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McCall KD, Walter D, Patton A, Thuma JR, Courreges MC, Palczewski G, Goetz DJ, Bergmeier S, Schwartz FL. Anti-Inflammatory and Therapeutic Effects of a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Inflammation in a Male C57BL/6J Mouse Model of Obesity-Induced NAFLD/MAFLD. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5339-5366. [PMID: 38026235 PMCID: PMC10658948 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s413565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States. Presently, there is an intense and ongoing effort to identify and develop novel therapeutics for this disease. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory activity of a new compound, termed IOI-214, and its therapeutic potential to ameliorate NAFLD/MAFLD in male C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat (HF) diet. Methods Murine macrophages and hepatocytes in culture were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ± IOI-214 or DMSO (vehicle), and RT-qPCR analyses of inflammatory cytokine gene expression were used to assess IOI-214's anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Male C57BL/6J mice were also placed on a HF diet and treated once daily with IOI-214 or DMSO for 16 weeks. Tissues were collected and analyzed to determine the effects of IOI-214 on HF diet-induced NAFL D/MAFLD. Measurements such as weight, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, liver/serum triglyceride, insulin, and glucose tolerance tests, ELISAs, metabolomics, Western blots, histology, gut microbiome, and serum LPS binding protein analyses were conducted. Results IOI-214 inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and hepatocytes in culture and abrogated HF diet-induced mesenteric fat accumulation, hepatic inflammation and steatosis/hepatocellular ballooning, as well as fasting hyperglycemia without affecting insulin resistance or fasting insulin, cholesterol or TG levels despite overall obesity in vivo in male C57BL/6J mice. IOI-214 also decreased systemic inflammation in vivo and improved gut microbiota dysbiosis and leaky gut. Conclusion Combined, these data indicate that IOI-214 works at multiple levels in parallel to inhibit the inflammation that drives HF diet-induced NAFLD/MAFLD, suggesting that it may have therapeutic potential for NAFLD/MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D McCall
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Debra Walter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Ashley Patton
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jean R Thuma
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Maria C Courreges
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Douglas J Goetz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Bergmeier
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Frank L Schwartz
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
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Lagou MK, Karagiannis GS. Obesity-induced thymic involution and cancer risk. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:3-19. [PMID: 37088128 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Declining thymic functions associated either with old age (i.e., age-related thymic involution), or with acute involution as a result of stress, infectious disease, or cytoreductive therapies (e.g., chemotherapy/radiotherapy), have been associated with cancer development. A key mechanism underlying such increased cancer risk is the thymus-dependent debilitation of adaptive immunity, which is responsible for orchestrating immunoediting mechanisms and tumor immune surveillance. In the past few years, a blooming set of evidence has intriguingly linked obesity with cancer development and progression. The majority of such studies has focused on obesity-driven chronic inflammation, steroid/sex hormone and adipokine production, and hyperinsulinemia, as principal factors affecting the tumor microenvironment and driving the development of primary malignancy. However, experimental observations about the negative impact of obesity on T cell development and maturation have existed for more than half a century. Here, we critically discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of obesity-driven thymic involution as a previously underrepresented intermediary pathology leading to cancer development and progression. This knowledge could be especially relevant in the context of childhood obesity, because impaired thymic function in young individuals leads to immune system abnormalities, and predisposes to various pediatric cancers. A thorough understanding behind the molecular and cellular circuitries governing obesity-induced thymic involution could therefore help towards the rationalized development of targeted thymic regeneration strategies for obese individuals at high risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Lagou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Ablation of sphingosine kinase 2 suppresses fatty liver-associated hepatocellular carcinoma via downregulation of ceramide transfer protein. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:67. [PMID: 36333295 PMCID: PMC9636415 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 90% of primary liver cancer, the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. With the increasing prevalence of metabolic conditions, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the fastest-growing HCC risk factor, and it imposes an additional layer of difficulty in HCC management. Dysregulated hepatic lipids are generally believed to constitute a deleterious environment cultivating the development of NAFLD-associated HCC. However, exactly which lipids or lipid regulators drive this process remains elusive. We report herein that sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2), a key sphingolipid metabolic enzyme, plays a critical role in NAFLD-associated HCC. Ablation of Sphk2 suppressed HCC development in NAFLD livers via inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, SphK2 deficiency led to downregulation of ceramide transfer protein (CERT) that, in turn, decreased the ratio of pro-cancer sphingomyelin (SM) to anti-cancer ceramide. Overexpression of CERT restored hepatocyte proliferation, colony growth and cell cycle progression. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that SphK2 is an essential lipid regulator in NAFLD-associated HCC, providing experimental evidence to support clinical trials of SphK2 inhibitors as systemic therapies against HCC.
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Cokan KB, Hancock JM, Spindelböck W, Režen T, Juvan P, Rozman D. Matching mouse models to specific human liver disease states by comparative functional genomics of mouse and human datasets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194785. [PMID: 34971790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Omics has broadened our view of transcriptional and gene regulatory networks of multifactorial diseases, such as metabolism associated liver disease and its advanced stages including hepatocellular carcinoma. Identifying liver disease biomarkers and potential treatment targets makes use of experimental models, e.g. genetically engineered mice, which show molecular features of human pathologies but are experimentally tractable. We compared gene expression profiling data from human to our studies on transgenic mice with hepatocyte deletion of Cyp51 from cholesterol synthesis with the aim of identifying the human liver disease state best matched by the Cyp51 knockout model. Gene Expression Omnibus was used to identify relevant human datasets. We identified enriched and deregulated genes, pathways and transcription factors of mouse and human disease samples. Analysis showed a closer match of the Cyp51 knockout to the female patient samples. Importantly, CYP51 was depleted in both mouse and female human data. Among the enriched genes were the oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3 (OSBPL3), which was enriched in all datasets, and the collagen gene COL1A2, which was enriched in both the mouse and one human dataset. KEGG and Reactome analyses revealed the most enriched pathway to be ECM-receptor interaction. Numerous transcription factors were differentially expressed in mice of both sexes and in the human female dataset, while depleted HNF4α and RXRα:PPARα-isoform1 were a hallmark in all cases. Our analysis exposed novel potential biomarkers, which may provide new avenues towards more personalized approaches and different targets in females and males. The analysis was only possible because of availability of open data resources and tools and broadly consistent annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Blagotinšek Cokan
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John M Hancock
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Walter Spindelböck
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Tadeja Režen
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Juvan
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Ren M, Xu H, Xia H, Tang Q, Bi F. Simultaneously targeting SOAT1 and CPT1A ameliorates hepatocellular carcinoma by disrupting lipid homeostasis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:125. [PMID: 34052835 PMCID: PMC8164629 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis plays a fundamental role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms that regulate lipid homeostasis to avoid lipotoxicity in HCC remain elusive. Here, we found high-fat diet (HFD) improved the expression of sterol o-acyltransferase1 (SOAT1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) in diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC. Bioinformatic analysis showed that SOAT1-mediated fatty acid storage and CPT1A-mediated fatty acids oxidation (FAO) formed a double-negative feedback loop in HCC. We verified that SOAT1 inhibition enhanced CPT1A protein, which shuttled the released fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation in vivo and in vitro. Besides, we further confirmed that CPT1A inhibition converted excess fatty acids into lipid drops by SOAT1 in vitro. Simultaneously targeting SOAT1 and CPT1A by the small-molecule inhibitors avasimibe and etomoxir had synergistic anticancer efficacy in HCC in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides new mechanistic insights into the regulation of lipid homeostasis and suggests the combination of avasimibe and etomoxir is a novel strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Ren
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Huanji Xu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Hongwei Xia
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Qiulin Tang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
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Liu SY, Tsai IT, Hsu YC. Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5170. [PMID: 34068269 PMCID: PMC8153142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) refers to the liver damage occurring due to excessive alcohol consumption and involves a broad spectrum of diseases that includes liver steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The progression of ALD is mainly associated with the amount and duration of alcohol usage; however, it is also influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The definite diagnosis of ALD is based on a liver biopsy, although several non-invasive diagnostic tools and serum biomarkers have emerging roles in the early detection of ALD. While alcohol abstinence and nutritional support remain the cornerstone of ALD treatment, growing evidence has revealed that the therapeutic agents that target oxidative stress or gut-liver axis, inflammatory response inhibition, and liver regeneration enhancement also play a role in ALD management. Furthermore, microRNAs modulation and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy have emerging potential as ALD therapeutic options. This review summarizes the updated understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic approaches for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yi Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
- School of Medicine for International Student, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chou Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
- School of Medicine for International Student, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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7
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Kakehashi A, Chariyakornkul A, Suzuki S, Khuanphram N, Tatsumi K, Yamano S, Fujioka M, Gi M, Wongpoomchai R, Wanibuchi H. Cache Domain Containing 1 Is a Novel Marker of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Associated Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061216. [PMID: 33802238 PMCID: PMC8001421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of the present study was to discover novel early molecular biomarkers of liver neoplasms which arise in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) Stelic Animal Model (STAM) mice. Significant increase of lipid deposits, hepatocyte ballooning, fibrosis, and incidences and multiplicities of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas were detected in the livers of 18-week-old STAM mice. From the results of proteome analysis of STAM mice hepatocellular carcinomas, significant elevation of a novel protein, cache domain-containing 1 (CACHD1) was found. Furthermore, we observed CACHD1-positive foci in STAM mice livers, which number, area, and cell proliferation index within the foci were significantly elevated. Results of immunohistochemical and in vitro functional analysis indicated that CACHD1 may become a useful early biomarker and potential molecular target in NASH-associated hepatocarcinogenesis, which is involved in control of cell proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis. Abstract In the present study, potential molecular biomarkers of NASH hepatocarcinogenesis were investigated using the STAM mice NASH model, characterized by impaired insulin secretion and development of insulin resistance. In this model, 2-days-old C57BL/6N mice were subjected to a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 200 μg streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes mellitus (DM). Four weeks later, mice were administered high-fat diet (HFD) HFD-60 for 14 weeks (STAM group), or fed control diet (STZ group). Eighteen-week-old mice were euthanized to allow macroscopic, microscopic, histopathological, immunohistochemical and proteome analyses. The administration of HFD to STZ-treated mice induced significant fat accumulation and fibrosis development in the liver, which progressed to NASH, and rise of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and carcinomas (HCCs). In 18-week-old animals, a significant increase in the incidence and multiplicity of HCAs and HCCs was found. On the basis of results of proteome analysis of STAM mice HCCs, a novel highly elevated protein in HCCs, cache domain-containing 1 (CACHD1), was chosen as a potential NASH-HCC biomarker candidate. Immunohistochemical assessment demonstrated that STAM mice liver basophilic, eosinophilic and mixed-type altered foci, HCAs and HCCs were strongly positive for CACHD1. The number and area of CACHD1-positive foci, and cell proliferation index in the area of foci in mice of the STAM group were significantly increased compared to that of STZ group. In vitro siRNA knockdown of CACHD1 in human Huh7 and HepG2 liver cancer cell lines resulted in significant inhibition of cell survival and proliferation. Analysis of the proteome of knockdown cells indicated that apoptosis and autophagy processes could be activated. From these results, CACHD1 is an early NASH-associated biomarker of liver preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, and a potential target protein in DM/NASH-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-66-645-3737
| | - Arpamas Chariyakornkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawarorot Rd., Sri Phum, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.C.); (N.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Napaporn Khuanphram
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawarorot Rd., Sri Phum, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.C.); (N.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Kumiko Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Shotaro Yamano
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Masaki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawarorot Rd., Sri Phum, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.C.); (N.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (S.S.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (H.W.)
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Tenen DG, Chai L, Tan JL. Metabolic alterations and vulnerabilities in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 9:1-13. [PMID: 33747521 PMCID: PMC7962738 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a serious disease. It is ranked as the cancer with the second highest number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which arises from transformed hepatocytes, is the major subtype of liver cancer. It accounts for 85% of total liver-cancer cases. An important aspect of HCC that has been actively studied is its metabolism. With the liver as the primary site of numerous metabolic processes in the body, it has been shown that the metabolism of HCC cells is highly dysregulated compared to that of normal hepatocytes. It is therefore crucial to understand the metabolic alterations caused by HCC and the underlying mechanisms for these alterations. This deeper understanding will allow diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in the treatment of HCC. In this review, we will summarize the current literature in HCC metabolic alterations, induced vulnerabilities, and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin L Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
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9
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High fat diet-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review of proposed mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Zhou X, Fouda S, Li D, Zhang K, Ye JM. Involvement of the Autophagy-ER Stress Axis in High Fat/Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092626. [PMID: 32872238 PMCID: PMC7551457 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease that can progress from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and even further to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. Overconsumption of high fat and/or carbohydrate are among the most common lifestyle factors that drive the development and progression of NAFLD. This review evaluates recent reports on the involvement of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here, we reveal a mechanism of an intrinsically linked axis of impaired autophagy and unresolved ER stress that mediates the development and progression of NAFLD resulting from the overconsumption of high fat and/or carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (X.Z.); (D.L.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529040, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Sherouk Fouda
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (X.Z.); (D.L.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (X.Z.); (D.L.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529040, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (X.Z.); (D.L.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529040, China
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9925-7419; Fax: +61-3-9925-7178
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11
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Li Z, Gao WQ, Wang P, Wang TQ, Xu WC, Zhu XY, Liu H. Pentamethylquercetin Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Adipocytes-induced PD-L1 Expression via IFN-γ Signaling. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:868-874. [PMID: 32748749 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620999200730184514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of types of cancer. Programmed death 1 and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) play a crucial role in tumor immune escape. Although, the role of PD-L1 in obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. We previously showed that the natural flavonoid pentamethylquercetin (PMQ) possesses anti-obesity properties. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effects of PMQ on the development of HCC in obese mice and whether PMQ regulates PD-L1 and expression in HCC. METHODS Monosodium glutamate-induced obese mice were inoculated with H22 tumor cells. Tumor volumes and weights were measured. In vitro, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated and lipid accumulation was measured by oil-red staining, and IFN-γ level was detected by Elisa. Hepatoma HepG2 cells were treated with conditional media from 3T3-L1 adipocytes (adi-CM). Western blotting was applied to detect PD-L1 protein levels in tumor tissue and HepG2 cells. RESULTS Compared with control mice, H22 tumors grew faster and exhibited higher PD-L1 protein levels in obese mice. PMQ inhibited H22 tumor growth and reduced PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues. PD-L1 protein level was elevated in adi-CM-treated HepG2 cells. IFN-γ was detectable in adi-CM and exogenous IFN-γ induced PD-L1 expression in HepG2 cells. PMQ affected the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, decreased the level of IFN-γ secreted by adipocytes and downregulated adi-CM-induced PD-L1 expression in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION PMQ could inhibit HCC progression in obese mice at least in part through down-regulating adipocytes-induced PD-L1 expression via IFN-γ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Qi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Chao Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Hubei, China
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12
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Radhakrishnan S, Ke JY, Pellizzon MA. Targeted Nutrient Modifications in Purified Diets Differentially Affect Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Disease Development in Rodent Models. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa078. [PMID: 32494762 PMCID: PMC7250583 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex spectrum of disorders ranging from simple benign steatosis to more aggressive forms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Although not every patient with NAFLD/NASH develops liver complications, if left untreated it may eventually lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Purified diets formulated with specific nutritional components can drive the entire spectrum of NAFLD in rodent models. Although they may not perfectly replicate the clinical and histological features of human NAFLD, they provide a model to gain further understanding of disease progression in humans. Owing to the growing demand of diets for NAFLD research, and for our further understanding of how manipulation of dietary components can alter disease development, we outlined several commonly used dietary approaches for rodent models, including mice, rats, and hamsters, time frames required for disease development and whether other metabolic diseases commonly associated with NAFLD in humans occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Yu Ke
- Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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13
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Coia H, Ma N, Hou Y, Permaul E, Berry DL, Cruz MI, Pannkuk E, Girgis M, Zhu Z, Lee Y, Rodriquez O, Cheema A, Chung FL. Theaphenon E prevents fatty liver disease and increases CD4+ T cell survival in mice fed a high-fat diet. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:110-119. [PMID: 32439267 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is a major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is an epidemic affecting nearly 34% of the adult population in the US. As a chronic inflammatory disease, NAFLD influences the immune system by dysregulating T-cell activity. Remedies for the adverse effects on the immune system are urgently needed. We studied Theaphenon E (TE), a standardized formulation of green tea extract, on the adverse effects of NAFLD in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). METHODS Mice received HFD, low fat diet (LFD) or HFD+2% TE for 35 weeks. Hepatic lipid accumulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and CD4+T lymphocytes were measured throughout the bioassay. The hepatic composition of fatty acids was determined. The effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) metabolites on lipid accumulation in mouse and primary human liver cells were studied. RESULTS Unlike mice receiving HFD, mice on HFD+2% TE maintained normal liver to body weight ratios with low levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST). Hepatic lipid accumulation was observed in HFD mice, accompanied by increased proliferation, reduced apoptosis and loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes. TE significantly inhibited lipid accumulation, decreased proliferation, induced apoptosis and increased CD4+ T cell survival in HFD mice. It was found that the EGCG metabolite EGC-M3 reduced lipid accumulation in mouse and human hepatocytes. Linoleic acid showed the largest increase (2.5-fold) in livers of mice on a HFD and this increase was significantly suppressed by TE. CONCLUSIONS Livers of HFD-fed mice showed lipid accumulation, increased proliferation, reduced apoptosis, elevated linoleic acid and loss of CD4+ T cells. TE effectively ameliorated all of these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Coia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Yanqi Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Eva Permaul
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Deborah L Berry
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Evan Pannkuk
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Michael Girgis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Zizhao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Yichen Lee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Olga Rodriquez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Amrita Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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14
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Saeidi J, Motaghipur R, Sepehrian A, Mohtashami M, Forooghi Nia F, Ghasemi A. Dietary fats promote inflammation in Wistar rats as well as induce proliferation, invasion of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13177. [PMID: 32157714 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of high fat diet (HFD) in ovarian cancer and its underlying mechanisms are poorly known. In current investigation, we investigated inflammatory and oncogenic effect of dietary fats in female Wistar rats and ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV3). The ELISA kits were used for adipokines and inflammatory factors analyses in sera collected from rats fed with high fat diet (SR-HFD). Cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were measured in SKOV3 cells treated with the SR-HFD and FA mix. IL6, IL1β, TNFα, NF-kβ, and p53 expression were measured in cells incubated with the mentioned treatments. Leptin and inflammatory factors increased, while adiponectin decreased in SR-HFD. Moreover, FA mix significantly induced proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoted the expression of inflammatory factors and NF-κB and inhibited apoptosis markers in SKOV3 cells. Taken together, our findings revealed that diet might be a crucial factor in ovarian cancer progression through altering the inflammatory factors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The HFD-mediated obesity promotes cancer progression in various tissues. This study highlights the progression of inflammation in female Wistar rats and the growth of ovarian cancer cells by dietary fats. Thus, dietary factors can be considered as key factors for the prevention of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Reza Motaghipur
- Department of Genetic, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Atefe Sepehrian
- Department of Genetic, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mohtashami
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forooghi Nia
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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15
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Murine Genetic Background Overcomes Gut Microbiota Changes to Explain Metabolic Response to High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020287. [PMID: 31973214 PMCID: PMC7071469 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of diet, gut microbiota, and host genetics play essential roles in the development of metabolic diseases. A/J and C57BL/6J (C57) are two mouse strains known to display different susceptibilities to metabolic disorders. In this context, we analyzed gut microbiota composition in A/J and C57 mice, and assessed its responses to high-fat diet (HFD) and antibiotic (AB) treatment. We also exchanged the gut microbiota between the two strains following AB treatment to evaluate its impact on the metabolism. We showed that A/J and C57 mice have different microbiome structure and composition at baseline. Moreover, A/J and C57 microbiomes responded differently to HFD and AB treatments. Exchange of the gut microbiota between the two strains was successful as recipients’ microbiota resembled donor-strain microbiota. Seven weeks after inoculation, the differences between recipients persisted and were still closer from the donor-strain microbiota. Despite effective microbiota transplants, the response to HFD was not markedly modified in C57 and A/J mice. Particularly, body weight gain and glucose intolerance in response to HFD remained different in the two mouse strains whatever the changes in microbiome composition. This indicated that genetic background has a much stronger impact on metabolic responses to HFD than gut microbiome composition.
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16
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Casagrande V, Mauriello A, Anemona L, Mavilio M, Iuliani G, De Angelis L, D'Onofrio M, Arisi I, Federici M, Menghini R. Timp3 deficiency affects the progression of DEN-related hepatocellular carcinoma during diet-induced obesity in mice. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:1265-1274. [PMID: 31292722 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Obesity and low-grade inflammation are associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 3, an endogenous inhibitor of protease activity that represents a key mediator of inflammation, is reduced in inflammatory metabolic disorders and cancer. In contrast, Timp3-deficient mice (Timp3-/-) are highly resistant to developing HCC in response to a diethylnitrosamine (DEN); therefore, we aimed to elucidate the biological role of genetic loss of Timp3 in obesity-related hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS Fourteen-day-old male wild-type (wt) and Timp3-/- mice were injected with 25 mg/kg DEN or an equal volume of saline. After 4 weeks, mice were randomized into two dietary groups and fed either normal or high-fat diet and allowed to grow until 32 weeks of age. Liver histological features were analyzed, and differentially expressed genes in the liver were quantified. RESULTS In Timp3-/- mice fed with the obesogenic diet, despite the increase in liver steatosis and inflammation, both the number of tumors and the total tumor size are significantly reduced 30 weeks post-DEN injection, compared to control mice. Moreover, Timp3 deletion in hepatocarcinogenesis during obesity is associated with a reduction in FoxM1 transcriptional activity through H19/miR-675/p53 pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that Timp3 ablation leads to cell cycle perturbation, at least in part by repressing FoxM1 transcriptional activity through H19/miR-675/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Casagrande
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases and 2 Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Mavilio
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Iuliani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Angelis
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara D'Onofrio
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) "Rita Levi-Montalcini", 00161, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), CNR, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Arisi
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) "Rita Levi-Montalcini", 00161, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), CNR, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Satriano L, Lewinska M, Rodrigues PM, Banales JM, Andersen JB. Metabolic rearrangements in primary liver cancers: cause and consequences. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:748-766. [PMID: 31666728 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death. The high mortality rates arise from late diagnosis and the limited accuracy of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The liver is a major regulator, orchestrating the clearance of toxins, balancing glucose, lipid and amino acid uptake, managing whole-body metabolism and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Tumour onset and progression is frequently accompanied by rearrangements of metabolic pathways, leading to dysregulation of metabolism. The limitation of current therapies targeting PLCs, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, points towards the importance of deciphering this metabolic complexity. In this Review, we discuss the role of metabolic liver disruptions and the implications of these processes in PLCs, emphasizing their clinical relevance and value in early diagnosis and prognosis and as putative therapeutic targets. We also describe system biology approaches able to reconstruct the metabolic complexity of liver diseases. We also discuss whether metabolic rearrangements are a cause or consequence of PLCs, emphasizing the opportunity to clinically exploit the rewired metabolism. In line with this idea, we discuss circulating metabolites as promising biomarkers for PLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Satriano
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Velázquez KT, Enos RT, Bader JE, Sougiannis AT, Carson MS, Chatzistamou I, Carson JA, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M, Murphy EA. Prolonged high-fat-diet feeding promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alters gut microbiota in mice. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:619-637. [PMID: 31528245 PMCID: PMC6717713 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i8.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic largely due to the worldwide increase in obesity. While lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies have been used to alleviate NAFLD, successful treatment options are limited. One of the main barriers to finding safe and effective drugs for long-term use in NAFLD is the fast initiation and progression of disease in the available preclinical models. Therefore, we are in need of preclinical models that (1) mimic the human manifestation of NAFLD and (2) have a longer progression time to allow for the design of superior treatments.
AIM To characterize a model of prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for investigation of the long-term progression of NAFLD.
METHODS In this study, we utilized prolonged HFD feeding to examine NAFLD features in C57BL/6 male mice. We fed mice with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrate) for 80 wk to promote obesity (Old-HFD group, n = 18). A low-fat diet (LFD) (14% fat, 32% protein, and 54% carbohydrate) was administered for the same duration to age-matched mice (Old-LFD group, n = 15). An additional group of mice was maintained on the LFD (Young-LFD, n = 20) for a shorter duration (6 wk) to distinguish between age-dependent and age-independent effects. Liver, colon, adipose tissue, and feces were collected for histological and molecular assessments.
RESULTS Prolonged HFD feeding led to obesity and insulin resistance. Histological analysis in the liver of HFD mice demonstrated steatosis, cell injury, portal and lobular inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, molecular analysis for markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress established that the liver tissue of HFD mice have increased phosphorylated Jnk and CHOP. Lastly, we evaluated the gut microbial composition of Old-LFD and Old-HFD. We observed that prolonged HFD feeding in mice increased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum. At the genus level, we observed a significant increase in the abundance of Adercreutzia, Coprococcus, Dorea, and Ruminococcus and decreased relative abundance of Turicibacter and Anaeroplasma in HFD mice.
CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that chronic HFD consumption in mice can mimic pathophysiological and some microbial events observed in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandy T Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Jackie E Bader
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Alexander T Sougiannis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Meredith S Carson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - James A Carson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
- College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
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19
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Lee S, Kwak JH, Kim SH, Jeong TB, Son SW, Kim JH, Lim Y, Cho JY, Hwang DY, Kim KS, Jung YS. Comparative study of liver injury induced by high-fat methionine- and choline-deficient diet in ICR mice originating from three different sources. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:15. [PMID: 32257903 PMCID: PMC7081597 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It is characterized by the accumulation of lipids without alcohol intake and often progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and end-stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis or cancer. Although animal models have greatly contributed to the understanding of NAFLD, studies on the disease progression in humans are still limited. In this study, we used the recently reported high-fat L-methionine-defined and choline-deficient (HFMCD) diet to rapidly induce NASH and compared the responses to HFMCD in ICR mice from three different countries: Korea (supplied by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation), USA, and Japan during 6 weeks. Feeding HFMCD did not cause significant differences in weight gain in comparison with mice fed control diet. Relative weight of the liver increased gradually, while the relative weight of the kidneys remained unchanged. The parameters of liver injury (serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase) increased rapidly from 1 week and remained elevated for as long as 6 weeks. Histopathological analysis showed that the accumulation of hepatic lipids induced by HFMCD was prominent at 1 week after diet supplementation and increased further at 6 weeks. Inflammatory markers were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner by HFMCD. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated approximately 15-fold relative to control diet and that of IL-1β was increased more than 20-folds at 6 week after the onset of HFMCD intake. In addition, mRNA expression of fibrosis markers such as α-SMA, TGFβ1, and Col1a1 were also significantly increased at 6 week. In summary, the responses of Korl:ICR mice by intake of HFMCD diet were similar to those of ICR mice from other sources, which suggests that Korl:ICR mice is also a useful resource to study the pathogenesis of diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- 2College of Pharmacy, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Bin Jeong
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Son
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Joung-Hee Kim
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Nursing and Healthcare Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- 4Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 5Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Kil Soo Kim
- 6College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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20
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was first described as a distinct clinical entity four decades ago. However, the condition has become the centre of attention within hepatology owing to its high prevalence and growing contribution to the burden of end-stage liver disease in the general population. This Perspective provides an overview on the development of knowledge related to NAFLD with a focus on landmark findings that have influenced current paradigms and key knowledge gaps that need to be filled to make progress. Specifically, a timeline of scientific discovery of both basic disease mechanisms (with a focus on human data) and the evolution of knowledge about the clinical course of the disease is provided and related to current approaches to treat and eventually prevent NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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21
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Jimenez V, Jambrina C, Casana E, Sacristan V, Muñoz S, Darriba S, Rodó J, Mallol C, Garcia M, León X, Marcó S, Ribera A, Elias I, Casellas A, Grass I, Elias G, Ferré T, Motas S, Franckhauser S, Mulero F, Navarro M, Haurigot V, Ruberte J, Bosch F. FGF21 gene therapy as treatment for obesity and insulin resistance. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708791. [PMID: 29987000 PMCID: PMC6079533 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is increasing worldwide. Currently available therapies are not suited for all patients in the heterogeneous obese/T2D population, hence the need for novel treatments. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is considered a promising therapeutic agent for T2D/obesity. Native FGF21 has, however, poor pharmacokinetic properties, making gene therapy an attractive strategy to achieve sustained circulating levels of this protein. Here, adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) were used to genetically engineer liver, adipose tissue, or skeletal muscle to secrete FGF21. Treatment of animals under long-term high-fat diet feeding or of ob/ob mice resulted in marked reductions in body weight, adipose tissue hypertrophy and inflammation, hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, and insulin resistance for > 1 year. This therapeutic effect was achieved in the absence of side effects despite continuously elevated serum FGF21. Furthermore, FGF21 overproduction in healthy animals fed a standard diet prevented the increase in weight and insulin resistance associated with aging. Our study underscores the potential of FGF21 gene therapy to treat obesity, insulin resistance, and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Jimenez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Jambrina
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefania Casana
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Sacristan
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Darriba
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodó
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Mallol
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Garcia
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Marcó
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Ribera
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivet Elias
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Casellas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignasi Grass
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Elias
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tura Ferré
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Motas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sylvie Franckhauser
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Mulero
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Navarro
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Virginia Haurigot
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Ruberte
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Mistletoe extract Fraxini inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer by down-regulating c-Myc expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6428. [PMID: 31015523 PMCID: PMC6478697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mistletoe (Viscum album) is a type of parasitic plant reported to have anticancer activity including in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of mistletoe’s anticancer activity, and its effectiveness in treating HCC are not fully understood. We report here that mistletoe extracts, including Fraxini (grown on ash trees) and Iscador Q and M (grown on oak and maple trees), exert strong antiproliferative activity in Hep3B cells, with median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.5 µg/mL, 7.49 µg/mL, and 7.51 µg/mL, respectively. Results of Reversed Phase Proteomic Array analysis (RPPA) suggests that Fraxini substantially down-regulates c-Myc expression in Hep3B cells. Fraxini-induced growth inhibition (at a concentration of 1.25 μg/ml) was less pronounced in c-Myc knockdown Hep3B cells than in control cells. Furthermore, in the Hep3B xenograft model, Fraxini-treated (8 mg/kg body weight) mice had significantly smaller tumors (34.6 ± 11.9 mm3) than control mice (161.6 ± 79.4 mm3, p < 0.036). Similarly, c-Myc protein expression was reduced in Fraxini treated Hep3B cell xenografts compared to that of control mice. The reduction of c-Myc protein levels in vitro Hep3B cells appears to be mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Our results suggest the importance of c-Myc in Fraxini’s antiproliferative activity, which warrants further investigation.
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23
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Coia H, Ma N, Hou Y, Dyba MD, Fu Y, Cruz MI, Benitez C, Graham GT, McCutcheon JN, Zheng YL, Sun B, Kallakury BV, Ma J, Fang HB, Berry DL, Muralidaran V, Chung FL. Prevention of Lipid Peroxidation-derived Cyclic DNA Adduct and Mutation in High-Fat Diet-induced Hepatocarcinogenesis by Theaphenon E. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:665-676. [PMID: 30131435 PMCID: PMC6171362 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with cancer risk and its link with liver cancer is particularly strong. Obesity causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that could progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic inflammation likely plays a key role. We carried out a bioassay in the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice to provide insight into the mechanisms of obesity-related HCC by studying γ-OHPdG, a mutagenic DNA adduct derived from lipid peroxidation. In an 80-week bioassay, mice received a low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD with 2% Theaphenon E (TE) (HFD+TE). HFD mice developed a 42% incidence of HCC and LFD mice a 16%. Remarkably, TE, a standardized green tea extract formulation, completely blocked HCC in HFD mice with a 0% incidence. γ-OHPdG measured in the hepatic DNA of mice fed HFD and HFD+TE showed its levels increased during the early stages of NAFLD in HFD mice and the increases were significantly suppressed by TE, correlating with the tumor data. Whole-exome sequencing showed an increased mutation load in the liver tumors of HFD mice with G>A and G>T as the predominant mutations, consistent with the report that γ-OHPdG induces G>A and G>T. Furthermore, the mutation loads were significantly reduced in HFD+TE mice, particularly G>T, the most common mutation in human HCC. These results demonstrate in a relevant model of obesity-induced HCC that γ-OHPdG formation during fatty liver disease may be an initiating event for accumulated mutations that leads to HCC and this process can be effectively inhibited by TE. Cancer Prev Res; 11(10); 665-76. ©2018 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/drug effects
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control
- DNA Adducts/drug effects
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Incidence
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/epidemiology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation Rate
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/pathology
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Polyphenols/administration & dosage
- Tea/chemistry
- Exome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Coia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Yanqi Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Marcin D Dyba
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Carlos Benitez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Justine N McCutcheon
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Yun-Ling Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Bhaskar V Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Hong-Bin Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Deborah L Berry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Vinona Muralidaran
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC.
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
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24
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Brown ZJ, Heinrich B, Greten TF. Mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview and highlights for immunotherapy research. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:536-554. [PMID: 29904153 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models are the basis of preclinical and translational research in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Multiple methods exist to induce tumour formation in mice, including genetically engineered mouse models, chemotoxic agents, intrahepatic or intrasplenic injection of tumour cells and xenograft approaches. Additionally, as HCC generally develops in the context of diseased liver, methods exist to induce liver disease in mice to mimic viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, fibrosis, alcohol-induced liver disease and cholestasis. Similar to HCC in humans, response to therapy in mouse models is monitored with imaging modalities such as CT or MRI, as well as additional techniques involving bioluminescence. As immunotherapy is increasingly applied to HCC, mouse models for these approaches are required for preclinical data. In studying cancer immunotherapy, it is important to consider aspects of antitumour immune responses and to produce a model that mimics the complexity of the immune system. This Review provides an overview of the different mouse models of HCC, presenting techniques to prepare an HCC mouse model and discussing different approaches to help researchers choose an appropriate model for a specific hypothesis. Specific aspects of immunotherapy research in HCC and the applied mouse models in this field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Brown
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bernd Heinrich
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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25
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Su X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zan L, Wang H. Overexpression of the Rybp Gene Inhibits Differentiation of Bovine Myoblasts into Myotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072082. [PMID: 30021933 PMCID: PMC6073553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RING1 and YY1 binding protein (Rybp) genes inhibit myogenesis in mice, but there are no reports on the effects of these genes in cattle. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of the Rybp gene on bovine skeletal muscle development and myoblast differentiation. In the present study, the Rybp gene was overexpressed in bovine myoblasts via adenovirus. RNA-seq was performed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results showed that overexpressing the Rybp gene inhibits the formation of myotubes. The morphological differences in myoblasts began on the second day and were very significant 6 days after adenovirus induction. A total of 1311 (707 upregulated and 604 downregulated) DEGs were screened using RNA-seq between myoblasts with added negative control adenoviruses (AD-NC) and Rybp adenoviruses (AD-Rybp) after 6 days of induction. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis revealed that the downregulated DEGs were mainly involved in biological functions related to muscle, and, of the 32 pathways, those associated with muscle development were significantly enriched for the identified DEGs. This study can not only provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of skeletal muscle development in cattle by exploring the roles of the Rybp gene in myoblast differentiation, but it can also lay a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22th Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22th Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yaning Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22th Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22th Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22th Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Centre, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22th Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Centre, Yangling 712100, China.
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26
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Takeda M, Sakaguchi T, Hiraide T, Shibasaki Y, Morita Y, Kikuchi H, Ikegami K, Setou M, Konno H, Takeuchi H. Role of caveolin-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma arising from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2401-2411. [PMID: 29896915 PMCID: PMC6113505 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular features of hepatocellular carcinoma arising from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD-HCC) are not well known. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which NAFLD-HCC survives in a fat-rich environment. We found that caveolin (CAV)-1 was overexpressed in clinical specimens from NAFLD-HCC patients. HepG2, HLE, and HuH-7 HCC cell lines showed decreased proliferation in the presence of the saturated fatty acids palmitic acid and stearic acid, although only HLE cells expressed high levels of CAV-1. HLE cells treated with oleic acid (OA) showed robust proliferation, whereas CAV-null HepG2 cells showed reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. CAV-1 knockdown in HLE cells attenuated the OA-induced increase in proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the levels of OA-containing ceramide, a pro-apoptotic factor, were higher in HepG2 and CAV-1-deficient HLE cells than in HLE cells, suggesting that CAV-1 inhibits apoptosis by decreasing the level of OA-containing ceramide. These results indicate that CAV-1 is important for NAFLD-HCC survival in fatty acid-rich environments and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takeda
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takanori Sakaguchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takanori Hiraide
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shibasaki
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morita
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kikuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Pre-eminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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27
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28
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Xu S, Zhang X, Liu P. Lipid droplet proteins and metabolic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1968-1983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Berger NA. Young Adult Cancer: Influence of the Obesity Pandemic. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:641-650. [PMID: 29570247 PMCID: PMC5868416 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the association of the obesity pandemic with appearance of cancers in young adults under age 50 and to define potential mechanisms by which obesity may accelerate the development of malignancy. METHODS A comprehensive narrative review was performed to integrate preclinical, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence describing the association of obesity with cancer in young adults based on a search of PubMed and Google databases. RESULTS Results from more than 100 publications are summarized. Although they differ in age groups analyzed and incidence of obesity, sufficient data exists to suggest an influence of the obesity pandemic on the increase of cancer among young adults. CONCLUSIONS Cancer in young adults is occurring with increasing frequency. Overweight and obesity have become major public health issues reaching pandemic proportions. Excess weight is associated with increased cancer risk, morbidity, and mortality. Multiple murine models indicate that obesity not only increases cancer incidence but also accelerates its development. Thus, the possibility exists that overweight and obesity may be contributing to the appearance of specific malignancies at younger ages. This prospect, in association with the worldwide expansion of obesity, suggests an impending explosive increase in obesity-associated cancers in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Berger
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, Genetics & Genome Sciences, Center for Science, Health, and Society, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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30
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Chiyonobu N, Shimada S, Akiyama Y, Mogushi K, Itoh M, Akahoshi K, Matsumura S, Ogawa K, Ono H, Mitsunori Y, Ban D, Kudo A, Arii S, Suganami T, Yamaoka S, Ogawa Y, Tanabe M, Tanaka S. Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) Overexpression in Intratumoral Hepatic Stellate Cells within Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Metabolic Risk Factors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1213-1224. [PMID: 29454748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a newly identified risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, tumor-specific biomarkers still remain unclear. We performed cross-species analysis to compare gene signatures of HCC from human patients and melanocortin 4 receptor-knockout mice, which develop HCC with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and principle component analysis of 746 differentially expressed orthologous genes classified HCC of 152 human patients and melanocortin 4 receptor-knockout mice into two distinct subgroups, one of which included mouse HCC and was causatively associated with metabolic risk factors. Nine genes commonly overexpressed in human and mouse metabolic disease-associated HCC were identified; fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) was remarkably enriched in intratumoral activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Subclones constitutively expressing FABP4 were established from a human HSC cell line in which expression levels of inflammatory chemokines, including IL-1A and IL-6, were up-regulated through NF-κB nuclear translocation, resulting in recruitment of macrophages. An immunohistochemical validation study of 106 additional human HCC samples indicated that FABP4-positive HSCs were distributed in tumors of 38 cases, and the FABP4-high group consisted of patients with nonviral and nonalcoholic HCC (P = 0.027) and with multiple metabolic risk factors (P < 0.001) compared with the FABP4-low group. Thus, FABP4 overexpression in HSCs may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with metabolic risk factors by modulation of inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimichi Chiyonobu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Itoh
- Department of Organ Network and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitsunori
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Arii
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medical and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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31
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Chella Krishnan K, Kurt Z, Barrere-Cain R, Sabir S, Das A, Floyd R, Vergnes L, Zhao Y, Che N, Charugundla S, Qi H, Zhou Z, Meng Y, Pan C, Seldin MM, Norheim F, Hui S, Reue K, Lusis AJ, Yang X. Integration of Multi-omics Data from Mouse Diversity Panel Highlights Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cell Syst 2018; 6:103-115.e7. [PMID: 29361464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common form of chronic liver disease, is poorly understood. To understand the causal mechanisms underlying NAFLD, we conducted a multi-omics, multi-tissue integrative study using the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, consisting of ∼100 strains of mice with various degrees of NAFLD. We identified both tissue-specific biological processes and processes that were shared between adipose and liver tissues. We then used gene network modeling to predict candidate regulatory genes of these NAFLD processes, including Fasn, Thrsp, Pklr, and Chchd6. In vivo knockdown experiments of the candidate genes improved both steatosis and insulin resistance. Further in vitro testing demonstrated that downregulation of both Pklr and Chchd6 lowered mitochondrial respiration and led to a shift toward glycolytic metabolism, thus highlighting mitochondria dysfunction as a key mechanistic driver of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthickeyan Chella Krishnan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rio Barrere-Cain
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon Sabir
- Department of Psychology, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aditi Das
- Department of Psychology, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raquel Floyd
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nam Che
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarada Charugundla
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Qi
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonghong Meng
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon Hui
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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32
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The Transcriptomic Signature Of Disease Development And Progression Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17193. [PMID: 29222421 PMCID: PMC5722878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal molecular model of the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) over time is lacking. We have recently validated a high fat/sugar water-induced animal (an isogenic strain of C57BL/6 J:129S1/SvImJ mice) model of NAFLD that closely mimics most aspects of human disease. The hepatic transcriptome of such mice with fatty liver (8 weeks), steatohepatitis with early fibrosis (16–24 weeks) and advanced fibrosis (52 weeks) after initiation of the diet was evaluated and compared to mice on chow diet. Fatty liver development was associated with transcriptional activation of lipogenesis, FXR-RXR, PPAR-α mediated lipid oxidation and oxidative stress pathways. With progression to steatohepatitis, metabolic pathway activation persisted with additional activation of IL-1/inhibition of RXR, granulocyte diapedesis/adhesion, Fc macrophage activation, prothrombin activation and hepatic stellate cell activation. Progression to advanced fibrosis was associated with dampening of metabolic, oxidative stress and cell stress related pathway activation but with further Fc macrophage activation, cell death and turnover and activation of cancer-related networks. The molecular progression of NAFLD involves a metabolic perturbation which triggers subsequent cell stress and inflammation driving cell death and turnover. Over time, inflammation and fibrogenic pathways become dominant while in advanced disease an inflammatory-oncogenic profile dominates.
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Improving Metabolic Health Through Precision Dietetics in Mice. Genetics 2017; 208:399-417. [PMID: 29158425 PMCID: PMC5753872 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrington et al. examined the effect of four human diets (American, Mediterranean, Japanese, and Maasai/ketogenic) on metabolic health across four mouse... The incidence of diet-induced metabolic disease has soared over the last half-century, despite national efforts to improve health through universal dietary recommendations. Studies comparing dietary patterns of populations with health outcomes have historically provided the basis for healthy diet recommendations. However, evidence that population-level diet responses are reliable indicators of responses across individuals is lacking. This study investigated how genetic differences influence health responses to several popular diets in mice, which are similar to humans in genetic composition and the propensity to develop metabolic disease, but enable precise genetic and environmental control. We designed four human-comparable mouse diets that are representative of those eaten by historical human populations. Across four genetically distinct inbred mouse strains, we compared the American diet’s impact on metabolic health to three alternative diets (Mediterranean, Japanese, and Maasai/ketogenic). Furthermore, we investigated metabolomic and epigenetic alterations associated with diet response. Health effects of the diets were highly dependent on genetic background, demonstrating that individualized diet strategies improve health outcomes in mice. If similar genetic-dependent diet responses exist in humans, then a personalized, or “precision dietetics,” approach to dietary recommendations may yield better health outcomes than the traditional one-size-fits-all approach.
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Chen A, Liu Y, Williams SM, Morris N, Buchner DA. Widespread epistasis regulates glucose homeostasis and gene expression. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007025. [PMID: 28961251 PMCID: PMC5636166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relative contributions of additive versus non-additive interactions in the regulation of complex traits remains controversial. This may be in part because large-scale epistasis has traditionally been difficult to detect in complex, multi-cellular organisms. We hypothesized that it would be easier to detect interactions using mouse chromosome substitution strains that simultaneously incorporate allelic variation in many genes on a controlled genetic background. Analyzing metabolic traits and gene expression levels in the offspring of a series of crosses between mouse chromosome substitution strains demonstrated that inter-chromosomal epistasis was a dominant feature of these complex traits. Epistasis typically accounted for a larger proportion of the heritable effects than those due solely to additive effects. These epistatic interactions typically resulted in trait values returning to the levels of the parental CSS host strain. Due to the large epistatic effects, analyses that did not account for interactions consistently underestimated the true effect sizes due to allelic variation or failed to detect the loci controlling trait variation. These studies demonstrate that epistatic interactions are a common feature of complex traits and thus identifying these interactions is key to understanding their genetic regulation. Most complex traits and diseases are regulated by the combined influence of multiple genetic variants. However, it remains controversial whether these genetic variants independently influence complex traits, and therefore the impact of each variant could be simply added together (additivity), or whether the variants work together to influence trait variation, in which case the combined impact of multiple variants would differ from the summed impact of each individual variant (epistasis). In this study in mice, we discovered that the genetic regulation of blood sugar levels and gene expression in the liver were predominantly controlled by non-additive interactions, whereas body weight was predominantly controlled by additive interactions. Remarkably, the expression level of nearly 25% of all genes in the liver was controlled by non-additive interactions. The non-additive interactions typically acted to return trait values to the levels detected in control mice, thus contributing to a reduction in trait variation. We also demonstrated that not accounting for non-additive interactions significantly underestimated the phenotypic effect of a genetic variant on a particular genetic background, suggesting that many previously identified risk loci may have significantly larger effects on disease susceptibility in a subset of individuals. These studies highlight the importance of understanding interactions between genetic variants to better understand disease risk and personalize clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - David A. Buchner
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Riordan JD, Nadeau JH. From Peas to Disease: Modifier Genes, Network Resilience, and the Genetics of Health. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:177-191. [PMID: 28777930 PMCID: PMC5544383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes are rarely consistent across genetic backgrounds and environments, but instead vary in many ways depending on allelic variants, unlinked genes, epigenetic factors, and environmental exposures. In the extreme, individuals carrying the same causal DNA sequence variant but on different backgrounds can be classified as having distinct conditions. Similarly, some individuals that carry disease alleles are nevertheless healthy despite affected family members in the same environment. These genetic background effects often result from the action of so-called "modifier genes" that modulate the phenotypic manifestation of target genes in an epistatic manner. While complicating the prospects for gene discovery and the feasibility of mechanistic studies, such effects are opportunities to gain a deeper understanding of gene interaction networks that provide organismal form and function as well as resilience to perturbation. Here, we review the principles of modifier genetics and assess progress in studies of modifier genes and their targets in both simple and complex traits. We propose that modifier effects emerge from gene interaction networks whose structure and function vary with genetic background and argue that these effects can be exploited as safe and effective ways to prevent, stabilize, and reverse disease and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Riordan
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| | - Joseph H Nadeau
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
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36
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Tessitore A, Mastroiaco V, Vetuschi A, Sferra R, Pompili S, Cicciarelli G, Barnabei R, Capece D, Zazzeroni F, Capalbo C, Alesse E. Development of hepatocellular cancer induced by long term low fat-high carbohydrate diet in a NAFLD/NASH mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53482-53494. [PMID: 28881825 PMCID: PMC5581124 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease. It can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and, in a percentage of cases, to hepatocarcinogenesis. The strong incidence in western countries of obesity and metabolic syndrome, whose NAFLD is the hepatic expression, is thought to be correlated to consumption of diets characterized by processed food and sweet beverages. Previous studies described high-fat diet-induced liver tumors. Conversely, the involvement of low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet in the progression of liver disease or cancer initiation has not been described yet. Here we show for the first time hepatic cancer formation in low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet fed NAFLD/NASH mouse model. Animals were long term high-fat, low-fat/high-carbohydrate or standard diet fed. We observed progressive liver damage in low-fat/high-carbohydrate and high-fat animals after 12 and, more, 18 months. Tumors were detected in 20% and 50% of high-fat diet fed mice after 12 and 18 months and, interestingly, in 30% of low-fat/high-carbohydrate fed animals after 18 months. No tumors were detected in standard diet fed mice. Global increase of hepatic interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and hepatocyte growth factor was detected in low-fat/high-carbohydrate and high-fat with respect to standard diet fed mice as well as in tumor with respect to non-tumor bearing mice. A panel of 15 microRNAs was analyzed: some of them revealed differential expression in low-fat/high-carbohydrate with respect to high-fat diet fed groups and in tumors. Data here shown provide the first evidence of the involvement of low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet in hepatic damage leading to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Mastroiaco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Germana Cicciarelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Remo Barnabei
- S. Salvatore Hospital, Unit of Laboratory Medicine, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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37
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Amano Y, Shimizu F, Yasuno H, Harada A, Tsuchiya S, Isono O, Nagabukuro H, Tozawa R. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in a combined mouse model of genetic modification and dietary challenge. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:103-115. [PMID: 26992446 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Experimental models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are still required for understanding the pathophysiology of this disease. This study aimed to examine whether disease progression is accelerated by combining dyslipidemic genetic modification and dietary challenges and develop NASH-associated hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinoma in a short period. METHODS Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice were fed a modified choline-deficient amino acid-defined diet, including 1 w/w% cholesterol and 41 kcal% fat, and was comprehensively profiled over 1 year. RESULTS Microvesicular and macrovesicular steatosis in the liver was observed from the first week after starting the modified choline-deficient amino acid-defined diet. Macrovesicular steatosis was exacerbated with time and was observed in almost all hepatocytes at week 8, but slightly decreased at week 16. Infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, and upregulation of hepatic inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were also observed from week 1. Plasma hepatic transaminase activities were increased at week 1, reached a peak at week 4, and gradually decreased thereafter. In parallel with increases in hepatic gene expression of collagen-I, the hepatic fibrosis area expanded after week 4 and massively spread all over the liver by week 8. Hepatocellular hyperplasia was observed from week 24. Hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma were observed from week 31 and 39, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggest that, in a rodent NASH model with the combination of genetic modification and dietary challenges, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatic injury, hepatic fibrosis, hepatocellular hyperplasia, adenoma, and carcinoma can be developed in a relatively short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Amano
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumi Shimizu
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasuno
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayako Harada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuntarou Tsuchiya
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Isono
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagabukuro
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tozawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
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38
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Ozawa T, Maehara N, Kai T, Arai S, Miyazaki T. Dietary fructose-induced hepatocellular carcinoma development manifested in mice lacking apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM). Genes Cells 2016; 21:1320-1332. [PMID: 27813205 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of fructose, including the use of high-fructose corn syrup as a sweetener, has increased continuously in recent decades. Although the involvement of fructose in the development of metabolic diseases has been emphasized recently, whether fructose intake increases susceptibility to steatosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Here, we investigated this issue using mice lacking a circulating protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM, encoded by cd5l). AIM does not induce carcinogenesis of hepatocytes, but provokes necrotic death specifically in AIM-bound cancer cells through complement cascade activation, thereby preventing HCC tumor development in wild-type mice. When subjected to a high-fructose diet (HFrD), AIM-deficient (AIM-/- ) mice showed liver steatosis and subsequent liver inflammation as well as fibrosis, but at much milder levels compared with mice fed a high-fat diet. However, AIM-/- mice were markedly susceptible to HCC tumor development, whereas no wild-type mice developed the disease. Systemic metabolic states, including obesity and insulin resistance, were similar in both types of mice after HFrD challenge, indicating no influence of AIM on HFrD-induced metabolic changes. Our results suggest that dietary fructose increases the risk for liver carcinogenesis and that individuals with low blood AIM levels may be susceptible to HCC under chronic fructose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ozawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Natsumi Maehara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Charrier A, Wang L, Stephenson EJ, Ghanta SV, Ko CW, Croniger CM, Bridges D, Buchner DA. Zinc finger protein 407 overexpression upregulates PPAR target gene expression and improves glucose homeostasis in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E869-E880. [PMID: 27624101 PMCID: PMC5130358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00234.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear receptors is central to the pathophysiology and treatment of metabolic disease through the receptors' ability to regulate the expression of genes involved in glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, and lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism by which PPAR is regulated remains incompletely understood. We generated a transgenic mouse strain (ZFP-TG) that overexpressed Zfp407 primarily in muscle and heart. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq identified 1,300 differentially expressed genes in the muscle of ZFP-TG mice, among which PPAR target genes were significantly enriched. Among the physiologically important PPARγ target genes, Glucose transporter (Glut)-4 mRNA and protein levels were increased in heart and muscle. The increase in Glut4 and other transcriptional effects of Zfp407 overexpression together decreased body weight and lowered plasma glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR scores relative to control littermates. When placed on high-fat diet, ZFP-TG mice remained more glucose tolerant than their wild-type counterparts. Cell-based assays demonstrated that Zfp407 synergistically increased the transcriptional activity of all PPAR subtypes, PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. The increased PPAR activity was not associated with increased PPAR mRNA or protein levels, suggesting that Zfp407 posttranslationally regulates PPAR activity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Zfp407 overexpression improved glucose homeostasis. Thus, Zfp407 represents a new drug target for treating metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Charrier
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Erin J Stephenson
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Siddharth V Ghanta
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Chih-Wei Ko
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Colleen M Croniger
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dave Bridges
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer and identify possible therapeutic targets of TCM to provide clues for the use of TCM for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment in the clinic and to find novel directions for new drug discovery for colorectal cancer. METHODS We used PubMed and Google to search for and collect scientific publications for a full evalu- ation of current evidence in the literature indicating the potential role of Chinese herbal medicines and their respective ingredients as effective candidates for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. RESULTS We extracted a detailed description of potential therapeutic Chinese herbal medicines and their constituent ingredients that target different mechanisms in colorectal cancer such as gene mutation, dysregulation of signaling pathways, metabolism disorders, and the inflammatory microenvironment, including both conventional and non-conventional approaches. CONCLUSION TCM may be a promising complementary and alternative therapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Doerner SK, Reis ES, Leung ES, Ko JS, Heaney JD, Berger NA, Lambris JD, Nadeau JH. High-Fat Diet-Induced Complement Activation Mediates Intestinal Inflammation and Neoplasia, Independent of Obesity. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:953-965. [PMID: 27535705 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disturbances are closely associated with pathologies that represent a significant burden to global health. Epidemiological and molecular evidence links obesity and metabolic status with inflammation and increased risk of cancer. Here, using a mouse model of intestinal neoplasia and strains that are susceptible or resistant to diet-induced obesity, it is demonstrated that high-fat diet-induced inflammation, rather than obesity or metabolic status, is associated with increased intestinal neoplasia. The complement fragment C5a acts as the trigger for inflammation and intestinal tumorigenesis. High-fat diet induces complement activation and generation of C5a, which in turn induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of proto-oncogenes. Pharmacological and genetic targeting of the C5a receptor reduced both inflammation and intestinal polyposis, suggesting the use of complement inhibitors for preventing diet-induced neoplasia. IMPLICATIONS This study characterizes the relations between diet and metabolic conditions on risk for a common cancer and identifies complement activation as a novel target for cancer prevention. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 953-65. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elaine S Leung
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Justine S Ko
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nathan A Berger
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph H Nadeau
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.
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Jin J, Valanejad L, Nguyen TP, Lewis K, Wright M, Cast A, Stock L, Timchenko L, Timchenko NA. Activation of CDK4 Triggers Development of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cell Rep 2016; 16:744-56. [PMID: 27373160 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multiple step process. Here, we show that activation of cdk4 triggers the development of NAFLD. We found that cdk4 protein levels are elevated in mouse models of NAFLD and in patients with fatty livers. This increase leads to C/EBPα phosphorylation on Ser193 and formation of C/EBPα-p300 complexes, resulting in hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The disruption of this pathway in cdk4-resistant C/EBPα-S193A mice dramatically reduces development of high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated NAFLD. In addition, inhibition of cdk4 by flavopiridol or PD-0332991 significantly reduces development of hepatic steatosis, the first step of NAFLD. Thus, this study reveals that activation of cdk4 triggers NAFLD and that inhibitors of cdk4 may be used for the prevention/treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Jin
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leila Valanejad
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue ML 7015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Thuy Phuong Nguyen
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue ML 7015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kyle Lewis
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue ML 7015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary Wright
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue ML 7015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ashley Cast
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue ML 7015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lauren Stock
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue ML 7015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lubov Timchenko
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue ML 7015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nikolai A Timchenko
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue ML 7015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Kishida N, Matsuda S, Itano O, Shinoda M, Kitago M, Yagi H, Abe Y, Hibi T, Masugi Y, Aiura K, Sakamoto M, Kitagawa Y. Development of a novel mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using a high-fat, choline-deficient diet and intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:61. [PMID: 27296438 PMCID: PMC4906823 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is increasing, and its clinicopathological features are well established. Several animal models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis have been developed to facilitate its study; however, few fully recapitulate all its clinical features, which include insulin resistance, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Moreover, these models require a relatively long time to produce hepatocellular carcinoma reliably. The aim of this study was to develop a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis that develops quickly and reflects all clinically relevant features. Methods Three-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed either a standard diet (MF) or a choline-deficient, high-fat diet (HFCD). The mice in the MF + diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and HFCD + DEN groups received a one-time intraperitoneal injection of DEN at the start of the respective feeding protocols. Results The mice in the HFCD and HFCD + DEN groups developed obesity early in the experiment and insulin resistance after 12 weeks. Triglyceride levels peaked at 8 weeks for all four groups and decreased thereafter. Alanine aminotransferase levels increased every 4 weeks, with the HFCD and HFCD + DEN groups showing remarkably high levels; the HFCD + DEN group presented the highest incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The levels of fibrosis and steatosis varied, but they tended to increase every 4 weeks in the HFCD and HFCD + DEN groups. Computed tomography scans indicated that all the HFCD + DEN mice developed hepatic tumors from 20 weeks, some of which were glutamine synthetase-positive. Conclusions The nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma model we describe here is simple to establish, results in rapid tumor formation, and recapitulates most of the key features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. It could therefore facilitate further studies of the development, oncogenic potential, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0477-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kishida
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sachiko Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Chugai Pharmaceutical Endowed Research Chair in Molecular Targeted Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Itano
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Shinoda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Aiura
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kawasaki-ku, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Shi L, Wang J, Wang Y, Feng Y. MDG-1, an Ophiopogon polysaccharide, alleviates hyperlipidemia in mice based on metabolic profile of bile acids. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 150:74-81. [PMID: 27312615 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a chronic metabolic disorder with systemic complications that is prevalent worldwide. MDG-1, a water-soluble β-d-fructan polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicas has potent hypolipidemic and weight-control effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MDG-1 on lipid metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice based on the metabolic profile of bile acids. C57BL/6 mice were treated with a low-fat diet, high-fat diet or high fat mixed with 1‰ (w/w) MDG-1 diet for 12 weeks. The results showed that MDG-1 inhibited body weight gain and lowered serum and liver total cholesterol contents in obese mice. In addition, MDG-1 could adsorb bile acids in the gut lumen and reduce their reabsorption, thus promoting cholesterol catabolism. Furthermore, MDG-1 inhibited the expression of the farnesoid X receptor, but activated the liver X receptor. Our findings shed new light on the mechanism of MDG-1 in the control of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Material Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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45
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Personalized therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Where are we now? Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 45:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Leung A, Trac C, Du J, Natarajan R, Schones DE. Persistent Chromatin Modifications Induced by High Fat Diet. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10446-55. [PMID: 27006400 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a highly heritable complex disease that results from the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Formerly obese individuals are susceptible to metabolic disorders later in life, even after lifestyle changes are made to mitigate the obese state. This is reminiscent of the metabolic memory phenomenon originally observed for persistent complications in diabetic patients, despite subsequent glycemic control. Epigenetic modifications represent a potential mediator of this observed memory. We previously demonstrated that a high fat diet leads to changes in chromatin accessibility in the mouse liver. The regions of greatest chromatin changes in accessibility are largely strain-dependent, indicating a genetic component in diet-induced chromatin alterations. We have now examined the persistence of diet-induced chromatin accessibility changes upon diet reversal in two strains of mice. We find that a substantial fraction of loci that undergo chromatin accessibility changes with a high fat diet remains in the remodeled state after diet reversal in C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, the vast majority of diet-induced chromatin accessibility changes in A/J mice are transient. Our data also indicate that the persistent chromatin accessibility changes observed in C57BL/6J mice are associated with specific transcription factors and histone post-translational modifications. The persistent loci identified here are likely to be contributing to the overall phenotype and are attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Leung
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, and
| | - Candi Trac
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, and
| | - Juan Du
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, and Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Rama Natarajan
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, and Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Dustin E Schones
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, and Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
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Devisscher L, Verhelst X, Colle I, Van Vlierberghe H, Geerts A. The role of macrophages in obesity-driven chronic liver disease. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:693-8. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ru0116-016r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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48
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Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Polesel J, Zucchetto A, Crispo A, Montella M, Franceschi S, Rossi M, La Vecchia C, Serraino D. Inflammatory potential of diet and risk for hepatocellular cancer in a case-control study from Italy. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:324-31. [PMID: 26556602 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and diet have been suggested to be important risk factors for hepatocellular cancer (HCC). This Italian multicentre hospital-based case-control study conducted between 1999 and 2002 and including 185 cases with incident, histologically confirmed HCC, and 404 controls hospitalised for acute non-neoplastic diseases provided an opportunity to investigate the association between HCC and the dietary inflammatory index (DII). The DII was computed on the basis of dietary intake assessed 2 years before the date of interview by a validated sixty-three-item FFQ. Logistic regression models were used to estimate OR adjusted for age, sex, study centre, education, BMI, smoking, physical activity, serum markers of hepatitis B and C infection and energy intake. Energy adjustment for DII was performed using the residual method. Participants in the highest tertile of DII scores (i.e. with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk for HCC (ORtertile 3 v, 1 2·43; 95 % CI 1·27, 4·68; P trend=0·03). When stratified by the presence or absence of hepatitis B/C infection and sex, DII was strongly associated with HCC in hepatitis B- and C-negative participants (ORtertile 3 v. 1 4·18; 95 % CI 1·53, 11·39; P trend=0·02) and among males (ORtertile 3 v. 1 3·60; 95 % CI 1·65, 7·87; P trend=0·001). These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk for HCC, in those without a history of hepatitis B/C infection and among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shivappa
- 1Cancer Prevention and Control Program,University of South Carolina,Columbia,SC 29208,USA
| | - James R Hébert
- 1Cancer Prevention and Control Program,University of South Carolina,Columbia,SC 29208,USA
| | - Jerry Polesel
- 3Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit,CRO Aviano,National Cancer Institute,33081 Aviano,Italy
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- 3Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit,CRO Aviano,National Cancer Institute,33081 Aviano,Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- 4Department of Epidemiology,'Fondazione G. Pascale',Istituto Nazionale Tumori,80133 Naples,Italy
| | - Maurizio Montella
- 4Department of Epidemiology,'Fondazione G. Pascale',Istituto Nazionale Tumori,80133 Naples,Italy
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- 5Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group,International Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon 69372,France
| | - Marta Rossi
- 6Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health,Università degli Studi di Milano,via G. Venezian 1,20133 Milan,Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- 6Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health,Università degli Studi di Milano,via G. Venezian 1,20133 Milan,Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- 3Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit,CRO Aviano,National Cancer Institute,33081 Aviano,Italy
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Arfianti E, Larter CZ, Lee S, Barn V, Haigh G, Yeh MM, Ioannou GN, Teoh NC, Farrell GC. Obesity and diabetes accelerate hepatocarcinogenesis via hepatocyte proliferation independent of NF-κB or Akt/mTORC1. J Clin Transl Res 2016; 2:26-37. [PMID: 30873458 PMCID: PMC6410642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are strong links between obesity, diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but molecular mechanisms remain unclear. AIM We tested the proposed involvement of NF-κB, IL-6/STAT3 and Akt/mTORC1 before onset (at 3 months) and at onset (6 months) of accelerated hepatocarcinogenesis in DEN-injected obese and diabetic foz/foz compared to lean wildtype (Wt) mice, and also studied the hepatocyte proliferative response to DNA damage between the obese and lean lines. METHODS Male foz/foz and Wt littermates fed normal chow were DEN-injected (10mg/kg i.p.) at age 12-15 days. To test the effect of mTOR inhibitor on growth of dysplastic hepatocytes, a separate cohort of DEN-injected foz/foz mice was administered rapamycin (4 mg/kg body weight/day). RESULTS foz/foz mice developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes, adipokine dysregulation and fatty liver, without increased serum or liver TNF-α or serum IL-6. All DEN-injected foz/foz mice developed HCC by 6 mths vs. 0/10 lean Wt. At 3 mths, there were more dysplastic hepatocytes in DEN-injected foz/foz than Wt, with increased liver injury (serum ALT), hepatocyte apoptosis (M30-positive cells) and proliferation (cyclin D1, cyclin E, PCNA), but neither NF-κB nor STAT3 activation. foz/foz livers exhibited upregulation of DNA damage sensors ATM and ATR, with inadequate cell cycle checkpoint controls (CHK1, CHK2, p53, p21). Akt and mTORC1 were highly activated in livers from foz/foz vs. Wt mice. Despite such activation, rapamycin failed to reduce growth of dysplastic hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Accelerated DEN-induced HCC in obese/diabetic mice is linked to enhanced growth of dysplastic hepatocytes that cannot be attributed to NF-κB or IL-6/STAT3 activation, nor to sustained mTORC1 activation. The critical mechanism for obesity-enhanced hepatocarcinogenesis lies in the disconnection between hepatocellular injury with DNA damage, and an unrestrained proliferative response. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS This study supports the epidemiological data linking obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease with increased risk for developing HCC. The findings also suggest that mTORC1 inhibition may not be beneficial in the prevention of obesity-related hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Arfianti
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Claire Z Larter
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Seungsoo Lee
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Vanessa Barn
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Haigh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Matthew M. Yeh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - George N. Ioannou
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Narci C. Teoh
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Geoffrey C. Farrell
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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50
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Tessitore A, Cicciarelli G, Del Vecchio F, Gaggiano A, Verzella D, Fischietti M, Mastroiaco V, Vetuschi A, Sferra R, Barnabei R, Capece D, Zazzeroni F, Alesse E. MicroRNA expression analysis in high fat diet-induced NAFLD-NASH-HCC progression: study on C57BL/6J mice. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:3. [PMID: 26728044 PMCID: PMC4700747 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-2007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a frequent chronic liver disorder in developed countries. NAFLD can progress through the more severe non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and, lastly, HCC. Genetic and epigenetic alterations of coding genes as well as deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) activity play a role in HCC development. In this study, the C57BL/6J mouse model was long term high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet fed, in order to analyze molecular mechanisms responsible for the hepatic damage progression. Methods Mice were HF or LF diet fed for different time points, then plasma and hepatic tissues were collected. Histological and clinical chemistry assays were performed to assess the progression of liver disease. MicroRNAs’ differential expression was evaluated on pooled RNAs from tissues, and some miRNAs showing dysregulation were further analyzed at the individual level. Results Cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins, triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase increase was detected in HF mice. Gross anatomical examination revealed hepatomegaly in HF livers, and histological analysis highlighted different degrees and levels of steatosis, inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis in HF and LF animals, demonstrating the progression from NAFLD through NASH. Macroscopic nodules, showing typical neoplastic features, were observed in 20 % of HF diet fed mice. Fifteen miRNAs differentially expressed in HF with respect to LF hepatic tissues during the progression of liver damage, and in tumors with respect to HF non tumor liver specimens were identified. Among them, miR-340-5p, miR-484, miR-574-3p, miR-720, whose expression was never described in NAFLD, NASH and HCC tissues, and miR-125a-5p and miR-182, which showed early and significant dysregulation in the sequential hepatic damage process. Conclusions In this study, fifteen microRNAs which were modulated in hepatic tissues and in tumors during the transition NAFLD-NASH-HCC are reported. Besides some already described, new and early dysregulated miRNAs were identified. Functional analyses are needed to validate the results here obtained, and to better define the role of these molecules in the progression of the hepatic disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-2007-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Germana Cicciarelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Filippo Del Vecchio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Agata Gaggiano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Mariafausta Fischietti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Valentina Mastroiaco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Remo Barnabei
- S. Salvatore Hospital, Unit of Laboratory Medicine, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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