1
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Yu Z, Ueno K, Funayama R, Sakai M, Nariai N, Kojima K, Kikuchi Y, Li X, Ono C, Kanatani J, Ono J, Iwamoto K, Hashimoto K, Kinoshita K, Nakayama K, Nagasaki M, Tomita H. Sex-Specific Differences in the Transcriptome of the Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1083-1098. [PMID: 36414910 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia presents clinical and biological differences between males and females. This study investigated transcriptional profiles in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using postmortem data from the largest RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) database on schizophrenic cases and controls. Data for 154 male and 113 female controls and 160 male and 93 female schizophrenic cases were obtained from the CommonMind Consortium. In the RNA-seq database, the principal component analysis showed that sex effects were small in schizophrenia. After we analyzed the impact of sex-specific differences on gene expression, the female group showed more significantly changed genes compared with the male group. Based on the gene ontology analysis, the female sex-specific genes that changed were overrepresented in the mitochondrion, ATP (phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate)-, and metal ion-binding relevant biological processes. An ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes related to schizophrenia in the female group were involved in midbrain dopaminergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons and microglia. We used methylated DNA-binding domain-sequencing analyses and microarray to investigate the DNA methylation that potentially impacts the sex differences in gene transcription using a maternal immune activation (MIA) murine model. Among the sex-specific positional genes related to schizophrenia in the PFC of female offspring from MIA, the changes in the methylation and transcriptional expression of loci ACSBG1 were validated in the females with schizophrenia in independent postmortem samples by real-time PCR and pyrosequencing. Our results reveal potential genetic risks in the DLPFC for the sex-dependent prevalence and symptomology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kazuko Ueno
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mai Sakai
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Nariai
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaname Kojima
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Junpei Kanatani
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Jiro Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Human Biosciences Unit for the Top Global Course Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute for Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Bryson A, Reid C, Petrou S. Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: GABA A receptor neurotransmission and epilepsy: Principles, disease mechanisms and pharmacotherapy. J Neurochem 2023; 165:6-28. [PMID: 36681890 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder associated with alterations of excitation-inhibition balance within brain neuronal networks. GABAA receptor neurotransmission is the most prevalent form of inhibitory neurotransmission and is strongly implicated in both the pathophysiology and treatment of epilepsy, serving as a primary target for antiseizure medications for over a century. It is now established that GABA exerts a multifaceted influence through an array of GABAA receptor subtypes that extends far beyond simply negating excitatory activity. As the role of GABAA neurotransmission within inhibitory circuits is elaborated, this will enable the development of precision therapies that correct the network dysfunction underlying epileptic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bryson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Reid
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Praxis Precision Medicines, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Cheung JP, Tubbs JD, Sham PC. Extended gene set analysis of human neuro-psychiatric traits shows enrichment in brain-expressed human accelerated regions across development. Schizophr Res 2022; 246:148-155. [PMID: 35779326 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with genetic and environmental factors affecting the brain, which has been subjected to strong evolutionary pressures resulting in an enlarged cerebral cortex and improved cognitive performance. Thus, genes involved in human brain evolution may also play a role in neuropsychiatric disorders. We test whether genes associated with 7 neuropsychiatric phenotypes are enriched in genomic regions that have experienced rapid changes in human evolution (HARs) and importantly, whether HAR status interacts with developmental brain expression to predict associated genes. We used the most recent publicly available GWAS and gene expression data to test for enrichment of HARs, brain expression, and their interaction. These revealed significant interactions between HAR status and whole-brain expression across developmental stages, indicating that the relationship between brain expression and association with schizophrenia and intelligence is stronger among HAR than non-HAR genes. Follow-up regional analyses indicated that predicted HAR-expression interaction effects may vary substantially across regions and developmental stages. Although depression indicated significant enrichment of HAR genes, little support was found for HAR enrichment among bipolar, autism, ADHD, or Alzheimer's associated genes. Our results indicate that intelligence, schizophrenia, and depression-associated genes are enriched for those involved in the evolution of the human brain. These findings highlight promising candidates for follow-up study and considerations for novel drug development, but also caution careful assessment of the translational ability of animal models for studying neuropsychiatric traits in the context of HARs, and the importance of using humanized animal models or human-derived tissues when researching these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Justin D Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Anxiety and hippocampal neuronal activity: Relationship and potential mechanisms. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:431-449. [PMID: 34873665 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus has been implicated in modulating anxiety. It interacts with a variety of brain regions, both cortical and subcortical areas regulating emotion and stress responses, including prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and the nucleus accumbens, to adjust anxiety levels in response to a variety of stressful conditions. Growing evidence indicates that anxiety is associated with increased neuronal excitability in the hippocampus, and alterations in local regulation of hippocampal excitability have been suggested to underlie behavioral disruptions characteristic of certain anxiety disorders. Furthermore, studies have shown that some anxiolytics can treat anxiety by altering the excitability and plasticity of hippocampal neurons. Hence, identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms and neural circuits that regulate hippocampal excitability in anxiety may be beneficial for developing targeted interventions for treatment of anxiety disorders particularly for the treatment-resistant cases. We first briefly review a role of the hippocampus in fear. We then review the evidence indicating a relationship between the hippocampal activity and fear/anxiety and discuss some possible mechanisms underlying stress-induced hippocampal excitability and anxiety-related behavior.
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5
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Gao J, Mizokami A, Takeuchi H, Li A, Huang F, Nagano H, Kanematsu T, Jimi E, Hirata M. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein acts as a positive regulator for insulin signalling in adipocytes. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273924. [PMID: 34859819 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin signalling is tightly controlled by various factors, but the exact molecular mechanism remains incompletely understood. We previously reported that phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) interacts with Akt, the central molecule in insulin signalling. Here, we investigated whether PRIP is involved in the regulation of insulin signalling in adipocytes. We found that insulin signalling including insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Akt, and glucose uptake, were impaired in adipocytes from PRIP-knockout (KO) mice compared with those from wild-type (WT) mice. The amount of IR expressed on the cell-surface was decreased in PRIP-KO adipocytes. Immunoprecipitation assay showed that PRIP interacted with IR. The reduced cell-surface IR in PRIP-KO adipocytes was comparable with that in WT cells when Rab5 expression was silenced using specific siRNA. In contrast, the dephosphorylation of IRS-1 at serine residues, some of which were reported to be involved in the internalisation of IR, was impaired in cells from PRIP-KO mice. These results suggest that PRIP facilitates insulin signalling by modulating the internalisation of IR in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizokami
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Pharmacology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Aonan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruki Nagano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
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6
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GABA Signaling Pathway-associated Gene PLCL1 Rare Variants May be Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1240-1245. [PMID: 34089506 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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7
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Maetani Y, Asano S, Mizokami A, Yamawaki Y, Sano T, Hirata M, Irifune M, Kanematsu T. Expression of PRIP, a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding protein, attenuates PI3K/AKT signaling and suppresses tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:106-113. [PMID: 33743346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation resulting from aberrant cell cycle progression. The activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling, a regulatory pathway for the cell cycle, stabilizes cyclin D1 in the G1 phase by inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) via phosphorylation. We previously reported that phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP), a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] binding protein, regulates PI3K/AKT signaling by competitively inhibiting substrate recognition by PI3K. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether PRIP is involved in cell cycle progression. PRIP silencing in MCF-7 cells, a human breast cancer cell line, demonstrated PI(3,4,5)P3 signals accumulated at the cell periphery compared to that of the control. This suggests that PRIP reduction enhances PI(3,4,5)P3-mediated signaling. Consistently, PRIP silencing in MCF-7 cells exhibited increased phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β which resulted in cyclin D1 accumulation. In contrast, the exogenous expression of PRIP in MCF-7 cells evidenced stronger downregulation of AKT and GSK3β phosphorylation, reduced accumulation of cyclin D1, and diminished cell proliferation in comparison to control cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that MCF-7 cells stably expressing PRIP attenuate cell cycle progression. Importantly, tumor growth of MCF-7 cells stably expressing PRIP was considerably prevented in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, PRIP expression downregulates PI3K/AKT/GSK3β-mediated cell cycle progression and suppresses tumor growth. Therefore, we propose that PRIP is a new therapeutic target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Maetani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizokami
- OBT Research Center, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamawaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Laboratory of Advanced Pharmacology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sano
- Department of Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Irifune
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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8
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Mahmoodkhani M, Ghasemi M, Derafshpour L, Amini M, Mehranfard N. Long-Term Decreases in the Expression of Calcineurin and GABAA Receptors Induced by Early Maternal Separation Are Associated with Increased Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult Male Rats. Dev Neurosci 2020; 42:135-144. [PMID: 33341802 DOI: 10.1159/000512221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early life stress is a well-described risk factor of anxiety disorders in adulthood. Dysfunction in GABA/glutamate receptors and their functional regulator, calcineurin, is linked to anxiety disorders. Here, we investigated the effect of early life stress, such as repeated maternal separation (MS; 3 h per day from postnatal day [P] 2 to 11), on changes in the expression of calcineurin as well as the ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors including α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and GABAA receptors in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adolescent (P35) and adult (P62) male Wistar rats and their correlations with anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. METHODS The protein levels were assessed by Western blot analysis. Anxiety-like behavior was measured in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests. RESULTS MS induced a regional transient decrease of glutamate receptors expression at P35, with decreased NMDA and AMPA receptor levels, respectively, in the hippocampus and PFC, suggesting a possible decrease in excitatory synaptic strength. In contrast to glutamate receptors, MS had long-lasting influence on GABAA receptor and calcineurin levels, with reduced expression of GABAA receptor and calcineurin in both brain regions at P35 that continued into adulthood. These results were accompanied by increased anxiety behavior in adulthood, shown by lower percentage of number of total entries and time spent in the open arms of the EPM, and by lower time spent and number of entries in the OF central area. CONCLUSIONS Together, our study suggests that GABAA receptors via calcineurin-dependent signaling pathways may play an important role in the expression of stress-induced anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahmoodkhani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Derafshpour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mehranfard
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran,
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9
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Ward J, Tunbridge EM, Sandor C, Lyall LM, Ferguson A, Strawbridge RJ, Lyall DM, Cullen B, Graham N, Johnston KJA, Webber C, Escott-Price V, O'Donovan M, Pell JP, Bailey MES, Harrison PJ, Smith DJ. The genomic basis of mood instability: identification of 46 loci in 363,705 UK Biobank participants, genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, and association with gene expression and function. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3091-3099. [PMID: 31168069 PMCID: PMC7116257 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric phenotypes have tended to focus on categorical diagnoses, but to understand the biology of mental illness it may be more useful to study traits which cut across traditional boundaries. Here, we report the results of a GWAS of mood instability as a trait in a large population cohort (UK Biobank, n = 363,705). We also assess the clinical and biological relevance of the findings, including whether genetic associations show enrichment for nervous system pathways. Forty six unique loci associated with mood instability were identified with a SNP heritability estimate of 9%. Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSR) analyses identified genetic correlations with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), Schizophrenia, anxiety, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Gene-level and gene set analyses identified 244 significant genes and 6 enriched gene sets. Tissue expression analysis of the SNP-level data found enrichment in multiple brain regions, and eQTL analyses highlighted an inversion on chromosome 17 plus two brain-specific eQTLs. In addition, we used a Phenotype Linkage Network (PLN) analysis and community analysis to assess for enrichment of nervous system gene sets using mouse orthologue databases. The PLN analysis found enrichment in nervous system PLNs for a community containing serotonin and melatonin receptors. In summary, this work has identified novel loci, tissues and gene sets contributing to mood instability. These findings may be relevant for the identification of novel trans-diagnostic drug targets and could help to inform future stratified medicine innovations in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tunbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Cynthia Sandor
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laura M Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy Ferguson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donald M Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Breda Cullen
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas Graham
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Caleb Webber
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark E S Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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10
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Zhen H, Deng H, Song Q, Zheng M, Yuan Z, Cao Z, Pang Q, Zhao B. The Wnt/Ca 2+ signaling pathway is essential for the regeneration of GABAergic neurons in planarian Dugesia japonica. FASEB J 2020; 34:16567-16580. [PMID: 33094857 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903040rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The growth and differentiation of neurons are critical events in the establishment of proper neuron connectivity and function. Planarians have a remarkable ability to completely regenerate a functional nervous system from a pluripotent stem cell population. Thus, planarians provide a powerful model to identify genes required for neuronal differentiation in vivo. The Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway is crucial for cancer development, arousing inflammatory responses, and neurodegeneration. We analyzed the expression patterns and RNAi phenotypes for members of the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway in the planarian, Dugesia japonica. The expression of DjWnt5a, DjPLC-β, DjCamKII, and DjCaln during regeneration was surprisingly similar and revealing in the regenerated brain. RNAi knockdown of DjWnt5a, DjPLC-β, DjCamKII, and DjCaln led to defects in regenerated brains including brain partial deletions, incompact phenotypes at the posterior of the new brain, and lateral branches, which could not regenerate. Furthermore, the expressions of GAD and the number of GABAergic neurons decreased. Together, these results suggest that the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway is required for GABAergic neuron regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhen
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Song
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuoqing Yuan
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghong Cao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong, China
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11
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Kang Y, Saito M, Toyoda H. Molecular and Regulatory Mechanisms of Desensitization and Resensitization of GABA A Receptors with a Special Reference to Propofol/Barbiturate. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020563. [PMID: 31952324 PMCID: PMC7014398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that desensitization of GABAA receptor (GABAAR)-mediated currents is paradoxically correlated with the slowdown of their deactivation, i.e., resensitization. It has been shown that an upregulation of calcineurin enhances the desensitization of GABAAR-mediated currents but paradoxically prolongs the decay phase of inhibitory postsynaptic currents/potentials without appreciable diminution of their amplitudes. The paradoxical correlation between desensitization and resensitization of GABAAR-mediated currents can be more clearly seen in response to a prolonged application of GABA to allow more desensitization, instead of brief pulse used in previous studies. Indeed, hump-like GABAAR currents were produced after a strong desensitization at the offset of a prolonged puff application of GABA in pyramidal cells of the barrel cortex, in which calcineurin activity was enhanced by deleting phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive proteins to enhance the desensitization/resensitization of GABAAR-mediated currents. Hump-like GABAAR currents were also evoked at the offset of propofol or barbiturate applications in hippocampal or sensory neurons, but not GABA applications. Propofol and barbiturate are useful to treat benzodiazepine/alcohol withdrawal syndrome, suggesting that regulatory mechanisms of desensitization/resensitization of GABAAR-mediated currents are important in understanding benzodiazepine/alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and regulatory mechanisms underlying the desensitization and resensitization of GABAAR-mediated currents and their functional significances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngnam Kang
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Toyoda
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (H.T.)
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12
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Yamawaki Y, Shirawachi S, Mizokami A, Nozaki K, Ito H, Asano S, Oue K, Aizawa H, Yamawaki S, Hirata M, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced hypothalamic inflammation-mediated anorexia in mice. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104563. [PMID: 31589911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection induces systemic inflammation through the activation of the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) kinase (IKK)/NF-κB signaling pathway, which promotes brain dysfunction resulting in conditions including anorexia. LPS-mediated reduction of food intake is associated with activation of NF-κB signaling and phosphorylation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the hypothalamus. We recently reported phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) as a new negative regulator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling. AKT regulates the IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of PRIP/AKT signaling in LPS-mediated neuroinflammation-induced anorexia. PRIP gene (Prip1 and Prip2) knockout (Prip-KO) mice intraperitoneally (ip) administered with LPS exhibited increased anorexia responses compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Although few differences were observed between WT and Prip-KO mice in LPS-elicited plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine elevation, hypothalamic pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly upregulated in Prip-KO rather than WT mice. Hypothalamic AKT and IKK phosphorylation and IκB degradation were significantly increased in Prip-KO rather than WT mice, indicating further promotion of AKT-mediated NF-κB signaling. Consistently, hypothalamic STAT3 was further phosphorylated in Prip-KO rather than WT mice. Furthermore, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3), a negative feedback regulator for STAT3 signaling, and cyclooxogenase-2 (Cox2), a candidate molecule in LPS-induced anorexigenic responses, were upregulated in the hypothalamus in Prip-KO rather than WT mice. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in hypothalamic microglia isolated from Prip-KO rather than WT mice. Together, these findings indicate that PRIP negatively regulates LPS-induced anorexia caused by pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the hypothalamus, which is mediated by AKT-activated NF-κB signaling. Importantly, hypothalamic microglia participate in this PRIP-mediated process. Elucidation of PRIP-mediated neuroinflammatory responses may provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of many brain dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamawaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Laboratory of Advanced Pharmacology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Satomi Shirawachi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizokami
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozaki
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ito
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kana Oue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidenori Aizawa
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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13
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Asano S, Ikura Y, Nishimoto M, Yamawaki Y, Hamao K, Kamijo K, Hirata M, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein regulates cytokinesis by protecting phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate from metabolism in the cleavage furrow. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12729. [PMID: 31484968 PMCID: PMC6726632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is initiated by the formation and ingression of the cleavage furrow. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] accumulation followed by RhoA translocation to the cleavage furrow are prerequisites for cytokinesis progression. Here, we investigated whether phospholipase C (PLC)-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP), a metabolic modulator of PI(4,5)P2, regulates PI(4,5)P2-mediated cytokinesis. We found that PRIP localised to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Moreover, HeLa cells with silenced PRIP displayed abnormal cytokinesis. Importantly, PI(4,5)P2 accumulation at the cleavage furrow, as well as the localisation of RhoA and phospho-myosin II regulatory light chain to the cleavage furrow, were reduced in PRIP-silenced cells. The overexpression of oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe-1 (OCRL1), a phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphatase, in cells decreased PI(4,5)P2 levels during early cytokinesis and resulted in cytokinesis abnormalities. However, these abnormal cytokinesis phenotypes were ameliorated by the co-expression of PRIP but not by co-expression of a PI(4,5)P2-unbound PRIP mutant. Collectively, our results indicate that PRIP is a component at the cleavage furrow that maintains PI(4,5)P2 metabolism and regulates RhoA-dependent progression of cytokinesis. Thus, we propose that PRIP regulates phosphoinositide metabolism correctively and mediates normal cytokinesis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yasuka Ikura
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Nishimoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamawaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kozue Hamao
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Keiju Kamijo
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan. .,Department of Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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14
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Furukawa T, Nikaido Y, Shimoyama S, Ogata Y, Kushikata T, Hirota K, Kanematsu T, Hirata M, Ueno S. Phospholipase C-related inactive protein type-1 deficiency affects anesthetic electroencephalogram activity induced by propofol and etomidate in mice. J Anesth 2019; 33:531-542. [PMID: 31332527 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-019-02663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The general anesthetics propofol and etomidate mainly exert their anesthetic actions via GABA A receptor (GABAA-R). The GABAA-R activity is influenced by phospholipase C-related inactive protein type-1 (PRIP-1), which is related to trafficking and subcellular localization of GABAA-R. PRIP-1 deficiency attenuates the behavioral reactions to propofol but not etomidate. However, the effect of these anesthetics and of PRIP-1 deficiency on brain activity of CNS are still unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of propofol and etomidate on the electroencephalogram (EEG). METHODS The cortical EEG activity was recorded in wild-type (WT) and PRIP-1 knockout (PRIP-1 KO) mice. All recorded EEG data were offline analyzed, and the power spectral density and 95% spectral edge frequency of EEG signals were compared between genotypes before and after injections of anesthetics. RESULTS PRIP-1 deficiency induced increases in EEG absolute powers, but did not markedly change the relative spectral powers during waking and sleep states in the absence of anesthesia. Propofol administration induced increases in low-frequency relative EEG activity and decreases in SEF95 values in WT but not in PRIP-1 KO mice. Following etomidate injection, low-frequency EEG power was increased in both genotype groups. At high frequency, the relative power in PRIP-1 KO mice was smaller than that in WT mice. CONCLUSIONS The lack of PRIP-1 disrupted the EEG power distribution, but did not affect the depth of anesthesia after etomidate administration. Our analyses suggest that PRIP-1 is differentially involved in anesthetic EEG activity with the regulation of GABAA-R activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Furukawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaihu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nikaido
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaihu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Shimoyama
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaihu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ogata
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaihu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kushikata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- School of Dental Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaihu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan. .,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
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15
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Kanematsu T, Oue K, Okumura T, Harada K, Yamawaki Y, Asano S, Mizokami A, Irifune M, Hirata M. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein: A novel signaling molecule for modulating fat metabolism and energy expenditure. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Mele M, Costa RO, Duarte CB. Alterations in GABA A-Receptor Trafficking and Synaptic Dysfunction in Brain Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:77. [PMID: 30899215 PMCID: PMC6416223 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptors (GABAAR) are the major players in fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Regulation of GABAAR trafficking and the control of their surface expression play important roles in the modulation of the strength of synaptic inhibition. Different pieces of evidence show that alterations in the surface distribution of GABAAR and dysregulation of their turnover impair the activity of inhibitory synapses. A diminished efficacy of inhibitory neurotransmission affects the excitatory/inhibitory balance and is a common feature of various disorders of the CNS characterized by an increased excitability of neuronal networks. The synaptic pool of GABAAR is mainly controlled through regulation of internalization, recycling and lateral diffusion of the receptors. Under physiological condition these mechanisms are finely coordinated to define the strength of GABAergic synapses. In this review article, we focus on the alteration in GABAAR trafficking with an impact on the function of inhibitory synapses in various disorders of the CNS. In particular we discuss how similar molecular mechanisms affecting the synaptic distribution of GABAAR and consequently the excitatory/inhibitory balance may be associated with a wide diversity of pathologies of the CNS, from psychiatric disorders to acute alterations leading to neuronal death. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the impairment of GABAergic neurotransmission in these disorders, in particular the alterations in GABAAR trafficking and surface distribution, may lead to the identification of new pharmacological targets and to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Mele
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui O Costa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Nicholson MW, Sweeney A, Pekle E, Alam S, Ali AB, Duchen M, Jovanovic JN. Diazepam-induced loss of inhibitory synapses mediated by PLCδ/ Ca 2+/calcineurin signalling downstream of GABAA receptors. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1851-1867. [PMID: 29904150 PMCID: PMC6232101 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines facilitate the inhibitory actions of GABA by binding to γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), GABA-gated chloride/bicarbonate channels, which are the key mediators of transmission at inhibitory synapses in the brain. This activity underpins potent anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of benzodiazepines in patients. However, extended benzodiazepine treatments lead to development of tolerance, a process which, despite its important therapeutic implications, remains poorly characterised. Here we report that prolonged exposure to diazepam, the most widely used benzodiazepine in clinic, leads to a gradual disruption of neuronal inhibitory GABAergic synapses. The loss of synapses and the preceding, time- and dose-dependent decrease in surface levels of GABAARs, mediated by dynamin-dependent internalisation, were blocked by Ro 15-1788, a competitive benzodiazepine antagonist, and bicuculline, a competitive GABA antagonist, indicating that prolonged enhancement of GABAAR activity by diazepam is integral to the underlying molecular mechanism. Characterisation of this mechanism has revealed a metabotropic-type signalling downstream of GABAARs, involving mobilisation of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores and activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which, in turn, dephosphorylates GABAARs and promotes their endocytosis, leading to disassembly of inhibitory synapses. Furthermore, functional coupling between GABAARs and Ca2+ stores was sensitive to phospholipase C (PLC) inhibition by U73122, and regulated by PLCδ, a PLC isoform found in direct association with GABAARs. Thus, a PLCδ/Ca2+/calcineurin signalling cascade converts the initial enhancement of GABAARs by benzodiazepines to a long-term downregulation of GABAergic synapses, this potentially underpinning the development of pharmacological and behavioural tolerance to these widely prescribed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Sweeney
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Eva Pekle
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sabina Alam
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Afia B Ali
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Michael Duchen
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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18
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Lorenz-Guertin JM, Bambino MJ, Jacob TC. γ2 GABA AR Trafficking and the Consequences of Human Genetic Variation. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:265. [PMID: 30190672 PMCID: PMC6116786 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA type A receptors (GABAARs) mediate the majority of fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Most prevalent as heteropentamers composed of two α, two β, and a γ2 subunit, these ligand-gated ionotropic chloride channels are capable of extensive genetic diversity (α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, δ, 𝜀, 𝜃, π, ρ1-3). Part of this selective GABAAR assembly arises from the critical role for γ2 in maintaining synaptic receptor localization and function. Accordingly, mutations in this subunit account for over half of the known epilepsy-associated genetic anomalies identified in GABAARs. Fundamental structure-function studies and cellular pathology investigations have revealed dynamic GABAAR trafficking and synaptic scaffolding as critical regulators of GABAergic inhibition. Here, we introduce in vitro and in vivo findings regarding the specific role of the γ2 subunit in receptor trafficking. We then examine γ2 subunit human genetic variation and assess disease related phenotypes and the potential role of altered GABAAR trafficking. Finally, we discuss new-age imaging techniques and their potential to provide novel insight into critical regulatory mechanisms of GABAAR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Lorenz-Guertin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew J Bambino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tija C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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19
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Fujita T, Kumagai G, Liu X, Wada K, Tanaka T, Kudo H, Asari T, Fukutoku T, Sasaki A, Nitobe Y, Nikaido Y, Furukawa KI, Hirata M, Kanematsu T, Ueno S, Ishibashi Y. Poor Motor-Function Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Anxiety-Model Mice with Phospholipase C-Related Catalytically Inactive Protein Type 1 Knockout. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1379-1386. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Gentaro Kumagai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kanichiro Wada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kudo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toru Asari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Fukutoku
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Sasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yohshiro Nitobe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nikaido
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Furukawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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20
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Lorenz-Guertin JM, Jacob TC. GABA type a receptor trafficking and the architecture of synaptic inhibition. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:238-270. [PMID: 28901728 PMCID: PMC6589839 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitous expression of GABA type A receptors (GABAA R) in the central nervous system establishes their central role in coordinating most aspects of neural function and development. Dysregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission manifests in a number of human health disorders and conditions that in certain cases can be alleviated by drugs targeting these receptors. Precise changes in the quantity or activity of GABAA Rs localized at the cell surface and at GABAergic postsynaptic sites directly impact the strength of inhibition. The molecular mechanisms constituting receptor trafficking to and from these compartments therefore dictate the efficacy of GABAA R function. Here we review the current understanding of how GABAA Rs traffic through biogenesis, plasma membrane transport, and degradation. Emphasis is placed on discussing novel GABAergic synaptic proteins, receptor and scaffolding post-translational modifications, activity-dependent changes in GABAA R confinement, and neuropeptide and neurosteroid mediated changes. We further highlight modern techniques currently advancing the knowledge of GABAA R trafficking and clinically relevant neurodevelopmental diseases connected to GABAergic dysfunction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 238-270, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Lorenz-Guertin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
| | - Tija C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
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21
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Suppression of cell migration by phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein-dependent modulation of PI3K signalling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5408. [PMID: 28710365 PMCID: PMC5511194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic processes of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] into PI(3,4,5)P3 and the subsequent PI(3,4,5)P3 signalling are involved in cell migration. Dysfunctions in the control of this pathway can cause human cancer cell migration and metastatic growth. Here we investigated whether phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP), a PI(4,5)P2-binding protein, regulates cancer cell migration. PRIP overexpression in MCF-7 and BT-549 human breast cancer cells inhibited cell migration in vitro and metastasis development in vivo. Overexpression of the PRIP pleckstrin homology domain, a PI(4,5)P2 binding motif, in MCF-7 cells caused significant suppression of cell migration. Consistent with these results, in comparison with wild-type cells, Prip-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibited increased cell migration, and this was significantly attenuated upon transfection with a siRNA targeting p110α, a catalytic subunit of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). PI(3,4,5)P3 production was decreased in Prip-overexpressing MCF-7 and BT-549 cells. PI3K binding to PI(4,5)P2 was significantly inhibited by recombinant PRIP in vitro, and thus the activity of PI3K was downregulated. Collectively, PRIP regulates the production of PI(3,4,5)P3 from PI(4,5)P2 by PI3K, and the suppressor activity of PRIP in PI(4,5)P2 metabolism regulates the tumour migration, suggesting PRIP as a promising target for protection against metastatic progression.
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Vien TN, Moss SJ, Davies PA. Regulating the Efficacy of Inhibition Through Trafficking of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:1220-1227. [PMID: 27285004 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trafficking of anesthetic-sensitive receptors within the plasma membrane, or from one cellular component to another, occurs continuously. Changes in receptor trafficking have implications in altering anesthetic sensitivity. γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are anion-permeable ion channels and are the major class of receptor in the adult mammalian central nervous system that mediates inhibition. GABAergic signaling allows for precise synchronized firing of action potentials within brain circuits that is critical for cognition, behavior, and consciousness. This precision depends upon tightly controlled trafficking of GABAARs into the membrane. General anesthetics bind to and allosterically enhance GABAARs by prolonging the open state of the receptor and thereby altering neuronal and brain circuit activity. Subunit composition and GABAAR localization strongly influence anesthetic end points; therefore, changes in GABAAR trafficking could have significant consequences to anesthetic sensitivity. GABAARs are not static membrane structures but are in a constant state of flux between extrasynaptic and synaptic locations and are continually endocytosed and recycled from and to the membrane. Neuronal activity, posttranslational modifications, and some naturally occurring and synthetic compounds can influence the expression and trafficking of GABAARs. In this article, we review GABAARs, their trafficking, and how phosphorylation of GABAAR subunits can influence the surface expression and function of the receptor. Ultimately, alterations of GABAAR trafficking could modify anesthetic end points, both unintentionally through pathologic processes but potentially as a therapeutic target to adjust anesthetic-sensitive GABAARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy N Vien
- From the *Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts; and †Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Matsuda M, Hirata M. Phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive proteins regulate ovarian follicle development. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8369-8380. [PMID: 28360101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive proteins PRIP-1 and -2 are inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate binding proteins that are encoded by independent genes. Ablation of the Prip genes in mice impairs female fertility, which is manifested by fewer pregnancies, a decreased number of pups, and the decreased and increased secretion of gonadal steroids and gonadotropins, respectively. We investigated the involvement of the PRIPs in fertility, focusing on the ovaries of Prip-1 and -2 double-knock-out (DKO) mice. Multiple cystic follicles were observed in DKO ovaries, and a superovulation assay showed a markedly decreased number of ovulated oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes showed normal expansion, and artificial gonadotropin stimulation regulated the ovulation-related genes in a normal fashion, suggesting that the ovulation itself was probably normal. A histological analysis showed atresia in fewer follicles of the DKO ovaries, particularly in the secondary follicle stages. The expression of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) was aberrantly higher in developing follicles, and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, a downstream target of LH-LHR signaling, was higher in DKO granulosa cells. This suggests that the up-regulation of LH-LHR signaling is the cause of impaired follicle development. The serum estradiol level was lower, but estradiol production was unchanged in the DKO ovaries. These results suggest that PRIPs are positively involved in the development of follicles via their regulation of LH-LHR signaling and estradiol secretion. Female DKO mice had higher serum levels of insulin, testosterone, and uncarboxylated osteocalcin, which, together with reduced fertility, are reminiscent of polycystic ovary syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
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Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein-knockout mice exhibit uncoupling protein 1 upregulation in adipose tissues following chronic cold exposure. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Nikaido Y, Furukawa T, Shimoyama S, Yamada J, Migita K, Koga K, Kushikata T, Hirota K, Kanematsu T, Hirata M, Ueno S. Propofol Anesthesia Is Reduced in Phospholipase C-Related Inactive Protein Type-1 Knockout Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:367-374. [PMID: 28404686 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.239145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The GABA type A receptor (GABAA-R) is a major target of intravenous anesthetics. Phospholipase C-related inactive protein type-1 (PRIP-1) is important in GABAA-R phosphorylation and membrane trafficking. In this study, we investigated the role of PRIP-1 in general anesthetic action. The anesthetic effects of propofol, etomidate, and pentobarbital were evaluated in wild-type and PRIP-1 knockout (PRIP-1 KO) mice by measuring the latency and duration of loss of righting reflex (LORR) and loss of tail-pinch withdrawal response (LTWR). The effect of pretreatment with okadaic acid (OA), a protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibitor, on propofol- and etomidate-induced LORR was also examined. PRIP-1 deficiency provided the reduction of LORR and LTWR induced by propofol but not by etomidate or pentobarbital, indicating that PRIP-1 could determine the potency of the anesthetic action of propofol. Pretreatment with OA recovered the anesthetic potency induced by propofol in PRIP-1 KO mice. OA injection enhanced phosphorylation of cortical the GABAA-R β3 subunit in PRIP-1 KO mice. These results suggest that PRIP-1-mediated GABAA-R β3 subunit phosphorylation might be involved in the general anesthetic action induced by propofol but not by etomidate or pentobarbital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nikaido
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Tomonori Furukawa
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Shuji Shimoyama
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Junko Yamada
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Keisuke Migita
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Kohei Koga
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Tetsuya Kushikata
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirota
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Masato Hirata
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N.), Department of Neurophysiology (Y.N., T.F., K.K., S.U.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.N., T.Ku., K.H.), Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.U.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences (J.Y.), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.Ka.); Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.); Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan (M.H.)
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General anesthetic actions on GABA A receptors in vivo are reduced in phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein knockout mice. J Anesth 2017; 31:531-538. [PMID: 28389811 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-017-2350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the action of general anesthetics in phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP)-knockout (KO) mice that alter GABAA receptor signaling. METHODS PRIP regulates the intracellular trafficking of β subunit-containing GABAA receptors in vitro. In this study, we examined the effects of intravenous anesthetics, propofol and etomidate that act via β subunit-containing GABAA receptors, in wild-type and Prip-KO mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with a drug, and a loss of righting reflex (LORR) assay and an electroencephalogram analysis were performed. RESULTS The cell surface expression of GABAA receptor β3 subunit detected by immunoblotting was decreased in Prip-knockout brain compared with that in wild-type brain without changing the expression of other GABAA receptor subunits. Propofol-treated Prip-KO mice exhibited significantly shorter duration of LORR and had lower total anesthetic score than wild-type mice in the LORR assay. The average duration of sleep time in an electroencephalogram analysis was shorter in propofol-treated Prip-KO mice than in wild-type mice. The hypnotic action of etomidate was also reduced in Prip-KO mice. However, ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, had similar effects in the two genotypes. CONCLUSION PRIP regulates the cell surface expression of the GABAA receptor β3 subunit and modulates general anesthetic action in vivo. Elucidation of the involved regulatory mechanisms of GABAA receptor-dependent signaling would inform the development of safer anesthetic therapies for clinical applications.
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Mele M, Leal G, Duarte CB. Role of GABAAR trafficking in the plasticity of inhibitory synapses. J Neurochem 2016; 139:997-1018. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Mele
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Graciano Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Carlos B. Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
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Kotani M, Matsuda M, Murakami A, Takahashi I, Katagiri T, Hirata M. Involvement of PRIP (Phospholipase C-Related But Catalytically Inactive Protein) in BMP-Induced Smad Signaling in Osteoblast Differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2814-23. [PMID: 25981537 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) was first isolated as an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding protein. We generated PRIP gene-deficient mice which exhibited the increased bone mineral density and trabecular bone volume, indicating that PRIP is implicated in the regulation of bone properties. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms by which PRIP plays a role in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, by analyzing the culture of primary cells isolated from calvaria of two genotypes, the wild type and a mutant. In the mutant culture, enhanced osteoblast differentiation was observed by measuring alkaline phosphatase staining and activity. The promoter activity of Id1 gene, responding immediately to BMP, was also more increased. Smad1/5 phosphorylation in response to BMP showed an enhanced peak and was more persistent in mutant cells, but the dephosphorylation process was not different between the two genotypes. The luciferase assay using calvaria cells transfected with the Smad1 mutated as a constitutive active form showed increased transcriptional activity at similar levels between the genotypes. The expression of BMP receptors was not different between the genotypes. BMP-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5 was robustly decreased in wild type cells, but not in mutant cells, by pretreatment with DB867, an inhibitor of methyltransferase of inhibitory Smad6. Furthermore, BMP-induced translocation of Smad6 from nucleus to cytosol was not much observed in PRIP-deficient cells. These results indicate that PRIP is implicated in BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation by the negative regulation of Smad phosphorylation, through the methylation of inhibitory Smad6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kotani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Miho Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ayako Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takenobu Katagiri
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Yamawaki Y, Oue K, Shirawachi S, Asano S, Harada K, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein can regulate obesity, a state of peripheral inflammation. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2016; 53:18-24. [PMID: 28408965 PMCID: PMC5390332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. Chronic inflammation in fat influences the development of obesity-related diseases. Many reports state that obesity increases the risk of morbidity in many diseases, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, sleep apnea, and breast, prostate and colon cancers, leading to increased mortality. Obesity is also associated with chronic neuropathologic conditions such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. However, there is strong evidence that weight loss reduces these risks, by limiting blood pressure and improving levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Prevention and control of obesity is complex, and requires a multifaceted approach. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms driving fat metabolism (adipogenesis and lipolysis) aims at developing clinical treatments to control obesity. We recently reported a new regulatory mechanism in fat metabolism: a protein phosphatase binding protein, phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP), regulates lipolysis in white adipocytes and heat production in brown adipocytes via phosphoregulation. Deficiency of PRIP in mice led to reduced fat accumulation and increased energy expenditure, resulting in a lean phenotype. Here, we evaluate PRIP as a new therapeutic target for the control of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamawaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kana Oue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satomi Shirawachi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kae Harada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Li Y, Wu Y, Li R, Wang C, Jia N, Zhao C, Wen A, Xiong L. Propofol Regulates the Surface Expression of GABAA Receptors: Implications in Synaptic Inhibition. Anesth Analg 2016; 121:1176-83. [PMID: 26241086 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anesthetic propofol is thought to induce rapid hypnotic sedation by potentiating γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) activity. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of propofol in modulating inhibitory synaptic transmission. We aimed to investigate the role of propofol in modulating surface expression of GABAARs. METHODS C57BL/6 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of propofol. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons were prepared from embryonic day-18 mice and were treated with propofol. Proteins on the plasma membrane were analyzed using cell surface biotinylation, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Electrophysiological activities were recorded from hippocampal cells in acute brain slices of mice. The interaction between GABAARs and clathrin adaptor protein 2 was assessed by immunoprecipitation. Phosphorylation of GABAARs was shown by in vitro kinase assay. RESULTS Propofol facilitated membrane accumulation of GABAARβ3 subunits. Propofol mediated phosphorylation of GABAARβ3 by protein kinase Cε which blocked the interaction between GABAARβ3 and the β-adaptin subunit of adaptor protein 2, resulting in an inhibition of the receptor endocytosis in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Coincident with increased GABAARs surface level, propofol enhanced evoked and miniature synaptic GABA receptor currents. CONCLUSIONS This study offers new insight on the regulatory mechanism of propofol in inhibiting neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- From the Departments of *Pharmacy and †Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Gravielle MC. Activation-induced regulation of GABAA receptors: Is there a link with the molecular basis of benzodiazepine tolerance? Pharmacol Res 2015; 109:92-100. [PMID: 26733466 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines have been used clinically for more than 50 years to treat disorders such as insomnia, anxiety, and epilepsy, as well as to aid muscle relaxation and anesthesia. The therapeutic index for benzodiazepines if very high and the toxicity is low. However, their usefulness is limited by the development of either or both tolerance to most of their pharmacological actions and dependence. Tolerance develops at different rates depending on the pharmacological action, suggesting the existence of distinct mechanisms for each behavioral parameter. Alternatively, multiple mechanisms could coexist depending on the subtype of GABAA receptor expressed and the brain region involved. Because most of the pharmacological actions of benzodiazepines are mediated through GABAA receptor binding, adaptive alterations in the number, structure, and/or functions of these receptors may play an important role in the development of tolerance. This review is focused on the regulation of GABAA receptors induced by long-term benzodiazepine exposure and its relationship with the development of tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms behind benzodiazepine tolerance is critical for designing drugs that could maintain their efficacy during long-term treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Clara Gravielle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Oue K, Zhang J, Harada-Hada K, Asano S, Yamawaki Y, Hayashiuchi M, Furusho H, Takata T, Irifune M, Hirata M, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related Catalytically Inactive Protein Is a New Modulator of Thermogenesis Promoted by β-Adrenergic Receptors in Brown Adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4185-96. [PMID: 26706316 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.705723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) was first identified as an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-binding protein, and was later found to be involved in a variety of cellular events, particularly those related to protein phosphatases. We previously reported that Prip knock-out (KO) mice exhibit a lean phenotype with a small amount of white adipose tissue. In the present study, we examined whether PRIP is involved in energy metabolism, which could explain the lean phenotype, using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Prip-KO mice showed resistance to HFD-induced obesity, resulting in protection from glucose metabolism dysfunction and insulin resistance. Energy expenditure and body temperature at night were significantly higher in Prip-KO mice than in wild-type mice. Gene and protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a thermogenic protein, was up-regulated in Prip-KO brown adipocytes in thermoneutral or cold environments. These phenotypes were caused by the promotion of lipolysis in Prip-KO brown adipocytes, which is triggered by up-regulation of phosphorylation of the lipolysis-related proteins hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin, followed by activation of UCP1 and/or up-regulation of thermogenesis-related genes (e.g. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α). The results indicate that PRIP negatively regulates UCP1-mediated thermogenesis in brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Oue
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Dental Anesthesiology, and
| | - Jun Zhang
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology
| | | | - Satoshi Asano
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology
| | | | | | - Hisako Furusho
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553 and
| | - Takashi Takata
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553 and
| | | | - Masato Hirata
- the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Viggiano A, Cacciola G, Widmer DAJ, Viggiano D. Anxiety as a neurodevelopmental disorder in a neuronal subpopulation: Evidence from gene expression data. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:729-40. [PMID: 26089015 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between genes and anxious behavior, is nor linear nor monotonic. To address this problem, we analyzed with a meta-analytic method the literature data of the behavior of knockout mice, retrieving 33 genes whose deletion was accompanied by increased anxious behavior, 34 genes related to decreased anxious behavior and 48 genes not involved in anxiety. We correlated the anxious behavior resulting from the deletion of these genes to their brain expression, using the Allen Brain Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The main finding is that the genes accompanied, after deletion, by a modification of the anxious behavior, have lower expression in the cerebral cortex, the amygdala and the ventral striatum. The lower expression level was putatively due to their selective presence in a neuronal subpopulation. This difference was replicated also using a database of human gene expression, further showing that the differential expression pertained, in humans, a temporal window of young postnatal age (4 months up to 4 years) but was not evident at fetal or adult human stages. Finally, using gene enrichment analysis we also show that presynaptic genes are involved in the emergence of anxiety and postsynaptic genes in the reduction of anxiety after gene deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Viggiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cacciola
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | | | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy; Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Science, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Oue K, Harada-Hada K, Kanematsu T. [New molecular basis in the regulation of lipolysis via dephosphorylation]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2015; 146:93-7. [PMID: 26256747 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.146.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wang D, Takeuchi H, Gao J, Zhang Z, Hirata M. Hetero-oligomerization of C2 domains of phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein and synaptotagmin-1. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 57:120-9. [PMID: 25242442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The C2 domain is a protein module often found in molecules that regulate exocytosis. C2 domains mediate interactions between the parental molecule and Ca(2+), phospholipids, and proteins. Although various molecules have been shown to interact with several C2 domains, no interactions between the C2 domains from different molecules have yet been reported. In the present study, we identified direct interactions between the C2 domain of PRIP (phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein) and the C2 domains of other molecules. Among the C2 domains examined, those of synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1-C2A and Syt1-C2B) and phospholipase C δ-1 bound to the C2 domain of PRIP. We investigated the interactions between the C2 domain of PRIP (PRIP-C2) with Syt1-C2A and Syt1-C2B, and the mode of binding of each was Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent, respectively. We further demonstrated that the Ca(2+) dependence of the interaction between PRIP-C2 and Syt1-C2A was attributed to Ca(2+) binding with Syt1-C2A, but not PRIP-C2, using a series of mutants prepared from both C2 domains. We previously reported that the interaction between PRIP-C2 and the membrane fusion machinery suggested a critical role for PRIP in exocytosis; therefore, the results of the present study further support the importance of PRIP-C2 in the inhibitory function of PRIP in regulating exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- DaGuang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Pharmacology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan.
| | - Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E. In vitro assays of lipidation of Mammalian Atg8 homologs. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2014; 64:11.20.1-13. [PMID: 25181299 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb1120s64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Atg8 modifier in yeast is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine via ubiquitylation-like reactions essential for autophagy. Mammalian Atg8 homologs (Atg8s) including LC3, GABARAP, and GATE-16, are also ubiquitin-like modifiers. The carboxyl termini of mammalian Atg8 homologs are cleaved by Atg4B, a cysteine protease, to expose carboxyl terminal Gly which is essential for this ubiquitylation-like reaction. Thereafter, the Atg8 homologs are activated by Atg7, an E1-like enzyme, to form unstable Atg7-Atg8 E1-substrate intermediates via a thioester bond. The activated Atg8 homologs are transferred to mammalian Atg3, an E2-like enzyme, to form unstable Atg3-Atg8 E2-substrate intermediates via a thioester bond. Finally, Atg8 homologs are conjugated to phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. Here, we describe a protocol for the reconstituted conjugation systems for mammalian Atg8 homologs in vitro using purified recombinant Atg proteins and liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isei Tanida
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Enhanced lateral inhibition in the barrel cortex by deletion of phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein-1/2 in mice. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1445-1456. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Okumura T, Harada K, Oue K, Zhang J, Asano S, Hayashiuchi M, Mizokami A, Tanaka H, Irifune M, Kamata N, Hirata M, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) regulates lipolysis in adipose tissue by modulating the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100559. [PMID: 24945349 PMCID: PMC4064000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin by protein kinase A (PKA) promotes the hydrolysis of lipids in adipocytes. Although activation of lipolysis by PKA has been well studied, inactivation via protein phosphatases is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP), a binding partner for protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is involved in lipolysis by regulating phosphatase activity. PRIP knockout (PRIP-KO) mice displayed reduced body-fat mass as compared with wild-type mice fed with standard chow ad libitum. Most other organs appeared normal, suggesting that mutant mice had aberrant fat metabolism in adipocytes. HSL in PRIP-KO adipose tissue was highly phosphorylated compared to that in wild-type mice. Starvation of wild-type mice or stimulation of adipose tissue explants with the catabolic hormone, adrenaline, translocated both PRIP and PP2A from the cytosol to lipid droplets, but the translocation of PP2A was significantly reduced in PRIP-KO adipocytes. Consistently, the phosphatase activity associated with lipid droplet fraction in PRIP-KO adipocytes was significantly reduced and was independent of adrenaline stimulation. Lipolysis activity, as assessed by measurement of non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol, was higher in PRIP-KO adipocytes. When wild-type adipocytes were treated with a phosphatase inhibitor, they showed a high lipolysis activity at the similar level to PRIP-KO adipocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that PRIP promotes the translocation of phosphatases to lipid droplets to trigger the dephosphorylation of HSL and perilipin A, thus reducing PKA-mediated lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Okumura
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kae Harada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kana Oue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayashiuchi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizokami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tanaka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Irifune
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kamata
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Harada-Hada K, Harada K, Kato F, Hisatsune J, Tanida I, Ogawa M, Asano S, Sugai M, Hirata M, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein participates in the autophagic elimination of Staphylococcus aureus infecting mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98285. [PMID: 24865216 PMCID: PMC4035314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intrinsic host defense system that recognizes and eliminates invading bacterial pathogens. We have identified microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a hallmark of autophagy, as a binding partner of phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) that was originally identified as an inositol trisphosphate-binding protein. Here, we investigated the involvement of PRIP in the autophagic elimination of Staphylococcus aureus in infected mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We observed significantly more LC3-positive autophagosome-like vacuoles enclosing an increased number of S. aureus cells in PRIP-deficient MEFs than control MEFs, 3 h and 4.5 h post infection, suggesting that S. aureus proliferates in LC3-positive autophagosome-like vacuoles in PRIP-deficient MEFs. We performed autophagic flux analysis using an mRFP-GFP-tagged LC3 plasmid and found that autophagosome maturation is significantly inhibited in PRIP-deficient MEFs. Furthermore, acidification of autophagosomes was significantly inhibited in PRIP-deficient MEFs compared to the wild-type MEFs, as determined by LysoTracker staining and time-lapse image analysis performed using mRFP-GFP-tagged LC3. Taken together, our data show that PRIP is required for the fusion of S. aureus-containing autophagosome-like vacuoles with lysosomes, indicating that PRIP is a novel modulator in the regulation of the innate immune system in non-professional phagocytic host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Harada-Hada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kana Harada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kato
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junzo Hisatsune
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Isei Tanida
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michinaga Ogawa
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Asano S, Nemoto T, Kitayama T, Harada K, Zhang J, Harada K, Tanida I, Hirata M, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) controls KIF5B-mediated insulin secretion. Biol Open 2014; 3:463-74. [PMID: 24812354 PMCID: PMC4058080 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20147591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein (PRIP)-knockout mice exhibited hyperinsulinemia. Here, we investigated the role of PRIP in insulin granule exocytosis using Prip-knockdown mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells. Insulin release from Prip-knockdown MIN6 cells was higher than that from control cells, and Prip knockdown facilitated movement of GFP-phogrin-labeled insulin secretory vesicles. Double-immunofluorescent staining and density step-gradient analyses showed that the KIF5B motor protein co-localized with insulin vesicles in Prip-knockdown MIN6 cells. Knockdown of GABAA-receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), a microtubule-associated PRIP-binding partner, by Gabarap silencing in MIN6 cells reduced the co-localization of insulin vesicles with KIF5B and the movement of vesicles, resulting in decreased insulin secretion. However, the co-localization of KIF5B with microtubules was not altered in Prip- and Gabarap-knockdown cells. The presence of unbound GABARAP, freed either by an interference peptide or by Prip silencing, in MIN6 cells enhanced the co-localization of insulin vesicles with microtubules and promoted vesicle mobility. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PRIP and GABARAP function in a complex to regulate KIF5B-mediated insulin secretion, providing new insights into insulin exocytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kae Harada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kana Harada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Isei Tanida
- Laboratory of Biomembranes, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Toyoda H, Saito M, Sato H, Tanaka T, Ogawa T, Yatani H, Kawano T, Kanematsu T, Hirata M, Kang Y. Enhanced desensitization followed by unusual resensitization in GABAA receptors in phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein-1/2 double-knockout mice. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:267-84. [PMID: 24737248 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive proteins (PRIP-1/2) are previously reported to be involved in the membrane trafficking of GABAA receptor (GABAAR) and the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. GABAAR-mediated currents can be regulated by the intracellular Ca(2+). However, in PRIP-1/2 double-knockout (PRIP-DKO) mice, it remains unclear whether the kinetic properties of GABAARs are modulated by the altered regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Here, we investigated whether GABAAR currents (IGABA) evoked by GABA puff in layer 3 (L3) pyramidal cells (PCs) of the barrel cortex are altered in PRIP-DKO mice. The deletion of PRIP-1/2 enhanced the desensitization of IGABA but induced a hump-like tail current (tail-I) at the GABA puff offset. IGABA and the hump-like tail-I were suppressed by GABAAR antagonists. The enhanced desensitization of IGABA and the hump-like tail-I in PRIP-DKO PCs were mediated by increases in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and were largely abolished by a calcineurin inhibitor and ruthenium red. Calcium imaging revealed that Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) and subsequent store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) are more potent in PRIP-DKO PCs than in wild-type PCs. A mathematical model revealed that a slowdown of GABA-unbinding rate and an acceleration of fast desensitization rate by enhancing its GABA concentration dependency are involved in the generation of hump-like tail-Is. These results suggest that in L3 PCs of the barrel cortex in PRIP-DKO mice, the increased calcineurin activity due to the potentiated CICR and SOCE enhances the desensitization of GABAARs and slows the GABA-unbinding rate, resulting in their unusual resensitization following removal of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Toyoda
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Ishii A, Kanaumi T, Sohda M, Misumi Y, Zhang B, Kakinuma N, Haga Y, Watanabe K, Takeda S, Okada M, Ueno S, Kaneko S, Takashima S, Hirose S. Association of nonsense mutation in GABRG2 with abnormal trafficking of GABAA receptors in severe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:420-32. [PMID: 24480790 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in GABRG2, which encodes the γ2 subunit of GABAA receptors, can cause both genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) and Dravet syndrome. Most GABRG2 truncating mutations associated with Dravet syndrome result in premature termination codons (PTCs) and are stably translated into mutant proteins with potential dominant-negative effects. This study involved search for mutations in candidate genes for Dravet syndrome, namely SCN1A, 2A, 1B, 2B, GABRA1, B2, and G2. A heterozygous nonsense mutation (c.118C>T, p.Q40X) in GABRG2 was identified in dizygotic twin girls with Dravet syndrome and their apparently healthy father. Electrophysiological studies with the reconstituted GABAA receptors in HEK cells showed reduced GABA-induced currents when mutated γ2 DNA was cotransfected with wild-type α1 and β2 subunits. In this case, immunohistochemistry using antibodies to the α1 and γ2 subunits of GABAA receptor showed granular staining in the soma. In addition, microinjection of mutated γ2 subunit cDNA into HEK cells severely inhibited intracellular trafficking of GABAA receptor subunits α1 and β2, and retention of these proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. The mutated γ2 subunit-expressing neurons also showed impaired axonal transport of the α1 and β2 subunits. Our findings suggested that different phenotypes of epilepsy, e.g., GEFS+ and Dravet syndrome (which share similar abnormalities in causative genes) are likely due to impaired axonal transport associated with the dominant-negative effects of GABRG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanaumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miwa Sohda
- Division of Oral Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshio Misumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Kakinuma
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Haga
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Brain Science, Japan
| | - Sunao Kaneko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; North Tohoku Epilepsy Center, Minato Hospital, Hachinohe, Japan
| | - Sachio Takashima
- Yanagawa Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Child Neurology, International University of Health and Welfare, Yanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hirose
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Central Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Sugiyama G, Takeuchi H, Kanematsu T, Gao J, Matsuda M, Hirata M. Phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein, PRIP as a scaffolding protein for phospho-regulation. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 53:331-340. [PMID: 23911386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PRIP, phospholipase C (PLC)-related but catalytically inactive protein is a protein with a domain organization similar to PLC-δ1. We have reported that PRIP interacts with the catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1c and PP2Ac), depending on the phosphorylation of PRIP. We also found that Akt was precipitated along with PRIP by anti-PRIP antibody from neuronal cells. In this article, we summarize our current reach regarding the interaction of PRIP with Akt and protein phosphatases, in relation to the cellular phospho-regulations. PP1 and PP2A are major members of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase families. We have identified PP1 and PP2A as interacting partners of PRIP. We first investigated the interaction of PRIP with two phosphatases, using purified recombinant proteins. PRIP immobilized on beads pulled-down the catalytic subunits of both PP1 and PP2A, indicating that the interactions were in a direct manner, and the binding of PP1 and PP2A to PRIP were mutually exclusive. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that the binding sites for PP1 and PP2A on PRIP were not identical, but in close proximity. Phosphorylation of PRIP by protein kinase A (PKA) resulted in the reduced binding of PP1, but not PP2A. Rather, the dissociation of PP1 from PRIP by phosphorylation accompanied the increased binding of PP2A in in vitro experiments. This binding regulation of PP1 and PP2A to PRIP by PKA-dependent phosphorylation was also observed in living cells treated with forskolin or isoproterenol. These results suggested that PRIP directly interacts with the catalytic subunits of two distinct phosphatases in a mutually exclusive manner and the interactions are regulated by phosphorylation, thus functioning as a scaffold to regulate the activities and subcellular localizations of both PP1 and PP2A in phospho-dependent cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) make up only a small fraction of cellular phospholipids, yet they control almost all aspects of a cell's life and death. These lipids gained tremendous research interest as plasma membrane signaling molecules when discovered in the 1970s and 1980s. Research in the last 15 years has added a wide range of biological processes regulated by PIs, turning these lipids into one of the most universal signaling entities in eukaryotic cells. PIs control organelle biology by regulating vesicular trafficking, but they also modulate lipid distribution and metabolism via their close relationship with lipid transfer proteins. PIs regulate ion channels, pumps, and transporters and control both endocytic and exocytic processes. The nuclear phosphoinositides have grown from being an epiphenomenon to a research area of its own. As expected from such pleiotropic regulators, derangements of phosphoinositide metabolism are responsible for a number of human diseases ranging from rare genetic disorders to the most common ones such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Moreover, it is increasingly evident that a number of infectious agents hijack the PI regulatory systems of host cells for their intracellular movements, replication, and assembly. As a result, PI converting enzymes began to be noticed by pharmaceutical companies as potential therapeutic targets. This review is an attempt to give an overview of this enormous research field focusing on major developments in diverse areas of basic science linked to cellular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Koike M, Tanida I, Nanao T, Tada N, Iwata JI, Ueno T, Kominami E, Uchiyama Y. Enrichment of GABARAP relative to LC3 in the axonal initial segments of neurons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63568. [PMID: 23671684 PMCID: PMC3650058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) was initially identified as a protein that interacts with GABAA receptor. Although LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3), a GABARAP homolog, has been localized in the dendrites and cell bodies of neurons under normal conditions, the subcellular distribution of GABARAP in neurons remains unclear. Subcellular fractionation indicated that endogenous GABARAP was localized to the microsome-enriched and synaptic vesicle-enriched fractions of mouse brain as GABARAP-I, an unlipidated form. To investigate the distribution of GABARAP in neurons, we generated GFP-GABARAP transgenic mice. Immunohistochemistry in these transgenic mice showed that positive signals for GFP-GABARAP were widely distributed in neurons in various brain regions, including the hippocampus and cerebellum. Interestingly, intense diffuse and/or fibrillary expression of GFP-GABARAP was detected along the axonal initial segments (AIS) of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells, in addition to the cell bodies and dendrites of these neurons. In contrast, only slight amounts of LC3 were detected along the AIS of these neurons, while diffuse and/or fibrillary staining for LC3 was mainly detected in their cell bodies and dendrites. These results indicated that, compared with LC3, GABARAP is enriched in the AIS, in addition to the cell bodies and dendrites, of these hippocampal pyramidal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kitayama T, Morita K, Sultana R, Kikushige N, Mgita K, Ueno S, Hirata M, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein modulates pain behavior in a neuropathic pain model in mice. Mol Pain 2013; 9:23. [PMID: 23639135 PMCID: PMC3651726 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding protein, comprising 2 isoforms termed PRIP-1 and PRIP-2, was identified as a novel modulator for GABAA receptor trafficking. It has been reported that naive PRIP-1 knockout mice have hyperalgesic responses. FINDINGS To determine the involvement of PRIP in pain sensation, a hind paw withdrawal test was performed before and after partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) in PRIP-1 and PRIP-2 double knockout (DKO) mice. We found that naive DKO mice exhibited normal pain sensitivity. However, DKO mice that underwent PSNL surgery showed increased ipsilateral paw withdrawal threshold. To further investigate the inverse phenotype in PRIP-1 KO and DKO mice, we produced mice with specific siRNA-mediated knockdown of PRIPs in the spinal cord. Consistent with the phenotypes of KO mice, PRIP-1 knockdown mice showed allodynia, while PRIP double knockdown (DKD) mice with PSNL showed decreased pain-related behavior. This indicates that reduced expression of both PRIPs in the spinal cord induces resistance towards a painful sensation. GABAA receptor subunit expression pattern was similar between PRIP-1 KO and DKO spinal cord, while expression of K(+)-Cl(-)-cotransporter-2 (KCC2), which controls the balance of neuronal excitation and inhibition, was significantly upregulated in DKO mice. Furthermore, in the DKD PSNL model, an inhibitor-induced KCC2 inhibition exhibited an altered phenotype from painless to painful sensations. CONCLUSIONS Suppressed expression of PRIPs induces an elevated expression of KCC2 in the spinal cord, resulting in inhibition of nociception and amelioration of neuropathic pain in DKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kitayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuya Morita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Rizia Sultana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Nami Kikushige
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mgita
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Rho SB, Byun HJ, Kim BR, Kim IS, Lee JH, Yoo R, Park ST, Park SH. GABAA receptor-binding protein promotes sensitivity to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1807-14. [PMID: 23545901 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the expression of human γ-aminobutyrate type A (GABAA) receptor-binding protein (GABARBP) is downregulated in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues. We also found that the specific function of GABAPBP was that of a novel pro-apoptotic protein. Both GABARBP and cisplatin suppressed cancer cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The combined treatment of GABARBP and cisplatin was more effective in inhibiting cell growth, as well as cell migration, than with either drug treatment alone. At the same time, the treatment combination is correlated with the downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4, arrested cell cycle progression in the G₀-G₁ phase and enhancing p53 expression, while also reducing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. The p53 and p21 promoter luciferase activities were induced by GABARBP, whereas there was no effect on the p53-/- and p21-/- system. In addition, p53 activity was validated with UV irradiation and siGABARBP. Taken together, our results indicate that GABARBP can regulate the pro-apoptotic activity of cisplatin via the upregulation of p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
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Umebayashi H, Mizokami A, Matsuda M, Harada K, Takeuchi H, Tanida I, Hirata M, Kanematsu T. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein, a novel microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-binding protein, negatively regulates autophagosome formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang Z, Takeuchi H, Gao J, Wang D, James DJ, Martin TFJ, Hirata M. PRIP (phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein) inhibits exocytosis by direct interactions with syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 through its C2 domain. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7769-7780. [PMID: 23341457 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.419317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion for exocytosis is mediated by SNAREs, forming trans-ternary complexes to bridge vesicle and target membranes. There is an array of accessory proteins that directly interact with and regulate SNARE proteins. PRIP (phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein) is likely one of these proteins; PRIP, consisting of multiple functional modules including pleckstrin homology and C2 domains, inhibited exocytosis, probably via the binding to membrane phosphoinositides through the pleckstrin homology domain. However, the roles of the C2 domain have not yet been investigated. In this study, we found that the C2 domain of PRIP directly interacts with syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 but not with VAMP2. The C2 domain promoted PRIP to co-localize with syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 in PC12 cells. The binding profile of the C2 domain to SNAP-25 was comparable with that of synaptotagmin I, and PRIP inhibited synaptotagmin I in binding to SNAP-25 and syntaxin 1. It was also shown that the C2 domain was required for PRIP to suppress SDS-resistant ternary SNARE complex formation and inhibit high K(+)-induced noradrenalin release from PC12 cells. These results suggest that PRIP inhibits regulated exocytosis through the interaction of its C2 domain with syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25, potentially competing with other SNARE-binding, C2 domain-containing accessory proteins such as synaptotagmin I and by directly inhibiting trans-SNARE complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Applied Pharmacology, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan.
| | - Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - DaGuang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Declan J James
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Thomas F J Martin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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50
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Sugiyama G, Takeuchi H, Nagano K, Gao J, Ohyama Y, Mori Y, Hirata M. Regulated Interaction of Protein Phosphatase 1 and Protein Phosphatase 2A with Phospholipase C-Related but Catalytically Inactive Protein. Biochemistry 2012; 51:3394-403. [DOI: 10.1021/bi2018128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goro Sugiyama
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Division of Maxillofacial Surgery,
Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Division of Maxillofacial Surgery,
Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koki Nagano
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Division of Maxillofacial Surgery,
Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jing Gao
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Division of Maxillofacial Surgery,
Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ohyama
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Division of Maxillofacial Surgery,
Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mori
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Division of Maxillofacial Surgery,
Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Division of Maxillofacial Surgery,
Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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