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De Mattei F, Ferrandes F, Gallone S, Canosa A, Calvo A, Chiò A, Vasta R. Epidemiology of Spinocerebellar Ataxias in Europe. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1176-1183. [PMID: 37698771 PMCID: PMC11102384 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogenous group of rare neurodegenerative conditions sharing an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. More than 40 SCAs have been genetically determined. However, a systematic review of SCA epidemiology in Europe is still missing. Here we performed a narrative review of the literature on the epidemiology of the most common SCAs in Europe. PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE were searched from inception until 1 April 2023. All English peer-reviewed articles published were considered and then filtered by abstract examination and subsequently by full text reading. A total of 917 original articles were retrieved. According to the inclusion criteria and after reviewing references for useful papers, a total of 35 articles were included in the review. Overall, SCA3 is the most frequent spinocerebellar ataxia in Europe. Its frequency is strikingly higher in Portugal, followed by Germany, France, and Netherlands. None or few cases were described in Italy, Russia, Poland, Serbia, Finland, and Norway. SCA1 and SCA2 globally displayed similar frequencies, and are more prevalent in Italy, United Kingdom, Poland, Serbia, and France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo De Mattei
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrandes
- Aging Brain and Memory Clinic, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Gallone
- Neurology 1, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Canosa
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Vasta
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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2
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Petit E, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Coarelli G, Jacobi H, Heinzmann A, Figueroa KP, Perlman SL, Gomez CM, Wilmot GR, Schmahmann JD, Ying SH, Zesiewicz TA, Paulson HL, Shakkottai VG, Bushara KO, Kuo SH, Geschwind MD, Xia G, Pulst SM, Subramony SH, Ewenczyk C, Brice A, Durr A, Klockgether T, Ashizawa T, Tezenas du Montcel S. SARA captures disparate progression and responsiveness in spinocerebellar ataxias. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12475-1. [PMID: 38822840 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is a widely used clinical scale to assess cerebellar ataxia but faces some criticisms about the relevancy of all its items. OBJECTIVES To prepare for future clinical trials, we analyzed the progression of SARA and its items in several polyQ spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) from various cohorts. METHODS We included data from patients with SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6 from four cohorts (EUROSCA, RISCA, CRC-SCA, and SPATAX) for a total of 850 carriers and 3431 observations. Longitudinal progression of the SARA and its items was measured. Cohort, stage and genetic effects were tested. We looked at the respective contribution of each item to the total scale. Sensitivity to change of the scale and the impact of item removal was evaluated by calculating sample sizes needed in various scenarios. RESULTS Longitudinal progression was significantly different between cohorts in SCA1, SCA2 and SCA3, the EUROSCA cohort having the fastest progression. Advanced-stage patients were progressing slower in SCA2 and SCA6. Items were not contributing equally to the full scale through ataxia severity: gait, stance, hand movement, and heel-shin contributed the most in the early stage, and finger-chase, nose-finger, and sitting in later stages. Few items drove the sensitivity to the change of SARA, but changes in the scale structure could not improve its sensitivity in all populations. CONCLUSION SARA and its item's progression pace showed high heterogeneity across cohorts and SCAs. However, no combinations of items improved the responsiveness in all SCAs or populations taken separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Petit
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Inria, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Max-Delbrueck Center of Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Inria, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Heinzmann
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Inria, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Susan L Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - George R Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Khalaf O Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Inria, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Inria, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Inria, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Weill Cornell Medicine at Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Shao YR, Yu JY, Ma Y, Dong Y, Wu ZY. CAT Interruption as a Protective Factor in Chinese Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1211-1214. [PMID: 37491649 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is the third most common type of spinocerebellar ataxias in China. CAT interruptions in the pathogenic alleles of SCA1 patients had only been reported by limited documents and there was a lack of data based on the Chinese population. In this study, we detected CAT interrupted pathogenic alleles in SCA1 patients from 4 out of 79 (5.1%) Chinese families. Their total CAG repeats were larger (median 58 vs. 47, p < 0.001) but ages at onset were later (median 46 vs. 38, p = 0.020). The longest uninterrupted CAG repeats could explain 65.4% of the AAO variance, making an increase of 28.0% compared to the total CAG repeats. The interruption pattern was greatly different between Chinese cohort and Caucasian cohort, indicating the effect of race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Shao
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jin-Yang Yu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yin Ma
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Perlman SL. CRPD frontiers in movement disorders Therapeutics: From evidence to treatment and applications: Addressing Patients' Needs in the Management of the Ataxias. Clin Park Relat Disord 2024; 10:100255. [PMID: 38798918 PMCID: PMC11126860 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2024.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic ataxias have no cures and no proven ways to delay progression (no disease-modifying therapies). The acquired ataxias may have treatments that address the underlying cause and may slow or stop progression, but will not reverse damage already sustained. The idiopathic ataxias (of unknown genetic or acquired cause) also have no proven disease-modifying therapies. However, for all patients with ataxia of any cause, there is always something that can be done to improve quality of life-treat associated symptoms, provide information and resources, counsel patient and family, help with insurance and disability concerns, be available to listen and answer the many questions they will have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Perlman
- Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Health Sciences 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite B200 Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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5
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Weber N, Buchholz M, Rädke A, Faber J, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Jacobi H, Klockgether T, Hoffmann W, Michalowsky B. Factors Influencing Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01657-2. [PMID: 38279001 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the progression of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and predicting factors in spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). Such knowledge is crucial to identify modifiable factors promoting everyday life with SCA and attenuating HRQoL decline. OBJECTIVES This study is to assess HRQoL progression and identify factors affecting SCA patients' HRQoL. METHODS Longitudinal data (three-year follow-up) of 310 SCA patients of the European SCA3/Machado-Joseph-Disease Initiative (ESMI) (2016-2022) and 525 SCA patients (SCA1, SCA2, SCA3 or SCA6) of the EUROSCA natural history study cohort (2006-2015) were assessed. Both large cohort studies share standardized assessments of clinical measures, SARA, INAS, PHQ-9, and HRQoL (EQ-5D-3L). The association between HRQoL and clinical measures was assessed by Spearman Correlation (rs). Multivariable panel regression models were performed to evaluate the impact of patients' socio-demographics, age of onset, SCA type and body mass index (BMI), and clinical measures on HRQoL progression. RESULTS HRQoL significantly decreased over one (- 0.014, p = 0.095), two (- 0.028, p = 0.003), and three years (- 0.032, p = 0.002). Ataxia severity and mental health strongly correlated with HRQoL (rsSARA = - 0.589; rsPHQ-9 = - 0.507). HRQoL more intensively declined in male (ß = - 0.024, p = 0.038) patients with an earlier age of onset (ß = 0.002, p = 0.058). Higher progression of ataxia severity (ß = - 0.010, p ≤ 0.001), mental health problems (ß = - 0.012, p < 0.001), and higher BMI (ß = - 0.003, p = 0.029) caused more severe decline of patients' HRQoL over time. DISCUSSION In absence of curative treatments, stronger focus on mental health and weight influence could help clinical evaluation and accompany treatment improving SCA patients' HRQoL, especially in male patients with early disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Weber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Patient-Reported Outcomes and Health Economics Research, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Maresa Buchholz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Patient-Reported Outcomes and Health Economics Research, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Rädke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Patient-Reported Outcomes and Health Economics Research, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jennifer Faber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (NCRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Patient-Reported Outcomes and Health Economics Research, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalowsky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Patient-Reported Outcomes and Health Economics Research, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
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6
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Hong EP, Ramos EM, Aziz NA, Massey TH, McAllister B, Lobanov S, Jones L, Holmans P, Kwak S, Orth M, Ciosi M, Lomeikaite V, Monckton DG, Long JD, Lucente D, Wheeler VC, Gillis T, MacDonald ME, Sequeiros J, Gusella JF, Lee JM. Modification of Huntington's disease by short tandem repeats. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae016. [PMID: 38449714 PMCID: PMC10917446 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Expansions of glutamine-coding CAG trinucleotide repeats cause a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease and several of spinocerebellar ataxias. In general, age-at-onset of the polyglutamine diseases is inversely correlated with the size of the respective inherited expanded CAG repeat. Expanded CAG repeats are also somatically unstable in certain tissues, and age-at-onset of Huntington's disease corrected for individual HTT CAG repeat length (i.e. residual age-at-onset), is modified by repeat instability-related DNA maintenance/repair genes as demonstrated by recent genome-wide association studies. Modification of one polyglutamine disease (e.g. Huntington's disease) by the repeat length of another (e.g. ATXN3, CAG expansions in which cause spinocerebellar ataxia 3) has also been hypothesized. Consequently, we determined whether age-at-onset in Huntington's disease is modified by the CAG repeats of other polyglutamine disease genes. We found that the CAG measured repeat sizes of other polyglutamine disease genes that were polymorphic in Huntington's disease participants but did not influence Huntington's disease age-at-onset. Additional analysis focusing specifically on ATXN3 in a larger sample set (n = 1388) confirmed the lack of association between Huntington's disease residual age-at-onset and ATXN3 CAG repeat length. Additionally, neither our Huntington's disease onset modifier genome-wide association studies single nucleotide polymorphism data nor imputed short tandem repeat data supported the involvement of other polyglutamine disease genes in modifying Huntington's disease. By contrast, our genome-wide association studies based on imputed short tandem repeats revealed significant modification signals for other genomic regions. Together, our short tandem repeat genome-wide association studies show that modification of Huntington's disease is associated with short tandem repeats that do not involve other polyglutamine disease-causing genes, refining the landscape of Huntington's disease modification and highlighting the importance of rigorous data analysis, especially in genetic studies testing candidate modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Pyo Hong
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - N Ahmad Aziz
- Population & Clinical Neuroepidemiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53113, Germany
| | - Thomas H Massey
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Branduff McAllister
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sergey Lobanov
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Lesley Jones
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Peter Holmans
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Seung Kwak
- Molecular System Biology, CHDI Foundation, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Michael Orth
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bern University, CH-3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Marc Ciosi
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Vilija Lomeikaite
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Darren G Monckton
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Diane Lucente
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vanessa C Wheeler
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tammy Gillis
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marcy E MacDonald
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- UnIGENe, IBMC—Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 420-135, Portugal
- ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 420-135, Portugal
| | - James F Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Chen TX, Casey HL, Lin CYR, Boyle TA, Schmahmann JD, L'Italien GJ, Kuo SH, Gomez CM. Early-Life Social Determinants of SCA6 Age at Onset, Severity, and Progression. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-023-01655-w. [PMID: 38217689 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
SCA6 patients with the same size CAG repeat allele can vary significantly in age at onset (AAO) and clinical progression. The specific external factors affecting SCA6 have yet to be investigated. We assessed the effect of early life events on AAO, severity, and progression in SCA6 patients using a social determinant of health approach. We performed a survey of biological and social factors in SCA6 patients enrolled in the SCA6 Network at the University of Chicago. AAO of ataxia symptoms and patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) of ataxia were used as primary outcome measures. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) regressions were used to identify which early life factors are predictive of SCA6 AAO, severity, and progression. Multiple linear regression models were then used to assess the degree to which these determinants influence SCA6 health outcomes. A total of 105 participants with genetically confirmed SCA6 completed the assessments. SCA6 participants with maternal difficulty during pregnancy, active participation in school sports, and/or longer CAG repeats were determined to have earlier AAO. We found a 13.44-year earlier AAO for those with maternal difficulty in pregnancy than those without (p = 0.008) and a 12.31-year earlier AAO for those active in school sports than those who were not (p < 0.001). Higher education attainment was associated with decreased SCA6 severity and slower progression. Early life biological and social factors can have a strong influence on the SCA6 disease course, indicating that non-genetic factors can contribute significantly to SCA6 health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany X Chen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah L Casey
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chi-Ying R Lin
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Theresa A Boyle
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Ataxia Unit, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gilbert J L'Italien
- Global Health Outcomes and Epidemiology, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Na D, Lim DH, Hong JS, Lee HM, Cho D, Yu MS, Shaker B, Ren J, Lee B, Song JG, Oh Y, Lee K, Oh KS, Lee MY, Choi MS, Choi HS, Kim YH, Bui JM, Lee K, Kim HW, Lee YS, Gsponer J. A multi-layered network model identifies Akt1 as a common modulator of neurodegeneration. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e11801. [PMID: 37984409 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202311801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins is a hallmark of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Although multiple genetic loci have been associated with specific neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), molecular mechanisms that may have a broader relevance for most or all proteinopathies remain poorly resolved. In this study, we developed a multi-layered network expansion (MLnet) model to predict protein modifiers that are common to a group of diseases and, therefore, may have broader pathophysiological relevance for that group. When applied to the four NDs Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease, and spinocerebellar ataxia types 1 and 3, we predicted multiple members of the insulin pathway, including PDK1, Akt1, InR, and sgg (GSK-3β), as common modifiers. We validated these modifiers with the help of four Drosophila ND models. Further evaluation of Akt1 in human cell-based ND models revealed that activation of Akt1 signaling by the small molecule SC79 increased cell viability in all models. Moreover, treatment of AD model mice with SC79 enhanced their long-term memory and ameliorated dysregulated anxiety levels, which are commonly affected in AD patients. These findings validate MLnet as a valuable tool to uncover molecular pathways and proteins involved in the pathophysiology of entire disease groups and identify potential therapeutic targets that have relevance across disease boundaries. MLnet can be used for any group of diseases and is available as a web tool at http://ssbio.cau.ac.kr/software/mlnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyun Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hwan Lim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Hong
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyang-Mi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeahn Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Sang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bilal Shaker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Lee
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Oh
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungeun Lee
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seok Oh
- Information-based Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Information-based Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Choi
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Saem Choi
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Hee Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer M Bui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kangseok Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jörg Gsponer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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9
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Raposo M, Hübener-Schmid J, Ferreira AF, Vieira Melo AR, Vasconcelos J, Pires P, Kay T, Garcia-Moreno H, Giunti P, Santana MM, Pereira de Almeida L, Infante J, van de Warrenburg BP, de Vries JJ, Faber J, Klockgether T, Casadei N, Admard J, Schöls L, Riess O, Lima M. Blood transcriptome sequencing identifies biomarkers able to track disease stages in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Brain 2023; 146:4132-4143. [PMID: 37071051 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation has been described in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), an autosomal dominant ataxia caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ataxin-3 protein. As ataxin-3 is ubiquitously expressed, transcriptional alterations in blood may reflect early changes that start before clinical onset and might serve as peripheral biomarkers in clinical and research settings. Our goal was to describe enriched pathways and report dysregulated genes, which can track disease onset, severity or progression in carriers of the ATXN3 mutation (pre-ataxic subjects and patients). Global dysregulation patterns were identified by RNA sequencing of blood samples from 40 carriers of ATXN3 mutation and 20 controls and further compared with transcriptomic data from post-mortem cerebellum samples of MJD patients and controls. Ten genes-ABCA1, CEP72, PTGDS, SAFB2, SFSWAP, CCDC88C, SH2B1, LTBP4, MEG3 and TSPOAP1-whose expression in blood was altered in the pre-ataxic stage and simultaneously, correlated with ataxia severity in the overt disease stage, were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR in blood samples from an independent set of 170 SCA3/MJD subjects and 57 controls. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated the Gαi signalling and the oestrogen receptor signalling to be similarly affected in blood and cerebellum. SAFB2, SFSWAP and LTBP4 were consistently dysregulated in pre-ataxic subjects compared to controls, displaying a combined discriminatory ability of 79%. In patients, ataxia severity was associated with higher levels of MEG3 and TSPOAP1. We propose expression levels of SAFB2, SFSWAP and LTBP4 as well as MEG3 and TSPOAP1 as stratification markers of SCA3/MJD progression, deserving further validation in longitudinal studies and in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Jeannette Hübener-Schmid
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana F Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa Vieira Melo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Paula Pires
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, 9700-049 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Teresa Kay
- Serviço de Genética Clínica, Hospital D. Estefânia, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hector Garcia-Moreno
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Magda M Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-075, Portugal
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-075, Portugal
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J de Vries
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Faber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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10
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Selvadurai LP, Perlman SL, Wilmot GR, Subramony SH, Gomez CM, Ashizawa T, Paulson HL, Onyike CU, Rosenthal LS, Sair HI, Kuo SH, Ratai EM, Zesiewicz TA, Bushara KO, Öz G, Dietiker C, Geschwind MD, Nelson AB, Opal P, Yacoubian TA, Nopoulos PC, Shakkottai VG, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Morrison PE, Schmahmann JD. The S-Factor, a New Measure of Disease Severity in Spinocerebellar Ataxia: Findings and Implications. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:790-809. [PMID: 35962273 PMCID: PMC10363993 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders, but there is no metric that predicts disease severity over time. We hypothesized that by developing a new metric, the Severity Factor (S-Factor) using immutable disease parameters, it would be possible to capture disease severity independent of clinical rating scales. Extracting data from the CRC-SCA and READISCA natural history studies, we calculated the S-Factor for 438 participants with symptomatic SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or SCA6, as follows: ((length of CAG repeat expansion - maximum normal repeat length) /maximum normal repeat length) × (current age - age at disease onset) × 10). Within each SCA type, the S-Factor at the first Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) visit (baseline) was correlated against scores on SARA and other motor and cognitive assessments. In 281 participants with longitudinal data, the slope of the S-Factor over time was correlated against slopes of scores on SARA and other motor rating scales. At baseline, the S-Factor showed moderate-to-strong correlations with SARA and other motor rating scales at the group level, but not with cognitive performance. Longitudinally the S-Factor slope showed no consistent association with the slope of performance on motor scales. Approximately 30% of SARA slopes reflected a trend of non-progression in motor symptoms. The S-Factor is an observer-independent metric of disease burden in SCAs. It may be useful at the group level to compare cohorts at baseline in clinical studies. Derivation and examination of the S-factor highlighted challenges in the use of clinical rating scales in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa P Selvadurai
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan L Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George R Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sub H Subramony
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haris I Sair
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Ratai
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theresa A Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, Ataxia Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf O Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cameron Dietiker
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Talene A Yacoubian
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peggy C Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peter E Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Coarelli G, Coutelier M, Durr A. Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias: new genes and progress towards treatments. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:735-749. [PMID: 37479376 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are associated with phenotypes that range from pure cerebellar to multisystemic. The list of implicated genes has lengthened in the past 5 years with the inclusion of SCA37/DAB1, SCA45/FAT2, SCA46/PLD3, SCA47/PUM1, SCA48/STUB1, SCA50/NPTX1, SCA25/PNPT1, SCA49/SAM9DL, and SCA27B/FGF14. In some patients, co-occurrence of multiple potentially pathogenic variants can explain variable penetrance or more severe phenotypes. Given this extreme clinical and genetic heterogeneity, genome sequencing should become the diagnostic tool of choice but is still not available in many clinical settings. Treatments tested in phase 2 and phase 3 studies, such as riluzole and transcranial direct current stimulation of the cerebellum and spinal cord, have given conflicting results. To enable early intervention, preataxic carriers of pathogenic variants should be assessed with biomarkers, such as neurofilament light chain and brain MRI; these biomarkers could also be used as outcome measures, given that clinical outcomes are not useful in the preataxic phase. The development of bioassays measuring the concentration of the mutant protein (eg, ataxin-3) might facilitate monitoring of target engagement by gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau, Pitié-Salpeêtrieère University Hospital, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie Coutelier
- Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau, Pitié-Salpeêtrieère University Hospital, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau, Pitié-Salpeêtrieère University Hospital, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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12
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Burgunder JM. Mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation in neurogenetic disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2023:10.1038/s41582-023-00811-4. [PMID: 37202496 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases associated with pathogenic variants in a specific gene, or even with a specific pathogenic variant, can show profound phenotypic variation with regard to symptom presentation, age at onset and disease course. Highlighting examples from a range of neurogenetic disorders, this Review explores emerging mechanisms that are involved in this variability, including environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors that influence the expressivity and penetrance of pathogenic variants. Environmental factors, some of which can potentially be modified to prevent disease, include trauma, stress and metabolic changes. Dynamic patterns of pathogenic variants might explain some of the phenotypic variations, for example, in the case of disorders caused by DNA repeat expansions such as Huntington disease (HD). An important role for modifier genes has also been identified in some neurogenetic disorders, including HD, spinocerebellar ataxia and X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. In other disorders, such as spastic paraplegia, the basis for most of the phenotypic variability remains unclear. Epigenetic factors have been implicated in disorders such as SGCE-related myoclonus-dystonia and HD. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation is already starting to influence management strategies and clinical trials for neurogenetic disorders.
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13
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Santana MM, Gaspar LS, Pinto MM, Silva P, Adão D, Pereira D, Ribeiro JA, Cunha I, Huebener‐Schmid J, Raposo M, Ferreira AF, Faber J, Kuhs S, Garcia‐Moreno H, Reetz K, Thieme A, Infante J, van de Warrenburg BPC, Giunti P, Riess O, Schöls L, Lima M, Klockgether T, Januário C, de Almeida LP. A standardised protocol for blood and cerebrospinal fluid collection and processing for biomarker research in ataxia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12892. [PMID: 36798010 PMCID: PMC10947376 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The European Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado-Joseph Disease Initiative (ESMI) is a consortium established with the ambition to set up the largest European longitudinal trial-ready cohort of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado-Joseph Disease (SCA3/MJD), the most common autosomal dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide. A major focus of ESMI has been the identification of SCA3/MJD biomarkers to enable future interventional studies. As biosample collection and processing variables significantly impact the outcomes of biomarkers studies, biosampling procedures standardisation was done previously to study visit initiation. Here, we describe the ESMI consensus biosampling protocol, developed within the scope of ESMI, that ultimately might be translated to other neurodegenerative disorders, particularly ataxias, being the first step to protocol harmonisation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda M. Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of Coimbra (IIIUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Laetitia S. Gaspar
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of Coimbra (IIIUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Maria M. Pinto
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Coimbra (FFUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Patrick Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of Coimbra (IIIUC)CoimbraPortugal
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Coimbra (FFUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Diana Adão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Dina Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of Coimbra (IIIUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Joana Afonso Ribeiro
- Neurology Department, Child Development CentreCoimbra's Hospital and University Centre (CHUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Inês Cunha
- Department of NeurologyCoimbra University Hospital Center (CHUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Jeannette Huebener‐Schmid
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre for Rare DiseasesUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S)Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)Universidade dos Açores (UAc)Ponta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Ana F. Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)Universidade dos Açores (UAc)Ponta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Jennifer Faber
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Sandra Kuhs
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Hector Garcia‐Moreno
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of NeurologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- JARA‐BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and NeuroimagingForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Andreas Thieme
- Department of NeurologyEssen University HospitalEssenGermany
- Center for Translational Neuro‐ and Behavioral Sciences (C‐TNBS), Essen University HospitalUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Jon Infante
- Service of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)SantanderSpain
| | - Bart P. C. van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre for Rare DiseasesUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie‐Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)Universidade dos Açores (UAc)Ponta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Cristina Januário
- Department of NeurologyCoimbra University Hospital Center (CHUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Coimbra (FFUC)CoimbraPortugal
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14
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Rossi M, Hamed M, Rodríguez-Antigüedad J, Cornejo-Olivas M, Breza M, Lohmann K, Klein C, Rajalingam R, Marras C, van de Warrenburg BP. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations for ATX-TBP (SCA17): MDSGene Systematic Review. Mov Disord 2023; 38:368-377. [PMID: 36374860 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 or ATX-TBP is a CAG/CAA repeat expansion disorder characterized by marked clinical heterogeneity. Reports of affected carriers with subthreshold repeat expansions and of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with expanded repeats have cast doubt on the established cutoff values of the expansions and the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder. The objective of this systematic review was to explore the genotype-phenotype relationships for repeat expansions in TBP to delineate the ATX-TBP phenotype and reevaluate the pathological range of repeat expansions. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Genetic Mutation Database (MDSGene) standardized data extraction protocol was followed. Clinically affected carriers of reported ATX-TBP expansions were included. Publications that contained repeat sizes in screened cohorts of patients with PD and/or healthy individuals were included for a separate evaluation of cutoff values. Phenotypic and genotypic data for 346 ATX-TBP patients were curated. Overall, 97.7% of the patients had ≥41 repeats, while 99.6% of patients with PD and 99.9% of healthy individuals had ≤42 repeats, with a gray zone of reduced penetrance between 41 and 45 repeats. Pure parkinsonism was more common in ATX-TBP patients with 41 to 45 repeats than in the group with ≥46 repeats, which conversely more often presented with a complex phenotype with mixed movement disorders. An updated genotype-phenotype assessment for ATX-TBP is provided, and new repeat expansion cutoff values of reduced penetrance (41-45 expanded repeats) and full penetrance (46-66 expanded repeats) are proposed. These adjusted cutoff values will have diagnostic and counseling implications and may guide future clinical trial protocol. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malco Rossi
- Sección de Movimientos Anormales, Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Moath Hamed
- New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jon Rodríguez-Antigüedad
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Cornejo-Olivas
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
- Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Marianthi Breza
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rajasumi Rajalingam
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Connie Marras
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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15
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Wu YL, Chen SC, Chang JC, Lin WY, Chen CC, Li CC, Hsieh M, Chen HW, Chang TY, Liu CS, Liu KL. The protective effect of erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium ethanol extract on oxidative Stress-Induced neurotoxicity in cell and Drosophila models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:1-12. [PMID: 36549427 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Wu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Chih Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chih Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50091, Taiwan; General Research Laboratory of Research Department, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Grape King Bio Ltd, Zhong-Li Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung, 40203, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40203, Taiwan
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chang
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Vascular and Genomic Center, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung, 40203, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40203, Taiwan.
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16
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Lima M, Raposo M, Ferreira A, Melo ARV, Pavão S, Medeiros F, Teves L, Gonzalez C, Lemos J, Pires P, Lopes P, Valverde D, Gonzalez J, Kay T, Vasconcelos J. The Homogeneous Azorean Machado-Joseph Disease Cohort: Characterization and Contributions to Advances in Research. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020247. [PMID: 36830784 PMCID: PMC9953730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common autosomal dominant ataxia worldwide. MJD is characterized by late-onset progressive cerebellar ataxia associated with variable clinical findings, including pyramidal signs and a dystonic-rigid extrapyramidal syndrome. In the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, the worldwide population cluster for this disorder (prevalence of 39 in 100,000 inhabitants), a cohort of MJD mutation carriers belonging to extensively studied pedigrees has been followed since the late 1990s. Studies of the homogeneous Azorean MJD cohort have been contributing crucial information to the natural history of this disease as well as allowing the identification of novel molecular biomarkers. Moreover, as interventional studies for this globally rare and yet untreatable disease are emerging, this cohort should be even more important for the recruitment of trial participants. In this paper, we profile the Azorean cohort of MJD carriers, constituted at baseline by 20 pre-ataxic carriers and 52 patients, which currently integrates the European spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease Initiative (ESMI), a large European longitudinal MJD cohort. Moreover, we summarize the main studies based on this cohort and highlight the contributions made to advances in MJD research. Knowledge of the profile of the Azorean MJD cohort is not only important in the context of emergent interventional trials but is also pertinent for the implementation of adequate interventional measures, constituting relevant information for Lay Associations and providing data to guide healthcare decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa Vieira Melo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pavão
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Filipa Medeiros
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Luís Teves
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Serviço de Psicologia Clínica, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - João Lemos
- Unidade de Psicologia Clínica, Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, 9700-049 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Paula Pires
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, 9700-049 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - David Valverde
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Unidade de Saúde da Ilha das Flores, 9500-370 Santa Cruz das Flores, Portugal
| | - José Gonzalez
- Augenarztpraxis Petrescu Wuppertal, Department of Ophthalmology, 42389 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Teresa Kay
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital D. Estefânia, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Hospital Internacional dos Açores (HIA), 9560-421 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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17
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Rafehi H, Read J, Szmulewicz DJ, Davies KC, Snell P, Fearnley LG, Scott L, Thomsen M, Gillies G, Pope K, Bennett MF, Munro JE, Ngo KJ, Chen L, Wallis MJ, Butler EG, Kumar KR, Wu KHC, Tomlinson SE, Tisch S, Malhotra A, Lee-Archer M, Dolzhenko E, Eberle MA, Roberts LJ, Fogel BL, Brüggemann N, Lohmann K, Delatycki MB, Bahlo M, Lockhart PJ. An intronic GAA repeat expansion in FGF14 causes the autosomal-dominant adult-onset ataxia SCA50/ATX-FGF14. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:105-119. [PMID: 36493768 PMCID: PMC9892775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset cerebellar ataxias are a group of neurodegenerative conditions that challenge both genetic discovery and molecular diagnosis. In this study, we identified an intronic (GAA) repeat expansion in fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Genetic analysis of 95 Australian individuals with adult-onset ataxia identified four (4.2%) with (GAA)>300 and a further nine individuals with (GAA)>250. PCR and long-read sequence analysis revealed these were pure (GAA) repeats. In comparison, no control subjects had (GAA)>300 and only 2/311 control individuals (0.6%) had a pure (GAA)>250. In a German validation cohort, 9/104 (8.7%) of affected individuals had (GAA)>335 and a further six had (GAA)>250, whereas 10/190 (5.3%) control subjects had (GAA)>250 but none were (GAA)>335. The combined data suggest (GAA)>335 are disease causing and fully penetrant (p = 6.0 × 10-8, OR = 72 [95% CI = 4.3-1,227]), while (GAA)>250 is likely pathogenic with reduced penetrance. Affected individuals had an adult-onset, slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia with variable features including vestibular impairment, hyper-reflexia, and autonomic dysfunction. A negative correlation between age at onset and repeat length was observed (R2 = 0.44, p = 0.00045, slope = -0.12) and identification of a shared haplotype in a minority of individuals suggests that the expansion can be inherited or generated de novo during meiotic division. This study demonstrates the power of genome sequencing and advanced bioinformatic tools to identify novel repeat expansions via model-free, genome-wide analysis and identifies SCA50/ATX-FGF14 as a frequent cause of adult-onset ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haloom Rafehi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin Read
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David J. Szmulewicz
- Cerebellar Ataxia Clinic, Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kayli C. Davies
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Penny Snell
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Liam G. Fearnley
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Liam Scott
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mirja Thomsen
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Greta Gillies
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kate Pope
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark F. Bennett
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacob E. Munro
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathie J. Ngo
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luke Chen
- Alfred Hospital, Department of Neurology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mathew J. Wallis
- Clinical Genetics Service, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,School of Medicine and Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Kishore R. Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathy HC. Wu
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Clinical Genomics, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,Discipline of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan E. Tomlinson
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Tisch
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Abhishek Malhotra
- Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Lee-Archer
- Launceston General Hospital, Tasmanian Health Service, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | | | | | - Leslie J. Roberts
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brent L. Fogel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA,Departments of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martin B. Delatycki
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Paul J. Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Corresponding author
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18
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Rapid and comprehensive diagnostic method for repeat expansion diseases using nanopore sequencing. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:62. [PMID: 36289212 PMCID: PMC9606279 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a diagnostic method for repeat expansion diseases using a long-read sequencer to improve currently available, low throughput diagnostic methods. We employed the real-time target enrichment system of the nanopore GridION sequencer using the adaptive sampling option, in which software-based target assignment is available without prior sample enrichment, and built an analysis pipeline that prioritized the disease-causing loci. Twenty-two patients with various neurological and neuromuscular diseases, including 12 with genetically diagnosed repeat expansion diseases and 10 manifesting cerebellar ataxia, but without genetic diagnosis, were analyzed. We first sequenced the 12 molecularly diagnosed patients and accurately confirmed expanded repeats in all with uniform depth of coverage across the loci. Next, we applied our method and a conventional method to 10 molecularly undiagnosed patients. Our method corrected inaccurate diagnoses of two patients by the conventional method. Our method is superior to conventional diagnostic methods in terms of speed, accuracy, and comprehensiveness.
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19
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Ru D, Li J, Xie O, Peng L, Jiang H, Qiu R. Explainable artificial intelligence based on feature optimization for age at onset prediction of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:978630. [PMID: 36110986 PMCID: PMC9468717 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.978630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing treatments can only delay the progression of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) after onset, so the prediction of the age at onset (AAO) can facilitate early intervention and follow-up to improve treatment efficacy. The objective of this study was to develop an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) based on feature optimization to provide an interpretable and more accurate AAO prediction. A total of 1,008 affected SCA3/MJD subjects from mainland China were analyzed. The expanded cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats of 10 polyQ-related genes were genotyped and included in related models as potential AAO modifiers. The performance of 4 feature optimization methods and 10 machine learning (ML) algorithms were compared, followed by building the XAI based on the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The model constructed with an artificial neural network (ANN) and feature optimization of Crossing-Correlation-StepSVM performed best and achieved a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.653 and mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and median absolute error (MedianAE) of 4.544, 6.090, and 3.236 years, respectively. The XAI explained the predicted results, which suggests that the factors affecting the AAO were complex and associated with gene interactions. An XAI based on feature optimization can improve the accuracy of AAO prediction and provide interpretable and personalized prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Ru
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ouyi Xie
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linliu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Qiu
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20
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Sobana SA, Huda F, Hermawan R, Sribudiani Y, Koan TS, Dian S, Ong PA, Dahlan NL, Utami N, Pusparini I, Gamayani U, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Achmad TH. Brain MRI Volumetry Analysis in an Indonesian Family of SCA 3 Patients: A Case-Based Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:912592. [PMID: 35847233 PMCID: PMC9277061 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.912592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 (SCA3) is an adult-onset autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. It is caused by expanding of CAG repeat in ATXN3 gene that later on would affect brain structures. This brain changes could be evaluated using brain MRI volumetric. However, findings across published brain volumetric studies have been inconsistent. Here, we report MRI brain volumetric analysis in a family of SCA 3 patients, which included pre-symptomatic and symptomatic patients. Methodology The study included affected and unaffected members from a large six-generation family of SCA 3, genetically confirmed using PolyQ/CAG repeat expansion analysis, Sanger sequencing, and PCR. Clinical evaluation was performed using Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Subjects' brains were scanned using 3.0-T MRI with a 3D T1 BRAVO sequence. Evaluations were performed by 2 independent neuroradiologists. An automated volumetric analysis was performed using FreeSurfer and CERES (for the cerebellum). Result We evaluated 7 subjects from this SCA3 family, including 3 subjects with SCA3 and 4 unaffected subjects. The volumetric evaluation revealed smaller brain volumes (p < 0.05) in the corpus callosum, cerebellar volume of lobules I-II, lobule IV, lobule VIIB and lobule IX; and in cerebellar gray matter volume of lobule IV, and VIIIA; in the pathologic/expanded CAG repeat group (SCA3). Conclusion Brain MRI volumetry of SCA3 subjects showed smaller brain volumes in multiple brain regions including the corpus callosum and gray matter volumes of several cerebellar lobules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aminah Sobana
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Research Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Siti Aminah Sobana
| | - Fathul Huda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Research Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Fathul Huda
| | - Robby Hermawan
- Department of Radiology, Saint Borromeus Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Yunia Sribudiani
- Research Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Tan Siauw Koan
- Department of Radiology, Saint Borromeus Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sofiati Dian
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Paulus Anam Ong
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nushrotul Lailiyya Dahlan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nastiti Utami
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Iin Pusparini
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Uni Gamayani
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tri Hanggono Achmad
- Research Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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21
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da Silva IDS, Apolinário TA, de Andrade Agostinho L, Paiva CLA. Investigation of the Influence of TBP CAG/CAA Repeats in Conjunction with HTT CAG Repeats on Huntington's Disease Age at Onset in a Brazilian Sample. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1116-1124. [PMID: 35275350 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative progressive and fatal disease characterized by motor disorder, cognitive impairment, and behavioral problems, caused by expanded repeats of CAG trinucleotides in the HTT gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of TBP gene CAG/CAA repeats in conjunction with HTT gene CAG repeats, on the age at HD onset in Brazilian individuals. Individuals diagnosed as molecularly negative for HD presented 29-39 TBP CAG/CAA. Their most frequent allele had 36 repeats. In individuals diagnosed as molecularly positive for HD, a range of 25-40 TBP CAG/ CAA was found. The most frequent TBP allele had 38 repeats. We also conducted TBP direct Sanger sequencing of some samples which demonstrated other four TBP structures different from the basic TBP structure and others reported in the literature. The HTT expanded CAG and TBP CAG/CAA repeat sizes jointly explained 66% of the age at onset (AO) in our HD patients. The strongest variable in the model associated with AO was the number of expanded HTT CAG repeats. The difference between the association of HD AO with HTT expanded CAG together with TBP CAG/CAA and the association of HD AO with HTT expanded CAG was 0.001 (∆R2). Therefore, we found a weak association (0.1%) of TBP CAG/CAA repeats on HD AO, if any.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iane Dos Santos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular (PPGBMC), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana de Andrade Agostinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS, Muriae, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Lucia Antão Paiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular (PPGBMC), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Ding D, Chen Z, Wang C, Tang X, Zhang L, Fang Q, Qiu R, Jiang H. A Variant in Genes of the NPY System as Modifier Factor of Machado-Joseph Disease in the Chinese Population. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:822657. [PMID: 35185528 PMCID: PMC8851415 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.822657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, NPY overexpression has been proposed to alleviate motor deficits and neuropathy in Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) mouse models, indicating its neuroprotective role in the pathogenesis of MJD. We aimed to evaluate the association between SNPs in NPY and its receptors and the susceptibility of MJD in the Chinese population. Moreover, we investigated whether these SNPs modulate the age at onset (AO) of MJD. In total, 527 MJD patients and 487 healthy controls were enrolled in the study, and four specific selected SNPs (rs16139, rs3037354, rs2234759, and rs11100494) in NPY and its receptor genes were genotyped. In this study, the genotypic frequency using the dominant model and the allelic distribution of rs11100494 in NPY5R revealed a significant difference between the MJD and control group during the first-stage analysis (P = 0.048 and P = 0.024, respectively). After we expanded the sample size, significant differences were observed between the two groups using the dominant model in genotypic and allelic distribution (P = 0.034, P = 0.046, and P = 0.016, respectively). No significant differences in genotypic and allelic distribution were found between the MJD and control groups for the other three SNPs. All selected SNPs had no significant effect on the AO of MJD. The association of rs11100494 in the NPY5R gene and susceptibility of MJD suggested that the NPY system might be implicated in the pathogenesis of MJD. Our study demonstrated the existence of other genetic modifiers in MJD, along with CAG expansion and known genetic modifier factors, which might lead to a better understanding of MJD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Jiang,
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23
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Li J, Shu A, Sun Y, Yang W, Tang X, Pu H, Peng Y, Hu X, Qing Y, Wang J, Wan C, Zhou M, Zhang M. DNA methylation age acceleration is associated with age of onset in Chinese spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 patients. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 113:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Gall-Duncan T, Sato N, Yuen RKC, Pearson CE. Advancing genomic technologies and clinical awareness accelerates discovery of disease-associated tandem repeat sequences. Genome Res 2022; 32:1-27. [PMID: 34965938 PMCID: PMC8744678 DOI: 10.1101/gr.269530.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Expansions of gene-specific DNA tandem repeats (TRs), first described in 1991 as a disease-causing mutation in humans, are now known to cause >60 phenotypes, not just disease, and not only in humans. TRs are a common form of genetic variation with biological consequences, observed, so far, in humans, dogs, plants, oysters, and yeast. Repeat diseases show atypical clinical features, genetic anticipation, and multiple and partially penetrant phenotypes among family members. Discovery of disease-causing repeat expansion loci accelerated through technological advances in DNA sequencing and computational analyses. Between 2019 and 2021, 17 new disease-causing TR expansions were reported, totaling 63 TR loci (>69 diseases), with a likelihood of more discoveries, and in more organisms. Recent and historical lessons reveal that properly assessed clinical presentations, coupled with genetic and biological awareness, can guide discovery of disease-causing unstable TRs. We highlight critical but underrecognized aspects of TR mutations. Repeat motifs may not be present in current reference genomes but will be in forthcoming gapless long-read references. Repeat motif size can be a single nucleotide to kilobases/unit. At a given locus, repeat motif sequence purity can vary with consequence. Pathogenic repeats can be "insertions" within nonpathogenic TRs. Expansions, contractions, and somatic length variations of TRs can have clinical/biological consequences. TR instabilities occur in humans and other organisms. TRs can be epigenetically modified and/or chromosomal fragile sites. We discuss the expanding field of disease-associated TR instabilities, highlighting prospects, clinical and genetic clues, tools, and challenges for further discoveries of disease-causing TR instabilities and understanding their biological and pathological impacts-a vista that is about to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Gall-Duncan
- Program of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nozomu Sato
- Program of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- Program of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christopher E Pearson
- Program of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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25
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Raposo M, Bettencourt C, Melo ARV, Ferreira AF, Alonso I, Silva P, Vasconcelos J, Kay T, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Costa MD, Vilasboas-Campos D, Bettencourt BF, Bruges-Armas J, Houlden H, Heutink P, Jardim LB, Sequeiros J, Maciel P, Lima M. Novel Machado-Joseph disease-modifying genes and pathways identified by whole-exome sequencing. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105578. [PMID: 34871736 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) is a neurodegenerative polyglutamine disorder exhibiting a wide spectrum of phenotypes. The abnormal size of the (CAG)n at ATXN3 explains ~55% of the age at onset variance, suggesting the involvement of other factors, namely genetic modifiers, whose identification remains limited. Our aim was to find novel genetic modifiers, analyse their epistatic effects and identify disease-modifying pathways contributing to MJD variable expressivity. We performed whole-exome sequencing in a discovery sample of four age at onset concordant and four discordant first-degree relative pairs of Azorean patients, to identify candidate variants which genotypes differed for each discordant pair but were shared in each concordant pair. Variants identified by this approach were then tested in an independent multi-origin cohort of 282 MJD patients. Whole-exome sequencing identified 233 candidate variants, from which 82 variants in 53 genes were prioritized for downstream analysis. Eighteen disease-modifying pathways were identified; two of the most enriched pathways were relevant for the nervous system, namely the neuregulin signaling and the agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction. Variants at PARD3, NFKB1, CHD5, ACTG1, CFAP57, DLGAP2, ITGB1, DIDO1 and CERS4 modulate age at onset in MJD, with those identified in CFAP57, ACTG1 and DIDO1 showing consistent effects across cohorts of different geographical origins. Network analyses of the nine novel MJD modifiers highlighted several important molecular interactions, including genes/proteins previously related with MJD pathogenesis, namely between ACTG1/APOE and VCP/ITGB1. We describe novel pathways, modifiers, and their interaction partners, providing a broad molecular portrait of age at onset modulation to be further exploited as new disease-modifying targets for MJD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Ana Rosa Vieira Melo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana F Ferreira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Alonso
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Silva
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Teresa Kay
- Departamento de Genética Clínica, Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica/Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Marta D Costa
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e Saúde (ICVS), Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - Laboratório Associado, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Vilasboas-Campos
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e Saúde (ICVS), Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - Laboratório Associado, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Filipe Bettencourt
- Serviço Especializado de Epidemiologia e Biologia Molecular (SEEBMO), Hospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira (HSEIT), Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Jácome Bruges-Armas
- Serviço Especializado de Epidemiologia e Biologia Molecular (SEEBMO), Hospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira (HSEIT), Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal; CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas & CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London and Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom, London.
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica/Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e Saúde (ICVS), Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - Laboratório Associado, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Lima
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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26
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Hengel H, Martus P, Faber J, Garcia-Moreno H, Solanky N, Giunti P, Klockgether T, Reetz K, van de Warrenburg BP, Pereira de Almeida L, Santana MM, Januário C, Silva P, Thieme A, Infante J, de Vries J, Lima M, Ferreira AF, Bushara K, Jacobi H, Onyike C, Schmahmann JD, Hübener-Schmid J, Synofzik M, Schöls L. Characterization of Lifestyle in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 and Association with Disease Severity. Mov Disord 2021; 37:405-410. [PMID: 34713931 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle could influence the course of hereditary ataxias, but representative data are missing. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize lifestyle in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and investigate possible associations with disease parameters. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, data on smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, physiotherapy, and body mass index (BMI) were collected from 243 patients with SCA3 and 119 controls and tested for associations with age of onset, disease severity, and progression. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with SCA3 were less active and consumed less alcohol. Less physical activity and alcohol abstinence were associated with more severe disease, but not with progression rates or age of onset. Smoking, BMI, or physiotherapy did not correlate with disease parameters. CONCLUSION Differences in lifestyle factors of patients with SCA3 and controls as well as associations of lifestyle factors with disease severity are likely driven by the influence of symptoms on behavior. No association between lifestyle and disease progression was detected. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Faber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hector Garcia-Moreno
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH) National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nita Solanky
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH) National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals (UCLH) National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) Brain Institute: Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Magda M Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Januário
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrick Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreas Thieme
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - Instituto de investigación sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeroen de Vries
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana F Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chiadi Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeannette Hübener-Schmid
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Li Y, Liu Z, Hou X, Chen Z, Shen L, Xia K, Tang B, Jiang H, Wang J. Effect of CAG repeats on the age at onset of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in China. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:793-799. [PMID: 34565721 PMCID: PMC10929981 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.210230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is one of the most common autosomal dominant ataxias in the world. Several reports revealed that CAG repeats in some polyQ-containing genes may affect the age at onset (AAO) of patients with SCA2, however, little studies were conducted among Chinese patients with SCA2. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of CAG repeats on the AAO of patients with SCA2 in China. METHODS A total of 119 patients with SCA2 were enrolled and were divided into 2 groups according to their major phenotype: 17 patients from 9 families with Parkinson's syndrome were grouped as the Parkinson's disease-SCA2 (PD-SAC2); 91 patients from 66 SCA2 families and 11 sporadic SCA2 patients were grouped as the ataxia-SCA2 (A-SCA2). Blood samples were obtained from the subjects, and the CAG repeat length in ATXN2 and other (CAG)n-containing genes was screened using fluorescent PCR. The Spearman's rank correlation between the CAG repeat length in (CAG)n-containing genes and AAO was analyzed. Regression analysis was performed to investigate whether the CAG repeat length could explain the variant of AAO. A t-test was used to compare the difference of CAG repeat length in (CAG)n-containing genes between the PD-SAC2 and A-SCA2 groups. RESULTS The CAG repeat length in the longer allele of ATXN2 was negatively correlated with AAO of SCA2 (R=-0.251, P<0.05), and the CAG repeat length could explain 41.7% of the variation of AAO. AAO negatively correlated with the CAG repeat length in the shorter allele of ATXN7 (R=-0.251, P=0.006) or in the longer allele of TBP gene (R=-0.197, P=0.034). A tendency of delay in the AAO was also observed in patients with SCA2 carrying the CAG repeat within the ATXN3, CACNA1A, ATXN7, TBP, and RAI1. In addition, we found that the CAG repeat length in ATXN7 and ATXN2 between the A-SCA2 and the PD-SCA2 groups was significantly different (both P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The CAG repeat in ATXN2 is a major genetic factor for the AAO of patients with SCA2 in China. The CAG repeat length in ATXN3, CACNA1A, ATXN7, TBP, and RAI1 genes might be a potential factor associated with the AAO of SCA2. The CAG repeat in ATXN7 might be a potential factor affecting the Parkinson's syndrome in SCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Shah VV, Rodriguez-Labrada R, Horak FB, McNames J, Casey H, Hansson Floyd K, El-Gohary M, Schmahmann JD, Rosenthal LS, Perlman S, Velázquez-Pérez L, Gomez CM. Gait Variability in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Assessed Using Wearable Inertial Sensors. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2922-2931. [PMID: 34424581 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative assessment of severity of ataxia-specific gait impairments from wearable technology could provide sensitive performance outcome measures with high face validity to power clinical trials. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify a set of gait measures from body-worn inertial sensors that best discriminate between people with prodromal or manifest spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and age-matched, healthy control subjects (HC) and determine how these measures relate to disease severity. METHODS One hundred and sixty-three people with SCA (subtypes 1, 2, 3, and 6), 42 people with prodromal SCA, and 96 HC wore 6 inertial sensors while performing a natural pace, 2-minute walk. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were compared for 25 gait measures, including standard deviations as variability, to discriminate between ataxic and normal gait. Pearson's correlation coefficient assessed the relationships between the gait measures and severity of ataxia. RESULTS Increased gait variability was the most discriminative gait feature of SCA; toe-out angle variability (AUC = 0.936; sensitivity = 0.871; specificity = 0.896) and double-support time variability (AUC = 0.932; sensitivity = 0.834; specificity = 0.865) were the most sensitive and specific measures. These variability measures were also significantly correlated with the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) and disease duration. The same gait measures discriminated gait of people with prodromal SCA from the gait of HC (AUC = 0.610, and 0.670, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Wearable inertial sensors provide sensitive and specific measures of excessive gait variability in both manifest and prodromal SCAs that are reliable and related to the severity of the disease, suggesting they may be useful as clinical trial performance outcome measures. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrutangkumar V Shah
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Labrada
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, Holguín, Cuba.,Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
| | - Fay B Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,APDM Wearable Technologies, an ERT company, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - James McNames
- APDM Wearable Technologies, an ERT company, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hannah Casey
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Ataxia Center, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luis Velázquez-Pérez
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, Holguín, Cuba.,Cuban Academy of Sciences, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Christopher M Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Świtońska-Kurkowska K, Krist B, Delimata J, Figiel M. Juvenile Huntington's Disease and Other PolyQ Diseases, Update on Neurodevelopmental Character and Comparative Bioinformatic Review of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Data. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642773. [PMID: 34277598 PMCID: PMC8281051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the CAG repeat expansion mutation in affected genes resulting in toxic proteins containing a long chain of glutamines. There are nine PolyQ diseases: Huntington’s disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxias (types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 17), dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), and spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). In general, longer CAG expansions and longer glutamine tracts lead to earlier disease presentations in PolyQ patients. Rarely, cases of extremely long expansions are identified for PolyQ diseases, and they consistently lead to juvenile or sometimes very severe infantile-onset polyQ syndromes. In apparent contrast to the very long CAG tracts, shorter CAGs and PolyQs in proteins seems to be the evolutionary factor enhancing human cognition. Therefore, polyQ tracts in proteins can be modifiers of brain development and disease drivers, which contribute neurodevelopmental phenotypes in juvenile- and adult-onset PolyQ diseases. Therefore we performed a bioinformatics review of published RNAseq polyQ expression data resulting from the presence of polyQ genes in search of neurodevelopmental expression patterns and comparison between diseases. The expression data were collected from cell types reflecting stages of development such as iPSC, neuronal stem cell, neurons, but also the adult patients and models for PolyQ disease. In addition, we extended our bioinformatic transcriptomic analysis by proteomics data. We identified a group of 13 commonly downregulated genes and proteins in HD mouse models. Our comparative bioinformatic review highlighted several (neuro)developmental pathways and genes identified within PolyQ diseases and mouse models responsible for neural growth, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Krist
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Delimata
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Figiel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Sena LS, Dos Santos Pinheiro J, Hasan A, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Jardim LB. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 from an evolutionary perspective: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Genet 2021; 100:258-267. [PMID: 33960424 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dominant diseases due to expanded CAG repeat tracts, such as spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), are prone to anticipation and worsening of clinical picture in subsequent generations. There is insufficient data about selective forces acting on the maintenance of these diseases in populations. We made a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of the CAG length over age at onset, instability of transmissions, anticipation, de novo or sporadic cases, fitness, segregation of alleles, and ancestral haplotypes. The correlation between CAG expanded and age at onset was r2 = 0.577, and transmission of the mutant allele was associated with an increase of 2.42 CAG repeats in the next generation and an anticipation of 14.62 years per generation, on average. One de novo and 18 sporadic cases were detected. Affected SCA2 individuals seem to have more children than controls. The expanded allele was less segregated than the 22-repeat allele in children of SCA2 subjects. Several ancestral SCA2 haplotypes were published. Data suggest that SCA2 lineages may tend to disappear eventually, due to strong anticipation phenomena. Whether or not the novel cases come from common haplotypes associated with a predisposition to further expansions is a question that needs to be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Schenatto Sena
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jordânia Dos Santos Pinheiro
- Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ali Hasan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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31
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Brooker SM, Edamakanti CR, Akasha SM, Kuo SH, Opal P. Spinocerebellar ataxia clinical trials: opportunities and challenges. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1543-1556. [PMID: 34019331 PMCID: PMC8283160 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of dominantly inherited diseases that share the defining feature of progressive cerebellar ataxia. The disease process, however, is not confined to the cerebellum; other areas of the brain, in particular, the brainstem, are also affected, resulting in a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no disease‐modifying treatments for the SCAs, but preclinical research has led to the development of therapeutic agents ripe for testing in patients. Unfortunately, due to the rarity of these diseases and their slow and variable progression, there are substantial hurdles to overcome in conducting clinical trials. While the epidemiological features of the SCAs are immutable, the feasibility of conducting clinical trials is being addressed through a combination of strategies. These include improvements in clinical outcome measures, the identification of imaging and fluid biomarkers, and innovations in clinical trial design. In this review, we highlight current challenges in initiating clinical trials for the SCAs and also discuss pathways for researchers and clinicians to mitigate these challenges and harness opportunities for clinical trial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Brooker
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Sara M Akasha
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Peng L, Chen Z, Long Z, Liu M, Lei L, Wang C, Peng H, Shi Y, Peng Y, Deng Q, Wang S, Zou G, Wan L, Yuan H, He L, Xie Y, Tang Z, Wan N, Gong Y, Hou X, Shen L, Xia K, Li J, Chen C, Qiu R, Klockgether T, Tang B, Jiang H. New Model for Estimation of the Age at Onset in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Neurology 2021; 96:e2885-e2895. [PMID: 33893204 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate parametric survival model to predict patient's age at onset (AAO) for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) populations from mainland China. METHODS We compared the efficiency and performance of 6 parametric survival analysis methods (exponential, weibull, log-gaussian, gaussian, log-logistic, and logistic) based on cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat length at ATXN3 to predict the probability of AAO in the largest cohort of patients with SCA3/MJD. A set of evaluation criteria, including -2 log-likelihood statistic, Akaike information criterion (AIC), bayesian information criterion (BIC), Nagelkerke R-squared (Nagelkerke R^2), and Cox-Snell residual plot, were used to identify the best model. RESULTS Among these 6 parametric survival models, the logistic model had the lowest -2 log-likelihood (6,560.12), AIC (6,566.12), and BIC (6,566.14) and the highest value of Nagelkerke R^2 (0.54), with the closest graph to the bisector Cox-Snell residual graph. Therefore, the logistic survival model was the best fit to the studied data. Using the optimal logistic survival model, we indicated the age-specific probability distribution of AAO according to the CAG repeat size and current age. CONCLUSIONS We first demonstrated that the logistic survival model provided the best fit for AAO prediction in patients with SCA3/MJD from mainland China. This optimal model can be valuable in clinical and research. However, the rigorous clinical testing and practice of other independent cohorts are needed for its clinical application. A unified model across multiethnic cohorts is worth further exploration by identifying regional differences and significant modifiers in AAO determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linliu Peng
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Zhao Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Zhe Long
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Mingjie Liu
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lijing Lei
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Chunrong Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Huirong Peng
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuting Shi
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yun Peng
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Qi Deng
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Shang Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Guangdong Zou
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Linlin Wan
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lang He
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yue Xie
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Zhichao Tang
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Na Wan
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yiqing Gong
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Xuan Hou
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lu Shen
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kun Xia
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jinchen Li
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Chao Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Rong Qiu
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Beisha Tang
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hong Jiang
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P., Z.C., M.L., L.L., H.P., Y.S., Y.P., Q.D., S.W., G.Z., L.W., H.Y., L.H., Y.X., Z.T., N.W., Y.G., X.H., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Department of Pathology (C.W.), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Z.C., L.S., B.T., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Neurology (Z.L.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (Z.C., L.S., J.L., B.T., H.J.), Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences (K.X., J.L., C.C.), Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (K.X., J.L., C.C.), School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), and School of Basic Medical Science (H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany.
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Magrinelli F, Balint B, Bhatia KP. Challenges in Clinicogenetic Correlations: One Gene - Many Phenotypes. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:299-310. [PMID: 33816657 PMCID: PMC8015894 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progress in genetics – particularly the advent of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) – has enabled an unparalleled gene discovery and revealed unmatched complexity of genotype–phenotype correlations in movement disorders. Among other things, it has emerged that mutations in one and the same gene can cause multiple, often markedly different phenotypes. Consequently, movement disorder specialists have increasingly experienced challenges in clinicogenetic correlations. Objectives To deconstruct biological phenomena and mechanistic bases of phenotypic heterogeneity in monogenic movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. To discuss the evolving role of movement disorder specialists in reshaping disease phenotypes in the NGS era. Methods This scoping review details phenomena contributing to phenotypic heterogeneity and their underlying mechanisms. Results Three phenomena contribute to phenotypic heterogeneity, namely incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity and pleiotropy. Their underlying mechanisms, which are often shared across phenomena and non‐mutually exclusive, are not fully elucidated. They involve genetic factors (ie, different mutation types, dynamic mutations, somatic mosaicism, intragenic intra‐ and inter‐allelic interactions, modifiers and epistatic genes, mitochondrial heteroplasmy), epigenetic factors (ie, genomic imprinting, X‐chromosome inactivation, modulation of genetic and chromosomal defects), and environmental factors. Conclusion Movement disorders is unique in its reliance on clinical judgment to accurately define disease phenotypes. This has been reaffirmed by the NGS revolution, which provides ever‐growing sequencing data and fuels challenges in variant pathogenicity assertions for such clinically heterogeneous disorders. Deep phenotyping, with characterization and continual updating of “core” phenotypes, and comprehension of determinants of genotype–phenotype complex relationships are crucial for clinicogenetic correlations and have implications for the diagnosis, treatment and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Bettina Balint
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
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Suart CE, Perez AM, Al-Ramahi I, Maiuri T, Botas J, Truant R. Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 protein Ataxin-1 is signaled to DNA damage by ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:706-715. [PMID: 33772540 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ataxin-1 protein. Recent genetic correlational studies have implicated DNA damage repair pathways in modifying the age at onset of disease symptoms in SCA1 and Huntington's Disease, another polyglutamine expansion disease. We demonstrate that both endogenous and transfected ataxin-1 localizes to sites of DNA damage, which is impaired by polyglutamine expansion. This response is dependent on ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase activity. Further, we characterize an ATM phosphorylation motif within ataxin-1 at serine 188. We show reduction of the Drosophila ATM homolog levels in a ATXN1[82Q] Drosophila model through shRNA or genetic cross ameliorates motor symptoms. These findings offer a possible explanation as to why DNA repair was implicated in SCA1 pathogenesis by past studies. The similarities between the ataxin-1 and the huntingtin responses to DNA damage provide further support for a shared pathogenic mechanism for polyglutamine expansion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste E Suart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alma M Perez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ismael Al-Ramahi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamara Maiuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Botas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ray Truant
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Yahia A, Stevanin G. The History of Gene Hunting in Hereditary Spinocerebellar Degeneration: Lessons From the Past and Future Perspectives. Front Genet 2021; 12:638730. [PMID: 33833777 PMCID: PMC8021710 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.638730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) encompasses an expanding list of rare diseases with a broad clinical and genetic heterogeneity, complicating their diagnosis and management in daily clinical practice. Correct diagnosis is a pillar for precision medicine, a branch of medicine that promises to flourish with the progressive improvements in studying the human genome. Discovering the genes causing novel Mendelian phenotypes contributes to precision medicine by diagnosing subsets of patients with previously undiagnosed conditions, guiding the management of these patients and their families, and enabling the discovery of more causes of Mendelian diseases. This new knowledge provides insight into the biological processes involved in health and disease, including the more common complex disorders. This review discusses the evolution of the clinical and genetic approaches used to diagnose hereditary SCD and the potential of new tools for future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Yahia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
- Institut du Cerveau, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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36
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Rodríguez-Labrada R, Martins AC, Magaña JJ, Vazquez-Mojena Y, Medrano-Montero J, Fernandez-Ruíz J, Cisneros B, Teive H, McFarland KN, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Cerecedo-Zapata CM, Gomez CM, Ashizawa T, Velázquez-Pérez L, Jardim LB. Founder Effects of Spinocerebellar Ataxias in the American Continents and the Caribbean. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:446-458. [PMID: 32086717 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) comprise a heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant disorders. The relative frequency of the different SCA subtypes varies broadly among different geographical and ethnic groups as result of genetic drifts. This review aims to provide an update regarding SCA founders in the American continents and the Caribbean as well as to discuss characteristics of these populations. Clusters of SCAs were detected in Eastern regions of Cuba for SCA2, in South Brazil for SCA3/MJD, and in Southeast regions of Mexico for SCA7. Prevalence rates were obtained and reached 154 (municipality of Báguano, Cuba), 166 (General Câmara, Brazil), and 423 (Tlaltetela, Mexico) patients/100,000 for SCA2, SCA3/MJD, and SCA7, respectively. In contrast, the scattered families with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) reported all over North and South Americas have been associated to a common Native American ancestry that may have risen in East Asia and migrated to Americas 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. The comprehensive review showed that for each of these SCAs corresponded at least the development of one study group with a large production of scientific evidence often generalizable to all carriers of these conditions. Clusters of SCA populations in the American continents and the Caribbean provide unusual opportunity to gain insights into clinical and genetic characteristics of these disorders. Furthermore, the presence of large populations of patients living close to study centers can favor the development of meaningful clinical trials, which will impact on therapies and on quality of life of SCA carriers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
| | - Jonathan J Magaña
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yaimeé Vazquez-Mojena
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, 80100, Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Juan Fernandez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helio Teive
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80240-440, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - César M Cerecedo-Zapata
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
- Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion Center of Veracruz (CRIS-DIF), Xalapa, 91070, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Program of Neuroscience, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Luis Velázquez-Pérez
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, 80100, Holguín, Cuba.
- Cuban Academy of Sciences, 10100, La Havana, Cuba.
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
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Deshmukh AL, Porro A, Mohiuddin M, Lanni S, Panigrahi GB, Caron MC, Masson JY, Sartori AA, Pearson CE. FAN1, a DNA Repair Nuclease, as a Modifier of Repeat Expansion Disorders. J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 10:95-122. [PMID: 33579867 PMCID: PMC7990447 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-200448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FAN1 encodes a DNA repair nuclease. Genetic deficiencies, copy number variants, and single nucleotide variants of FAN1 have been linked to karyomegalic interstitial nephritis, 15q13.3 microdeletion/microduplication syndrome (autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy), cancer, and most recently repeat expansion diseases. For seven CAG repeat expansion diseases (Huntington's disease (HD) and certain spinocerebellar ataxias), modification of age of onset is linked to variants of specific DNA repair proteins. FAN1 variants are the strongest modifiers. Non-coding disease-delaying FAN1 variants and coding disease-hastening variants (p.R507H and p.R377W) are known, where the former may lead to increased FAN1 levels and the latter have unknown effects upon FAN1 functions. Current thoughts are that ongoing repeat expansions in disease-vulnerable tissues, as individuals age, promote disease onset. Fan1 is required to suppress against high levels of ongoing somatic CAG and CGG repeat expansions in tissues of HD and FMR1 transgenic mice respectively, in addition to participating in DNA interstrand crosslink repair. FAN1 is also a modifier of autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. Coupled with the association of these diseases with repeat expansions, this suggests a common mechanism, by which FAN1 modifies repeat diseases. Yet how any of the FAN1 variants modify disease is unknown. Here, we review FAN1 variants, associated clinical effects, protein structure, and the enzyme's attributed functional roles. We highlight how variants may alter its activities in DNA damage response and/or repeat instability. A thorough awareness of the FAN1 gene and FAN1 protein functions will reveal if and how it may be targeted for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit L Deshmukh
- Program of Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio Porro
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohiuddin Mohiuddin
- Program of Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stella Lanni
- Program of Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gagan B Panigrahi
- Program of Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Caron
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada.,Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada.,Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alessandro A Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher E Pearson
- Program of Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Program of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bushart DD, Zalon AJ, Zhang H, Morrison LM, Guan Y, Paulson HL, Shakkottai VG, McLoughlin HS. Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy Targeted Against ATXN3 Improves Potassium Channel-Mediated Purkinje Neuron Dysfunction in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 20:41-53. [PMID: 32789747 PMCID: PMC7930886 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the second-most common CAG repeat disease, caused by a glutamine-encoding expansion in the ATXN3 protein. SCA3 is characterized by spinocerebellar degeneration leading to progressive motor incoordination and early death. Previous studies suggest that potassium channel dysfunction underlies early abnormalities in cerebellar cortical Purkinje neuron firing in SCA3. However, cerebellar cortical degeneration is often modest both in the human disease and mouse models of SCA3, raising uncertainty about the role of cerebellar dysfunction in SCA3. Here, we address this question by investigating Purkinje neuron excitability in SCA3. In early-stage SCA3 mice, we confirm a previously identified increase in excitability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons and associate this excitability with reduced transcripts of two voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels, Kcna6 and Kcnc3, as well as motor impairment. Intracerebroventricular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) to reduce mutant ATXN3 restores normal excitability to SCA3 Purkinje neurons and rescues transcript levels of Kcna6 and Kcnc3. Interestingly, while an even broader range of KV channel transcripts shows reduced levels in late-stage SCA3 mice, cerebellar Purkinje neuron physiology was not further altered despite continued worsening of motor impairment. These results suggest the progressive motor phenotype observed in SCA3 may not reflect ongoing changes in the cerebellar cortex but instead dysfunction of other neuronal structures within and beyond the cerebellum. Nevertheless, the early rescue of both KV channel expression and neuronal excitability by ASO treatment suggests that cerebellar cortical dysfunction contributes meaningfully to motor dysfunction in SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Bushart
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Annie J. Zalon
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Hongjiu Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Microsoft, Inc. Bellevue, WA 98004
| | - Logan M. Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yuanfang Guan
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Henry L. Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Vikram G. Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Address correspondence to: Vikram G. Shakkottai, 4009 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, ; Hayley S. McLoughlin, 4017 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
| | - Hayley S. McLoughlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Address correspondence to: Vikram G. Shakkottai, 4009 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, ; Hayley S. McLoughlin, 4017 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
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Donaldson J, Powell S, Rickards N, Holmans P, Jones L. What is the Pathogenic CAG Expansion Length in Huntington's Disease? J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 10:175-202. [PMID: 33579866 PMCID: PMC7990448 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-200445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) (OMIM 143100) is caused by an expanded CAG repeat tract in the HTT gene. The inherited CAG length is known to expand further in somatic and germline cells in HD subjects. Age at onset of the disease is inversely correlated with the inherited CAG length, but is further modulated by a series of genetic modifiers which are most likely to act on the CAG repeat in HTT that permit it to further expand. Longer repeats are more prone to expansions, and this expansion is age dependent and tissue-specific. Given that the inherited tract expands through life and most subjects develop disease in mid-life, this implies that in cells that degenerate, the CAG length is likely to be longer than the inherited length. These findings suggest two thresholds- the inherited CAG length which permits further expansion, and the intracellular pathogenic threshold, above which cells become dysfunctional and die. This two-step mechanism has been previously proposed and modelled mathematically to give an intracellular pathogenic threshold at a tract length of 115 CAG (95% confidence intervals 70- 165 CAG). Empirically, the intracellular pathogenic threshold is difficult to determine. Clues from studies of people and models of HD, and from other diseases caused by expanded repeat tracts, place this threshold between 60- 100 CAG, most likely towards the upper part of that range. We assess this evidence and discuss how the intracellular pathogenic threshold in manifest disease might be better determined. Knowing the cellular pathogenic threshold would be informative for both understanding the mechanism in HD and deploying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Donaldson
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sophie Powell
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nadia Rickards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lesley Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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40
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Yang L, Dong Y, Ma Y, Ni W, Wu ZY. Genetic profile and clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: A multicenter experience over 10 years. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:955-964. [PMID: 33070405 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is the second most common type of spinocerebellar ataxia in China. However, data on the clinical and genetic features of Chinese SCA2 patients are scarce. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of in the Chinese SCA2 cohort. METHODS A total of 135 patients with SCA2 from 92 families and 104 unrelated normal controls were recruited from three medical centers between 2008 and 2020. Sanger sequencing and TA cloning were used to determine the CAG repeat length and intrinsic structure. The clinical data of patients with SCA2, including electromyography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron-emission tomography, and clinical scale scores, were recorded. RESULTS The mean ± SD age at onset of SCA2 patients was 32.6 ± 11.9 years and the corresponding CAG repeat length was 42.1 ± 3.6. CAG repeat length accounted for 64% of the age-at-onset variance. We observed that patients had a significantly lower proportion of (CAG)8 CAA(CAG)4 CAA(CAG)8 within normal alleles than normal controls (48.8% vs. 64.9%; p = 0.003), while the distribution of the proportion of (CAG)13 CAA (CAG)8 was the opposite. Peripheral neuropathy was frequent, occurring in 75.9% of the patients. Parkinsonism was relatively common, with a frequency of 11.8%. Two patients with parkinsonism had a significantly more severe reduction in dopamine transporter levels in the bilateral striatum than the one patient with pure ataxia. An infant-onset case of SCA2 with more than 180 CAG repeats was characterized by global development delay, hypotonia and hearing impairment. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the genetic profile and clinical characteristics of the largest SCA2 cohort to date in the Chinese population and analyzes inter-population differences. Many aspects of this study population were different from other populations with SCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Ma
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Ni
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
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41
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Jiao S, Wang P, Chen Z, Wang C, Shi Y, Qiu R, Tang B, Jiang H. Age is an important independent modifier of SCA3 phenotype severity. Neurosci Lett 2020; 741:135510. [PMID: 33221475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate factors modulating spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) phenotype severity besides the expanded CAG repeats (ExpCAG) of ATXN3. METHODS Data regarding CAG trinucleotide repeats, age at onset (AO), duration, age, sex, transmitting parent, and scale scores of SCA3 patients were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify influential independent variables. Age, AO, ExpCAG, and duration were considered control variables to analyze the correlation between independent variables and scale scores. RESULTS Duration, age, and ExpCAG were screened as influential independent variables (P = 0.000). Age had the greatest impact on multiple linear regression models (P<5E-8). ExpCAG and SARA/ICARS/INAS/Barthel index were not correlated (P > 0.05); considering only age as the control, ExpCAG was slightly-to-moderately correlated with all aforementioned scores except INAS (P < 0.05). Age and all scores, except INAS, were positively correlated (P < 0.05); considering duration, AO, or ExpCAG as controls, their correlations did not change significantly. On controlling age, AO was negatively correlated with all scores (P < 0.05), except for the Barthel index (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the interaction model revealed that the interaction between age, duration, and ExpCAG was significantly associated with SCA3 disease severity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Age is a potentially important modifier of SCA3 phenotype severity, through the interaction between ExpCAG and aging factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Puzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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42
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Laffita-Mesa JM, Nennesmo I, Paucar M, Svenningsson P. A Novel Duplication in ATXN2 as Modifier for Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 (SCA3) and C9ORF72-ALS. Mov Disord 2020; 36:508-514. [PMID: 33058338 PMCID: PMC7983901 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ataxin‐2 (ATXN2) gene contains a cytosine‐adenine‐guanine repeat sequence ranging from 13 to 31 repeats, but when surpassing certain thresholds causes neurodegeneration. Genetic alterations in ATXN2 other than pathological cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) repeats are unknown. Methods/Results We have identified a 9–base pair duplication in the 2‐gene ATXN2 sense/antisense region. The duplication was found in a Swedish family with spinocerebellar ataxia 3 with parkinsonism, conferring a deviated age at onset unexplained by the concomitant presence of ATXN2 intermediate alleles. Similarly, C9ORF72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases bearing the same duplication had earlier age at onset than those with C9ORF72 and ATXN2 intermediate alleles. No effect was evident in Parkinson's disease (PD) cases without known PD gene mutations. Conclusions We describe the first genetic alteration other than the known intermediate‐range CAG repeats in ATXN2. This 9–base pair duplication may act as an additional hit among carriers of pathological nucleotide expansions in ATXN3 and C9ORF72 with ATXN2 intermediate. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Laffita-Mesa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Neuro Svenningsson, J5:20 Bioclinicum, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Nennesmo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Neuro Svenningsson, J5:20 Bioclinicum, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Paucar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Neuro Svenningsson, J5:20 Bioclinicum, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Neuro Svenningsson, J5:20 Bioclinicum, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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Peng L, Chen Z, Chen T, Lei L, Long Z, Liu M, Deng Q, Yuan H, Zou G, Wan L, Wang C, Peng H, Shi Y, Wang P, Peng Y, Wang S, He L, Xie Y, Tang Z, Wan N, Gong Y, Hou X, Shen L, Xia K, Li J, Chen C, Zhang Z, Qiu R, Tang B, Jiang H. Prediction of the Age at Onset of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 with Machine Learning. Mov Disord 2020; 36:216-224. [PMID: 32991004 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In polyglutamine (polyQ) disease, the investigation of the prediction of a patient's age at onset (AAO) facilitates the development of disease-modifying intervention and underpins the delay of disease onset and progression. Few polyQ disease studies have evaluated AAO predicted by machine-learning algorithms and linear regression methods. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop a machine-learning model for AAO prediction in the largest spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) population from mainland China. METHODS In this observational study, we introduced an innovative approach by systematically comparing the performance of 7 machine-learning algorithms with linear regression to explore AAO prediction in SCA3/MJD using CAG expansions of 10 polyQ-related genes, sex, and parental origin. RESULTS Similar prediction performance of testing set and training set in each models were identified and few overfitting of training data was observed. Overall, the machine-learning-based XGBoost model exhibited the most favorable performance in AAO prediction over the traditional linear regression method and other 6 machine-learning algorithms for the training set and testing set. The optimal XGBoost model achieved mean absolute error, root mean square error, and median absolute error of 5.56, 7.13, 4.15 years, respectively, in testing set 1, with mean absolute error (4.78 years), root mean square error (6.31 years), and median absolute error (3.59 years) in testing set 2. CONCLUSION Machine-learning algorithms can be used to predict AAO in patients with SCA3/MJD. The optimal XGBoost algorithm can provide a good reference for the establishment and optimization of prediction models for SCA3/MJD or other polyQ diseases. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linliu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiankai Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijing Lei
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangdong Zou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huirong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Puzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhichao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuping Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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44
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Du YC, Dong Y, Cheng HL, Li QF, Yang L, Shao YR, Ma Y, Ni W, Gan SR, Wu ZY. Genotype-phenotype correlation in 667 Chinese families with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 78:116-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Lin CC, Ashizawa T, Kuo SH. Collaborative Efforts for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Research in the United States: CRC-SCA and READISCA. Front Neurol 2020; 11:902. [PMID: 32982927 PMCID: PMC7479060 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias are progressive neurodegenerative disorders primarily affecting the cerebellum. Although the first disease-causing gene was identified nearly 30 years ago, there is no known cure to date, and only a few options exist for symptomatic treatment, with modest effects. The recently developed tools in molecular biology, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and antisense oligonucleotides, can directly act on the disease mechanisms at the genomic or RNA level in disease models. In a nutshell, we are finally just one step away from clinical trials with therapies targeting the underlying genetic cause. However, we still face the challenges for rare neurodegenerative diseases: difficulty in obtaining a large cohort size for sufficient statistical power and the need for biomarkers and clinical outcome assessments (COA) with adequate sensitivity to reflect progression or treatment responses. To overcome these obstacles, ataxia experts form research networks for clinical trial readiness. In this review, we retrace our steps of the collaborative efforts among ataxia researchers in the United States over the years to study and treat these relentless disorders and the future directions of such research networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Lin
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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46
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Akçimen F, Martins S, Liao C, Bourassa CV, Catoire H, Nicholson GA, Riess O, Raposo M, França MC, Vasconcelos J, Lima M, Lopes-Cendes I, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Jardim LB, Sequeiros J, Dion PA, Rouleau GA. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic factors that modify age at onset in Machado-Joseph disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4742-4756. [PMID: 32205469 PMCID: PMC7138549 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) is the most common form of dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide. The disorder is caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the ATXN3 gene. Past studies have revealed that the length of the expansion partly explains the disease age at onset (AO) variability of MJD, which is confirmed in this study (Pearson’s correlation coefficient R2 = 0.62). Using a total of 786 MJD patients from five different geographical origins, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify additional AO modifying factors that could explain some of the residual AO variability. We identified nine suggestively associated loci (P < 1 × 10−5). These loci were enriched for genes involved in vesicle transport, olfactory signaling, and synaptic pathways. Furthermore, associations between AO and the TRIM29 and RAG genes suggests that DNA repair mechanisms might be implicated in MJD pathogenesis. Our study demonstrates the existence of several additional genetic factors, along with CAG expansion, that may lead to a better understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation in MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Akçimen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandra Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Calwing Liao
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia V Bourassa
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Catoire
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- University of Sydney, Department of Medicine, Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores e Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcondes C França
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João Vasconcelos
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores e Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil.,Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Depto. de Bioquímica - ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura B Jardim
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Depto de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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47
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Gan SR, Figueroa KP, Xu HL, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann J, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind MD, Xia G, Subramony SH, Rosenthal L, Ashizawa T, Pulst SM, Wang N, Kuo SH. The impact of ethnicity on the clinical presentations of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 72:37-43. [PMID: 32105964 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For a variety of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it is well-established that ethnicity does affect the disease phenotypes. However, how ethnicity contributes to the clinical symptoms and disease progressions in monogenetic disorders, such as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), remains less studied. METHODS We used multivariable linear and logistical regression models in 257 molecularly-confirmed SCA3 patients (66 Caucasians, 43 African Americans, and 148 Asians [composed of 131 Chinese and 17 Asian Americans]) to explore the influence of ethnicity on age at onset (AAO), ataxia severity, and non-ataxia symptoms (i.e. depression, tremor, and dystonia). RESULTS We found that Asians had significantly later AAO, compared to Caucasians (β = 4.75, p = 0.000) and to African Americans (β = 6.64, p = 0.000) after adjusting for the pathological CAG repeat numbers in ATXN3. African Americans exhibited the most severe ataxia as compared to Caucasians (β = 3.81, p = 0.004) and Asians (β = 4.39, p = 0.001) after taking into consideration of the pathological CAG repeat numbers in ATXN3 and disease duration. Caucasians had a higher prevalence of depression than African Americans (β = 1.23, p = 0.040). Ethnicity had no influence on tremor or dystonia. CONCLUSIONS Ethnicity plays an important role in clinical presentations of SCA3 patients, which could merit further clinical studies and public health consideration. These results highlight the role of ethnicity in monogenetic, neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hao-Ling Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liana Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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48
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Variation in DNA Repair System Gene as an Additional Modifier of Age at Onset in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado–Joseph Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:133-138. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Mitchell N, LaTouche GA, Nelson B, Figueroa KP, Walker RH, Sobering AK. Childhood-Onset Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3: Tongue Dystonia as an Early Manifestation. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 9:tre-09-704. [PMID: 31565539 PMCID: PMC6744815 DOI: 10.7916/tohm.v0.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Dystonia is a relatively common feature of spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3). Childhood onset of SCA3 is rare and typically associated with either relatively large, or homozygous, CAG repeat expansions. Case report We describe a 10-year-old girl with SCA3, who presented with tongue dystonia in addition to limb dystonia and gait ataxia due to a heterozygous expansion of 84 repeats in ATXN3. Discussion Diagnosis of the SCAs can be challenging, and even more so in children. Tongue dystonia has not previously been documented in SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nester Mitchell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grenada General Hospital, St. George's, GD
| | - Gaynel A LaTouche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grenada General Hospital, St. George's, GD
| | - Beverly Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grenada General Hospital, St. George's, GD
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Pediatrics, Grenada General Hospital, St. George's, GD
| | - Ruth H Walker
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew K Sobering
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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50
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Prentice MB, Bowman J, Murray DL, Klütsch CFC, Khidas K, Wilson PJ. Evaluating evolutionary history and adaptive differentiation to identify conservation units of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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