasma could serve as a brain-specific marker of mitochondrial/tissue injury in patients after cardiac arrest. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been increasingly implicated as a critical mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, we hypothesized that unique, brain-specific CL species from the injured brain are released to the peripheral circulation after TBI. To test this hypothesis, we performed a high-resolution mass spectrometry based phospholipidomics analysis of post-natal day (PND)17 rat brain and plasma after controlled cortical impact. We found a time-dependent increase in plasma CLs after TBI including the aforementioned brain-specific CL species early after injury, whereas CLs were significantly decreased in the injured brain. Compositional and quantitative correlational analysis suggested a possible release of CL into the systemic circulation following TBI. The identification of brain-type CLs in systemic circulation may indicate underlying mitochondrial dysfunction/loss after TBI. They may have potential as pharmacodynamics response biomarkers for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kenny
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary E Hier
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert S B Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow Medical State University, Russia
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Farag A, Lashen S, Eltaysh R. Histoarchitecture restoration of cerebellar sub-layers as a response to estradiol treatment following Kainic acid-induced spinal cord injury. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 376:309-323. [PMID: 30788578 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-02992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the major impacts of spinal cord injury (SCI) is the cerebellar neurological malfunction and deformation of its sub-layers. This could be due to the enormous innervation of the spinocerebellar tract from the posterior gray horn in the spinal cord to the ipsilateral cerebellum. Although the neuroprotective role of estradiol in spinal cord (SC) injuries, as well as its ability to delay secondary cell death changes, is well-known, its effect on cerebellar layers is not fully investigated. In this study, a SCI model was achieved by injection of Kainic acid into SC of adult Male Wistar rats in order to assess the effects of SCI on the cerebellum. The animals were classified into SCI group (animals with SCI), estradiol-treated group (animals with SCI and received estradiol), control groups, and sham control group. The microscopical examination 24 h after induction of SCI revealed that KA induced the most characteristics of neurodegeneration including astrocytic propagation and microglial activation. The estradiol was injected intraperitoneally 20 min after induction of SCI, and the samples were collected at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days. Histologically, the estradiol reduced the inflammatory response, enhanced the recovery of molecular, granular, and Purkinje cell layers, and therefore aided in the restoration of layer organization. These findings were also confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and gene expression profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Farag
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Gomhoria St., P.O. box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - S Lashen
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Gomhoria St., P.O. box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - R Eltaysh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Gomhoria St., P.O. box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ferdouse A, Leng S, Winter T, Aukema HM. The Brain Oxylipin Profile Is Resistant to Modulation by Dietary n-6 and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Male and Female Rats. Lipids 2019; 54:67-80. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afroza Ferdouse
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Shan Leng
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
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Ruszkiewicz JA, Miranda-Vizuete A, Tinkov AA, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M. Sex-Specific Differences in Redox Homeostasis in Brain Norm and Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:312-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Huun MU, Garberg HT, Buonocore G, Longini M, Belvisi E, Bazzini F, Proietti F, Saugstad OD, Solberg R. Regional differences of hypothermia on oxidative stress following hypoxia-ischemia: a study of DHA and hypothermia on brain lipid peroxidation in newborn piglets. J Perinat Med 2018; 47:82-89. [PMID: 30110254 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2017-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress plays an important part in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and is reliably measured through prostanoids following lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the study is to measure oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex, white matter and hippocampus in the brains of hypoxic-ischemic piglets treated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and investigate the additive effects of DHA on hypothermia by factorial design. Methods Fifty-five piglets were randomized as having severe global hypoxia (n=48) or not (sham, n=7). Hypoxic piglets were further randomized: vehicle (VEH), DHA, VEH+hypothermia (HT) or HT+DHA. A total of 5 mg/kg DHA was given intravenously 210 min after the end of hypoxia. Brain tissues were analyzed using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with DHA and HT as main effects. Results In the white matter, we found main effects of DHA on DH-isoprostanes (P=0.030) and a main effect of HT on F4-neuroprostanes (F4-NeuroPs) (P=0.007), F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) (P=0.043) and DH-isoprostanes (P=0.023). In the cortex, the ANOVA analysis showed the interactions of main effects between DHA and HT for neurofuranes (NeuroFs) (P=0.092) and DH-isoprostanes (P=0.015) as DHA significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in the absence of HT. DHA compared to VEH significantly reduced NeuroFs (P=0.019) and DH-isoprostanes (P=0.010). No differences were found in the hippocampus. Conclusion After severe hypoxia, HT reduced lipid peroxidation in the white matter but not in the cortical gray matter. HT attenuated the reducing effect of DHA on lipid peroxidation in the cortex. Further studies are needed to determine whether DHA can be an effective add-on therapy for TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne U Huun
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway, Tel.: +47 97060117
| | - Håvard T Garberg
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giuseppe Buonocore
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mariangela Longini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Belvisi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Bazzini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Proietti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ola Didrik Saugstad
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rønnaug Solberg
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
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25
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Karnati HK, Garcia JH, Tweedie D, Becker RE, Kapogiannis D, Greig NH. Neuronal Enriched Extracellular Vesicle Proteins as Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:975-987. [PMID: 30039737 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of injury-related death throughout the world and lacks effective treatment. Surviving TBI patients often develop neuropsychiatric symptoms, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuronal damage and recovery following TBI are not well understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanoparticles that are divided into exosomes (originating in the endosomal/multi-vesicular body [MVB] system) and microvesicles (larger EVs produced through budding of the plasma membrane). Both types of EVs are generated by all cells and are secreted into the extracellular environment, and participate in cell-to-cell communication and protein and RNA delivery. EVs enriched for neuronal origin can be harvested from peripheral blood samples and their contents quantitatively examined as a window to follow potential changes occurring in brain. Recent studies suggest that the levels of exosomal proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) may represent novel biomarkers to support the clinical diagnosis and potential response to treatment for neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis of EVs, their molecular composition, and recent advances in research of their contents as potential diagnostic tools for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuma Kumar Karnati
- 1 Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph H Garcia
- 1 Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Tweedie
- 1 Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert E Becker
- 1 Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Aristea Translational Medicine Corporation, Park City, Utah
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- 3 Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nigel H Greig
- 1 Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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26
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Anthonymuthu TS, Kenny EM, Lamade AM, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Oxidized phospholipid signaling in traumatic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:493-503. [PMID: 29964171 PMCID: PMC6098726 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major contributor to secondary injury signaling cascades following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathophysiology of a traumatic insult to neural tissue is increasingly recognized. As the methods to quantify lipid peroxidation have gradually improved, so has the understanding of mechanistic details of lipid peroxidation and related signaling events in the injury pathogenesis. While free-radical mediated, non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation has long been studied, recent advances in redox lipidomics have demonstrated the significant contribution of enzymatic lipid peroxidation to TBI pathogenesis. Complex interactions between inflammation, phospholipid peroxidation, and hydrolysis define the engagement of different cell death programs and the severity of injury and outcome. This review focuses on enzymatic phospholipid peroxidation after TBI, including the mechanism of production, signaling roles in secondary injury pathology, and temporal course of production with respect to inflammatory response. In light of the newly identified phospholipid oxidation mechanisms, we also discuss possible therapeutic targets to improve neurocognitive outcome after TBI. Finally, we discuss current limitations in identifying oxidized phospholipids and possible methodologic improvements that can offer a deeper insight into the region-specific distribution and subcellular localization of phospholipid oxidation after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Kenny
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Andrew M Lamade
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics in Biomedicine, Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States.
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27
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Späni CB, Braun DJ, Van Eldik LJ. Sex-related responses after traumatic brain injury: Considerations for preclinical modeling. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 50:52-66. [PMID: 29753798 PMCID: PMC6139061 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has historically been viewed as a primarily male problem, since men are more likely to experience a TBI because of more frequent participation in activities that increase risk of head injuries. This male bias is also reflected in preclinical research where mostly male animals have been used in basic and translational science. However, with an aging population in which TBI incidence is increasingly sex-independent due to falls, and increasing female participation in high-risk activities, the attention to potential sex differences in TBI responses and outcomes will become more important. These considerations are especially relevant in designing preclinical animal models of TBI that are more predictive of human responses and outcomes. This review characterizes sex differences following TBI with a special emphasis on the contribution of the female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen, to these differences. This information is potentially important in developing and customizing TBI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia B Späni
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - David J Braun
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 101 Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, B481, BBSRB, 741 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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28
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Liu X, Davis CM, Alkayed NJ. P450 Eicosanoids and Reactive Oxygen Species Interplay in Brain Injury and Neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:987-1007. [PMID: 28298143 PMCID: PMC5849284 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Eicosanoids are endogenous lipid mediators that play important roles in brain function and disease. Acute brain injury such as that which occurs in stroke and traumatic brain injury increases the formation of eicosanoids, which, in turn, exacerbate or diminish injury. In chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (VD), eicosanoid synthetic and metabolizing enzymes are altered, disrupting the balance between neuroprotective and neurotoxic eicosanoids. Recent Advances: Human and experimental studies have established the opposing roles of hydroxy- and epoxyeicosanoids and their potential utility as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neural injury. Critical Issues: A gap in knowledge remains in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the neurovascular actions of specific eicosanoids, such as specific isomers of epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Future Directions: EETs and HETEs exert their actions on brain cells by targeting multiple mechanisms, which include surface G-protein coupled receptors. The identification of high-affinity receptors for EETs and HETEs and their cellular localization in the brain will be a breakthrough in our understanding of these eicosanoids as mediators of cell-cell communications and contributors to brain development, function, and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 987-1007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine M Davis
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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29
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Huun MU, Garberg HT, Escobar J, Chafer C, Vento M, Holme IM, Saugstad OD, Solberg R. DHA reduces oxidative stress following hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglets: a study of lipid peroxidation products in urine and plasma. J Perinat Med 2018. [PMID: 28632497 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid peroxidation mediated by reactive oxygen species is a major contributor to oxidative stress. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has anti-oxidant and neuroprotective properties. Our objective was to assess how oxidative stress measured by lipid peroxidation was modified by DHA in a newborn piglet model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI). METHODS Fifty-five piglets were randomized to (i) hypoxia, (ii) DHA, (iii) hypothermia, (iv) hypothermia+DHA or (v) sham. All groups but sham were subjected to hypoxia by breathing 8% O2. DHA was administered 210 min after end of hypoxia and the piglets were euthanized 9.5 h after end of hypoxia. Urine and blood were harvested at these two time points and analyzed for F4-neuroprostanes, F2-isoprostanes, neurofuranes and isofuranes using UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS F4-neuroprostanes in urine were significantly reduced (P=0.006) in groups receiving DHA. Hypoxia (median, IQR 1652 nM, 610-4557) vs. DHA (440 nM, 367-738, P=0.016) and hypothermia (median, IQR 1338 nM, 744-3085) vs. hypothermia+DHA (356 nM, 264-1180, P=0.006). The isoprostane compound 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly lower (P=0.011) in the DHA group compared to the hypoxia group. No significant differences were found between the groups in blood. CONCLUSION DHA significantly reduces oxidative stress by measures of lipid peroxidation following HI in both normothermic and hypothermic piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Ullestad Huun
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway, Tel.: +47-23-07-27-90
| | - Håvard T Garberg
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Javier Escobar
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Consuelo Chafer
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fé, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fé, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ingar M Holme
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Didrik Saugstad
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rønnaug Solberg
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Younus SM, Basar S, Gauri SA, Khan AA, Imran M, Abubakar S, Sheikh D, Shehbaz N, Ashraf J. Comparison of Phenytoin versus Levetiracetam in Early Seizure Prophylaxis after Traumatic Brain Injury, at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Asian J Neurosurg 2018; 13:1096-1100. [PMID: 30459875 PMCID: PMC6208194 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_125_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of phenytoin and levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Subjects and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted over a period of 6 months, at a tertiary health care center in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients with TBI were divided into two groups. Patients in Group A were given phenytoin, whereas Group B patients received levetiracetam. The first dose of the drugs was given within 24 h of injury and continued for 7 days. Data were collected using a predesigned pro forma. All the patients who were in a state of persistent coma, had altered mental status, or had clinical signs of seizures underwent a 1-h electroencephalographic (EEG) recording to observe the seizures, the first EEG was done on the 1st day posttrauma and a second one was done on day 7 of drug use, both the EEGs were compared for changes. We also analyzed the patients according to their duration of antiepileptic drug therapy, length of hospital stay, and complications during therapy. Results: One hundred and forty (117 males and 23 females) patients who presented with TBI having a mean age of 29.48 ± 16.24 years were part of the study. The most prevalent cause of brain injury was road traffic accidents in 72.85% patients. There was no significant relationship between the antiepileptic drug used with the initial EEG (P = 0.313) and seizure activity (P = 0.502). However, a significant correlation of the antiepileptic drug used was found with EEG (P = 0.002) and seizure activity (P = 0.014) on follow-up. Patients who took levetiracetam had decreased the incidence of abnormal EEG and seizure activity on follow-up. There was not any correlation between GCS both initially (P = 0.845) and on follow-up (P = 0.104) with the antiepileptic drug used. Conclusion: The incidence of abnormal EEGs and seizure activity in patients with TBI is the same for both levetiracetam and phenytoin for the initial 7 days post-TBI; however, the incidence of seizures is lower for patients who used levetiracetam on the subsequent follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muneeb Younus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Basar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed Gauri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ateeq Ahmed Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Abubakar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Daniya Sheikh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Shehbaz
- Department of Neurology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ashraf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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31
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Colón JM, González PA, Cajigas Á, Maldonado WI, Torrado AI, Santiago JM, Salgado IK, Miranda JD. Continuous tamoxifen delivery improves locomotor recovery 6h after spinal cord injury by neuronal and glial mechanisms in male rats. Exp Neurol 2018; 299:109-121. [PMID: 29037533 PMCID: PMC5723542 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
No treatment is available for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Patients often arrive to the hospital hours after SCI suggesting the need of a therapy that can be used on a clinically relevant window. Previous studies showed that Tamoxifen (TAM) treatment 24h after SCI benefits locomotor recovery in female rats. Tamoxifen exerts beneficial effects in male and female rodents but a gap of knowledge exists on: the therapeutic window of TAM, the spatio-temporal mechanisms activated and if this response is sexually dimorphic. We hypothesized that TAM will favor locomotor recovery when administered up-to 24h after SCI in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats received a thoracic (T10) contusion using the MACSIS impactor followed by placebo or TAM (15mg/21days) pellets in a therapeutic window of 0, 6, 12, or 24h. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 7, 14, 28 or 35days post injury (DPI) to study the molecular and cellular changes in the acute and chronic stages. Immediate or delayed therapy (t=6h) improved locomotor function, increased white matter spared tissue, and neuronal survival. TAM reduced reactive gliosis during chronic stages and increased the expression of Olig-2. A significant difference was observed in estrogen receptor alpha between male and female rodents from 2 to 28 DPI suggesting a sexually dimorphic characteristic that could be related to the behavioral differences observed in the therapeutic window of TAM. This study supports the use of TAM in the SCI setting due to its neuroprotective effects but with a significant sexually dimorphic therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Colón
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Pablo A González
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Ámbar Cajigas
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Wanda I Maldonado
- University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, Carolina, PR 00984, USA.
| | - Aranza I Torrado
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - José M Santiago
- University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, Carolina, PR 00984, USA.
| | - Iris K Salgado
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Jorge D Miranda
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Physiology, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
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Anthonymuthu TS, Kenny EM, Amoscato AA, Lewis J, Kochanek PM, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Global assessment of oxidized free fatty acids in brain reveals an enzymatic predominance to oxidative signaling after trauma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2601-2613. [PMID: 28347845 PMCID: PMC5612836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of TBI is complex involving signaling through multiple cascades, including lipid peroxidation. Oxidized free fatty acids, a prominent product of lipid peroxidation, are potent cellular mediators involved in induction and resolution of inflammation and modulation of vasomotor tone. While previous studies have assessed lipid peroxidation after TBI, to our knowledge no studies have used a systematic approach to quantify the global oxidative changes in free fatty acids. In this study, we identified and quantified 244 free fatty acid oxidation products using a newly developed global liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. This methodology was used to follow the time course of these lipid species in the contusional cortex of our pediatric rat model of TBI. We show that oxidation peaked at 1h after controlled cortical impact and was progressively attenuated at 4 and 24h time points. While enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways were activated at 1h post-TBI, enzymatic lipid peroxidation was the predominant mechanism with 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) contributing to the majority of total oxidized fatty acid content. Pro-inflammatory lipid mediators were significantly increased at 1 and 4h after TBI with return to basal levels by 24h. Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators remained significantly increased across all three time points, indicating an elevated and sustained anti-inflammatory response following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Kenny
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Jesse Lewis
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
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Kochanek PM, Bayır H. Titrating the Dose of Oxygen after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the Era of Precision Medicine. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:3067-3069. [PMID: 28537530 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Kochanek
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, John G. Rangos Research Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hülya Bayır
- 2 Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, John G. Rangos Research Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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34
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Cruz-Haces M, Tang J, Acosta G, Fernandez J, Shi R. Pathological correlations between traumatic brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2017; 6:20. [PMID: 28702179 PMCID: PMC5504572 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-017-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is among the most common causes of death and disability in youth and young adults. In addition to the acute risk of morbidity with moderate to severe injuries, traumatic brain injury is associated with a number of chronic neurological and neuropsychiatric sequelae including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, despite the high incidence of traumatic brain injuries and the established clinical correlation with neurodegeneration, the causative factors linking these processes have not yet been fully elucidated. Apart from removal from activity, few, if any prophylactic treatments against post-traumatic brain injury neurodegeneration exist. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and neurodegeneration in order to identify potential factors that initiate neurodegenerative processes. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity have previously been implicated in both secondary brain injury and neurodegeneration. In particular, reactive oxygen species appear to be key in mediating molecular insult in neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity. As such, it is likely that post injury oxidative stress is a key mechanism which links traumatic brain injury to increased risk of neurodegeneration. Consequently, reactive oxygen species and their subsequent byproducts may serve as novel fluid markers for identification and monitoring of cellular damage. Furthermore, these reactive species may further serve as a suitable therapeutic target to reduce the risk of post-injury neurodegeneration and provide long term quality of life improvements for those suffering from traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cruz-Haces
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Glen Acosta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Joseph Fernandez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
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35
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Does sex matter? Effects on venous thromboembolism risk in screened trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 81:493-9. [PMID: 27280942 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex is associated with disparate risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in nontrauma patients, with increased risk seen during pregnancy and in women on hormone-containing medications. Sex effects on VTE after trauma are unclear. Some studies have demonstrated no effect whereas others have instead shown a higher incidence of VTE among men. We hypothesized that male sex would increase the risk of VTE across all age groups in trauma patients undergoing standardized duplex screening. METHODS All admissions to a Level I academic trauma center 2000 to 2014 were reviewed. We excluded patients for age <18 years, pregnancy, pre-admission anticoagulant use, and hospital length of stay (LOS) <72 hours. A strict venous duplex screening protocol was followed. Female patients were subcategorized into pre- and post-menopausal groups based on age (18-44 vs. ≥ 55 years). Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to identify variables correlating with VTE risk. RESULTS A total of 8,726 patients met inclusion criteria. The overall VTE rate was 5.3%. Bivariate analysis did not find a difference in VTE risk by sex (5.1% women vs. 5.4% men, p = 0.565), or between women and men within age-defined menopausal categories (pre-menopausal women 3.9% vs. men 4.7%, p = 0.293; post-menopausal women 5.9% vs. men 7.0%, p = 0.22). Logistic regression (see figure) did identify other risk factors for VTE including age ≥55 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.0), increasing ISS (AOR 1.5-2.1), penetrating mechanism of injury (AOR 2.2), lower extremity injury (AOR 1.7), need for mechanical ventilation (AOR 2.1), and increasing hospital length of stay (LOS 7-28 days, AOR 3.8; LOS > 28 days, AOR 9.1). CONCLUSION There was no difference in VTE rates based on patient sex, even after controlling for menopausal status. Aggressive VTE screening of over 8,700 patients did identify several other patient populations at increased risk of developing VTE. More intensive VTE prophylaxis may be appropriate in these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level III; therapeutic study, level V.
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Monte AS, Mello BSF, Borella VCM, da Silva Araujo T, da Silva FER, Sousa FCFD, de Oliveira ACP, Gama CS, Seeman MV, Vasconcelos SMM, Lucena DFD, Macêdo D. Two-hit model of schizophrenia induced by neonatal immune activation and peripubertal stress in rats: Study of sex differences and brain oxidative alterations. Behav Brain Res 2017; 331:30-37. [PMID: 28527693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered to be a developmental disorder with distinctive sex differences. Aiming to simulate the vulnerability of the third trimester of human pregnancy to the developmental course of schizophrenia, an animal model was developed, using neonatal poly(I:C) as a first-hit, and peripubertal stress as a second-hit, i.e. a two-hit model. Since, to date, there have been no references to sex differences in the two-hit model, our study sought to determine sex influences on the development of behavior and brain oxidative change in adult rats submitted to neonatal exposure to poly(I:C) on postnatal days 5-7 as well as peripubertal unpredictable stress (PUS). Our results showed that adult two-hit rats present sex-specific behavioral alterations, with females showing more pronounced deficits in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex and hyperlocomotion, while males showing more deficits in social interaction. Male and female animals exhibited similar working memory deficits. The levels of the endogenous antioxidant, reduced glutathione, were decreased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of both male and female animals exposed to both poly(I:C) and poly(I:C)+PUS. Only females presented decrements in GSH levels in the striatum. Nitrite levels were increased in the PFC of male and in the striatum of female poly(I:C)+PUS rats. Increased lipid peroxidation was observed in the PFC of females and in the striatum of males and females exposed to poly(I:C) and poly(I:C)+PUS. Thus, the present study presents evidence for sex differences in behavior and oxidative brain change induced by a two-hit model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Santos Monte
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Stefânia Ferreira Mello
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Vládia Célia Moreira Borella
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane da Silva Araujo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Francisca Cléa F de Sousa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Clarissa Severino Gama
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Departament of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - David Freitas De Lucena
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Developmental Psychiatry (INCT - INPD, CNPq), Brazil.
| | - Danielle Macêdo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brazil.
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A blood-based biomarker panel to risk-stratify mild traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173798. [PMID: 28355230 PMCID: PMC5371303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for the vast majority of the nearly two million brain injuries suffered in the United States each year. Mild TBI is commonly classified as complicated (radiographic evidence of intracranial injury) or uncomplicated (radiographically negative). Such a distinction is important because it helps to determine the need for further neuroimaging, potential admission, or neurosurgical intervention. Unfortunately, imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are costly and not without some risk. The purpose of this study was to screen 87 serum biomarkers to identify a select panel of biomarkers that would predict the presence of intracranial injury as determined by initial brain CT. Serum was collected from 110 patients who sustained a mild TBI within 24 hours of blood draw. Two models were created. In the broad inclusive model, 72kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-2), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase B type (CKBB), fatty acid binding protein—heart (hFABP), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and malondialdehyde modified low density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) significantly predicted injury visualized on CT, yielding an overall c-statistic of 0.975 and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.6. In the parsimonious model, MMP-2, CRP, and CKBB type significantly predicted injury visualized on CT, yielding an overall c-statistic of 0.964 and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.2. These results suggest that a serum based biomarker panel can accurately differentiate patients with complicated mild TBI from those with uncomplicated mild TBI. Such a panel could be useful to guide early triage decisions, including the need for further evaluation or admission, especially in those environments in which resources are limited.
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Roberts RA, Aschner M, Calligaro D, Guilarte TR, Hanig JP, Herr DW, Hudzik TJ, Jeromin A, Kallman MJ, Liachenko S, Lynch JJ, Miller DB, Moser VC, O'Callaghan JP, Slikker W, Paule MG. Translational Biomarkers of Neurotoxicity: A Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Perspective on the Way Forward. Toxicol Sci 2016; 148:332-40. [PMID: 26609132 PMCID: PMC4659531 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity has been linked to a number of common drugs and chemicals, yet efficient and accurate methods to detect it are lacking. There is a need for more sensitive and specific biomarkers of neurotoxicity that can help diagnose and predict neurotoxicity that are relevant across animal models and translational from nonclinical to clinical data. Fluid-based biomarkers such as those found in serum, plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have great potential due to the relative ease of sampling compared with tissues. Increasing evidence supports the potential utility of fluid-based biomarkers of neurotoxicity such as microRNAs, F2-isoprostanes, translocator protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, myelin basic protein, microtubule-associated protein-2, and total tau. However, some of these biomarkers such as those in CSF require invasive sampling or are specific to one disease such as Alzheimer’s, while others require further validation. Additionally, neuroimaging methodologies, including magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography, may also serve as potential biomarkers and have several advantages including being minimally invasive. The development of biomarkers of neurotoxicity is a goal shared by scientists across academia, government, and industry and is an ideal topic to be addressed via the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) framework which provides a forum to collaborate on key challenging scientific topics. Here we utilize the HESI framework to propose a consensus on the relative potential of currently described biomarkers of neurotoxicity to assess utility of the selected biomarkers using a nonclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Roberts
- *ApconiX, BioHub at Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - David Calligaro
- Eli Lilly & Co., Pharmacology/Toxicology Research Lilly Research Labs, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | | | - Joseph P Hanig
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - David W Herr
- US EPA, Toxicology Assessment Division, NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, North Carolona 27711
| | | | | | - Mary J Kallman
- Covance, Inc., 8211 SciCor Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46214
| | - Serguei Liachenko
- **U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | | | - Diane B Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505; and
| | - Virginia C Moser
- US EPA, Toxicology Assessment Division, NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, North Carolona 27711
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505; and
| | - William Slikker
- **U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Merle G Paule
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505; and
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Anthonymuthu TS, Kenny EM, Bayır H. Therapies targeting lipid peroxidation in traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2016; 1640:57-76. [PMID: 26872597 PMCID: PMC4870119 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation can be broadly defined as the process of inserting a hydroperoxy group into a lipid. Polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the phospholipids are often the targets for peroxidation. Phospholipids are indispensable for normal structure of membranes. The other important function of phospholipids stems from their role as a source of lipid mediators - oxygenated free fatty acids that are derived from lipid peroxidation. In the CNS, excessive accumulation of either oxidized phospholipids or oxygenated free fatty acids may be associated with damage occurring during acute brain injury and subsequent inflammatory responses. There is a growing body of evidence that lipid peroxidation occurs after severe traumatic brain injury in humans and correlates with the injury severity and mortality. Identification of the products and sources of lipid peroxidation and its enzymatic or non-enzymatic nature is essential for the design of mechanism-based therapies. Recent progress in mass spectrometry-based lipidomics/oxidative lipidomics offers remarkable opportunities for quantitative characterization of lipid peroxidation products, providing guidance for targeted development of specific therapeutic modalities. In this review, we critically evaluate previous attempts to use non-specific antioxidants as neuroprotectors and emphasize new approaches based on recent breakthroughs in understanding of enzymatic mechanisms of lipid peroxidation associated with specific death pathways, particularly apoptosis. We also emphasize the role of different phospholipases (calcium-dependent and -independent) in hydrolysis of peroxidized phospholipids and generation of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Brain injury and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Selvan Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Elizabeth Megan Kenny
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Childrens׳s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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Chakrabarti M, Das A, Samantaray S, Smith JA, Banik NL, Haque A, Ray SK. Molecular mechanisms of estrogen for neuroprotection in spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:271-81. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEstrogen (EST) is a steroid hormone that exhibits several important physiological roles in the human body. During the last few decades, EST has been well recognized as an important neuroprotective agent in a variety of neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The exact molecular mechanisms of EST-mediated neuroprotection in the CNS remain unclear due to heterogeneity of cell populations that express EST receptors (ERs) in the CNS as well as in the innate and adaptive immune system. Recent investigations suggest that EST protects the CNS from injury by suppressing pro-inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and cell death, while promoting neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurotrophic support. In this review, we have described the currently known molecular mechanisms of EST-mediated neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in SCI and TBI. At the same time, we have emphasized on the recent in vitro and in vivo findings from our and other laboratories, implying potential clinical benefits of EST in the treatment of SCI and TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Arabinda Das
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Supriti Samantaray
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joshua A. Smith
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L. Banik
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Swapan K. Ray
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Renner CIE. Interrelation between Neuroendocrine Disturbances and Medical Complications Encountered during Rehabilitation after TBI. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1815-40. [PMID: 26402710 PMCID: PMC4600161 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is not a discrete event but an unfolding sequence of damage to the central nervous system. Not only the acute phase but also the subacute and chronic period after injury, i.e., during inpatient rehabilitation, is characterized by multiple neurotransmitter alterations, cellular dysfunction, and medical complications causing additional secondary injury. Neuroendocrine disturbances also influence neurological outcome and are easily overlooked as they often present with diffuse symptoms such as fatigue, depression, poor concentration, or a decline in overall cognitive function; these are also typical sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Furthermore, neurological complications such as hydrocephalus, epilepsy, fatigue, disorders of consciousness, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, or psychiatric-behavioural symptoms may mask and/or complicate the diagnosis of neuroendocrine disturbances, delay appropriate treatment and impede neurorehabilitation. The present review seeks to examine the interrelation between neuroendocrine disturbances with neurological complications frequently encountered after moderate to severe TBI during rehabilitation. Common neuroendocrine disturbances and medical complications and their clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I E Renner
- Neurological Rehabilitation Centre, University of Leipzig, Muldentalweg 1, D-04828 Bennewitz bei Leipzig, Germany.
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Yen HC, Chen TW, Yang TC, Wei HJ, Hsu JC, Lin CL. Levels of F2-isoprostanes, F4-neuroprostanes, and total nitrate/nitrite in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with traumatic brain injury. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1419-30. [PMID: 26271312 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1080363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Several events occurring during the secondary damage of traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause oxidative stress. F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs) and F(4)-neuroprostanes (F(4)-NPs) are specific lipid peroxidation markers generated from arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, respectively. In this study, we evaluated oxidative stress in patients with moderate and severe TBI. Since sedatives are routinely used to treat TBI patients and propofol has been considered an antioxidant, TBI patients were randomly treated with propofol or midazolam for 72 h postoperation. We postoperatively collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from 15 TBI patients for 6-10 d and a single specimen of CSF or plasma from 11 controls. Compared with the controls, the TBI patients exhibited elevated levels of F(2)-IsoPs and F(4)-NPs in CSF throughout the postsurgery period regardless of the sedative used. Compared with the group of patients who received midazolam, those who received propofol exhibited markedly augmented levels of plasma F(2)-IsoPs, which were associated with higher F(4)-NPs levels and lower total nitrate/nitrite levels in CSF early in the postsurgery period. Furthermore, the higher CSF F(2)-IsoPs levels correlated with 6-month and 12-month worse outcomes, which were graded according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The results demonstrate enhanced oxidative damage in the brain of TBI patients and the association of higher CSF levels of F(2)-IsoPs with a poor outcome. Moreover, propofol treatment might promote lipid peroxidation in the circulation, despite possibly suppressing nitric oxide or peroxynitrite levels in CSF, because of the increased loading of the lipid components from the propofol infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Yen
- a Graduate Institute and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - T-W Chen
- a Graduate Institute and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - T-C Yang
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - H-J Wei
- a Graduate Institute and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - J-C Hsu
- c Department of Anesthesiology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - C-L Lin
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
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Célia Moreira Borella V, Seeman MV, Carneiro Cordeiro R, Vieira dos Santos J, Romário Matos de Souza M, Nunes de Sousa Fernandes E, Santos Monte A, Maria Mendes Vasconcelos S, Quinn JP, de Lucena DF, Carvalho AF, Macêdo D. Gender and estrous cycle influences on behavioral and neurochemical alterations in adult rats neonatally administered ketamine. Dev Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26215537 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade in rodents triggers schizophrenia (SCZ)-like alterations during adult life. SCZ is influenced by gender in age of onset, premorbid functioning, and course. Estrogen, the hormone potentially driving the gender differences in SCZ, is known to present neuroprotective effects such as regulate oxidative pathways and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Thus, the aim of this study was to verify if differences in gender and/or estrous cycle phase during adulthood would influence the development of behavioral and neurochemical alterations in animals neonatally administered ketamine. The results showed that ketamine-treated male (KT-male) and female-in-diestrus (KTF-diestrus, the low estrogen phase) presented significant deficits in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex and spatial working memory, two behavioral SCZ endophenotypes. On the contrary, female ketamine-treated rats during proestrus (KTF-proestrus, the high estradiol phase) had no behavioral alterations. This correlated with an oxidative imbalance in the hippocampus (HC) of both male and KTF-diestrus female rats, that is, decreased levels of GSH and increased levels of lipid peroxidation and nitrite. Similarly, BDNF was decreased in the KTF-diestrus rats while no alterations were observed in KTF-proestrus and male animals. The changes in the HC were in contrast to those in the prefrontal cortex in which only increased levels of nitrite in all groups studied were observed. Thus, there is a gender difference in the adult rat HC in response to ketamine neonatal administration, which is based on the estrous cycle. This is discussed in relation to neuropsychiatric conditions and in particular SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vládia Célia Moreira Borella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafaela Carneiro Cordeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Júnia Vieira dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Romário Matos de Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ethel Nunes de Sousa Fernandes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline Santos Monte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - John P Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David F de Lucena
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macêdo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Evans TM, Jaramillo CA, Sataranatarajan K, Watts L, Sabia M, Qi W, Van Remmen H. The effect of mild traumatic brain injury on peripheral nervous system pathology in wild-type mice and the G93A mutant mouse model of motor neuron disease. Neuroscience 2015; 298:410-23. [PMID: 25921732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a risk of neurodegenerative disease. Some suggest a link between TBI and motor neuron disease (MND), including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To investigate the potential mechanisms linking TBI to MND, we measured motor function and neuropathology following mild-TBI in wild-type and a transgenic model of ALS, G93A mutant mice. Mild-TBI did not alter the lifespan of G93A mice or age of onset; however, rotarod performance was impaired in G93A verses wild-type mice. Grip strength was reduced only in G93A mice after mild-TBI. Increased electromyography (EMG) abnormalities and markers of denervation (AchR, Runx1) indicate that mild-TBI may result in peripheral effects that are exaggerated in G93A mice. Markers of inflammation (cell edema, astrogliosis and microgliosis) were detected at 24 and 72h in the brain and spinal cord in wild-type and G93A mice. Levels of F2-isoprostanes, a marker of oxidative stress, were increased in the spinal cord 24h post mild-TBI in wild-type mice but were not affected by TBI in G93A mice. In summary, our data demonstrate that mild-TBI induces inflammation and oxidative stress and negatively impacts muscle denervation and motor performance, suggesting mild-TBI can potentiate motor neuron pathology and influence the development of MND in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - C A Jaramillo
- Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - K Sataranatarajan
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - L Watts
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - M Sabia
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - W Qi
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - H Van Remmen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Peterson BL, Won S, Geddes RI, Sayeed I, Stein DG. Sex-related differences in effects of progesterone following neonatal hypoxic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 2015; 286:152-65. [PMID: 25746450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is no satisfactory therapeutic intervention for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy. Progesterone is known to be effective in treating traumatic brain injury in adult animals but its effects in neonatal brains have not been reported. Brain injuries were induced by a unilateral common carotid artery ligation plus hypoxia exposure. Progesterone was administered immediately after hypoxia and daily for 5 days at 8 mg/kg, followed by a tapered dose for two days. At six weeks post-injury, lesion size and inflammatory factors were evaluated. Progesterone-treated, HI-injured male animals, but not females, showed significant long-term tissue protection compared to vehicle, suggesting an important sex difference in neuroprotection. Progesterone-treated, HI-injured male rats had fewer activated microglia in the cortex and hippocampus compared to controls. The rats were tested for neurological reflexes, motor asymmetry, and cognitive performance at multiple time points. The injured animals exhibited few detectable motor deficits, suggesting a high level of age- and injury-related neuroplasticity. There were substantial sex differences on several behavioral tests, indicating that immature males and females should be analyzed separately. Progesterone-treated animals showed modest beneficial effects in both sexes compared to vehicle-treated injured animals. Sham animals given progesterone did not behave differently from vehicle-treated sham animals on any measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Peterson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Soonmi Won
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rastafa I Geddes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Iqbal Sayeed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Donald G Stein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Kochanek PM, Jackson TC. It might be time to let cooler heads prevail after mild traumatic brain injury or concussion. Exp Neurol 2015; 267:13-7. [PMID: 25732932 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, 3434 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Travis C Jackson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, 3434 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Lazarus RC, Buonora JE, Jacobowitz DM, Mueller GP. Protein carbonylation after traumatic brain injury: cell specificity, regional susceptibility, and gender differences. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:89-100. [PMID: 25462645 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein carbonylation is a well-documented and quantifiable consequence of oxidative stress in several neuropathologies, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer׳s disease, and Parkinson׳s disease. Although oxidative stress is a hallmark of traumatic brain injury (TBI), little work has explored the specific neural regions and cell types in which protein carbonylation occurs. Furthermore, the effect of gender on protein carbonylation after TBI has not been studied. The present investigation was designed to determine the regional and cell specificity of TBI-induced protein carbonylation and how this response to injury is affected by gender. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize protein carbonylation in the brains of adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) as an injury model of TBI. Cell-specific markers were used to colocalize the presence of carbonylated proteins in specific cell types, including astrocytes, neurons, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Results also indicated that the injury lesion site, ventral portion of the dorsal third ventricle, and ventricular lining above the median eminence showed dramatic increases in protein carbonylation after injury. Specifically, astrocytes and limited regions of ependymal cells adjacent to the dorsal third ventricle and the median eminence were most susceptible to postinjury protein carbonylation. However, these patterns of differential susceptibility to protein carbonylation were gender dependent, with males showing significantly greater protein carbonylation at sites distant from the lesion. Proteomic analyses were also conducted and determined that the proteins most affected by carbonylation in response to TBI include glial fibrillary acidic protein, dihydropyrimidase-related protein 2, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C, and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A. Many other proteins, however, were not carbonylated by CCI. These findings indicate that there is both regional and protein specificity in protein carbonylation after TBI. The marked increase in carbonylation seen in ependymal layers distant from the lesion suggests a mechanism involving the transmission of a cerebral spinal fluid-borne factor to these sites. Furthermore, this process is affected by gender, suggesting that hormonal mechanisms may serve a protective role against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Lazarus
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John E Buonora
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - David M Jacobowitz
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gregory P Mueller
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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48
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Demarest TG, McCarthy MM. Sex differences in mitochondrial (dys)function: Implications for neuroprotection. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 47:173-88. [PMID: 25293493 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have revealed numerous differences in brain structure size, connectivity and metabolism between males and females. Sex differences in neurobehavioral and cognitive function after various forms of central nervous system (CNS) injury are observed in clinical practice and animal research studies. Sources of sex differences include early life exposure to gonadal hormones, chromosome compliment and adult hormonal modulation. It is becoming increasingly apparent that mitochondrial metabolism and cell death signaling are also sexually dimorphic. Mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction is a common feature of CNS injury. Evidence suggests males predominantly utilize proteins while females predominantly use lipids as a fuel source within mitochondria and that these differences may significantly affect cellular survival following injury. These fundamental biochemical differences have a profound impact on energy production and many cellular processes in health and disease. This review will focus on the accumulated evidence revealing sex differences in mitochondrial function and cellular signaling pathways in the context of CNS injury mechanisms and the potential implications for neuroprotective therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G Demarest
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,
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49
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Chakrabarti M, Haque A, Banik NL, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Ray SK. Estrogen receptor agonists for attenuation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Brain Res Bull 2014; 109:22-31. [PMID: 25245209 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent results from laboratory investigations and clinical trials indicate important roles for estrogen receptor (ER) agonists in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from noxious consequences of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative processes in several CNS disorders including spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with activation of microglia and astrocytes, which drive the resident neuroinflammatory response. During neurodegenerative processes, activated microglia and astrocytes cause deleterious effects on surrounding neurons. The inhibitory activity of ER agonists on microglia activation might be a beneficial therapeutic option for delaying the onset or progression of neurodegenerative injuries and diseases. Recent studies suggest that ER agonists can provide neuroprotection by modulation of cell survival mechanisms, synaptic reorganization, regenerative responses to axonal injury, and neurogenesis process. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of ER agonists are mediated mainly via two ERs known as ERα and ERβ. Although some studies have suggested that ER agonists may be deleterious to some neuronal populations, the potential clinical benefits of ER agonists for augmenting cognitive function may triumph over the associated side effects. Also, understanding the modulatory activities of ER agonists on inflammatory pathways will possibly lead to the development of selective anti-inflammatory molecules with neuroprotective roles in different CNS disorders such as SCI, MS, PD, and AD in humans. Future studies should be concentrated on finding the most plausible molecular pathways for enhancing protective functions of ER agonists in treating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative injuries and diseases in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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Pommerening MJ, Schwartz DA, Cohen MJ, Schreiber MA, del Junco DJ, Camp EA, Wade CE, Holcomb JB, Cotton BA. Hypercoagulability after injury in premenopausal females: A prospective, multicenter study. Surgery 2014; 156:439-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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