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Peng L, Luan S, Shen X, Zhan H, Ge Y, Liang Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Wu S, Zhong X, Zhang H, Gao L, Zhao J, He Z. Thyroid hormone deprival and TSH/TSHR signaling deficiency lead to central hypothyroidism-associated intestinal dysplasia. Life Sci 2024; 345:122577. [PMID: 38521387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central hypothyroidism (CH) is characterized by low T4 levels and reduced levels or bioactivity of circulating TSH. However, there is a lack of studies on CH-related intestinal maldevelopment. In particular, the roles of TH and TSH/TSHR signaling in CH-related intestinal maldevelopment are poorly understood. Herein, we utilized Tshr-/- mice as a congenital hypothyroidism model with TH deprival and absence of TSHR signaling. METHODS The morphological characteristics of intestines were determined by HE staining, periodic acid-shiff staining, and immunohistochemical staining. T4 was administrated into the offspring of homozygous mice from the fourth postnatal day through weaning or administrated after weaning. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of markers of goblet cells and intestinal digestive enzymes. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis was used to explore the cell types and gene profiles of metabolic alternations in early-T4-injected Tshr-/- mice. KEY FINDINGS Tshr deletion caused significant growth retardation and intestinal maldevelopment, manifested as smaller and more slender small intestines due to reduced numbers of stem cells and differentiated epithelial cells. Thyroxin supplementation from the fourth postnatal day, but not from weaning, significantly rescued the abnormal intestinal structure and restored the decreased number of proliferating intestinal cells in crypts of Tshr-/- mice. Tshr-/- mice with early-life T4 injections had more early goblet cells and impaired metabolism compared to Tshr+/+ mice. SIGNIFICANCE TH deprival leads to major defects of CH-associated intestinal dysplasia while TSH/TSHR signaling deficiency promotes the differentiation of goblet cells and impairs nutrition metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Sisi Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of General Practice, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Huidong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yueping Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yixiao Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Department of General Practice, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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Yi S, Wang J, Wang R, Liu M, Zhong W, Zhu L, Jiang G. Structure-Related Thyroid Disrupting Effect of Perfluorooctanesulfonate-like Substances in Zebrafish Larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:182-193. [PMID: 38156633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Chlorinated polyfluorooctane ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), hydrogenated polyfluorooctane ether sulfonate (6:2 H-PFESA), and chlorinated polyfluorooctanesulfonate (Cl-PFOS) share structural similarities with the regulated perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), but their toxic potential is rarely known. Here, the thyroid disrupting potential of these four compounds in zebrafish larvae has been comparably investigated. PFOS, Cl-PFOS, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA were accumulated in the larvae at similar levels, approximately 1.3-1.6 times higher than 6:2 H-PFESA. Additionally, PFOS, Cl-PFOS, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA exhibited stronger disruption than 6:2 H-PFESA on genetic regulation, particularly concerning thyroid hormone (TH) activation and action and on TH homeostasis in both free and total forms of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). These results indicate that chlorination or oxygen insertion does not substantially alter the thyrotoxicity of PFOS, but hydrogenation mitigates it. Molecular docking analysis and the luciferase reporter gene assay provided mechanistic perspectives that the PFOS-like substances could competitively replace THs to bind with TH plasma and membrane transporters, thereby disrupting TH transport and action, respectively. Moreover, they are also potent to disrupt TH synthesis and activation through Na+/K+-dependent transport of I- or competitive binding to the sites of deiodinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Yi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rouyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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3
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Cho YW, Fu Y, Huang CCJ, Wu X, Ng L, Kelley KA, Vella KR, Berg AH, Hollenberg AN, Liu H, Forrest D. Thyroid hormone-regulated chromatin landscape and transcriptional sensitivity of the pituitary gland. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1253. [PMID: 38081939 PMCID: PMC10713718 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, T3) is a key regulator of pituitary gland function. The response to T3 is thought to hinge crucially on interactions of nuclear T3 receptors with enhancers but these sites in pituitary chromatin remain surprisingly obscure. Here, we investigate genome-wide receptor binding in mice using tagged endogenous thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) and analyze T3-regulated open chromatin using an anterior pituitary-specific Cre driver (Thrbb2Cre). Strikingly, T3 regulates histone modifications and chromatin opening primarily at sites that maintain TRβ binding regardless of T3 levels rather than at sites where T3 abolishes or induces de novo binding. These sites associate more frequently with T3-activated than T3-suppressed genes. TRβ-deficiency blunts T3-regulated gene expression, indicating that TRβ confers transcriptional sensitivity. We propose a model of gene activation in which poised receptor-enhancer complexes facilitate adjustable responses to T3 fluctuations, suggesting a genomic basis for T3-dependent pituitary function or pituitary dysfunction in thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Cho
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yulong Fu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lily Ng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin A Kelley
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Kristen R Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Anders H Berg
- Department of Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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4
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Lademann F, Tsourdi E, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Thyroid hormone receptor Thra and Thrb knockout differentially affects osteoblast biology and thyroid hormone responsiveness in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1948-1960. [PMID: 37992217 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are important modulators of bone remodeling and thus, thyroid diseases, in particular hyperthyroidism, are able to compromise bone quality and fracture resistance. TH actions on bone are mediated by the thyroid hormone receptors (TR) TRα1 and TRβ1, encoded by Thra and Thrb, respectively. Skeletal phenotypes of mice lacking Thra (Thra0/0 ) and Thrb (Thrb-/- ) are well-described and suggest that TRα1 is the predominant mediator of TH actions in bone. Considering that bone cells might be affected by systemic TH changes seen in these mutant mice, here we investigated the effects of TR knockout on osteoblasts exclusively at the cellular level. Primary osteoblasts obtained from Thra0/0 , Thrb-/- , and respective wildtype (WT) mice were analyzed regarding their differentiation potential, activity and TH responsiveness in vitro. Thra, but not Thrb knockout promoted differentiation and activity of early, mature and late osteoblasts as compared to respective WT cells. Interestingly, while mineralization capacity and expression of osteoblast marker genes and TH target gene Klf9 was increased by TH in WT and Thra-deficient osteoblasts, Thrb knockout mitigated the responsiveness of osteoblasts to short (48 h) and long term (10 d) TH treatment. Further, we found a low ratio of Rankl, a potent osteoclast stimulator, over osteoprotegerin, an osteoclast inhibitor, in Thrb-deficient osteoblasts and in line, supernatants obtained from Thrb-/- osteoblasts reduced numbers of primary osteoclasts in vitro. In accordance to the increased Rankl/Opg ratio in TH-treated WT osteoblasts only, supernatants from these cells, but not from TH-treated Thrb-/- osteoblasts increased the expression of Trap and Ctsk in osteoclasts, suggesting that osteoclasts are indirectly stimulated by TH via TRβ1 in osteoblasts. In conclusion, our study shows that both Thra and Thrb differentially affect activity, differentiation and TH response of osteoblasts in vitro and emphasizes the importance of TRβ1 to mediate TH actions in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lademann
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Tsourdi
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
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Amin MF, Zubair MS, Ammar M. A short review on the role of thyroxine in fast wound healing and tissue regeneration. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102115. [PMID: 37244096 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a multiplex interaction process that involves extracellular matrix, blood vessels, proteases, cytokines, and chemokine. So far, a number of studies have been performed to understand the basis of the wound-healing process and multiple wound-healing products have been designed. However, significant morbidity and mortality incidents still occurred due to poor wound healing. Thus, there is a dire need to understand the effects of topical applications of various therapeutic options that lead to fast wound healing. Thyroxine is one great panacea for wound healing that has been vigorously mooted throughout the years but a conclusive result regarding its effectiveness is still not achieved. This review is intended to find a rational basis for its positive role in wound healing. To accomplish the objective, this review highlights the different aspects of thyroxine's role in wound healing like keratin synthesis, skin thickening, and pro-angiogenesis, the basis of controversy on its wound healing ability and its potential to be used as a wound healing agent. This study will be helpful for researchers and surgeons to assess the importance of thyroxine as a candidate to comprehensively research to develop a potent, effective, and affordable wound healing drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Ammar
- Princess Royal University Hospital, King College Hospital Trust, United Kingdom.
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Insights on the Association between Thyroid Diseases and Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062234. [PMID: 36983233 PMCID: PMC10056144 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign and malignant thyroid diseases (TDs) have been associated with the occurrence of extrathyroidal malignancies (EMs), including colorectal cancers (CRCs). Such associations have generated a major interest, as their characterization may provide useful clues regarding diseases’ etiology and/or progression, with the possible identification of shared congenital and environmental elements. On the other hand, elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism(s) could lead to an improved and tailored clinical management of these patients and stimulate an increased surveillance of TD patients at higher threat of developing EMs. Here, we will examine the epidemiological, clinical, and molecular findings connecting TD and CRC, with the aim to identify possible molecular mechanism(s) responsible for such diseases’ relationship.
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Ulisse S, Baldini E, Pironi D, Gagliardi F, Tripodi D, Lauro A, Carbotta S, Tarroni D, D’Armiento M, Morrone A, Forte F, Frattaroli F, Persechino S, Odorisio T, D’Andrea V, Lori E, Sorrenti S. Is Melanoma Progression Affected by Thyroid Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710036. [PMID: 36077430 PMCID: PMC9456309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological evidence indicate a relationship between thyroid diseases and melanoma. In particular, the hypothyroidism condition appears to promote melanoma spread, which suggests a protective role of thyroid hormones against disease progression. In addition, experimental data suggest that, in addition to thyroid hormones, other hormonal players of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis, namely the thyrotropin releasing hormone and the thyrotropin, are likely to affect melanoma cells behavior. This information warrants further clinical and experimental studies in order to build a precise pattern of action of the HPT hormones on melanoma cells. An improved knowledge of the involved molecular mechanism(s) could lead to a better and possibly personalized clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Gagliardi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Lauro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabino Carbotta
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Tarroni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo D’Armiento
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Forte
- Urology Department, M.G. Vannini Hospital, 00177 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Frattaroli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Severino Persechino
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Odorisio
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lori
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Turhan DO, Güngördü A. Developmental, toxicological effects and recovery patterns in Xenopus laevis after exposure to penconazole-based fungicide during the metamorphosis process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135302. [PMID: 35697111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are a group of chemicals causing pollution of freshwater ecosystems due to their widespread use in agriculture. However, their endocrine disrupting effects are less studied than herbicides and insecticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the developmental and toxicological effects and recovery patterns of penconazole-based fungicide (PBF) during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. For this purpose, firstly, the 96 h median lethal (LC50) and effective (EC50) concentrations and minimum concentration to inhibit growth (MCIG) values of PBF were estimated for X. laevis as 4.97, 3.55 and 2.31 mg/L respectively, using Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) on Nieuwkoop-Faber (NF) stage 8 embryos. FETAX results showed PBF formulation was slightly teratogenic with a 1.4 teratogenic index; most recorded malformations were gut, abdominal edema, and tail curvature. The Subacute Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (AMA) was modified based on acute FETAX results, and used to evaluate toxic effects and recovery patterns of relatively low PBF concentrations on metamorphosis using morphological and biochemical markers. NF Stage 51 tadpoles were exposed to two separate groups of each concentration for seven days in the AMA. Secondly, tadpoles of one group of each concentration continued to be exposed to PBF for the next 7 and 14 days while the other group was kept in a pesticide-free environment (depuration/recovery). Various morphological and biochemical markers were measured homogenate samples of tadpoles from exposure and recovery groups. Continuous exposure to relatively low PBF concentrations caused oxidative stress, toxic, and endocrine disrupting effects in the AMA, leading us to conclude that it has negative effects on frog health and development during the recovery period when PBF exposure is terminated. The glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, catalase, carboxylesterase, and acetylcholinesterase activities were higher than the control group transferred to pesticide-free media for 14 days after the 7 days exposure and indicate persistent PBF impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ozhan Turhan
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, 44210, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abbas Güngördü
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, 44210, Malatya, Turkey.
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9
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Li Q, Yao B, Zhao S, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Xiang Q, Wu X, Yu H, Zhang C, Li J, Zhuang X, Wu D, Li Y, Xu Y. Discovery of a Highly Selective and H435R-Sensitive Thyroid Hormone Receptor β Agonist. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7193-7211. [PMID: 35507418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design and development of agonists selectively targeting thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) and TRβ mutants remain challenging tasks. In this study, we first adopted the strategy of breaking the "His-Phe switch" to solve two problems, simultaneously. A structure-based design approach was successfully utilized to obtain compound 16g, which is a potent TRβ agonist (EC50: 21.0 nM, 85.0% of the maximum efficacy of 1) with outstanding selectivity for TRβ over TRα and also effectively activates the TRβH435R mutant. Then, we developed a highly efficient synthetic method for 16g. Our serials of cocrystal structures revealed detailed structural mechanisms in overcoming subtype selectivity and rescuing the H435R mutation. 16g also showed excellent lipid metabolism, safety, metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetic properties. Collectively, 16g is a well-characterized selective and mutation-sensitive TRβ agonist for further investigating its function in treating dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Benqiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shiting Zhao
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qiuping Xiang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xishan Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Haonan Yu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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10
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Thyroid Hormone Receptor Isoforms Alpha and Beta Play Convergent Roles in Muscle Physiology and Metabolic Regulation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050405. [PMID: 35629909 PMCID: PMC9145723 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a key energy-regulating organ, skilled in rapidly boosting the rate of energy production and substrate consumption following increased workload demand. The alteration of skeletal muscle metabolism is directly associated with numerous pathologies and disorders. Thyroid hormones (THs) and their receptors (TRs, namely, TRα and TRβ) exert pleiotropic functions in almost all cells and tissues. Skeletal muscle is a major THs-target tissue and alterations of THs levels have multiple influences on the latter. However, the biological role of THs and TRs in orchestrating metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle has only recently started to be addressed. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the muscle metabolic response to TRs abrogation, by using two different mouse models of global TRα- and TRβKO. In line with the clinical features of resistance to THs syndromes in humans, characterized by THRs gene mutations, both animal models of TRs deficiency exhibit developmental delay and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Moreover, using transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches, we found that the TRs–THs complex regulates the Fatty Acids (FAs)-binding protein GOT2, affecting FAs oxidation and transport in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, these results underline a new metabolic role of THs in governing muscle lipids distribution and metabolism.
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11
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Role of Nuclear Receptors in Controlling Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052800. [PMID: 35269942 PMCID: PMC8911257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs), are a wide family of ligand-regulated transcription factors sharing a common modular structure composed by an N-terminal domain and a ligand-binding domain connected by a short hinge linker to a DNA-binding domain. NRs are involved in many physiological processes, including metabolism, reproduction and development. Most of them respond to small lipophilic ligands, such as steroids, retinoids, and phospholipids, which act as conformational switches. Some NRs are still "orphan" and the search for their ligands is still ongoing. Upon DNA binding, NRs can act both as transcriptional activators or repressors of their target genes. Theoretically, the possibility to modulate NRs activity with small molecules makes them ideal therapeutic targets, although the complexity of their signaling makes drug design challenging. In this review, we discuss the role of NRs in erythropoiesis, in both homeostatic and stress conditions. This knowledge is important in view of modulating red blood cells production in disease conditions, such as anemias, and for the expansion of erythroid cells in culture for research purposes and for reaching the long-term goal of cultured blood for transfusion.
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12
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Hönes GS, Kerp H, Hoppe C, Kowalczyk M, Zwanziger D, Baba HA, Führer D, Moeller LC. Canonical Thyroid Hormone Receptor β Action Stimulates Hepatocyte Proliferation in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6509895. [PMID: 35038735 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3) is a potent inducer of hepatocyte proliferation via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Previous studies suggested the involvement of rapid noncanonical thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β signaling, directly activating hepatic Wnt/β-catenin signaling independent from TRβ DNA binding. However, the mechanism by which T3 increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatocytes has not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether DNA binding of TRβ is required for stimulation of hepatocyte proliferation by T3. METHODS Wild-type (WT) mice, TRβ knockout mice (TRβ KO), and TRβ mutant mice with either specifically abrogated DNA binding (TRβ GS) or abrogated direct phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activation (TRβ 147F) were treated with T3 for 6 hours or 7 days. Hepatocyte proliferation was assessed by Kiel-67 (Ki67) staining and apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Activation of β-catenin signaling was measured in primary murine hepatocytes. Gene expression was analyzed by microarray, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS T3 induced hepatocyte proliferation with an increased number of Ki67-positive cells in WT and TRβ 147F mice (9.2% ± 6.5% and 10.1% ± 2.9%, respectively) compared to TRβ KO and TRβ GS mice (1.2% ± 1.1% and 1.5% ± 0.9%, respectively). Microarray analysis and GSEA showed that genes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-among them, Fzd8 (frizzled receptor 8) and Ctnnb1 (β-catenin)-were positively enriched only in T3-treated WT and TRβ 147F mice while B-cell translocation gene anti-proliferation factor 2 was repressed. Consequently, expression of Ccnd1 (CyclinD1) was induced. CONCLUSIONS Instead of directly activating Wnt signaling, T3 and TRβ induce key genes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, ultimately stimulating hepatocyte proliferation via CyclinD1. Thus, canonical transcriptional TRβ action is necessary for T3-mediated stimulation of hepatocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Kerp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoppe
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuela Kowalczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Christian Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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13
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Thyroid Diseases and Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020156. [PMID: 35207645 PMCID: PMC8876618 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies aimed at defining the association of thyroid diseases with extra-thyroidal malignancies (EM) have aroused considerable interest in the possibility of revealing common genetic and environmental factors underlying disease etiology and progression. Over the years, multiple lines of evidence indicated a significant relationship between thyroid carcinomas and other primary EM, especially breast cancer. For the latter, a prominent association was also found with benign thyroid diseases. In particular, a meta-analysis revealed an increased risk of breast cancer in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, and our recent work demonstrated that the odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer was raised in both thyroid autoantibody-positive and -negative patients. However, the OR was significantly lower for thyroid autoantibody-positive patients compared to the negative ones. This is in agreement with findings showing that the development of thyroid autoimmunity in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy is associated with better outcome and supports clinical evidence that breast cancer patients with thyroid autoimmunity have longer disease-free interval and overall survival. These results seem to suggest that factors other than oncologic treatments may play a role in the initiation and progression of a second primary malignancy. The molecular links between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer remain, however, unidentified, and different hypotheses have been proposed. Here, we will review the epidemiological, clinical, and experimental data relating thyroid diseases and breast cancer, as well as the possible hormonal and molecular mechanisms underlying such associations.
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14
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Cui B, Xiao X, Wang J, Wang H, Wu C, Yan Y, Zheng J, Wang J, Zong Y, Zhang Y, Hui R, Gerdes AM, Wang Y. Low THRB (thyroid hormone receptor beta) Promoter Methylation Levels in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Induced By Systematic Inflammation Are Involved in Low Thyroid Hormone Function in Metabolic Syndrome. Hypertension 2021; 78:1005-1015. [PMID: 34397273 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.)
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.)
| | - Jin'e Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.)
| | - Hongrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.)
| | - Cunjin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.)
| | - Yupeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.)
| | - Jun Zheng
- Rizhao Port Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong, China (J.Z., JingJun Wang)
| | - JingJun Wang
- Rizhao Port Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong, China (J.Z., JingJun Wang)
| | - Yuru Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.)
| | - Rutai Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.)
| | - A Martin Gerdes
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York (A.M.G.)
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B.C., X.X., Jin'e Wang, H.W., C.W., Y.Y., Y. Zong, Y. Zhang, R.H., A.M.G., Y.W.)
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15
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Ishii S, Amano I, Koibuchi N. The Role of Thyroid Hormone in the Regulation of Cerebellar Development. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:703-716. [PMID: 34365775 PMCID: PMC8419606 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper organized expression of specific genes in time and space is responsible for the organogenesis of the central nervous system including the cerebellum. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression is tightly regulated by an intrinsic intracellular genetic program, local stimuli such as synaptic inputs and trophic factors, and peripheral stimuli from outside of the brain including hormones. Some hormone receptors are expressed in the cerebellum. Thyroid hormones (THs), among numerous circulating hormones, are well-known major regulators of cerebellar development. In both rodents and human, hypothyroidism during the postnatal developmental period results in abnormal morphogenesis or altered function. THs bind to the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in the nuclei and with the help of transcriptional cofactors regulate the transcription of target genes. Gene regulation by TR induces cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which are necessary for brain development and plasticity. Thus, the lack of TH action mediators may directly cause aberrant cerebellar development. Various kinds of animal models have been established in a bid to study the mechanism of TH action in the cerebellum. Interestingly, the phenotypes differ greatly depending on the models. Herein we summarize the actions of TH and TR particularly in the developing cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyasu Ishii
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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16
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Geist D, Hönes GS, Gassen J, Kerp H, Kleinbongard P, Heusch G, Führer D, Moeller LC. Noncanonical Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Action Mediates Arterial Vasodilation. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6276892. [PMID: 33999131 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypothyroidism impairs cardiovascular health and contributes to endothelial dysfunction with reduced vasodilation. How 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and its receptors are involved in the regulation of vasomotion is not yet fully understood. In general, thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) either influence gene expression (canonical action) or rapidly activate intracellular signaling pathways (noncanonical action). OBJECTIVE Here we aimed to characterize the T3 action underlying the mechanism of arterial vasodilation and blood pressure (BP) regulation. METHODS Mesenteric arteries were isolated from male rats, wild-type (WT) mice, TRα knockout (TRα 0) mice, and from knockin mice with a mutation in the DNA-binding domain (TRα GS). In this mutant, DNA binding and thus canonical action is abrogated while noncanonical signaling is preserved. In a wire myograph system, the isolated vessels were preconstricted with norepinephrine. The response to T3 was measured, and the resulting vasodilation (Δ force [mN]) was normalized to maximum contraction with norepinephrine and expressed as percentage vasodilation after maximal preconstriction with norepinephrine (%NE). Isolated vessels were treated with T3 (1 × 10-15 to 1 × 10-5 mol/L) alone and in combination with the endothelial nitric oxide-synthase (eNOS) inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin. The endothelium was removed to determine the contribution of T3 to endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The physiological relevance of T3-induced vasodilation was determined by in vivo arterial BP measurements in male and female mice. RESULTS T3 treatment induced vasodilation of mesenteric arteries from WT mice within 2 minutes (by 21.5 ± 1.7%NE). This effect was absent in arteries from TRα 0 mice (by 5.3 ± 0.6%NE, P < .001 vs WT) but preserved in TRα GS arteries (by 17.2 ± 1.1%NE, not significant vs WT). Inhibition of either eNOS or PI3K reduced T3-mediated vasodilation from 52.7 ± 4.5%NE to 28.5 ± 4.1%NE and 22.7 ± 2.9%NE, respectively. Removal of the endothelium abolished the T3-mediated vasodilation in rat mesenteric arteries (by 36.7 ± 5.4%NE vs 3.5 ± 6.2%NE). In vivo, T3 injection led to a rapid decrease of arterial BP in WT (by 13.9 ± 1.9 mm Hg) and TRα GS mice (by 12.4 ± 1.9 mm Hg), but not in TRα 0 mice (by 4.1 ± 1.9 mm Hg). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that T3 acting through noncanonical TRα action affects cardiovascular physiology by inducing endothelium-dependent vasodilation within minutes via PI3K and eNOS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Geist
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - G Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Janina Gassen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Kerp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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17
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Godart M, Frau C, Farhat D, Giolito MV, Jamard C, Le Nevé C, Freund JN, Penalva LO, Sirakov M, Plateroti M. Murine intestinal stem cells are highly sensitive to modulation of the T3/TRα1-dependent pathway. Development 2021; 148:dev.194357. [PMID: 33757992 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid hormone T3 and its nuclear receptor TRα1 control gut development and homeostasis through the modulation of intestinal crypt cell proliferation. Despite increasing data, in-depth analysis on their specific action on intestinal stem cells is lacking. By using ex vivo 3D organoid cultures and molecular approaches, we observed early responses to T3 involving the T3-metabolizing enzyme Dio1 and the transporter Mct10, accompanied by a complex response of stem cell- and progenitor-enriched genes. Interestingly, specific TRα1 loss-of-function (inducible or constitutive) was responsible for low ex vivo organoid development and impaired stem cell activity. T3 treatment of animals in vivo not only confirmed the positive action of this hormone on crypt cell proliferation but also demonstrated its key action in modulating the number of stem cells, the expression of their specific markers and the commitment of progenitors into lineage-specific differentiation. In conclusion, T3 treatment or TRα1 modulation has a rapid and strong effect on intestinal stem cells, broadening our perspectives in the study of T3/TRα1-dependent signaling in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Godart
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Diana Farhat
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Maria Virginia Giolito
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Jamard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Clementine Le Nevé
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Noel Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, FMTS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Luiz O Penalva
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Maria Sirakov
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de la recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) is critical not only for organ function and metabolism in the adult but also for animal development. This is particularly true during the neonatal period when T3 levels are high in mammals. Many processes during this postembryonic developmental period resemble those during amphibian metamorphosis. Anuran metamorphosis is perhaps the most dramatic developmental process controlled by T3 and affects essentially all organs/tissues, often in an organ autonomous manner. This offers a unique opportunity to study how T3 regulates vertebrate development. Earlier transgenic studies in the pseudo-tetraploid anuran Xenopus laevis revealed that T3 receptors (TRs) are necessary and sufficient for mediating the effects of T3 during metamorphosis. Recent gene knockout studies with gene-editing technologies in the highly related diploid anuran Xenopus tropicalis showed, surprisingly, that TRs are not required for most metamorphic transformations, although tadpoles lacking TRs are stalled at the climax of metamorphosis and eventually die. Analyses of the changes in different organs suggest that removal of TRs enables premature development of many adult tissues, likely due to de-repression of T3-inducible genes, while preventing the degeneration of tadpole-specific tissues, which is possibly responsible for the eventual lethality. Comparison with findings in TR knockout mice suggests both conservation and divergence in TR functions, with the latter likely due to the greatly reduced need, if any, to remove embryo/prenatal-specific tissues during mammalian postembryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Yun-Bo Shi, Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 6A82, MSC 4480, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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19
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Cellini M, Rotondi M, Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Chiovato L, Beck-Peccoz P, Lania A, Mazziotti G. Skeletal health in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:431-442. [PMID: 32696339 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and fractures are important comorbidities in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), with potential negative impact on quality of life and survival. The main determinant of skeletal fragility in DTC is the thyrotropin (TSH)-suppressive therapy, which is commonly recommended to prevent disease's recurrence, especially in patients with structural incomplete response after thyroid surgery and radio-iodine therapy. TSH-suppressive therapy can stimulate bone resorption with consequent bone loss, deterioration of bone microstructure and high risk of fragility fractures. The skeletal effects of TSH-suppressive therapy may be amplified when thyroid cancer cells localize to the skeleton inducing alterations in bone remodelling, impairment of bone structure and further increase in risk of fractures. The management of skeletal fragility in DTC may be challenging, since prediction of fractures is a matter of uncertainty and data on effectiveness and safety of bone-active agents in this clinical setting are still scanty. This review deals with pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of skeletal fragility of patients with DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cellini
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Rotondi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M L Tanda
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine Unit, University of Insubria, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Viale Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - E Piantanida
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine Unit, University of Insubria, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Viale Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - L Chiovato
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Beck-Peccoz
- University of Milan, Via Pietro Custodi 16, 20136, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lania
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4 Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Mazziotti
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4 Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy
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20
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Lakatos P, Szili B, Bakos B, Takacs I, Putz Z, Istenes I. Thyroid Hormones, Glucocorticoids, Insulin, and Bone. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 262:93-120. [PMID: 32036458 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several endocrine systems have important effects on bone tissue. Thyroid hormones are essential for normal growth and development. Excess of these hormones will result in clinically significant changes that may require intervention. Glucocorticoids also have a marked effect on bone metabolism by several pathways. Their endogenous or exogenous excess will induce pathological processes that might elevate the risk of fractures. Insulin and the carbohydrate metabolism elicit a physiological effect on bone; however, the lack of insulin (type 1 diabetes) or insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes) have deleterious influence on bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lakatos
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balazs Szili
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Bakos
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Takacs
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Putz
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Istenes
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Hönes GS, Geist D, Moeller LC. Noncanonical Action of Thyroid Hormone Receptors α and
β. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 128:383-387. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1088-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) is essential for the regulation of many physiological
processes, especially growth, organ development, energy metabolism and
cardiovascular effects. TH acts via the TH receptors (TR) α and
β. By binding to thyroid hormone responsive elements (TREs) on the DNA,
TRs regulate expression of TH target genes. Thus, TRs are mainly characterized
as ligand dependent transcription factors and regulation of gene expression and
protein synthesis is considered the canonical mode of TH/TR action. The
demonstration that the ligand-bound TRs α and β also mediate
activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway established
noncanonical TH/TR action as an additional mode of TH signaling.
Recently, TR mutant mouse models allowed to determine the underlying mode of
TH/TR action, either canonical or noncanonical TH/TR signaling,
for several physiological TH effects in vivo: Regulation of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis requires DNA-binding of TRβ, whereas
hepatic triglyceride content appears to be regulated by noncanonical TRβ
signaling. TRα mediated effects in bone development are dependent on
DNA-binding, whereas several cardiovascular TRα effects are rapid and
independent from DNA-binding. Therefore, noncanonical TH/TR action
contributes to the overall effects of TH in physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (G.S.H., D:G.,
L.C.M.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen,
Germany
| | - Daniela Geist
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (G.S.H., D:G.,
L.C.M.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen,
Germany
| | - Lars C. Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (G.S.H., D:G.,
L.C.M.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen,
Germany
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22
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Comment on: Molecular Functions of Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Regulation of Cancer Progression and Anti-Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082684. [PMID: 32294891 PMCID: PMC7215323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Shibata Y, Tanizaki Y, Shi YB. Thyroid hormone receptor beta is critical for intestinal remodeling during Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:46. [PMID: 32231780 PMCID: PMC7099810 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid hormone (T3) is critical for development in all vertebrates. The mechanism underlying T3 effect has been difficult to study due to the uterus-enclosed nature of mammalian embryos. Anuran metamorphosis, which is dependent on T3 but independent of maternal influence, is an excellent model to study the roles of T3 and its receptors (TRs) during vertebrate development. We and others have reported various effects of TR knockout (TRα and TRβ) during Xenopus tropicalis development. However, these studies were largely focused on external morphology. Results We have generated TRβ knockout animals containing an out-frame-mutation of 5 base deletion by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and observed that TRβ knockout does not affect premetamorphic tadpole development. We have found that the basal expression of direct T3-inducible genes is increased but their upregulation by T3 is reduced in the intestine of premetamorphic homozygous TRβ knockout animals, accompanied by reduced target binding by TR. More importantly, we have observed reduced adult stem cell proliferation and larval epithelial apoptosis in the intestine during T3-induced metamorphosis. Conclusions Our data suggest that TRβ plays a critical role in intestinal remodeling during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shibata
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Yuta Tanizaki
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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24
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Buffenstein R, Lewis KN, Gibney PA, Narayan V, Grimes KM, Smith M, Lin TD, Brown-Borg HM. Probing Pedomorphy and Prolonged Lifespan in Naked Mole-Rats and Dwarf Mice. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:96-111. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00032.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pedomorphy, maintenance of juvenile traits throughout life, is most pronounced in extraordinarily long-lived naked mole-rats. Many of these traits (e.g., slow growth rates, low hormone levels, and delayed sexual maturity) are shared with spontaneously mutated, long-lived dwarf mice. Although some youthful traits likely evolved as adaptations to subterranean habitats (e.g., thermolability), the nature of these intrinsic pedomorphic features may also contribute to their prolonged youthfulness, longevity, and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick A. Gibney
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Vikram Narayan
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kelly M. Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Megan Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Tzuhua D. Lin
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Holly M. Brown-Borg
- Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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25
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Gao Y, Liu Z, Jia D, Hu Q, Li L, Tang R, Li D. Acute microcystin-LR exposure interfere thyroid hormones homeostasis in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125258. [PMID: 31734598 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in the aquatic environment may disturb thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis. It is not clear how MC-LR affects downstream biological processes after TH disturbance. After exposure to 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/L MC-LR for 24, 48, 72, or 96 h, alterations of the TH metabolism of adult zebrafish at thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) levels, and iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio) activity, were observed. After exposure to MC-LR at 400 μg/L, T3 and T4 levels decreased significantly in females (p < 0.05) and returned to normal levels at 96 h. In males, T4 levels were not significantly different between groups. The expression of corticotropin releasing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit, transthyretin, sodium/iodide cotransporter, thrombopoietin, thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta changed, but not in a dose-dependent manner. Acute MC-LR exposure induced a negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in adult zebrafish, and females were more sensitive than males. In conclusion, acute MC-LR exposure disrupted the TH metabolism by altering Dio activity and gene expression of the HPT axis; these changes may affect the complement system through regulation of c9 mRNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Plateau Fishery Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zidong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Plateau Fishery Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qing Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Plateau Fishery Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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26
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Shibata Y, Wen L, Okada M, Shi YB. Organ-Specific Requirements for Thyroid Hormone Receptor Ensure Temporal Coordination of Tissue-Specific Transformations and Completion of Xenopus Metamorphosis. Thyroid 2020; 30:300-313. [PMID: 31854240 PMCID: PMC7047119 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine [T3]) is essential for the development throughout vertebrates. Anuran metamorphosis mimics mammalian postembryonic development, a period around birth when plasma T3 level peaks and many organs/tissues mature into their adult forms. Compared with the uterus-enclosed mammalian embryos, tadpoles can be easily manipulated to study the roles of T3 and T3 receptors (TRs) in tissue remodeling and adult organ development. We and others have previously knocked out TRα or TRβ in the diploid anuran Xenopus tropicalis and reported distinct effects of the two receptor knockouts on metamorphosis. However, animals lacking either TRα or TRβ can complete metamorphosis and develop into reproductive adults. Methods: We have generated TRα and TRβ double knockout animals and carried out molecular and morphological analyses to determine if TR is required for Xenopus development. Results: We found that the TR double knockout tadpoles do not respond to T3, supporting the view that there are no other TR genes in X. tropicalis and that TR is essential for mediating the effects of T3 in vivo. Surprisingly, the double knockout tadpoles are able to initiate metamorphosis and accomplish many metamorphic changes, such as limb development. However, all double knockout tadpoles stall and eventually die at stage 61, the climax of metamorphosis, before tail resorption takes place. Analyses of the knockout tadpoles at stage 61 revealed various developmental abnormalities, including precocious ossification and extra vertebrae. Conclusions: Our data indicate that TRs are not required for the initiation of metamorphosis but is essential for the completion of metamorphosis. Furthermore, the differential effects of TR knockout on different organs/tissues suggest tissue-specific roles for TR to control temporal coordination and progression of metamorphosis in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shibata
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luan Wen
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Morihiro Okada
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Address correspondence to: Yun-Bo Shi, PhD, Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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27
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Zhang W, Chen L, Diao J, Zhou Z. Effects of cis-bifenthrin enantiomers on the growth, behavioral, biomarkers of oxidative damage and bioaccumulation in Xenopus laevis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 214:105237. [PMID: 31276910 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chirality should be taken into consideration when assessing the effect of synthetic pyrethroids to aquatic environmental safety. In our study, 96 h acute toxicity assay showed that enantiomers of cis-BF had an addictive effect of toxicity on Xenopus laevis and R-cis-bifenthrin(R-cis-BF) had higher acute toxicity than S-cis-BF. In chronic assay, R-cis-BF exerted more toxic effect on behavior and development of tadpoles than S-cis-BF, and there was also enantioselective effect of cis-BF on antioxidant enzyme and LDH activity. Besides, thyroid development was also affected at the gene and hormone level, with varied effects observed with different exposure enantiomers. Moreover, in the enantioselective accumulation and tissue distribution of enantiomer assays, results showed that R-cis-BF had higher affinity to organisms than S-cis-BF. This study provided the evidence that chiral pesticides enantioselectively affected development of amphibians, and also shed light on the understanding of enantioselectivity in both acute and chronic eco-toxicities to improve risk assessment and regulation of chiral pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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28
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Riegraf C, Reifferscheid G, Belkin S, Moscovici L, Shakibai D, Hollert H, Buchinger S. Combination of yeast-based in vitro screens with high-performance thin-layer chromatography as a novel tool for the detection of hormonal and dioxin-like compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1081:218-230. [PMID: 31446961 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The combination of classic in vitro bioassays with high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a promising technique to directly link chemical analysis of contaminants to their potential adverse biological effects. With respect to endocrine disruption, much work is focused on estrogenicity. While a direct combination of HPTLC and the yeast estrogen screen is already developed, it is well accepted that further endocrine effects are relevant for monitoring environmental wellbeing. Here we show that non-estrogenic specific biological endpoints, (partly) related to the endocrine system, can also be addressed by combining respective yeast reporter gene assays with HPTLC to support effect-directed analysis (EDA). These are: androgenicity (YAS), thyroidogenicity (YTS), dioxin-like effects (YDS), effects on the vitamin D (YVS) and the retinoic acid receptor (YRaS). A proof of principle is demonstrated within this study by the characterization of dose-dependent responses to different model compounds for the respective receptors with and without chromatographic development of the HPTLC-plate. Limits of quantification (LOQ) for several model compounds were determined, e.g. 37 pg for testosterone (p-YAS), 0.476 ng for β-naphthoflavone (p-YDS) and 1.02 ng for calcipotriol hydrate (p-YVS) with chromatographic development. The LOQ for p-YTS and p-YRaS were 10.16 pg for 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid (p-YTS) and 0.41 pg for tamibarotene (p-YRaS), without chromatographic separation. Furthermore, we challenged the developed methodology using environmental samples, demonstrating an elimination efficiency of androgenic activity from municipal wastewater by a wastewater treatment plant between 99.4 and 100%. We anticipate our methodology to substantially broaden the spectrum of specific endpoints combined with HPTLC for an efficient and robust screening of environmental samples to guide a subsequent in-depth EDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Riegraf
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068, Koblenz, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Shimshon Belkin
- Hebrew University, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Liat Moscovici
- Hebrew University, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Dror Shakibai
- Hebrew University, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068, Koblenz, Germany.
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29
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Calligaro H, Coutanson C, Najjar RP, Mazzaro N, Cooper HM, Haddjeri N, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Dkhissi-Benyahya O. Rods contribute to the light-induced phase shift of the retinal clock in mammals. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2006211. [PMID: 30822304 PMCID: PMC6415865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin-containing ganglion cells (ipRGCs) all drive light entrainment of the master circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, recent studies have proposed that entrainment of the mouse retinal clock is exclusively mediated by a UV-sensitive photopigment, neuropsin (OPN5). Here, we report that the retinal circadian clock can be phase shifted by short duration and relatively low-irradiance monochromatic light in the visible part of the spectrum, up to 520 nm. Phase shifts exhibit a classical photon dose-response curve. Comparing the response of mouse models that specifically lack middle-wavelength (MW) cones, melanopsin, and/or rods, we found that only the absence of rods prevented light-induced phase shifts of the retinal clock, whereas light-induced phase shifts of locomotor activity are normal. In a “rod-only” mouse model, phase shifting response of the retinal clock to light is conserved. At shorter UV wavelengths, our results also reveal additional recruitment of short-wavelength (SW) cones and/or OPN5. These findings suggest a primary role of rod photoreceptors in the light response of the retinal clock in mammals. The mammalian retina contains a circadian clock that plays a crucial role in adapting retinal physiology and visual function to light/dark changes. In addition, the retina coordinates rhythmic behavior and physiology by providing visual input to the master hypothalamic clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus through a network of retinal photoreceptor cells involving rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin-containing ganglion cells (ipRGCs). In contrast, recent studies argue that none of these photoreceptors are involved in light responses of the retinal clock and propose that photoresponses are exclusively mediated by the UV-sensitive photopigment neuropsin (OPN5). Our study demonstrates that rods are required to phase shift the retinal clock, while melanopsin and middle-wavelength (MW) cones influence the intrinsic period of the clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Calligaro
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
| | - Christine Coutanson
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
| | - Raymond P. Najjar
- Visual Neurosciences Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nadia Mazzaro
- CNRS UPR3212, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Howard M. Cooper
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
| | | | - Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
- * E-mail:
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Zhang W, Chen L, Xu Y, Deng Y, Zhang L, Qin Y, Wang Z, Liu R, Zhou Z, Diao J. Amphibian (Rana nigromaculata)exposed to cyproconazole: Changes in growth index, behavioral endpoints, antioxidant biomarkers, thyroid and gonad development. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:62-70. [PMID: 30639745 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a major cause of reduction in the global population of amphibians. This study investigates the effect of varying concentrations of cyproconazole (1 and 10 mg/L) on Rana nigromaculata during a chronic 90 days exposure period. High levels of cyproconazole (10 mg/L) induced declined body weight, short snout-vent length, slow metamorphic development and abnormal behavioral endpoints in R. nigromaculata tadpoles. Tadpoles exposed to 10 mg/L did not survive beyond 42 days. Abnormal behaviors were observed more frequently with exposure to the highest concentration of cyproconazole. Compared with controls, the concentrations of dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased in tadpoles exposed to 1 mg/L cyproconazole. However, when the concentration of cyproconazole increased to 10 mg/L, concentrations of SOD, GSH and CAT activity began to decline. In addition, thyroid and gonad development were also affected at the gene and hormone level, with varied effects observed with different exposure levels and days. Exposure to cyproconazole at the lower level of 1 mg/L induced damage to histological structures of the thyroid gland. Stereoselective tissue distribution and bioaccumulation of cyproconazole was observed in tadpoles. The ranked order of bioaccumulation was: enantiomer -4 > 3> 2 > 1, with the level of cyproconazole highest in the gut. These findings reflect the toxicity of cyproconazole to R. nigromaculata and further our understanding of the effects of pesticide exposure on global amphibian population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- ICU, Binzhou City People's Hospital, Wenhua Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256800, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yinan Qin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone has profound effects on skeletal development and adult bone maintenance. Here, we review the current literature concerning thyroid hormone action in bone and cartilage in relation to human disease and animal models. We describe state-of-the-art imaging and biomechanical methods used to determine structural and functional parameters in the skeletal phenotyping of mouse models.
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) were cloned based on their homology with the retroviral oncogene v-ERBA. In Vertebrates two genes, THRA and THRB, encode respectively many isotypes and isoforms of receptors TRα and TRβ, resulting from alternative splicing and/or internal transcription start sites. We present here a wide overview of this diversity and of their mechanisms of action as transcription regulators, as well as alternative actions through cytoplasmic signaling.
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Rurale G, Cicco ED, Dentice M, Salvatore D, Persani L, Marelli F, Luongo C. Thyroid Hormone Hyposensitivity: From Genotype to Phenotype and Back. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:912. [PMID: 32038483 PMCID: PMC6992580 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone action defects (THADs) have been classically considered conditions of impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone (TH). They were originally referring to alterations in TH receptor genes (THRA and THRB), but the discovery of genetic mutations and polymorphisms causing alterations in cell membrane transport (e.g., MCT8) and metabolism (e.g., SECISBP2, DIO2) led recently to a new and broader definition of TH hyposensitivity (THH), including not only THADs but all defects that could interfere with the activity of TH. Due to the different functions and tissue-specific expression of these genes, affected patients exhibit highly variable phenotypes. Some of them are characterized by a tissue hypothyroidism or well-recognizable alterations in the thyroid function tests (TFTs), whereas others display a combination of hypo- and hyperthyroid manifestations with normal or only subtle biochemical defects. The huge effort of basic research has greatly aided the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying THADs, dissecting the morphological and functional alterations on target tissues, and defining the related-changes in the biochemical profile. In this review, we describe different pictures in which a specific alteration in the TFTs (TSH, T4, and T3 levels) is caused by defects in a specific gene. Altogether these findings can help clinicians to early recognize and diagnose THH and to perform a more precise genetic screening and therapeutic intervention. On the other hand, the identification of new genetic variants will allow the generation of cell-based and animal models to give novel insight into thyroid physiology and establish new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Rurale
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marelli
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federica Marelli
| | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Lin HY, Chen YR, Li ZL, Shih YJ, Davis P, Whang-Peng J, Wang K. Thyroid hormone, PD-L1, and cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_26_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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LaLone CA, Villeneuve DL, Doering JA, Blackwell BR, Transue TR, Simmons CW, Swintek J, Degitz SJ, Williams AJ, Ankley GT. Evidence for Cross Species Extrapolation of Mammalian-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay Results. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13960-13971. [PMID: 30351027 PMCID: PMC8283686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) and computational technologies have emerged as important tools for chemical hazard identification. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the Toxicity ForeCaster (ToxCast) Program, which has screened thousands of chemicals in hundreds of mammalian-based HTS assays for biological activity. The data are being used to prioritize toxicity testing on those chemicals likely to lead to adverse effects. To use HTS assays in predicting hazard to both humans and wildlife, it is necessary to understand how broadly these data may be extrapolated across species. The US EPA Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS; https://seqapass.epa.gov/seqapass/ ) tool was used to assess conservation of the 484 protein targets represented in the suite of ToxCast assays and other HTS assays. To demonstrate the utility of the SeqAPASS data for guiding extrapolation, case studies were developed which focused on targets of interest to the US Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. These case studies provide a line of evidence for conservation of endocrine targets across vertebrate species, with few exceptions, and demonstrate the utility of SeqAPASS for defining the taxonomic domain of applicability for HTS results and identifying organisms for suitable follow-up toxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie A. LaLone
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
- Corresponding Author: Carlie A. LaLone:
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Jon A. Doering
- National Research Council, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Brett R. Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Thomas R. Transue
- CSRA Inc., 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Cody W. Simmons
- CSRA Inc., 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Joe Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Sigmund J. Degitz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Antony J. Williams
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
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Técher R, Houde M, Verreault J. Changes in thyroid axis responses in two ring-billed gull sub-populations differentially exposed to halogenated flame retardants. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:844-854. [PMID: 30103139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing bird embryos may be affected by a number of thyroid disrupting chemicals through maternal transfer. However, thyroid disruption in developing embryos of wild birds remains largely unstudied, especially with respect to exposure to ubiquitous environmental contaminant classes including halogenated flame retardants (HFRs). The objective of the present study was to investigate responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis of developing birds that are exposed to elevated concentrations of HFRs in their environment. Ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) were collected at the external pipping stage (i.e., just prior to hatching) from two sub-populations that are differentially exposed to HFRs in the St. Lawrence River (QC, Canada). Plasma levels of thyroid hormones (THs) and transcription levels of thyroid-related genes in three tissues (i.e., liver, thyroid gland and brain) were related to liver concentrations of HFRs in pipping gulls from these two colonies. Liver polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations were negatively correlated with plasma total T4 and total T4/T3 in pipping ring-billed gulls. Moreover, plasma TH levels and hepatic PBDE concentrations were correlated with the transcription of genes involved in metabolism (deiodinases type 1, 2 and 3) and synthesis (sodium iodide symporter and thyroglobulin) in the thyroid gland, negative feedback loop (thyrotropin and corticotropin releasing hormones) in the brain and the pituitary and targeted action (TH receptors) in the three tissues of gulls. The present study suggested that the alteration of TH homeostasis in developing wild birds through changes in the transcription of several thyroid-related genes may be related to potential PBDE-mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Técher
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Kollitz EM, Kassotis CD, Hoffman K, Ferguson PL, Sosa JA, Stapleton HM. Chemical Mixtures Isolated from House Dust Disrupt Thyroid Receptor β Signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11857-11864. [PMID: 30212187 PMCID: PMC6433547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
House dust is a source of exposure to chemicals that can impact hormone regulation. This study was designed to evaluate the potential of house dust mixtures ( n = 137) to disrupt thyroid hormone nuclear receptor signaling in a cell-based reporter assay and to examine associations with thyroid hormones (TH) measured in residents of the homes. Approximately 41% of the extracts (ranging from 10.5 to 4.097 μg of dust/mL) significantly antagonized thyroid receptor β (TRβ) signaling by 20-67% relative to the hormone control. The concentrations of 12 flame retardants (FRs) quantified in the mixtures were significantly correlated with TRβ antagonism; however, they were inactive when tested individually. We hypothesize that the observed antagonism is due to mixture effects or unidentified compounds that co-occur with FRs. Dust extract potency was significantly associated with free thyroxine (FT4, rs = -0.64, p < 0.001), suggesting that more potent dust samples are associated with higher FT4 levels in residents. Overall, these results suggest that house dust is a significant source of exposure to TH-disrupting chemicals, and TRβ may have a role in mediating effects of exposure on TH levels. Additional studies are needed to identify the chemical(s) driving the observed effects on TRβ and to determine if these changes lead to any adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Kollitz
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Christopher D. Kassotis
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - P. Lee Ferguson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Julie Ann Sosa
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Corresponding Author Information: Phone: (919) 613-8717,
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Neggazi S, Hamlat N, Canaple L, Gauthier K, Samarut J, Bricca G, Aouichat-Bouguerra S, Beylot M. TRα inhibits arterial renin-angiotensin system expression and prevents cholesterol accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2018; 80:89-95. [PMID: 30292450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The tissue renin-angiotensin system (tRAS) plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis but is also implicated in atherosclerosis. Thyroid hormone (TH) contributes, via genomic effects, to control of tRAS gene expression in the arterial wall and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We investigated the specific functions of TH receptors-α and -β (TRα and TRβ) on tRAS gene expression in the aorta and VSMCs, and the potential protective effect of TRα against atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using aorta and cultured aortic VSMCs from TRα and TRβ deficient mice, tRAS gene expression was analyzed by determining mRNA levels on real-time PCR. Gene regulation under cholesterol loading mimicking atherosclerosis conditions was also examined in VSMCs in vitro. RESULTS TRα deletion significantly increased expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin II receptor type 1 subtype a (AT1Ra) at transcriptional level in aorta, a tissue with high TRα expression level. TRα activity thus seems to be required for maintenance of physiological levels of AGTand AT1Raexpression in the arterial wall. In addition, during cholesterol loading, TRα deletion significantly increased cholesterol content in VSMCs, with a weaker decrease in AGTexpression. CONCLUSION TRα seems to have an inhibitory impact on AGTand AT1Raexpression, and loss of TRα function in TRα0/0 mice increases tRAS expression in the aortic wall. More importantly, TRα deletion significantly increases VSMC cholesterol content. Our results are consistent with a protective role of TRα against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Neggazi
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms (Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology team), BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
| | - Nadjiba Hamlat
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms (Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology team), BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
| | - Laurence Canaple
- CNRS, Inra, University of Lyon, Functional Genomics Institute of Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon, 46, avenue d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France.
| | - Karine Gauthier
- CNRS, Inra, University of Lyon, Functional Genomics Institute of Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon, 46, avenue d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France.
| | - Jacques Samarut
- CNRS, Inra, University of Lyon, Functional Genomics Institute of Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon, 46, avenue d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France.
| | - Giampiero Bricca
- EA 4173, Functional Genomics of Arterial Hypertension, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Souhila Aouichat-Bouguerra
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms (Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology team), BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
| | - Michel Beylot
- Platform ANIPHY, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
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Xiang D, Han J, Yao T, Wang Q, Zhou B, Mohamed AD, Zhu G. Editor's Highlight: Structure-Based Investigation on the Binding and Activation of Typical Pesticides With Thyroid Receptor. Toxicol Sci 2018; 160:205-216. [PMID: 28973306 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad range of pesticides have been reported to interfere with the normal function of the thyroid endocrine system. However, the precise mechanism(s) of action has not yet been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, 21 pesticides were assessed for their binding interactions and the potential to disrupt thyroid homeostasis. In the GH3 luciferase reporter gene assays, 5 of the pesticides tested had agonistic effects in the order of procymidone > imidacloprid > mancozeb > fluroxypyr > atrazine. 11 pesticides inhibited luciferase activity of T3 to varying degrees, demonstrating their antagonistic activity. And there are 4 pesticides showed mixed effects when treated with different concentrations. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor technique was used to directly measure the binding interactions of these pesticides to the human thyroid hormone receptor (hTR). 13 pesticides were observed to bind directly with TR, with a KD ranging from 4.80E-08 M to 9.44E-07 M. The association and disassociation of the hTR/pesticide complex revealed 2 distinctive binding modes between the agonists and antagonists. At the same time, a different binding mode was displayed by the pesticides showed mix agonist and antagonist activity. In addition, the molecular docking simulation analyses indicated that the interaction energy calculated by CDOCKER for the agonists and antagonists correlated well with the KD values measured by the surface plasmon resonance assay. These results help to explain the differences of the TR activities of these tested pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xiang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Yao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Abou Donia Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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Gouveia CHA, Miranda-Rodrigues M, Martins GM, Neofiti-Papi B. Thyroid Hormone and Skeletal Development. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:383-472. [PMID: 29407443 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for skeletal development from the late fetal life to the onset of puberty. During this large window of actions, TH has key roles in endochondral and intramembranous ossifications and in the longitudinal bone growth. There is evidence that TH acts directly in skeletal cells but also indirectly, specially via the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, to control the linear skeletal growth and maturation. The presence of receptors, plasma membrane transporters, and activating and inactivating enzymes of TH in skeletal cells suggests that direct actions of TH in these cells are crucial for skeletal development, which has been confirmed by several in vitro and in vivo studies, including mouse genetic studies, and clinical studies in patients with resistance to thyroid hormone due to dominant-negative mutations in TH receptors. This review examines progress made on understanding the mechanisms by which TH regulates the skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia H A Gouveia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Gisele M Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Bianca Neofiti-Papi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Thyroid Hormone Signaling in the Development of the Endochondral Skeleton. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:351-381. [PMID: 29407442 PMCID: PMC9830754 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is an established regulator of skeletal growth and maintenance both in clinical studies and in laboratory models. The clinical consequences of altered thyroid status on the skeleton during development and in adulthood are well known, and genetic mouse models in which elements of the TH signaling axis have been manipulated illuminate the mechanisms which underlie TH regulation of the skeleton. TH is involved in the regulation of the balance between proliferation and differentiation in several skeletal cell types including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. The effects of TH are mediated primarily via the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) α and β, ligand-inducible nuclear receptors which act as transcription factors to regulate target gene expression. Both TRα and TRβ signaling are important for different stages of skeletal development. The molecular mechanisms of TH action in bone are complex and include interaction with a number of growth factor signaling pathways. This review provides an overview of the regulation and mechanisms of TH action in bone, focusing particularly on the role of TH in endochondral bone formation during postnatal growth.
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Frau C, Godart M, Plateroti M. Thyroid hormone regulation of intestinal epithelial stem cell biology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:90-97. [PMID: 28288904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a well-characterized target of thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone nuclear receptors TRs, as extensively described in the literature. The paradigm is its important remodelling in amphibians during thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphosis. Interestingly, several studies have described the conservation of this hormonal signal during intestinal development in mammals. Additional data suggested that it may also play a role in intestinal homeostasis, stem cell physiology and progenitor commitment as well as in tumour development. It is worth underlining that in the mammalian intestine the functionality of the TRα1 receptor is coordinated and integrated with other signalling pathways, such as Wnt and Notch, specifically at the level of stem/progenitor cell populations. Here, we summarize these data and concepts and discuss this new role for thyroid hormones and the TRα1 receptor in the biology of intestinal epithelial precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Matthias Godart
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France.
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Noncanonical thyroid hormone signaling mediates cardiometabolic effects in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11323-E11332. [PMID: 29229863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706801115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) and TH receptors (TRs) α and β act by binding to TH response elements (TREs) in regulatory regions of target genes. This nuclear signaling is established as the canonical or type 1 pathway for TH action. Nevertheless, TRs also rapidly activate intracellular second-messenger signaling pathways independently of gene expression (noncanonical or type 3 TR signaling). To test the physiological relevance of noncanonical TR signaling, we generated knockin mice with a mutation in the TR DNA-binding domain that abrogates binding to DNA and leads to complete loss of canonical TH action. We show that several important physiological TH effects are preserved despite the disruption of DNA binding of TRα and TRβ, most notably heart rate, body temperature, blood glucose, and triglyceride concentration, all of which were regulated by noncanonical TR signaling. Additionally, we confirm that TRE-binding-defective TRβ leads to disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis with resistance to TH, while mutation of TRα causes a severe delay in skeletal development, thus demonstrating tissue- and TR isoform-specific canonical signaling. These findings provide in vivo evidence that noncanonical TR signaling exerts physiologically important cardiometabolic effects that are distinct from canonical actions. These data challenge the current paradigm that in vivo physiological TH action is mediated exclusively via regulation of gene transcription at the nuclear level.
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Martinez B, Scheibner M, Soñanez-Organis JG, Jaques JT, Crocker DE, Ortiz RM. Increased sensitivity of thyroid hormone-mediated signaling despite prolonged fasting. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 252:36-47. [PMID: 28743556 PMCID: PMC5580341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) can increase cellular metabolism. Food deprivation in mammals is typically associated with reduced thyroid gland responsiveness, in an effort to suppress cellular metabolism and abate starvation. However, in prolonged-fasted, elephant seal pups, cellular TH-mediated proteins are up-regulated and TH levels are maintained with fasting duration. The function and contribution of the thyroid gland to this apparent paradox is unknown and physiologically perplexing. Here we show that the thyroid gland remains responsive during prolonged food deprivation, and that its function and production of TH increase with fasting duration in elephant seals. We discovered that our modeled plasma TH data in response to exogenous thyroid stimulating hormone predicted cellular signaling, which was corroborated independently by the enzyme expression data. The data suggest that the regulation and function of the thyroid gland in the northern elephant seal is atypical for a fasted animal, and can be better described as, "adaptive fasting". Furthermore, the modeling data help substantiate the in vivo responses measured, providing unique insight on hormone clearance, production rates, and thyroid gland responsiveness. Because these unique endocrine responses occur simultaneously with a nearly strict reliance on the oxidation of lipid, these findings provide an intriguing model to better understand the TH-mediated reliance on lipid metabolism that is not otherwise present in morbidly obese humans. When coupled with cellular, tissue-specific responses, these data provide a more integrated assessment of thyroidal status that can be extrapolated for many fasting/food deprived mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Michael Scheibner
- Department of Physics, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - José G Soñanez-Organis
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Lázaro Cárdenas del Río No. 100, Francisco Villa, Navojoa, Sonora 85880, Mexico
| | - John T Jaques
- Texas A&M Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 1 Sippel Road, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, 1801 E. Cotati Avenue, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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Thyroid hormone regulates hematopoiesis via the TR-KLF9 axis. Blood 2017; 130:2161-2170. [PMID: 28972010 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-783043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most prevalent endocrine diseases, for which the underlying mechanisms remain unknown; it is often accompanied by anemia and immunodeficiency in patients. Here, we created a severe CH model together with anemia and T lymphopenia to mimic the clinical features of hypothyroid patients by ethylnitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis in Bama miniature pigs. A novel recessive c.1226A>G transition of the dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene was identified as the causative mutation. This mutation hindered the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thus contributed to thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis failure. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of the thymuses showed that Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) was predominantly downregulated in hypothyroid mutants. KLF9 was verified to be directly regulated by TH in a TH receptor (TR)-dependent manner both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown of klf9 in zebrafish embryos impaired hematopoietic development including erythroid maturation and T lymphopoiesis. Our findings suggest that the TR-KLF9 axis is responsible for the hematopoietic dysfunction and might be exploited for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for thyroid diseases.
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Martinez B, Ortiz RM. Thyroid Hormone Regulation and Insulin Resistance: Insights From Animals Naturally Adapted to Fasting. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:141-151. [PMID: 28202624 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of thyroidal status in insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis has been implicated as a potential pathophysiological factor in humans, but the specific mechanisms remain largely elusive. Fasting induces changes in both thyroid hormone secretion and insulin signaling. Here, we explore how mammals that undergo natural, prolonged bouts of fasting provide unique insight into evolved physiological adaptations that allow them to tolerate such conditions despite intermittent states of reversible insulin resistance. Such insights from nature may provide clues to better understand the basis of thyroidal involvement in insulin dysregulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
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Srichomkwun P, Anselmo J, Liao XH, Hönes GS, Moeller LC, Alonso-Sampedro M, Weiss RE, Dumitrescu AM, Refetoff S. Fetal Exposure to High Maternal Thyroid Hormone Levels Causes Central Resistance to Thyroid Hormone in Adult Humans and Mice. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3234-3240. [PMID: 28586435 PMCID: PMC5587072 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Context Fetuses exposed to the high thyroid hormone (TH) levels of mothers with resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTH-β), due to mutations in the THRB gene, have low birth weight and suppressed TSH. Objective Determine if such exposure to high TH levels in embryonic life has a long-term effect into adulthood. Design Observations in humans with a parallel design on animals to obtain a preliminary information regarding mechanism. Setting University research centers. Patients or other participants Humans and mice with no RTH-β exposed during intrauterine life to high TH levels from mothers who were euthyroid due to RTH-β. Controls were humans and mice of the same genotype but born to fathers with RTH-β and mothers without RTH-β and thus, with normal serum TH levels. Interventions TSH responses to stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) during adult life in humans and male mice before and after treatment with triiodothyronine (T3). We also measured gene expression in anterior pituitaries, hypothalami, and cerebral cortices of mice. Results Adult humans and mice without RTH-β, exposed to high maternal TH in utero, showed persistent central resistance to TH, as evidenced by reduced responses of serum TSH to TRH when treated with T3. In mice, anterior pituitary TSH-β and deiodinase 3 (D3) mRNAs, but not hypothalamic and cerebral cortex D3, were increased. Conclusions Adult humans and mice without RTH-β exposed in utero to high maternal TH levels have persistent central resistance to TH. This is likely mediated by the increased expression of D3 in the anterior pituitary, enhancing local T3 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Anselmo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Divino Espírito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Azores-Portugal
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - G. Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Lars C. Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg, Essen 45122, Germany
| | | | - Roy E. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | | | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Department of Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Holzer G, Laudet V. New Insights into Vertebrate Thyroid Hormone Receptor Evolution. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.11131/2017/101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Holzer
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, 1 avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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50
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Jara EL, Muñoz-Durango N, Llanos C, Fardella C, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Modulating the function of the immune system by thyroid hormones and thyrotropin. Immunol Lett 2017; 184:76-83. [PMID: 28216261 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a close bidirectional communication and regulation between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Thyroid hormones (THs) can exert responses in various immune cells, e.g., monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes, affecting several inflammation-related processes (such as, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and cytokines production). The interactions between the endocrine and immune systems have been shown to contribute to pathophysiological conditions, including sepsis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. Under these conditions, TH therapy could contribute to restoring normal physiological functions. Here we discuss the effects of THs and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on the immune system and the contribution to inflammation and pathogen clearance, as well as the consequences of thyroid pathologies over the function of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn L Jara
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Llanos
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Fardella
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 350, Santiago, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France.
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile.
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