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Vijayaram S, Razafindralambo H, Ghafarifarsani H, Sun YZ, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Synergetic response on herbal and probiotic applications: a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01318-5. [PMID: 38411877 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Herbs and their by-products are important traditional medicines and food supplements; they provide numerous beneficial effects for animals. Consequently, probiotics are living cell organisms, nontoxic, and friendly microbes. Probiotics have numerous beneficial activities such as inhibition of pathogens, enhancement of the immune system, growth, disease resistance, improving water quality, reducing toxic effects, synthesis of vitamins, prevention of cancer, reduction of irritable bowel syndrome, and more positive responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic combinations have more active responses and produce new substances to enhance beneficial responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic mixture report is still limited applications for animals. However, the mechanisms by which they interact with the immune system and gut microbiota in animals are largely unclear. This review provides some information on the effect of herbal and probiotic blend on animals. This review discusses current research advancements to fulfill research gaps and promote effective and healthy animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerengaraj Vijayaram
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hary Razafindralambo
- ProBioLab, Campus Universitaire de La Faculté de Gembloux AgroBio Tech/Université de Liège, B5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Singh S, Sharma K, Sharma H. Green Extracts with Metal-based Nanoparticles for Treating Inflammatory Diseases: A Review. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:544-570. [PMID: 37278036 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230602164325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, high death rates and poor quality of life are caused mainly by inflammatory diseases. Corticosteroids, which may have systemic side effects and would enhance the risk of infection, are the common forms of therapy. The field of nanomedicine has created composite nanoparticles that carry a pharmacological carrier and target ligands for distribution to sites of inflammation with less systemic toxicity. However, their relatively large size often causes systemic clearance. An interesting approach is metal-based nanoparticles that naturally reduce inflammation. They are made not only to be small enough to pass through biological barriers but also to allow label-free monitoring of their interactions with cells. The following literature review discusses the mechanistic analysis of the anti-inflammatory properties of several metal-based nanoparticles, including gold, silver, titanium dioxide, selenium, and zinc oxide. Current research focuses on the mechanisms by which nanoparticles infiltrate cells and the anti-inflammatory techniques using herbal extracts-based nanoparticles. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the literature on many environmentally friendly sources employed in nanoparticle production and the mechanisms of action of various nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Khushi Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Computer Engineering & Applications GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
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Foshati S, Poursadeghfard M, Heidari Z, Amani R. The effects of ginger supplementation on common gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:383. [PMID: 37891539 PMCID: PMC10605938 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms affect more than 80% of individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Ginger is widely known for its GI relieving properties. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ginger supplementation on common GI symptoms in RRMS patients. METHODS This study was a 12-week double-blind parallel randomized controlled trial with a 3-week run-in period. The intervention (n = 26) and control (n = 26) groups received 500 mg ginger and placebo (as corn) supplements 3 times a day along with main meals, respectively. At the beginning and end of the trial, the frequency and severity of constipation, dysphagia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, belching, flatulence, heartburn, anorexia, and nausea were assessed using the visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm. Totally, 49 participants completed the study. However, data analysis was performed on all 52 participants based on the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS In comparison with placebo, ginger supplementation resulted in significant or near-significant reductions in the frequency (-23.63 ± 5.36 vs. 14.81 ± 2.78, P < 0.001) and severity (-24.15 ± 5.10 vs. 11.39 ± 3.23, P < 0.001) of constipation, the frequency (-12.41 ± 3.75 vs. 3.75 ± 1.82, P < 0.001) and severity (-13.43 ± 4.91 vs. 6.88 ± 2.69, P = 0.001) of nausea, the frequency (-9.31 ± 4.44 vs. 1.56 ± 4.05, P = 0.098) and severity (-11.57 ± 5.09 vs. 3.97 ± 3.99, P = 0.047) of bloating, and the severity of abdominal pain (-5.69 ± 3.66 vs. 3.43 ± 3.26, P = 0.069). CONCLUSION Ginger consumption can improve constipation, nausea, bloating, and abdominal pain in patients with RRMS. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir ) under the registration number IRCT20180818040827N3 on 06/10/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Foshati
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Poursadeghfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Dewanjee S, Sohel M, Hossain MS, Ansari F, Islam MT, Sultana F, Al Mamun A, Islam MM, Amin MN. A comprehensive review on clinically proven natural products in the management of nerve pain, with mechanistic insights. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15346. [PMID: 37159686 PMCID: PMC10163606 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction People are treating their neuropathic pain with several approved and licensed pharmacological drugs. But due to having existing limitations like low efficacy with some side effects, there needs to be a more effective alternative and complementary therapeutic options. Purpose s: The study was designed to discuss the mechanistic role of several clinically proven natural products that have been shown to play a significant role against different nerve pain or neuropathic pain. Method ology: Information for this review article was salvaged using several accessible searching databases like SciVerse Scopus ® (Elsevier Properties S. A, USA), Web of Science® (Thomson Reuters, USA), and PubMed® (U.S. National Library of Medicine, USA) considering some search items like - nerve pain, natural products in pain/nerve pain management, clinically proven natural products in pain management, pain-reducing agents and so on. Result Our study reported the therapeutic efficacy of natural products and their possible mechanism against neuropathic pain in the human body. Natural products widely used to treat neuropathic pain include comfrey root extract ointment, lavender oil, Rose Oil, aromatic essential oil, ginger oil, vitex agnus-castus, peganum oil, and ajwain 10%. Some common pathways are involved in pain relief through sensory stimulation, enzymatic, anti-inflammatory, and pain-related receptor regulation. Conclusion The present study suggests that the mentioned natural products can be an appropriate choice for the treatment and management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Dewanjee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Health Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tofikul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Sultana
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230. Bangladesh.
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Sharma S, Shukla MK, Sharma KC, Tirath, Kumar L, Anal JMH, Upadhyay SK, Bhattacharyya S, Kumar D. Revisiting the therapeutic potential of gingerols against different pharmacological activities. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:633-647. [PMID: 36585999 PMCID: PMC9803890 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The rhizomes of ginger have been in use in many forms of traditional and alternative medicines. Besides being employed as condiment and flavoring agent, it is used in the treatment of nausea, osteoarthritis, muscle pain, menstrual pain, chronic indigestion, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Ginger rhizome contains volatile oils, phenolic compounds and resins, and characterization studies showed that [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, and [6]-paradol are reported to be the pharmacologically active components. Gingerol is a major chemical constituent found as volatile oil in the rhizomes of ginger. It has several medicinal benefits and used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, nausea, cancer, and diabetes. Many studies have been carried out in various parts of the world to isolate and standardize gingerol for their use as a complementary medicine. The present review summarizes wide range of research studies on gingerol and its pharmacological roles in various metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan-173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Monu Kumar Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan-173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Krishan Chander Sharma
- Department of Entomology, School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Solan-173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tirath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan-173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh-173229 India
| | - Jasha Momo H. Anal
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | | | - Sanjib Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Traditional Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan-173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Sharma M, Rathi R, Kaur S, Singh I, Kadir EA, Chahardehi AM, Lim V. Antiinflammatory activity of herbal bioactive-based formulations for topical administration. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPY 2023:245-277. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99988-5.00015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Gurung A, Khatiwada B, Kayastha B, Parsekar S, Mistry SK, Yadav UN. Effectiveness of Zingiber Officinale(ginger) compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and complementary therapy in primary dysmenorrhoea: A systematic review. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ballester P, Cerdá B, Arcusa R, Marhuenda J, Yamedjeu K, Zafrilla P. Effect of Ginger on Inflammatory Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:7223. [PMID: 36364048 PMCID: PMC9654013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and lupus erythematosus are some of common inflammatory diseases. These affections are highly disabling and share signals such as inflammatory sequences and immune dysregulation. The use of foods with anti-inflammatory properties such as ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) could improve the quality of life of these patients. Ginger is a plant widely used and known by its bioactive compounds. There is enough evidence to prove that ginger possesses multiple biological activities, especially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the bioactive compounds of ginger and their role in the inflammatory process and its signaling pathways. We can conclude that the compounds 6-shoagol, zingerone, and 8-shoagol display promising results in human and animal models, reducing some of the main symptoms of some inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. For lupus, 6-gingerol demonstrated a protective attenuating neutrophil extracellular trap release in response to phosphodiesterase inhibition. Ginger decreases NF-kβ in psoriasis, and its short-term administration may be an alternative coadjuvant treatment. Ginger may exert a function of supplementation and protection against cancer. Furthermore, when receiving chemotherapy, ginger may reduce some symptoms of treatment (e.g., nausea).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Begoña Cerdá
- Nutrition, Oxidative Stress and Bioavailability Group, Degree in Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Al-Okbi SY. Date Palm as Source of Nutraceuticals for Health Promotion: a Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:574-591. [PMID: 36125704 PMCID: PMC9750914 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic diseases are problematic to health professional specially when using drugs throughout the course of life with un-tolerated side effects. Returning to nature through using nutraceuticals might have both protective and therapeutic effects. Date palm was claimed to be a good source of such nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients. The purpose of the present review was to spot light on the different phytochemicals, phytonutrients, and remedial effects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in a goal to be utilized in form of nutraceuticals. The possible mechanisms of action of the remedial effects were among the aim of the study. RECENT FINDINGS A protein hydrolyzate prepared from date seed could prevent DNA mutation and susceptibility to cancer. In addition to cancer prevention, date palm fruit improved the treatment outcome of cancer pediatric patients and possesses anti-angiogenic activity as one of the important anticancer mechanisms of action. On the other hand, date seed extracts was recently reported to protect from ulcerative colitis. It seems that all the aforementioned remedial effect might be ascribed to immunoregulatory effect of date palm. These findings proposed that date palm is beneficial for health. Date palm fruit is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, energy, and easily digestible and absorbable sugars that instantaneously replenish and revitalize the body specially after fasting condition. Mineral contents in date fruits include potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium. Diverse health claims were reported to belong to various parts of the tree including the edible part of fruits, the seeds, the leaves, spathe (an envelope-like structure that encloses male and female date palm flowers), and pollen grains due to the presence of different bioactive constituents. The main phytochemicals and phytonutrients reported in date palms are phenolic compounds, carotenoids, sterols, anthocyanins, and others. In folk medicine, date palm fruits are used for enhancing immunity and treating gastrointestinal tract disorders, edema, bronchitis, wound, cancer, as well as infectious diseases. However, the exact health benefits and remedial effects of date palm were not fully and deeply investigated. The present review focused on the bioactive constituents and the reported health benefits of date palm and proposed mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Y. Al-Okbi
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Azimi M, Zahedi MJ. Persian Herbal Medicine in Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:272-281. [PMID: 32525777 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200611132831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to Rome IV, functional dyspepsia is diagnosed with the presence of dyspepsia in the absence of organic or metabolic causes. FD caused by several factors, such as impaired gastric accommodation and hypersensitivity to gastric distention. Several studies have reported the effectiveness of herbal medicine on FD. This article, thus, reviews Persian herbal medicine in FD. METHODS Electronic databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of science and Ovid, were searched so as to find clinical articles related to dyspepsia and herbal medicine by July 2019. Our search strategies were traditional medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, herb, plant, and dyspepsia. We excluded all articles except Persian clinical trials. RESULTS We found 34 clinical trials with 15 herbs and 4 compound herbal remedies like Asparagus racemosus, Brassica oleracea, Cynara scolymus, Ocimum basilicum, Mentha longifolia, Mentha pulegium, Mentha piperata, Pimpinella anisum, Nigella sativa, Mastic gum, Curcuma longa, Pistatio Atlantica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Solanum tuberosum and Zingiber officinale and compound remedies of Rosa damascene & Crocus sativus, Trachyspermum copticom & Apium graveolence, Carum carvi & Mentha pipperata, Gingiber officinalis & Cynara scolymus are effective in functional dyspepsia. CONCLUSION Many people use herbal and traditional remedies for the treatment of disorders such as gastrointestinal disorders, especially in Asian countries. Several studies reported the efficacy of herbal medicine in functional dyspepsia. Although their mechanisms are not fully understood, it seems they can modulate GI motility and improve symptoms of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azimi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zahedi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Venkateswaran M, Jayabal S, Hemaiswarya S, Murugesan S, Enkateswara S, Doble M, Periyasamy S. Polyphenol-rich Indian ginger cultivars ameliorate GLUT4 activity in C2C12 cells, inhibit diabetes-related enzymes and LPS-induced inflammation: An in vitro study. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13600. [PMID: 33403698 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that results in distorted insulin signaling and microvascular complications. Current antidiabetic drugs possess harmful long term side effects, necessitating the need for alternate or compliment therapy with lesser issues. Medicinal plants such as ginger have been reported to possess several beneficial activities including antidiabetic activity. The antidiabetic efficacy of microwave-assisted polyphenolic extracts of Indian ginger cultivars from Odisha (MPO) and Tamil Nadu (MPT) is reported here. MPT and MPO showed insulin stimulated glucose uptake of 1.74 ± 0.25 and 1.47 ± 0.15 fold at 6.25 µg/ml of concentrations in C2C12 cells respectively when compared to control. MPT possessed α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory and anti-glycation properties. It also showed DPPH radical scavenging activity (7.69 ± 0.001%), inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production (1.06 ± 0.004 fold) than the latter and increased the GLUT4 protein expression by 1.4 fold. Major active compounds such as shogaol and gingerol derivatives, curcumene, zingiberone were identified through GC-ESI/MS analysis and D-pinitol (cyclitol) was identified through HPLC analysis in this variety. This is the first paper to report the presence of an antidiabetic compound, D-pinitol, in the ginger variety. Polyphenol rich, biologically potent ginger extracts can be a good food and nutraceutical supplement to address diabetes and related complications. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ginger is a native spice of South Asian Countries including India. Ginger extracts possess several medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. It is used to treat nausea, vomiting and commonly used as a food flavouring agent and dietary food supplement. Our study shows the antidiabetic, anti-glycation and antioxidant efficacy of polyphenol rich Indian ginger cultivars grown in different geographical regions. Variations in the biological activities between the MPT and MPO ginger variety was observed. Different environmental conditions and their corresponding metabolite accumulation can be correlated with the better activity shown by MPT variety. It showed an increased GLUT4 expression even at a lower dose of 6.25 µg/ml. Ginger cultivar, especially MPT variety can be used as an adjuvant therapy for treating diabetes. Therefore, our study indicates that polyphenols rich ginger cultivar has major application in functional food product development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasidharan Jayabal
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Selvakumar Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Subudhi Enkateswara
- Center for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Totsch SK, Kemp KM, Lopez SA, Quinn TL, Meir RY, Gower BA, Sorge RE. The sad weekend: A perilous North American tradition. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2020; 8:100053. [PMID: 33204899 PMCID: PMC7653164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term consumption of poor-quality diet prolonged recovery. Mice with only weekend access to poor-quality diet recovered similarly to those with constant access. Diet composition significantly changed abundance and diversity of bacterial groups in the gut.
Obesity is a global concern and affects millions of Americans who consume poor-quality diets. Diets directly affect the gut microbiota, which can have subsequent effects on inflammation and contribute to other chronic states. Previously we have shown that a Standard American Diet (SAD) increased immune cell activation and prolonged recovery and that a beneficial diet could reduce these negative effects. Here, male and female mice were given access to regular chow (REG), SAD, our Anti-Inflammatory Diet (AID) or a combination of SAD and AID. This latter group was modeled on the commonplace dietary pattern of healthy eating during the week (AID: Monday-Friday) and relaxed eating patterns on the weekend (SAD: Saturday-Sunday). After 14 weeks of diet consumption and an inflammatory injury, we found that the SAD prolonged and the AID promoted recovery. However, recovery was significantly delayed in those mice consuming the AID-SAD, regardless of weekly healthy diet access. In addition, fecal samples taken during the study revealed dramatic differences in microbial community composition, relative abundance of abundant bacterial phyla and alpha diversity. These data confirm the impact of diet on gut microbiota and suggest a relation between abundance of specific bacterial taxa and susceptibility to prolonged recovery from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie K. Totsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Keri M. Kemp
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Salvador A. Lopez
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tammie L. Quinn
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Remy Y. Meir
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Barbara A. Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert E. Sorge
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Rondanelli M, Fossari F, Vecchio V, Gasparri C, Peroni G, Spadaccini D, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Iannello G, Nichetti M, Infantino V, Perna S. Clinical trials on pain lowering effect of ginger: A narrative review. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2843-2856. [PMID: 32436242 PMCID: PMC7754412 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ginger has a pain-reducing effect and it can modulate pain through various mechanisms: inhibition of prostaglandins via the COX and LOX-pathways, antioxidant activity, inibition of the transcription factor nf-kB, or acting as agonist of vanilloid nociceptor. This narrative review summarizes the last 10-year of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in which ginger was traditionally used as a pain reliever for dysmenorrhea, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), osteoarthritis (AO), chronic low back pain (CLBP), and migraine. Regarding dysmenorrhea, six eligible studies suggest a promising effect of oral ginger. As concerned with DOMS, the four eligible RCTs suggested a reduction of inflammation after oral and topical ginger administration. Regarding knee AO, nine RCTs agree in stating that oral and topical use of ginger seems to be effective against pain, while other did not find significant differences. One RCT considered the use of ginger in migraine and suggested its beneficial activity. Finally, one RCT evaluated the effects of Swedish massage with aromatic ginger oil on CLBP demonstrated a reduction in pain. The use of ginger for its pain lowering effect is safe and promising, even though more studies are needed to create a consensus about the dosage of ginger useful for long-term therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Federica Fossari
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Viviana Vecchio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Daniele Spadaccini
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Iannello
- General ManagementAzienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”PaviaItaly
| | - Mara Nichetti
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of ScienceUniversity of BahrainZallaqBahrain
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Crawford C, Boyd C, Berry K, Deuster P. Dietary Ingredients Requiring Further Research Before Evidence-Based Recommendations Can Be Made for Their Use as an Approach to Mitigating Pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 20:1619-1632. [PMID: 30986310 PMCID: PMC6686118 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 55-76% of Service members use dietary supplements for various reasons; although such use has become popular, decisions are often driven by information that is not evidence-based. This work evaluates whether current research on dietary ingredients for chronic musculoskeletal pain provides sufficient evidence to inform decisions for practice and self-care, specifically for Special Operations Forces personnel. METHODS A steering committee convened to develop research questions and factors required for decision-making. Key databases were searched through August 2016. Eligible systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials were assessed for methodological quality. Meta-analysis was applied where feasible. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation was used to determine confidence in the effect estimates. The committee used a decision table to make evidence-informed judgments across decision-making factors and recommendations for practice and self-care use. RESULTS Nineteen dietary ingredients were assessed. No recommendations were given for boswellia, ginger, rose hip, or s-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe); specifically, although ginger can be obtained via food, no recommendation is provided for use as a supplement due to unclear research. Further, there were insufficient strong research on boswellia and SAMe and possible compliance issues (i.e., high number of capsules required daily) associated with rose hip. CONCLUSIONS No recommendations were made when the evidence was low quality or trade-offs were so closely balanced that any recommendation would be too speculative. Research recommendations are provided to enhance the quality and body of evidence for the most promising ingredients. Clinicians and those with chronic pain can rely on evidence-based recommendations to inform their decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Crawford
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Courtney Boyd
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Berry
- Thought Leadership & Innovation Foundation, McLean, Virginia, USA
| | - Patricia Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Heidari-Beni M, Moravejolahkami AR, Gorgian P, Askari G, Tarrahi MJ, Bahreini-Esfahani N. Herbal formulation "turmeric extract, black pepper, and ginger" versus Naproxen for chronic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2067-2073. [PMID: 32180294 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease that can lead to chronic pain and severe disability. Curcumin-an effective ingredient in turmeric with anti inflammatory property-plays an important role in protecting the joints against destructive factors. Gingerols and piperine, are the effective ingredients of ginger and black pepper, which may potentially enhance and sustain the effect of curcumin in this direction. To determine the effect of cosupplementation with turmeric extract, black pepper, and ginger on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis, compared with Naproxen. Sixty patients with two different levels of knee osteoarthritis (Grade 2 and 3) were studied. Individuals were randomly assigned to receive daily turmeric extract, ginger, and black pepper together or Naproxen capsule for 4 weeks. PGE2 was evaluated by ELISA method. 24-hr recall was also assessed. All of participants completed the study. PGE2 decreased significantly in both groups (p < .001), but there was no significant differences between groups. The results of this study indicated that intake of the selected herbs twice a day for 4 weeks may improve the PGE2 levels in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis similar to Naproxen drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir R Moravejolahkami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pegah Gorgian
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad J Tarrahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nimah Bahreini-Esfahani
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Boyd C, Crawford C, Berry K, Deuster P. Conditional Recommendations for Specific Dietary Ingredients as an Approach to Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Evidence-Based Decision Aid for Health Care Providers, Participants, and Policy Makers. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 20:1430-1448. [PMID: 30986301 PMCID: PMC6611527 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 55-76% of Service members use dietary supplements for various reasons; although such use has become popular for a wide range of pain conditions, decisions to use supplements are often driven by information that is not evidence-based. This work evaluates whether the current research on dietary ingredients for chronic musculoskeletal pain provides sufficient evidence to inform decisions for practice and self-care, specifically for Special Operations Forces personnel. METHODS A steering committee convened to develop research questions and factors required for decision-making. Key databases were searched through August 2016. Eligible systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials were assessed for methodological quality. Meta-analysis was applied where feasible. GRADE was used to determine confidence in the effect estimates. A decision table was constructed to make evidence-informed judgments across factors required for decision-making, and recommendations were made for practice and self-care use. RESULTS Nineteen dietary ingredients were included. Conditional evidence-based recommendations were made for the use of avocado soybean unsaponifiables, capsaicin, curcuma, ginger, glucosamine, melatonin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin D. In these cases, desirable effects outweighed undesirable effects, but there was uncertainty about the trade-offs, either because the evidence was low quality or because benefits and downsides were closely balanced. CONCLUSIONS The evidence showed that certain dietary ingredients, when taken as part of a balanced diet and/or as a supplement (e.g., pill, tablet, capsule, cream), may alleviate musculoskeletal pain with no to minimal risk of harm. This finding emphasizes and reinforces the critical importance of shared decision-making between Operators and their health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Boyd
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cindy Crawford
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Berry
- Thought Leadership and Innovation Foundation, McLean, Virginia, USA
| | - Patricia Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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17
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Yocum GT, Hwang JJ, Mikami M, Danielsson J, Kuforiji AS, Emala CW. Ginger and its bioactive component 6-shogaol mitigate lung inflammation in a murine asthma model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L296-L303. [PMID: 31800263 PMCID: PMC7052664 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00249.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma, a common disorder associated with airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, remains a significant clinical burden in need of novel therapeutic strategies. Patients are increasingly seeking complementary and alternative medicine approaches to control their symptoms, including the use of natural products. Ginger, a natural product that we previously demonstrated acutely relaxes airway smooth muscle (ASM), has long been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties, although a precise mechanistic understanding is lacking. In these studies, we demonstrate that chronic administration of whole ginger extract or 6-shogaol, a bioactive component of ginger, mitigates in vivo house dust mite antigen-mediated lung inflammation in mice. We further show that this decrease in inflammation is associated with reduced in vivo airway responsiveness. Utilizing in vitro studies, we demonstrate that 6-shogaol augments cAMP concentrations in CD4 cells, consistent with phosphodiesterase inhibition, and limits the induction of nuclear factor-κB signaling and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in activated CD4 cells. Sustained elevations in cAMP concentration are well known to inhibit effector T cell function. Interestingly, regulatory T cells (Tregs) utilize cAMP as a mediator of their immunosuppressive effects, and we demonstrate here that 6-shogaol augments the Treg polarization of naïve CD4 cells in vitro. Taken together with previous reports, these studies suggest that ginger and 6-shogaol have the potential to combat asthma via two mechanisms: acute ASM relaxation and chronic inhibition of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene T Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Julie J Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Maya Mikami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Danielsson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Aisha S Kuforiji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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18
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Anh NH, Kim SJ, Long NP, Min JE, Yoon YC, Lee EG, Kim M, Kim TJ, Yang YY, Son EY, Yoon SJ, Diem NC, Kim HM, Kwon SW. Ginger on Human Health: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of 109 Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020; 12:E157. [PMID: 31935866 PMCID: PMC7019938 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical applications of ginger with an expectation of clinical benefits are receiving significant attention. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion in terms of the clinical effects of ginger in all reported areas. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline, randomized controlled trials on the effects of ginger were investigated. Accordingly, 109 eligible papers were fully extracted in terms of study design, population characteristics, evaluation systems, adverse effects, and main outcomes. The reporting quality of the included studies was assessed based on the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials and integrated together with studies that investigated the same subjects. The included studies that examined the improvement of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, inflammation, metabolic syndromes, digestive function, and colorectal cancer's markers were consistently supported, whereas other expected functions were relatively controversial. Nevertheless, only 43 clinical trials (39.4%) met the criterion of having a 'high quality of evidence.' In addition to the quality assessment result, small populations and unstandardized evaluation systems were the observed shortcomings in ginger clinical trials. Further studies with adequate designs are warranted to validate the reported clinical functions of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Jung Eun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Young Cheol Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Eun Goo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Mina Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Tae Joon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Yoon Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Eui Young Son
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Nguyen Co Diem
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam;
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.H.A.); (S.J.K.); (N.P.L.); (J.E.M.); (Y.C.Y.); (E.G.L.); (M.K.); (T.J.K.); (Y.Y.Y.); (E.Y.S.); (S.J.Y.); (H.M.K.)
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19
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Esakkimuthu S, Mutheeswaran S, Elankani P, Pandikumar P, Ignacimuthu S. Quantitative analysis of medicinal plants used to treat musculoskeletal ailments by non-institutionally trained siddha practitioners of Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2019; 12:58-64. [PMID: 31003860 PMCID: PMC8039335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Siddha is one of the traditional medical systems of India; previous ethnobotanical survey in Virudhunagar district indicated a high consensus for treating musculoskeletal ailments. Objectives This study was aimed to quantitatively document the medicinal plants used to treat musculoskeletal ailments by non-institutionally trained siddha practitioners of Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and methods This work was the outcome of free-list interviews conducted among 45 informants between April 2016 and January 2017. Sampling sufficiency was assessed by plotting Shannon–Wiener's index and cumulative number of UR. Informant consensus was assessed using Informant Consensus Factor (Fic) and Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR). Results This study recorded the data regarding 116 plant species which were used to prepare 129 formulations; analysis of the data yielded 490 UR. Among these, 65.3% of UR dealt with internal applications and 34.6% dealt with external applications. In the case of internally used formulations, pain and general musculoskeletal ailments had high Fic values. In the case of externally used formulations, headache and pain had high Fic values. Conclusion Important species prescribed by the informants to treat various musculoskeletal ailments were: Azima tetracantha, Ricinus communis, Sesamum indicum, Moringa oleifera, Cardiospermum halicacabum (internal application), Calophyllum inophyllum, Justicia adhatoda, Curcuma longa, Calotropis gigantea, Zingiber officinale, Withania somnifera, Strychnos nux-vomica, Dodonaea viscosa (external application), Azadirachta indica, Clerodendrum phlomidis,Delonix elata, Pergularia daemia and Vitex negundo (internal and external applications). Robust studies on these local claims will help to improve the community healthcare and will yield some novel agents to treat musculoskeletal ailments. Siddha is one of major traditional medicinal systems of India. Non-institutional training is still major in siddha system of medicine. This survey documented the plants used to treat various musculoskeletal ailments. Though there were some scientific evidences; many local claims lack rigorous studies. Further studies will yield some useful clues for the management of various MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esakkimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 034, India
| | - S Mutheeswaran
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 034, India
| | - P Elankani
- Siddha Clinical Research Unit, Government Siddha Medical College Campus, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, 627 002, India
| | - P Pandikumar
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 034, India.
| | - S Ignacimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 034, India
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20
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Nikkhah Bodagh M, Maleki I, Hekmatdoost A. Ginger in gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review of clinical trials. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:96-108. [PMID: 30680163 PMCID: PMC6341159 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, which is used as a spice globally has a long history of medicinal use that stimulates investigators to assess its potential roles as an adjuvant therapy or alternative medicine in a range of diseases. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiulcer effects of ginger have been proven in many scientific studies, and some of the ancient applications of ginger as a home remedy has been confirmed in human. In this review, we summarized the current evidence on the effects of ginger consumption on gastrointestinal disorders based on clinical trials. Our data indicate that divided lower daily dosage of 1500 mg ginger is beneficial for nausea relief. Because of limited number of studies on some other gastrointestinal disorders, the results may not be as much powered as to find significant results. Therefore, more extensive and well-controlled human studies of ginger or its standard extracts are required to demonstrate its efficacy as a gastroprotective agent. Dose-finding studies should be undertaken to accurately determine the effective dose and preparation of ginger in further clinical trials protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Nikkhah Bodagh
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Iradj Maleki
- Gut and Liver Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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21
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Adib Rad H, Basirat Z, Bakouei F, Moghadamnia AA, Khafri S, Farhadi Kotenaei Z, Nikpour M, Kazemi S. Effect of Ginger and Novafen on menstrual pain: A cross-over trial. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:806-809. [PMID: 30545531 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menstrual pain is a periodic pain which happens during the days of menses. The menstrual disturbances as a health problem among young girls affect not only reproductive, but also psychical health and quality of life. This study was done with the goal of comparing the effect of Ginger and Novafen on the menstrual pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS This crossover clinical trial study was done in Iran on 168 single girl students 18-26 years old in Babol University of Medical Sciences with primary menstrual pain. The participants were randomly allocated to two groups receiving the drugs Novafen and Ginger. At the beginning of pain, in the two groups 200 mg capsule was given every 6 h for two serial cycles. Pain severity was measured by the visual scale before treatment, 1 h after consuming the drug (for 24 h) and 48 h after the onset of drug. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 21.83 ± 2.07 years. It has been reported that the intensity of pain from dysmenorrhea decreased in the Novafen and Ginger groups. Before treatment, the average pain intensity in Novafen and Ginger users were 7.12 ± 2.32 and 7.60 ± 1.84, respectively and after treatment pain intensity decreased to 3.10 ± 2.69 and 2.97 ± 2.69, respectively. Differences between two groups each time showed no statistical significance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Both drugs reduced menstrual pain. Ginger as well as Novafen is effective in relieving pain in girls with primary dysmenorrhea . Therefore, treatment with natural herbal medicine, non-synthetic drug, to reduce primary dysmenorrhea is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Adib Rad
- Infertility and Health Reproductive Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Basirat
- Infertility and Health Reproductive Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bakouei
- Infertility and Health Reproductive Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Infertility and Health Reproductive Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Statistic and Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zeynab Farhadi Kotenaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Nursing, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Maryam Nikpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Kazemi
- Department of Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
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22
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Plants of the Genus Zingiber as a Source of Bioactive Phytochemicals: From Tradition to Pharmacy. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122145. [PMID: 29207520 PMCID: PMC6149881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Zingiber (Family Zingiberaceae) are widely used throughout the world as food and medicinal plants. They represent very popular herbal remedies in various traditional healing systems; in particular, rhizome of Zingiber spp. plants has a long history of ethnobotanical uses because of a plethora of curative properties. Antimicrobial activity of rhizome essential oil has been extensively confirmed in vitro and attributed to its chemical components, mainly consisting of monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as α-zingiberene, ar-curcumene, β-bisabolene and β-sesquiphellandrene. In addition, gingerols have been identified as the major active components in the fresh rhizome, whereas shogaols, dehydrated gingerol derivatives, are the predominant pungent constituents in dried rhizome. Zingiber spp. may thus represent a promising and innovative source of natural alternatives to chemical food preservatives. This approach would meet the increasing concern of consumers aware of the potential health risks associated with the conventional antimicrobial agents in food. This narrative review aims at providing a literature overview on Zingiber spp. plants, their cultivation, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and biological activities.
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23
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Phytomedicine in Joint Disorders. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010070. [PMID: 28275210 PMCID: PMC5295114 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic joint inflammatory disorders such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis have in common an upsurge of inflammation, and oxidative stress, resulting in progressive histological alterations and disabling symptoms. Currently used conventional medication (ranging from pain-killers to biological agents) is potent, but frequently associated with serious, even life-threatening side effects. Used for millennia in traditional herbalism, medicinal plants are a promising alternative, with lower rate of adverse events and efficiency frequently comparable with that of conventional drugs. Nevertheless, their mechanism of action is in many cases elusive and/or uncertain. Even though many of them have been proven effective in studies done in vitro or on animal models, there is a scarcity of human clinical evidence. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available scientific information on the following joint-friendly medicinal plants, which have been tested in human studies: Arnica montana, Boswellia spp., Curcuma spp., Equisetum arvense, Harpagophytum procumbens, Salix spp., Sesamum indicum, Symphytum officinalis, Zingiber officinalis, Panax notoginseng, and Whitania somnifera.
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24
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Review of Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Medicines. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:9130979. [PMID: 27247570 PMCID: PMC4877453 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9130979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are progressively used in the treatment of diseases as a complementary medicine. Inflammation is a pathologic condition that includes a wide range of diseases such as rheumatic and immune-mediated conditions, diabetes, cardiovascular accident, and etcetera. We introduce some herbs which their anti-inflammatory effects have been evaluated in clinical and experimental studies. Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis, Borago officinalis, evening primrose, and Devil's claw are some of the introduced medicinal herbs in this review. Since the treatment of inflammation is not a one-dimensional remedy, this review tries to reach a multidimensional therapeutic approach to inflammation with the help of herbal medicine and modification in lifestyle.
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25
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Wilson PB. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an Analgesic and Ergogenic Aid in Sport: A Systemic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:2980-95. [PMID: 26200194 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginger is a popular spice used to treat a variety of maladies, including pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used by athletes to manage and prevent pain; unfortunately, NSAIDs contribute to substantial adverse effects, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, hyponatremia, impairment of connective tissue remodeling, endurance competition withdrawal, and cardiovascular disease. Ginger, however, may act as a promoter of GI integrity and as a bronchodilator. Given these potentially positive effects of ginger, a systematic review of randomized trials was performed to assess the evidence for ginger as an analgesic and ergogenic aid for exercise training and sport. Among 7 studies examining ginger as an analgesic, the evidence indicates that roughly 2 g·d(-1) of ginger may modestly reduce muscle pain stemming from eccentric resistance exercise and prolonged running, particularly if taken for a minimum of 5 days. Among 9 studies examining ginger as an ergogenic aid, no discernable effects on body composition, metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, isometric force generation, or perceived exertion were observed. Limited data suggest that ginger may accelerate recovery of maximal strength after eccentric resistance exercise and reduce the inflammatory response to cardiorespiratory exercise. Major limitations to the research include the use of untrained individuals, insufficient reporting on adverse events, and no direct comparisons with NSAID ingestion. While ginger taken over 1-2 weeks may reduce pain from eccentric resistance exercise and prolonged running, more research is needed to evaluate its safety and efficacy as an analgesic for a wide range of athletic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Wilson
- Nebraska Athletic Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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26
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Zick SM, Turgeon DK, Ren J, Ruffin MT, Wright BD, Sen A, Djuric Z, Brenner DE. Pilot clinical study of the effects of ginger root extract on eicosanoids in colonic mucosa of subjects at increased risk for colorectal cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:908-15. [PMID: 24760534 PMCID: PMC4208969 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant cause of mortality. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) and thus prostaglandin E2, are promising CRC preventives, but have significant toxicities. Ginger has been shown to inhibit COX, to decrease the incidence and multiplicity of adenomas, and decrease PGE2 concentrations in subjects at normal risk for CRC. This study was conducted to determine the effects of 2.0 g/d of ginger given orally on the levels of PGE2, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, and 5-, 12-, & 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, in the colonic mucosa of subjects at increased risk for CRC. We randomized 20 subjects to 2.0 g/d ginger or placebo for 28 d. At baseline and Day 28, a flexible sigmoidoscopy was used to obtain colon biopsies. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was used to determine eicosanoid levels in the biopsies, and levels were expressed per amount of protein or free arachidonic acid (AA). There was a significant decrease in AA between baseline and Day 28 (P = 0.05) and significant increase in LTB4 (P = 0.04) when normalized to protein, in subjects treated with ginger versus placebo. No other changes in eicosanoids were observed. There was no difference between the groups in total adverse events (AE; P = 0.06). Ginger lacks the ability to decrease eicosanoid levels in people at increased risk for CRC. Ginger did appear to be both tolerable and safe; and could have chemopreventive effects through other mechanisms. Further investigation should focus on other markers of CRC risk in those at increased CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna M Zick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- University of Micihgan School of Public Health Department of Enviromental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - D Kim Turgeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mack T Ruffin
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin D Wright
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ananda Sen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zora Djuric
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- University of Micihgan School of Public Health Department of Enviromental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dean E Brenner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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27
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Lakhan SE, Ford CT, Tepper D. Zingiberaceae extracts for pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2015; 14:50. [PMID: 25972154 PMCID: PMC4436156 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the family Zingiberaceae including turmeric, ginger, Javanese ginger, and galangal have been used for centuries in traditional medicine. Preclinical studies of Zingiberaceae extracts have shown analgesic properties. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze whether extracts from Zingiberaceae are clinically effective hypoalgesic agents. Methods Literature was screened from electronic databases using the key words Zingiberaceae AND pain OR visual analogue score (VAS) to identify randomized trials. From this search, 18 studies were identified, and of these, 8 randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials were found that measured pain by VAS for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results Findings indicated significant efficacy of Zingiberaceae extracts in reducing subjective chronic pain (SMD − 0.67; 95 % CI − 1.13 to − 0.21; P = 0.004). A linear dose-effect relationship was apparent between studies (R2 = 0.71). All studies included in the systematic review reported a good safety profile for extracts, without the renal risks associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and with similar effectiveness. Conclusion Our findings indicated that Zingiberaceae extracts are clinically effective hypoalgesic agents and the available data show a better safety profile than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and Zingiberaceae have been associated with a heightened bleeding risk, and there have been no comparator trials of this risk. Further clinical studies are recommended to identify the most effective type of Zingiberaceae extract and rigorously compare safety, including bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen E Lakhan
- Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Christopher T Ford
- Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, Los Angeles, California, USA. .,Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Deborah Tepper
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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28
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Dietary Influence on Pain via the Immune System. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:435-69. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Kashefi F, Khajehei M, Tabatabaeichehr M, Alavinia M, Asili J. Comparison of the effect of ginger and zinc sulfate on primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Pain Manag Nurs 2014; 15:826-33. [PMID: 24559600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea is common among young women and results in their incapacitation; it can be accompanied by various symptoms that can disrupt their lives. The aim of this randomized trial was to compare the effect of ginger, zinc sulfate, and placebo on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea in young women. One hundred and fifty high school students were recruited. The participants were divided into three groups. The first group received ginger capsules, the second group received zinc sulfate capsules, and the third group received placebo capsules. All participants took the medications for four days, from the day before the commencement of menstruation to the third day of their menstrual bleeding. The severity of dysmenorrhea was assessed every 24 hours by the pain visual analog scale. The severity of pain was significantly different between, before, and after the intervention in both the ginger and the zinc sulfate groups (p < .001). Compared with the placebo receiving group, participants receiving ginger and zinc sulfate reported more alleviation of pain during the intervention (p < .05). Ginger and zinc sulfate had similar positive effects on the improvement of primary dysmenorrheal pain in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Nursing and Midwifery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alavinia
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Office of Ministry of Health and Medical Education, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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30
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Jafarzadeh A, Mohammadi-Kordkhayli M, Ahangar-Parvin R, Azizi V, Khoramdel-Azad H, Shamsizadeh A, Ayoobi A, Nemati M, Hassan ZM, Moazeni SM, Khaksari M. Ginger extracts influence the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and ameliorates the clinical symptoms of disease. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 276:80-8. [PMID: 25175065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of the IL-27 and IL-33 and the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger have been reported in some studies. The aim was to evaluate the effects of the ginger extract on the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In PBS-treated EAE mice the expression of IL-27 P28 was significantly lower whereas the expression of IL-33 was significantly higher than unimmunized control mice. In 200 and 300 mg/kg ginger-treated EAE groups the expression of IL-27 P28 and IL-27 EBI3 was significantly higher whereas the expression of IL-33 was significantly lower than PBS-treated EAE mice. The EAE clinical symptoms and the pathological scores were significantly lower in ginger-treated EAE groups. These results showed that the ginger extract modulates the expression of the IL-27 and IL-33 in the spinal cord of EAE mice and ameliorates the clinical symptoms of disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Central Nervous System/drug effects
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Female
- Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity
- Zingiber officinale/chemistry
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interleukin-27/genetics
- Interleukin-27/metabolism
- Interleukin-33
- Interleukin-7/blood
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - M Mohammadi-Kordkhayli
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - R Ahangar-Parvin
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - V Azizi
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - H Khoramdel-Azad
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A Shamsizadeh
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A Ayoobi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - M Nemati
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Z M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S M Moazeni
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Khaksari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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31
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Kirk J, Dunker KS. Dietary counseling: the ingredient for successfully addressing the use of herbal supplements and probiotics in chronic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2014; 21:377-84. [PMID: 24969391 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Globally, herbal medicines represent a $60 billion industry, and they account for approximately 20% of the overall drug market. Herbs (or herbals) that improve the taste of foods as flavor enhancement spices can generally be used safely by the CKD patient population. However, many herbals are sold as dietary supplements for medicinal use, and these are regulated as foods not drugs, thus allowing herbal supplements to be sold without premarket evaluation or approval by the Food and Drug Administration. In the absence of required testing, many herbal supplements are manufactured inconsistently with wide variations in composition. It is essential for the nephrology practitioner to assess CKD patients regarding their use of these products to understand their risks and benefits and to educate patients and families. This article will discuss some of the more commonly used products and their potential positive and adverse effects on CKD patients.
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