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Jia M, Zhao H, Morano NC, Lu H, Lui YM, Du H, Becker JE, Yuen KY, Ho DD, Kwong PD, Shapiro L, To KKW, Wu X. Human neutralizing antibodies target a conserved lateral patch on H7N9 hemagglutinin head. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4505. [PMID: 38802413 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A virus H7N9 causes severe human infections with >30% fatality. Currently, there is no H7N9-specific prevention or treatment for humans. Here, from a 2013 H7N9 convalescent case in Hong Kong, we isolate four hemagglutinin (HA)-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), with three directed to the globular head domain (HA1) and one to the stalk domain (HA2). Two clonally related HA1-directed mAbs, H7.HK1 and H7.HK2, potently neutralize H7N9 and protect female mice from lethal H7N9/AH1 challenge. Cryo-EM structures reveal that H7.HK1 and H7.HK2 bind to a β14-centered surface and disrupt the 220-loop that makes hydrophobic contacts with sialic acid on an adjacent protomer, thereby blocking viral entry. Sequence analysis indicates the lateral patch targeted by H7.HK1 and H7.HK2 to be conserved among influenza subtypes. Both H7.HK1 and H7.HK2 retain HA1 binding and neutralization capacity to later H7N9 isolates from 2016-2017, consistent with structural data showing that the antigenic mutations during this timeframe occur at their epitope peripheries. The HA2-directed mAb H7.HK4 lacks neutralizing activity but when used in combination with H7.HK2 moderately augments female mouse protection. Overall, our data reveal antibodies to a conserved lateral HA1 supersite that confer neutralization, and when combined with a HA2-directed non-neutralizing mAb, augment protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxue Jia
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nicholas C Morano
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hong Lu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yin-Ming Lui
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Haijuan Du
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jordan E Becker
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China.
| | - Xueling Wu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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2
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Parnell EJ, Jenson EE, Miller MP. A conserved site on Ndc80 complex facilitates dynamic recruitment of Mps1 to yeast kinetochores to promote accurate chromosome segregation. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00528-1. [PMID: 38776906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation relies on kinetochores carrying out multiple functions, including establishing and maintaining microtubule attachments, forming precise bi-oriented attachments between sister chromatids, and activating the spindle assembly checkpoint. Central to these processes is the highly conserved Ndc80 complex. This kinetochore subcomplex interacts directly with microtubules but also serves as a critical platform for recruiting kinetochore-associated factors and as a key substrate for error correction kinases. The precise manner in which these kinetochore factors interact and regulate each other's function remains unknown, considerably hindering our understanding of how Ndc80 complex-dependent processes function together to orchestrate accurate chromosome segregation. Here, we aimed to uncover the role of Nuf2's CH domain, a component of the Ndc80 complex, in ensuring these processes. Through extensive mutational analysis, we identified a conserved interaction domain composed of two segments in Nuf2's CH domain that form the binding site for Mps1 within the yeast Ndc80 complex. Interestingly, this site also associates with the Dam1 complex, suggesting Mps1 recruitment may be subject to regulation by competitive binding with other factors. Mutants disrupting this "interaction hub" exhibit defects in spindle assembly checkpoint function and severe chromosome segregation errors. Significantly, specifically restoring Mps1-Ndc80 complex association rescues these defects. Our findings shed light on the intricate regulation of Ndc80 complex-dependent functions and highlight the essential role of Mps1 in kinetochore bi-orientation and accurate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Parnell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erin E Jenson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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3
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Villanueva-Cañas JL, Fernandez-Fuentes N, Saul D, Kosinsky RL, Teyssier C, Rogalska ME, Pérez FP, Oliva B, Notredame C, Beato M, Sharma P. Evolutionary analysis reveals the role of a non-catalytic domain of peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 in transcriptional regulation. iScience 2024; 27:109584. [PMID: 38623337 PMCID: PMC11016909 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs) catalyze protein citrullination, a post-translational conversion of arginine to citrulline. The most widely expressed member of this family, PADI2, regulates cellular processes that impact several diseases. We hypothesized that we could gain new insights into PADI2 function through a systematic evolutionary and structural analysis. Here, we identify 20 positively selected PADI2 residues, 16 of which are structurally exposed and maintain PADI2 interactions with cognate proteins. Many of these selected residues reside in non-catalytic regions of PADI2. We validate the importance of a prominent loop in the middle domain that encompasses PADI2 L162, a residue under positive selection. This site is essential for interaction with the transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) and mediates the active transcription of the oncogenes c-MYC, and CCNB1, as well as impacting cellular proliferation. These insights could be key to understanding and addressing the role of the PADI2 c-MYC axis in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Villanueva-Cañas
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcis Fernandez-Fuentes
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Saul
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Clinic, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Teyssier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Malgorzata Ewa Rogalska
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Pegenaute Pérez
- Live-Cell Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, E-08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baldomero Oliva
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory (GRIB-IMIM), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cedric Notredame
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Beato
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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4
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Read BJ, Mitchell JBO, da Silva RG. Allosteric activation unveils protein-mass modulation of ATP phosphoribosyltransferase product release. Commun Chem 2024; 7:77. [PMID: 38582930 PMCID: PMC10998830 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy-isotope substitution into enzymes slows down bond vibrations and may alter transition-state barrier crossing probability if this is coupled to fast protein motions. ATP phosphoribosyltransferase from Acinetobacter baumannii is a multi-protein complex where the regulatory protein HisZ allosterically enhances catalysis by the catalytic protein HisGS. This is accompanied by a shift in rate-limiting step from chemistry to product release. Here we report that isotope-labelling of HisGS has no effect on the nonactivated reaction, which involves negative activation heat capacity, while HisZ-activated HisGS catalytic rate decreases in a strictly mass-dependent fashion across five different HisGS masses, at low temperatures. Surprisingly, the effect is not linked to the chemical step, but to fast motions governing product release in the activated enzyme. Disruption of a specific enzyme-product interaction abolishes the isotope effects. Results highlight how altered protein mass perturbs allosterically modulated thermal motions relevant to the catalytic cycle beyond the chemical step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Read
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - John B O Mitchell
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Rafael G da Silva
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
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5
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Moss DL, Paine AC, Krug PW, Kanekiyo M, Ruckwardt TJ. Enterovirus virus-like-particle and inactivated poliovirus vaccines do not elicit substantive cross-reactive antibody responses. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012159. [PMID: 38662650 PMCID: PMC11045126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human enteroviruses are the most common human pathogen with over 300 distinct genotypes. Previous work with poliovirus has suggested that it is possible to generate antibody responses in humans and animals that can recognize members of multiple enterovirus species. However, cross protective immunity across multiple enteroviruses is not observed epidemiologically in humans. Here we investigated whether immunization of mice or baboons with inactivated poliovirus or enterovirus virus-like-particles (VLPs) vaccines generates antibody responses that can recognize enterovirus D68 or A71. We found that mice only generated antibodies specific for the antigen they were immunized with, and repeated immunization failed to generate cross-reactive antibody responses as measured by both ELISA and neutralization assay. Immunization of baboons with IPV failed to generate neutralizing antibody responses against enterovirus D68 or A71. These results suggest that a multivalent approach to enterovirus vaccination is necessary to protect against enterovirus disease in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Moss
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alden C. Paine
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Krug
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tracy J. Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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6
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Gardner EC, Tramont C, Bachanová P, Wang C, Do H, Boutz DR, Kar S, Zemelman BV, Gollihar JD, Ellington AD. Engineering a human P2X2 receptor with altered ligand selectivity in yeast. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107248. [PMID: 38556082 PMCID: PMC11063903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors are a family of ligand gated ion channels found in a range of eukaryotic species including humans but are not naturally present in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We demonstrate the first recombinant expression and functional gating of the P2X2 receptor in baker's yeast. We leverage the yeast host for facile genetic screens of mutant P2X2 by performing site saturation mutagenesis at residues of interest, including SNPs implicated in deafness and at residues involved in native binding. Deep mutational analysis and rounds of genetic engineering yield mutant P2X2 F303Y A304W, which has altered ligand selectivity toward the ATP analog AMP-PNP. The F303Y A304W variant shows over 100-fold increased intracellular calcium amplitudes with AMP-PNP compared to the WT receptor and has a much lower desensitization rate. Since AMP-PNP does not naturally activate P2X receptors, the F303Y A304W P2X2 may be a starting point for downstream applications in chemogenetic cellular control. Interestingly, the A304W mutation selectively destabilizes the desensitized state, which may provide a mechanistic basis for receptor opening with suboptimal agonists. The yeast system represents an inexpensive, scalable platform for ion channel characterization and engineering by circumventing the more expensive and time-consuming methodologies involving mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Gardner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Caitlin Tramont
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Petra Bachanová
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Chad Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah Do
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel R Boutz
- Antibody Discovery and Accelerated Protein Therapeutics, Department of Pathology & Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaunak Kar
- Antibody Discovery and Accelerated Protein Therapeutics, Department of Pathology & Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Boris V Zemelman
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
| | - Jimmy D Gollihar
- Antibody Discovery and Accelerated Protein Therapeutics, Department of Pathology & Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Andrew D Ellington
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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7
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Zoch A, Konieczny G, Auchynnikava T, Stallmeyer B, Rotte N, Heep M, Berrens RV, Schito M, Kabayama Y, Schöpp T, Kliesch S, Houston B, Nagirnaja L, O'Bryan MK, Aston KI, Conrad DF, Rappsilber J, Allshire RC, Cook AG, Tüttelmann F, O'Carroll D. C19ORF84 connects piRNA and DNA methylation machineries to defend the mammalian germ line. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1021-1035.e11. [PMID: 38359823 PMCID: PMC10960678 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In the male mouse germ line, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), bound by the PIWI protein MIWI2 (PIWIL4), guide DNA methylation of young active transposons through SPOCD1. However, the underlying mechanisms of SPOCD1-mediated piRNA-directed transposon methylation and whether this pathway functions to protect the human germ line remain unknown. We identified loss-of-function variants in human SPOCD1 that cause defective transposon silencing and male infertility. Through the analysis of these pathogenic alleles, we discovered that the uncharacterized protein C19ORF84 interacts with SPOCD1. DNMT3C, the DNA methyltransferase responsible for transposon methylation, associates with SPOCD1 and C19ORF84 in fetal gonocytes. Furthermore, C19ORF84 is essential for piRNA-directed DNA methylation and male mouse fertility. Finally, C19ORF84 mediates the in vivo association of SPOCD1 with the de novo methylation machinery. In summary, we have discovered a conserved role for the human piRNA pathway in transposon silencing and C19ORF84, an uncharacterized protein essential for orchestrating piRNA-directed DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Zoch
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Gabriela Konieczny
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Tania Auchynnikava
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Birgit Stallmeyer
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadja Rotte
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Madeleine Heep
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Rebecca V Berrens
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX37TY, UK
| | - Martina Schito
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Yuka Kabayama
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Theresa Schöpp
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Brendan Houston
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Liina Nagirnaja
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenneth I Aston
- Andrology and In Vitro Fertilization Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Donald F Conrad
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA; Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin C Allshire
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Atlanta G Cook
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dónal O'Carroll
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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8
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Khalfi P, Denis Z, McKellar J, Merolla G, Chavey C, Ursic-Bedoya J, Soppa L, Szirovicza L, Hetzel U, Dufourt J, Leyrat C, Goldmann N, Goto K, Verrier E, Baumert TF, Glebe D, Courgnaud V, Gregoire D, Hepojoki J, Majzoub K. Comparative analysis of human, rodent and snake deltavirus replication. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012060. [PMID: 38442126 PMCID: PMC10942263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of Hepatitis D (HDV)-like viruses across a wide range of taxa led to the establishment of the Kolmioviridae family. Recent studies suggest that kolmiovirids can be satellites of viruses other than Hepatitis B virus (HBV), challenging the strict HBV/HDV-association dogma. Studying whether kolmiovirids are able to replicate in any animal cell they enter is essential to assess their zoonotic potential. Here, we compared replication of three kolmiovirids: HDV, rodent (RDeV) and snake (SDeV) deltavirus in vitro and in vivo. We show that SDeV has the narrowest and RDeV the broadest host cell range. High resolution imaging of cells persistently replicating these viruses revealed nuclear viral hubs with a peculiar RNA-protein organization. Finally, in vivo hydrodynamic delivery of viral replicons showed that both HDV and RDeV, but not SDeV, efficiently replicate in mouse liver, forming massive nuclear viral hubs. Our comparative analysis lays the foundation for the discovery of specific host factors controlling Kolmioviridae host-shifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Khalfi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Zoé Denis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Joe McKellar
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Giovanni Merolla
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Carine Chavey
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - José Ursic-Bedoya
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Department of hepato-gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Saint Eloi University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Lena Soppa
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B Viruses and Hepatitis D Viruses, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Leonora Szirovicza
- Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Udo Hetzel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Dufourt
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR9004, Montpellier, France
| | - Cedric Leyrat
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nora Goldmann
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B Viruses and Hepatitis D Viruses, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kaku Goto
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eloi Verrier
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dieter Glebe
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B Viruses and Hepatitis D Viruses, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Valérie Courgnaud
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Gregoire
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karim Majzoub
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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9
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Zeng M, Sarker B, Rondthaler SN, Vu V, Andrews LB. Identifying LasR Quorum Sensors with Improved Signal Specificity by Mapping the Sequence-Function Landscape. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:568-589. [PMID: 38206199 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Programmable intercellular signaling using components of naturally occurring quorum sensing can allow for coordinated functions to be engineered in microbial consortia. LuxR-type transcriptional regulators are widely used for this purpose and are activated by homoserine lactone (HSL) signals. However, they often suffer from imperfect molecular discrimination of structurally similar HSLs, causing misregulation within engineered consortia containing multiple HSL signals. Here, we studied one such example, the regulator LasR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We elucidated its sequence-function relationship for ligand specificity using targeted protein engineering and multiplexed high-throughput biosensor screening. A pooled combinatorial saturation mutagenesis library (9,486 LasR DNA sequences) was created by mutating six residues in LasR's β5 sheet with single, double, or triple amino acid substitutions. Sort-seq assays were performed in parallel using cognate and noncognate HSLs to quantify each corresponding sensor's response to each HSL signal, which identified hundreds of highly specific variants. Sensor variants identified were individually assayed and exhibited up to 60.6-fold (p = 0.0013) improved relative activation by the cognate signal compared to the wildtype. Interestingly, we uncovered prevalent mutational epistasis and previously unidentified residues contributing to signal specificity. The resulting sensors with negligible signal crosstalk could be broadly applied to engineer bacteria consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Biprodev Sarker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Stephen N Rondthaler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Vanessa Vu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lauren B Andrews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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10
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Zhou X, Zhou X, Zhang X, Dong H, Dong Y, Zhu H. Secretory CAZymes profile and GH19 enzymes analysis of Corallococcus silvisoli c25j21. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1324153. [PMID: 38374914 PMCID: PMC10875029 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1324153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular enzymes play important roles in myxobacteria degrading macromolecules and preying on other microorganisms. Glycoside hydrolases 19 (GH19) are widely present in myxobacteria, but their evolution and biological functions have not been fully elucidated. Here we investigated the comparative secretory proteome of Corallococcus silvisoli c25j21 in the presence of cellulose and chitin. A total of 313 proteins were detected, including 16 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), 7 of which were induced by cellulose or chitin, such as GH6, GH13, GH19, AA4, and CBM56. We further analyzed the sequence and structural characteristics of its three GH19 enzymes to understand their potential functions. The results revealed that myxobacterial GH19 enzymes are evolutionarily divided into two clades with different appended modules, and their different amino acid compositions in the substrate binding pockets lead to the differences in molecular surface electrostatic potentials, which may, in turn, affect their substrate selectivity and biological functions. Our study is helpful for further understanding the biological functions and catalytic mechanisms of myxobacterial CAZymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Johnson NV, Wall SC, Kramer KJ, Holt CM, Periasamy S, Richardson S, Suryadevara N, Andreano E, Paciello I, Pierleoni G, Piccini G, Huang Y, Ge P, Allen JD, Uno N, Shiakolas AR, Pilewski KA, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Abu-Shmais AA, Parks R, Haynes BF, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Montomoli E, Rappuoli R, Bukreyev A, Ross TM, Sautto GA, McLellan JS, Georgiev IS. Discovery and Characterization of a Pan-betacoronavirus S2-binding antibody. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575741. [PMID: 38293237 PMCID: PMC10827111 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Three coronaviruses have spilled over from animal reservoirs into the human population and caused deadly epidemics or pandemics. The continued emergence of coronaviruses highlights the need for pan-coronavirus interventions for effective pandemic preparedness. Here, using LIBRA-seq, we report a panel of 50 coronavirus antibodies isolated from human B cells. Of these antibodies, 54043-5 was shown to bind the S2 subunit of spike proteins from alpha-, beta-, and deltacoronaviruses. A cryo-EM structure of 54043-5 bound to the pre-fusion S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike defined an epitope at the apex of S2 that is highly conserved among betacoronaviruses. Although non-neutralizing, 54043-5 induced Fc-dependent antiviral responses, including ADCC and ADCP. In murine SARS-CoV-2 challenge studies, protection against disease was observed after introduction of Leu234Ala, Leu235Ala, and Pro329Gly (LALA-PG) substitutions in the Fc region of 54043-5. Together, these data provide new insights into the protective mechanisms of non-neutralizing antibodies and define a broadly conserved epitope within the S2 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole V. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Steven C. Wall
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 73232, USA
| | - Kevin J. Kramer
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 73232, USA
| | - Clinton M. Holt
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Simone Richardson
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | | | - Emanuele Andreano
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Ida Paciello
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Giulio Pierleoni
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy
| | | | - Ying Huang
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Pan Ge
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - James D. Allen
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Naoko Uno
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Andrea R. Shiakolas
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 73232, USA
| | - Kelsey A. Pilewski
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 73232, USA
| | - Rachel S. Nargi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel E. Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alexandria A. Abu-Shmais
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 73232, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert H. Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 73232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi Research S.r.l., Siena 53100, Italy
- VisMederi S.r.l, Siena 53100, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Giuseppe A. Sautto
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 73232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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12
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Noddings CM, Johnson JL, Agard DA. Cryo-EM reveals how Hsp90 and FKBP immunophilins co-regulate the glucocorticoid receptor. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1867-1877. [PMID: 37945740 PMCID: PMC10716051 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Hsp90 is an essential molecular chaperone responsible for the folding and activation of hundreds of 'client' proteins, including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Previously, we revealed that Hsp70 and Hsp90 remodel the conformation of GR to regulate ligand binding, aided by co-chaperones. In vivo, the co-chaperones FKBP51 and FKBP52 antagonistically regulate GR activity, but a molecular understanding is lacking. Here we present a 3.01 Å cryogenic electron microscopy structure of the human GR:Hsp90:FKBP52 complex, revealing how FKBP52 integrates into the GR chaperone cycle and directly binds to the active client, potentiating GR activity in vitro and in vivo. We also present a 3.23 Å cryogenic electron microscopy structure of the human GR:Hsp90:FKBP51 complex, revealing how FKBP51 competes with FKBP52 for GR:Hsp90 binding and demonstrating how FKBP51 can act as a potent antagonist to FKBP52. Altogether, we demonstrate how FKBP51 and FKBP52 integrate into the GR chaperone cycle to advance GR to the next stage of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chari M Noddings
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jill L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - David A Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Holst JD, Murphy LG, Gorman MJ, Ragan EJ. Comparison of insect and human cytochrome b561 proteins: Insights into candidate ferric reductases in insects. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291564. [PMID: 38039324 PMCID: PMC10691727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome b561 (cytb561) proteins comprise a family of transmembrane oxidoreductases that transfer single electrons across a membrane. Most eukaryotic species, including insects, possess multiple cytb561 homologs. To learn more about this protein family in insects, we carried out a bioinformatics-based investigation of cytb561 family members from nine species representing eight insect orders. We performed a phylogenetic analysis to classify insect cytb561 ortholog groups. We then conducted sequence analyses and analyzed protein models to predict structural elements that may impact the biological functions and localization of these proteins, with a focus on possible ferric reductase activity. Our study revealed three ortholog groups, designated CG1275, Nemy, and CG8399, and a fourth group of less-conserved genes. We found that CG1275 and Nemy proteins are similar to a human ferric reductase, duodenal cytochrome b561 (Dcytb), and have many conserved amino acid residues that function in substrate binding in Dcytb. Notably, CG1275 and Nemy proteins contain a conserved histidine and other residues that play a role in ferric ion reduction by Dcytb. Nemy proteins were distinguished by a novel cysteine-rich cytoplasmic loop sequence. CG8399 orthologs are similar to a putative ferric reductase in humans, stromal cell-derived receptor 2. Like other members of the CYBDOM class of cytb561 proteins, these proteins contain reeler, DOMON, and cytb561 domains. Drosophila melanogaster CG8399 is the only insect cytb561 with known ferric reductase activity. Our investigation of the DOMON domain in CG8399 proteins revealed a probable heme-binding site and a possible site for ferric reduction. The fourth group includes a subgroup of proteins with a conserved "KXXXXKXH" non-cytoplasmic loop motif that may be a substrate binding site and is present in a potential ferric reductase, human tumor suppressor cytochrome b561. This study provides a foundation for future investigations of the biological functions of cytb561 genes in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Holst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Laura G. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maureen J. Gorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Emily J. Ragan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
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14
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Fleming JR, Müller I, Zacharchenko T, Diederichs K, Mayans O. Molecular insights into titin's A-band. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:255-270. [PMID: 37258982 PMCID: PMC10665226 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The thick filament-associated A-band region of titin is a highly repetitive component of the titin chain with important scaffolding properties that support thick filament assembly. It also has a demonstrated link to human disease. Despite its functional significance, it remains a largely uncharacterized part of the titin protein. Here, we have performed an analysis of sequence and structure conservation of A-band titin, with emphasis on poly-FnIII tandem components. Specifically, we have applied multi-dimensional sequence pairwise similarity analysis to FnIII domains and complemented this with the crystallographic elucidation of the 3D-structure of the FnIII-triplet A84-A86 from the fourth long super-repeat in the C-zone (C4). Structural models serve here as templates to map sequence conservation onto super-repeat C4, which we show is a prototypical representative of titin's C-zone. This templating identifies positionally conserved residue clusters in C super-repeats with the potential of mediating interactions to thick-filament components. Conservation localizes to two super-repeat positions: Ig domains in position 1 and FnIII domains in position 7. The analysis also allows conclusions to be drawn on the conserved architecture of titin's A-band, as well as revisiting and expanding the evolutionary model of titin's A-band.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iljas Müller
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Zacharchenko
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kay Diederichs
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Olga Mayans
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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15
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Parnell EJ, Jenson E, Miller MP. An interaction hub on Ndc80 complex facilitates dynamic recruitment of Mps1 to yeast kinetochores to promote accurate chromosome segregation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566082. [PMID: 37986816 PMCID: PMC10659343 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation relies on kinetochores carrying out multiple functions, including establishing and maintaining microtubule attachments, forming precise bioriented attachments between sister chromatids, and activating the spindle assembly checkpoint. Central to these processes is the highly conserved Ndc80 complex. This kinetochore subcomplex interacts directly with microtubules, but also serves as a critical platform for recruiting kinetochore-associated factors and as a key substrate for error correction kinases. The precise manner in which these kinetochore factors interact, and regulate each other's function, remains unknown - considerably hindering our understanding of how Ndc80 complex-dependent processes function together to orchestrate accurate chromosome segregation. Here, we aimed to uncover the role of Nuf2's CH domain, a component of the Ndc80 complex, in ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. Through extensive mutational analysis, we identified a conserved "interaction hub" comprising two segments in Nuf2's CH domain, forming the binding site for Mps1 within the yeast Ndc80 complex. Intriguingly, the interaction between Mps1 and the Ndc80 complex seems to be subject to regulation by competitive binding with other factors. Mutants disrupting this interaction hub exhibit defects in spindle assembly checkpoint function and severe chromosome segregation errors. Significantly, specifically restoring Mps1-Ndc80 complex association rescues these defects. Our findings shed light on the intricate regulation of Ndc80 complex-dependent functions and highlight the essential role of Mps1 in kinetochore biorientation and accurate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Parnell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erin Jenson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew P. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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16
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Al-Ayari EA, Shehata MG, El-Hadidi M, Shaalan MG. In silico SNP prediction of selected protein orthologues in insect models for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18986. [PMID: 37923901 PMCID: PMC10624829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's are the most common neurodegenerative diseases that are incurable and affect the elderly population. Discovery of effective treatments for these diseases is often difficult, expensive, and serendipitous. Previous comparative studies on different model organisms have revealed that most animals share similar cellular and molecular characteristics. The meta-SNP tool includes four different integrated tools (SIFT, PANTHER, SNAP, and PhD-SNP) was used to identify non synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNPs). Prediction of nsSNPs was conducted on three representative proteins for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases; APPl in Drosophila melanogaster, LRRK1 in Aedes aegypti, and VCPl in Tribolium castaneum. With the possibility of using insect models to investigate neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude from the protein comparative analysis between different insect models and nsSNP analyses that D. melanogaster is the best model for Alzheimer's representing five nsSNPs of the 21 suggested mutations in the APPl protein. Aedes aegypti is the best model for Parkinson's representing three nsSNPs in the LRRK1 protein. Tribolium castaneum is the best model for Huntington's disease representing 13 SNPs of 37 suggested mutations in the VCPl protein. This study aimed to improve human neural health by identifying the best insect to model Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshraka A Al-Ayari
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Magdi G Shehata
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Hadidi
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Sciences (CIS), School of Information Technology and Computer Science (ITCS) , Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona G Shaalan
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Pei J, Cong Q. Computational analysis of regulatory regions in human protein kinases. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4764. [PMID: 37632170 PMCID: PMC10503413 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic proteins often feature modular domain structures comprising globular domains that are connected by linker regions and intrinsically disordered regions that may contain important functional motifs. The intramolecular interactions of globular domains and nonglobular regions can play critical roles in different aspects of protein function. However, studying these interactions and their regulatory roles can be challenging due to the flexibility of nonglobular regions, the long insertions separating interacting modules, and the transient nature of some interactions. Obtaining the experimental structures of multiple domains and functional regions is more difficult than determining the structures of individual globular domains. High-quality structural models generated by AlphaFold offer a unique opportunity to study intramolecular interactions in eukaryotic proteins. In this study, we systematically explored intramolecular interactions between human protein kinase domains (KDs) and potential regulatory regions, including globular domains, N- and C-terminal tails, long insertions, and distal nonglobular regions. Our analysis identified intramolecular interactions between human KDs and 35 different types of globular domains, exhibiting a variety of interaction modes that could contribute to orthosteric or allosteric regulation of kinase activity. We also identified prevalent interactions between human KDs and their flanking regions (N- and C-terminal tails). These interactions exhibit group-specific characteristics and can vary within each specific kinase group. Although long-range interactions between KDs and nonglobular regions are relatively rare, structural details of these interactions offer new insights into the regulation mechanisms of several kinases, such as HASPIN, MAPK7, MAPK15, and SIK1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Pei
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Department of BiophysicsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Qian Cong
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Department of BiophysicsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
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18
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Thongchol J, Lill Z, Hoover Z, Zhang J. Recent Advances in Structural Studies of Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages. Viruses 2023; 15:1985. [PMID: 37896763 PMCID: PMC10610835 DOI: 10.3390/v15101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) bacteriophages (phages) were first isolated six decades ago. Since then, extensive research has been conducted on these ssRNA phages, particularly those infecting E. coli. With small genomes of typically 3-4 kb that usually encode four essential proteins, ssRNA phages employ a straightforward infectious cycle involving host adsorption, genome entry, genome replication, phage assembly, and host lysis. Recent advancements in metagenomics and transcriptomics have led to the identification of ~65,000 sequences from ssRNA phages, expanding our understanding of their prevalence and potential hosts. This review article illuminates significant investigations into ssRNA phages, with a focal point on their structural aspects, providing insights into the various stages of their infectious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junjie Zhang
- Center for Phage Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.T.); (Z.L.); (Z.H.)
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19
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Myronidi I, Ring A, Wu F, Ljungdahl PO. ER-localized Shr3 is a selective co-translational folding chaperone necessary for amino acid permease biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208060. [PMID: 37477900 PMCID: PMC10359922 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins with multiple membrane-spanning segments (MS) co-translationally insert into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane of eukaryotic cells. Shr3, an ER membrane-localized chaperone in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is required for the functional expression of a family of 18 amino acid permeases (AAP) comprised of 12 MS. We have used comprehensive scanning mutagenesis and deletion analysis of Shr3 combined with a modified split-ubiquitin approach to probe chaperone-substrate interactions in vivo. Shr3 selectively interacts with nested C-terminal AAP truncations in marked contrast to similar truncations of non-Shr3 substrate sugar transporters. Shr3-AAP interactions initiate with the first four MS of AAP and successively strengthen but weaken abruptly when all 12 MS are present. Shr3-AAP interactions are based on structural rather than sequence-specific interactions involving membrane and luminal domains of Shr3. The data align with Shr3 engaging nascent N-terminal chains of AAP, functioning as a scaffold to facilitate folding as translation completes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Myronidi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Ring
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per O. Ljungdahl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Pei J, Zhang J, Wang XD, Kim C, Yu Y, Cong Q. Impact of Asp/Glu-ADP-ribosylation on protein-protein interaction and protein function. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200083. [PMID: 36453556 PMCID: PMC10362910 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PARylation plays critical role in regulating multiple cellular processes such as DNA damage response and repair, transcription, RNA processing, and stress response. More than 300 human proteins have been found to be modified by PARylation on acidic residues, that is, Asp (D) and Glu (E). We used the deep-learning tool AlphaFold to predict protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and their interfaces for these proteins based on coevolution signals from joint multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). AlphaFold predicted 260 confident PPIs involving PARylated proteins, and about one quarter of these PPIs have D/E-PARylation sites in their predicted PPI interfaces. AlphaFold predictions offer novel insights into the mechanisms of PARylation regulations by providing structural details of the PPI interfaces. D/E-PARylation sites have a preference to occur in coil regions and disordered regions, and PPI interfaces containing D/E-PARylation sites tend to occur between short linear sequence motifs in disordered regions and globular domains. The hub protein PCNA is predicted to interact with more than 20 proteins via the common PIP box motif and the structurally variable flanking regions. D/E-PARylation sites were found in the interfaces of key components of the RNA transcription and export complex, the SF3a spliceosome complex, and H/ACA and C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes, suggesting that systematic PARylation have a profound effect in regulating multiple RNA-related processes such as RNA nuclear export, splicing, and modification. Finally, PARylation of SUMO2 could modulate its interaction with CHAF1A, thereby representing a potential mechanism for the cross-talk between PARylation and SUMOylation in regulation of chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Pei
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Chiho Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Qian Cong
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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21
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Paweletz LC, Holtbrügge SL, Löb M, De Vecchis D, Schäfer LV, Günther Pomorski T, Justesen BH. Anionic Phospholipids Stimulate the Proton Pumping Activity of the Plant Plasma Membrane P-Type H +-ATPase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13106. [PMID: 37685912 PMCID: PMC10488199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of membrane proteins depends strongly on the surrounding lipid environment. Here, we characterize the lipid stimulation of the plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase Arabidopsis thaliana H+-ATPase isoform 2 (AHA2) upon purification and reconstitution into liposomes of defined lipid compositions. We show that the proton pumping activity of AHA2 is stimulated by anionic phospholipids, especially by phosphatidylserine. This activation was independent of the cytoplasmic C-terminal regulatory domain of the pump. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed several preferential contact sites for anionic phospholipids in the transmembrane domain of AHA2. These contact sites are partially conserved in functionally different P-type ATPases from different organisms, suggesting a general regulation mechanism by the membrane lipid environment. Our findings highlight the fact that anionic lipids play an important role in the control of H+-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Paweletz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.C.P.); (M.L.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Simon L. Holtbrügge
- Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (S.L.H.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Malina Löb
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.C.P.); (M.L.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Dario De Vecchis
- Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (S.L.H.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Lars V. Schäfer
- Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (S.L.H.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.C.P.); (M.L.); (T.G.P.)
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bo Højen Justesen
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (L.C.P.); (M.L.); (T.G.P.)
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22
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Martinez Grundman JE, Johnson EA, Lecomte JTJ. Architectural digest: Thermodynamic stability and domain structure of a consensus monomeric globin. Biophys J 2023; 122:3117-3132. [PMID: 37353934 PMCID: PMC10432219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial proteins representing the consensus of a set of homologous sequences have attracted attention for their increased thermodynamic stability and conserved activity. Here, we applied the consensus approach to a b-type heme-binding protein to inspect the contribution of a dissociable cofactor to enhanced stability and the chemical consequences of creating a generic heme environment. We targeted the group 1 truncated hemoglobin (TrHb1) subfamily of proteins for their small size (∼120 residues) and ease of characterization. The primary structure, derived from a curated set of ∼300 representative sequences, yielded a highly soluble consensus globin (cGlbN) enriched in acidic residues. Optical and NMR spectroscopies revealed high-affinity heme binding in the expected site and in two orientations. At neutral pH, proximal and distal iron coordination was achieved with a pair of histidine residues, as observed in some natural TrHb1s, and with labile ligation on the distal side. As opposed to studied TrHb1s, which undergo additional folding upon heme binding, cGlbN displayed the same extent of secondary structure whether the heme was associated with the protein or not. Denaturation required guanidine hydrochloride and showed that apo- and holoprotein unfolded in two transitions-the first (occurring with a midpoint of ∼2 M) was shifted to higher denaturant concentration in the holoprotein (∼3.7 M) and reflected stabilization due to heme binding, while the second transition (∼6.2 M) was common to both forms. Thus, the consensus sequence stabilized the protein but exposed the existence of two separately cooperative subdomains within the globin architecture, masked as one single domain in TrHb1s with typical stabilities. The results suggested ways in which specific chemical or thermodynamic features may be controlled in artificial heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric A Johnson
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juliette T J Lecomte
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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23
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Slough MM, Li R, Herbert AS, Lasso G, Kuehne AI, Monticelli SR, Bakken RR, Liu Y, Ghosh A, Moreau AM, Zeng X, Rey FA, Guardado-Calvo P, Almo SC, Dye JM, Jangra RK, Wang Z, Chandran K. Two point mutations in protocadherin-1 disrupt hantavirus recognition and afford protection against lethal infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4454. [PMID: 37488123 PMCID: PMC10366084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV) are the etiologic agents of severe hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas for which no FDA-approved countermeasures are available. Protocadherin-1 (PCDH1), a cadherin-superfamily protein recently identified as a critical host factor for ANDV and SNV, represents a new antiviral target; however, its precise role remains to be elucidated. Here, we use computational and experimental approaches to delineate the binding surface of the hantavirus glycoprotein complex on PCDH1's first extracellular cadherin repeat domain. Strikingly, a single amino acid residue in this PCDH1 surface influences the host species-specificity of SNV glycoprotein-PCDH1 interaction and cell entry. Mutation of this and a neighboring residue substantially protects Syrian hamsters from pulmonary disease and death caused by ANDV. We conclude that PCDH1 is a bona fide entry receptor for ANDV and SNV whose direct interaction with hantavirus glycoproteins could be targeted to develop new interventions against HCPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Slough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie R Monticelli
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Agnidipta Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alicia M Moreau
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Structural Virology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Structural Virology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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24
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Becerra-Artiles A, Nanaware PP, Muneeruddin K, Weaver GC, Shaffer SA, Calvo-Calle JM, Stern LJ. Immunopeptidome profiling of human coronavirus OC43-infected cells identifies CD4 T-cell epitopes specific to seasonal coronaviruses or cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011032. [PMID: 37498934 PMCID: PMC10409285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal "common-cold" human coronaviruses are widely spread throughout the world and are mainly associated with mild upper respiratory tract infections. The emergence of highly pathogenic coronaviruses MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and most recently SARS-CoV-2 has prompted increased attention to coronavirus biology and immunopathology, but the T-cell response to seasonal coronaviruses remains largely uncharacterized. Here we report the repertoire of viral peptides that are naturally processed and presented upon infection of a model cell line with seasonal coronavirus OC43. We identified MHC-bound peptides derived from each of the viral structural proteins (spike, nucleoprotein, hemagglutinin-esterase, membrane, and envelope) as well as non-structural proteins nsp3, nsp5, nsp6, and nsp12. Eighty MHC-II bound peptides corresponding to 14 distinct OC43-derived epitopes were identified, including many at very high abundance within the overall MHC-II peptidome. Fewer and less abundant MHC-I bound OC43-derived peptides were observed, possibly due to MHC-I downregulation induced by OC43 infection. The MHC-II peptides elicited low-abundance recall T-cell responses in most donors tested. In vitro assays confirmed that the peptides were recognized by CD4+ T cells and identified the presenting HLA alleles. T-cell responses cross-reactive between OC43, SARS-CoV-2, and the other seasonal coronaviruses were confirmed in samples of peripheral blood and peptide-expanded T-cell lines. Among the validated epitopes, spike protein S903-917 presented by DPA1*01:03/DPB1*04:01 and S1085-1099 presented by DRB1*15:01 shared substantial homology to other human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and were targeted by cross-reactive CD4 T cells. Nucleoprotein N54-68 and hemagglutinin-esterase HE128-142 presented by DRB1*15:01 and HE259-273 presented by DPA1*01:03/DPB1*04:01 are immunodominant epitopes with low coronavirus homology that are not cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2. Overall, the set of naturally processed and presented OC43 epitopes comprise both OC43-specific and human coronavirus cross-reactive epitopes, which can be used to follow CD4 T-cell cross-reactivity after infection or vaccination, and to guide selection of epitopes for inclusion in pan-coronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniuska Becerra-Artiles
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Padma P. Nanaware
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Khaja Muneeruddin
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, UMass Chan Medical School, Shrewsbury Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Grant C. Weaver
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Shaffer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, UMass Chan Medical School, Shrewsbury Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - J. Mauricio Calvo-Calle
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Stern
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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25
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May AJ, Pothula KR, Janowska K, Acharya P. Structures of Langya Virus Fusion Protein Ectodomain in Pre- and Postfusion Conformation. J Virol 2023; 97:e0043323. [PMID: 37278642 PMCID: PMC10308951 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00433-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Langya virus (LayV) is a paramyxovirus in the Henipavirus genus, closely related to the deadly Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses, that was identified in August 2022 through disease surveillance following animal exposure in eastern China. Paramyxoviruses present two glycoproteins on their surface, known as attachment and fusion proteins, that mediate entry into cells and constitute the primary antigenic targets for immune response. Here, we determine cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the uncleaved LayV fusion protein (F) ectodomain in pre- and postfusion conformations. The LayV-F protein exhibits pre- and postfusion architectures that, despite being highly conserved across paramyxoviruses, show differences in their surface properties, in particular at the apex of the prefusion trimer, that may contribute to antigenic variability. While dramatic conformational changes were visualized between the pre- and postfusion forms of the LayV-F protein, several domains remained invariant, held together by highly conserved disulfides. The LayV-F fusion peptide (FP) is buried within a highly conserved, hydrophobic interprotomer pocket in the prefusion state and is notably less flexible than the rest of the protein, highlighting its "spring-loaded" state and suggesting that the mechanism of pre-to-post transition must involve perturbations to the pocket and release of the fusion peptide. Together, these results offer a structural basis for how the Langya virus fusion protein compares to its Henipavirus relatives and propose a mechanism for the initial step of pre- to postfusion conversion that may apply more broadly to paramyxoviruses. IMPORTANCE The Henipavirus genus is quickly expanding into new animal hosts and geographic locations. This study compares the structure and antigenicity of the Langya virus fusion protein to other henipaviruses, which have important vaccine and therapeutic development implications. Furthermore, the study proposes a new mechanism to explain the early steps of the fusion initiation process that can be more broadly applied to the Paramyxoviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. May
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University, Department of Biochemistry, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University, Department of Biochemistry, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University, Department of Surgery, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Sørensen CV, Ledsgaard L, Wildenauer HHK, Dahl CH, Ebersole TW, Bohn MF, Ljungars A, Jenkins TP, Laustsen AH. Cross-reactivity trends when selecting scFv antibodies against snake toxins using a phage display-based cross-panning strategy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10181. [PMID: 37349546 PMCID: PMC10287648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies with cross-reactive binding and broad toxin-neutralizing capabilities are advantageous for treating indications such as infectious diseases and animal envenomings. Such antibodies have been successfully selected against closely related antigens using phage display technology. However, the mechanisms driving antibody cross-reactivity typically remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we sought to explore how a previously reported phage display-based cross-panning strategy drives the selection of cross-reactive antibodies using seven different snake toxins belonging to three protein (sub-)families: phospholipases A2, long-chain α-neurotoxins, and short-chain α-neurotoxins. We showcase how cross-panning can increase the chances of discovering cross-reactive single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) from phage display campaigns. Further, we find that the feasibility of discovering cross-reactive antibodies using cross-panning cannot easily be predicted by analyzing the sequence, structural, or surface similarity of the antigens alone. However, when antigens share the (exact) same functions, this seems to increase the chances of selecting cross-reactive antibodies, which may possibly be due to the existence of structurally similar motifs on the antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer V Sørensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Line Ledsgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Helen H K Wildenauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla H Dahl
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tasja W Ebersole
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Markus-Frederik Bohn
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Ljungars
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timothy P Jenkins
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas H Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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27
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Ikegame S, Carmichael JC, Wells H, Furler O'Brien RL, Acklin JA, Chiu HP, Oguntuyo KY, Cox RM, Patel AR, Kowdle S, Stevens CS, Eckley M, Zhan S, Lim JK, Veit EC, Evans MJ, Hashiguchi T, Durigon E, Schountz T, Epstein JH, Plemper RK, Daszak P, Anthony SJ, Lee B. Metagenomics-enabled reverse-genetics assembly and characterization of myotis bat morbillivirus. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1108-1122. [PMID: 37142773 PMCID: PMC11089651 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Morbilliviruses are among the most contagious viral pathogens of mammals. Although previous metagenomic surveys have identified morbillivirus sequences in bats, full-length morbilliviruses from bats are limited. Here we characterize the myotis bat morbillivirus (MBaMV) from a bat surveillance programme in Brazil, whose full genome was recently published. We demonstrate that the fusion and receptor binding protein of MBaMV utilize bat CD150 and not human CD150, as an entry receptor in a mammalian cell line. Using reverse genetics, we produced a clone of MBaMV that infected Vero cells expressing bat CD150. Electron microscopy of MBaMV-infected cells revealed budding of pleomorphic virions, a characteristic morbillivirus feature. MBaMV replication reached 103-105 plaque-forming units ml-1 in human epithelial cell lines and was dependent on nectin-4. Infection of human macrophages also occurred, albeit 2-10-fold less efficiently than measles virus. Importantly, MBaMV is restricted by cross-neutralizing human sera elicited by measles, mumps and rubella vaccination and is inhibited by orally bioavailable polymerase inhibitors in vitro. MBaMV-encoded P/V genes did not antagonize human interferon induction. Finally, we show that MBaMV does not cause disease in Jamaican fruit bats. We conclude that, while zoonotic spillover into humans may theoretically be plausible, MBaMV replication would probably be controlled by the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ikegame
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jillian C Carmichael
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Wells
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert L Furler O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua A Acklin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsin-Ping Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert M Cox
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aum R Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shreyas Kowdle
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian S Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miles Eckley
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shijun Zhan
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethan C Veit
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Evans
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Edison Durigon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tony Schountz
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Richard K Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Simon J Anthony
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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Perrett HR, Brouwer PJM, Hurtado J, Newby ML, Liu L, Müller-Kräuter H, Müller Aguirre S, Burger JA, Bouhuijs JH, Gibson G, Messmer T, Schieffelin JS, Antanasijevic A, Boons GJ, Strecker T, Crispin M, Sanders RW, Briney B, Ward AB. Structural conservation of Lassa virus glycoproteins and recognition by neutralizing antibodies. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112524. [PMID: 37209096 PMCID: PMC10242449 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever is an acute hemorrhagic fever caused by the zoonotic Lassa virus (LASV). The LASV glycoprotein complex (GPC) mediates viral entry and is the sole target for neutralizing antibodies. Immunogen design is complicated by the metastable nature of recombinant GPCs and the antigenic differences among phylogenetically distinct LASV lineages. Despite the sequence diversity of the GPC, structures of most lineages are lacking. We present the development and characterization of prefusion-stabilized, trimeric GPCs of LASV lineages II, V, and VII, revealing structural conservation despite sequence diversity. High-resolution structures and biophysical characterization of the GPC in complex with GP1-A-specific antibodies suggest their neutralization mechanisms. Finally, we present the isolation and characterization of a trimer-preferring neutralizing antibody belonging to the GPC-B competition group with an epitope that spans adjacent protomers and includes the fusion peptide. Our work provides molecular detail information on LASV antigenic diversity and will guide efforts to design pan-LASV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailee R Perrett
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan Hurtado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Viral Systems Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maddy L Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | - Judith A Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers. Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Joey H Bouhuijs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers. Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Grace Gibson
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Terrence Messmer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Strecker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers. Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Viral Systems Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Inchingolo MA, Diman A, Adamczewski M, Humphreys T, Jaquier-Gubler P, Curran JA. TP53BP1, a dual-coding gene, uses promoter switching and translational reinitiation to express a smORF protein. iScience 2023; 26:106757. [PMID: 37216125 PMCID: PMC10193022 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the metazoan proteome is significantly increased by the expression of small proteins (<100 aa) derived from smORFs within lncRNAs, uORFs, 3' UTRs and, reading frames overlapping the CDS. These smORF encoded proteins (SEPs) have diverse roles, ranging from the regulation of cellular physiological to essential developmental functions. We report the characterization of a new member of this protein family, SEP53BP1, derived from a small internal ORF that overlaps the CDS encoding 53BP1. Its expression is coupled to the utilization of an alternative, cell-type specific promoter coupled to translational reinitiation events mediated by a uORF in the alternative 5' TL of the mRNA. This uORF-mediated reinitiation at an internal ORF is also observed in zebrafish. Interactome studies indicate that the human SEP53BP1 associates with components of the protein turnover pathway including the proteasome, and the TRiC/CCT chaperonin complex, suggesting that it may play a role in cellular proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A. Inchingolo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Diman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Adamczewski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Tom Humphreys
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pascale Jaquier-Gubler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph A. Curran
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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30
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Eilers G, Gupta K, Allen A, Montermoso S, Murali H, Sharp R, Hwang Y, Bushman FD, Van Duyne G. Structure of a HIV-1 IN-Allosteric inhibitor complex at 2.93 Å resolution: Routes to inhibitor optimization. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011097. [PMID: 36867659 PMCID: PMC10016701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV integrase (IN) inserts viral DNA into the host genome and is the target of the strand transfer inhibitors (STIs), a class of small molecules currently in clinical use. Another potent class of antivirals is the allosteric inhibitors of integrase, or ALLINIs. ALLINIs promote IN aggregation by stabilizing an interaction between the catalytic core domain (CCD) and carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) that undermines viral particle formation in late replication. Ongoing challenges with inhibitor potency, toxicity, and viral resistance motivate research to understand their mechanism. Here, we report a 2.93 Å X-ray crystal structure of the minimal ternary complex between CCD, CTD, and the ALLINI BI-224436. This structure reveals an asymmetric ternary complex with a prominent network of π-mediated interactions that suggest specific avenues for future ALLINI development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Eilers
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kushol Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Audrey Allen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Saira Montermoso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hemma Murali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert Sharp
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Young Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregory Van Duyne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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31
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Cryo-EM structure of ssDNA bacteriophage ΦCjT23 provides insight into early virus evolution. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7478. [PMID: 36463224 PMCID: PMC9719478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of viruses remains an open question. While lack of detectable sequence similarity hampers the analysis of distantly related viruses, structural biology investigations of conserved capsid protein structures facilitate the study of distant evolutionary relationships. Here we characterize the lipid-containing ssDNA temperate bacteriophage ΦCjT23, which infects Flavobacterium sp. (Bacteroidetes). We report ΦCjT23-like sequences in the genome of strains belonging to several Flavobacterium species. The virion structure determined by cryogenic electron microscopy reveals similarities to members of the viral kingdom Bamfordvirae that currently consists solely of dsDNA viruses with a major capsid protein composed of two upright β-sandwiches. The minimalistic structure of ΦCjT23 suggests that this phage serves as a model for the last common ancestor between ssDNA and dsDNA viruses in the Bamfordvirae. Both ΦCjT23 and the related phage FLiP infect Flavobacterium species found in several environments, suggesting that these types of viruses have a global distribution and a shared evolutionary origin. Detailed comparisons to related, more complex viruses not only expand our knowledge about this group of viruses but also provide a rare glimpse into early virus evolution.
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32
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Becerra-Artiles A, Nanaware PP, Muneeruddin K, Weaver GC, Shaffer SA, Calvo-Calle JM, Stern LJ. Immunopeptidome profiling of human coronavirus OC43-infected cells identifies CD4 T cell epitopes specific to seasonal coronaviruses or cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.12.01.518643. [PMID: 36482973 PMCID: PMC9727760 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.01.518643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal "common-cold" human coronaviruses are widely spread throughout the world and are mainly associated with mild upper respiratory tract infections. The emergence of highly pathogenic coronaviruses MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and most recently SARS-CoV-2 has prompted increased attention to coronavirus biology and immunopathology, but identification and characterization of the T cell response to seasonal human coronaviruses remain largely uncharacterized. Here we report the repertoire of viral peptides that are naturally processed and presented upon infection of a model cell line with seasonal human coronavirus OC43. We identified MHC-I and MHC-II bound peptides derived from the viral spike, nucleocapsid, hemagglutinin-esterase, 3C-like proteinase, and envelope proteins. Only three MHC-I bound OC43-derived peptides were observed, possibly due to the potent MHC-I downregulation induced by OC43 infection. By contrast, 80 MHC-II bound peptides corresponding to 14 distinct OC43-derived epitopes were identified, including many at very high abundance within the overall MHC-II peptidome. These peptides elicited low-abundance recall T cell responses in most donors tested. In vitro assays confirmed that the peptides were recognized by CD4+ T cells and identified the presenting HLA alleles. T cell responses cross-reactive between OC43, SARS-CoV-2, and the other seasonal coronaviruses were confirmed in samples of peripheral blood and peptide-expanded T cell lines. Among the validated epitopes, S 903-917 presented by DPA1*01:03/DPB1*04:01 and S 1085-1099 presented by DRB1*15:01 shared substantial homology to other human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and were targeted by cross-reactive CD4 T cells. N 54-68 and HE 128-142 presented by DRB1*15:01 and HE 259-273 presented by DPA1*01:03/DPB1*04:01 are immunodominant epitopes with low coronavirus homology that are not cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2. Overall, the set of naturally processed and presented OC43 epitopes comprise both OC43-specific and human coronavirus cross-reactive epitopes, which can be used to follow T cell cross-reactivity after infection or vaccination and could aid in the selection of epitopes for inclusion in pan-coronavirus vaccines. Author Summary There is much current interest in cellular immune responses to seasonal common-cold coronaviruses because of their possible role in mediating protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection or pathology. However, identification of relevant T cell epitopes and systematic studies of the T cell responses responding to these viruses are scarce. We conducted a study to identify naturally processed and presented MHC-I and MHC-II epitopes from human cells infected with the seasonal coronavirus HCoV-OC43, and to characterize the T cell responses associated with these epitopes. We found epitopes specific to the seasonal coronaviruses, as well as epitopes cross-reactive between HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2. These epitopes should be useful in following immune responses to seasonal coronaviruses and identifying their roles in COVID-19 vaccination, infection, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniuska Becerra-Artiles
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester MA
| | - Padma P. Nanaware
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester MA
| | - Khaja Muneeruddin
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, UMass Chan Medical School, Shrewsbury MA
| | - Grant C. Weaver
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester MA
| | - Scott A. Shaffer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, UMass Chan Medical School, Shrewsbury MA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - J. Mauricio Calvo-Calle
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester MA
| | - Lawrence J. Stern
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester MA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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33
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Abstract
Bacterial type VIIb secretion systems (T7SSb) are multisubunit integral membrane protein complexes found in Firmicutes that play a role in both bacterial competition and virulence by secreting toxic effector proteins. The majority of characterized T7SSb effectors adopt a polymorphic domain architecture consisting of a conserved N-terminal Leu-X-Gly (LXG) domain and a variable C-terminal toxin domain. Recent work has started to reveal the diversity of toxic activities exhibited by LXG effectors; however, little is known about how these proteins are recruited to the T7SSb apparatus. In this work, we sought to characterize genes encoding domains of unknown function (DUFs) 3130 and 3958, which frequently cooccur with LXG effector-encoding genes. Using coimmunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analyses, in vitro copurification experiments, and T7SSb secretion assays, we found that representative members of these protein families form heteromeric complexes with their cognate LXG domain and in doing so, function as targeting factors that promote effector export. Additionally, an X-ray crystal structure of a representative DUF3958 protein, combined with predictive modeling of DUF3130 using AlphaFold2, revealed structural similarity between these protein families and the ubiquitous WXG100 family of T7SS effectors. Interestingly, we identified a conserved FxxxD motif within DUF3130 that is reminiscent of the YxxxD/E “export arm” found in mycobacterial T7SSa substrates and mutation of this motif abrogates LXG effector secretion. Overall, our data experimentally link previously uncharacterized bacterial DUFs to type VIIb secretion and reveal a molecular signature required for LXG effector export.
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34
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Holcomb DD, Jankowska KI, Hernandez N, Laurie K, Kames J, Hamasaki-Katagiri N, Komar AA, DiCuccio M, Kimchi-Sarfaty C. Protocol to identify host-viral protein interactions between coagulation-related proteins and their genetic variants with SARS-CoV-2 proteins. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101648. [PMID: 36052345 PMCID: PMC9345850 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a bioinformatics pipeline that evaluates the interactions between coagulation-related proteins and genetic variants with SARS-CoV-2 proteins. This pipeline searches for host proteins that may bind to viral protein and identifies and scores the protein genetic variants to predict the disease pathogenesis in specific subpopulations. Additionally, it is able to find structurally similar motifs and identify potential binding sites within the host-viral protein complexes to unveil viral impact on regulated biological processes and/or host-protein impact on viral invasion or reproduction. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Holcomb et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Holcomb
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Katarzyna I. Jankowska
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Hernandez
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kyle Laurie
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jacob Kames
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nobuko Hamasaki-Katagiri
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anton A. Komar
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael DiCuccio
- National Center of Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA,Corresponding author
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35
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Piserchio A, Isiorho EA, Long K, Bohanon AL, Kumar EA, Will N, Jeruzalmi D, Dalby KN, Ghose R. Structural basis for the calmodulin-mediated activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2039. [PMID: 35857468 PMCID: PMC9258954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Translation is a tightly regulated process that ensures optimal protein quality and enables adaptation to energy/nutrient availability. The α-kinase eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K), a key regulator of translation, specifically phosphorylates the guanosine triphosphatase eEF-2, thereby reducing its affinity for the ribosome and suppressing the elongation phase of protein synthesis. eEF-2K activation requires calmodulin binding and autophosphorylation at the primary stimulatory site, T348. Biochemical studies predict a calmodulin-mediated activation mechanism for eEF-2K distinct from other calmodulin-dependent kinases. Here, we resolve the atomic details of this mechanism through a 2.3-Å crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex of calmodulin and the functional core of eEF-2K (eEF-2KTR). This structure, which represents the activated T348-phosphorylated state of eEF-2KTR, highlights an intimate association of the kinase with the calmodulin C-lobe, creating an "activation spine" that connects its amino-terminal calmodulin-targeting motif to its active site through a conserved regulatory element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Eta A. Isiorho
- Macromolecular Crystallization Facility, CUNY ASRC, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Kimberly Long
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amanda L. Bohanon
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Eric A. Kumar
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nathan Will
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Jeruzalmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
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36
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Rodríguez-Molina JB, O'Reilly FJ, Fagarasan H, Sheekey E, Maslen S, Skehel JM, Rappsilber J, Passmore LA. Mpe1 senses the binding of pre-mRNA and controls 3' end processing by CPF. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2490-2504.e12. [PMID: 35584695 PMCID: PMC9380774 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are processed at their 3' end by the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPF/CPSF). CPF mediates the endonucleolytic cleavage of the pre-mRNA and addition of a polyadenosine (poly(A)) tail, which together define the 3' end of the mature transcript. The activation of CPF is highly regulated to maintain the fidelity of RNA processing. Here, using cryo-EM of yeast CPF, we show that the Mpe1 subunit directly contacts the polyadenylation signal sequence in nascent pre-mRNA. The region of Mpe1 that contacts RNA also promotes the activation of CPF endonuclease activity and controls polyadenylation. The Cft2 subunit of CPF antagonizes the RNA-stabilized configuration of Mpe1. In vivo, the depletion or mutation of Mpe1 leads to widespread defects in transcription termination by RNA polymerase II, resulting in transcription interference on neighboring genes. Together, our data suggest that Mpe1 plays a major role in accurate 3' end processing, activating CPF, and ensuring timely transcription termination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis J O'Reilly
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioanalytics, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Sarah Maslen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - J Mark Skehel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioanalytics, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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37
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Kinch LN, Cong Q, Jaishankar J, Orth K. Co-component signal transduction systems: Fast-evolving virulence regulation cassettes discovered in enteric bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203176119. [PMID: 35648808 PMCID: PMC9214523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203176119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial signal transduction systems sense changes in the environment and transmit these signals to control cellular responses. The simplest one-component signal transduction systems include an input sensor domain and an output response domain encoded in a single protein chain. Alternatively, two-component signal transduction systems transmit signals by phosphorelay between input and output domains from separate proteins. The membrane-tethered periplasmic bile acid sensor that activates the Vibrio parahaemolyticus type III secretion system adopts an obligate heterodimer of two proteins encoded by partially overlapping VtrA and VtrC genes. This co-component signal transduction system binds bile acid using a lipocalin-like domain in VtrC and transmits the signal through the membrane to a cytoplasmic DNA-binding transcription factor in VtrA. Using the domain and operon organization of VtrA/VtrC, we identify a fast-evolving superfamily of co-component systems in enteric bacteria. Accurate machine learning–based fold predictions for the candidate co-components support their homology in the twilight zone of rapidly evolving sequences and provide mechanistic hypotheses about previously unrecognized lipid-sensing functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N. Kinch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Qian Cong
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jananee Jaishankar
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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38
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Becerra-Artiles A, Calvo-Calle JM, Co MD, Nanaware PP, Cruz J, Weaver GC, Lu L, Forconi C, Finberg RW, Moormann AM, Stern LJ. Broadly recognized, cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 CD4 T cell epitopes are highly conserved across human coronaviruses and presented by common HLA alleles. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110952. [PMID: 35675811 PMCID: PMC9135679 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence homology between SARS-CoV-2 and common-cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs) raises the possibility that memory responses to prior HCoV infection can affect T cell response in COVID-19. We studied T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs in convalescent COVID-19 donors and identified a highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 sequence, S811-831, with overlapping epitopes presented by common MHC class II proteins HLA-DQ5 and HLA-DP4. These epitopes are recognized by low-abundance CD4 T cells from convalescent COVID-19 donors, mRNA vaccine recipients, and uninfected donors. TCR sequencing revealed a diverse repertoire with public TCRs. T cell cross-reactivity is driven by the high conservation across human and animal coronaviruses of T cell contact residues in both HLA-DQ5 and HLA-DP4 binding frames, with distinct patterns of HCoV cross-reactivity explained by MHC class II binding preferences and substitutions at secondary TCR contact sites. These data highlight S811-831 as a highly conserved CD4 T cell epitope broadly recognized across human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Dawn Co
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Padma P. Nanaware
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - John Cruz
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Grant C. Weaver
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Liying Lu
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Catherine Forconi
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Robert W. Finberg
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Ann M. Moormann
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Stern
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA,Corresponding author
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39
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Yang M, Wenner N, Dykes GF, Li Y, Zhu X, Sun Y, Huang F, Hinton JCD, Liu LN. Biogenesis of a bacterial metabolosome for propanediol utilization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2920. [PMID: 35614058 PMCID: PMC9132943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial metabolosomes are a family of protein organelles in bacteria. Elucidating how thousands of proteins self-assemble to form functional metabolosomes is essential for understanding their significance in cellular metabolism and pathogenesis. Here we investigate the de novo biogenesis of propanediol-utilization (Pdu) metabolosomes and characterize the roles of the key constituents in generation and intracellular positioning of functional metabolosomes. Our results demonstrate that the Pdu metabolosome undertakes both "Shell first" and "Cargo first" assembly pathways, unlike the β-carboxysome structural analog which only involves the "Cargo first" strategy. Shell and cargo assemblies occur independently at the cell poles. The internal cargo core is formed through the ordered assembly of multiple enzyme complexes, and exhibits liquid-like properties within the metabolosome architecture. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the molecular principles driving bacterial metabolosome assembly and expand our understanding of liquid-like organelle biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Yang
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Wenner
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory F Dykes
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Yaqi Sun
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Fang Huang
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Jay C D Hinton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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40
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Velle KB, Kennard AS, Trupinić M, Ivec A, Swafford AJM, Nolton E, Rice LM, Tolić IM, Fritz-Laylin LK, Wadsworth P. Naegleria’s mitotic spindles are built from unique tubulins and highlight core spindle features. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1247-1261.e6. [PMID: 35139359 PMCID: PMC9036621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Naegleria gruberi is a unicellular eukaryote whose evolutionary distance from animals and fungi has made it useful for developing hypotheses about the last common eukaryotic ancestor. Naegleria amoebae lack a cytoplasmic microtubule cytoskeleton and assemble microtubules only during mitosis and thus represent a unique system for studying the evolution and functional specificity of mitotic tubulins and the spindles they assemble. Previous studies show that Naegleria amoebae express a divergent α-tubulin during mitosis, and we now show that Naegleria amoebae express a second mitotic α- and two mitotic β-tubulins. The mitotic tubulins are evolutionarily divergent relative to typical α- and β-tubulins and contain residues that suggest distinct microtubule properties. These distinct residues are conserved in mitotic tubulin homologs of the “brain-eating amoeba” Naegleria fowleri, making them potential drug targets. Using quantitative light microscopy, we find that Naegleria’s mitotic spindle is a distinctive barrel-like structure built from a ring of microtubule bundles. Similar to those of other species, Naegleria’s spindle is twisted, and its length increases during mitosis, suggesting that these aspects of mitosis are ancestral features. Because bundle numbers change during metaphase, we hypothesize that the initial bundles represent kinetochore fibers and secondary bundles function as bridging fibers. Naegleria amoebae are profoundly different from other eukaryotes as they lack interphase microtubules. During cell division, Velle et al. show that Naegleria express α- and β-tubulins that are highly divergent at key structural positions. These tubulins form spindles with an unusual architecture: a ring of twisted microtubule bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina B Velle
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Andrew S Kennard
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Monika Trupinić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arian Ivec
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrew J M Swafford
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Emily Nolton
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Luke M Rice
- Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Iva M Tolić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lillian K Fritz-Laylin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Patricia Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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41
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Margreiter MA, Witzenberger M, Wasser Y, Davydova E, Janowski R, Metz J, Habib P, Sahnoun SEM, Sobisch C, Poma B, Palomino-Hernandez O, Wagner M, Carell T, Jon Shah N, Schulz JB, Niessing D, Voigt A, Rossetti G. Small-molecule modulators of TRMT2A decrease PolyQ aggregation and PolyQ-induced cell death. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:443-458. [PMID: 35070167 PMCID: PMC8759985 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are characterized by an expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats encoding for an uninterrupted prolonged polyQ tract. We previously identified TRMT2A as a strong modifier of polyQ-induced toxicity in an unbiased large-scale screen in Drosophila melanogaster. This work aimed at identifying and validating pharmacological TRMT2A inhibitors as treatment opportunities for polyQ diseases in humans. Computer-aided drug discovery was implemented to identify human TRMT2A inhibitors. Additionally, the crystal structure of one protein domain, the RNA recognition motif (RRM), was determined, and Biacore experiments with the RRM were performed. The identified molecules were validated for their potency to reduce polyQ aggregation and polyQ-induced cell death in human HEK293T cells and patient derived fibroblasts. Our work provides a first step towards pharmacological inhibition of this enzyme and indicates TRMT2A as a viable drug target for polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Margreiter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen, 52425 Aachen, Germany
| | - Monika Witzenberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Structural Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yasmine Wasser
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Davydova
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Structural Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Janowski
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Structural Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Metz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany
| | - Pardes Habib
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabri E M Sahnoun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Sobisch
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedetta Poma
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Oscar Palomino-Hernandez
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen, 52425 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirko Wagner
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-11), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-11), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany
| | - Dierk Niessing
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Structural Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Aaron Voigt
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Juelich Supercomputing Center (JSC), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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42
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Noddings CM, Wang RYR, Johnson JL, Agard DA. Structure of Hsp90-p23-GR reveals the Hsp90 client-remodelling mechanism. Nature 2022; 601:465-469. [PMID: 34937936 PMCID: PMC8994517 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a conserved and essential molecular chaperone responsible for the folding and activation of hundreds of 'client' proteins1-3. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a model client that constantly depends on Hsp90 for activity4-9. GR ligand binding was previously shown to nr inhibited by Hsp70 and restored by Hsp90, aided by the co-chaperone p2310. However, a molecular understanding of the chaperone-mediated remodelling that occurs between the inactive Hsp70-Hsp90 'client-loading complex' and an activated Hsp90-p23 'client-maturation complex' is lacking for any client, including GR. Here we present a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human GR-maturation complex (GR-Hsp90-p23), revealing that the GR ligand-binding domain is restored to a folded, ligand-bound conformation, while being simultaneously threaded through the Hsp90 lumen. In addition, p23 directly stabilizes native GR using a C-terminal helix, resulting in enhanced ligand binding. This structure of a client bound to Hsp90 in a native conformation contrasts sharply with the unfolded kinase-Hsp90 structure11. Thus, aided by direct co-chaperone-client interactions, Hsp90 can directly dictate client-specific folding outcomes. Together with the GR-loading complex structure12, we present the molecular mechanism of chaperone-mediated GR remodelling, establishing the first, to our knowledge, complete chaperone cycle for any Hsp90 client.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chari M. Noddings
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ray Yu-Ruei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jill L. Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - David A. Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Correspondence to David A. Agard ()
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43
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Abstract
DNA repair is an important component of genome integrity and organisms with reduced repair capabilities tend to accumulate mutations at elevated rates. Microsporidia are intracellular parasites exhibiting high levels of genetic divergence postulated to originate from the lack of several proteins, including the heterotrimeric Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 DNA repair clamp. Microsporidian species from the Encephalitozoonidae have undergone severe streamlining with small genomes coding for about 2,000 proteins. The highly divergent sequences found in Microsporidia render functional inferences difficult such that roughly half of these 2,000 proteins have no known function. Using a structural homology-based annotation approach combining protein structure prediction and tridimensional similarity searches, we found that the Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 DNA clamp is present in Microsporidia, together with many other components of the DNA repair machinery previously thought to be missing from these organisms. Altogether, our results indicate that the DNA repair machinery is present and likely functional in Microsporidia.
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44
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A Structural Perspective of Reps from CRESS-DNA Viruses and Their Bacterial Plasmid Homologues. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010037. [PMID: 35062241 PMCID: PMC8780604 DOI: 10.3390/v14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rolling circle replication (RCR) is ubiquitously used by cellular and viral systems for genome and plasmid replication. While the molecular mechanism of RCR has been described, the structural mechanism is desperately lacking. Circular-rep encoded single stranded DNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses employ a viral encoded replicase (Rep) to initiate RCR. The recently identified prokaryotic homologues of Reps may also be responsible for initiating RCR. Reps are composed of an endonuclease, oligomerization, and ATPase domain. Recent structural studies have provided structures for all these domains such that an overall mechanism of RCR initiation can begin to be synthesized. However, structures of Rep in complex with its various DNA substrates and/or ligands are lacking. Here we provide a 3D bioinformatic review of the current structural information available for Reps. We combine an excess of 1590 sequences with experimental and predicted structural data from 22 CRESS-DNA groups to identify similarities and differences between Reps that lead to potentially important functional sites. Experimental studies of these sites may shed light on how Reps execute their functions. Furthermore, we identify Rep-substrate or Rep-ligand structures that are urgently needed to better understand the structural mechanism of RCR.
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45
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Herbst DA, Esbin MN, Louder RK, Dugast-Darzacq C, Dailey GM, Fang Q, Darzacq X, Tjian R, Nogales E. Structure of the human SAGA coactivator complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:989-996. [PMID: 34811519 PMCID: PMC8660637 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The SAGA complex is a regulatory hub involved in gene regulation, chromatin modification, DNA damage repair and signaling. While structures of yeast SAGA (ySAGA) have been reported, there are noteworthy functional and compositional differences for this complex in metazoans. Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA) and show how the arrangement of distinct structural elements results in a globally divergent organization from that of yeast, with a different interface tethering the core module to the TRRAP subunit, resulting in a dramatically altered geometry of functional elements and with the integration of a metazoan-specific splicing module. Our hSAGA structure reveals the presence of an inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) binding site in TRRAP and an unusual property of its pseudo-(Ψ)PIKK. Finally, we map human disease mutations, thus providing the needed framework for structure-guided drug design of this important therapeutic target for human developmental diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A Herbst
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bio-Imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Meagan N Esbin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert K Louder
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Dugast-Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gina M Dailey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qianglin Fang
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bio-Imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Tjian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eva Nogales
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bio-Imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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46
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TwinCons: Conservation score for uncovering deep sequence similarity and divergence. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009541. [PMID: 34714829 PMCID: PMC8580257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed the program TwinCons, to detect noisy signals of deep ancestry of proteins or nucleic acids. As input, the program uses a composite alignment containing pre-defined groups, and mathematically determines a 'cost' of transforming one group to the other at each position of the alignment. The output distinguishes conserved, variable and signature positions. A signature is conserved within groups but differs between groups. The method automatically detects continuous characteristic stretches (segments) within alignments. TwinCons provides a convenient representation of conserved, variable and signature positions as a single score, enabling the structural mapping and visualization of these characteristics. Structure is more conserved than sequence. TwinCons highlights alternative sequences of conserved structures. Using TwinCons, we detected highly similar segments between proteins from the translation and transcription systems. TwinCons detects conserved residues within regions of high functional importance for the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and demonstrates that signatures are not confined to specific regions but are distributed across the rRNA structure. The ability to evaluate both nucleic acid and protein alignments allows TwinCons to be used in combined sequence and structural analysis of signatures and conservation in rRNA and in ribosomal proteins (rProteins). TwinCons detects a strong sequence conservation signal between bacterial and archaeal rProteins related by circular permutation. This conserved sequence is structurally colocalized with conserved rRNA, indicated by TwinCons scores of rRNA alignments of bacterial and archaeal groups. This combined analysis revealed deep co-evolution of rRNA and rProtein buried within the deepest branching points in the tree of life.
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47
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Lee B, Ikegame S, Carmichael J, Wells H, Furler R, Acklin J, Chiu HP, Oguntuyo K, Cox R, Patel A, Kowdle S, Stevens C, Eckley M, Zhan S, Lim J, Hashiguchi T, Durigon EL, Schountz T, Epstein J, Plemper R, Daszak P, Anthony S. Zoonotic potential of a novel bat morbillivirus. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021. [PMID: 34611656 PMCID: PMC8491849 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-926789/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bats are significant reservoir hosts for many viruses with zoonotic potential1. SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, and Nipah virus are examples of such viruses that have caused deadly epidemics and pandemics when spilled over from bats into human and animal populations2,3. Careful surveillance of viruses in bats is critical for identifying potential zoonotic pathogens. However, metagenomic surveys in bats often do not result in full-length viral sequences that can be used to regenerate such viruses for targeted characterization4. Here, we identify and characterize a novel morbillivirus from a vespertilionid bat species (Myotis riparius) in Brazil, which we term myotis bat morbillivirus (MBaMV). There are 7 species of morbilliviruses including measles virus (MeV), canine distemper virus (CDV) and rinderpest virus (RPV)5. All morbilliviruses cause severe disease in their natural hosts6–10, and pathogenicity is largely determined by species specific expression of canonical morbillivirus receptors, CD150/SLAMF111 and NECTIN412. MBaMV used Myotis spp CD150 much better than human and dog CD150 in fusion assays. We confirmed this using live MBaMV that was rescued by reverse genetics. Surprisingly, MBaMV replicated efficiently in primary human myeloid but not lymphoid cells. Furthermore, MBaMV replicated in human epithelial cells and used human NECTIN4 almost as well as MeV. Our results demonstrate the unusual ability of MBaMV to infect and replicate in some human cells that are critical for MeV pathogenesis and transmission. This raises the specter of zoonotic transmission of a bat morbillivirus.
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48
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Wälchli M, Berneiser K, Mangia F, Imseng S, Craigie LM, Stuttfeld E, Hall MN, Maier T. Regulation of human mTOR complexes by DEPTOR. eLife 2021; 10:e70871. [PMID: 34519268 PMCID: PMC8439649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate-specific DEP domain-containing mTOR interacting protein (DEPTOR), an oncoprotein or tumor suppressor, has important roles in metabolism, immunity, and cancer. It is the only protein that binds and regulates both complexes of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a central regulator of cell growth. Biochemical analysis and cryo-EM reconstructions of DEPTOR bound to human mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 reveal that both structured regions of DEPTOR, the PDZ domain and the DEP domain tandem (DEPt), are involved in mTOR interaction. The PDZ domain binds tightly with mildly activating effect, but then acts as an anchor for DEPt association that allosterically suppresses mTOR activation. The binding interfaces of the PDZ domain and DEPt also support further regulation by other signaling pathways. A separate, substrate-like mode of interaction for DEPTOR phosphorylation by mTOR complexes rationalizes inhibition of non-stimulated mTOR activity at higher DEPTOR concentrations. The multifaceted interplay between DEPTOR and mTOR provides a basis for understanding the divergent roles of DEPTOR in physiology and opens new routes for targeting the mTOR-DEPTOR interaction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Timm Maier
- Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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Baek M, DiMaio F, Anishchenko I, Dauparas J, Ovchinnikov S, Lee GR, Wang J, Cong Q, Kinch LN, Schaeffer RD, Millán C, Park H, Adams C, Glassman CR, DeGiovanni A, Pereira JH, Rodrigues AV, van Dijk AA, Ebrecht AC, Opperman DJ, Sagmeister T, Buhlheller C, Pavkov-Keller T, Rathinaswamy MK, Dalwadi U, Yip CK, Burke JE, Garcia KC, Grishin NV, Adams PD, Read RJ, Baker D. Accurate prediction of protein structures and interactions using a three-track neural network. Science 2021; 373:871-876. [PMID: 34282049 PMCID: PMC7612213 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj8754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2106] [Impact Index Per Article: 702.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
DeepMind presented notably accurate predictions at the recent 14th Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP14) conference. We explored network architectures that incorporate related ideas and obtained the best performance with a three-track network in which information at the one-dimensional (1D) sequence level, the 2D distance map level, and the 3D coordinate level is successively transformed and integrated. The three-track network produces structure predictions with accuracies approaching those of DeepMind in CASP14, enables the rapid solution of challenging x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy structure modeling problems, and provides insights into the functions of proteins of currently unknown structure. The network also enables rapid generation of accurate protein-protein complex models from sequence information alone, short-circuiting traditional approaches that require modeling of individual subunits followed by docking. We make the method available to the scientific community to speed biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ivan Anishchenko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Justas Dauparas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sergey Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Division of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- John Harvard Distinguished Science Fellowship Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Gyu Rie Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qian Cong
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lisa N Kinch
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R Dustin Schaeffer
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Millán
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hahnbeom Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Carson Adams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Caleb R Glassman
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andy DeGiovanni
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jose H Pereira
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andria V Rodrigues
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alberdina A van Dijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Focus Area Human Metabolomics, North-West University, 2531 Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ana C Ebrecht
- Department of Biochemistry, Focus Area Human Metabolomics, North-West University, 2531 Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Diederik J Opperman
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Theo Sagmeister
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Buhlheller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Manoj K Rathinaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Udit Dalwadi
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calvin K Yip
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Paul D Adams
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Randy J Read
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Tjhin ET, Howieson VM, Spry C, van Dooren GG, Saliba KJ. A novel heteromeric pantothenate kinase complex in apicomplexan parasites. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009797. [PMID: 34324601 PMCID: PMC8366970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A is synthesised from pantothenate via five enzyme-mediated steps. The first step is catalysed by pantothenate kinase (PanK). All PanKs characterised to date form homodimers. Many organisms express multiple PanKs. In some cases, these PanKs are not functionally redundant, and some appear to be non-functional. Here, we investigate the PanKs in two pathogenic apicomplexan parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. Each of these organisms express two PanK homologues (PanK1 and PanK2). We demonstrate that PfPanK1 and PfPanK2 associate, forming a single, functional PanK complex that includes the multi-functional protein, Pf14-3-3I. Similarly, we demonstrate that TgPanK1 and TgPanK2 form a single complex that possesses PanK activity. Both TgPanK1 and TgPanK2 are essential for T. gondii proliferation, specifically due to their PanK activity. Our study constitutes the first examples of heteromeric PanK complexes in nature and provides an explanation for the presence of multiple PanKs within certain organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick T. Tjhin
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Vanessa M. Howieson
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Christina Spry
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Giel G. van Dooren
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Saliba
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- * E-mail:
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