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Laoharawee K, Kleinboehl EW, Jensen JD, Peterson JJ, Slipek NJ, Wick BJ, Johnson MJ, Webber BR, Moriarity BS. Engineering Memory T Cells as a platform for Long-Term Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Lysosomal Storage Disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.23.590790. [PMID: 38712248 PMCID: PMC11071424 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Enzymopathy disorders are the result of missing or defective enzymes. Amongst these enzymopathies, mucopolysaccharidosis type I, is a rare genetic lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA), ultimately causes toxic build-up of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). There is currently no cure and standard treatments provide insufficient relief to the skeletal structure and central nervous system (CNS). Human memory T cells (Tm) migrate throughout the body's tissues and can persist for years, making them an attractive approach for cellular-based, systemic enzyme replacement therapy. Here, we tested genetically engineered, IDUA-expressing Tm as a cellular therapy in an immunodeficient mouse model of MPS I. Our results demonstrate that a single dose of engineered Tm leads to detectable IDUA enzyme levels in the blood for up to 22 weeks and reduced urinary GAG excretion. Furthermore, engineered Tm take up residence in nearly all tested tissues, producing IDUA and leading to metabolic correction of GAG levels in the heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, bone marrow, and the CNS. Our study indicates that genetically engineered Tm holds great promise as a platform for cellular-based enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type I and potentially many other enzymopathies and protein deficiencies.
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Catalano F, Vlaar EC, Dammou Z, Katsavelis D, Huizer TF, Zundo G, Hoogeveen-Westerveld M, Oussoren E, van den Hout HJ, Schaaf G, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJ, van der Ploeg AT, Pijnappel WP. Lentiviral Gene Therapy for Mucopolysaccharidosis II with Tagged Iduronate 2-Sulfatase Prevents Life-Threatening Pathology in Peripheral Tissues But Fails to Correct Cartilage. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:256-268. [PMID: 38085235 PMCID: PMC11044872 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) causes Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by systemic accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), leading to a devastating cognitive decline and life-threatening respiratory and cardiac complications. We previously found that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell-mediated lentiviral gene therapy (HSPC-LVGT) employing tagged IDS with insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) or ApoE2, but not receptor-associated protein minimal peptide (RAP12x2), efficiently prevented brain pathology in a murine model of MPS II. In this study, we report on the effects of HSPC-LVGT on peripheral pathology and we analyzed IDS biodistribution. We found that HSPC-LVGT with all vectors completely corrected GAG accumulation and lysosomal pathology in liver, spleen, kidney, tracheal mucosa, and heart valves. Full correction of tunica media of the great heart vessels was achieved only with IDS.IGF2co gene therapy, while the other vectors provided near complete (IDS.ApoE2co) or no (IDSco and IDS.RAP12x2co) correction. In contrast, tracheal, epiphyseal, and articular cartilage remained largely uncorrected by all vectors tested. These efficacies were closely matched by IDS protein levels following HSPC-LVGT. Our results demonstrate the capability of HSPC-LVGT to correct pathology in tissues of high clinical relevance, including those of the heart and respiratory system, while challenges remain for the correction of cartilage pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Catalano
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva C. Vlaar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zina Dammou
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Drosos Katsavelis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa F. Huizer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Zundo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Hoogeveen-Westerveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda Oussoren
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannerieke J.M.P. van den Hout
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Schaaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J.T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ans T. van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W.W.M. Pim Pijnappel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Smith MC, Belur LR, Karlen AD, Erlanson O, Furcich J, Lund TC, Seelig D, Kitto KF, Fairbanks CA, Kim KH, Buss N, McIvor RS. Comparative dose effectiveness of intravenous and intrathecal AAV9.CB7.hIDS, RGX-121, in mucopolysaccharidosis type II mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101201. [PMID: 38374962 PMCID: PMC10875268 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an X-linked recessive lysosomal disease caused by iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) deficiency, leading to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the emergence of progressive disease. Enzyme replacement therapy is the only currently approved treatment, but it leaves neurological disease unaddressed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-directed administration of AAV9.CB7.hIDS (RGX-121) is an alternative treatment strategy, but it is unknown if this approach will affect both neurologic and systemic manifestations. We compared the effectiveness of intrathecal (i.t.) and intravenous (i.v.) routes of administration (ROAs) at a range of vector doses in a mouse model of MPS II. While lower doses were completely ineffective, a total dose of 1 × 109 gc resulted in appreciable IDS activity levels in plasma but not tissues. Total doses of 1 × 1010 and 1 × 1011 gc by either ROA resulted in supraphysiological plasma IDS activity, substantial IDS activity levels and GAG reduction in nearly all tissues, and normalized zygomatic arch diameter. In the brain, a dose of 1 × 1011 gc i.t. achieved the highest IDS activity levels and the greatest reduction in GAG content, and it prevented neurocognitive deficiency. We conclude that a dose of 1 × 1010 gc normalized metabolic and skeletal outcomes, while neurologic improvement required a dose of 1 × 1011 gc, thereby suggesting the prospect of a similar direct benefit in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles C. Smith
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lalitha R. Belur
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrea D. Karlen
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Olivia Erlanson
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Justin Furcich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Troy C. Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Davis Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kelley F. Kitto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Fairbanks
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Nick Buss
- REGENXBIO Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - R. Scott McIvor
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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St Martin T, Seabrook TA, Gall K, Newman J, Avila N, Hayes A, Kivaa M, Lotterhand J, Mercaldi M, Patel K, Rivas IJ, Woodcock S, Wright TL, Seymour AB, Francone OL, Gingras J. Single Systemic Administration of a Gene Therapy Leading to Disease Treatment in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Arsa Knock-Out Mice. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3567-3581. [PMID: 36977578 PMCID: PMC10184740 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1829-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare, inherited, demyelinating lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the arylsulfatase-A gene (ARSA). In patients, levels of functional ARSA enzyme are diminished and lead to deleterious accumulation of sulfatides. Herein, we demonstrate that intravenous administration of HSC15/ARSA restored the endogenous murine biodistribution of the corresponding enzyme, and overexpression of ARSA corrected disease biomarkers and ameliorated motor deficits in Arsa KO mice of either sex. In treated Arsa KO mice, when compared with intravenously administered AAV9/ARSA, significant increases in brain ARSA activity, transcript levels, and vector genomes were observed with HSC15/ARSA Durability of transgene expression was established in neonate and adult mice out to 12 and 52 weeks, respectively. Levels and correlation between changes in biomarkers and ARSA activity required to achieve functional motor benefit was also defined. Finally, we demonstrated blood-nerve, blood-spinal and blood-brain barrier crossing as well as the presence of circulating ARSA enzyme activity in the serum of healthy nonhuman primates of either sex. Together, these findings support the use of intravenous delivery of HSC15/ARSA-mediated gene therapy for the treatment of MLD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Herein, we describe the method of gene therapy adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid and route of administration selection leading to an efficacious gene therapy in a mouse model of metachromatic leukodystrophy. We demonstrate the therapeutic outcome of a new naturally derived clade F AAV capsid (AAVHSC15) in a disease model and the importance of triangulating multiple end points to increase the translation into higher species via ARSA enzyme activity and biodistribution profile (with a focus on the CNS) with that of a key clinically relevant biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jenn Newman
- Homology Medicines, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
| | - Nancy Avila
- Homology Medicines, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
| | - April Hayes
- Homology Medicines, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
| | | | | | | | - Kruti Patel
- Homology Medicines, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
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Smith MC, Belur LR, Karlen AD, Podetz-Pedersen K, Erlanson O, Laoharawee K, Furcich J, Lund TC, You Y, Seelig D, Webber BR, McIvor RS. Generation and characterization of an immunodeficient mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type II. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:107539. [PMID: 37023503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome, MPS II) is an inherited X-linked recessive disease caused by deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), resulting in the accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) heparan and dermatan sulfates. Mouse models of MPS II have been used in several reports to study disease pathology and to conduct preclinical studies for current and next generation therapies. Here, we report the generation and characterization of an immunodeficient mouse model of MPS II, where CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to knock out a portion of the murine IDS gene on the NOD/SCID/Il2rγ (NSG) immunodeficient background. IDS-/- NSG mice lacked detectable IDS activity in plasma and all analyzed tissues and exhibited elevated levels of GAGs in those same tissues and in the urine. Histopathology revealed vacuolized cells in both the periphery and CNS of NSG-MPS II mice. This model recapitulates skeletal disease manifestations, such as increased zygomatic arch diameter and decreased femur length. Neurocognitive deficits in spatial memory and learning were also observed in the NSG-MPS II model. We anticipate that this new immunodeficient model will be appropriate for preclinical studies involving xenotransplantation of human cell products intended for the treatment of MPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles C Smith
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lalitha R Belur
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Andrea D Karlen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelly Podetz-Pedersen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Olivia Erlanson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kanut Laoharawee
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Justin Furcich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Troy C Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Yun You
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Davis Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Beau R Webber
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - R Scott McIvor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Ren H, Xia X, Dai X, Dai Y. The role of neuroplastin65 in macrophage against E. coli infection in mice. Mol Immunol 2022; 150:78-89. [PMID: 36007354 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune response constitutes the first line of defense against pathogens. Inflammatory responses involve close contact between different populations of cells. These adhesive interactions mediate migration of cells to sites of infection leading the effective action of cells within the lesions. Cell adhesion molecules are critical to controlling immune response mediating cell adhesion or chemotaxis, as well as coordinating actin-based cell motility during phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Recently, a newly discovered neuroplastin (Np) adhesion molecule is found to play an important role in the nervous system. However, there is limited information on Np functions in immune response. To understand how Np is involved in innate immune response, a mouse model of intraperitoneal infection was established to investigate the effect of Np on macrophage-mediated clearance of E. coli infection and its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS Specific deficiency mice with Nptn gene controlling Np65 isoform were employed in this study. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins were detected by qPCR and western blot, or evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression level of NO and ROS were measured with their specific indicators. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by specific detection kits. Acid phosphatase activity was measured by flow cytometry after labelling with LysoRed fluorescent probe. Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated from bone marrow of mice hind legs. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay. Cell migration was measured by wound healing assay or transwell assay. RESULTS The lethal dose of E. coli infection in Np65-/- mice dropped to the half of lethal dose in WT mice. The bacterial load in the spleen, kidney and liver from Np65-/- mice were significantly higher than that from WT mice, which were due to the dramatic reduction of NO and ROS production in phagocytes from Np65-/- mice. Np65 gene deficiency remarkably impaired phagocytosis and function of lysosome in macrophage. Furthermore, Np65 molecule was involved in maturation and proliferation, even in migration and chemotaxis of BMDM in vitro. CONCLUSION This study for the first time demonstrates that Np is involved in multi-function of phagocytes during bacterial infection, proposing that Np adhesion molecule plays a critical role in clearing pathogen infection in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ren
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xia
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xueting Dai
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Dai
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Morimoto H, Morioka H, Imakiire A, Yamamoto R, Hirato T, Sonoda H, Minami K. Dose-dependent effects of a brain-penetrating iduronate-2-sulfatase on neurobehavioral impairments in mucopolysaccharidosis II mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:534-544. [PMID: 35662814 PMCID: PMC9142692 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of heparan sulfate (HS) in the brain of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) is believed to be the leading cause of neurodegeneration, resulting in several neurological signs and symptoms, including neurocognitive impairment. We recently showed that pabinafusp alfa, a blood-brain-barrier-penetrating fusion protein consisting of iduronate-2-sulfatase and anti-human transferrin receptor antibody, stabilized learning ability by preventing the deposition of HS in the CNS of MPS II mice. We further examined the dose-dependent effect of pabinafusp alfa on neurological function in relation to its HS-reducing efficacy in a mouse model of MPS II. Long-term intravenous treatment with low (0.1 mg/kg), middle (0.5 mg/kg), and high (2.0 mg/kg) doses of the drug dose-dependently decreased HS concentration in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A comparable dose-dependent effect in the prevention of neuronal damage in the CNS, and dose-dependent improvements in neurobehavioral performance tests, such as gait analysis, pole test, Y maze, and Morris water maze, were also observed. Notably, the water maze test performance was inversely correlated with the HS levels in the brain and CSF. This study provides nonclinical evidence substantiating a quantitative dose-dependent relationship between HS reduction in the CNS and neurological improvements in MPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Morimoto
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Hiroki Morioka
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imakiire
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamamoto
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Tohru Hirato
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sonoda
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Minami
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
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Gottschalk G, Peterson D, Knox K, Maynard M, Whelan RJ, Roy A. Elevated ATG13 in serum of patients with ME/CFS stimulates oxidative stress response in microglial cells via activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 120:103731. [PMID: 35487443 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, also known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), is a multisystem illness characterized by extreme muscle fatigue associated with pain, neurocognitive impairment, and chronic inflammation. Despite intense investigation, the molecular mechanism of this disease is still unknown. Here we demonstrate that autophagy-related protein ATG13 is strongly upregulated in the serum of ME/CFS patients, indicative of impairment in the metabolic events of autophagy. A Thioflavin T-based protein aggregation assay, array screening for autophagy-related factors, densitometric analyses, and confirmation with ELISA revealed that the level of ATG13 was strongly elevated in serum samples of ME/CFS patients compared to age-matched controls. Moreover, our microglia-based oxidative stress response experiments indicated that serum samples of ME/CFS patients evoke the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide in human HMC3 microglial cells, whereas neutralization of ATG13 strongly diminishes the production of ROS and NO, suggesting that ATG13 plays a role in the observed stress response in microglial cells. Finally, an in vitro ligand binding assay provided evidence that ATG13 employs the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) to stimulate ROS in microglial cells. Collectively, our results suggest that an impairment of autophagy following the release of ATG13 into serum could be a pathological signal in ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Gottschalk
- Simmaron Research Institute, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, United States of America; Simmaron R&D lab, Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Daniel Peterson
- Simmaron Research Institute, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, United States of America
| | - Konstance Knox
- Coppe Laboratories, W229N1870 Westwood Dr, Waukesha, WI 53186., United States of America
| | - Marco Maynard
- Simmaron R&D lab, Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Ryan J Whelan
- Simmaron R&D lab, Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Avik Roy
- Simmaron Research Institute, 948 Incline Way, Incline Village, NV 89451, United States of America; Simmaron R&D lab, Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States of America.
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Jarzina S, Di Fiore S, Ellinger B, Reiser P, Frank S, Glaser M, Wu J, Taverne FJ, Kramer NI, Mally A. Application of the Adverse Outcome Pathway Concept to In Vitro Nephrotoxicity Assessment: Kidney Injury due to Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Lysosomal Overload as a Case Study. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:864441. [PMID: 35516525 PMCID: PMC9061999 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.864441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of adverse outcome pathways (AOP) and integration of quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) may support the paradigm shift in toxicity testing to move from apical endpoints in test animals to more mechanism-based in vitro assays. Here, we developed an AOP of proximal tubule injury linking a molecular initiating event (MIE) to a cascade of key events (KEs) leading to lysosomal overload and ultimately to cell death. This AOP was used as a case study to adopt the AOP concept for systemic toxicity testing and risk assessment based on in vitro data. In this AOP, nephrotoxicity is thought to result from receptor-mediated endocytosis (MIE) of the chemical stressor, disturbance of lysosomal function (KE1), and lysosomal disruption (KE2) associated with release of reactive oxygen species and cytotoxic lysosomal enzymes that induce cell death (KE3). Based on this mechanistic framework, in vitro readouts reflecting each KE were identified. Utilizing polymyxin antibiotics as chemical stressors for this AOP, the dose-response for each in vitro endpoint was recorded in proximal tubule cells from rat (NRK-52E) and human (RPTEC/TERT1) in order to (1) experimentally support the sequence of key events (KEs), to (2) establish quantitative relationships between KEs as a basis for prediction of downstream KEs based on in vitro data reflecting early KEs and to (3) derive suitable in vitro points of departure for human risk assessment. Time-resolved analysis was used to support the temporal sequence of events within this AOP. Quantitative response-response relationships between KEs established from in vitro data on polymyxin B were successfully used to predict in vitro toxicity of other polymyxin derivatives. Finally, a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model was utilized to transform in vitro effect concentrations to a human equivalent dose for polymyxin B. The predicted in vivo effective doses were in the range of therapeutic doses known to be associated with a risk for nephrotoxicity. Taken together, these data provide proof-of-concept for the feasibility of in vitro based risk assessment through integration of mechanistic endpoints and reverse toxicokinetic modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Di Fiore
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Division Molecular Biotechnology Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ellinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Division Translational Medicine, ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pia Reiser
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Frank
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glaser
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jiaqing Wu
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Toxicology Division, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Femke J. Taverne
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Host-microbe Interactions, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nynke I. Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Toxicology Division, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Angela Mally,
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10
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Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of α-L-iduronidase, leads to storage of the glycosaminoglycans, dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. Available therapies include enzyme replacement and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In the last two decades, newborn screening (NBS) has focused on early identification of the disorder, allowing early intervention and avoiding irreversible manifestations. Techniques developed and optimized for MPS I NBS include tandem mass-spectrometry, digital microfluidics, and glycosaminoglycan quantification. Several pilot studies have been conducted and screening programs have been implemented worldwide. NBS for MPS I has been established in Taiwan, the United States, Brazil, Mexico, and several European countries. All these programs measure α-L-iduronidase enzyme activity in dried blood spots, although there are differences in the analytical strategies employed. Screening algorithms based on published studies are discussed. However, some limitations remain: one is the high rate of false-positive results due to frequent pseudodeficiency alleles, which has been partially solved using post-analytical tools and second-tier tests; another involves the management of infants with late-onset forms or variants of uncertain significance. Nonetheless, the risk-benefit ratio is favorable. Furthermore, long-term follow-up of patients detected by neonatal screening will improve our knowledge of the natural history of the disease and inform better management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto B Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gragnaniello
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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11
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Yamamoto R, Kawashima S. [Pharmacological property, mechanism of action and clinical study results of Pabinafusp Alfa (Genetical Recombination) (IZCARGO ® I.V. Infusion 10 mg) as the therapeutic for Mucopolysaccharidosis type-II (Hunter syndrome)]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2022; 157:62-75. [PMID: 34980815 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disease with the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in tissues and organs throughout the body caused by dysfunction or loss of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), resulting in somatic and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human IDS is the current first-line therapy for MPS II, it is not effective for the CNS because intravenously administered enzyme cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thereby does not reach the brain parenchyma. Pabinafusp alfa, approved in March 2021 in Japan, is a recombinant fusion protein composed of human IDS and humanized anti-human transferrin receptor (hTfR) antibody, utilizing the BBB-penetrating technology "J-Brain Cargo®" established by JCR Pharmaceuticals. Nonclinical studies showed that pabinafusp alfa was distributed in the brain of hTfR knock-in mice and monkeys after intravenous administration, and dose-dependently decreased heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan deposited in major organs including the brain of MPS II mice. Pabinafusp alfa also suppressed neurodegeneration in cerebellum and hippocampus, leading to the maintenance of spatial learning ability. Phase II/III clinical study conducted in Japan showed that pabinafusp alfa decreased HS concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid, which serves as an efficacy biomarker for central nervous symptoms, and improved or stabilized the developmental age of the patients. Moreover, pabinafusp alfa exerted comparable effects to current ERT in terms of improvement of somatic manifestations. Therefore, pabinafusp alfa is a promising therapeutic option as a BBB-penetrating enzyme for the treatment of patients with neuronopathic MPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Yamamoto
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Unit, Drug Discovery Research Institute, Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd
| | - Satoshi Kawashima
- Planning Department, Development Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd
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12
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Zhu F, Miao Y, Cheng M, Ye X, Chen A, Zheng G, Tian X. The CACNA1A Mutant Disrupts Lysosome Calcium Homeostasis in Cerebellar Neurons and the Resulting Endo-Lysosomal Fusion Defect Can be Improved by Calcium Modulation. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:249-263. [PMID: 34476720 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in P/Q type voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC) lead severe human neurological diseases such as episodic ataxia 2, familial hemiplegic migraine 1, absence epilepsy, progressive ataxia and spinocerebellar ataxia 6. The pathogenesis of these diseases remains unclear. Mice with spontaneous mutation in the Cacna1a gene encoding the pore-forming subunit of P/Q type VGCC also exhibit ataxia, epilepsy and neurodegeneration. Based on the previous work showing that the P/Q type VGCC in neurons regulates lysosomal fusion through its calcium channel activity on lysosomes, we utilized CACNA1A mutant mice to further investigate the mechanism by which P/Q-type VGCCs regulate lysosomal function and neuronal homeostasis. We found CACNA1A mutant neurons have reduced lysosomal calcium storage without changing the resting calcium concentration in cytoplasm and the acidification of lysosomes. Immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy reveal axonal degeneration due to lysosome dysfunction in the CACNA1A mutant cerebella. The calcium modulating drug thapsigargin, by depleting the ER calcium store, which locally increases the calcium concentration can alleviate the defective lysosomal fusion in mutant neurons. We propose a model that in cerebellar neurons, P/Q-type VGCC maintains the integrity of the nervous system by regulating lysosomal calcium homeostasis to affect lysosomal fusion, which in turn regulates multiple important cellular processes such as autophagy and endocytosis. This study helps us to better understand the pathogenesis of P/Q-type VGCC related neurodegenerative diseases and provides a feasible direction for future pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yunping Miao
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xiaodi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Aiying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Gaoli Zheng
- National Zhejiang Center for Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xuejun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China. .,Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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13
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Zhang X, Wei M, Fan J, Yan W, Zha X, Song H, Wan R, Yin Y, Wang W. Ischemia-induced upregulation of autophagy preludes dysfunctional lysosomal storage and associated synaptic impairments in neurons. Autophagy 2021; 17:1519-1542. [PMID: 33111641 PMCID: PMC8205014 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1840796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is vital for neuronal homeostasis and functions. Accumulating evidence suggest that autophagy is impaired during cerebral ischemia, contributing to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. However, the outcomes after transient modification in autophagy machinery are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of ischemic stress on autophagy and synaptic structures using a rat model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in hippocampal neurons and a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Upon acute ischemia, an initial autophagy modification occurred in an upregulation manner. Following, the number of lysosomes increased, as well as lysosomal volume, indicating dysfunctional lysosomal storage. These changes were prevented by inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment or ATG7 (autophagy related 7) knockdown, or were mimicked by rapamycin (RAPA), a known activator of autophagy. This suggests that dysfunctional lysosomal storage is associated with the early burst of autophagy. Dysfunctional lysosomal storage contributed to autophagy dysfunction because the basal level of MTOR-dependent lysosomal biogenesis in the reperfusion was not sufficient to clear undegraded cargoes after transient autophagy upregulation. Further investigation revealed that impairment of synaptic ultra-structures, accompanied by dysfunctional lysosomal storage, may result from a failure in dynamic turnover of synaptic proteins. This indicates a vital role of autophagy-lysosomal machinery in the maintenance of synaptic structures. This study supports previous evidence that dysfunctional lysosomal storage may occur following the upregulation of autophagy in neurons. Appropriate autophagosome-lysosomal functioning is vital for maintenance of neuronal synaptic function and impacts more than the few known synaptic proteins.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; AD: Alzheimer disease; ALR: autophagic lysosome reformation; ATG7: autophagy related 7; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GO: Gene Ontology; HBSS: Hanks' balanced salt solution; HPCA: hippocalcin; i.c.v: intracerebroventricular; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; LSDs: lysosomal storage disorders; MAP2: microtubule-associated protein 2; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; mCTSB: mature CTSB; mCTSD: mature CTSD; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PRKAA/AMPKα: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; proCTSD: pro-cathepsin D; RAPA: rapamycin; RNA-seq: RNA sequencing; RPS6KB/p70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SIM: Structured Illumination Microscopy; SNAP25: synaptosomal-associated protein 25; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SYN1: synapsin I; SYT1: synaptotagmin I; TBST: tris-buffered saline Tween-20; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFEB: transcription factor EB; tMCAO: transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; TTC: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride; TUBB3: tubulin, beta 3 class III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mengping Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weijie Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Zha
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huimeng Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rongqi Wan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanling Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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14
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Griñán-Ferré C, Companys-Alemany J, Jarné-Ferrer J, Codony S, González-Castillo C, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Vilageliu L, Grinberg D, Vázquez S, Pallàs M. Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Ameliorates Phenotype and Cognitive Abilities in a Murine Model of Niemann Pick Type C Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3409. [PMID: 33810307 PMCID: PMC8036710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare autosomal recessive inherited childhood neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, involving the autophagy-lysosome system. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that metabolizes epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) to 12-diols, exerts beneficial effects in modulating inflammation and autophagy, critical features of the NPC disease. This study aims to evaluate the effects of UB-EV-52, an sEH inhibitor (sEHi), in an NPC mouse model (Npc) by administering it for 4 weeks (5 mg/kg/day). Behavioral and cognitive tests (open-field test (OF)), elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition test (NORT) and object location test (OLT) demonstrated that the treatment produced an improvement in short- and long-term memory as well as in spatial memory. Furthermore, UB-EV-52 treatment increased body weight and lifespan by 25% and reduced gene expression of the inflammatory markers (i.e., Il-1β and Mcp1) and enhanced oxidative stress (OS) markers (iNOS and Hmox1) in the treated Npc mice group. As for autophagic markers, surprisingly, we found significantly reduced levels of LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio and significantly reduced brain protein levels of lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) in treated Npc mice group compared to untreated ones in hippocampal tissue. Lipid profile analysis showed a significant reduction of lipid storage in the liver and some slight changes in homogenated brain tissue in the treated NPC mice compared to the untreated groups. Therefore, our results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of sEH ameliorates most of the characteristic features of NPC mice, demonstrating that sEH can be considered a potential therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (J.C.-A.); (J.J.-F.)
| | - Júlia Companys-Alemany
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (J.C.-A.); (J.J.-F.)
| | - Júlia Jarné-Ferrer
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (J.C.-A.); (J.J.-F.)
| | - Sandra Codony
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC, Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Celia González-Castillo
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, 45201 Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico;
| | - Lluïsa Vilageliu
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.); (D.G.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB)-Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.V.); (D.G.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB)-Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC, Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (J.C.-A.); (J.J.-F.)
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15
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Iwan K, Clayton R, Mills P, Csanyi B, Gissen P, Mole SE, Palmer DN, Mills K, Heywood WE. Urine proteomics analysis of patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. iScience 2021; 24:102020. [PMID: 33532713 PMCID: PMC7822952 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of 13 rare neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of cellular storage bodies. There are few therapeutic options, and existing tests do not monitor disease progression and treatment response. However, urine biomarkers could address this need. Proteomic analysis of CLN2 patient urine revealed activation of immune response pathways and pathways associated with the unfolded protein response. Analysis of CLN5 and CLN6 sheep model urine showed subtle changes. To confirm and investigate the relevance of candidate biomarkers a targeted LC-MS/MS proteomic assay was created. We applied this assay to additional CLN2 samples as well as other patients with NCL (CLN1, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, and CLN7) and demonstrated that hexosaminidase-A, aspartate aminotransferase-1, and LAMP1 are increased in NCL samples and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase-1 was specifically increased in patients with CLN2. These proteins could be used to monitor the effectiveness of future therapies aimed at treating systemic NCL disease. The urine proteome is altered in humans and animals with NCL Hexosaminidase A and LAMP1 are increased in patients with NCL Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 is elevated in CLN2 patients Proteins altered in CLN5 and CLN6 sheep models are not affected in humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Iwan
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Robert Clayton
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philippa Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Gissen
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Sara E Mole
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David N Palmer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty, University Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
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16
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Morimoto H, Kida S, Yoden E, Kinoshita M, Tanaka N, Yamamoto R, Koshimura Y, Takagi H, Takahashi K, Hirato T, Minami K, Sonoda H. Clearance of heparan sulfate in the brain prevents neurodegeneration and neurocognitive impairment in MPS II mice. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1853-1861. [PMID: 33508431 PMCID: PMC8116601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II), a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), is characterized by a wide variety of somatic and neurologic symptoms. The currently approved intravenous enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant IDS (idursulfase) is ineffective for CNS manifestations due to its inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we demonstrate that the clearance of heparan sulfate (HS) deposited in the brain by a BBB-penetrable antibody-enzyme fusion protein prevents neurodegeneration and neurocognitive dysfunctions in MPS II mice. The fusion protein pabinafusp alfa was chronically administered intravenously to MPS II mice. The drug reduced HS and attenuated histopathological changes in the brain, as well as in peripheral tissues. The loss of spatial learning abilities was completely suppressed by pabinafusp alfa, but not by idursulfase, indicating an association between HS deposition in the brain, neurodegeneration, and CNS manifestations in these mice. Furthermore, HS concentrations in the brain and reduction thereof by pabinafusp alpha correlated with those in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, repeated intravenous administration of pabinafusp alfa to MPS II mice decreased HS deposition in the brain, leading to prevention of neurodegeneration and maintenance of neurocognitive function, which may be predicted from HS concentrations in CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Morimoto
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Sachiho Kida
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Eiji Yoden
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kinoshita
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Noboru Tanaka
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamamoto
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Yuri Koshimura
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Haruna Takagi
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takahashi
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Tohru Hirato
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Minami
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sonoda
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan.
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17
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Chen N, Tang X, Ye Z, Wang S, Xiao X. Methylmercury disrupts autophagic flux by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion in mouse germ cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110667. [PMID: 32339925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an extremely toxic environmental pollutant that can cause serious male reproductive developmental dysplasia in humans and animals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MeHg-induced male reproductive injury are not fully clear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether mitophagy and lysosome dysfunction contribute to MeHg-induced apoptosis of germ cell and to determine the potential mechanism. First, we confirmed the exposure of GC2-spd cells to mercury. In GC2-spd cells (a mouse spermatocyte cell line), we found that MeHg treatment led to an obvious increase of cell apoptosis accompanied by a marked rise of LC3-II expression and an elevated number of autophagosomes. These results were associated with the induction of oxidative stress and mitophagy. Interestingly, we found that MeHg did not promote but prevented autophagosome-lysosome fusion by impairing the lysosome function. Furthermore, as a lysosome inhibitor, chloroquine pre-treatment obviously enhanced LC3-II expression and mitophagy formation in MeHg-treated cells. This further proved that the induction of mitophagy and the injury of the lysosome played an important role in the GC2-spd cell apoptosis induced by MeHg. Our findings indicate that MeHg caused apoptosis in the GC2-spd cells, which were dependent on oxidative stress-mediated mitophagy and the lysosome damaging-mediated inhibition of autophagic flux induced by MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Safety and Quality, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Xianjin Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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18
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Blumenreich S, Barav OB, Jenkins BJ, Futerman AH. Lysosomal Storage Disorders Shed Light on Lysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144966. [PMID: 32674335 PMCID: PMC7404170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosome is a central player in the cell, acting as a clearing house for macromolecular degradation, but also plays a critical role in a variety of additional metabolic and regulatory processes. The lysosome has recently attracted the attention of neurobiologists and neurologists since a number of neurological diseases involve a lysosomal component. Among these is Parkinson’s disease (PD). While heterozygous and homozygous mutations in GBA1 are the highest genetic risk factor for PD, studies performed over the past decade have suggested that lysosomal loss of function is likely involved in PD pathology, since a significant percent of PD patients have a mutation in one or more genes that cause a lysosomal storage disease (LSD). Although the mechanistic connection between the lysosome and PD remains somewhat enigmatic, significant evidence is accumulating that lysosomal dysfunction plays a central role in PD pathophysiology. Thus, lysosomal dysfunction, resulting from mutations in lysosomal genes, may enhance the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain, which may result in the earlier development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Blumenreich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
| | - Or B. Barav
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
| | - Bethan J. Jenkins
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (S.B.); (O.B.B.); (B.J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-9342704; Fax: +972-8-9344112
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19
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Niemir N, Rouvière L, Besse A, Vanier MT, Dmytrus J, Marais T, Astord S, Puech JP, Panasyuk G, Cooper JD, Barkats M, Caillaud C. Intravenous administration of scAAV9-Hexb normalizes lifespan and prevents pathology in Sandhoff disease mice. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:954-968. [PMID: 29325092 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a rare inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of β-hexosaminidase activity which is fatal because no effective treatment is available. A mouse model of Hexb deficiency reproduces the key pathognomonic features of SD patients with severe ubiquitous lysosomal dysfunction, GM2 accumulation, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, culminating in death at 4 months. Here, we show that a single intravenous neonatal administration of a self-complementary adeno-associated virus 9 vector (scAAV9) expressing the Hexb cDNA in SD mice is safe and sufficient to prevent disease development. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that this treatment results in a normal lifespan (over 700 days) and normalizes motor function assessed by a battery of behavioral tests, with scAAV9-treated SD mice being indistinguishable from wild-type littermates. Biochemical analyses in multiple tissues showed a significant increase in hexosaminidase A activity, which reached 10-15% of normal levels. AAV9 treatment was sufficient to prevent GM2 and GA2 storage almost completely in the cerebrum (less so in the cerebellum), as well as thalamic reactive gliosis and thalamocortical neuron loss in treated Hexb-/- mice. In summary, this study demonstrated a widespread protective effect throughout the entire CNS after a single intravenous administration of the scAAV9-Hexb vector to neonatal SD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Niemir
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laura Rouvière
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Besse
- Centre of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Marie T Vanier
- INSERM U820, Université de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon 69372, France
| | - Jasmin Dmytrus
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Thibaut Marais
- Centre of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Stéphanie Astord
- Centre of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Puech
- Service de Biochimie, Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ganna Panasyuk
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan D Cooper
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RX, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Martine Barkats
- Centre of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Catherine Caillaud
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Biochimie, Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75015, France
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20
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Liu Y, Chen D, Chen X, Kam WR, Hatton MP, Sullivan DA. Hypoxia: A breath of fresh air for the meibomian gland. Ocul Surf 2018; 17:310-317. [PMID: 30528291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optimal meibomian gland (MG) function is critically important for the health and wellbeing of the ocular surface. We hypothesize that low oxygen (O2) conditions promote the function of human MG epithelial cells (HMGECs) and that human MGs exist in a relatively hypoxic environment. The purpose of this study was to test our hypotheses. METHODS We used human and mouse eyelid segments, and immortalized human MG epithelial cells (IHMGECs) in our studies. To evaluate oxygen (O2) levels in the mouse MG and vicinity, we injected pimonidazole (pimo), a hypoxia marker, before sacrifice. Human eyelid samples were stained with the hypoxia marker glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1). To determine the effect of low O2 levels on IHMGECs, we cultured cells under proliferating and differentiating conditions in both normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (3% O2) conditions for 5-15 days. IHMGECs were evaluated for cell number, neutral lipid content, lysosome accumulation, expression of biomarker proteins and DNase II activity. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that human and mouse MGs, but not the surrounding connective tissue, exist in a relatively hypoxic environment in vivo. In addition, our findings show that hypoxia does not influence IHMGEC numbers in basal or proliferating culture conditions, but does stimulate the expression of SREBP-1 in differentiating IHMGECs. Hypoxia also significantly increased DNase II activity, and apparently IHMGEC terminal differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our Results support our hypotheses, and indicate that relative hypoxia promotes MG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA.
| | - Di Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wendy R Kam
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA
| | - Mark P Hatton
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA; Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, Boston, 02114, USA
| | - David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA
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21
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Wright T, Li A, Lotterhand J, Graham AR, Huang Y, Avila N, Pan J. Nonclinical comparability studies of recombinant human arylsulfatase A addressing manufacturing process changes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195186. [PMID: 29672630 PMCID: PMC5908175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human arylsulfatase A (rhASA) is in clinical development for the treatment of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). Manufacturing process changes were introduced to improve robustness and efficiency, resulting in higher levels of mannose-6-phosphate and sialic acid in post-change (process B) compared with pre-change (process A) rhASA. A nonclinical comparability program was conducted to compare process A and process B rhASA. All doses were administered intrathecally. Pharmacodynamic comparability was evaluated in immunotolerant MLD mice, using immunohistochemical staining of lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1). Pharmacokinetic comparability was assessed in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys dosed once with 6.0 mg (equivalent to 100 mg/kg of brain weight) process A or process B rhASA. Biodistribution was compared by quantitative whole-body autoradiography in rats. Potential toxicity of process B rhASA was evaluated by repeated rhASA administration at doses of 18.6 mg in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys. The specific activities for process A and process B rhASA were 89 U/mg and 106 U/mg, respectively, which were both well within the target range for the assay. Pharmacodynamic assessments showed no statistically significant differences in LAMP-1 immunohistochemical staining in the spinal cord and in most of the brain areas assessed between process A and B rhASA-dosed mice. LAMP-1 staining was reduced with both process A and B rhASA compared with vehicle, supporting its activity. Concentration–time curves in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of cynomolgus monkeys were similar with process A and B rhASA. Process A and B rhASA were similar in terms of their pharmacokinetic parameters and biodistribution data. No process B rhASA-related toxicity was detected. In conclusion, manufacturing process changes did not affect the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic or safety profiles of process B rhASA relative to process A rhASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Wright
- Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Aiqun Li
- Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Yan Huang
- Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nancy Avila
- Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jing Pan
- Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts, United States of America
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22
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Genetic wiring maps of single-cell protein states reveal an off-switch for GPCR signalling. Nature 2017; 546:307-311. [DOI: 10.1038/nature22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Di A, Kiya T, Gong H, Gao X, Malik AB. Role of the phagosomal redox-sensitive TRP channel TRPM2 in regulating bactericidal activity of macrophages. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:735-744. [PMID: 28082421 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidification of macrophage phagosomes serves an important bactericidal function. We show here that the redox-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel TRPM2 is expressed in the phagosomal membrane and regulates macrophage bactericidal activity through the activation of phagosomal acidification. Measurement of the TRPM2 current in phagosomes identified TRPM2 as a functional redox-sensitive cation channel localized in the phagosomal membrane. Simultaneous measurements of phagosomal Ca2+ changes and phagosome acidification in macrophages undergoing phagocytosis demonstrated that TRPM2 was required to mediate the efflux of cations and for phagosomal acidification during the process of phagosome maturation. Acidification in phagosomes was significantly reduced in macrophages isolated from Trpm2-/- mice as compared to wild type, and acidification was coupled to reduced bacterial clearance in Trpm2-/- mice. Trpm2+/+ macrophages treated with the vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin showed reduced bacterial clearance, similar to that in Trpm2-/- macrophages. Direct activation of TRPM2 using adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) induced both phagosomal acidification and bacterial killing. These data collectively demonstrate that TRPM2 regulates phagosomal acidification, and is essential for the bacterial killing function of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Di
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kiya
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Haixia Gong
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiaopei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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24
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Aldrich A, Bosch ME, Fallet R, Odvody J, Burkovetskaya M, Rama Rao KV, Cooper JD, Drack AV, Kielian T. Efficacy of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors in juvenile Batten disease (CLN3). Ann Neurol 2016; 80:909-923. [PMID: 27804148 PMCID: PMC5215570 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), or juvenile Batten disease, is a pediatric lysosomal storage disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in CLN3, typified by blindness, seizures, progressive cognitive and motor decline, and premature death. Currently, there is no treatment for JNCL that slows disease progression, which highlights the need to explore novel strategies to extend the survival and quality of life of afflicted children. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger with pleiotropic effects, including regulating neuroinflammation and neuronal survival. Here we investigated whether 3 phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors (rolipram, roflumilast, and PF-06266047) could mitigate behavioral deficits and cell-specific pathology in the Cln3Δex7/8 mouse model of JNCL. METHODS In a randomized, blinded study, wild-type (WT) and Cln3Δex7/8 mice received PDE4 inhibitors daily beginning at 1 or 3 months of age and continuing for 6 to 9 months, with motor deficits assessed by accelerating rotarod testing. The effect of PDE4 inhibitors on cAMP levels, astrocyte and microglial activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein and CD68, respectively), lysosomal pathology (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1), and astrocyte glutamate transporter expression (glutamate/aspartate transporter) were also examined in WT and Cln3Δex7/8 animals. RESULTS cAMP levels were significantly reduced in the Cln3Δex7/8 brain, and were restored by PF-06266047. PDE4 inhibitors significantly improved motor function in Cln3Δex7/8 mice, attenuated glial activation and lysosomal pathology, and restored glutamate transporter expression to levels observed in WT animals, with no evidence of toxicity as revealed by blood chemistry analysis. INTERPRETATION These studies reveal neuroprotective effects for PDE4 inhibitors in Cln3Δex7/8 mice and support their therapeutic potential in JNCL patients. Ann Neurol 2016;80:909-923.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Aldrich
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Megan E Bosch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Rachel Fallet
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Jessica Odvody
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Maria Burkovetskaya
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Jonathan D Cooper
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Arlene V Drack
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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25
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Garrity AG, Wang W, Collier CM, Levey SA, Gao Q, Xu H. The endoplasmic reticulum, not the pH gradient, drives calcium refilling of lysosomes. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27213518 PMCID: PMC4909396 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired homeostasis of lysosomal Ca2+ causes lysosome dysfunction and lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), but the mechanisms by which lysosomes acquire and refill Ca2+ are not known. We developed a physiological assay to monitor lysosomal Ca2+ store refilling using specific activators of lysosomal Ca2+ channels to repeatedly induce lysosomal Ca2+ release. In contrast to the prevailing view that lysosomal acidification drives Ca2+ into the lysosome, inhibiting the V-ATPase H+ pump did not prevent Ca2+ refilling. Instead, pharmacological depletion or chelation of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Ca2+ prevented lysosomal Ca2+ stores from refilling. More specifically, antagonists of ER IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) rapidly and completely blocked Ca2+ refilling of lysosomes, but not in cells lacking IP3Rs. Furthermore, reducing ER Ca2+ or blocking IP3Rs caused a dramatic LSD-like lysosome storage phenotype. By closely apposing each other, the ER may serve as a direct and primary source of Ca2+for the lysosome. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15887.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G Garrity
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Crystal Md Collier
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Sara A Levey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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26
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Matern D, Gavrilov D, Oglesbee D, Raymond K, Rinaldo P, Tortorelli S. Newborn screening for lysosomal storage disorders. Semin Perinatol 2015; 39:206-16. [PMID: 25891428 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Every newborn in the U.S. is screened for at least 29 disorders, where evidence suggests that early detection is possible and beneficial. With new or improved treatment options and development of high-throughput screening tests, additional conditions have been proposed for inclusion in newborn screening programs. Among those are several lysosomal storage disorders that have been evaluated in limited pilot studies or that are already included in a few national or international newborn screening programs. These conditions include Pompe disease, Niemann-Pick type A/B disease, Fabry disease, Krabbe disease, Mucopolysaccharidoses types I and II, and Gaucher disease. Here, we review the current state of newborn screening for these lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Matern
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
| | - Dimitar Gavrilov
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Piero Rinaldo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Silvia Tortorelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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27
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Loss of glucocerebrosidase 1 activity causes lysosomal dysfunction and α-synuclein aggregation. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e153. [PMID: 25813221 PMCID: PMC4351412 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal dysfunction is a common pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. GTP-binding protein type A1 (GBA1) encodes β-glucocerebrosidase 1 (GCase 1), a lysosomal hydrolase. Homozygous mutations in GBA1 cause Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disease, while heterozygous mutations are strong risk factors for Parkinson's disease. However, whether loss of GCase 1 activity is sufficient for lysosomal dysfunction has not been clearly determined. Here, we generated human neuroblastoma cell lines with nonsense mutations in the GBA1 gene using zinc-finger nucleases. Depending on the site of mutation, GCase 1 activity was lost or maintained. The cell line with GCase 1 deficiency showed indications of lysosomal dysfunction, such as accumulation of lysosomal substrates, reduced dextran degradation and accumulation of enlarged vacuolar structures. In contrast, the cell line with C-terminal truncation of GCase 1 but with intact GCase 1 activity showed normal lysosomal function. When α-synuclein was overexpressed, accumulation and secretion of insoluble aggregates increased in cells with GCase 1 deficiency but did not change in mutant cells with normal GCase 1 activity. These results demonstrate that loss of GCase 1 activity is sufficient to cause lysosomal dysfunction and accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates.
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28
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Santos DC, da Silva Garcia C, de Andrade CV, Daitx VV, da Costa Moraes V, Rohden F, Coelho JC. Effect of u18666a on beta-glucosidase, sphingomyelinase, and beta-galactosidase activities in astrocytes of young rats. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:215-22. [PMID: 25688009 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by accumulation of lipids, especially cholesterol, in the perinuclear space. U18666A is a cholesterol transport-inhibiting agent, being used to mimic NPC, mainly in fibroblasts. The objective of this study was to observe the effect of the drug U18666A, which causes the accumulation of cholesterol in the cytoplasm of astrocytes from newborn rats, on some lysosomal hydrolase activities. Filipin staining and fluorescence microscopy, through CellM software, were used for visualization and quantification of cholesterol. The dose of U18666A that provided the greatest accumulation of cholesterol was that of 0.25 µg/mL in incubation for 48 h. Primary rat astrocytes incubated with the drug (NPC) showed a significantly higher amount of cholesterol than those without U18666A (controls). The measurement of activity of enzymes sphingomyelinase and beta-glucosidase in astrocytes of rats with NPC was significantly lower than that of control astrocytes, which is consistent with the disease in humans. The activity of the enzyme beta-galactosidase showed no significant difference between both groups. We concluded that U18666A appears to be an excellent intracellular cholesterol transport-inhibiting agent affecting some metabolic pathways in astrocytes of young rats, which mimics NPC in these animals. Just like the change in the activity of lysosomal enzymes has been demonstrated, other biochemical parameters of the cell can be tested with this animal model, thus contributing to a better understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Copetti Santos
- Lysosomal Storage Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
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29
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Raval KK, Tao R, White BE, De Lange WJ, Koonce CH, Yu J, Kishnani PS, Thomson JA, Mosher DF, Ralphe JC, Kamp TJ. Pompe disease results in a Golgi-based glycosylation deficit in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3121-36. [PMID: 25488666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile-onset Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the complete loss of lysosomal glycogen-hydrolyzing enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA) activity, which results in lysosomal glycogen accumulation and prominent cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology. The mechanism by which loss of GAA activity causes cardiomyopathy is poorly understood. We reprogrammed fibroblasts from patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that were differentiated to cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM). Pompe iPSC-CMs had undetectable GAA activity and pathognomonic glycogen-filled lysosomes. Nonetheless, Pompe and control iPSC-CMs exhibited comparable contractile properties in engineered cardiac tissue. Impaired autophagy has been implicated in Pompe skeletal muscle; however, control and Pompe iPSC-CMs had comparable clearance rates of LC3-II-detected autophagosomes. Unexpectedly, the lysosome-associated membrane proteins, LAMP1 and LAMP2, from Pompe iPSC-CMs demonstrated higher electrophoretic mobility compared with control iPSC-CMs. Brefeldin A induced disruption of the Golgi in control iPSC-CMs reproduced the higher mobility forms of the LAMPs, suggesting that Pompe iPSC-CMs produce LAMPs lacking appropriate glycosylation. Isoelectric focusing studies revealed that LAMP2 has a more alkaline pI in Pompe compared with control iPSC-CMs due largely to hyposialylation. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of N-linked glycans demonstrated reduced diversity of multiantennary structures and the major presence of a trimannose complex glycan precursor in Pompe iPSC-CMs. These data suggest that Pompe cardiomyopathy has a glycan processing abnormality and thus shares features with hypertrophic cardiomyopathies observed in the congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunil K Raval
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, the WiCell Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Ran Tao
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Brent E White
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Willem J De Lange
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Chad H Koonce
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Junying Yu
- Cellular Dynamics International, Madison, Wisconsin 53711
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - James A Thomson
- the Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Deane F Mosher
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and
| | - John C Ralphe
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, the Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the WiCell Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53719,
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Lysosomal NEU1 deficiency affects amyloid precursor protein levels and amyloid-β secretion via deregulated lysosomal exocytosis. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2734. [PMID: 24225533 PMCID: PMC4015463 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) belongs to a category of adult neurodegenerative conditions which are associated with intracellular and extracellular accumulation of neurotoxic protein aggregates. Understanding how these aggregates are formed, secreted and propagated by neurons has been the subject of intensive research, but so far no preventive or curative therapy for AD is available and clinical trials have been largely unsuccessful. Here we show that deficiency of the lysosomal sialidase NEU1 leads to the spontaneous occurrence of an AD-like amyloidogenic process in mice. This involves two consecutive events linked to NEU1 loss-of-function – accumulation and amyloidogenic processing of an oversialylated amyloid precursor protein in lysosomes, and extracellular release of Aβ-peptides by excessive lysosomal exocytosis. Furthermore, cerebral injection of NEU1 in an established AD mouse model substantially reduces β-amyloid plaques. Our findings identify an additional pathway for the secretion of Aβ and define NEU1 as a potential therapeutic molecule for AD.
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Ruppert SM, Li W, Zhang G, Carlson AL, Limaye A, Durum SK, Khaled AR. The major isoforms of Bim contribute to distinct biological activities that govern the processes of autophagy and apoptosis in interleukin-7 dependent lymphocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1877-93. [PMID: 22728771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bim is a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family that enables the death of T-cells. Partial rescue of cytokine-deprived T-cells occurs when Bim and the receptor for the T-cell growth factor, interleukin-7, are deleted, implicating Bim as a possible target of interleukin-7-mediated signaling. Alternative splicing yields three major isoforms: BimEL, BimL and BimS. To study the effect of Bim deficiency and define the function of the major isoforms, Bim-containing and Bim-deficient T-cells, dependent on interleukin-7 for growth, were used. Loss of total Bim in interleukin-7-deprived T-cells resulted in delayed apoptosis. However, loss of Bim also impeded the later degradative phase of autophagy. p62, an autophagy-adaptor protein which is normally degraded, accumulated in Bim deficient cells. To explain this, BimL was found to support acidification of lysosomes that later may associate with autophagic vesicles. Key findings showed that inhibition of lysosomal acidification accelerated death upon interleukin-7 withdrawal only in Bim-containing T-cells. intereukin-7 dependent T-cells lacking Bim were less sensitive to inhibition of lysosomal acidification. BimL co-immunoprecipitated with dynein and Lamp1-containing vesicles, indicating BimL could be an adaptor for dynein to facilitate loading of lysosomes. In Bim deficient T-cells, lysosome-tracking probes revealed vesicles of less acidic pH. Over-expression of BimL restored acidic vesicles in Bim deficient T-cells, while other isoforms, BimEL and BimS, promoted intrinsic cell death. These results reveal a novel role for BimL in lysosomal positioning that may be required for the formation of degradative autolysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Ruppert
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Majer F, Vlaskova H, Krol L, Kalina T, Kubanek M, Stolnaya L, Dvorakova L, Elleder M, Sikora J. Danon disease: a focus on processing of the novel LAMP2 mutation and comments on the beneficial use of peripheral white blood cells in the diagnosis of LAMP2 deficiency. Gene 2012; 498:183-95. [PMID: 22365987 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Danon disease (DD) is a monogenic X-linked disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and variable degrees of intellectual disability. DD develops due to mutations in the gene encoding lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). We report on a family exhibiting the clinical phenotype comprising of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ventricular pre-excitation, myopia and mild myopathy in two male patients and cardiomyopathy and myopia in a female patient. The diagnosis of DD in this family was based on the assessment of the clinical phenotypes and the absence of LAMP2 in skeletal and/or cardiac muscle biopsy specimens. Sequence analysis of the LAMP2 gene and its mRNA revealed a novel LAMP2 mutation (c.940delG) in all three patients. Approximately 25% of the female patient's cardiomyocytes were LAMP2 positive apparently due to the unfavorable skewing of X chromosome inactivation. We further performed qualitative LAMP2 immunohistochemistry on peripheral white blood cells using the smear technique and revealed the absence of LAMP2 in the male patients. LAMP2 expression was further assessed in granulocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD14+ monocytes and CD56+ natural killer cells by quantitative polychromatic flow cytometry. Whereas the male DD patients lacked LAMP2 in all WBC populations, the female patient expressed LAMP2 in 15.1% and 12.8% of monocytes and granulocytes, respectively. LAMP2 expression ratiometrics of highly vs. weakly expressing WBC populations discriminated the DD patients from the healthy controls. WBCs are thus suitable for initial LAMP2 expression testing when DD is a differential diagnostic option. Moreover, flow cytometry represents a quantitative method to assess the skewing of LAMP2 expression in female heterozygotes. Because LAMP2 is a major protein constituent of the membranes of a number of lysosome-related organelles, we also tested the exocytic capacity of the lytic granules from CD8+ T lymphocytes in the patient samples. The degranulation triggered by a specific stimulus (anti-CD3 antibody) was normal. Therefore, this process can be considered LAMP2 independent in human T cells. The c.940delG mutation results in a putatively truncated protein (p.A314QfsX32), which lacks the transmembrane domain and the cytosolic tail of the wild-type LAMP2. We tested whether this variant becomes exocytosed because of a failure in targeting to late endosomes/lysosomes. Western blotting of cardiac muscle, WBCs and cultured skin fibroblasts (and their culture media) showed no intra- or extracellular truncated LAMP2. By comparing the expression pattern and intracellular targeting in cultured skin fibroblasts of normal LAMP2 isoforms (A, B and C) tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the A314Qfs32-GFP fusion, we found that the A314Qfs32-GFP protein is not even expressed. These observations suggest that the truncated protein is unstable and is co-translationally or early post-translationally degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Majer
- Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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Yamamoto K, Kawakubo T, Yasukochi A, Tsukuba T. Emerging roles of cathepsin E in host defense mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1824:105-12. [PMID: 21664991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin E is an intracellular aspartic proteinase of the pepsin superfamily, which is predominantly expressed in certain cell types, including the immune system cells and rapidly regenerating gastric mucosal and epidermal keratinocytes. The intracellular localization of this protein varies with different cell types. The endosomal localization is primarily found in antigen-presenting cells and gastric cells. The membrane association is observed with certain cell types such as erythrocytes, osteoclasts, gastric parietal cells and renal proximal tubule cells. This enzyme is also found in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and cytosolic compartments in various cell types. In addition to its intracellular localization, cathepsin E occurs in the culture medium of activated phagocytes and cancer cells as the catalytically active enzyme. Its strategic expression and localization thus suggests the association of this enzyme with specific biological functions of the individual cell types. Recent genetic and pharmacological studies have particularly suggested that cathepsin E plays an important role in host defense against cancer cells and invading microorganisms. This review focuses emerging roles of cathepsin E in immune system cells and skin keratinocytes, and in host defense against cancer cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamamoto
- Proteolysis Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Abstract
Biochemical disorders in lysosomal storage diseases consist of the interruption of metabolic pathways involved in the recycling of the degradation products of one or several types of macromolecules. The progressive accumulation of these primary storage products is the direct consequence of the genetic defect and represents the initial pathogenic event. Downstream consequences for the affected cells include the accumulation of secondary storage products and the formation of histological storage lesions, which appear as intracellular vacuoles that represent the pathological hallmark of lysosomal storage diseases. Relationships between storage products and storage lesions are not simple and are still largely not understood. Primary storage products induce malfunction of the organelles where they accumulate, these being primarily, but not only, lysosomes. Consequences for cell metabolism and intracellular trafficking combine the effects of primary storage product toxicity and the compensatory mechanisms activated to protect the cell. Induced disorders extend far beyond the primarily interrupted metabolic pathway.
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Evaluation of the urinary globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) assay by tandem mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Toxicol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-010-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sikora J, Urinovská J, Majer F, Poupetová H, Hlavatá J, Kostrouchová M, Ledvinová J, Hrebícek M. Bioinformatic and biochemical studies point to AAGR-1 as the ortholog of human acid alpha-glucosidase in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 341:51-63. [PMID: 20349118 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA, EC 3.2.1.20) is a lysosomal enzyme that belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31) and catalyses the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages at acid pH. Hereditary deficiency of GAA results in lysosomal glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII, Pompe disease). The aim of this study was to assess GH31 proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to identify the ortholog of human GAA. Bioinformatic searches for GAA ortholog in C. elegans genome revealed four acid alpha-glucosidase-related (aagr-1-4) genes. Multiple sequence alignment of AAGRs with other GH31 proteins demonstrated their evolutionary conservation. Phylogenetic analyses suggested clustering of AAGR-1 and -2 with acid-active and AAGR-3 and -4 with neutral-active GH31 enzymes. In order to prove the AAGRs' predicted alpha-glucosidase activity, we performed RNA interference of all four aagr genes. The impact on the alpha-glucosidase activity was evaluated at pH 4.0 (acid) and pH 6.5 (neutral), with or without the inhibitor acarbose. AAGR-1 and -2 expressed acidic alpha-glucosidase activity; on the contrary, AAGR-3 not -4 represented the predominant neutral alpha-glucosidase activity in C. elegans. Similar results were obtained in each of aagr-1 and -4 deletion mutants. Moreover, based on our structural models of AAGRs and these biochemical experiments, we hypothesize that the enzymatic sensitivity of AAGR-2 and human maltase-glucoamylase to the inhibitor acarbose is associated with a tyrosine residue in the GH31 active site, whereas acarbose resistance of AAGR-1 and human GAA is associated with the corresponding tryptophane in the active site. Acid-active AAGR-1 may thus represent the ortholog of human GAA in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sikora
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Tomatsu S, Montaño AM, Oguma T, Dung VC, Oikawa H, Gutiérrez ML, Yamaguchi S, Suzuki Y, Fukushi M, Barrera LA, Kida K, Kubota M, Orii T. Validation of disaccharide compositions derived from dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses II and III by tandem mass spectrometry. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 99:124-31. [PMID: 19932038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are accumulated in various organs in both mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) and mucolipidoses II and III (ML II and III). MPS and ML II and III patients can not properly degrade dermatan sulfate (DS) and/or heparan sulfate (HS). HS storage occurs in the brain leading to neurological signs while DS storage involves mainly visceral and skeletal manifestations. Excessive DS and HS released into circulation and thus blood levels of both are elevated, therefore, DS and HS in blood could be critical biomarkers for MPS and ML. Such measurement can provide a potential early screening, assessment of the clinical course and efficacy of therapies. We here assay DS and HS levels in MPS and ML patients using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Plasma samples were digested by heparitinase and chondroitinase B to obtain disaccharides of DS and HS, followed by LC/MS/MS analysis. One hundred-twenty samples from patients and 112 control samples were analyzed. We found that all MPS I, II, III and VI patients had a significant elevation of all DS+HS compositions analyzed in plasma, compared with the controls (P<0.0001). Specificity and sensitivity was 100% if the cut off value is 800 ng/ml between control and these types of MPS group. All MPS I, II and III patients also had a significant elevation of plasma HS, compared with the controls (P<0.0001). All MPS VI patients had a significant elevation of plasma DS, compared with the controls (P<0.0001). These findings suggest measurement of DS and/or HS levels by LC/MS/MS is applicable to the screening for MPS I, II, III and VI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States.
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la Marca G, Casetta B, Malvagia S, Guerrini R, Zammarchi E. New Strategy for the Screening of Lysosomal Storage Disorders: The Use of the Online Trapping-and-Cleanup Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6113-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900504s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo la Marca
- Mass Spectrometry and Pharmacology Laboratory, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Applied Biosystems, Via Tiepolo 18, 20052 Monza, Italy, Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Department of Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Bruno Casetta
- Mass Spectrometry and Pharmacology Laboratory, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Applied Biosystems, Via Tiepolo 18, 20052 Monza, Italy, Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Department of Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Malvagia
- Mass Spectrometry and Pharmacology Laboratory, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Applied Biosystems, Via Tiepolo 18, 20052 Monza, Italy, Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Department of Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Mass Spectrometry and Pharmacology Laboratory, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Applied Biosystems, Via Tiepolo 18, 20052 Monza, Italy, Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Department of Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Zammarchi
- Mass Spectrometry and Pharmacology Laboratory, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Applied Biosystems, Via Tiepolo 18, 20052 Monza, Italy, Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Department of Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Florence, Italy
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Non-invasive high-risk screening for Fabry disease hemizygotes and heterozygotes. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:1461-71. [PMID: 18535844 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-008-0846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The most appropriate time for screening for Fabry disease (FD) is school age. For this reason, we developed non-invasive methods for measuring urinary alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-gal A) protein, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for globotriaosylceramide (GL-3), using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). We measured these two biomarkers in the urine of previously diagnosed FD hemizygotes and heterozygotes, and in controls. All the classic FD hemizygotes were clearly distinguished from controls by either method alone, and combining the two assays produced 96% sensitivity for detecting heterozygotes. To assess the utility of these methods for screening school children and adults at high risk of FD, a pilot study was conducted. To distinguish FD from 432 controls, cut-off values for alpha-gal A protein and GL-3 were set at the 5th and 95th centile values of the controls, respectively. Among the high-risk patients, the measurements exceeded the cut-off values for both biomarkers in male and female subjects and were strong indicators for Fabry hemizygotes and heterozygotes. However, we recommend that if the results of the first measurements exceed the cut-off values for only one of these biomarkers, another urine sample should be requested for re-assay to confirm the result.
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The Clinical Outcome of Hurler Syndrome after Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14:485-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yanagawa M, Tsukuba T, Nishioku T, Okamoto Y, Okamoto K, Takii R, Terada Y, Nakayama KI, Kadowaki T, Yamamoto K. Cathepsin E Deficiency Induces a Novel Form of Lysosomal Storage Disorder Showing the Accumulation of Lysosomal Membrane Sialoglycoproteins and the Elevation of Lysosomal pH in Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:1851-62. [PMID: 17095504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604143200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin E, an endolysosomal aspartic proteinase predominantly expressed in cells of the immune system, has an important role in immune responses. However, little is known about the precise roles of cathepsin E in this system. Here we report that cathepsin E deficiency (CatE(-/-)) leads to a novel form of lysosome storage disorder in macrophages, exhibiting the accumulation of the two major lysosomal membrane sialoglycoproteins LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 and the elevation of lysosomal pH. These striking features were also found in wild-type macrophages treated with pepstatin A and Ascaris inhibitor. Whereas there were no obvious differences in their expression, biosynthesis, and trafficking between wild-type and CatE(-/-) macrophages, the degradation rates of these two membrane proteins were apparently decreased as a result of cathepsin E deficiency. Because there was no difference in the vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase activity in both cell types, the elevated lysosomal pH in CatE(-/-) macrophages is most likely due to the accumulation of these lysosomal membrane glycoproteins highly modified with acidic monosaccharides, thereby leading to the disruption of non-proton factors controlling lysosomal pH. Furthermore, the selective degradation of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2, as well as LIMP-2, was also observed by treatment of the lysosomal membrane fraction isolated from wild-type macrophages with purified cathepsin E at pH 5. Our results thus suggest that cathepsin E is important for preventing the accumulation of these lysosomal membrane sialoglycoproteins that can induce a new form of lysosomal storage disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Yanagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Muller VJ, Hopwood JJ, Brooks DA. N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase protein detection in MPS IVA patient and unaffected control samples. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 377:88-91. [PMID: 17027703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA; Morquio syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in the activity of the lysosomal hydrolase N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS). MPS IVA patients can present with severe myelopathy, hearing loss, heart valve involvement, short trunk/dwarfism and corneal clouding. Early diagnosis of MPS IVA will allow potential treatments to be implemented before the onset of irreversible pathology. METHODS We have developed a sensitive immune-quantification assay for the accurate detection of GALNS protein in skin fibroblasts, blood and plasma from unaffected control and MPS IVA patients. RESULTS MPS IVA patient fibroblast extracts (n=11) had non-detectable (ND)-10 ng/mg of 6-sulfatase protein compared to 3-82 ng/mg for normal controls (n=19). Dried blood-spots from MPS IVA patients (n=4) contained ND-1.3 ng/L of 6-sulfatase protein compared to 18-145 ng/L for normal controls (n=49). Plasma from MPS IVA patients (n=7) contained ND 6-sulfatase protein compared to 1-9 ng/L for normal controls (n=49). CONCLUSIONS The immune assay described here had the capacity to accurately measure the amount of GALNS protein in various biological samples, providing the basis of an assay that could be further developed to enable newborn and high-risk population screening for MPS IVA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Parkinson-Lawrence
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Genetic Medicine, Children Youth and Women's Health Service, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Meikle PJ, Grasby DJ, Dean CJ, Lang DL, Bockmann M, Whittle AM, Fietz MJ, Simonsen H, Fuller M, Brooks DA, Hopwood JJ. Newborn screening for lysosomal storage disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2006; 88:307-14. [PMID: 16600651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are chronic progressive diseases that have a devastating impact on the patient and family. Most patients are clinically normal at birth but develop symptoms early in childhood. Despite no curative treatment, a number of therapeutic options are available to improve quality of life. To achieve this, there is a pressing need for newborn screening to identify affected individuals early, before the onset of severe irreversible pathology. We have developed a multiplexed immune-quantification assay of 11 different lysosomal proteins for the identification of individuals with an LSD and evaluated this assay in a retrospective study using blood-spots from; newborns subsequently diagnosed with an LSD (n=19, six different LSD), individuals sampled after diagnosis of an LSD (n=92, 11 different LSD), newborn controls (n=433), and adult controls (n=200). All patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), MPS II, MPS IIIA, MPS VI, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Niemann-Pick disease type A/B, and multiple sulfatase deficiency could be identified by reduced enzyme levels compared to controls. All mucolipidosis type II/III patients were identified by the elevation of several lysosomal enzymes, above the control range. Most Fabry, Pompe, and Gaucher disease patients were identified from either single protein differences or profiles of multiple protein markers. Newborn screening for multiple LSD is achievable using multiplexed immune-quantification of a panel of lysosomal proteins. With further validation, this method could be readily incorporated into existing screening laboratories and will have a substantial impact on patient management and counseling of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Meikle
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Genetic Medicine, Children Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia.
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Parkinson-Lawrence E, Fuller M, Hopwood JJ, Meikle PJ, Brooks DA. Immunochemistry of lysosomal storage disorders. Clin Chem 2006; 52:1660-8. [PMID: 16840586 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.064915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysosomal storage disorders are a group of genetic diseases, each with a broad spectrum of clinical presentation that ranges from attenuated to severe. The immunochemical analysis of patient samples is aimed at several key aspects of patient management, including early detection of the disorder, prediction of clinical severity, determining the most appropriate therapeutic regimen, and monitoring of patients on therapy. METHODS In this study, we review the current and emerging technology available to achieve these assessments. RESULTS Immune assays have direct practical application for the early detection, diagnosis and prognosis of lysosomal storage disorder patients. Multiplexing of these assays may provide a platform to allow newborn screening for multiple lysosomal storage disorders. CONCLUSIONS We have reviewed the immunochemical techniques available for the analysis of lysosomal storage disorder patient samples and advise that these may be used in conjunction with other technologies for effective patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Parkinson-Lawrence
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Genetic Medicine, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Fletcher JM. Screening for lysosomal storage disorders--a clinical perspective. J Inherit Metab Dis 2006; 29:405-8. [PMID: 16763909 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-006-0246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The availability of therapies for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) and clear documentation from animal studies that optimal therapy depends on early diagnosis have set the scene for newborn screening for LSDs. The combined incidence of this group of conditions is approximately 1 in 7000, well within the feasible range for newborn screening programmes. The availability of multiplex technology has facilitated the technical aspects of initial screening. The scientific challenge is to predict disease severity early enough to influence choice of therapy. LSD screening is discussed from the point of view of the scientists, the families affected by these conditions, the community and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Fletcher
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
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Dean CJ, Bockmann MR, Hopwood JJ, Brooks DA, Meikle PJ. Detection of mucopolysaccharidosis type II by measurement of iduronate-2-sulfatase in dried blood spots and plasma samples. Clin Chem 2006; 52:643-9. [PMID: 16497940 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.061838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a lysosomal storage disorder related to a deficiency in the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). Clinical trials of enzyme replacement therapy are in progress, but effective treatment will require screening assays to enable early detection and diagnosis of MPS II. Our study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of IDS protein and enzyme activity measurements in dried blood spots and plasma. METHODS We collected dried-blood-spot and plasma samples from unaffected control individuals and from MPS II patients. We measured IDS protein concentration with a 2-step time-delayed dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay. To measure enzyme activity, we immobilized anti-IDS antibody on microtiter plates to capture the enzyme and measured its activity with the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate. RESULTS Dried-blood-spot samples from MPS II patients showed an almost total absence of IDS activity (0-0.075 micromol x h(-1) x L(-1)) compared with control blood spots (0.5-4.7 micromol x h(-1) x L(-1)) and control plasma (0.17-8.1 micromol x h(-1) x L(-1)). A dried-blood-spot sample from only 1 of 12 MPS II patients had detectable concentrations of IDS protein (24.8 microg/L), but no IDS protein was detected in plasma from MPS II patients. Ranges for IDS protein in control samples were 25.8-153 microg/L for blood spots and 22.8-349.4 microg/L for plasma. CONCLUSION Measurement of the IDS protein concentration and enzyme activity (as measured by a simple fluorogenic assay with an immune capture technique) enables identification of the majority of MPS II patient samples from both dried blood spots and plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Dean
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Genetic Medicine, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Fuller M, Lovejoy M, Hopwood JJ, Meikle PJ. Immunoquantification of beta-glucosidase: diagnosis and prediction of severity in Gaucher disease. Clin Chem 2005; 51:2200-2. [PMID: 16179423 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.053538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fuller
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Genetic Medicine, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, Australia.
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Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Dean CJ, Chang M, Hopwood JJ, Meikle PJ, Brooks DA. Immunochemical analysis of CD107a (LAMP-1). Cell Immunol 2005; 236:161-6. [PMID: 16168398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CD107a, also known as the lysosome associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1), is expressed largely in the endosome-lysosome membranes of cells, but is also found on the plasma membrane (1-2% of total LAMP-1). LAMP-1 has been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, including cancer metastasis. It has been proposed as a therapeutic agent for some cancers, and is a marker for lysosomal storage disorders and different cell types such as cytotoxic T cells. In light of this diversity of applications, it is important to have well characterized immune-reagents for the detection and quantification of LAMP-1. We have compared a new monoclonal antibody 80280 against LAMP-1 to an existing monoclonal antibody BB6 and a rabbit polyclonal antibody. While all antibodies gave similar results by immunofluorescence, the monoclonal antibody 80280 showed no epitope reactivity to LAMP-1 peptides, suggesting the possibility of a carbohydrate epitope. Western blotting revealed a weaker activity of the monoclonal antibody 80280 relative to either the BB6 monoclonal or the polyclonal antibodies. The monoclonal antibody 80280 is distinct from BB6, providing an additional reagent for CD107a analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Parkinson-Lawrence
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Genetic Medicine, Child Youth and Women's Health Service, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
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Abstract
The lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I, McKusick 25280, Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome, Scheie syndrome) is caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-L-iduronidase (EC 3.2.1.76). MPS I patients can present within a diverse clinical spectrum, ranging from classical Hurler syndrome to attenuated Scheie syndrome. Laronidase (Aldurazyme) enzyme replacement therapy has been developed as a treatment strategy for MPS I patients and has been approved for clinical practice. Here we review the pre-clinical studies and clinical trials that have been used to demonstrate that intravenous laronidase therapy is well tolerated and effective for treating MPS I patients who do not have neuronal pathology. Current challenges for a viable treatment strategy for all MPS I patients include development of an early screening protocol that identifies patients before the onset of irreversible pathology, methods to predict disease severity, appropriate treatment for neuropathology, and an effective patient monitoring regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed J Wraith
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Unprecedented demands are now placed on clinicians for early diagnosis as we enter into an era of advancing treatment opportunities for the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). Biochemical monitoring of any therapeutic avenue will also be prerequisite. To this end, we aimed to identify a range of urinary oligosaccharides that could be used to identify and characterize patients with MPS. We analyzed 94 urine samples from 68 patients with MPS and 26 control individuals for oligosaccharides derived from glycosaminoglycans using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The oligosaccharide profile for each patient group was compared with that of the control group. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to measure the difference between each patient group and the controls for each analyte. Urine samples from patients before and at successive times after bone marrow transplantation were also evaluated. A number of oligosaccharides were identified in the urine of each MPS subtype, and for each of these, specific oligosaccharide profiles were formulated. These profiles enabled the identification of all 68 patients and their subtypes with the exception of MPS IIIB and IIIC. Selected oligosaccharides were used to assess three individuals after a bone marrow transplant, and, in each case, a substantial reduction in the level of diagnostic oligosaccharides, posttransplantation, was observed. The identification and measurement of glycosaminoglycan-derived oligosaccharides in urine provides a sensitive and specific screen for the early identification of individuals with MPS. The resulting oligosaccharide profiles not only characterize subtype but also provide a disease-specific fingerprint for the biochemical monitoring of current and proposed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fuller
- Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Genetic Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, 5006, South Australia, Australia.
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