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Inoue D, Hayashima A, Suzuta F, Motomura Y, Kawamoto Y, Yoshino F, Morita K, Hirai Y, Iwamatsu S, Nakazato S, Kimura K, Yanase T. Congenital malformations caused by Akabane virus in porcine fetuses in southern Japan. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:449-457. [PMID: 37831381 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV) is known as a major teratogenic agent of ruminant fetuses. In this study, we investigated the relationship between porcine abnormal deliveries and AKAV by serology, pathology, and virology investigations using specimens from 16 stillborn fetuses delivered in southern Japan between 2013 and 2015. The major clinical manifestations in stillborn fetuses were hydranencephaly, arthrogryposis, spinal curvature, and both skeletal muscle and subcutaneous edema. Histologic examination of the specimens identified atrophy of skeletal muscle fibers accompanied by adipose replacement. Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis and decreased neuronal density in the ventral horn of the spinal cord were shown in two separate fetuses, respectively. Neutralizing antibody titers to AKAV were detected in most of the tested fetuses (13/16). The AKAV sequences detected in the affected fetuses in 2013 and 2015 were highly identical and closely related to Japanese AKAV isolates which were isolated in 2013 and sorted into genogroup I of AKAV. Immunohistochemistry visualized AKAV antigens in the neuronal cells of the central nervous system of the fetuses. These findings indicate that AKAV was involved in the birth of abnormal piglets at the affected farm. The clinical manifestations and histopathological features in the stillborn fetuses were very similar to those in ruminant neonates affected by AKAV. To avoid misdiagnosis and to evaluate the precise impact of AKAV on pig reproduction, AKAV should be considered in differential diagnoses of reproductive failures in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Inoue
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Akimi Hayashima
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Fumiko Suzuta
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Motomura
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Yuta Kawamoto
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yoshino
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Kotaro Morita
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirai
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Shigeru Iwamatsu
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakazato
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Nagasaki Prefecture, 3118 Kaizu, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0063, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kimura
- Pathology and Production Disease Group, Division of Hygiene Management Research, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702, Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
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Li N, Meng J, He Y, Wang W, Wang J. Potential roles of Culicoides spp. ( Culicoides imicola, Culicoides oxystoma) as biological vectors of bluetongue virus in Yuanyang of Yunnan, P. R. China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1283216. [PMID: 38274733 PMCID: PMC10809989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1283216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Culicoides plays a crucial role as an insect vector in the field of veterinary medicine. The transmission of significant viruses such as bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV) by this insect poses a substantial threat, leading to the development of severe diseases in domestic animals. This study aimed to explore the Culicoides species, identify their blood-meal sources, and assess the presence of BTV and AHSV carried by Culicoides in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province. The aim was to gain insights into the potential vectors of these two viruses and elucidate their potential roles in the transmission of pathogens. Methods The midges were collected from cattle (Bos indicus), pig (Sus scrofa), and goat (Capra hircus) pens in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province in June 2020. Initial identification of midges was conducted through morphological characteristics, followed by molecular identification using the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The determination of Culicoides blood-meal sources was accomplished using specific primers targeting the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene from potential hosts. BTV and AHSV RNA were identified in Culicoides pools through the application of reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. Nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis were performed using MegAlign (DNAStar) and Mega 6.0 software. Results A total of 6,300 Culicoides, consisting of C. oxystoma, C. arakawai, C. imicola, and C. innoxius, were collected from cattle, pigs, and goat pens. The engorgement rates for these species were 30.2%, 54.6%, 75%, and 66.7%, respectively. In the cattle pen, the prevailing species is C. oxystoma (100%). In the pig pen, C. arakawai dominates (70%), with C. oxystoma following at 30%. In the goat pen, C. imicola holds the majority (45.45%), trailed by C. oxystoma (25%), C. innoxius (20.45%), and C. arakawai (9.09%). These Culicoides species were identified as feeding on cattle, pigs, goats, chickens (Gallus gallus), and humans (Homo sapiens). The positivity rates for BTV were 20.00% and 11.54% in blood-fed specimens of C. imicola and C. oxystoma, respectively. Conversely, the positivity rates for BTV in non-blood-fed specimens were 0.00% and 6.67% for C. imicola and C. oxystoma, respectively. BTV was not detected in C. arakawai and C. innoxius. The specimens (YY86) from C. imicola that tested positive for BTV had the closest genetic relationship to YTS-4 isolated from Mangshi, Yunnan Province in 1996. All test results for the nucleic acid of AHSV were negative. Conclusion The study reveals variations in the species distribution, community composition, blood sucking rate, and blood-feeding sources of Culicoides across different habitats. Notably, C. imicola and C. oxystoma emerge as potential vectors for the transmission of BTV in local animals. Accordingly, this investigation provides crucial insights that can serve as a valuable reference for the prevention and control of BTV in local animals, particularly from the perspective of vector management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- The Aquaculture Workstation of Yuanyang County Agriculture, Rural Affairs, and Science and Technology Bureau, Yuanyang, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
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Hudson AR, McGregor BL, Shults P, England M, Silbernagel C, Mayo C, Carpenter M, Sherman TJ, Cohnstaedt LW. Culicoides-borne Orbivirus epidemiology in a changing climate. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1221-1229. [PMID: 37862060 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Orbiviruses are of significant importance to the health of wildlife and domestic animals worldwide; the major orbiviruses transmitted by multiple biting midge (Culicoides) species include bluetongue virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and African horse sickness virus. The viruses, insect vectors, and hosts are anticipated to be impacted by global climate change, altering established Orbivirus epidemiology. Changes in global climate have the potential to alter the vector competence and extrinsic incubation period of certain biting midge species, affect local and long-distance dispersal dynamics, lead to range expansion in the geographic distribution of vector species, and increase transmission period duration (earlier spring onset and later fall transmission). If transmission intensity is associated with weather anomalies such as droughts and wind speeds, there may be changes in the number of outbreaks and periods between outbreaks for some regions. Warmer temperatures and changing climates may impact the viral genome by facilitating reassortment and through the emergence of novel viral mutations. As the climate changes, Orbivirus epidemiology will be inextricably altered as has been seen with recent outbreaks of bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, and African horse sickness outside of endemic areas, and requires interdisciplinary teams and approaches to assess and mitigate future outbreak threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Hudson
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Bethany L McGregor
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Phillip Shults
- Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | | | - Constance Silbernagel
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA APHIS, 2150 Centre Ave, Bldg B, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Christie Mayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University (CSU), 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Molly Carpenter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University (CSU), 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Tyler J Sherman
- Diagnostic Medicine Center, Colorado State University (CSU), 2450 Gillette Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Lee W Cohnstaedt
- The National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), 1980 Denison Ave., Manhattan, KS 66505, USA
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Kampen H, Werner D. Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as Vectors of Viruses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2706. [PMID: 38004718 PMCID: PMC10673010 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides occur almost globally and can regionally and seasonally reach high abundances. Most species are hematophagous, feeding on all groups of vertebrates, including humans. In addition to being nuisance pests, they are able to transmit disease agents, with some viruses causing high morbidity and/or mortality in ruminants, horses and humans. Despite their impact on animal husbandry, public health and tourism, knowledge on the biology and ecology of culicoid biting midges and their interactions with ingested pathogens or symbiotic microorganisms is limited. Research is challenging due to unknown larval habitats, the insects' tiny size, the inability to establish and breed most species in the laboratory and the laborious maintenance of colonies of the few species that can be reared in the laboratory. Consequently, the natural transmission of pathogens has experimentally been demonstrated for few species while, for others, only indirect evidence of vector potential exists. Most experimental data are available for Culicoides sonorensis and C. nubeculosus, the only species kept in western-world insectaries. This contribution gives an overview on important biting midge vectors, transmitted viruses, culicoid-borne viral diseases and their epidemiologies and summarizes the little knowledge on interactions between biting midges, their microflora and culicoid-borne arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Doreen Werner
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany;
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Whole-genome sequence analysis of a novel orthobunyavirus isolated in Japan in the 1980s. Arch Virol 2023; 168:67. [PMID: 36653513 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two viruses isolated from Culicoides biting midges in Japan and preserved in a frozen state for over three decades were genetically characterized by next-generation sequencing. The viruses have a tripartite RNA genome with the typical coding strategy of orthobunyaviruses. They also share a high level of genetic similarity and are thus regarded as isolates of the same virus. Pairwise sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis including viruses of the Simbu serogroup demonstrated that the new viruses are members of clade A of this serogroup. In addition, a discrepancy in the phylogenetic trees indicated that a genetic reassortment had occurred in the evolution of the studied viruses. The L protein of the virus reported here showed no more than 94.6% amino acid sequence identity to that of any other Simbu serogroup virus, indicating that it should be regarded as a novel virus according to a criterion for species definition in the genus Orthobunyavirus. Therefore, this novel virus is tentatively named 'Taniyama virus' based on the location where the infected midges were collected.
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Choocherd S, Pattanatanang K, Chimnoi W, Kamyingkird K, Tongyoo P, Phasuk J. Preliminary Study on Comparative Efficacy of Four Light Sources for Trapping Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1719-1723. [PMID: 35899797 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The light trap is an important tool to determine the presence and abundance of vectors in the field. However, no one has studied the efficiency of light traps for collecting Culicoides in Thailand. In the present study, the efficacy of four light sources was evaluated in Prachuap Khiri Khan province, Thailand. Incandescent (INCND) light, white fluorescent (WHT-FLR) light, ultraviolet fluorescent (UV-FLR) light, and UV light-emitting diode (UV-LED) light were tested using commercial traps. In total, 30,866 individuals of Culicoides species were collected from November 2020 to June 2021, of which 21,016 were trapped on site 1 and 6,731 were trapped on site 2. The two most abundant Culicoides species were C. imicola (54%) and C. oxystoma (31.2%). UV-FLR was highly effective, followed by UV-LED light, WHT-FLR light, and INCND light, respectively, for Culicoides collection. Significantly, more Culicoides species were collected in those traps baited with UV-FLR light, UV-LED light, or WHT-FLR light than for INCND light traps. Traps equipped with UV-FLR lights can be recommended to trap Culcoides biting midges for monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Choocherd
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khampee Pattanatanang
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wissanuwat Chimnoi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ketsarin Kamyingkird
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pumipat Tongyoo
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jumnongjit Phasuk
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Genetic and pathogenic characterisation of a virulent Akabane virus isolated from goats in Yunnan, China. J Vet Res 2022; 66:35-42. [PMID: 35582486 PMCID: PMC8959687 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Akabane virus (AKAV) has been detected in a variety of host species in China, but there are only limited records of its occurrence in goats. However, more attention needs to be paid to understanding the diversity of viruses in this species. The aim of the study was to explore the genotype characteristics and variation trend of AKAV and their relationship with virulence in Yunnan, China. Material and Methods Blood samples were collected from goats during routine surveillance of goat diseases in Yunnan province in 2019. The AKAV CX-01 strain was isolated using BHK-21 cells. To understand pathogenicity, the virus was intraperitoneally (IP) and intracerebrally (IC) inoculated into suckling mice and tissue samples were subsequently analysed histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Results Akabane virus CX-01 strain induced encephalitis and impairment of the central nervous system with fatal consequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF sequences of the small segments indicated that the AKAV isolate used was most closely related to the GD18134/2018 Chinese midge and bovine NM BS/1strains, while phylogenetic analysis based on the medium segments showed a close relationship between CX-01 and the Chinese GLXCH01 strain. Conclusion The CX-01 isolate was related to AKAV genogroup Ia and probably originated from a recombination of different strains.
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Morphological and molecular differentiation between Culicoides oxystoma and Culicoides kingi (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Tunisia. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:607. [PMID: 34922599 PMCID: PMC8684274 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Culicoides kingi and Culicoides oxystoma belong to the Schultzei group of biting midges. These two species are vectors of disease in livestock of economic importance. As described in the literature, morphological identification for discrimination between them is still unclear. However, species-specific identification is necessary to solve taxonomic challenges between species and to understand their roles in disease transmission and epidemiology. This study aims to develop accurate tools to discriminate C. oxystoma from C. kingi using traditional morphometry and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) assays for use in developing countries. Methods Specimens were collected from the region of Kairouan in central Tunisia. A total of 446 C. oxystoma/C. kingi individuals were identified using traditional morphometric analyses combined with PCR–RFLP of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Thirteen morphometric measurements were performed from the head, wings, and abdomen of slide-mounted specimens, and six ratios were calculated between these measurements. Multivariate analyses of the morphometric measurements were explored to identify which variables could lead to accurate species identification. Results Four variables, namely antennae, wings, spermathecae, and palpus length, were suitable morphometric characteristics to differentiate between the species. Digestion with the SspI restriction enzyme of the PCR product led to good discriminative ability. Molecular procedures and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the efficiency of this simple and rapid PCR–RFLP method. Conclusions This study highlights for the first time in Tunisia the presence of C. oxystoma and its discrimination from C. kingi using abdominal measurements and the PCR–RFLP method. This approach could be applied in future epidemiological studies at the national and international levels. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05084-8.
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Murota K, Ishii K, Mekaru Y, Araki M, Suda Y, Shirafuji H, Kobayashi D, Isawa H, Yanase T. Isolation of Culicoides- and Mosquito-Borne Orbiviruses in the Southwestern Islands of Japan Between 2014 and 2019. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:796-808. [PMID: 34463150 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulation of arboviruses in livestock ruminants has often gone unrecognized owing to the fact that a significant percentage of arboviruses probably induce subclinical infections and/or negligible symptoms in infected animals. To determine the current situation of arbovirus circulation in the Yaeyama Islands, attempts to isolate viruses from bovine blood samples collected between 2014 and 2019 have been made. In total, 308 blood samples were collected during the study period, and 43 of them induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in cell cultures. The identification of the CPE agents was performed by reported RT-PCR assays and a high-throughput analysis with a next-generation sequencing platform. The obtained viruses consisted of an orthobunyavirus (Peaton virus), Culicoides-borne orbiviruses (bluetongue virus serotypes 12 and 16, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus [EHDV] serotypes 5, 6, and 7, D'Aguilar virus, and Bunyip Creek virus), and potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses (Yunnan orbivirus, Guangxi orbivirus, and Yonaguni orbivirus). Most of the orbiviruses were recovered from washed blood cells with mosquito cell cultures, suggesting that this combination was more efficient than other combinations such as plasma/blood cells and hamster cell lines. This marked the first time that the isolation of EHDV serotypes 5 and 6 and three potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses was recorded in Japan, showing a greater variety of orbiviruses on the islands than previously known. Genetic analysis of the isolated orbiviruses suggested that the Yaeyama Islands and its neighboring regions were epidemiologically related. Some of the viruses, especially the potential mosquito-borne orbiviruses, were isolated during several consecutive years, indicating their establishment on the islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Murota
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Uruma, Japan
| | - Yuji Mekaru
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Uruma, Japan
| | - Miho Araki
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Ishigaki, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan
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Kim MS, Kim HC, Bellis GA, Chong ST, Kim HS, Klein TA. Seasonal Abundance of Culicoides at Yongsan US Army Garrison (USAG) and Camp Humphreys USAG, Republic of Korea, 2010-2013 and 2014-2017. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:273-280. [PMID: 34218599 PMCID: PMC8255496 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biting midges (Culicoides: Ceratopogonidae) were collected using New Jersey light traps at Yongsan US Army Garrison (USAG;urban), Seoul Metropolitan city and Camp Humphreys USAG (rural), Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do (province), Republic of Korea, from May-October 2010–2013 and 2015–2017, to determine species composition and seasonal distribution patterns in urban and rural habitats. A total of 9,958 female (53.85%) and 8,533 male (46.15%) Culicoides comprising 16 species were collected. Overall, the most commonly collected species was Culicoides arakawae (74.3%), followed by C. circumscriptus (16.2%), C. kibunensis (2.5%), C. nasuensis (2.2%), C. clavipalpis (1.4%), and C. pallidulus (1.3%), while the remaining 10 species accounted for <2.1% of all Culicoides spp. collected. The 2 predominant species collected were C. circumscriptus (47.4%) and C. arakawae (33.4%) at Yongsan, and C. arakawae (90.4%) and C. circumscriptus (3.9%) at Camp Humphreys. The seasonal abundance of these 2 species varied between years and between sites but on average peaked in August–September for C. arakawae and June–July for C. circumscriptus. Annual variations in abundance were observed for most species collected during this study. Unusually high proportions of male specimens were observed for most species at both sites which may be due to the use of the New Jersey trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Soon Kim
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
| | - Heung Chul Kim
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
| | - Glenn A Bellis
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Sung-Tae Chong
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
| | - Hyo-Sung Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96271-5247, USA
| | - Terry A Klein
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
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Suda Y, Murota K, Shirafuji H, Yanase T. Genomic analysis of putative novel serotypes of Tibet orbivirus isolated in Japan. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1151-1156. [PMID: 33547486 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) was initially isolated in Tibet in 2009 and subsequently in Guangdong, Hunan, and Yunnan, China. We document the first isolation of TIBOV outside of China: two TIBOV isolates from Culicoides collected in 2009 and 2010 in Kagoshima, Japan. Their complete genome sequences were also determined. Our results suggest that the two virus isolates are of novel serotypes, evident by variability within genome segment 2 encoding VP2. These new putative TIBOV serotypes will help with future virus surveillance and with the evaluation of its potential to cause disease in domestic ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Suda
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
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Rot A, Meiswinkel R, Fleker M, Blum SE, Behar A. Towards modernizing the taxonomy of Mediterranean Culicoides using classical morphology, mtDNA barcoding, and MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105628. [PMID: 32659282 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are a highly successful group of small (1-3 mm) hematophagous flies, infamous for the role they play as biological vectors for numerous pathogens of veterinary significance. The principal aim of the national animal disease surveillance program of Israel is to be able to rapidly sort and identify live field-captured insects including Culicoides for arbovirus screening. In this exploratory study, three identification methods-classical morphology, DNA barcoding, and MALDI-TOF MS-were applied simultaneously to individuals of 10 Culicoides species that commonly attack livestock in Israel. The strengths and limitations of the three methods are compared and evaluated. In essence, the CO1 barcoding and MALDI-TOF MS results closely matched those of classical morphology. Furthermore, at a higher level and in strong accordance with recognized subgenera, the 10 species, in the reconstructed phylogenies, coalesced into multiple deeper-branched monophyletic clades. However, some discrepancies between the molecular and protein profiling results did occur and proved difficult to assess in terms of taxonomic significance. This difficulty underscores how tricky it is to establish clear species limits when methods involving borderline cutoff values and similarity indices are used as a taxonomic aid. An added shortcoming of the pluralistic triple-method approach is that a significant percentage of the species-level depositions in the GenBank and BOLD databases are misidentified, hindering structured comparison and interpretation of the morphological and molecular results obtained. Aspects of the unresolved taxonomy of various biting midge assemblages within the Mediterranean basin, including minor changes to the Israeli Culicoides checklist, are discussed in light of the methods applied. It is observed that the direct access that classical morphology provides to the external environment (or species niche) is indispensable to the full and correct interpretation (and application) of concomitant molecular and protein profiling results. The Culicoides taxonomy of the future ought to be fully integrative, during which the assimilation of modern methodological advances should strengthen-rather than undermine-the morphological foundations laid down during the 260-year Linnaean epoch.
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13
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Yanase T, Murota K, Hayama Y. Endemic and Emerging Arboviruses in Domestic Ruminants in East Asia. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:168. [PMID: 32318588 PMCID: PMC7154088 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epizootic congenital abnormalities caused by Akabane, Aino, and Chuzan viruses have damaged the reproduction of domestic ruminants in East Asia for many years. In the past, large outbreaks of febrile illness related to bovine ephemeral fever and Ibaraki viruses severely affected the cattle industry in that region. In recent years, vaccines against these viruses have reduced the occurrence of diseases, although the viruses are still circulating and have occasionally caused sporadic and small-scaled epidemics. Over a long-term monitoring period, many arboviruses other than the above-mentioned viruses have been isolated from cattle and Culicoides biting midges in Japan. Several novel arboviruses that may infect ruminants (e.g., mosquito- and tick-borne arboviruses) were recently reported in mainland China based on extensive surveillance. It is noteworthy that some are suspected of being associated with cattle diseases. Malformed calves exposed to an intrauterine infection with orthobunyaviruses (e.g., Peaton and Shamonda viruses) have been observed. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 caused a sudden outbreak of hemorrhagic disease in cattle in Japan. Unfortunately, the pathogenicity of many other viruses in ruminants has been uncertain, although these viruses potentially affect livestock production. As global transportation grows, the risk of an accidental incursion of arboviruses is likely to increase in previously non-endemic areas. Global warming will also certainly affect the distribution and active period of vectors, and thus the range of virus spreads will expand to higher-latitude regions. To prevent anticipated damages to the livestock industry, the monitoring system for arboviral circulation and incursion should be strengthened; moreover, the sharing of information and preventive strategies will be essential in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoko Hayama
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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Yanase T, Hayama Y, Shirafuji H, Tsutsui T, Terada Y. Surveillance of Culicoides biting midges in northern Honshu, Japan, during the period of Akabane virus spread. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1496-1503. [PMID: 31447461 PMCID: PMC6863720 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A surveillance of Culicoides biting midges with light suction traps was
conducted in the northern region of Honshu, main island of Japan, during the summers and
autumns of 2009 and 2010. A total of 106 trap collections across 37 cattle farms were
investigated for the structure and distribution of Culicoides species.
Forty-thousand and one hundred forty-nine specimens of Culicoides biting
midges were identified at the species level, and ≥19 species were included in the
specimens. Culicoides oxystoma, which is a known major vector of Akabane
virus (AKAV), appeared not to have expanded in northern Honshu during the surveillance. Of
the potential AKAV vectors suggested by a previous laboratory experiment, C.
tainanus and C. punctatus widely infested cowsheds across
northern Honshu. The AKAV circulation was confirmed by serological surveillance of
sentinel cattle in northern Honshu during the summer and autumn of 2010 and, consequently,
>200 calves affected by the virus were identified as of spring 2011. Our surveillance
demonstrated that C. tainanus and C. punctatus were
widely spread and often dominated at cattle farms in/around the seroconverted regions, and
our results thus suggest that these species played a critical role in the AKAV
transmission in 2010. Because the distribution ranges of C. tainanus and
C. punctatus cover almost all of mainland Japan, a potential risk of
AKAV transmission might be expected even in areas outside the range of C.
oxystoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702, Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
| | - Yoko Hayama
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702, Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tsutsui
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terada
- Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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15
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Coupeau D, Bayrou C, Baillieux P, Marichal A, Lenaerts AC, Caty C, Wiggers L, Kirschvink N, Desmecht D, Muylkens B. Host-dependence of in vitro reassortment dynamics among the Sathuperi and Shamonda Simbuviruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:381-395. [PMID: 30896304 PMCID: PMC6455117 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1586410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Orthobunyaviruses are arboviruses (Arthropod Borne Virus) and possess multipartite genomes made up of three negative RNAs corresponding to the small (S), medium (M) and large (L) segments. Reassortment and recombination are evolutionary driving forces of such segmented viruses and lead to the emergence of new strains and species. Retrospective studies based on phylogenetical analysis are able to evaluate these mechanisms at the end of the selection process but fail to address the dynamics of emergence. This issue was addressed using two Orthobunyaviruses infecting ruminants and belonging to the Simbu serogroup: the Sathuperi virus (SATV) and the Shamonda virus (SHAV). Both viruses were associated with abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformations occurring after transplacental transmission and were suspected to spread together in different ruminant and insect populations. This study showed that different viruses related to SHAV and SATV are spreading simultaneously in ruminants and equids of the Sub-Saharan region. Their reassortment and recombination potential was evaluated in mammalian and in insect contexts. A method was set up to determine the genomic background of any clonal progeny viruses isolated after in vitro coinfections assays. All the reassortment combinations were generated in both contexts while no recombinant virus was isolated. Progeny virus populations revealed a high level of reassortment in mammalian cells and a much lower level in insect cells. In vitro selection pressure that mimicked the host switching (insect-mammal) revealed that the best adapted reassortant virus was connected with an advantageous replicative fitness and with the presence of a specific segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Coupeau
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Calixte Bayrou
- b Department of Morphology and Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Liège Liège , Belgium
| | - Pierre Baillieux
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Axel Marichal
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Anne-Cécile Lenaerts
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Céline Caty
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Laetitia Wiggers
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- b Department of Morphology and Pathology, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Liège Liège , Belgium
| | - Benoît Muylkens
- a Veterinary Department, Faculty of Sciences , Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Namur , Belgium
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16
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Foxi C, Meloni G, Puggioni G, Manunta D, Rocchigiani A, Vento L, Cabras P, Satta G. Bluetongue virus detection in new Culicoides species in Sardinia, Italy. Vet Rec 2019; 184:621. [PMID: 30846613 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue is an infectious disease transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Culicoides imicola is considered the main vector in the Mediterranean basin but other species have been implicated in the Bluetongue virus (BTV) transmission. During 2017, BTV serotype 4 re-occurred in Sardinia causing outbreaks in sheep farms. A survey was carried out on affected farms with the aim to detect the virus in field-collected Culicoides Biting midges were morphologically identified, pooled and then assayed with a real time RT-PCR. To evaluate BTV dissemination, some Culicoides were dissected and head, thorax and abdomen were tested singly by PCR. A total of 173,738 Culicoides adults were collected. Viral RNA was detected in 68 out of 77 pools and all species analysed resulted positive. Detection of BTV in parous female body regions (head, thorax and abdomen) confirmed the full dissemination of BTV in all species analysed. During this study, the vector competence of C imicola, C newsteadi s.l. and Obsoletus complex was confirmed. The authors found two new Culicoides species BTV positive, C paolae never associated with BTV transmission and C circumscriptus only recently found BTV positive in Turkey, which could be considered potential vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cipriano Foxi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Animal Health, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Meloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Animal Health, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giantonella Puggioni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Animal Health, Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniela Manunta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Animal Health, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelamaria Rocchigiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Animal Health, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Vento
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Animal Health, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pierangela Cabras
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Animal Health, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Satta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Animal Health, Sassari, Italy
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17
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Yanase T, Kato T, Hayama Y, Shirafuji H, Yamakawa M, Tanaka S. Oral Susceptibility of Japanese Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Species to Akabane Virus. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:533-539. [PMID: 30418597 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To test their virus susceptibility and capacity as transmission vectors, Japanese Culicoides species were artificially fed a mixture of Akabane virus (AKAV) and bovine blood, and virus recovery was attempted from infected midges 9-11 d post-exposure. Culicoides tainanus, C. punctatus, C. humeralis, C. jacobsoni, C. oxystoma, and C. asiana were found to be orally susceptible to AKAV. Virus titers in single infected midges of C. tainanus, C. oxystoma, C. punctatus, and C. jacobsoni ranged from 100.75 to 104.0 TCID50 (tissue culture infectious dose). The titers in the infected C. oxystoma were significantly higher than those in the other infected species. Viral RNA was detected from both midges testing positive and those testing negative for infectious virus particles, but the viral RNA copies in the infectious virus-negative midges were significantly lower than those in the infectious virus-positive midges. Lower viral amplification, limited dissemination or both caused by tissue barriers might occur in infected midges from which infectious viruses were undetectable. A fully disseminated infection was developed in orally infected C. oxystoma and C. tainanus. This finding indicates their capacity to transmit AKAV, assuming that salivary gland barriers have limited effects on viral entry to and replication in salivary gland tissue. This result also suggests that the other orally susceptible species are potentially competent for AKAV transmission and would be considered active vectors of its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoko Hayama
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamakawa
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
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18
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Bakhoum MT, Sarr M, Fall AG, Huber K, Fall M, Sembène M, Seck MT, Labuschagne K, Gardès L, Ciss M, Gimonneau G, Bouyer J, Baldet T, Garros C. DNA barcoding and molecular identification of field-collected Culicoides larvae in the Niayes area of Senegal. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:615. [PMID: 30509304 PMCID: PMC6276223 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biting midge species of the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) comprise more than 1300 species distributed worldwide. Several species of Culicoides are vectors of various viruses that can affect animals, like the African horse sickness virus (AHSV), known to be endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. The ecological and veterinary interest of Culicoides emphasizes the need for rapid and reliable identification of vector species. However, morphology-based identification has limitations and warrants integration of molecular data. DNA barcoding based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) is used as a rapid and authentic tool for species identification in a wide variety of animal taxa across the globe. In this study, our objectives were as follows: (i) establish a reference DNA barcode for Afrotropical Culicoides species; (ii) assess the accuracy of cox1 in identifying Afrotropical Culicoides species; and (iii) test the applicability of DNA barcoding for species identification on a large number of samples of Culicoides larvae from the Niayes area of Senegal, West Africa. Results A database of 230 cox1 sequences belonging to 42 Afrotropical Culicoides species was found to be reliable for species-level assignments, which enabled us to identify cox1 sequences of Culicoides larvae from the Niayes area of Senegal. Of the 933 cox1 sequences of Culicoides larvae analyzed, 906 were correctly identified by their barcode sequences corresponding to eight species of Culicoides. A total of 1131 cox1 sequences of adult and larval Culicoides were analyzed, and a hierarchical increase in mean divergence was observed according to two taxonomic levels: within species (mean = 1.92%, SE = 0.00), and within genus (mean = 17.82%, SE = 0.00). Conclusions Our study proves the efficiency of DNA barcoding for studying Culicoides larval diversity in field samples. Such a diagnostic tool offers great opportunities for investigating Culicoides immature stages ecology and biology, a prerequisite for the implementation of eco-epidemiological studies to better control AHSV in the Niayes region of Senegal, and more generally in sub-Saharan Africa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3176-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame Thierno Bakhoum
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal. .,CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mamadou Sarr
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Assane Gueye Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Karine Huber
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mbacké Sembène
- Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Momar Talla Seck
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Karien Labuschagne
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Onderstepoort, ZA-0110, South Africa.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, ZA-0002, South Africa
| | - Laetitia Gardès
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Mamadou Ciss
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,Centre International de Recherche - Développement sur l'Elevage en zone subhumide, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, BP 454, Burkina Faso
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.,CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Sainte Clotilde, F- 97491, Réunion, France
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19
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Braverman Y, Chizov-Ginzburg A, Eldor H, Mumcuoglu KY. Overview and features of larval developmental sites of biting midges species associated with livestock in Israel with implications to their control. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2018; 14:204-211. [PMID: 31014731 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The larval developmental sites of Culicoides species were assessed from 1155 samples collected during the years 1969-2003. Culicoides circumscriptus was most prolific in mud with medium organic matter with proportional representation of 55.8%. Culicoides imicola breeds mainly in damp mixture of rotten, decomposed animal dung with or without some mud, with proportional representation of 97.2%. Culicoides obsoletus was found mostly in rotten banana stumps, with proportional representation of almost 100%. Culicoides puncticollis was found in mud with a medium amount of organic matter with proportional representation of 35.6%. Culicoides distinctipennis showed 22.2% proportional representation for mud poor in organic matter. Culicoides schultzei gr. was most prolifically in mud rich in organic matter with proportional representation of 6.2%. Culicoides cataneii was most prolifically in mud with a medium amount of organic matter with proportional representation of 1.8%. Maximum duration time to emergence from the larval developmental sites ranged from seven weeks in C. obsoletus to fourteen weeks in C. circumscriptus and nine weeks in C. imicola. All the studied species breed throughout the year. Significant innate differences in the proportions of the sexes were found in the emergence of six species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Braverman
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel.
| | | | - H Eldor
- Yoshpe Street 13, Hod Ha'Sharon, Israel
| | - K Y Mumcuoglu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Yang D, Yang MS, Rhim H, Han JI, Oem JK, Kim YH, Lee KK, Lim CW, Kim B. Analysis of Five Arboviruses and Culicoides Distribution on Cattle Farms in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:477-485. [PMID: 30419733 PMCID: PMC6243180 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) are transmitted by arthropods such as Culicoides biting midges and cause abortion, stillbirth, and congenital malformation in ruminants, apparently leading to economic losses to farmers. To monitor the distribution of Culicoides and to determine their relationship with different environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and altitude of the farms) on 5 cattle farms, Culicoides were collected during summer season (May-September) in 2016 and 2017, and analyzed for identification of species and detection of arboviruses. About 35% of the Culicoides were collected in July and the collection rate increased with increase in temperature and humidity. The higher altitude where the farms were located, the more Culicoides were collected on inside than outside. In antigen test of Culicoides against 5 arboviruses, only Chuzan virus (CHUV) (2.63%) was detected in 2016. The Akabane virus (AKAV), CHUV, Ibaraki virus and Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) had a positive rate of less than 1.8% in 2017. In antigen test of bovine whole blood, AKAV (12.96%) and BEFV (0.96%) were positive in only one of the farms. As a result of serum neutralization test, antibodies against AKAV were generally measured in all the farms. These results suggest that vaccination before the season in which the Culicoides are active is probably best to prevent arbovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daram Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Haerin Rhim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Chae-Woong Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
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21
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Jun K, Yanaka T, Lee KK, Lee JB. Seroprevalence of bovine arboviruses belonging to genus Orthobunyavirus in South Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1619-1623. [PMID: 30210092 PMCID: PMC6207524 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses, belonging to the Simbu serogroup of the genus
Orthobunyavirus, often cause congenital malformations and reproductive
loss in cattle. The recent occurrences of such reproductive problems suggest that new
arboviruses have emerged in Japan. However, there is no information on the presence of
these viruses in South Korea. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of
antibodies for Akabane, Aino, Peaton, Sathuperi, and Shamonda viruses in four regions,
namely Gyeonggi, Jeollabuk, Jeollanam provinces, and Jeju Island of South Korea by a serum
neutralization test. Antibody positivity against Akabane, Aino, Peaton, Sathuperi, and
Shamonda viruses was detected in the country, with average seropositive rates of 10.4,
4.5, 1.1, 4.9, and 5.6%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungah Jun
- Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, 2-9-22 Takamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-1252, Japan.,Northern branch, Gyeonggi Northern Animal Hygiene Laboratory Office, Namyangju 12035, Republic of Korea
| | - Tadashi Yanaka
- Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, 2-9-22 Takamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-1252, Japan.,NH Foods Ltd., R&D Center, 3-3 Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan
| | - Kun-Kyu Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine KonKuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine KonKuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Yanase T, Kato T, Hayama Y, Akiyama M, Itoh N, Horiuchi S, Hirashima Y, Shirafuji H, Yamakawa M, Tanaka S, Tsutsui T. Transition of Akabane virus genogroups and its association with changes in the nature of disease in Japan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e434-e443. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station; National Institute of Animal Health; NARO; Kagoshima Japan
| | - T. Kato
- Kyushu Research Station; National Institute of Animal Health; NARO; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Y. Hayama
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology; National Institute of Animal Health; NARO; Ibaraki Japan
| | - M. Akiyama
- Eastern Center for Livestock Hygiene Service; Hiroshima Japan
| | - N. Itoh
- Western Center for Livestock Hygiene Service; Hiroshima Japan
| | - S. Horiuchi
- Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center; Miyazaki Japan
| | - Y. Hirashima
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center; Kagoshima Japan
| | - H. Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station; National Institute of Animal Health; NARO; Kagoshima Japan
| | - M. Yamakawa
- Exotic Disease Research Station; National Institute of Animal Health; NARO; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Tanaka
- Kyushu Research Station; National Institute of Animal Health; NARO; Kagoshima Japan
| | - T. Tsutsui
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology; National Institute of Animal Health; NARO; Ibaraki Japan
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23
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Akabane, Aino and Schmallenberg virus-where do we stand and what do we know about the role of domestic ruminant hosts and Culicoides vectors in virus transmission and overwintering? Curr Opin Virol 2017; 27:15-30. [PMID: 29096232 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Akabane, Aino and Schmallenberg virus belong to the Simbu serogroup of Orthobunyaviruses and depend on Culicoides vectors for their spread between ruminant hosts. Infections of adults are mostly asymptomatic or associated with only mild symptoms, while transplacental crossing of these viruses to the developing fetus can have important teratogenic effects. Research mainly focused on congenital malformations has established a correlation between the developmental stage at which a fetus is infected and the outcome of an Akabane virus infection. Available data suggest that a similar correlation also applies to Schmallenberg virus infections but is not yet entirely conclusive. Experimental and field data furthermore suggest that Akabane virus is more efficient in inducing congenital malformations than Aino and Schmallenberg virus, certainly in cattle. The mechanism by which these Simbu viruses cross-pass yearly periods of very low vector abundance in temperate climate zones remains undefined. Yearly wind-borne reintroductions of infected midges from tropical endemic regions with year-round vector activity have been proposed, just as overwintering in long-lived adult midges. Experimental and field data however indicate that a role of vertical virus transmission in the ruminant host currently cannot be excluded as an overwintering mechanism. More studies on Culicoides biology and specific groups of transplacentally infected newborn ruminants without gross malformations are needed to shed light on this matter.
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Alsaad KM, Alautaish HHN, Alamery MAY. Congenital arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome caused by Akabane virus in newborn calves of Basrah Governorate, Iraq. Vet World 2017; 10:1143-1148. [PMID: 29062207 PMCID: PMC5639116 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1143-1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study was conducted in Basrah, Iraq, to diagnose congenital arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome caused by Akabane virus (AKAV) in calves. Materials and Methods: Affected animals (42 calves) are about 2-27 days old from both sexes show signs of arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly. Eight clinically healthy newborn calves were considered as controls. Diagnosis of AKAV was confirmed using a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Results: Results show that all affected calves were found seropositive. Furthermore, a significant increase in total leukocyte count in diseased calves due to a significant increase in the absolute lymphocyte number indicated in affected calves than in controls. Moreover, a significant increase in sedimentation rate of erythrocytes was also encountered in diseased calves than in controls. In addition, a significant increase in haptoglobin level and fibrinogen was also detected. Conclusion: Diagnosis of AKAV infection of Basrah Governorate, Iraq, will provide useful epidemiological information for cattle and other domesticated animals. Therefore, abortion could be prevented and controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Alsaad
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - H H N Alautaish
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - M A Y Alamery
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick De Regge
- Operational Direction Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium. e-mail:
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26
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Hirashima Y, Nojiri M, Ohtsuka Y, Kato T, Shirafuji H, Kurazono M, Imafuji T, Yanase T. Resurgence of bovine ephemeral fever in mainland Japan in 2015 after a 23-year absence. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:904-911. [PMID: 28392506 PMCID: PMC5447980 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In September and October 2015, suspected cases of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) were reported in the mainland region of Kagoshima Prefecture and on Tanegashima Island. The genome of the BEF virus (BEFV) was detected in the diseased cows and the cows that had recovered. The serum obtained from the affected cows contained high titers of BEFV-neutralizing antibody. In total, 18 affected cows were demonstrated to be infected with BEFV during the outbreak. Our findings showed evidence that BEF occurred in mainland Japan after a 23-year absence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the surface glycoprotein (G) gene revealed that BEFVs detected in the affected cows were genetically distinct from previous Japanese BEFVs, but were close to BEFVs circulating in Taiwan and mainland China in recent years. Amino acid substitution in the neutralizing epitope domains of the G protein was limited between the detected viruses and the vaccine strain (YHL isolate), and high titers of the neutralizing antibody against the YHL isolate were induced in the infected cattle during the disease occurrences. Therefore, current BEF vaccines probably elicit protective immunity against the BEFVs detected in 2015, although their effectiveness should be assessed. Since the BEFV vaccination rates are estimated to be low, a BEF outbreak should be considered a possibility in mainland Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Hirashima
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, Kagoshima 899-2201, Japan
| | - Mariko Nojiri
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, Kagoshima 899-2201, Japan.,Nansatsu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4210-18 Kohri, Chiran, Minamikyushu, Kagoshima 897-0302, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohtsuka
- Kumage Branch, Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 6065 Noma, Nakatane, Kagoshima 891-3604, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Kurazono
- Kumage Branch, Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 6065 Noma, Nakatane, Kagoshima 891-3604, Japan
| | - Toyoshige Imafuji
- Nansatsu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4210-18 Kohri, Chiran, Minamikyushu, Kagoshima 897-0302, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
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27
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Purnomo Edi S, Ibrahim A, Sukoco R, Bunali L, Taguchi M, Kato T, Yanase T, Shirafuji H. Molecular characterization of an Akabane virus isolate from West Java, Indonesia. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:774-779. [PMID: 28302930 PMCID: PMC5402201 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated an arbovirus from bovine blood in Indonesia. The arbovirus was obtained from the plasma of a cow showing no clinical symptoms in West Java in February 2014, and was identified as Akabane virus (AKAV) by AKAV-specific RT-PCR and subsequent sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial S segment indicated the AKAV isolate, WJ-1SA/P/2014, was most closely related with two isolates from Israel and Turkey reported in 2001 and 2015, respectively, and that WJ-1SA/P/2014 isolate belongs to AKAV genogroup Ib. This is the first isolation of AKAV from Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryo Purnomo Edi
- Disease Investigation Center Subang, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services, Jl. Terusan Garuda Blok Werasari, RT.33/RW.11, Subang, West Java 41212, Indonesia
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28
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Bakhoum MT, Fall AG, Fall M, Bassene CK, Baldet T, Seck MT, Bouyer J, Garros C, Gimonneau G. Insight on the larval habitat of Afrotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Niayes area of Senegal, West Africa. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:462. [PMID: 27549191 PMCID: PMC4994380 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain biting midges species of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of virus to livestock worldwide. Culicoides larval ecology has remained overlooked because of difficulties to identify breeding sites, methodological constraints to collect samples and lack of morphological tools to identify field-collected individuals to the species level. After the 2007 unforeseen outbreaks of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) in Senegal (West Africa), there is a need to identify suitable and productive larval habitats in horse farms for the main Culicoides species to evaluate the implementation of vector control measures or preventive actions. METHODS We investigate twelve putative larval habitats (habitat types) of Culicoides inside and outside of three horse farms in the Niayes area of Senegal using a combination of flotation and emergence methods during four collection sessions. RESULTS Among the three studied horse farms, three habitat types were found positive for Culicoides larvae: pond edge, lake edge and puddle edge. A total of 1420 Culicoides individuals (519♂/901♀) belonging to ten species emerged from the substrate samples. Culicoides oxystoma (40 %), C. similis (25 %) and C. nivosus (24 %) were the most abundant species and emerged from the three habitat types while C. kingi (5 %) was only retrieved from lake edges and one male emerged from puddle edge. Culicoides imicola (1.7 %) was found in low numbers and retrieved only from pond and puddle edges. CONCLUSIONS Larval habitats identified were not species-specific. All positive larval habitats were found outside the horse farms. This study provides original baseline information on larval habitats of Culicoides species in Senegal in an area endemic for AHSV, in particular for species of interest in animal health. These data will serve as a point of reference for future investigations on larval ecology and larval control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame T. Bakhoum
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Assane G. Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Chiavaroli K. Bassene
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | | | - Momar T. Seck
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France
- PATTEC coordination office, P. O. Box 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
- Cirad, UMR INTERTRYP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- Present address: CIRDES, BP454, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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29
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Kato T, Yanase T, Suzuki M, Katagiri Y, Ikemiyagi K, Takayoshi K, Shirafuji H, Ohashi S, Yoshida K, Yamakawa M, Tsuda T. Monitoring for bovine arboviruses in the most southwestern islands in Japan between 1994 and 2014. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:125. [PMID: 27342576 PMCID: PMC4921034 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Japan, epizootic arboviral infections have severely impacted the livestock industry for a long period. Akabane, Aino, Chuzan, bovine ephemeral fever and Ibaraki viruses have repeatedly caused epizootic abnormal births and febrile illness in the cattle population. In addition, Peaton, Sathuperi, Shamonda and D’Aguilar viruses and epizootic hemorrhagic virus serotype 7 have recently emerged in Japan and are also considered to be involved in abnormal births in cattle. The above-mentioned viruses are hypothesized to circulate in tropical and subtropical Asia year round and to be introduced to temperate East Asia by long-distance aerial dispersal of infected vectors. To watch for arbovirus incursion and assess the possibility of its early warning, monitoring for arboviruses was conducted in the Yaeyama Islands, located at the most southwestern area of Japan, between 1994 and 2014. Results Blood sampling was conducted once a year, in the autumn, in 40 to 60 healthy cattle from the Yaeyama Islands. Blood samples were tested for arboviruses. A total of 33 arboviruses including Akabane, Peaton, Chuzan, D’ Aguilar, Bunyip Creek, Batai and epizootic hemorrhagic viruses were isolated from bovine blood samples. Serological surveillance for the bovine arboviruses associated with cattle diseases in young cattle (ages 6–12 months: had only been alive for one summer) clearly showed their frequent incursion into the Yaeyama Islands. In some cases, the arbovirus incursions could be detected in the Yaeyama Islands prior to their spread to mainland Japan. Conclusions We showed that long-term surveillance in the Yaeyama Islands could estimate the activity of bovine arboviruses in neighboring regions and may provide a useful early warning for likely arbovirus infections in Japan. The findings in this study could contribute to the planning of prevention and control for bovine arbovirus infections in Japan and cooperative efforts among neighboring countries in East Asia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0747-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan.
| | - Moemi Suzuki
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 1-24-29 Kohagura, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0024, Japan
| | - Yoshito Katagiri
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 1-24-29 Kohagura, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0024, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Ikemiyagi
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-2 Miyara, Ishigaki, Okinawa, 907-0022, Japan
| | - Katsunori Takayoshi
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 1-24-29 Kohagura, Naha, Okinawa, 900-0024, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Seiichi Ohashi
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yoshida
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0222, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamakawa
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0222, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsuda
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
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30
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Hayama Y, Moriguchi S, Yanase T, Suzuki M, Niwa T, Ikemiyagi K, Nitta Y, Yamamoto T, Kobayashi S, Murai K, Tsutsui T. Epidemiological analysis of bovine ephemeral fever in 2012-2013 in the subtropical islands of Japan. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:47. [PMID: 26956227 PMCID: PMC4784302 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a febrile disease of cattle that is transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges. An outbreak of BEF recently occurred in Ishigaki Island and surrounding islands that are located southwest of Japan. In this study, an epidemiological analysis was conducted to understand the temporal and spatial characteristics of the outbreak. Factors associated with the disease spread within Ishigaki Island were investigated by hierarchical Bayesian models. The possibility of between-island transmission by windborne vectors and transmission by long-distance migration of infected vectors were examined using atmospheric dispersion models. Results In September 2012, the first case of the disease was detected in the western part of Ishigaki Island. In 1 month, it had rapidly spread to the southern part of the island and to surrounding islands, and led to 225 suspected cases of BEF during the outbreak. The dispersion model demonstrated the high possibility of between-island transmission by wind. Spatial analysis showed that paddy fields, farmlands, and slope gradients had a significant impact on the 1-km cell-level incidence risk. These factors may have influenced the habitats and movements of the vectors with regard to the spread of BEF. A plausible incursion event of infected vectors from Southeast Asia to Ishigaki Island was estimated to have occurred at the end of August. Conclusion This study revealed that the condition of a terrain and land use significantly influenced disease transmission. These factors are important in assessing favorable environments for related vectors. The results of the dispersion model indicated the likely transmission of the infected vectors by wind on the local scale and on the long-distance scale. These findings would be helpful for developing a surveillance program and developing preventive measures against BEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hayama
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Moriguchi
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan. .,Department of Environmental Science Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Moemi Suzuki
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Okinawa, Japan. .,Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Niwa
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, Okinawa, Japan.
| | | | - Yoshiki Nitta
- Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Takehisa Yamamoto
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Sota Kobayashi
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Kiyokazu Murai
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Tsutsui
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
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Reconstruction of the Schmallenberg virus epidemic in Belgium: Complementary use of disease surveillance approaches. Vet Microbiol 2016; 183:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Lee JH, Seo HJ, Park JY, Kim SH, Cho YS, Kim YJ, Cho IS, Jeoung HY. Detection and differentiation of Schmallenberg, Akabane and Aino viruses by one-step multiplex reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR assay. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:270. [PMID: 26497392 PMCID: PMC4619357 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Akabane virus (AKAV) and Aino virus (AINV) are members of the Simbu serogroup within the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae, which can cause reproductive disorders including abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformation in ruminants. Because, the clinical signs are similar, confirmatory diagnosis requires viral detection to differentiate infection between these three viruses. METHODS In this study, a one-step multiplex reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (one-step mRT-qPCR) was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of SBV, AKAV and AINV. RESULTS The detection limit of the one-step mRT-qPCR for SBV, AKAV and AINV were 2.4 copies (10 (0.6) TCID 50/ml), 96.2 copies (10 (1.5) TCID 50/ml) and 52.3 copies (10 (1.2) TCID 50/ml), respectively. Various field samples such as bovine serum, bovine whole blood, bovine brain, goat serum and Culicoides were analyzed using the one-step mRT-qPCR and compared with previously published RT-qPCRs. The test results of the field samples were identical for the one-step mRT-qPCR and RT-qPCRs, which showed all samples to be negative for SBV, AKAV and AINV, except for one bovine brain sample (1/123) that was positive for AKAV. CONCLUSION The one-step mRT-qPCR allows for the simultaneous detection of three viral pathogens (SBV, AKAV and AINV) that cause reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ji Seo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Yong Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hee Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Sang Cho
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Joo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Young Jeoung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
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DE Regge N, DE Deken R, Fassotte C, Losson B, Deblauwe I, Madder M, Vantieghem P, Tomme M, Smeets F, Cay AB. Culicoides monitoring in Belgium in 2011: analysis of spatiotemporal abundance, species diversity and Schmallenberg virus detection. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 29:263-275. [PMID: 25761054 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In 2011, Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) were collected at 16 locations covering four regions of Belgium with Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (OVI) traps and at two locations with Rothamsted suction traps (RSTs). Quantification of the collections and morphological identification showed important variations in abundance and species diversity between individual collection sites, even for sites located in the same region. However, consistently higher numbers of Culicoides midges were collected at some sites compared with others. When species abundance and diversity were analysed at regional level, between-site variation disappeared. Overall, species belonging to the subgenus Avaritia together with Culicoides pulicaris (subgenus Culicoides) were the most abundant, accounting for 80% and 96% of all midges collected with RSTs and OVI traps, respectively. Culicoides were present during most of the year, with Culicoides obsoletus complex midges found from 9 February until 27 December. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction screening for Schmallenberg virus in the heads of collected midges resulted in the first detection of the virus in August 2011 and identified C. obsoletus complex, Culicoides chiopterus and Culicoides dewulfi midges as putative vector species. At Libramont in the south of Belgium, no positive pools were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- N DE Regge
- Operational Direction Viral Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - R DE Deken
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - C Fassotte
- Plant Protection and Ecotoxicology, Life Science Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - B Losson
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - I Deblauwe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Madder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - P Vantieghem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Tomme
- Plant Protection and Ecotoxicology, Life Science Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - F Smeets
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - A B Cay
- Operational Direction Viral Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
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Host preferences and circadian rhythm of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), vectors of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses in Senegal. Acta Trop 2015; 149:239-45. [PMID: 26099680 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
African horse sickness- and bluetongue virus are orbiviruses transmitted by Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to horses and to ruminants, respectively. Since the last epizootic outbreak of African horse sickness in 2007 in Senegal, extensive investigations have been undertaken to improve our knowledge on Culicoides species involved locally in the transmission of the virus. The purpose of this study was to compare and quantify the host preferences of potential vectors of these orbiviruses on horse and sheep and to study their circadian rhythm. We found that Culicoides oxystoma and species of the sub-genus Avaritia (Culicoides imicola, Culicoides bolitinos and Culicoides pseudopallidipennis) had a preference for horse when compared to sheep (the predicted ratio between horse and sheep was 80 for C. oxystoma and 26 for C. imicola), and were mostly crepuscular: C. oxystoma had continuous activity throughout the diel with peaks in numbers collected after sunrise and sunset, while C. imicola was mostly nocturnal with peak after sunset. Unexpectedly, species of the subgenus Lasiohelea was also collected during this study. This diurnal biting species was a nuisance pest for both animal species used as bait.
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Mathew C, Klevar S, Elbers ARW, van der Poel WHM, Kirkland PD, Godfroid J, Mdegela RH, Mwamengele G, Stokstad M. Detection of serum neutralizing antibodies to Simbu sero-group viruses in cattle in Tanzania. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:208. [PMID: 26276442 PMCID: PMC4536799 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthobunyaviruses belonging to the Simbu sero-group occur worldwide, including the newly recognized Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in Europe. These viruses cause congenital malformations and reproductive losses in ruminants. Information on the presence of these viruses in Africa is scarce and the origin of SBV is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of antibodies against SBV and closely related viruses in cattle in Tanzania, and their possible association with reproductive disorders. Results In a cross-sectional study, serum from 659 cattle from 202 herds collected in 2012/2013 were analyzed using a commercial kit for SBV ELISA, and 61 % were positive. Univariable logistic regression revealed significant association between ELISA seropositivity and reproductive disorders (OR = 1.9). Sera from the same area collected in 2008/2009, before the SBV epidemic in Europe, were also tested and 71 (54.6 %) of 130 were positive. To interpret the ELISA results, SBV virus neutralization test (VNT) was performed on 110 sera collected in 2012/2013, of which 51 % were positive. Of 71 sera from 2008/2009, 21 % were positive. To investigate potential cross reactivity with related viruses, 45 sera from 2012/2013 that were positive in SBV ELISA were analyzed in VNTs for Aino, Akabane, Douglas, Peaton, Sabo, SBV, Sathuperi, Shamonda, Simbu and Tinaroo viruses. All 45 sera were positive for one or more of these viruses. Twenty-nine sera (64.4 %) were positive for SBV, and one had the highest titer for this virus. Conclusions This is the first indication that Aino, Akabane, Douglas, Peaton, Sabo, SBV, Sathuperi, Shamonda and Tinaroo viruses circulate and cause negative effect on reproductive performance in cattle in Tanzania. SBV or a closely related virus was present before the European epidemic. However, potential cross reactivity complicates the interpretation of serological studies in areas where several related viruses may circulate. Virus isolation and molecular characterization in cattle and/or vectors is recommended to further identify the viruses circulating in this region. However, isolation in cattle is difficult due to short viremic period of 2 to 6 days, and isolation in vectors does not necessarily reflect the situation in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coletha Mathew
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 8146, Dep 0033, Oslo, Norway. .,Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - S Klevar
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
| | - A R W Elbers
- Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - W H M van der Poel
- Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - P D Kirkland
- Elizabeth McArthur Virology Laboratory, Narellen, Australia.
| | | | - R H Mdegela
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - G Mwamengele
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - M Stokstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 8146, Dep 0033, Oslo, Norway.
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Hirashima Y, Kato T, Yamakawa M, Shirafuji H, Okano R, Yanase T. Reemergence of Ibaraki disease in southern Japan in 2013. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1253-9. [PMID: 26018356 PMCID: PMC4638292 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In Japan in 2013, two cattle in the northwestern part of Kagoshima Prefecture developed
fever and swallowing difficulty and were suspected of having Ibaraki disease. The
epizootic hemorrhagic virus (EHDV) genome was detected from diseased and asymptomatic
cattle by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). High neutralization
antibody titers to Ibaraki virus (IBAV) ranging from 1:128 to 1:1,024 were observed in the
RT-PCR-positive cattle, and the virus was isolated in one of the IBAV-positive farms. A
pairwise alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on the major outer coat protein VP2
encoded in segment 2 revealed a close relationship between the isolated viruses and
previous IBAV isolates. The phylogeny of VP2 also suggested that an IBAV variant isolated
in 1997 was distinct from IBAV and sorted into a heterogeneous serotype, EHDV serotype 7.
The findings revealed the reemergence of Ibaraki disease in Japan after a 26-year absence.
Interestingly, the co-circulation of EHDV serotype 1 with IBAV was observed in the
affected region, suggesting the potential reassortment between two heterogeneous serotypes
in the field. Sentinel surveillance in Kagoshima Prefecture indicated that the incursion
of IBAV occurred in October 2013 and that its spread was limited within the small area.
Inadequate environmental temperatures for vector transmission in late autumn might have
limited the virus spread to a wider region. The reemergence of Ibaraki disease showed us
the importance of continuous vaccination to prevent economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Hirashima
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Kagoshima 899-2201, Japan
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Fall M, Fall AG, Seck MT, Bouyer J, Diarra M, Balenghien T, Garros C, Bakhoum MT, Faye O, Baldet T, Gimonneau G. Circadian activity of Culicoides oxystoma (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), potential vector of bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses in the Niayes area, Senegal. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3151-8. [PMID: 26002826 PMCID: PMC4513201 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are important vectors of arboviruses in Africa. Culicoides oxystoma has been recently recorded in the Niayes region of Senegal (West Africa) and its high abundance on horses suggests a potential implication in the transmission of the African horse sickness virus in this region. This species is also suspected to transmit bluetongue virus to imported breeds of sheep. Little information is available on the biology and ecology of Culicoides in Africa. Therefore, understanding the circadian host-seeking activity of this putative vector is of primary importance to assess the risk of the transmission of Culicoides-borne pathogens. To achieve this objective, midges were collected using a sheep-baited trap over two consecutive 24-h periods during four seasons in 2012. A total of 441 Culicoides, belonging to nine species including 418 (94.8%) specimens of C. oxystoma, were collected. C. oxystoma presented a bimodal circadian host-seeking activity at sunrise and sunset in July and was active 3 h after sunrise in April. Daily activity appeared mainly related to time periods. Morning activity increased with the increasing temperature up to about 27 °C and then decreased with the decreasing humidity, suggesting thermal limits for C. oxystoma activity. Evening activity increased with the increasing humidity and the decreasing temperature, comprised between 20 and 27 °C according to seasons. Interestingly, males were more abundant in our sampling sessions, with similar activity periods than females, suggesting potential animal host implication in the facilitation of reproduction. Finally, the low number of C. oxystoma collected render practical vector-control recommendations difficult to provide and highlight the lack of knowledge on the bio-ecology of this species of veterinary interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route du Front de Terre, BP 2057, Dakar, Senegal
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Fall M, Diarra M, Fall AG, Balenghien T, Seck MT, Bouyer J, Garros C, Gimonneau G, Allène X, Mall I, Delécolle JC, Rakotoarivony I, Bakhoum MT, Dusom AM, Ndao M, Konaté L, Faye O, Baldet T. Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) midges, the vectors of African horse sickness virus--a host/vector contact study in the Niayes area of Senegal. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:39. [PMID: 25604465 PMCID: PMC4307892 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African horse sickness (AHS) is an equine disease endemic to Senegal. The African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is transmitted to the mammalian hosts by midges of the Culicoides Latreille genus. During the last epizootic outbreak of AHS in Senegal in 2007, 1,169 horses died from this disease entailing an estimated cost of 1.4 million euros. In spite of the serious animal health and economic implications of AHS, very little is known about determinants involved in transmission such as contact between horses and the Culicoides species suspected of being its vectors. METHODS The monthly variation in host/vector contact was determined in the Niayes area, Senegal, an area which was severely affected by the 2007 outbreak of AHS. A horse-baited trap and two suction light traps (OVI type) were set up at each of five sites for three consecutive nights every month for one year. RESULTS Of 254,338 Culicoides midges collected 209,543 (82.4%) were female and 44,795 (17.6%) male. Nineteen of the 41 species collected were new distribution records for Senegal. This increased the number of described Culicoides species found in Senegal to 53. Only 19 species, of the 41 species found in light trap, were collected in the horse-baited trap (23,669 specimens) largely dominated by Culicoides oxystoma (22,300 specimens, i.e. 94.2%) followed by Culicoides imicola (482 specimens, i.e. 2.0%) and Culicoides kingi (446 specimens, i.e. 1.9%). CONCLUSIONS Culicoides oxystoma should be considered as a potential vector of AHSV in the Niayes area of Senegal due to its abundance on horses and its role in the transmission of other Culicoides-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Fall
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, BP 5005 Senegal
| | - Maryam Diarra
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Assane G Fall
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Momar T Seck
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Allène
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Iba Mall
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Mame T Bakhoum
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ange M Dusom
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Massouka Ndao
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lassana Konaté
- />Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, BP 5005 Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- />Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, BP 5005 Senegal
| | - Thierry Baldet
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Kato T, Shirafuji H, Tanaka S, Sato M, Yamakawa M, Tsuda T, Yanase T. Bovine Arboviruses in Culicoides Biting Midges and Sentinel Cattle in Southern Japan from 2003 to 2013. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:e160-e172. [PMID: 25597441 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epizootic congenital abnormalities, encephalomyelitis and febrile illnesses in cattle caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are prevalent in Japan. Causative viruses including orthobunyaviruses, orbiviruses and rhabdovirus are thought to be transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Recently, the incursions of several arboviruses, potentially Culicoides-borne, were newly confirmed in Japan. However, their spread pattern and exact vector species are currently uncertain. Attempts to isolate arboviruses from Culicoides biting midges and sentinel cattle were conducted in Kagoshima, located at the southernmost end of the main islands of Japan, a potentially high-risk area for incursion of arboviral diseases and outbreak of endemic ones. Seventy-eight isolates comprising Akabane, Peaton and Sathuperi viruses of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae, bluetongue virus serotype 16, D'Aguilar virus, Bunyip Creek virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 of the genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae, a potentially novel rhabdovirus of the genus Ephemerovirus and unidentified orbivirus-like viruses were obtained from Culicoides biting midges and sentinel cattle between 2003 and 2013. Akabane, Sathuperi, D'Aguilar and Bunyip Creek viruses were selectively isolated from Culicoides oxystoma, suggesting this vector's responsibility for these arbovirus outbreaks. The results of virus isolation also implied that C. tainanus, C. jacobsoni and C. punctatus are competent for the transmission of bluetongue virus serotype 16, Peaton virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1, respectively. Our monitoring in Culicoides biting midges and sentinel cattle detected the circulation of Akabane virus just prior to the accumulations of bovine congenital abnormalities and encephalomyelitis by it around study sites in 2003, 2006, 2008 and 2013. Silent circulations of the other arboviruses, including potentially new viruses, were also detected during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kato
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - H Shirafuji
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Sato
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Yamakawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Tsuda
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Bunyavirus-vector interactions. Viruses 2014; 6:4373-97. [PMID: 25402172 PMCID: PMC4246228 DOI: 10.3390/v6114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bunyaviridae family is comprised of more than 350 viruses, of which many within the Hantavirus, Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, Tospovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are significant human or agricultural pathogens. The viruses within the Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, such as mosquitoes, midges, flies, and ticks, and their associated arthropods not only serve as vectors but also as virus reservoirs in many cases. This review presents an overview of several important emerging or re-emerging bunyaviruses and describes what is known about bunyavirus-vector interactions based on epidemiological, ultrastructural, and genetic studies of members of this virus family.
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Kim YH, Oem JK, Lee EY, Lee KK, Kim SH, Lee MH, Park SC. Seroprevalence of five arboviruses in sentinel cattle as part of nationwide surveillance in South Korea, 2009-2012. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:247-50. [PMID: 25342637 PMCID: PMC4363032 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the possible circulation of arboviruses in South Korea, nationwide surveillance of five arbovirues was conducted in sentinel calves during 2009−2012. We used serum neutralization tests to investigate the presence of antibodies for the Aino virus, Akabane virus, bovine ephemeral fever virus, Chuzan virus and Ibaraki virus. In 2009, 2011 and 2012, the seropositive rates for these five arboviruses were all less than 14.1%. In 2010, however, the seropositive rates for Aino virus and Akabane virus were 33.2% and 40.2%, respectively. High seropositive rates were also associated with a large-scale outbreak of Akabane viral encephalomyelitis in cattle in southern Korea in 2010. Continued seroprevalence surveillance will be useful for monitoring natural arboviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang 430-757, Republic of Korea
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Diarra M, Fall M, Fall AG, Diop A, Seck MT, Garros C, Balenghien T, Allène X, Rakotoarivony I, Lancelot R, Mall I, Bakhoum MT, Dosum AM, Ndao M, Bouyer J, Guis H. Seasonal dynamics of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges, potential vectors of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses in the Niayes area of Senegal. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:147. [PMID: 24690198 PMCID: PMC3973751 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The African horse sickness epizootic in Senegal in 2007 caused considerable mortality in the equine population and hence major economic losses. The vectors involved in the transmission of this arbovirus have never been studied specifically in Senegal. This first study of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species, potential vectors of African horse sickness in Senegal, was conducted at five sites (Mbao, Parc Hann, Niague, Pout and Thies) in the Niayes area, which was affected by the outbreak. Methods Two Onderstepoort light traps were used at each site for three nights of consecutive collection per month over one year to measure the apparent abundance of the Culicoides midges. Results In total, 224,665 specimens belonging to at least 24 different species (distributed among 11 groups of species) of the Culicoides genus were captured in 354 individual collections. Culicoides oxystoma, Culicoides kingi, Culicoides imicola, Culicoides enderleini and Culicoides nivosus were the most abundant and most frequent species at the collection sites. Peaks of abundance coincide with the rainy season in September and October. Conclusions In addition to C. imicola, considered a major vector for the African horse sickness virus, C. oxystoma may also be involved in the transmission of this virus in Senegal given its abundance in the vicinity of horses and its suspected competence for other arboviruses including bluetongue virus. This study depicted a site-dependent spatial variability in the dynamics of the populations of the five major species in relation to the eco-climatic conditions at each site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Diarra
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal.
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Kim HC, Bellis GA, Kim MS, Klein TA, Chong ST, Park JY. Seasonal abundance of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected by mosquito Magnet® in Northern Gyeonggi-do (Province), Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:57-62. [PMID: 24623883 PMCID: PMC3948995 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biting midges (Culicoides: Ceratopogonidae) were collected by Mosquito Magnet® traps at the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) camp and Daeseongdong village inside the demilitarized zone (DMZ) and near the military demarcation line (MDL) separating North and South Korea and at Warrior Base (US Army training site) and Tongilchon 3 km south of the DMZ in northern Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea (ROK), from May-October 2010-2012, to determine their seasonal distributions. A total of 18,647 Culicoides females (18,399; 98.7%) and males (248; 1.3%) comprising 16 species were collected. Overall, the most commonly collected species was Culicoides nipponensis (42.9%), followed by C. erairai (29.2%), C. punctatus (20.3%), C. arakawae (3.3%), C. pallidulus (1.8%), and C. circumscriptus (1.4%), while the remaining 10 species accounted for only 1.1% of all Culicoides spp. collected. The seasonal distribution of C. nipponensis was bimodal, with high numbers collected during May-June and again during September. C. erairai was more frequently collected during June-July, followed by sharply decreased populations from August-October. C. punctatus was collected in low numbers from May-September with high numbers collected during October. C. erairai was predominantly collected from the NNSC camp (85.1% of all C. erairai collected) located adjacent to the MDL at Panmunjeom in the northernmost part of Gyeonggi-do (Province), while other sites yielded low numbers of specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung Chul Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247, USA
| | - Glenn A Bellis
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy (NAQS), PO Box 37846, Winnellie, Northern Territory 0821, Australia
| | - Myung-Soon Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Terry A Klein
- Public Health Command Region-Pacific, Camp Zama, Japan, Address: 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96205-5281, USA
| | - Sung-Tae Chong
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247, USA
| | - Jee-Yong Park
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
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De Regge N, Madder M, Deblauwe I, Losson B, Fassotte C, Demeulemeester J, Smeets F, Tomme M, Cay AB. Schmallenberg virus circulation in culicoides in Belgium in 2012: field validation of a real time RT-PCR approach to assess virus replication and dissemination in midges. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87005. [PMID: 24466312 PMCID: PMC3900700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigenous Culicoides biting midges are suggested to be putative vectors for the recently emerged Schmallenberg virus (SBV) based on SBV RNA detection in field-caught midges. Furthermore, SBV replication and dissemination has been evidenced in C. sonorensis under laboratory conditions. After SBV had been detected in Culicoides biting midges from Belgium in August 2011, it spread all over the country by the end of 2011, as evidenced by very high between-herd seroprevalence rates in sheep and cattle. This study investigated if a renewed SBV circulation in midges occurred in 2012 in the context of high seroprevalence in the animal host population and evaluated if a recently proposed realtime RT-PCR approach that is meant to allow assessing the vector competence of Culicoides for SBV and bluetongue virus under laboratory conditions was applicable to field-caught midges. Therefore midges caught with 12 OVI traps in four different regions in Belgium between May and November 2012, were morphologically identified, age graded, pooled and tested for the presence of SBV RNA by realtime RT-PCR. The results demonstrate that although no SBV could be detected in nulliparous midges caught in May 2012, a renewed but short lived circulation of SBV in parous midges belonging to the subgenus Avaritia occured in August 2012 at all four regions. The infection prevalence reached up to 2.86% in the south of Belgium, the region where a lower seroprevalence was found at the end of 2011 than in the rest of the country. Furthermore, a frequency analysis of the Ct values obtained for 31 SBV-S segment positive pools of Avaritia midges showed a clear bimodal distribution with peaks of Ct values between 21–24 and 33–36. This closely resembles the laboratory results obtained for SBV infection of C. sonorensis and implicates indigenous midges belonging to the subgenus Avaritia as competent vectors for SBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick De Regge
- Operational Direction Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVA, Brussel, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Maxime Madder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Isra Deblauwe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Losson
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christiane Fassotte
- Life Science Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Center (CRA-W), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julie Demeulemeester
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - François Smeets
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Tomme
- Life Science Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Center (CRA-W), Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ann Brigitte Cay
- Operational Direction Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVA, Brussel, Belgium
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First record of Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer and diversity of species within the Schultzei group of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges in Senegal. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84316. [PMID: 24386366 PMCID: PMC3875552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Schultzei group of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is distributed throughout Africa to northern Asia and Australasia and includes several potential vector species of livestock pathogens. The taxonomy of the species belonging to this species group is confounded by the wide geographical distribution and morphological variation exhibited by many species. In this work, morphological and molecular approaches were combined to assess the taxonomic validity of the species and morphological variants of the Schultzei group found in Senegal by comparing their genetic diversity with that of specimens from other geographical regions. The species list for Senegal was updated with four species: Culicoides kingi, C. oxystoma, C. enderleini and C. nevilli being recorded. This is the first record of C. oxystoma from Africa south of Sahara, and its genetic relationship with samples from Israel, Japan and Australia is presented. This work provides a basis for ecological studies of the seasonal and spatial dynamics of species of this species group that will contribute to better understanding of the epidemiology of the viruses they transmit.
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Yanase T, Matsumoto Y, Matsumori Y, Aizawa M, Hirata M, Kato T, Shirafuji H, Yamakawa M, Tsuda T, Noda H. Molecular identification of field-collected Culicoides larvae in the southern part of Japan. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 50:1105-1110. [PMID: 24180116 DOI: 10.1603/me11235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although Culicoides biting midges act as a vector of important human and domestic animal diseases, their ecology is poorly understood. The lack of proper identification systems of Culicoides larvae is one of the main obstacles to progress in research. Based on mitochondrial sequences of 19 Japanese Culicoides species, we designed a universal primer set to amplify the partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox 1). The polymerase chain reaction product amplified from extracted DNA of Culicoides larvae using the primer set was directly sequenced, and species identification based on the variation at cox1 was conducted. Using the molecular identification system, we sorted 243 specimens of field-collected larvae from the southern part of Japan into 10 species including Culicoides arakawae (Arakawa), Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer, and Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer, which are regarded as vectors of important livestock animal diseases. Eight species of Culicoides larvae, including C. arakawae and C. oxystoma, were recovered from active paddy fields and an abandoned paddy field. The result suggests that paddy fields contribute to breeding a variety of Culicoides species and maintenance and spread of Culicoides-borne pathogens. In contrast, larvae of C. brevitarsis were collected from cattle dung in pastures. The molecular identification system described herein using nucleotide sequences successfully achieved larval identification and will be useful for a better understanding of larval habitats of Culicoides biting midges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 2702, Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan.
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Larska M, Lechowski L, Grochowska M, Żmudziński JF. Detection of the Schmallenberg virus in nulliparous Culicoides obsoletus/scoticus complex and C. punctatus--the possibility of transovarial virus transmission in the midge population and of a new vector. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:467-73. [PMID: 23928121 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The arthropod-borne Schmallenberg virus (SBV) emerged in Europe in the late summer/autumn of 2011. SBV spread across the continent until 2012. This paper presents SBV detection in female Culicoides spp. caught in UV traps located in 23 different locations in Poland. The midges were divided into pools containing 20.5 individual insects on average according to species and parity status. The study was based on duplex real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for the detection of the SBV S segment and culicoid 18S gene fragments. Forty-four out of 402 midge pools tested (10.9%) were found to be positive for the presence of viral RNA. The SBV positive Culicoides came from 10 traps spread randomly across the country and were collected between August and October 2012. The timing of the SBV positive midge collections and the locations of the traps corresponded to the epizootic situation of SBV in ruminants. SBV RNA was most frequently identified in gravid midges (36.4%), while in nulliparous, blood-fed and parous midges the percentages were 10.8% 13.0% and 8.1%, respectively. The majority (82%) of SBV positive pools belonged to Culicoides obsoletus/scoticus complex; however, viral RNA was also found in 8 out of the 149 (5.4%) Culicoides punctatus pools tested. While no statistical differences in the Ct values between different parity groups were found, the bimodal distribution observed at the Ct frequency plots suggested active SBV replication, especially in parous and gravid midge females, and sub-transmissible infection in nulliparous and blood-fed insects. The most important findings included identification of C. punctatus as a new possible vector of SBV and the recovery of viral RNA from the nulliparous females which may suggest transovarial transmission in C. obsoletus/scoticus complex and C. punctatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Larska
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
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Veronesi E, Henstock M, Gubbins S, Batten C, Manley R, Barber J, Hoffmann B, Beer M, Attoui H, Mertens PPC, Carpenter S. Implicating Culicoides biting midges as vectors of Schmallenberg virus using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57747. [PMID: 23520481 PMCID: PMC3592918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent unprecedented emergence of arboviruses transmitted by Culicoides biting midges in northern Europe has necessitated the development of techniques to differentiate competent vector species. At present these techniques are entirely reliant upon interpretation of semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqPCR) data in the form of Cq values used to infer the presence of viral RNA in samples. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This study investigates the advantages and limitations of sqPCR in this role by comparing infection and dissemination rates of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in two colony lines of Culicoides. Through the use of these behaviorally malleable lines we provide tools for demarcating arbovirus infection and dissemination rates in Culicoides which to date have prevented clear implication of primary vector species in northern Europe. The study demonstrates biological transmission of SBV in an arthropod vector, supporting the conclusions from field-caught Culicoides and provides a general framework for future assessment of vector competence of Culicoides for arboviruses using sqPCR. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE When adopting novel diagnostic technologies, correctly implicating vectors of arboviral pathogens requires a coherent laboratory framework to fully understand the implications of results produced in the field. This study illustrates these difficulties and provides a full examination of sqPCR in this role for the Culicoides-arbovirus system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Veronesi
- VVD Program, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Henstock
- VVD Program, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gubbins
- VVD Program, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie Batten
- VVD Program, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Manley
- VVD Program, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - James Barber
- VVD Program, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Houssam Attoui
- VVD Program, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon Carpenter
- VVD Program, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Oem J, Lee K, Kim H, Bae Y, Chung J, Lee O, Roh I. Bovine Epizootic Encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane Virus Infection in Korea. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:101-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Molecular identification, phylogenetic status, and geographic distribution of Culicoides oxystoma (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Israel. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33610. [PMID: 22438964 PMCID: PMC3306425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Culicoides oxystoma (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is an important vector species, reported mainly from Asia, with high potential to transmit viral diseases affecting livestock. In Japan, many arboviruses have been isolated from C. oxystoma, suggesting it as a key player in the epidemiology of several Culicoides-borne diseases. Over the years, C. oxystoma has also been reported in the Middle East region, including Israel. In this region, however, C. oxystoma cannot be easily distinguished morphologically from its sibling species included in the Culicoides schultzei complex. We therefore used genomic data for species identification and phylogeny resolution. Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) showed that C. oxystoma from Israel is closely related to C. oxystoma from Japan. Using differential probing PCR, we showed that C. oxystoma is distributed all over the country, especially in Mediterranean climate regions. Culicoides oxystoma is less common or even absent in arid regions, while the other genetic cluster of C. schultzei complex was found only in the east of the country (mostly arid and semiarid regions). The molecular finding of C. oxystoma in wide geographical regions, together with its high proportion in the general Culicoides population and its vectoring potential, imply that it may be an important vector species in the Middle East.
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