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Chen Y, Jiang W, Wang J, Ma X, Wu D, Liu L, Ji M, Qu X, Liu C, Liu H, Qin X, Xiang Y. Conditional knockout of ITGB4 in bronchial epithelial cells directs bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3760-3772. [PMID: 37698050 PMCID: PMC10718146 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal respiratory system disease is closely associated with embryonic lung development. Our group found that integrin β4 (ITGB4) is downregulated in the airway epithelium of asthma patients. Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness in childhood. Therefore, we suspect whether the deletion of ITGB4 would affect fetal lung development. In this study, we characterized the role of ITGB4 deficiency in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). ITGB4 was conditionally knocked out in CCSP-rtTA, Tet-O-Cre and ITGB4f/f triple transgenic mice. Lung tissues at different developmental stages were collected for experimental detection and transcriptome sequencing. The effects of ITGB4 deficiency on lung branching morphogenesis were observed by fetal mouse lung explant culture. Deleting ITGB4 from the airway epithelial cells results in enlargement of alveolar airspaces, inhibition of branching, the abnormal structure of epithelium cells and the impairment of cilia growth during lung development. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the airway epithelial cilia of the β4ccsp.cre group appear to be sparse, shortened and lodging. Lung-development-relevant factors such as SftpC and SOX2 significantly decreased both mRNA and protein levels. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that multiple ontogenesis-regulating-relevant pathways converge to FAK. Accordingly, ITGB4 deletion decreased phospho-FAK, phospho-GSK3β and SOX2 levels, and the correspondingly contrary consequence was detected after treatment with GSK3β agonist (wortmannin). Airway branching defect of β4ccsp.cre mice lung explants was also partly recovered after wortmannin treatment. Airway epithelial-specific deletion of ITGB4 contributes to lung developmental defect, which could be achieved through the FAK/GSK3β/SOX2 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wang Jiang
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jin‐Mei Wang
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiao‐Di Ma
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Di Wu
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- School of MedicineFoshan UniversityFoshanChina
| | - Le‐Xin Liu
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ming Ji
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiang‐Ping Qu
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chi Liu
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hui‐Jun Liu
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiao‐Qun Qin
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yang Xiang
- School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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2
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Lalonde R, Strazielle C. The DST gene in neurobiology. J Neurogenet 2023; 37:131-138. [PMID: 38465459 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2024.2319880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
DST is a gene whose alternative splicing yields epithelial, neuronal, and muscular isoforms. The autosomal recessive Dstdt (dystonia musculorum) spontaneous mouse mutation causes degeneration of spinocerebellar tracts as well as peripheral sensory nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and cranial nerve ganglia. In addition to Dstdt mutants, axonopathy and neurofilament accumulation in perikarya are features of two other murine lines with spontaneous Dst mutations, targeted Dst knockout mice, DstTg4 transgenic mice carrying two deleted Dst exons, DstGt mice with trapped actin-binding domain-containing isoforms, and conditional Schwann cell-specific Dst knockout mice. As a result of nerve damage, Dstdt mutants display dystonia and ataxia, as seen in several genetically modified models and their motor coordination deficits have been quantified along with the spontaneous Dst nonsense mutant, the conditional Schwann cell-specific Dst knockout, the conditional DstGt mutant, and the Dst-b isoform specific Dst mutant. Recent findings in humans have associated DST mutations of the Dst-b isoform with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies type 6 (HSAN-VI). These data should further encourage the development of genetic techniques to treat or prevent ataxic and dystonic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (EA7300), Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Strazielle
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (EA7300), Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
- CHRU Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
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3
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Deletion of TMEM268 inhibits growth of gastric cancer cells by downregulating the ITGB4 signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1453-1466. [PMID: 30361615 PMCID: PMC6748091 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 268 (TMEM268) encodes a novel human protein of previously unknown function. This study analyzed the biological activities and molecular mechanisms of TMEM268 in vivo and in vitro. We found that TMEM268 deletion decreases cell viability, proliferation, and cell adhesion as well as causing S-phase cell cycle arrest and disrupts cytoskeleton remolding. Xenograft tumor mouse model studies showed that TMEM268 deletion inhibits the tumorigenesis of BGC823 gastric cancer cells. In addition, TMEM268-deleted BGC823 cells failed to colonize the lungs after intravenous injection and to form metastatic engraftment in the peritoneum. Molecular mechanism studies showed a C-terminal interaction between TMEM268 and integrin subunit β4 (ITGB4). TMEM268 knockout promotes ITGB4 ubiquitin-mediated degradation, increasing the instability of ITGB4 and filamin A (FLNA). The reduced ITGB4 protein levels result in the disassociation of the ITGB4/PLEC complex and cytoskeleton remodeling. This study for the first time demonstrates that TMEM268 plays a positive role in the regulation of ITGB4 homeostasis. The above results may provide a new perspective that targeting the TMEM268/ITGB4 signaling axis for the treatment of gastric cancer, which deserves further investigation in the future.
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4
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Rioux G, Pouliot-Bérubé C, Simard M, Benhassine M, Soucy J, Guérin SL, Pouliot R. The Tissue-Engineered Human Psoriatic Skin Substitute: A Valuable In Vitro Model to Identify Genes with Altered Expression in Lesional Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2923. [PMID: 30261611 PMCID: PMC6213003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease for which no cure has emerged. Its complex etiology requires the development of an in vitro model representative of the pathology. In this study, we exploited gene profiling analyses on microarray in order to characterize and further optimize the production of a human psoriatic skin model representative of this in vivo skin disease. Various skin substitutes were produced by tissue-engineering using biopsies from normal, healthy donors, or from lesional or non-lesional skin samples from patients with psoriasis, and their gene expression profiles were examined by DNA microarray. We demonstrated that more than 3540 and 1088 genes (two-fold change) were deregulated between healthy/lesional and lesional/non-lesional psoriatic substitutes, respectively. Moreover, several genes related to lipid metabolism, such as PLA2G4E and PLA2G4C, were identified as repressed in the lesional substitutes. In conclusion, gene profiling analyses identified a list of deregulated candidate genes associated with various metabolic pathways that may contribute to the progression of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Rioux
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Claudia Pouliot-Bérubé
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Mélissa Simard
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Manel Benhassine
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S4L8, Canada.
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Jacques Soucy
- Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Sylvain L Guérin
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S4L8, Canada.
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Balikov DA, Brady SK, Ko UH, Shin JH, de Pereda JM, Sonnenberg A, Sung HJ, Lang MJ. The nesprin-cytoskeleton interface probed directly on single nuclei is a mechanically rich system. Nucleus 2017. [PMID: 28640691 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2017.1322237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton provides structure and plays an important role in cellular function such as migration, resisting compression forces, and transport. The cytoskeleton also reacts to physical cues such as fluid shear stress or extracellular matrix remodeling by reorganizing filament associations, most commonly focal adhesions and cell-cell cadherin junctions. These mechanical stimuli can result in genome-level changes, and the physical connection of the cytoskeleton to the nucleus provides an optimal conduit for signal transduction by interfacing with nuclear envelope proteins, called nesprins, within the LINC (linker of the nucleus to the cytoskeleton) complex. Using single-molecule on single nuclei assays, we report that the interactions between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton, thought to be nesprin-cytoskeleton interactions, are highly sensitive to force magnitude and direction depending on whether cells are historically interfaced with the matrix or with cell aggregates. Application of ∼10-30 pN forces to these nesprin linkages yielded structural transitions, with a base transition size of 5-6 nm, which are speculated to be associated with partial unfoldings of the spectrin domains of the nesprins and/or structural changes of histones within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Balikov
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Sonia K Brady
- b Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Ung Hyun Ko
- c Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- c Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Jose M de Pereda
- d Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | | | - Hak-Joon Sung
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,f Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.,g Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine , Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew J Lang
- b Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,h Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.,i SMART-BioSystems and Micromechanics , National University of Singapore , Singapore
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6
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A PLEC Isoform Identified in Skin, Muscle, and Heart. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:518-522. [PMID: 27769846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Jaramillo-Juárez F, Macías-Pérez JR, Martínez-Saldaña MC, Avelar-González FJ, Loera-Muro VM, Hernández-Cuéllar EE, Jaramillo F, Reynaga HMG, Guerrero-Barrera AL. F-Actin Distribution Changes Provoked by Acetaminophen in the Proximal Tubule in Kidney of Adult Male Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/mr.2016.43005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Tang J, Wang G, Zhang M, Li FY, Sang Y, Wang B, Hu K, Wu Y, Luo R, Liao D, Cao J, Wang X, Wang L, Zhang R, Zhang X, Deng WG, Xie D, Xu RH, Kang T. Paradoxical role of CBX8 in proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10778-90. [PMID: 25360999 PMCID: PMC4279409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of polycomb chromobox (Cbx) proteins in cancer is context-dependent. The Chromobox homolog 8 (CBX8) was originally characterized as a transcriptional repressor, which inhibits cell proliferation in Ink4a-Arf-dependent and -independent manner. However, the role of CBX8 in colorectal cancer remains unknown. Here, we found that high CBX8 expression was associated with a low rate of distant metastasis and good prognosis in CRC patients, even though CBX8 was up-regulated in CRC cell lines and clinical samples. Knockdown of CBX8 inhibited CRC proliferation in vitro and in vivo, mostly by increasing p53 and its downstream effectors. However, knockdown of CBX8 enhanced CRC migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, in part through direct up-regulation of integrin β4 (ITGB4) that in turn decreased RhoA activity. Collectively, the knockdown of CBX8 inhibited CRC proliferation, while promoting its metastasis, thus exerting paradoxical effects in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Meifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Feng-yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yi Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Boqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China. Department of Hepatobiliarypancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rongzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jingying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ruhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wu-guo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rui-hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Rezniczek GA, Winter L, Walko G, Wiche G. Functional and Genetic Analysis of Plectin in Skin and Muscle. Methods Enzymol 2015; 569:235-59. [PMID: 26778562 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plectin is a large cytoskeletal linker protein with a multitude of functions affecting various cellular processes. It is expressed as several different isoforms from a highly complex gene. Both, this transcript diversity (mainly caused by short 5'-sequences contained in alternative first exons) and the size (>500 kDa) of the resulting proteins, present considerable challenges to plectin researchers. In this chapter, we will consider these problems and offer advice on how to tackle them best. As plectin has been studied most extensively in skin and muscle, we will focus on these types of tissues and describe some selected methods in detail. Foremost, however, we aim to give the readers some good pointers to available tools and into the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther A Rezniczek
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Lilli Winter
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gernot Walko
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Bouameur JE, Favre B, Borradori L. Plakins, a versatile family of cytolinkers: roles in skin integrity and in human diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:885-894. [PMID: 24352042 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The plakin family consists of giant proteins involved in the cross-linking and organization of the cytoskeleton and adhesion complexes. They further modulate several fundamental biological processes, such as cell adhesion, migration, and polarization or signaling pathways. Inherited and acquired defects of plakins in humans and in animal models potentially lead to dramatic manifestations in the skin, striated muscles, and/or nervous system. These observations unequivocally demonstrate the key role of plakins in the maintenance of tissue integrity. Here we review the characteristics of the mammalian plakin members BPAG1 (bullous pemphigoid antigen 1), desmoplakin, plectin, envoplakin, epiplakin, MACF1 (microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1), and periplakin, highlighting their role in skin homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal-Eddine Bouameur
- Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Favre
- Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Borradori
- Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Vannier C, Pesty A, San-Roman MJ, Schmidt AA. The Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain protein endophilin B2 interacts with plectin and controls perinuclear cytoskeletal architecture. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27619-27637. [PMID: 23921385 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.485482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain superfamily are essential in controlling the shape and dynamics of intracellular membranes. Here, we present evidence for the unconventional function of a member of the endophilin family of BAR and Src homology 3 domain-containing proteins, namely endophilin B2, in the perinuclear organization of intermediate filaments. Using mass spectrometry analysis based on capturing endophilin B2 partners in in situ pre-established complexes in cells, we unravel the interaction of endophilin B2 with plectin 1, a variant of the cytoskeleton linker protein plectin as well as with vimentin. Endophilin B2 directly binds the N-terminal region of plectin 1 via Src homology 3-mediated interaction and vimentin indirectly via plectin-mediated interaction. The relevance of these interactions is strengthened by the selective and drastic reorganization of vimentin around nuclei upon overexpression of endophilin B2 and by the extensive colocalization of both proteins in a meshwork of perinuclear filamentous structures. By generating mutants of the endophilin B2 BAR domain, we show that this phenotype requires the BAR-mediated membrane binding activity of endophilin B2. Plectin 1 or endophilin B2 knockdown using RNA interference disturbed the perinuclear organization of vimentin. Altogether, these data suggest that the endophilin B2-plectin 1 complex functions as a membrane-anchoring device organizing and stabilizing the perinuclear network of vimentin filaments. Finally, we present evidence for the involvement of endophilin B2 and plectin 1 in nuclear positioning in individual cells. This points to the potential importance of the endophilin B2-plectin complex in the biological functions depending on nuclear migration and positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vannier
- From CNRS, UMR7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Arlette Pesty
- From CNRS, UMR7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Mabel Jouve San-Roman
- From CNRS, UMR7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Anne A Schmidt
- From CNRS, UMR7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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12
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Castañón MJ, Walko G, Winter L, Wiche G. Plectin-intermediate filament partnership in skin, skeletal muscle, and peripheral nerve. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:33-53. [PMID: 23748243 PMCID: PMC3695321 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plectin is a large, 500-kDa, intermediate filament (IF)-associated protein. It acts as a cytoskeletal crosslinker and signaling scaffold, affecting mechanical as well as dynamic properties of the cytoskeleton. As a member of the plakin family of cytolinker proteins, plectin has a multidomain structure that is responsible for its vast binding portfolio. It not only binds to all types of IFs, actin filaments and microtubules, but also to transmembrane receptors, proteins of the subplasma membrane protein skeleton, components of the nuclear envelope, and several kinases with known roles in migration, proliferation, and energy metabolism of cells. Due to alternative splicing, plectin is expressed as various isoforms with differing N-terminal heads that dictate their differential subcellular targeting. Through specific interactions with other proteins at their target sites and their ability to bind to all types of IFs, plectin molecules provide strategically located IF anchorage sites within the cytoplasm of cells. In this review, we will present an overview of the structural features and functional properties of plectin and discuss recent progress in defining the role of its isoforms in stress-prone tissues and the implicated diseases, with focus on skin, skeletal muscle, and Schwann cells of peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Castañón
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Walko
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Present Address: Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Lilli Winter
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Present Address: Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Abstract
The cytoskeleton is connected to the nuclear interior by LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complexes located in the nuclear envelope. These complexes consist of SUN proteins and nesprins present in the inner and outer nuclear membrane respectively. Whereas SUN proteins can bind the nuclear lamina, members of the nesprin protein family connect the nucleus to different components of the cytoskeleton. Nesprin-1 and -2 can establish a direct link with actin filaments, whereas nesprin-4 associates indirectly with microtubules through its interaction with kinesin-1. Nesprin-3 is the only family member known that can link the nuclear envelope to intermediate filaments. This indirect interaction is mediated by the binding of nesprin-3 to the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin. Furthermore, nesprin-3 can connect the nucleus to microtubules by its interactions with BPAG1 (bullous pemphigoid antigen 1) and MACF (microtubule-actin cross-linking factor). In contrast with the active roles that nesprin-1, -2 and -4 have in actin- and microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning, the role of nesprin-3 is likely to be more passive. We suggest that it helps to stabilize the anchorage of the nucleus within the cytoplasm and maintain the structural integrity and shape of the nucleus.
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14
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Windoffer R, Beil M, Magin TM, Leube RE. Cytoskeleton in motion: the dynamics of keratin intermediate filaments in epithelia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 194:669-78. [PMID: 21893596 PMCID: PMC3171125 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201008095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia are exposed to multiple forms of stress. Keratin intermediate filaments are abundant in epithelia and form cytoskeletal networks that contribute to cell type–specific functions, such as adhesion, migration, and metabolism. A perpetual keratin filament turnover cycle supports these functions. This multistep process keeps the cytoskeleton in motion, facilitating rapid and protein biosynthesis–independent network remodeling while maintaining an intact network. The current challenge is to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the keratin cycle in relation to actin and microtubule networks and in the context of epithelial tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52057 Aachen, Germany
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15
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Ortega E, Buey RM, Sonnenberg A, de Pereda JM. The structure of the plakin domain of plectin reveals a non-canonical SH3 domain interacting with its fourth spectrin repeat. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12429-38. [PMID: 21288893 PMCID: PMC3069446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.197467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plectin belongs to the plakin family of cytoskeletal crosslinkers, which is part of the spectrin superfamily. Plakins contain an N-terminal conserved region, the plakin domain, which is formed by an array of spectrin repeats (SR) and a Src-homology 3 (SH3), and harbors binding sites for junctional proteins. We have combined x-ray crystallography and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) to elucidate the structure of the central region of the plakin domain of plectin, which corresponds to the SR3, SR4, SR5, and SH3 domains. The crystal structures of the SR3-SR4 and SR4-SR5-SH3 fragments were determined to 2.2 and 2.95 Å resolution, respectively. The SH3 of plectin presents major alterations as compared with canonical Pro-rich binding SH3 domains, suggesting that plectin does not recognize Pro-rich motifs. In addition, the SH3 binding site is partially occluded by an intramolecular contact with the SR4. Residues of this pseudo-binding site and the SR4/SH3 interface are conserved within the plakin family, suggesting that the structure of this part of the plectin molecule is similar to that of other plakins. We have created a model for the SR3-SR4-SR5-SH3 region, which agrees well with SAXS data in solution. The three SRs form a semi-flexible rod that is not altered by the presence of the SH3 domain, and it is similar to those found in spectrins. The flexibility of the plakin domain, in analogy with spectrins, might contribute to the role of plakins in maintaining the stability of tissues subject to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ortega
- From the Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cancer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rubén M. Buey
- From the Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cancer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- the Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, the Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, and
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José M. de Pereda
- From the Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cancer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Postel R, Ketema M, Kuikman I, de Pereda JM, Sonnenberg A. Nesprin-3 augments peripheral nuclear localization of intermediate filaments in zebrafish. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:755-64. [PMID: 21303928 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer nuclear membrane protein nesprin-3 binds the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin, which are proposed to anchor the intermediate filaments to the nuclear envelope. To investigate the function of nesprin-3 in vivo, we used the zebrafish as a vertebrate model system. Zebrafish nesprin-3 is expressed at the nuclear envelope of epidermal and skeletal muscle cells during development. Unexpectedly, loss of nesprin-3 did not affect embryonic development, viability or fertility. However, nesprin-3-deficient zebrafish embryos showed a reduced concentration of intermediate filaments around the nucleus. Additional analysis revealed the presence of two nesprin-3 isoforms in zebrafish, nesprin-3α and nesprin-3β. Nesprin-3β is only expressed during early development and lacks seven amino acids in its first spectrin repeat that are crucial for plectin binding and recruitment to the nuclear envelope. These seven amino acids are highly conserved and we showed that residues R43 and L44 within this motif are required for plectin binding. Furthermore, several residues in the actin-binding domain of plectin that are crucial for binding to the integrin β4 subunit are also important for the binding to nesprin-3α, indicating partial overlapping binding sequences for nesprin-3α and integrin β4. All this shows that nesprin-3 is dispensable for normal development in zebrafish, but important for mediating the association of the intermediate filament system with the nucleus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Postel
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms, as well as maintenance of organ architecture and function, requires robust regulation of cell fates. This is in part achieved by conserved signaling pathways through which cells process extracellular information and translate this information into changes in proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell shape. Gene deletion studies in higher eukaryotes have assigned critical roles for components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their cellular receptors in a vast number of developmental processes, indicating that a large proportion of this signaling is regulated by cell-ECM interactions. In addition, genetic alterations in components of this signaling axis play causative roles in several human diseases. This review will discuss what genetic analyses in mice and lower organisms have taught us about adhesion signaling in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Wickström
- Paul Gerson Una Group, Skin Homeostasis and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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18
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Natsuga K, Nishie W, Akiyama M, Nakamura H, Shinkuma S, McMillan JR, Nagasaki A, Has C, Ouchi T, Ishiko A, Hirako Y, Owaribe K, Sawamura D, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Shimizu H. Plectin expression patterns determine two distinct subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:308-16. [PMID: 20052759 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plectin is a cytoskeletal linker protein that has a dumbbell-like structure with a long central rod and N- and C-terminal globular domains. Mutations in the gene encoding plectin (PLEC1) cause two distinct autosomal recessive subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa (EB): EB simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD), and EB simplex with pyloric atresia (EBS-PA). Here, we demonstrate that normal human fibroblasts express two different plectin isoforms including full-length and rodless forms of plectin. We performed detailed analysis of plectin expression patterns in six EBS-MD and three EBS-PA patients. In EBS-PA, expression of all plectin domains was found to be markedly attenuated or completely lost; in EBS-MD, the expression of the N- and C-terminal domains of plectin remained detectable, although the expression of rod domains was absent or markedly reduced. Our data suggest that loss of the full-length plectin isoform with residual expression of the rodless plectin isoform leads to EBS-MD, and that complete loss or marked attenuation of full-length and rodless plectin expression underlies the more severe EBS-PA phenotype. These results also clearly account for the majority of EBS-MD PLEC1 mutation restriction within the large exon 31 that encodes the plectin rod domain, whereas EBS-PA PLEC1 mutations are generally outside exon 31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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19
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Frijns E, Sachs N, Kreft M, Wilhelmsen K, Sonnenberg A. EGF-induced MAPK signaling inhibits hemidesmosome formation through phosphorylation of the integrin {beta}4. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37650-62. [PMID: 20870721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.138818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of keratinocytes requires a regulated and dynamic turnover of hemidesmosomes (HDs). We and others have previously identified three serine residues on the integrin β4 cytoplasmic domain that play a critical role in the regulation of HD disassembly. In this study we show that only two of these residues (Ser-1356 and Ser-1364) are phosphorylated in keratinocytes after stimulation with either PMA or EGF. Furthermore, in direct contrast to previous studies performed in vitro, we found that the PMA- and EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of β4 is not mediated by PKC, but by ERK1/2 and its downstream effector kinase p90RSK1/2. EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of β4 increased keratinocyte migration, and reduced the number of stable HDs. Furthermore, mutation of the two serines in β4 to phospho-mimicking aspartic acid decreased its interaction with the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin, as well as the strength of α6β4-mediated adhesion to laminin-332. During mitotic cell rounding, when the overall cell-substrate area is decreased and the number of HDs is reduced, β4 was only phosphorylated on Ser-1356 by a distinct, yet unidentified, kinase. Collectively, these data demonstrate an important role of β4 phosphorylation on residues Ser-1356 and Ser-1364 in the formation and/or stability of HDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Frijns
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Wiradjaja F, DiTommaso T, Smyth I. Basement membranes in development and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 90:8-31. [PMID: 20301220 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specializations of the extracellular matrix that act as key mediators of development and disease. Their sheet like protein matrices typically serve to separate epithelial or endothelial cell layers from underlying mesenchymal tissues, providing both a biophysical support to overlying tissue as well as a hub to promote and regulate cell-cell and cell-protein interactions. In the latter context, the BM is increasingly being recognized as a mediator of growth factor interactions during development. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the structure of the BM and its roles in mediating the normal development of the embryo, and we examine congenital diseases affecting the BM which impact embryonic development and health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenny Wiradjaja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Steiner-Champliaud MF, Schneider Y, Favre B, Paulhe F, Praetzel-Wunder S, Faulkner G, Konieczny P, Raith M, Wiche G, Adebola A, Liem RK, Langbein L, Sonnenberg A, Fontao L, Borradori L. BPAG1 isoform-b: Complex distribution pattern in striated and heart muscle and association with plectin and α-actinin. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:297-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Kölsch A, Windoffer R, Leube RE. Actin-dependent dynamics of keratin filament precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:976-85. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.20395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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de Pereda JM, Ortega E, Alonso-García N, Gómez-Hernández M, Sonnenberg A. Advances and perspectives of the architecture of hemidesmosomes: lessons from structural biology. Cell Adh Migr 2009; 3:361-4. [PMID: 19736524 DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.4.9525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes (HD) are adhesive protein complexes that mediate stable attachment of basal epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. The organization of HDs relies on a complex network of protein-protein interactions, in which integrin alpha6beta4 and plectin play an essential role. Here we summarize the current knowledge of the structure of hemidesmosomal proteins, which includes the structures of the first and second fibronectin type III (FnIII) domains and the calx-beta domain of the integrin beta4 subunit, the actin binding domain of plectin, and two non-overlapping pairs of spectrin repeats of plectin and BPAG1e. Binding of plectin to the beta4 subunit is critical for the formation and the stability of HDs. The recent 3D structure of the primary complex between the integrin beta4 subunit and plectin has provided a first insight into the macromolecular recognition mechanisms responsible for HD assembly. Two missense mutations in beta4 linked to non lethal forms of epidermolysis bullosa map on the plectin-binding surface. Finally, the formation of the beta4-plectin complex induces conformational changes in beta4 and plectin, suggesting that their interaction may be subject to allosteric regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M de Pereda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.
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24
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O'Neill GM. The coordination between actin filaments and adhesion in mesenchymal migration. Cell Adh Migr 2009; 3:355-7. [PMID: 19684475 DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.4.9468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cell motility is characterized by a polarized distribution of actin filaments, with a network of short branched actin filaments at the leading edge, and polymers of actin filaments arranged into distinct classes of actin stress fibers behind the leading edge. Importantly, the distinct actin filaments are characteristically associated with discrete adhesion structures and both the adhesions and the actin filaments are co-ordinately regulated during cell migration. While it has long been known that these macromolecular structures are intimately linked in cells, precisely how they are co-ordinately regulated is presently unknown. Live imaging data now suggests that the focal adhesions may act as sites of actin polymerization resulting in the generation of tension-bearing actin bundles of actin filaments (stress fibers). Moreover, a picture is emerging to suggest that the tropomyosin family of proteins that can determine actin filament dynamics may also play a key role in determining the transition between adhesion states. Molecules such as the tropomyosins are therefore tantalizing candidates to orchestrate the coordination of actin and adhesion dynamics during mesenchymal cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine M O'Neill
- Focal Adhesion Biology Group, Oncology Research Unit, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Kostan J, Gregor M, Walko G, Wiche G. Plectin isoform-dependent regulation of keratin-integrin alpha6beta4 anchorage via Ca2+/calmodulin. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:18525-36. [PMID: 19419971 PMCID: PMC2709376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.008474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The detachment of epithelial cells from the basal matrix during wound healing and differentiation of keratinocytes requires the disassembly of the hemidesmosomal multiprotein adhesion complex. Integrin alpha6beta4-plectin interaction plays a major role in the formation of hemidesmosomes, and thus the mechanisms regulating this interaction should be critical also for the disassembly process. Here we show that a particular plectin isoform (1a) interacts with the Ca(2+)-sensing protein calmodulin in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. As a result of this interaction, binding of the hemidesmosome-associated plectin isoform 1a to integrin beta4 is substantially diminished. Calmodulin-binding inhibits also the interaction of plectin with F-actin. Further, we found that, during Ca(2+)-induced keratinocyte differentiation, plectin 1a is first relocated within the cell and later down-regulated, suggesting that Ca(2+) affects the fate of plectin 1a upon its release from hemidesmosomes. We propose a novel model for the disassembly of hemidesmosomes during keratinocyte differentiation, where both, binding of calmodulin to plectin 1a and phosphorylation of integrin beta4 by protein kinases, are required for disruption of the integrin alpha6beta4-plectin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Kostan
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Martin Gregor
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Gernot Walko
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria
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26
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de Pereda JM, Lillo MP, Sonnenberg A. Structural basis of the interaction between integrin alpha6beta4 and plectin at the hemidesmosomes. EMBO J 2009; 28:1180-90. [PMID: 19242489 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the integrin alpha6beta4 and plectin is essential for the assembly and stability of hemidesmosomes, which are junctional adhesion complexes that anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane. We describe the crystal structure at 2.75 A resolution of the primary alpha6beta4-plectin complex, formed by the first pair of fibronectin type III domains and the N-terminal region of the connecting segment of beta4 and the actin-binding domain of plectin. Two missense mutations in beta4 (R1225H and R1281W) linked to nonlethal forms of epidermolysis bullosa prevent essential intermolecular contacts. We also present two structures at 1.75 and 2.05 A resolution of the beta4 moiety in the absence of plectin, which reveal a major rearrangement of the connecting segment of beta4 on binding to plectin. This conformational switch is correlated with the way alpha6beta4 promotes stable adhesion or cell migration and suggests an allosteric control of the integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M de Pereda
- Department of Structural Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.
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27
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Germain EC, Santos TM, Rabinovitz I. Phosphorylation of a novel site on the {beta}4 integrin at the trailing edge of migrating cells promotes hemidesmosome disassembly. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:56-67. [PMID: 19005215 PMCID: PMC2613111 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-06-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes (HDs) are multiprotein structures that anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane. HD components include the alpha6beta4 integrin, plectin, and BPAGs (bullous pemphigoid antigens). HD disassembly in keratinocytes is necessary for cells to migrate and can be induced by EGF through beta4 integrin phosphorylation. We have identified a novel phosphorylation site on the beta4 integrin: S(1424). Preventing phosphorylation by mutating S-->A(1424) results in increased incorporation of beta4 into HDs and resistance to EGF-induced disassembly. In contrast, mutating S-->D(1424) (mimicking phosphorylation) partially mobilizes beta4 from HDs and potentiates the disassembly effects of other phosphorylation sites. In contrast to previously described sites that are phosphorylated upon growth factor stimulation, S(1424) already exhibits high constitutive phosphorylation, suggesting additional functions. Constitutive phosphorylation of S(1424) is distinctively enriched at the trailing edge of migrating keratinocytes where HDs are disassembled. Although most of this S(1424)-phosphorylated beta4 is found dissociated from HDs, a substantial amount can be associated with HDs near the cell margins, colocalizing with plectin but always excluding BPAGs, suggesting that phospho-S(1424) might be a mechanism to dissociate beta4 from BPAGs. S(1424) phosphorylation is PKC dependent. These data suggest an important role for S(1424) in the gradual disassembly of HDs induced by cell retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Germain
- Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tanya M. Santos
- Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Isaac Rabinovitz
- Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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28
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Gad A, Lach S, Crimaldi L, Gimona M. Plectin deposition at podosome rings requires myosin contractility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:614-25. [PMID: 18553359 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteinase-dependent tissue invasion requires the formation of podosomes and invadopodia for localized matrix degradation. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling via Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization is essential for podosome formation, and dynamic microtubules have an important role in maintaining podosome turnover in macrophages and osteoclasts. Little is known, however, about the involvement of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in formation, stabilization, and turnover of podosomes. Here we show that vimentin intermediate filaments colocalize with the early sites of podosome formation at the stress fiber - focal adhesion interface in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, but do not directly contribute to podosome formation, or stabilization. In unstimulated A7r5 cells the cytolinker protein plectin poorly colocalized with vimentin and the microdomains, but following induction by phorbol ester accumulated in the rings that surround the podosomes. In plectin-deficient A7r5 cells actin stress fiber remodelling is reduced in response to PDBu, and small podosomes remain localized at stable actin stress fibres. Pharmacological inhibition of actomyosin contractility by blebbistatin leads to an aberrant localization of podosomes away from the cell periphery and induces failure of plectin to surround the outer perimeter of these invasive adhesions. Taken together, we conclude that plectin is involved in growth and maturation of podosomes by reducing focal adhesion and stress fiber turnover, and that actomyosin-dependent contractility is required for the peripheral localization and specific deposition of plectin at the podosome rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Gad
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8a, I-66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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29
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Regulation of hemidesmosome disassembly by growth factor receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2008; 20:589-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Nodari A, Previtali SC, Dati G, Occhi S, Court FA, Colombelli C, Zambroni D, Dina G, Del Carro U, Campbell KP, Quattrini A, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML. Alpha6beta4 integrin and dystroglycan cooperate to stabilize the myelin sheath. J Neurosci 2008; 28:6714-9. [PMID: 18579745 PMCID: PMC2597422 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0326-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells integrate signals deriving from the axon and the basal lamina to myelinate peripheral nerves. Integrin alpha6beta4 is a laminin receptor synthesized by Schwann cells and displayed apposed to the basal lamina. alpha6beta4 integrin expression in Schwann cells is induced by axons at the onset of myelination, and rises in adulthood. The beta4 chain has a uniquely long cytoplasmic domain that interacts with intermediate filaments such as dystonin, important in peripheral myelination. Furthermore, alpha6beta4 integrin binds peripheral myelin protein 22, whose alteration causes the most common demyelinating hereditary neuropathy. All these data suggest a role for alpha6beta4 integrin in peripheral nerve myelination. Here we show that ablating alpha6beta4 integrin specifically in Schwann cells of transgenic mice does not affect peripheral nerve development, myelin formation, maturation, or regeneration. However, consistent with maximal expression in adult nerves, alpha6beta4 integrin-null myelin is more prone to abnormal folding with aging. When the laminin receptor dystroglycan is also ablated, major folding abnormalities occur, associated with acute demyelination in some peripheral nervous system districts. These data indicate that, similar to its role in skin, alpha6beta4 integrin confers stability to myelin in peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano C. Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology and Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Gabriele Dati
- Department of Biological and Technological Research and
| | - Simona Occhi
- Department of Biological and Technological Research and
| | | | | | | | - Giorgia Dina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology and Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Ubaldo Del Carro
- Institute of Experimental Neurology and Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Kevin P. Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Internal Medicine, and Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology and Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy, and
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Ketema M, Wilhelmsen K, Kuikman I, Janssen H, Hodzic D, Sonnenberg A. Requirements for the localization of nesprin-3 at the nuclear envelope and its interaction with plectin. J Cell Sci 2008; 120:3384-94. [PMID: 17881500 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.014191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer nuclear membrane proteins nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 are retained at the nuclear envelope through an interaction of their klarsicht/ANC-1/syne homology (KASH) domain with Sun proteins present at the inner nuclear membrane. We investigated the requirements for the localization of nesprin-3alpha at the outer nuclear membrane and show that the mechanism by which its localization is mediated is similar to that reported for the localization of nesprin-1 and nesprin-2: the last four amino acids of the nesprin-3alpha KASH domain are essential for its interaction with Sun1 and Sun2. Moreover, deletion of these amino acids or knockdown of the Sun proteins results in a redistribution of nesprin-3alpha away from the nuclear envelope and into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it becomes colocalized with the cytoskeletal crosslinker protein plectin. Both nesprin-3alpha and plectin can form dimers, and dimerization of plectin is required for its interaction with nesprin-3alpha at the nuclear envelope, which is mediated by its N-terminal actin-binding domain. Additionally, overexpression of the plectin actin-binding domain stabilizes the actin cytoskeleton and prevents the recruitment of endogenous plectin to the nuclear envelope. Our studies support a model in which the actin cytoskeleton influences the binding of plectin dimers to dimers of nesprin-3alpha, which in turn are retained at the nuclear envelope through an interaction with Sun proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Ketema
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wilhelmsen K, Litjens SH, Kuikman I, Margadant C, van Rheenen J, Sonnenberg A. Serine phosphorylation of the integrin beta4 subunit is necessary for epidermal growth factor receptor induced hemidesmosome disruption. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:3512-22. [PMID: 17615294 PMCID: PMC1951768 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-04-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes (HDs) are multiprotein adhesion complexes that promote attachment of epithelial cells to the basement membrane. The binding of alpha6beta4 to plectin plays a central role in their assembly. We have defined three regions on beta4 that together harbor all the serine and threonine phosphorylation sites and show that three serines (S1356, S1360, and S1364), previously implicated in HD regulation, prevent the interaction of beta4 with the plectin actin-binding domain when phosphorylated. We have also established that epidermal growth factor receptor activation, which is known to function upstream of HD disassembly, results in the phosphorylation of only one or more of these three residues and the partial disassembly of HDs in keratinocytes. Additionally, we show that S1360 and S1364 of beta4 are the only residues phosphorylated by PKC and PKA in cells, respectively. Taken together, our studies indicate that multiple kinases act in concert to breakdown the structural integrity of HDs in keratinocytes, which is primarily achieved through the phosphorylation of S1356, S1360, and S1364 on the beta4 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy H.M. Litjens
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Kuikman
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coert Margadant
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sonnenberg A, Liem RKH. Plakins in development and disease. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:2189-203. [PMID: 17499243 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plakins are large multi-domain molecules that have various functions to link cytoskeletal elements together and to connect them to junctional complexes. Plakins were first identified in epithelial cells where they were found to connect the intermediate filaments to desmosomes and hemidesmosomes [Ruhrberg, C., and Watt, F.M. (1997). The plakin family: versatile organizers of cytoskeletal architecture. Curr Opin Genet Dev 7, 392-397.]. They were subsequently found to be important for the integrity of muscle cells. Most recently, they have been found in the nervous system, where their functions appear to be more complex, including cross-linking of microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments [Leung, C.L., Zheng, M., Prater, S.M., and Liem, R.K. (2001). The BPAG1 locus: Alternative splicing produces multiple isoforms with distinct cytoskeletal linker domains, including predominant isoforms in neurons and muscles. J Cell Biol 154, 691-697., Leung, C.L., Sun, D., Zheng, M., Knowles, D.R., and Liem, R.K. (1999). Microtubule actin cross-linking factor (MACF): a hybrid of dystonin and dystrophin that can interact with the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. J Cell Biol 147, 1275-1286.]. These plakins have also indicated their relationship to the spectrin superfamily of proteins and the plakins appear to be evolutionarily related to the spectrins, but have diverged to perform different specialized functions. In invertebrates, a single plakin is present in both Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, which resemble the more complex plakins found in mammals [Roper, K., Gregory, S.L., and Brown, N.H. (2002). The 'spectraplakins': cytoskeletal giants with characteristics of both spectrin and plakin families. J Cell Sci 115, 4215-4225.]. In contrast, there are seven plakins found in mammals and most of them have alternatively spliced forms leading to a very complex group of proteins with potential tissue specific functions [Jefferson, J.J., Leung, C.L., and Liem, R.K. (2004). Plakins: goliaths that link cell junctions and the cytoskeleton. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5, 542-553.]. In this review, we will first describe the plakins, desmoplakin, plectin, envoplakin and periplakin and then describe two other mammalian plakins, Bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (BPAG1) and microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1), that are expressed in multiple isoforms in different tissues. We will also describe the relationship of these two proteins to the invertebrate plakins, shortstop (shot) in Drosophila and VAB-10 in C. elegans. Finally, we will describe an unusual mammalian plakin, called epiplakin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Inst., Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Sehgal BU, DeBiase PJ, Matzno S, Chew TL, Claiborne JN, Hopkinson SB, Russell A, Marinkovich MP, Jones JCR. Integrin beta4 regulates migratory behavior of keratinocytes by determining laminin-332 organization. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:35487-98. [PMID: 16973601 PMCID: PMC2820731 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606317200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether alpha6beta4 integrin regulates migration remains controversial. beta4 integrin-deficient (JEB) keratinocytes display aberrant migration in that they move in circles, a behavior that mirrors the circular arrays of laminin (LM)-332 in their matrix. In contrast, wild-type keratinocytes and JEB keratinocytes, induced to express beta4 integrin, assemble laminin-332 in linear tracks over which they migrate. Moreover, laminin-332-dependent migration of JEB keratinocytes along linear tracks is restored when cells are plated on wild-type keratinocyte matrix, whereas wild-type keratinocytes show rotation over circular arrays of laminn-332 in JEB keratinocyte matrix. The activities of Rac1 and the actin cytoskeleton-severing protein cofilin are low in JEB keratinocytes compared with wild-type cells but are rescued following expression of wild-type beta4 integrin in JEB cells. Additionally, in wild-type keratinocytes Rac1 is complexed with alpha6beta4 integrin. Moreover, Rac1 or cofilin inactivation induces wild-type keratinocytes to move in circles over rings of laminin-332 in their matrix. Together these data indicate that laminin-332 matrix organization is determined by the alpha6beta4 integrin/actin cytoskeleton via Rac1/cofilin signaling. Furthermore, our results imply that the organizational state of laminin-332 is a key determinant of the motility behavior of keratinocytes, an essential element of skin wound healing and the successful invasion of epidermal-derived tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd U. Sehgal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Phillip J. DeBiase
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Sumio Matzno
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jessica N. Claiborne
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Susan B. Hopkinson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Alan Russell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cytokinetics, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - M. Peter Marinkovich
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford, California 94304
| | - Jonathan C. R. Jones
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Litjens SHM, de Pereda JM, Sonnenberg A. Current insights into the formation and breakdown of hemidesmosomes. Trends Cell Biol 2006; 16:376-83. [PMID: 16757171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes are multiprotein adhesion complexes that promote epithelial stromal attachment in stratified and complex epithelia. Modulation of their function is of crucial importance in a variety of biological processes, such as differentiation and migration of keratinocytes during wound healing and carcinoma invasion, in which cells become detached from the substrate and acquire a motile phenotype. Although much is known about the signaling potential of the alpha6beta4 integrin in carcinoma cells, the events that coordinate the disassembly of hemidesmosomes during differentiation and wound healing remain unclear. The binding of alpha6beta4 to plectin has a central role in hemidesmosome assembly and it is becoming clear that disrupting this interaction is a crucial event in hemidesmosome disassembly. In addition, further insight into the functional interplay between alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 has contributed to our understanding of hemidesmosome disassembly and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy H M Litjens
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Wilhelmsen K, Litjens SHM, Sonnenberg A. Multiple functions of the integrin alpha6beta4 in epidermal homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:2877-86. [PMID: 16581764 PMCID: PMC1446957 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.8.2877-2886.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Wilhelmsen K, Litjens SHM, Kuikman I, Tshimbalanga N, Janssen H, van den Bout I, Raymond K, Sonnenberg A. Nesprin-3, a novel outer nuclear membrane protein, associates with the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 171:799-810. [PMID: 16330710 PMCID: PMC2171291 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200506083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Despite their importance in cell biology, the mechanisms that maintain the nucleus in its proper position in the cell are not well understood. This is primarily the result of an incomplete knowledge of the proteins in the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) that are able to associate with the different cytoskeletal systems. Two related ONM proteins, nuclear envelope spectrin repeat (nesprin)–1 and –2, are known to make direct connections with the actin cytoskeleton through their NH2-terminal actin-binding domain (ABD). We have now isolated a third member of the nesprin family that lacks an ABD and instead binds to the plakin family member plectin, which can associate with the intermediate filament (IF) system. Overexpression of nesprin-3 results in a dramatic recruitment of plectin to the nuclear perimeter, which is where these two molecules are colocalized with both keratin-6 and -14. Importantly, plectin binds to the integrin α6β4 at the cell surface and to nesprin-3 at the ONM in keratinocytes, suggesting that there is a continuous connection between the nucleus and the extracellular matrix through the IF cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Litjens SHM, Wilhelmsen K, de Pereda JM, Perrakis A, Sonnenberg A. Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Binary Complex of the Plectin Actin-binding Domain and the First Pair of Fibronectin Type III (FNIII) Domains of the β4 Integrin. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:22270-7. [PMID: 15817481 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411818200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of plectin to the beta4 subunit of the alpha6beta4 integrin is a critical step in the formation of hemidesmosomes. An important interaction between these two proteins occurs between the actin-binding domain (ABD) of plectin and the first pair of fibronectin type III (FNIII) domains and a small part of the connecting segment of beta4. Previously, a few amino acids, critical for this interaction, were identified in both plectin and beta4 and mapped on the crystal structures of the ABD of plectin and the first pair of FNIII domains of beta4. In the present study, we used this biochemical information and protein-protein docking calculations to construct a model of the binary complex between these two protein domains. The top scoring computational model predicts that the calponin-homology 1 (CH1) domain of the ABD associates with the first and the second FNIII domains of beta4. Our mutational analysis of the residues at the proposed interface of both the FNIII and the CH1 domains is in agreement with the suggested interaction model. Computational simulations to predict protein motions suggest that the exact model of FNIII and plectin CH1 interaction might well differ in detail from the suggested model due to the conformational plasticity of the FNIII domains, which might lead to a closely related but different mode of interaction with the plectin-ABD. Furthermore, we show that Ser-1325 in the connecting segment of beta4 appears to be essential for the recruitment of plectin into hemidesmosomes in vivo. This is consistent with the proposed model and previously published mutational data. In conclusion, our data support a model in which the CH1 domain of the plectin-ABD associates with the groove between the two FNIII domains of beta4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy H M Litjens
- Divisions of Cell Biology, and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kalinin AE, Kalinin AE, Aho M, Uitto J, Aho S. Breaking the Connection: Caspase 6 Disconnects Intermediate Filament-Binding Domain of Periplakin from its Actin-Binding N-Terminal Region. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:46-55. [PMID: 15654952 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Periplakin is a member of the plakin family of cytolinkers that connect cytoskeletal networks to each other as well as to the cell junctional complexes. Here, we demonstrate a direct molecular interaction between actin and periplakin. Furthermore, the oligomerization state of periplakin was shown to determine specificity of its binding to intermediate filaments (IF) in vitro. Both the filament association and the cell membrane localization of periplakin were confirmed in the cells overexpressing human periplakin. Double labeling of the N- and C-terminally tagged periplakin revealed unexpected lack of co-localization of periplakin ends in a confluent culture, and separation of the periplakin ends was even more pronounced in apoptotic cells. Western analysis revealed that after induction of apoptosis, periplakin becomes cleaved close to its C-terminal tail. Only the distinct cleavage products, but not the full-length periplakin, were present in the cells detached from the solid support during the apoptotic process. We show that caspase 6 cleaves periplakin at an unconventional recognition site, amino acid sequence TVAD. Thus, the separation of periplakin ends disconnects the actin-binding head-rod domain from the IF-binding C-terminal domain. We show that specific cleavage products co-exist with the full-length periplakin in cells, suggesting physiological consequences due to their altered binding specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E Kalinin
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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40
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Jefferson JJ, Leung CL, Liem RKH. Plakins: goliaths that link cell junctions and the cytoskeleton. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2004; 5:542-53. [PMID: 15232572 DOI: 10.1038/nrm1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius J Jefferson
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York 10032, USA
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Koster J, van Wilpe S, Kuikman I, Litjens SHM, Sonnenberg A. Role of binding of plectin to the integrin beta4 subunit in the assembly of hemidesmosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2003; 15:1211-23. [PMID: 14668477 PMCID: PMC363110 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e03-09-0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that plectin is recruited into hemidesmosomes through association of its actin-binding domain (ABD) with the first pair of fibronectin type III (FNIII) repeats and a small part of the connecting segment (residues 1328-1355) of the integrin beta4 subunit. Here, we show that two proline residues (P1330 and P1333) in this region of the connecting segment are critical for supporting beta4-mediated recruitment of plectin. Additional binding sites for the plakin domain of plectin on beta4 were identified in biochemical and yeast two-hybrid assays. These sites are located at the end of the connecting segment (residues 1383-1436) and in the region containing the fourth FNIII repeat and the C-tail (residues 1570-1752). However, in cells, these additional binding sites cannot induce the assembly of hemidesmosomes without the interaction of the plectin-ABD with beta4. Because the additional plectin binding sites overlap with sequences that mediate an intramolecular association of the beta4 cytoplasmic domain, we propose that they are not accessible for binding and need to become exposed as the result of the binding of the plectin-ABD to beta4. Furthermore, these additional binding sites might be necessary to position the beta4 cytoplasmic domain for an optimal interaction with other hemidesmosomal components, thereby increasing the efficiency of hemidesmosome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koster
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Cell Biology, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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