1
|
Jamwal S, Tyagi N, Kumar J, Kaushik JK, Kumar S, Mohanty AK. Simple method for isolation and culture of primary buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) endometrial epithelial cells (pBuEECs) and its characterization using high throughput proteomics approach. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 263:107449. [PMID: 38490065 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Early embryonic mortality resulting from insufficient interaction between the embryo and the uterus leads to the failure of pregnancy in livestock animals. Thus, it is imperative to comprehend the multifaceted process of implantation at molecular levels, which requires synchronized feto-maternal interaction. The in-vitro models serve as valuable tools to investigate the specific stages of implantation. The present study was undertaken to develop a simple method to isolate and culture the primary buffalo endometrial epithelial cells (pBuEECs), followed by proteome profiling of the proliferating cells. Collagenase I was used to separate uterine epithelial cells (UECs) from the ipsilateral uterine horn, and then the cells were separated using a cell strainer. After being seeded on culture plates, UECs developed colonies with characteristic epithelial shape and expressed important markers such as cytokeratin 18 (KRT18), progesterone receptor (PGR), β-estrogen receptor (ESR1), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which were confirmed by PCR. The purity of epithelial cells was assessed using cytokeratin 18 immunostaining, which indicated approximately 99% purity in cultured cells. The proteome profiling of pBuEECs via high-throughput tandem mass spectrometry (MS), identified a total of 3383 proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed enrichment in various biological processes, including cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, localization, signaling, and developmental processes. Moreover, the KEGG pathway analysis highlighted associations with the ribosome, proteosome, oxidative phosphorylation, spliceosome, and cytoskeleton regulation pathways. In conclusion, these well characterized cells offer valuable in-vitro model to enhance the understanding of implantation and uterine pathophysiology in livestock animals, particularly buffaloes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Jamwal
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Nikunj Tyagi
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Jaideep Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Jai Kumar Kaushik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliver MA, Peterson KD, Bhandari S, Payton RR, Edwards JL, Mathew DJ. Progesterone-stimulated endometrial cell conditioned media increases in vitro produced bovine embryo blastocyst formation. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 254:107264. [PMID: 37285656 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The early bovine embryo is supported by histotroph molecules secreted by endometrial epithelial (EPI) and stroma fibroblast (SF) cells in response to luteal progesterone (P4). We hypothesized that specific histotroph molecule transcript abundance depends on cell type and P4 concentration and that endometrial cell conditioned media (CM) could improve in vitro produced (IVP) embryo development in culture. Primary bovine EPI and SF cells from seven uteri were incubated for 12 h with RPMI medium containing 0 (Control), 1, 15, or 50 ng of P4. RPMI was also incubated without cells (N-CM) and CM from EPI or SF cultures (EPI- or SF-CM) or a combination of the two (1:1; EPI/SF-CM) was used to culture IVP embryos from days 4-8 of development (n = 117). There was an effect of cell type (SLC1A1, SLC5A6, SLC7A1, FGF-2, FGF-7, CTGF, PRSS23 and NID2) and/or P4 concentration (FGF-7 and NID2) on endometrial cell histotroph molecule mRNA (P < 0.05). Compared to N-CM, blastocyst development on day 7 was greater in the EPI or SF-CM (P ≤ 0.05) and tended to be greater in the EPI/SF-CM (P = 0.07). On day 8, blastocyst development was greater only in the EPI-CM (P < 0.05). Further, culturing embryos with endometrial cell CM reduced day 8 blastocyst transcript abundance of cell adhesion molecule LGALS1 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, endometrial cell CM or histotroph molecules may be used to improve IVP embryo development in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Oliver
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Katie D Peterson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Sadikshya Bhandari
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel J Mathew
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai R, Kusama K, Matsuno Y, Bai H, Sakurai T, Kimura K, Imakawa K. Expression of NFIL3 and CEBPA regulated by IFNT induced-PGE2 in bovine endometrial stromal cells during the pre-implantation period. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1075030. [PMID: 36923228 PMCID: PMC10010167 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1075030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is considered as a luteoprotective factor, influencing the corpus luteum during the early pregnant period in the bovine species. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is activated in response to PGE2 and plays a role in many physiological processes. The maternal recognition signal, interferon τ (IFNT), induces PGE2 secretion from the endometrial epithelial cells, the function of which in stroma cells has not been completely understood. In this study, PGE2 was found to activate cAMP in the bovine endometrial stromal cells (STRs). STRs were then treated with forskolin to activate the cAMP signaling, from which RNA extracted was subjected to global expression analysis. Transcripts related to transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding of molecular function, nucleus of cellular component, and mitotic spindle organization of biological processes were up-regulated in cAMP-activated bovine STRs. An increase in the transcription factors, NFIL3, CEBPA, and HIF1A via the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway in the bovine STRs was also found by qPCR. Knockdown of NFIL3, CEBPA, or HIF1A blocked forskolin-induced PTGS1/2 and IGFBP1/3 expression. Moreover, NFIL3 and CEBPA were localized in endometrial stroma on pregnant day 17 (day 0 = estrous cycle), but not on cyclic day 17. These observations indicated that uterine PGE2 induced by conceptus IFNT is involved in the early pregnancy-related gene expression in endometrial stromal cells, which could facilitate pregnancy establishment in the bovine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuya Kusama,
| | - Yuta Matsuno
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Hanako Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Koji Kimura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
An in vitro comparison of antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxicity between povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine for treating clinical endometritis in dairy cows. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271274. [PMID: 35802692 PMCID: PMC9269917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the in vitro antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and povidone-iodine (PI) on clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) from the vaginal discharge of dairy cows, as well as to compare the cytotoxicity effects of CHX and PI on bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEnEpC). In Experiment 1, 12 E. coli and 10 T. pyogenes were isolated from the vaginal discharge of cows with a uterine infection. The MIC and MBC against CHX and PI were analyzed in vitro. In Experiment 2, the cytotoxicity effects of CHX and PI on BEnEpC were analyzed using a Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit, wound scratch healing assay, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α). In Experiment 1, the MIC and MBC values of CHX against E. coli were 0.0002% and 0.0002 to 0.00025%, respectively. The MIC and MBC values of PI were 1.25 to 2.5% and 1.25 to 5%, respectively. For T. pyogenes, the MIC and MBC values of CHX were 0.00002%. The MIC and MBC values of PI were 1.25%. In Experiment 2, the cell viability significantly decreased, and wound closures were significantly inhibited after treatment with ≥ 0.002% CHX and ≥ 0.025% PI. The expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α significantly increased after treatment with PI. Only IL-6 showed a significant increase after cells were treated with 0.00002% and 0.0002% CHX. The results suggested that both CHX and PI had high antibacterial effects. However, veterinarians and farmers should be aware of their cytotoxicity, which decrease viability of endometrial epithelial cells and inhibit wound healing in vitro.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferdousy RN, Kadokawa H. Anti-Müllerian hormone stimulates expression of the collagen-specific chaperone 47-kDa heat shock protein in bovine uterine epithelial cells. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13787. [PMID: 36507591 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uterine collagen is the most abundant component of the uterine extracellular matrix and plays a critical role in pregnancy. The 47-kDa heat shock protein (HSP47) is the sole collagen-specific molecular chaperone. We investigated the mechanisms regulating the expression of HSP47 in the uterus by assessing the effect of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) stimulation on HSP47 expression in cultured bovine uterine epithelial cells. AMH receptor type 2 (AMHR2), AMH, and HSP47 expression was assessed by fluorescence immunocytochemistry in uterine epithelial layers of the uteri of Japanese Black cows. The effect of AMH on HSP47 expression was assessed in cultured epithelial cells. The effect of MEK/ERK inhibitor on AMH-induced HSP47 expression was also assessed. We confirmed the expression of AMHR2, AMH, and HSP47 in the uterine epithelial layers. We confirmed the expression of AMHR2, AMH, HSP47, and type IV collagen in cultured uterine epithelial cells. AMH treatment at 10 or 100 ng/ml promoted significant HSP47 expression (p < 0.05). MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 pretreatment suppressed such AMH stimulation on HSP47. These findings indicate that AMH induced HSP47 protein expression through the ERK pathway in bovine uterine epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroya Kadokawa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The bovine endometrial epithelial cells promote the differentiation of trophoblast stem-like cells to binucleate trophoblast cells. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2687-2698. [PMID: 27473847 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) cultured in vitro are valuable tools for investigating embryo implantation and trophoblast differentiation. In this study, we have established the bovine EECs and trophoblast stem-like (TS) coculture system, and used it to investigate the binucleate cell formation of ungulates. The EECs was derived from the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum by using collagenase I and deoxyribonuclease I, which exhibited typical epithelial morphology and were expressing bovine uterine epithelial marker such as IFNAR1, IFNAR2, Erα, PGR, ESR1 and KRT18. The cells immunostained positively by epithelial and trophectoderm marker cytokeratin 18 (KRT18) and stromal marker vimentin antibodies, and the KRT18 positive cells reached 99 %. The EECs can be cultured for up to 20 passages in vitro with no significant morphology changes and uterine epithelial marker gene expression alteration. The bTS cells were established in a dual inhibitor system and exhibited typical trophoblast stem cell characteristics. When bTS cells were cultured with EECs, the bTS cells adhered to the EECs as adhering to feeder cells. Binucleate cells began appearing on day 4 of coculture and reached approximately 18.47 % of the differentiated cells. Quantitative real-time PCR or immunofluorescence analyses were performed on bTS cells cocultured at day 6 and day 12. The results showed that the expression level of KRT18 was down-regulated while the expression level of trophoblast differentiation marker MASH2, HAND1, GCM1 and CDX2 was up-regulated in bTS cells. In conclusion, bovine EECs can be obtained from the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum via treatment with collagenase I and deoxyribonuclease I, and the EECs-bTS cells coculture system presents an ideal tool for studying the differentiation of bTS cells to trophoblast binucleate cells.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gómez E, Muñoz M. Multiple-embryo transfer for studying very early maternal-embryo interactions in cattle. Reproduction 2015; 150:R35-43. [PMID: 25918434 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, we highlight the need to study very early maternal-embryo interactions and discuss how these interactions can be addressed. Bovine species normally carry one or, less frequently, two embryos to term; there are very rare cases of triplets or higher-order multiple pregnancies in which all the offspring are born alive. Multiple-embryo transfer (MET) in cattle allows for the detection of endometrial responses in scenarios where single-embryo transfer would not. Although MET is non-physiological, the present study shows that at the very early embryonic stages, a uterus carrying zona-enclosed embryos does not exhibit non-physiological reactions. On the contrary, MET should be considered the sum of multiple individual effects triggered by developing embryos. We provide arguments to support our hypothesis that describe a rationale for current work with MET, and we discuss alternative hypotheses. Using cattle as a model, we describe how technical approaches to analyzing zona-enclosed early embryo-maternal interactions (i.e., transcriptomics, proteomics, and endometrial cell culture) can help identify molecular changes that may be difficult to observe when only a single embryo is present. We conclude that MET can be used for studying very early maternal-embryo interactions in vivo in monotocous species. Free Spanish abstract: A Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/150/2/R35/suppl/DC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Gómez
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal - SERIDACamino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla - Deva, 33394 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Muñoz
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal - SERIDACamino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla - Deva, 33394 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sodium houttuyfonate inhibits inflammation by blocking the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:245-51. [PMID: 25935757 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium houttuyfonate (SH) has traditionally been used for the therapy of inflammatory diseases. In this research, we tried to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of SH on LPS-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cell (bEEC) inflammation. SH cell toxicity was measured using the MTT and LDH assays, and inflammatory cytokine expression was assessed by ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blotting. We demonstrated that SH was not cytotoxic to bEECs, and that it significantly decreased the LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. Furthermore, in LPS-induced bEECs, SH inhibited IκBα degradation and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and suppressed the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In conclusion, we found that SH could effectively block the NF-κB-mediated signaling pathway and reduce the inflammatory process, thereby exerting a protective effect on bEECs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mamrut S, Harony H, Sood R, Shahar-Gold H, Gainer H, Shi YJ, Barki-Harrington L, Wagner S. DNA methylation of specific CpG sites in the promoter region regulates the transcription of the mouse oxytocin receptor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56869. [PMID: 23441222 PMCID: PMC3575498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a peptide hormone, well known for its role in labor and suckling, and most recently for its involvement in mammalian social behavior. All central and peripheral actions of oxytocin are mediated through the oxytocin receptor, which is the product of a single gene. Transcription of the oxytocin receptor is subject to regulation by gonadal steroid hormones, and is profoundly elevated in the uterus and mammary glands during parturition. DNA methylation is a major epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene transcription, and has been linked to reduced expression of the oxytocin receptor in individuals with autism. Here, we hypothesized that transcription of the mouse oxytocin receptor is regulated by DNA methylation of specific sites in its promoter, in a tissue-specific manner. Hypothalamus-derived GT1-7, and mammary-derived 4T1 murine cell lines displayed negative correlations between oxytocin receptor transcription and methylation of the gene promoter, and demethylation caused a significant enhancement of oxytocin receptor transcription in 4T1 cells. Using a reporter gene assay, we showed that methylation of specific sites in the gene promoter, including an estrogen response element, significantly inhibits transcription. Furthermore, methylation of the oxytocin receptor promoter was found to be differentially correlated with oxytocin receptor expression in mammary glands and the uterus of virgin and post-partum mice, suggesting that it plays a distinct role in oxytocin receptor transcription among tissues and under different physiological conditions. Together, these results support the hypothesis that the expression of the mouse oxytocin receptor gene is epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation of its promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimrat Mamrut
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hala Harony
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rapita Sood
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Harold Gainer
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Shlomo Wagner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
MacKintosh SB, Schuberth HJ, Healy LL, Sheldon IM. Polarised bovine endometrial epithelial cells vectorially secrete prostaglandins and chemotactic factors under physiological and pathological conditions. Reproduction 2013; 145:57-72. [PMID: 23115348 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells of the endometrium secrete prostaglandins to regulate the bovine oestrous cycle and form a functional barrier to microbes. However, bacterial infection of the endometrium commonly causes infertility in dairy cattle by disrupting endometrial physiology. Epithelial cell cultures are used to study the mechanisms of physiology and pathology, but 2D cultures may not reflect the 3D complexity of the epithelium. In this study, a polarised epithelial cell transwell culture was developed, using transepithelial resistance (TER), to monitor epithelial integrity. Polarised epithelial cells were treated with oxytocin and arachidonic acid to test physiological function and with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic bacterial infection. Supernatants were analysed for prostaglandin E(2) (PGE), prostaglandin F(2)(α), the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL8) and the ability of supernatants to induce neutrophil migration. Confluent epithelial cells established polarity when TER was >1800 Ω cm(2) and predominantly released prostaglandins basolaterally. In contrast, IL8 from epithelial cells accumulated apically and the supernatants were highly chemotactic for neutrophils. The striking exception was when the epithelial cells were treated with LPS in the apical or basolateral compartment independently, which led to the release of IL8 towards the treated compartment. Although stromal cells also accumulated PGE and IL8 in response to treatment, co-culture of stromal cells in the well below polarised epithelial cells did not influence cellular responses. In conclusion, polarised endometrial epithelial cells vectorially released prostaglandins and chemokines to reflect their respective mechanistic roles in physiology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siân B MacKintosh
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Szóstek A, Siemieniuch M, Galvão A, Lukasik K, Zieba D, Ferreira-Dias G, Skarzynski D. Effects of cell storage and passage on basal and oxytocin-regulated prostaglandin secretion by equine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1698-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
12
|
Matsunaga S, Osawa T, Geshi M, Takahashi H, Inumaru S, Yokomizo Y, Miyake YI. Effect of a single intrauterine administration of recombinant bovine interferon-τ on day 7 of the estrous cycle on the luteal phase length and blood profile in dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2011; 93:381-5. [PMID: 21652051 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the effect of recombinant bovine interferon-tau (rboIFN-τ) on the length of estrous cycle, luteal lifespan and side effects of rboIFN-τ in the cow. A normal estrous cycle in six non-lactating cycling Holstein cows was observed (non-treated cycle), and either 2.0 mg of liposomalized rboIFN-τ (treated cycle) or bovine serum albumin (BSA; placebo cycle) was infused in the uterus on day 7 of the estrous cycle (day 0=day of ovulation). Rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were recorded and blood samples were collected before and after the treatments. The length of the estrous cycle and corpus luteum lifespan in rboIFN-τ treated cycles were not significantly different from those of the non-treated and placebo cycles. In contrast, the rboIFN-τ treatment caused a transient increase in rectal temperature and a decrease in the number of peripheral lymphocytes and neutrophils after the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vrachnis N, Malamas FM, Sifakis S, Deligeoroglou E, Iliodromiti Z. The oxytocin-oxytocin receptor system and its antagonists as tocolytic agents. Int J Endocrinol 2011; 2011:350546. [PMID: 22190926 PMCID: PMC3235456 DOI: 10.1155/2011/350546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin, a hormone involved in numerous physiologic processes, plays a central role in the mechanisms of parturition and lactation. It acts through its receptor, which belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, while Gq/phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (InsP3) is the main pathway via which it exerts its action in the myometrium. Changes in receptor levels, receptor desensitization, and locally produced oxytocin are factors that influence the effect of oxytocin on uterine contractility in labor. Activation of oxytocin receptor causes myometrial contractions by increasing intracellular Ca(+2) and production of prostaglandins. Since oxytocin induces contractions, the inhibition of its action has been a target in the management of preterm labor. Atosiban is today the only oxytocin receptor antagonist that is available as a tocolytic. However, the quest for oxytocin receptor antagonists with a better pharmacological profile has led to the synthesis of peptide and nonpeptide molecules such as barusiban, retosiban, L-368,899, and SSR-126768A. Many of these oxytocin receptor antagonists are used only as pharmacological tools, while others have tocolytic action. In this paper, we summarize the action of oxytocin and its receptor and we present an overview of the clinical and experimental data of oxytocin antagonists and their tocolytic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Vrachnis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11526 Athens, Greece
- *Nikolaos Vrachnis:
| | - Fotodotis M. Malamas
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Sifakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Efthymios Deligeoroglou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Zoe Iliodromiti
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11526 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Krishnaswamy N, Danyod G, Chapdelaine P, Fortier MA. Oxytocin receptor down-regulation is not necessary for reducing oxytocin-induced prostaglandin F(2alpha) accumulation by interferon-tau in a bovine endometrial epithelial cell line. Endocrinology 2009; 150:897-905. [PMID: 18832100 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-tau (IFNtau) is the embryonic signal responsible for pregnancy recognition in ruminants. The primary action of IFNtau is believed to be mediated through inhibition of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) released from the endometrial epithelial cells in response to oxytocin (OT). Our working hypothesis was that the antiluteolytic effect of IFNtau also involved modulation of PG production downstream of OT receptor (OTR) and/or cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). There is currently no OT-sensitive endometrial cell line to study the molecular mechanisms underlying our hypotheses. Therefore, we established an immortalized bovine endometrial epithelial cell line (bEEL) exhibiting OT response. These cells were cytokeratin positive, expressed steroid receptors, and exhibited preferential accumulation of PGF(2alpha) over PGE(2). The bEEL cells were highly sensitive to OT, showing time- and concentration-dependent increase in COX2 transcript and protein and PGF(2alpha) accumulation. Interestingly, IFNtau (20 ng/ml) significantly reduced OT-induced PGF(2alpha) accumulation, but surprisingly, the effect was not mediated through down-regulation of either OTR or COX2. Rather, IFNtau up-regulated COX2 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner while decreasing OT-induced PG accumulation. This suggests that COX2 is not a primary target for the antiluteolytic effect of IFNtau. Because IFNtau reduced OT-stimulated PGF(2alpha) accumulation within 3 h, the mechanism likely involves a direct interference at the level of the OT signaling or transcription in addition to the down-regulation of OTR observed in vivo. In summary, bEEL cells offer a unique in vitro model for investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying OT and IFNtau response in relation with luteolysis and recognition of pregnancy in the bovine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Krishnaswamy
- Unité d'Ontogénie et Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, and Département d'Obstétrique et Gynécologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ndiaye K, Poole DH, Pate JL. Expression and regulation of functional oxytocin receptors in bovine T lymphocytes. Biol Reprod 2007; 78:786-93. [PMID: 18094352 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.065938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) produces oxytocin (OXT), which has been proposed to regulate the pulsatile release of prostaglandin F2alpha during luteolysis in ruminants. This action of OXT is mediated via oxytocin receptors (OXTRs) present on uterine epithelial cells. It is hypothesized that luteal OXT acts as a paracrine regulator of resident immune cells. In the present study, OXTR mRNA expression in bovine lymphocytes was analyzed, as well as its regulation during the estrous cycle. OXTR transcripts were observed in freshly purified bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T lymphocytes. OXTR mRNA in bovine lymphocytes on Day 3 was numerically greater than but not significantly different from that of Day 19 of the estrous cycle (P=0.091). In cultured T cells, estradiol (E2) treatment significantly increased the steady-state concentrations of OXTR mRNA, but the stimulatory effect of E2 was inhibited by the addition of progesterone (P4). Each of the major T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and gamma delta+) expressed OXTR mRNA, with no significant difference in expression among them. Western blot analyses demonstrated the presence of the bovine OXTR protein at about 45 kDa in lymphocytes, as well as expression of the 14-kDa precursor of OXT. When lymphocytes were treated with OXT, intracellular concentrations of calcium ([Ca2+]i) were rapidly and dramatically increased. This study demonstrated that bovine lymphocytes express OXTRs and that this expression can be regulated in a steroid-dependent manner. Furthermore, OXT elicited a functional [Ca2+]i response in T lymphocytes, supporting the possibility that OXT within the CL could act as a paracrine or autocrine regulator of resident T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalidou Ndiaye
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bridger P, Menge C, Leiser R, Tinneberg HR, Pfarrer C. Bovine caruncular epithelial cell line (BCEC-1) isolated from the placenta forms a functional epithelial barrier in a polarised cell culture model. Placenta 2007; 28:1110-7. [PMID: 17850864 PMCID: PMC7112451 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the bovine synepitheliochorial placenta key sites of fetal-maternal interaction are placentomes consisting of maternal caruncles interdigitating with fetal cotyledons. The aim of this study was to establish an epithelial cell line from caruncles of pregnant cows and to develop a model to study restricted trophoblast invasion, pathogenesis of pregnancy associated diseases and pathways of infection and transport. Primary epithelial cells were isolated, successfully subcultured for 32 passages and cryopreserved at various stages. The cultures were termed bovine caruncular epithelial cell line-1 (BCEC-1). Cytokeratin, zonula occludens-1 protein and vimentin but neither alpha-smooth muscle actin nor desmin were detected by immunofluorescence performed every 5 (+/-1) passages. These results were confirmed by Western blotting. BCEC-1 were then cultured either without matrix or on fibronectin or collagen coated Transwell polyester membrane inserts, respectively, enabling separate access to the basal or apical epithelial compartments. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of BCEC-1 revealed ultrastructural features also observed in vivo, such as apical microvilli and junctional complexes. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured regularly and revealed an increase with advancing confluence in all cultures. Cultures on coated inserts reached confluence and corresponding TEER-levels at an earlier stage. In addition, the cells were tested negative for bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) virus, but were permissive for the virus. In conclusion, the BCEC-1 cell line retained characteristics of maternal caruncular epithelial cells as observed in vivo and in primary cell cultures and thus will be a highly useful tool for future studies of pathways of invasion, fetal-maternal communication, transport and infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P.S. Bridger
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 98, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - C. Menge
- Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 85-89, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - R. Leiser
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 98, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - H.-R. Tinneberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 32, D-35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - C.D. Pfarrer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 32, D-35385 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bridger PS, Haupt S, Klisch K, Leiser R, Tinneberg HR, Pfarrer C. Validation of primary epitheloid cell cultures isolated from bovine placental caruncles and cotyledons. Theriogenology 2007; 68:592-603. [PMID: 17580088 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to study feto-maternal interactions in the bovine synepitheliochorial placenta primary cell cultures of both placentomal components throughout pregnancy, namely caruncular epithelial cells and trophoblast cells were developed. The aim of this study was to validate and improve a method to culture caruncular epithelial cells and fetal trophoblast from manually separated placentomes. Prior to seeding the presence of fetal cells in caruncular samples and vice-versa could be demonstrated by the detection of the Y-chromosome via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) provided the fetus was male. Epitheloid shaped cells present in both cultures (cotyledon and caruncle) were characterized on a morphological basis as well as by immunofluorescence and Western blot thereby detecting cytokeratin, zonula occludens-1 and vimentin but not alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin. The absence of the Y-chromosome demonstrated the caruncular origin of epitheloid cells. In addition, a population of polygonally shaped cells derived from the cotyledon was propagated and displayed the same cytoskeletal characteristics as described above. The presence of the Y-chromosome confirmed the fetal origin of these cells and the lacking uptake of fluorescence conjugated low density lipoprotein, specific for endothelial cells, identified polygonally shaped cells as fetal trophoblast cells. In conclusion, the cross-contamination of maternal and fetal cells in manually separated placentomes should be considered in future experiments as it may lead to false positive results dependent on the sensitivity of the method applied. This study highlights the importance of an appropriate cell characterization and identification, especially when isolating primary cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Bridger
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str 98, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Terzidou V. Preterm labour. Biochemical and endocrinological preparation for parturition. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 21:729-56. [PMID: 17616441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Preterm delivery is a common obstetric problem occurring in about 1 in 10 of all births. Preterm babies have a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Such births account for 75% of all major neonatal problems. At the other end of the spectrum, prolonged pregnancy is also a subject of concern because it too is associated with increased fetal morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms that control the length of human pregnancy and signal the onset of labour have not been fully determined. This chapter will discuss basic principles in the biology of parturition and the regulation of contraction-associated proteins including the oxytocin receptor. The major pathways regulating contractions and the transcriptional regulation of the main genes that are known to be involved in the onset of labour and parturition will be examined. Some new potentially therapeutic strategies for the biochemical management of preterm labour will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Terzidou
- Parturition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Beretsos P, Loutradis D, Koussoulakos S, Margaritis LH, Kiapekou E, Mastorakos G, Papaspirou I, Makris N, Makrigiannakis A, Antsaklis A. Oxytocin Receptor Is Differentially Expressed in Mouse Endometrium and Embryo during Blastocyst Implantation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1092:466-79. [PMID: 17308174 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1365.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The oxytocin (OT)-oxytocin receptor (OTR) system of the mammalian uterus has mainly been studied in relation to its involvement in the onset of labor. The aim of this study was to elucidate the in vivo expression and localization pattern of OTR in the mouse endometrium and embryo during implantation, as well as OTR mRNA expression in the in vitro developing mouse embryo. The expression of OTR or OT was detected immunohistochemically in uterine tissue sections of 5- to 8-week-old female mice between days 4 and 10 of an established pregnancy. In addition, the expression of OTR mRNA was detected by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in mouse oocytes and embryos up to the blastocyst stage. The mean ratios of normalized expression levels of OTR gene in all samples were also calculated. The recorded increase in OTR mRNA immediately after fertilization could mean a possible role of OT in this process, as OTR mRNA gradually decreased after the four-cell stage of pre-embryonic development. The differential expression of OTR during embryonic apposition and embryonic invasion/placentation in the mouse uterus suggests a potential role of OT in the implantation process of the mouse. It is possible that the interaction of OTR with the hormones included in the ovulation induction regiments utilized today in in vitro fertilization (IVF) could be affecting the receptivity/quality of the implanting endometrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Beretsos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Medicine, Athens University Medical School, 50 Achaias St., 115 23, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Goff AK, Jamshidi AA, Kombé A. Inhibition of prostaglandin F2alpha synthesis and oxytocin receptor by progesterone antagonists in bovine endometrial cells in vitro. Steroids 2006; 71:785-91. [PMID: 16797624 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression is suppressed by progesterone (P4) during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and then it increases at the time of luteolysis, but its regulation is still not completely understood. In vitro studies to determine the mechanism of action are hindered because OTR spontaneously upregulates in vitro and it is impossible to alter expression with P4 or estradiol. During recent studies examining the effect of P4 and an antagonist (mifepristone) on PG secretion, we found that mifepristone attenuated OT-stimulated PG secretion from endometrial epithelial cells. The objective of the present study was to determine, whether this effect of mifepristone was due to changes in prostaglandin synthesis and/or OTR. A time-course showed that mifepristone (5 microM) had no significant effect after 24 h but by 72 h it decreased PGF(2alpha) secretion (P<0.01) and abolished the response of the cells to OT (P<0.01). The presence or absence of P4 did not affect the response to mifepristone. To determine the site of action of mifepristone, cells were cultured for 72 h with or without mifepristone and then COX-1 and COX-2 were measured by Western blotting and OTR was measured by saturation analysis. The results showed that mifepristone did not affect basal or PMA-stimulated expression of either COX-1 or COX-2 but did, however, decrease OTR number (P<0.05). These data demonstrate that OTR and the response to OT can be downregulated in endometrial epithelial cells in vitro via a mechanism involving the P4 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan K Goff
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Whittington K, Assinder S, Gould M, Nicholson H. Oxytocin, oxytocin-associated neurophysin and the oxytocin receptor in the human prostate. Cell Tissue Res 2004; 318:375-82. [PMID: 15459766 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-004-0968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin has been implicated in the regulation of prostate growth. However, the cellular localisation of oxytocin in the normal and diseased human prostate is not known. Oxytocin, oxytocin-associated neurophysin and oxytocin receptor were detected by immunohistochemistry in tissues from patients undergoing routine prostatectomy and in normal human prostate epithelial and stromal cell lines. Western blot analysis detected a single band at 14 kDa with neurophysin antiserum and a 66-kDa band with oxytocin receptor antiserum in epithelial and stromal cell lines. Similar sized bands were also detected in extracts of hyperplastic and adenocarcinomic prostate tissues. Oxytocin, oxytocin-associated neurophysin and oxytocin receptor were present in stromal and epithelial cell lines and in tissue from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The peptides were localised predominantly to the epithelial cells, although discrete areas of stromal staining were also observed. There was a significant difference in the intensity of oxytocin-staining between tissue displaying benign prostatic hyperplasia and invasive carcinoma, with less immunoreactivity being present in the malignant epithelial cells. Thus, oxytocin and its neurophysin and receptor are present in epithelial and stromal cells of the human prostate. Oxytocin expression is reduced with tumour progression and may provide a marker for invasive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Whittington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Bristol, Southwell Street, Bristol, BS2 8EJ, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goff AK. Steroid hormone modulation of prostaglandin secretion in the ruminant endometrium during the estrous cycle. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:11-6. [PMID: 14973258 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.025890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins, produced from membrane phospholipids by the action of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase, and specific prostaglandin synthases, are important regulators of ovulation, luteolysis, implantation, and parturition in reproductive tissues. Destruction of the corpus luteum at the end of the estrous cycle in nonpregnant animals is brought about by the pulsatile secretion of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) from the endometrium. It has been known for many years that progesterone, estradiol, and oxytocin are the hormones responsible for luteolysis. To achieve luteolysis, two independent processes have to be coordinated; the first is an increase in the prostaglandin synthetic capability of the endometrium and the second is an increase in oxytocin receptor number. Although progesterone and estradiol can modulate the expression of the enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, the primary reason for the initiation of luteolysis is the increase in oxytocin receptor on the endometrial epithelial cells. Results of many in vivo studies have shown that progesterone and estradiol are required for luteolysis, but it is still not fully understood exactly how these steroid hormones act. The purpose of this article is to review the recent data related to how progesterone and estradiol could regulate (initiate and then turn off) the uterine pulsatile secretion of PGF(2alpha) observed at luteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan K Goff
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculte de medecine veterinaire, Universite de Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2S 7C6.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Telgmann R, Bathgate RAD, Jaeger S, Tillmann G, Ivell R. Transcriptional regulation of the bovine oxytocin receptor gene. Biol Reprod 2003; 68:1015-26. [PMID: 12604656 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.008961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxytocin receptor (OTR) is expressed in the cow uterus at high levels at estrus and at term of pregnancy. This expression appears to be controlled mostly at the transcriptional level and correlates with increasing estrogen concentration and progesterone withdrawal. Approximately 3200 base pairs of the upstream region of the bovine OTR gene were cloned and analyzed using a combination of bioinformatic, electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA), and transfection analyses. Using nuclear proteins from high- and low-expressing tissues, EMSA indicated no significant quantitative or qualitative changes in specific DNA-protein binding, suggesting that transcription is probably controlled by signalling systems targeting constitutive factors. Using various cell types, including primary and immortalized ruminant endometrial epithelial cells, as hosts for transfection of promoter-reporter constructs showed that endogenous activity resided only in the longest, i.e., 3.2-kb, construct but not in those shorter than 1.0 kb. While estrogen appears to be important in vivo, no effect of estradiol was found on any construct directly; only when the longest 3.2-kb construct was used in combination with some cotransfected steroid receptor cofactors, e.g., SRC1e, was an estradiol-dependent effect observed. A putative interferon-responsive element (IRE) was found at approximately -2,400 from the transcription start site. This element was shown to bind mouse IRF1 and IRF2 as well as similar proteins from bovine endometrial and myometrial nuclear extracts. This element also responded to these factors when cotransfected into various cell types. The bovine equivalents to IRF1 and IRF2 were molecularly cloned from endometrial tissue and shown to be expressed in a temporal fashion, supporting the role of interferon-tau in maternal recognition of pregnancy. Of many factors tested or analyzed, these components of the IFN system are the only ones found to significantly influence the transcription of the bovine OTR gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Telgmann
- Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research University of Hamburg, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Murakami S, Shibaya M, Takeuchi K, Skarzynski DJ, Okuda K. A Passage and Storage System for Isolated Bovine Endometrial Epithelial and Stromal Cells. J Reprod Dev 2003; 49:531-8. [PMID: 14967905 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.49.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a storage system for isolated endometrial cells, we investigated the basal, oxytocin (OT)- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-stimulated production of prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) in bovine-passaged and frozen-thawed endometrial cells. Stromal and epithelial cells obtained from cows in the early stage of the estrous cycle (Days 2-5) were frozen at -80 C or further cultured and/or passaged until passage 4 in DMEM/Ham's F-12 supplemented with 10% calf serum. A fresh-unfrozen primary culture and one-time passaged fresh-unfrozen cells were used as the control. When both unfrozen and frozen cells reached confluence, the culture medium was replaced with fresh medium with 0.1% BSA and the cells were stimulated with OT (100 ng/ml) or TNFalpha (1 ng/ml) for 4 h. The passage and freezing of the endometrial cells did not affect their morphology. In primary culture of frozen and unfrozen endometrial cells, OT strongly stimulated PGF(2alpha) production in epithelial cells, and TNFalpha strongly stimulated PGF(2alpha) production in stromal cells (P<0.05). The basal output of PGF(2alpha) in frozen stromal cells was similar to that in unfrozen stromal cells. However, the basal output of PGF(2alpha) in frozen epithelial cells was significantly lower than that unfrozen cells (P<0.05). On the other hand, in passaged cells, the basal level of PGF(2alpha) production was retained until passage 1 in epithelial cells, whereas it was retained until passage 4 in stromal cells. Although epithelial cells responded to OT in PGF(2alpha) production until passage 2 (P<0.05), the stromal cells showed a significant response to TNFalpha until passage 4 (P<0.05). These results suggest that stored cells could be used for studying the physiology of bovine endometrium in vitro until passage 1 in endometrial epithelial cells, and until passage 4 in stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Murakami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The objective of this review is to give an overview of the signaling mechanisms between the conceptus and the mother before implantation. The interactions between the embryo and uterus are complex and essential for normal embryo development and implantation. Problems in the signaling mechanisms are thought to play a significant role in early embryonic mortality since a high rate of embryonic morality occurs during this period. This review will focus on the mechanisms involved in the development of the conceptus and the prevention of luteolysis. It is based primarily on what is known in ruminants but also refers to work in other species such as the mouse and primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan K Goff
- CRRA, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Taylor AH, Pringle JH, Bell SC, Al-Azzawi F. Specific inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha function by antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides. ANTISENSE & NUCLEIC ACID DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2001; 11:219-31. [PMID: 11572599 DOI: 10.1089/108729001317022223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have tested the effect of a range of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) directed against the human estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) on ERalpha protein expression and function. Antisense ERalpha ODN transfected into the ERalpha-positive human breast carcinoma cell line MCF7-K2 showed variable responses dependent on the oligo used. The most active antisense ODN (oligo 7) decreased the levels of ERa protein by 61% as measured by Western blot analysis. Exogenous 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E2), but not 17alpha-E2, augmented this effect, with a threshold effect at 10(-8) M 17beta-E2. The inhibitory effect of antisense ERa oligo 7 was confirmed by measurement of functional ERalpha protein. 3H-17beta-E2 binding to MCF7 cell extracts was inhibited to approximately 40% of control values in the presence of oligo 7. Antisense-transfected MCF7-K2 cell cultures produced a further 30% binding reduction in the presence of exogenous 17beta-E2. An inhibitory effect on 17beta-E2-dependent cell function was confirmed by the demonstration that ERalpha oligo 7-transfected MCF7-K2 cells failed to exhibit 17beta-E2-stimulated cell proliferation. Exogenous 17beta-E2 enhanced the inhibitory effect of the antisense ODN by increasing ODN transfection efficiency but without ERalpha catabolism via the proteosomal pathway, suggesting an effect of 17beta-E2 on the plasma membrane and the existence of different ERalpha degradation pathways in the MCF7-K2 cell subclone. As 17beta-E2 had no effect on ERalpha protein degradation, we conclude that the observed reduction of ERalpha protein levels is due solely to the presence of the antisense ERalpha ODN. Antisense ERalpha ODN molecules, therefore, may form the basis of effective therapies against ERalpha-dependent malignancies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Biological Transport/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Estradiol/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor alpha
- Estrogens
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Estrogen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, England
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
TAKAHASHI H, IGA K, SATO T, TAKAHASHI M, OKANO A. Isolation and Culture of Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells in a Serum-Free Culture System. J Reprod Dev 2001. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.47.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi TAKAHASHI
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute of Animal Industry
| | - Kosuke IGA
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute of Animal Industry
| | - Taro SATO
- Livestock Research Center, Niigata Prefectural Agricultural Research Institute
| | - Masashi TAKAHASHI
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute of Animal Industry
| | - Akira OKANO
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute of Animal Industry
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Skarzynski DJ, Miyamoto Y, Okuda K. Production of prostaglandin f(2alpha) by cultured bovine endometrial cells in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha: cell type specificity and intracellular mechanisms. Biol Reprod 2000; 62:1116-20. [PMID: 10775156 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod62.5.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has been shown to be a potent stimulator of prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) secretion in the bovine endometrium. The aims of the present study were to determine the cell types in the endometrium (epithelial or stromal cells) responsible for the secretion of PGF(2alpha) in response to TNFalpha, and the intracellular mechanisms of TNFalpha action. Cultured bovine epithelial and stromal cells were exposed to TNFalpha (0.006-6 nM) or oxytocin (100 nM) for 4 h. TNFalpha resulted in a dose-dependent increase of PGF(2alpha) production in the stromal cells (P < 0.001) but not in the epithelial cells. On the other hand, oxytocin stimulated PGF(2alpha) output in the epithelial cells but not in the stromal cells. When the stromal cells were incubated for 24 h with TNFalpha and inhibitors of phospholipase (PL) C or PLA(2), only PLA(2) inhibitor completely stopped the actions of TNFalpha (P < 0.001). When the stromal cells were exposed to TNFalpha and arachidonic acid, the action of TNFalpha was augmented (P < 0.001). When the stromal cells were incubated for 24 h with a nitric oxide (NO) donor (S-NAP), S-NAP stimulated the PGF(2alpha) production dose-dependently. Although an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME) reduced TNFalpha-stimulated PGF(2alpha) production, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase augmented the actions of TNFalpha and S-NAP (P < 0. 05). The overall results indicate that the target of TNFalpha for stimulation of PGF(2alpha) production in cattle is the endometrial stromal cells, and that the actions of TNFalpha are mediated via the activation of PLA(2) and arachidonic acid conversion. Moreover, TNFalpha may exert a stimulatory effect on PGF(2alpha) production via the induction of NOS and the subsequent NO-cGMP formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Skarzynski
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- T Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The sex steroids and the peptide hormone oxytocin are both ancient modulators of the reproductive system of most metazoan species responsible for tissue differentiation and acute events respectively. In vivo experimentation implies estrogenic control of both the oxytocin (OT) gene and that for its receptor (OTR). Yet neither gene promoter appears able to bind classic estrogen-dependent nuclear receptors (ER) in vitro. The literature is confused by some transfected cell culture experiments which suggest that the human and rat OT gene promoter can be regulated by both ER alpha and ER beta through a major hormone response element at -160 bp upstream of the transcription start site. These findings depended, however, upon the presence of a high molar excess of the nuclear estrogen receptor. The current consensus suggests that the sex steroids are acting indirectly on both the OT and OTR genes, possibly involving intermediate transcription factors or cofactors. They may also act upon the OTR at the cell membrane, though more study is needed before the few current observations can be generalized. Due to the OT system being so ancient and fundamental to all aspects of reproduction, it is likely that the mechanisms by which the sex steroids influence this system are going to be of general importance to many other basic aspects of reproductive control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ivell
- Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research, University of Hamburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fuchs AR, Drolet P, Fortier MA, Balvers M, Fields MJ. Ontogeny of oxytocin receptors and oxytocin-induced stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis in prepubertal heifers. Endocrinology 1998; 139:2755-64. [PMID: 9607782 DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.6.6030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental aspects of oxytocin (OT) receptors (OTR) in uterine tissues before puberty are not known. Bovine ovaries secrete some estradiol, but no progesterone, before puberty; the circulating levels of estradiol are between 1 and 3 pg/ml until puberty. Cross-bred Angus-Brahman heifers, in which puberty occurs around 12 months of age, were used to determine the concentrations of OTR from the late fetal stage to adulthood. PGF2alpha release in response to OT was determined in 3-, 6-, and 9-month-old heifers (n = 4 each). Myometrium, endometrium, and cervical mucosa were obtained from 3-week-old, 3-month-old, 6-month-old, and 9-month-old heifers and from adult cows at estrus. Whole uterus and cervix were taken from third trimester fetuses and at birth. [3H]OT binding and specificity, localization of immunoreactive (ir) OTR, OTR messenger RNA, and OT-induced release of PGF2alpha were determined. The uterus from fetuses and the neonate expressed OTR messenger RNA and bound [3H]OT. At 3 weeks of age, OTR concentrations per mg protein were very low, but at 3 months of age they had increased markedly in all three tissues. At 6 and 9 months of age, levels of OTR had risen further and were similar to those in adult cows at estrus. Prepubertal uterus also possessed separate vasopressin VP1 subtype receptors. The ir-OTR was localized in luminal epithelial cells of endometrium and cervical mucosa, most of which were ir positive, whereas in myometrium, clusters of ir-OTR-positive cells were found among large numbers of ir-OTR-negative cells. The PGF2alpha response to OT was insignificant in heifers of all age groups, in contrast to that in cows at estrus. Endometrial cells from 4- to 5-month-old heifers did not respond to OT with PG release in the absence or presence of added arachidonic acid. Tumor promoters, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-2 also failed to elicit PG release in vitro, although they induced PG release in similar cell cultures from cyclic cows. In summary, uterine tissues of prepubertal heifers have high levels of OTR, which appear to be developmentally regulated. These receptors are not coupled to PG synthase, or alternatively, the PG synthase gene is not expressed before puberty, possibly because the tissues have had no previous exposure to progesterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Fuchs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|