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Li X, Bazer FW, Johnson GA, Burghardt RC, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with L-citrulline improves placental angiogenesis and embryonic survival in gilts. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:702-711. [PMID: 37012677 PMCID: PMC10408550 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231157943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted with gilts as an animal model to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with L-citrulline (Cit) improves placental angiogenesis and embryonic survival. Between Days 14 and 25 of gestation, each gilt was fed a corn- and soybean-meal-based diet (2 kg/day) supplemented with 0.4% Cit or an isonitrogenous amount of L-alanine (Control). On Day 25 of gestation, gilts were hysterectomized to obtain conceptuses. Amniotic and allantoic fluids and placentae were analyzed for NOx [stable oxidation products of nitric oxide (NO)], polyamines, and amino acids (AAs). Placentae were also analyzed for syntheses of NO and polyamines; concentrations of AAs and related metabolites; and the expression of angiogenic factors and aquaporins (AQPs). Compared to the control group, Cit supplementation increased (P < 0.01) the number of viable fetuses by 2.0 per litter, the number and diameter of placental blood vessels (21% and 24%, respectively), placental weight (15%), and total allantoic and amniotic fluid volumes (20% and 47%, respectively). Cit supplementation also increased (P < 0.01) enzymatic activities of GTP-cyclohydrolase-1 (32%) and ornithine decarboxylase (27%) in placentae; syntheses of NO (29%) and polyamines (26%); concentrations of NOx (19%), tetrahydrobiopterin (28%), polyamines (22%), cAMP (26%), and cGMP (24%) in placentae; total amounts of NOx (22-40%), polyamines (23-40%), AAs (16-255%), glucose (22-44%), and fructose (22-43%) in allantoic and amniotic fluids. Furthermore, Cit supplementation increased (P < 0.05) placental mRNA levels for angiogenic factors (eNOS [84%], GTP-CH1 [55%], PGF [61%], VEGFA120 [26%], and VEGFR2 [137%], as well as AQPs - AQP1 [105%], AQP3 [53%], AQP5 [77%], AQP8 [57%], and AQP9 [31%]). Collectively, dietary Cit supplementation enhanced placental NO and polyamine syntheses as well as angiogenesis to improve conceptus development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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Mangu SR, Patel K, Sukhdeo SV, Savitha MR, Sharan K. Maternal high cholesterol diet negatively programs offspring bone development and downregulates hedgehog signaling in osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102324. [PMID: 35931113 PMCID: PMC9440389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is one of the essential intrauterine factors required for fetal growth and development. Maternal high cholesterol levels are known to be detrimental for offspring health. However, its long-term effect on offspring skeletal development remains to be elucidated. We performed our studies in two strains of mice (C57BL6/J and Swiss Albino) and human subjects (65 mother–female newborn dyads) to understand the regulation of offspring skeletal growth by maternal high cholesterol. We found that mice offspring from high-cholesterol-fed dams had low birth weight, smaller body length, and delayed skeletal ossification at the E18.5 embryonic stage. Moreover, we observed that the offspring did not recover from the reduced skeletal mass and exhibited a low bone mass phenotype throughout their life. We attributed this effect to reduced osteoblast cell activity with a concomitant increase in the osteoclast cell population. Our investigation of the molecular mechanism revealed that offspring from high-cholesterol-fed dams had a decrease in the expression of ligands and proteins involved in hedgehog signaling. Further, our cross-sectional study of human subjects showed a significant inverse correlation between maternal blood cholesterol levels and cord blood bone formation markers. Moreover, the bone formation markers were significantly lower in the female newborns of hypercholesterolemic mothers compared with mothers with normal cholesterolemic levels. Together, our results suggest that maternal high cholesterol levels deleteriously program offspring bone mass and bone quality and downregulate the hedgehog signaling pathway in their osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svvs Ravi Mangu
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kalpana Patel
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shinde Vijay Sukhdeo
- Department of Meat and Marine Sciences, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - M R Savitha
- Department of Paediatrics, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Kunal Sharan
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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3
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Elmetwally MA, Li X, Johnson GA, Burghardt RC, Herring CM, Kramer AC, Meininger CJ, Bazer FW, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine between days 14 and 25 of gestation enhances NO and polyamine syntheses and the expression of angiogenic proteins in porcine placentae. Amino Acids 2021; 54:193-204. [PMID: 34741684 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with 0.4 or 0.8% L-arginine (Arg) to gilts between days 14 and 25 of gestation enhances embryonic survival and vascular development in placentae; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that Arg supplementation stimulated placental expression of mRNAs and proteins that enhance angiogenesis, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PGF), GTP cyclohydrolase-I (GTP-CH1), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2). Beginning on the day of breeding, gilts were fed daily 2 kg of a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0.0 (control), 0.4, or 0.8% Arg. On day 25 of gestation, gilts were hysterectomized to obtain uteri and conceptuses for histochemical and biochemical analyses. eNOS and VEGFR1 proteins were localized to endothelial cells of maternal uterine blood vessels and to the uterine luminal epithelium, respectively. Compared with the control, dietary supplementation with 0.4 or 0.8% Arg increased (P < 0.05) the amounts of nitrite plus nitrate (NOx; oxidation products of NO) and polyamines in allantoic and amniotic fluids, concentrations of NOx, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, an essential cofactor for all NOS isoforms) and polyamines in placentae, as well as placental protein abundances of GTP-CH1 (the key enzyme for BH4 production) and ODC1 (the key enzyme for polyamine synthesis). Placental mRNA levels for GTP-CH1, eNOS, PGF, VEGF, and VEGFR2 increased in response to both 0.4% and 0.8% Arg supplementation. Collectively, these results indicate that dietary Arg supplementation to gilts between days 14 and 25 of pregnancy promotes placental angiogenesis by increasing the expression of mRNAs and proteins for angiogenic factors as well as NO and polyamine syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Elmetwally
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xilong Li
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Cassandra M Herring
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Avery C Kramer
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | | | - Fuller W Bazer
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Ogilvie AR, Watford M, Wu G, Sukumar D, Kwon J, Shapses SA. Decreased fasting serum glucogenic amino acids with a higher compared to normal protein diet during energy restriction in women: a randomized controlled trial. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1467-1472. [PMID: 34338883 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary protein alters circulating amino acid (AAs) levels and higher protein intake (HP) is one means of losing weight. We examined 34 overweight and obese women (57 ± 4 years) during 6 months of energy restriction (7.3 ± 3.8% weight loss) divided into groups consuming either normal protein (NP; 18.6 energy% protein) or HP (24.3 energy% protein). There was a reduction in fasting serum glucogenic AAs (p = 0.015) that also associated with greater weight loss (p < 0.05) in the HP group, but not in the NP group. These findings have implications for nutrient prioritization during energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ogilvie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M Watford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - G Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - D Sukumar
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - S A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-RWJ Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Gurugubelli KR, Ballambattu VB, Bobby Z. Global DNA Methylation in Cord Blood and Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 18 Months of Age among Intrauterine Growth Restricted and Appropriate for Gestational Age Infants. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:6024571. [PMID: 33277909 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with faltered growth and development later in life. Alteration in DNA methylation may occur among IUGR babies and it can have bearing on the outcome. OBJECTIVES To compare the DNA methylation in the cord blood among IUGR and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies and find it is association with their neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months of age. METHODOLOGY Genomic DNA methylation among 40 IUGR and equal number of AGA neonates was estimated by using 5-mC ELISA kit in the cord blood. Infants were assessed at birth and their anthropometric measurements were taken. They were regularly followed up and assessed for neurodevelopment outcome till 18 months of age using DASII (Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants). DNA methylation was correlated with neurodevelopmental outcome. Numbers and percentages were used for categorical data. Mean and SD were used for continuous variables. The significant mean difference between IUGR and AGA was determined by independent Student t-test. To study the association between the DNA methylation and outcome, Spearman correlation was used. A p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Significant difference in DNA methylation was observed between IUGR and AGA infants (IUGR: 3.12 ± 1.24; AGA: 4.40 ± 2.03; p < 0.001). Anthropometry (weight, length and head circumference) at birth was significantly decreased among IUGR infants. Hospital stay was significantly longer for IUGR infants. Motor (IUGR: 89.98 ± 18.77; AGA: 101.75 ± 9.62; p < 0.001), and mental (IUGR: 90.81 ± 11.13; AGA: 105.71 ± 7.20; p < 0.001) scores were significantly decreased among IUGR compared with AGA neonates at 18 months of follow-up. Global DNA methylation had a significant positive correlation with mental score but not with motor developmental score. CONCLUSION IUGR babies had lower motor and mental score compared with AGA babies. Cord blood global DNA methylation significantly correlated with mental development score but not with motor development at 18 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Rao Gurugubelli
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India.,Neonatology, JIPMER, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Vishnu Bhat Ballambattu
- Neonatology, JIPMER, Puducherry 605006, India.,Pediatrics and Neonatology, AVMC & H, Puducherry 607403, India
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Calcaterra V, Cena H, Regalbuto C, Vinci F, Porri D, Verduci E, Mameli C, Zuccotti GV. The Role of Fetal, Infant, and Childhood Nutrition in the Timing of Sexual Maturation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020419. [PMID: 33525559 PMCID: PMC7911282 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a crucial developmental stage in the life span, necessary to achieve reproductive and somatic maturity. Timing of puberty is modulated by and responds to central neurotransmitters, hormones, and environmental factors leading to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis maturation. The connection between hormones and nutrition during critical periods of growth, like fetal life or infancy, is fundamental for metabolic adaptation response and pubertal development control and prediction. Since birth weight is an important indicator of growth estimation during fetal life, restricted prenatal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA), may impact endocrine system, affecting pubertal development. Successively, lactation along with early life optimal nutrition during infancy and childhood may be important in order to set up timing of sexual maturation and provide successful reproduction at a later time. Sexual maturation and healthy growth are also influenced by nutrition requirements and diet composition. Early nutritional surveillance and monitoring of pubertal development is recommended in all children, particularly in those at risk, such as the ones born SGA and/or IUGR, as well as in the case of sudden weight gain during infancy. Adequate macro and micronutrient intake is essential for healthy growth and sexual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); (D.P.)
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric Unit, Fond, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Federica Vinci
- Pediatric Unit, Fond, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Debora Porri
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Halloran KM, Stenhouse C, Wu G, Bazer FW. Arginine, Agmatine, and Polyamines: Key Regulators of Conceptus Development in Mammals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1332:85-105. [PMID: 34251640 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arginine is a key amino acid in pregnant females as it is the precursor for nitric oxide (NO) via nitric oxide synthase and for polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) by either arginase II and ornithine decarboxylase to putrescine or via arginine decarboxylase to agmatine and agmatine to putrescine via agmatinase. Polyamines are critical for placental growth and vascularization. Polyamines stabilize DNA and mRNA for gene transcription and mRNA translation, stimulate proliferation of trophectoderm, and formation of multinucleated trophectoderm cells that give rise to giant cells in the placentae of species such as mice. Polyamines activate MTOR cell signaling to stimulate protein synthesis and they are important for motility through modification of beta-catenin phosphorylation, integrin signaling via focal adhesion kinases, cytoskeletal organization, and invasiveness or superficial implantation of blastocysts. Physiological levels of arginine, agmatine, and polyamines are critical to the secretion of interferon tau for pregnancy recognition in ruminants. Arginine, polyamines, and agmatine are very abundant in fetal fluids, fetal blood, and tissues of the conceptus during gestation. The polyamines are thus available to influence a multitude of events including activation of development of blastocysts, implantation, placentation, fetal growth, and development required for the successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Halloran
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Claire Stenhouse
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Shehata NAA, Ali HAA, Fahim AS, Katta MA, Hussein GK. Addition of sildenafil citrate for treatment of severe intrauterine growth restriction: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 33:1631-1637. [PMID: 30345864 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1523892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Severe intrauterine growth restriction complicates approximately 0.4% of the pregnancies. It increases the risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality.Subjects and methods: A double blind placebo controlled trial was conducted in Beni Suef University hospitals during 2017. It included 46 pregnant women with severe intrauterine growth restriction. Women were randomly allocated into two groups each included 23 patients. Intervention group received sildenafil citrate 20 mg orally three times a day, in addition to fish oil and zinc supplementation. Control group received tablets similar to sildenafil and the same treatment as intervention group. Primary outcomes included improvement in umbilical and middle cerebral arteries pulsatility indices and abdominal circumference.Results: Umbilical and middle cerebral arteries Doppler indices showed significant difference between groups after intake of sildenafil. Umbilical artery pulsatility index decreased significantly (p value = .001) while middle cerebral artery pulsatility index increased significantly in intervention group (p value0.001). Moreover, abdominal circumference growth velocity improved after two weeks of sildenafil intake (p value = .001).Conclusions: Sildenafil citrate may improve uteroplacental and fetal cerebral perfusion in pregnancies complicated by severe intrauterine growth restriction. It also improves abdominal circumference growth velocity. A wide scale randomized trials are needed for evaluation of neonatal and long term morbidity and mortality outcomes of pregnancies treated by sildenafil citrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamada A A Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beni-Suef University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S Fahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beni-Suef University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Katta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beni-Suef University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gaber K Hussein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beni-Suef University, Cairo, Egypt
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Moreira RHR, Pérez Palencia JY, Moita VHC, Caputo LSS, Saraiva A, Andretta I, Ferreira RA, Abreu MLT. Variability of piglet birth weights: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:657-666. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alysson Saraiva
- Department of Animal Science Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa Brazil
| | - Inês Andretta
- Department of Animal Science Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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Duan Y, Zhao Y, Zhu Q, Cai Q, Li H, Yin Y, Wang Z, Kong X. Dietary nutrient levels alter the metabolism of arginine family amino acids in the conceptus of Huanjiang mini-pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2132-2139. [PMID: 30298626 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arginine family amino acids (AFAAs) exert important roles in the metabolism, growth and development of the conceptus. However, to date, few studies have investigated the effects of maternal nutrient levels on the concentrations and metabolism of AFAAs in the conceptus. RESULTS Compared to low nutrient diets, high nutrient diets increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of citrulline and proline (Pro) in plasma; the concentrations of arginine, glutamine, Pro and ornithine (Orn) in the amniotic fluid; and the concentrations of all detected AFAAs in the allantoic fluid, which were most pronounced on day 45 of pregnancy. High nutrient diets upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of arginase I (Arg I), Pro oxidase and spermidine synthetase (SRM) in the fetal placenta, as well as Arg II, SRM and spermine synthetase (SMS) expression in the fetal liver (most pronounced on day 45 of pregnancy). The same effect was observed for mRNA expression of NO synthase and Orn aminotransferase (OAT), mainly on day 110 of pregnancy, and for mRNA expression of Arg I, Arg II, OAT, Orn decarboxylase and SMS throughout pregnancy. High nutrient diets upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of Y+ L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) and cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) in the fetal jejunum throughout pregnancy. Dietary treatments did not affect (P > 0.05) mRNA expression of Y+ LAT1, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) and CAT1 in the fetal placenta, skeletal muscle and colon. CONCLUSION High nutrient diets increased the concentration and transport of AFAAs in the mothers and conceptus, which likely improves growth and development of the conceptus. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoli Cai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanbin Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
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11
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Sun S, Wu Y, Yu H, Su Y, Ren M, Zhu J, Ge X. Serum biochemistry, liver histology and transcriptome profiling of bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis following different dietary protein levels. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:832-839. [PMID: 30572126 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary protein plays a major role in determining the rate of fish growth and overall health. Given that the liver is an important organ for metabolism and detoxification, we hypothesized that optimal dietary protein levels may benefit liver function. Herein, we investigated the effects of dietary protein level on serum biochemistry, liver histology and transcriptome profiling of juvenile bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis fed for 8 weeks on a diet supplemented with high protein (HP, 40%), low protein (LP, 24%) or optimal protein (OP, 32%; controls). The results revealed a significant change in liver morphology in LP and HP groups compared with the OP group, coupled with increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the liver transcriptome yielded 47 million high-quality reads using an Illumina platform, which were de novo assembled into 80,777 unique transcript fragments (unigenes) with an average length of 1021 bp. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis identified 878 and 733 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) in liver in response to LP and HP diets, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs identified immune and metabolism-related pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, NF-κB signaling, complement and coagulation, peroxisome, nitrogen metabolism, PPAR signaling, and glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. Transcriptome profiling results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR for 16 selected DEGs. The findings expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of dietary protein level on liver function in bighead carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Han Yu
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Yanli Su
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
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12
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Grandvuillemin I, Buffat C, Boubred F, Lamy E, Fromonot J, Charpiot P, Simoncini S, Sabatier F, Dignat-George F, Peyter AC, Simeoni U, Yzydorczyk C. Arginase upregulation and eNOS uncoupling contribute to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in a rat model of intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R509-R520. [PMID: 29741931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00354.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, notably hypertension (HTN). Alterations in the vascular system, particularly impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, may play an important role in long-term effects of IUGR. Whether such vascular dysfunction precedes HTN has not been fully established in individuals born after IUGR. Moreover, the intimate mechanisms of altered endothelium-dependent vasodilation remain incompletely elucidated. We therefore investigated, using a rat model of IUGR, whether impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation precedes the development of HTN and whether key components of the l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway are involved in its pathogenesis. Pregnant rats were fed with a control (CTRL, 23% casein) or low-protein diet (LPD, 9% casein) to induce IUGR. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography in 5- and 8-wk-old male offspring. Aortic rings were isolated to investigate relaxation to acetylcholine, NO production, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein content, arginase activity, and superoxide anion production. SBP was not different at 5 wk but significantly increased in 8-wk-old offspring of maternal LPD (LP) versus CTRL offspring. In 5-wk-old LP versus CTRL males, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was significantly impaired but restored by preincubation with l-arginine or the arginase inhibitor S-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cysteine; NO production was significantly reduced but restored by l-arginine pretreatment; total eNOS protein, dimer-to-monomer ratio, and arginase activity were significantly increased; superoxide anion production was significantly enhanced but normalized by pretreatment with the NO synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine. In this model, IUGR leads to early-impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, resulting from arginase upregulation and eNOS uncoupling, which precedes the development of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Grandvuillemin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Neonatology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Buffat
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales, Emergentes, Laboratory of Biochimical and Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APHM, CHU la Conception, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Farid Boubred
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Neonatology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Edouard Lamy
- CNRS, Inst Movement Sci (ISM); Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques, APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Fromonot
- UMR MD2 and Institute of Biological Research French Defense Ministry (IRBA), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Charpiot
- CNRS, Inst Movement Sci (ISM); Service Central de la Qualité et de l'Information Pharmaceutiques, APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Stephanie Simoncini
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Christine Peyter
- Neonatal Research Laboratory, Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Simeoni
- Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Laboratory, Division of Pediatrics, Department Woman-Mother-Child, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Yzydorczyk
- Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Laboratory, Division of Pediatrics, Department Woman-Mother-Child, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Koo BH, Yi BG, Wang WK, Ko IY, Hoe KL, Kwon YG, Won MH, Kim YM, Lim HK, Ryoo S. Arginase Inhibition Suppresses Native Low-Density Lipoprotein-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by NADPH Oxidase Inactivation. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:366-375. [PMID: 29611398 PMCID: PMC5889988 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.3.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL) stimulation is dependent on superoxide production from activated NADPH oxidase. The present study aimed to investigate whether the novel arginase inhibitor limonin could suppress nLDL-induced VSMC proliferation and to examine related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated VSMCs from rat aortas were treated with nLDL, and cell proliferation was measured by WST-1 and BrdU assays. NADPH oxidase activation was evaluated by lucigenin-induced chemiluminescence, and phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) βII and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was determined by western blot analysis. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed using MitoSOX-red, and intracellular L-arginine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the presence or absence of limonin. RESULTS Limonin inhibited arginase I and II activity in the uncompetitive mode, and prevented nLDL-induced VSMC proliferation in a p21Waf1/Cip1-dependent manner without affecting arginase protein levels. Limonin blocked PKCβII phosphorylation, but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and translocation of p47phox to the membrane was decreased, as was superoxide production in nLDL-stimulated VSMCs. Moreover, mitochondrial ROS generation was increased by nLDL stimulation and blocked by preincubation with limonin. Mitochondrial ROS production was responsible for the phosphorylation of PKCβII. HPLC analysis showed that arginase inhibition with limonin increases intracellular L-arginine concentrations, but decreases polyamine concentrations. L-Arginine treatment prevented PKCβII phosphorylation without affecting ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Increased L-arginine levels following limonin-dependent arginase inhibition prohibited NADPH oxidase activation in a PKCβII-dependent manner, and blocked nLDL-stimulated VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon Hyeock Koo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Bong Gu Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Wi Kwang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - In Young Ko
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kwang Lae Hoe
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Moo Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyo Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
| | - Sungwoo Ryoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
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14
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Roberts VHJ, Lo JO, Lewandowski KS, Blundell P, Grove KL, Kroenke CD, Sullivan EL, Roberts CT, Frias AE. Adverse Placental Perfusion and Pregnancy Outcomes in a New Nonhuman Primate Model of Gestational Protein Restriction. Reprod Sci 2018; 25:110-119. [PMID: 28443480 PMCID: PMC5993074 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117704907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Maternal malnutrition during pregnancy impacts fetal growth, with developmental consequences that extend to later life outcomes. In underdeveloped countries, this malnutrition typically takes the form of poor dietary protein content and quality, even if adequate calories are consumed. Here, we report the establishment of a nonhuman primate model of gestational protein restriction (PR) in order to understand how placental function and pregnancy outcomes are affected by protein deficiency. Rhesus macaques were assigned to either a control diet containing 26% protein or switched to a 13% PR diet prior to conception and maintained on this PR diet throughout pregnancy. Standard fetal biometry, Doppler ultrasound of uteroplacental blood flow, ultrasound-guided amniocentesis, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CE-US) to assess placental perfusion were performed mid-gestation (gestational day 85 [G85] where term is G168) and in the early third trimester (G135). Our data demonstrate that a 50% reduction in dietary protein throughout gestation results in reduced placental perfusion, fetal growth restriction, and a 50% rate of pregnancy loss. In addition, we demonstrate reduced total protein content and evidence of fetal hypoxia in the amniotic fluid. This report highlights the use of CE-US for in vivo assessment of placental vascular function. The ability to detect placental dysfunction, and thus a compromised pregnancy, early in gestation, may facilitate the development of interventional strategies to optimize clinical care and improve long-term offspring outcomes, which are future areas of study in this new model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H. J. Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate
Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Jamie O. Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katherine S. Lewandowski
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate
Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Peter Blundell
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center,
Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Kevin L. Grove
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center,
Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Christopher D. Kroenke
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon
Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University,
Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elinor L. Sullivan
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon
Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles T. Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate
Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center,
Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Antonio E. Frias
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate
Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, OR, USA
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15
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Jang YD, Ma YL, Payne RL, Lindemann MD. Amino acid composition of fetus, placenta, and uterus in gilts throughout gestation1. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:4448-4461. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Jiang WD, Xu J, Zhou XQ, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Feng L. Dietary protein levels regulated antibacterial activity, inflammatory response and structural integrity in the head kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:154-172. [PMID: 28698127 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary protein levels on disease resistance, immune function and structural integrity in the head kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 grass carp (264.11 ± 0.76 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of protein (143.1, 176.7, 217.2, 257.5, 292.2 and 322.8 g digestible protein kg-1 diet) for 8 weeks. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. The results indicated that optimal levels of dietary protein: (1) (1) increased the lysozyme (LA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities and the complement 3 (C3) and C4 contents, up-regulated antimicrobial peptides, anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitor of κBα, target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 mRNA levels, whereas down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P65, IKKβ, IKKγ, eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BP) 1 and 4E-BP2 mRNA levels in the head kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp (P < 0.05), suggesting that optimal level of dietary protein could enhance immune function in the head kidney, spleen and skin of fish; (2) increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, enhanced the glutathione content, decreased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents, and up-regulated the mRNA levels of NF-E2-related factor 2, B-cell lymphoma protein-2, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, myeloid cell leukemia-1 and tight junction complexes, whereas down-regulated Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein (Keap) 1b, cysteinyl aspartic acid-protease 3, 8, 9, Fas ligand, apoptotic protease activating factor-1, Bcl-2 associated X protein and myosin light chain kinase mRNA levels in the head kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp (P < 0.05), indicating that optimal level of dietary protein could improve structural integrity in the head kidney, spleen and skin of fish. Finally, based on the skin hemorrhage and lesion morbidity, LA activity and MDA content, the optimal levels of dietary protein for grass carp (264 g-787 g) were estimated to be 241.45 g kg-1 diet (217.68 g digestible protein kg-1 diet), 301.68 g kg-1 diet (265.48 g digestible protein kg-1 diet) and 307.84 g kg-1 diet (272.71 g digestible protein kg-1 diet), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
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17
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Abstract
Polyamines are polycationic molecules that contain two or more amino groups (-NH3 +) and are present in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Polyamines are synthesized from arginine, ornithine, and proline, and from methionine as the methyl-group donor. In the traditional pathway for polyamine synthesis, arginase converts arginine into ornithine, which is decarboxylated by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) to generate putrescine. The latter is converted to spermidine and spermine. Recent studies have indicated the existence of 'non-classical pathways' for the generation of putrescine from arginine and proline in animal cells. Specifically, arginine decarboxylase (ADC) catalyzes the conversion of arginine into agmatine, which is hydrolyzed by agmatinase (AGMAT) to form putrescine. Additionally, proline is oxidized by proline oxidase to yield pyrroline-5-carboxylate, which undergoes transamination with glutamate to produce ornithine for decarboxylation by ODC1. Intracellular production of polyamines is controlled by antizymes binding to and inactivating ODC1. Polyamines exert effects that include stimulation of cell division and proliferation, gene expression for the survival of cells, DNA and protein synthesis, regulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and cell-cell communication activity. Accordingly, polyamines are essential for early embryonic development and successful pregnancy outcome in mammals. In this paper the main concepts on the history, structure and molecular pathways of polyamines as well as their physiological role on angiogenesis, and reproductive physiology are reviewed.
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18
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Chavatte-Palmer P, Tarrade A, Kiefer H, Duranthon V, Jammes H. Breeding animals for quality products: not only genetics. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:94-111. [PMID: 27062878 DOI: 10.1071/rd15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease on the spread of non-communicable diseases is recognised by world agencies such as the United Nations and the World Health Organization. Early environmental effects on offspring phenotype also apply to domestic animals and their production traits. Herein, we show that maternal nutrition not only throughout pregnancy, but also in the periconception period can affect offspring phenotype through modifications of gametes, embryos and placental function. Because epigenetic mechanisms are key processes in mediating these effects, we propose that the study of epigenetic marks in gametes may provide additional information for domestic animal selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Tarrade
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Hélène Kiefer
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Véronique Duranthon
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Hélène Jammes
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
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19
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Dubeibe DF, Caldas-Bussiere MC, Maciel VL, Sampaio WV, Quirino CR, Gonçalves PBD, De Cesaro MP, Faes MR, Paes de Carvalho CS. L-arginine affects the IVM of cattle cumulus-oocyte complexes. Theriogenology 2016; 88:134-144. [PMID: 27743687 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is identified as a signaling molecule involved in many cellular or physiological functions, including meiotic maturation of cattle oocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of culture medium with the L-arginine (L-arg, NO synthesis precursor) in nuclear maturation of oocytes, concentrations of nitrate/nitrite, progesterone (P4), and 17β-estradiol (E2) in the culture medium; and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) intracellular concentrations in the cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) during the first hours of maturation in the presence of hemisections (HSs) of the follicular wall (control -ve). The addition of 5.0-mM L-arg increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of oocytes at the germinal vesicle breakdown stage after 7 hours of cultivation compared with control -ve. All concentrations of L-arg (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mM) increased the percentage of oocytes that reached the metaphase I (MI) at 15 hours (P < 0.05) but do not affect the progression from MI to metaphase II (P > 0.05) at 22 hours. All concentrations of L-arg tested increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of cumulus cells with plasma membrane integrity at 22 hours of cultivation. L-arginine did not change (P > 0.05) the nitrate/nitrite, P4, and E2 concentrations in relation to control -ve at any of the times tested. In immature COCs, immediately after being removed from the follicles (0 hours), the intracellular concentration of cGMP in the control -ve and treatment with 5-mM L-arg progressively decreased (P < 0.05) after the first hour of cultivation; however, COCs treated with 5.0-mM L-arg had higher concentrations of cGMP at 1 hour of cultivation (P < 0.05). The cAMP concentration of COCs supplemented or not with 5.0-mM L-arg progressively increased until 3 hours of cultivation and at, 6 hours, decreased (P < 0.05). The results show, in using this system, that (1) the mechanisms that give the oocyte the ability to restart the meiosis until MI after adding 5.0-mM L-arg do not involve changes in the concentration of nitrate/nitrite, P4, and E2 in the culture medium and (2) L-arg acts on a pathway that involves changing the cGMP concentration but does not involve changing cAMP concentration. More studies are needed to assess whether the observed effects of L-arg during IVM using this system are via NO or not and what the role is in increasing the viability of cumulus cells in the resumption and progression of meiosis until MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Dubeibe
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Breeding, State University of Norte Fluminense 'Darcy Ribeiro' (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M C Caldas-Bussiere
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Breeding, State University of Norte Fluminense 'Darcy Ribeiro' (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - V L Maciel
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Breeding, State University of Norte Fluminense 'Darcy Ribeiro' (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W V Sampaio
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Breeding, State University of Norte Fluminense 'Darcy Ribeiro' (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C R Quirino
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Breeding, State University of Norte Fluminense 'Darcy Ribeiro' (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P B D Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, Santa Maria Federal University (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M P De Cesaro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, Santa Maria Federal University (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M R Faes
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Breeding, State University of Norte Fluminense 'Darcy Ribeiro' (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C S Paes de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Breeding, State University of Norte Fluminense 'Darcy Ribeiro' (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Xu J, Wu P, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Optimal dietary protein level improved growth, disease resistance, intestinal immune and physical barrier function of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:64-87. [PMID: 27211261 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary proteins on the growth, disease resistance, intestinal immune and physical barrier functions of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 young grass carp (264.11 ± 0.76 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of protein (143.1, 176.7, 217.2, 257.5, 292.2 and 322.8 g digestible protein kg(-1) diet) for 8 weeks. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalities were recorded for 14 days. The results indicated that optimal dietary protein levels: increased the production of antibacterial components, up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitor of κBα, target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 mRNA levels, whereas down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P65, NF-κB P52, c-Rel, IκB kinase β, IκB kinase γ and eIF4E-binding proteins 2 mRNA levels in three intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05), suggesting that optimal dietary protein level could enhance fish intestinal immune barrier function; up-regulated the mRNA levels of tight junction complexes, B-cell lymphoma protein-2, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, myeloid cell leukemia-1 and NF-E2-related factor 2, and increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, whereas down-regulated myosin light chain kinase, cysteinyl aspartic acid-protease 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, fatty acid synthetase ligand, apoptotic protease activating factor-1, Bcl-2 associated X protein, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1b mRNA levels, and decreased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents in three intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05), indicating that optimal dietary protein level could improve fish intestinal physical barrier function. Finally, the optimal dietary protein levels for the growth performance (PWG) and against enteritis morbidity of young grass carp were estimated to be 286.82 g kg(-1) diet (250.66 g digestible protein kg(-1) diet) and 292.10 g kg(-1) diet (255.47 g digestible protein kg(-1) diet), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
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21
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Intracellular sources of ornithine for polyamine synthesis in endothelial cells. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2401-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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22
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Bourdon A, Parnet P, Nowak C, Tran NT, Winer N, Darmaun D. L-Citrulline Supplementation Enhances Fetal Growth and Protein Synthesis in Rats with Intrauterine Growth Restriction. J Nutr 2016; 146:532-41. [PMID: 26865647 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.221267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results from either maternal undernutrition or impaired placental blood flow, exposing offspring to increased perinatal mortality and a higher risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease during adulthood. l-Citrulline is a precursor of l-arginine and nitric oxide (NO), which regulates placental blood flow. Moreover, l-citrulline stimulates protein synthesis in other models of undernutrition. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether l-citrulline supplementation would enhance fetal growth in a model of IUGR induced by maternal dietary protein restriction. METHODS Pregnant rats were fed either a control (20% protein) or a low-protein (LP; 4% protein) diet. LP dams were randomly allocated to drink tap water either as such or supplemented with l-citrulline (2 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)), an isonitrogenous amount of l-arginine, or nonessential l-amino acids (NEAAs). On day 21 of gestation, dams received a 2-h infusion of l-[1-(13)C]-valine until fetuses were extracted by cesarean delivery. Isotope enrichments were measured in free amino acids and fetal muscle, liver, and placenta protein by GC-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Fetal weight was ∼29% lower in the LP group (3.82 ± 0.06 g) than in the control group (5.41 ± 0.10 g) (P < 0.001). Regardless of supplementation, fetal weight remained below that of control fetuses. Yet, compared with the LP group, l-citrulline and l-arginine equally increased fetal weight to 4.15 ± 0.08 g (P < 0.05) and 4.13 ± 0.1 g (P < 0.05 compared with LP), respectively, whereas NEAA did not (4.05 ± 0.05 g; P = 0.07). Fetal muscle protein fractional synthesis rate was 35% lower in the LP fetuses (41% ± 11%/d) than in the control (61% ± 13%/d) fetuses (P < 0.001) and was normalized by l-citrulline (56% ± 4%/d; P < 0.05 compared with LP, NS compared with control) and not by other supplements. Urinary nitrite and nitrate excretion was lower in the LP group (6.4 ± 0.8 μmol/d) than in the control group (17.9 ± 1.1 μmol/d; P < 0.001) and increased in response to l-citrulline or l-arginine (12.1 ± 2.2 and 10.6 ± 0.9 μmol/d; P < 0.05), whereas they did not in the LP + NEAA group. CONCLUSION l-Citrulline increases fetal growth in a model of IUGR, and the effect may be mediated by enhanced fetal muscle protein synthesis and/or increased NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bourdon
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR 1280), Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institute for Diseases of the Digestive System (IMAD), and Western Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNH), Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR 1280), Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institute for Diseases of the Digestive System (IMAD), and Western Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNH), Nantes, France
| | - Christel Nowak
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR 1280), Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institute for Diseases of the Digestive System (IMAD), and Western Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNH), Nantes, France; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Nantes, Nantes, France; and
| | - Nhat-Thang Tran
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR 1280), Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institute for Diseases of the Digestive System (IMAD), and Western Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNH), Nantes, France
| | - Norbert Winer
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR 1280), Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institute for Diseases of the Digestive System (IMAD), and Western Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNH), Nantes, France; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Nantes, Nantes, France; and
| | - Dominique Darmaun
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Joint Research Unit (UMR 1280), Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institute for Diseases of the Digestive System (IMAD), and Western Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNH), Nantes, France; Nutrition Support Team, IMAD, University Medical Center of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Lubetzky R, Argov-Argaman N, Mimouni FB, Armoni Domany K, Shiff Y, Berkovitz Z, Reifen R, Mandel D. Fatty acids composition of human milk fed to small for gestational age infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:3041-4. [PMID: 26513142 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the null hypothesis that mothers of asymmetric small for gestational age (SGA) infants produce milk with fatty acids composition similar to that of lactating mothers of appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants. METHODS We obtained human milk (HM) from 2 groups of lactating volunteers that gave birth to asymmetric SGA (study group) or AGA infants (control group). Each mother was asked to contribute by manual expression at least one of 3 samples: first 72 hours after labor (colostrum), day 2-7 postpartum (transitional milk) and 14 days post partum (mature milk). After lipid extraction using Folch's cold-extraction procedure fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography. RESULTS A total of 108 samples were obtained in 60 women. In univariate analysis, there were no significant differences in any of the fatty acids concentrations examined between groups. This remained true when timing of the sample (colostrum, transitional or mature milk) or gestational age were introduced as confounders in analysis of variance (general linear model). CONCLUSION Fatty acid composition of human milk is not affected by whether or not the infant was fetal growth restricted. We suggest that mothers of SGA infants may be reassured about the fat quality of their milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Lubetzky
- a Departments of Neonatology and Pediatrics , Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel .,b Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel , and
| | - Nurit Argov-Argaman
- c Departments of Animal Science and Biochemistry and Food , The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Francis B Mimouni
- a Departments of Neonatology and Pediatrics , Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel .,b Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel , and
| | - Keren Armoni Domany
- a Departments of Neonatology and Pediatrics , Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Yaffa Shiff
- a Departments of Neonatology and Pediatrics , Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Zipi Berkovitz
- c Departments of Animal Science and Biochemistry and Food , The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Ram Reifen
- c Departments of Animal Science and Biochemistry and Food , The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Dror Mandel
- a Departments of Neonatology and Pediatrics , Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel .,b Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel , and
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24
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Bassareo PP, Mussap M, Bassareo V, Flore G, Mercuro G. Nitrergic system and plasmatic methylarginines: Evidence of their role in the perinatal programming of cardiovascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 451:21-7. [PMID: 26004093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, in turn preceded by endothelial dysfunction, underlies a series of important cardiovascular diseases. Reduced bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide, by increasing vascular tone and promoting platelet aggregation, leukocyte adhesion, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, plays a key role in the onset of the majority of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, high blood levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, are associated with future development of adverse cardiovascular events and cardiac death. Recent reports have demonstrated that another methylarginine, i.e., symmetric dimethylarginine, is also involved in the onset of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Almost a decade ago, prematurity at birth and intrauterine growth retardation were first associated with a potential negative influence on the cardiovascular apparatus, thus constituting risk factors or leading to early onset of cardiovascular diseases. This condition is referred to as cardiovascular perinatal programming. Accordingly, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are higher among former preterm adults than in those born at term. The aim of this paper was to undertake a comprehensive literature review focusing on cellular and biochemical mechanisms resulting in both reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased methylarginine levels in subjects born preterm. Evidence of the involvement of these compounds in the perinatal programming of cardiovascular risk are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Bassareo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Michele Mussap
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS San Martino-IST, University Hospital, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Bassareo
- Department of Toxicology, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Section of Cagliari, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Flore
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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25
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Wang X, Burghardt RC, Romero JJ, Hansen TR, Wu G, Bazer FW. Functional roles of arginine during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. III. Arginine stimulates proliferation and interferon tau production by ovine trophectoderm cells via nitric oxide and polyamine-TSC2-MTOR signaling pathways. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:75. [PMID: 25653279 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.125989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammal species, arginine is a multifunctional amino acid required for survival, growth, and development of conceptuses (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. However, functional roles of arginine with respect to it being a substrate for production of nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines on trophectoderm cell proliferation and function remain largely unknown. To systematically assess roles of arginine in conceptus development and its effect on interferon tau (IFNT) production for pregnancy recognition signaling in ruminants, an established ovine trophectoderm (oTr1) cell line isolated from Day-15 ovine conceptuses were used to determine their response to arginine, putrescine, and NO donors, as well as their associated inhibitors. Arginine at physiological concentration (0.2 mM) stimulated maximum oTr cell proliferation (increased 2.0-fold at 48 h and 2.6-fold at 96 h; P < 0.05), stimulated IFNT production (IFNT/cell increased 3.1-fold; P < 0.05), and increased total protein per cell by more than 1.5-fold (P < 0.05). It also increased phosphorylated tuberous sclerosis protein (p-TSC2) and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) abundance by more than 2.7- and 4.3-fold (P < 0.0001) after long-term incubation, respectively. When Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor), DL-α-difluoromethylornithine hydrochloride hydrate (DFMO; ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor), and the combination (L-NAME + DFMO) were added, the effects of arginine on cell proliferation was reduced by 10.7%, 16.1%, and 22.3% (P < 0.05) at 48 h, and 15.3%, 27.2%, and 39.1% (P < 0.05) at 96 h of incubation, respectively, but values remained 1.5-fold higher (P < 0.05) than for the arginine-free control, which suggests that arginine, per se, serves as a growth factor. Both putrescine and NO stimulate cell proliferation via activation of the TSC2-MTOR signaling cascade, whereas only putrescine increased IFNT production. Collectively, our results indicate that arginine is essential for oTr1 cell proliferation and IFNT production via the NO/polyamine-TSC2-MTOR signaling pathways, particularly the pathway involving polyamine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wang
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jared J Romero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Thomas R Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Dai Z, Wu Z, Hang S, Zhu W, Wu G. Amino acid metabolism in intestinal bacteria and its potential implications for mammalian reproduction. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:389-409. [PMID: 25609213 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is vital for producing offspring and preserving genetic resources. However, incidences of many reproductive disorders (e.g. miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, premature delivery and lower sperm quality) have either increased dramatically or remained at high rates over the last decades. Mounting evidence shows a strong correlation between enteral protein nutrition and reproduction. Besides serving as major nutrients in the diet, amino acids (AA) are signaling molecules in the regulation of diverse physiological processes, ranging from spermatogenesis to oocyte fertilization and to embryo implantation. Notably, the numbers of bacteria in the intestine exceed the numbers of host cells by 10 times. Microbes in the small-intestinal lumen actively metabolize large amounts of dietary AA and, therefore, affect the entry of AA into the portal circulation for whole-body utilization. Changes in the composition and abundance of AA-metabolizing bacteria in the gut during pregnancy, as well as their translocation to the uterus, may alter uterine function and epigenetic modifications of maternal physiology and metabolism, which are crucial for pregnancy recognition and fetal development. Thus, the presence of the maternal gut microbiota and AA metabolites in the intrauterine environments (e.g. endometrium and placenta) and breast milk is likely a unique signature for the programming of the whole-body microbiome and metabolism in both the fetus and infant. Dietary intervention with functional AA, probiotics and prebiotics to alter the abundance and activity of intestinal bacteria may ameliorate or prevent the development of metabolic syndrome, while improving reproductive performance in both males and females as well as their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suqin Hang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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27
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Wang X, Johnson GA, Burghardt RC, Wu G, Bazer FW. Uterine histotroph and conceptus development. I. cooperative effects of arginine and secreted phosphoprotein 1 on proliferation of ovine trophectoderm cells via activation of the PDK1-Akt/PKB-TSC2-MTORC1 signaling cascade. Biol Reprod 2014; 92:51. [PMID: 25550342 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.125971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest limitation to reproductive performance in most mammals, including humans, is embryonic mortality, which, in general, claims 20%-40% of the embryos during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Both arginine and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) are multifunctional molecules that increase significantly in ovine uterine histotroph during early pregnancy. However, little is known about the relationship and underlying mechanisms for synergistic effects of arginine and SPP1, if any, on conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) development. Therefore, we conducted in vitro experiments using our established ovine trophectoderm cell line (oTr1) isolated from Day 15 ovine conceptuses to determine their proliferative response to individual and synergistic effects of arginine and recombinant SPP1 (rSPP1) that contains an RGD binding sequence. At physiological concentrations, arginine (0.2 mM) stimulated oTr1 cell proliferation 1.7-fold (P < 0.05) at 48 h, whereas rSPP1 (10 ng/ml) had no such effect. However, an additive effect on oTr1 cell proliferation was induced by combination of arginine and SPP1 as compared to the control (2.1-fold increase; P < 0.01), arginine alone (1.3-fold increase; P < 0.05), and rSPP1 alone (1.5-fold increase; P < 0.01). This additive effect was mediated through cooperative activation of the PDK1-Akt/PKB-TSC2-MTORC1 cell signaling cascade. Collectively, results suggest that arginine and SPP1 in histotroph act cooperatively to enhance survival, growth, and development of ovine conceptuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wang
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Greg A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Boersma GJ, Bale TL, Casanello P, Lara HE, Lucion AB, Suchecki D, Tamashiro KL. Long-term impact of early life events on physiology and behaviour. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:587-602. [PMID: 24690036 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the effects of stress and nutrition throughout development and summarises studies investigating how exposure to stress or alterations in nutrition during the pre-conception, prenatal and early postnatal periods can affect the long-term health of an individual. In general, the data presented here suggest that that anything signalling potential adverse conditions later in life, such as high levels of stress or low levels of food availability, will lead to alterations in the offspring, possibly of an epigenetic nature, preparing the offspring for these conditions later in life. However, when similar environmental conditions are not met in adulthood, these alterations may have maladaptive consequences, resulting in obesity and heightened stress sensitivity. The data also suggest that the mechanism underlying these adult phenotypes might be dependent on the type and the timing of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Accelerated growth without prepubertal obesity in nutritionally programmed microswine offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 3:92-102. [PMID: 25101919 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174412000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poor fetal growth and associated prepubertal growth acceleration are linked to increased risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction in later life, but whether obesity is integral to 'catch-up' growth and its ensuing risks are unknown. In microswine offspring exposed to perinatal maternal protein restriction (MPR), we measured body and organ sizes (during MPR); linear growth and weight gain (birth to 5 months of age); feed intake and utilization efficiency (5-14 weeks); and body composition at 6 and 11 weeks of age (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA). During MPR, low protein offspring (LPO) showed asymmetric growth restriction with reduced body weight (Wt):length (Lth) at birth and elevated heart Wt:liver Wt ratio by 2 weeks of age. In LPO, after slow early postnatal growth (0-5 weeks), subsequent linear growth on ad libitum normal feed was absolutely accelerated (cm/week; P < 0.001) over 6-11 weeks but normal thereafter, whereas absolute weight gain (kg/week) was similar to controls but accelerated relative to lower LPO nadir weights. Concurrently, rates of fat and lean tissue accrual in LPO over 6-11 weeks were similar to normal protein offspring in absolute terms (g/5 weeks) but increased relative to lower mass at 6 weeks, yielding normal lean:Lth but reduced fat:Lth ratios at 11 weeks. LPO had higher relative feed intake (g/kg/meal) in both sexes and higher feed efficiency in females over 5-11 weeks of age. Findings suggest that postnatal linear growth acceleration preserved thinness in juvenile LPO. Given separately reported abnormalities of vascular (Bagby et al., 2011) and adipocyte function in juvenile LPO, (DuPriest et al., 2011) findings demonstrate that perinatal MPR programs catch-up growth and cardiovascular abnormalities independently of obesity.
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30
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Wang X, Frank JW, Xu J, Dunlap KA, Satterfield MC, Burghardt RC, Romero JJ, Hansen TR, Wu G, Bazer FW. Functional role of arginine during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. II. Consequences of loss of function of nitric oxide synthase NOS3 mRNA in ovine conceptus trophectoderm. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:59. [PMID: 25061098 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.121202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that regulates angiogenesis and vasodilation via activation of the cGMP pathway. However, functional roles of NO during embryonic development from spherical blastocysts to elongated filamentous conceptuses (embryo and extraembryonic membrane) during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy have not been elucidated in vivo. In order to assess roles of NO production in survival and development of the ovine conceptus, we conducted an in vivo morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MAO)-mediated knockdown trial of nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3) mRNA, the major isoform of NO synthase, in ovine conceptus trophectoderm (Tr). Translational knockdown of NOS3 mRNA results in small, thin, and underdeveloped conceptuses, but normal production of interferon-tau, the pregnancy recognition signal in sheep. MAO-NOS3 knockdown in conceptuses decreased the abundance of NOS3 (72%, P < 0.05) and the arginine transporter SLC7A1 proteins in conceptus Tr. Furthermore, the amounts of ornithine and polyamines were less (P < 0.01) in uterine fluid, whereas the amounts of arginine (58%, P < 0.01), citrulline (68%, P < 0.05), ornithine (68%, P < 0.001), glutamine (78%, P < 0.001), glutamate (68%, P < 0.05), and polyamines (P < 0.01) were less in conceptuses, which likely accounts for the failure of MAO-NOS3 conceptuses to develop normally. For MAO-NOS3 conceptuses, there were no compensatory increases in the expression levels of either nitric oxide synthase-1 (NOS1) or nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) or in expression of enzymes for synthesis of polyamines (ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, agmatinase) from arginine or ornithine with which to rescue development of MAO-NOS3 conceptuses. Thus, the adverse effect of MAO-NOS3 to reduce NO generation and the transport of arginine and ornithine into conceptuses is central to an explanation for failure of normal development of MAO-NOS3, compared to control conceptuses. The study, for the first time, created an NO-deficient mammalian conceptus model in vivo and provided new insights into the orchestrated events of conceptus development during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Our data suggest that NOS3 is the key enzyme for NO production by conceptus Tr and that this protein also regulates the availability of arginine in conceptus tissues for synthesis of polyamines that are essential for conceptus survival and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wang
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - James W Frank
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kathrin A Dunlap
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jared J Romero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Thomas R Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Wang X, Frank JW, Little DR, Dunlap KA, Satterfield MC, Burghardt RC, Hansen TR, Wu G, Bazer FW. Functional role of arginine during the peri‐implantation period of pregnancy. I. Consequences of loss of function of arginine transporter
SLC7A1
mRNA in ovine conceptus trophectoderm. FASEB J 2014; 28:2852-63. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-248757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wang
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and GenomicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - James W. Frank
- Department of Veterinary Integrative BiosciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | | | - Kathrin A. Dunlap
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | | | | | - Thomas R. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and GenomicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and GenomicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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l-Methionine supplementation maintains the integrity and barrier function of the small-intestinal mucosa in post-weaning piglets. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1131-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dietary supplementation with L-arginine between days 14 and 25 of gestation enhances embryonic development and survival in gilts. Amino Acids 2013; 46:375-84. [PMID: 24337831 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic loss is a major problem in mammals, but there are few effective ways to prevent it. Using a porcine model, we determined effects of dietary L-arginine supplementation between days 14 and 25 of gestation on embryonic growth and survival. Gilts were checked daily for estrus with boars in the morning and bred at onset of the second estrus and 12 h later (the time of breeding = day 0 of gestation). Between days 14 and 25 of gestation, 15 gilts/treatment were housed individually and fed twice daily 1 kg of a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.4, or 0.8 % L-arginine. All diets were made isonitrogenous by addition of L-alanine. On day 25 of gestation, gilts were hysterectomized to obtain conceptuses. Compared with controls, dietary supplementation with 0.4 or 0.8 % L-arginine increased (P ≤ 0.05) arginine concentrations in maternal plasma, total volume of amniotic fluid; total amounts of arginine in allantoic and amniotic fluids; total amounts of fructose and most amino acids in amniotic fluid; placental growth; and the number of viable fetuses per litter by 2. The numbers of total fetuses, fetal weight, corpora lutea, volume of allantoic fluid, maternal circulating levels of progesterone and estrogen, or total amounts of hormones in allantoic fluid did not differ among the three treatment groups. Reproductive performance of gilts did not differ between the 0.4 and 0.8 % L-arginine groups. Thus, dietary supplementation with 0.4 or 0.8 % L-arginine between days 14 and 25 of gestation enhances embryonic/fetal survival in swine.
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Alexandre-Gouabau MC, Courant F, Moyon T, Küster A, Le Gall G, Tea I, Antignac JP, Darmaun D. Maternal and cord blood LC-HRMS metabolomics reveal alterations in energy and polyamine metabolism, and oxidative stress in very-low birth weight infants. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2764-78. [PMID: 23527880 DOI: 10.1021/pr400122v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To assess the global effect of preterm birth on fetal metabolism and maternal-fetal nutrient transfer, we used a mass spectrometric-based chemical phenotyping approach on cord blood obtained at the time of birth. We sampled umbilical venous, umbilical arterial, and maternal blood from mothers delivering very-low birth weight (VLBW, with a median gestational age and weight of 29 weeks, and 1210 g, respectively) premature or full-term (FT) neonates. In VLBW group, we observed a significant elevation in the levels and maternal-fetal gradients of butyryl-, isovaleryl-, hexanoyl- and octanoyl-carnitines, suggesting enhanced short- and medium chain fatty acid β-oxidation in human preterm feto-placental unit. The significant decrease in glutamine-glutamate in preterm arterial cord blood beside lower levels of amino acid precursors of Krebs cycle suggest increased glutamine utilization in the fast growing tissues of preterm fetus with a deregulation in placental glutamate-glutamine shuttling. Enhanced glutathione utilization is likely to account for the decrease in precursor amino acids (serine, betaine, glutamate and methionine) in arterial cord blood. An increase in both the circulating levels and maternal-fetal gradients of several polyamines in their acetylated form (diacetylspermine and acetylputrescine) suggests an enhanced polyamine metabolic cycling in extreme prematurity. Our metabolomics study allowed the identification of alterations in fetal energy, antioxidant defense, and polyamines and purines flux as a signature of premature birth.
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Greene JM, Feugang JM, Pfeiffer KE, Stokes JV, Bowers SD, Ryan PL. L-Arginine enhances cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis in human endometrial RL95-2 cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:15. [PMID: 23442442 PMCID: PMC3598371 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-arginine is considered to be one of the most versatile amino acids due to the fact that it serves as a precursor for many important molecules in cellular physiology. When supplemented in the diet, L-arginine can increase the number of implantation sites in mice and rats, suggesting an effect at the level of the endometrium. To this end, this study determined the effect that L-arginine has on apoptosis and cell proliferation in human endometrial RL95-2 cells. RESULTS L-arginine at physiological (200 micromol/L) and supra-physiological (800 micromol/L) concentrations increased cell proliferation at days 2 and 4 post-treatment with a dose-dependent effect being observed on day 2. Additionally, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and arginase, which are responsible for the conversion of L-arginine to NO and polyamines, respectively, reduced the proliferative effect of L-arginine. L-arginine also decreased the proportion of cells with TUNEL positive nuclei and increased the ratio of cells with healthy mitochondria compared to cells with a disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that L-arginine prevents mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in endometrial RL95-2 cells. Furthermore, exposure to L-arginine did not affect total BAD protein expression; however, L-arginine increased the abundance of phosphorylated BAD protein. CONCLUSIONS In summary, L-arginine added to the culture media at physiological (200 micromol/L) and supraphysiological concentrations (800 micromol/L) enhanced endometrial RL95-2 cell proliferation through mechanisms mediated by NO and polyamine biosynthesis. In addition, L-arginine reduced endometrial RL95-2 mitochondrial mediated apoptosis through increased phosphorylation of BAD protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Greene
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kathryn E Pfeiffer
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - John V Stokes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Susan D Bowers
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Facility for Organismal and Cellular Imaging, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Bazer FW. Contributions of an animal scientist to understanding the biology of the uterus and pregnancy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:129-47. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
I developed a passion for reproductive biology when taking a course in Physiology of Reproduction at Louisiana State University while preparing to apply for Veterinary School at Texas A&M University. My career path changed. I entered graduate school, obtained a Ph.D. and have enjoyed an academic career conducting research in uterine biology and pregnancy in animal science departments at the University of Florida and at Texas A&M University. My contributions to science include: (1) identification of molecules secreted by or transported by uterine epithelia into the uterine lumen that are critical to successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, (2) discovery of steroids and proteins required for pregnancy-recognition signalling and their mechanisms of action in pigs and ruminants, (3) patterns of fetal–placental development and placental transport of nutrients, (4) identification of links between nutrients and components of histotroph that affect fetal–placental development, (5) characterising aspects of the endocrinology of pregnancy and (6) contributing to efforts to exploit the therapeutic value of interferon tau, particularly for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Current research focuses on select nutrients in the uterine lumen, specifically amino acids, glucose and fructose, that affect conceptus development, the therapeutic potential for interferon tau, stromal–epithelial cell signalling whereby progesterone and oestrogen act via steroid receptors in uterine stromal cells to stimulate secretion of growth factors (e.g. fibroblast growth factors and hepatocyte growth factor) that regulate uterine epithelial cells and conceptus trophectoderm, and roles of toll-like receptors expressed by uterine epithelia and conceptus trophectoderm in pregnancy.
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Huang LT, Hsieh CS, Chang KA, Tain YL. Roles of nitric oxide and asymmetric dimethylarginine in pregnancy and fetal programming. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203083 PMCID: PMC3509599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates placental blood flow and actively participates in trophoblast invasion and placental development. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) can inhibit NO synthase, which generates NO. ADMA has been associated with uterine artery flow disturbances such as preeclampsia. Substantial experimental evidence has reliably supported the hypothesis that an adverse in utero environment plays a role in postnatal physiological and pathophysiological programming. Growing evidence suggests that the placental nitrergic system is involved in epigenetic fetal programming. In this review, we discuss the roles of NO and ADMA in normal and compromised pregnancies as well as the link between placental insufficiency and epigenetic fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Hsieh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 900, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
| | - Kow-Aung Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-975056995; Fax: +886-7-7338009
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Effects of dietary l-arginine supplementation to gilts during early gestation on foetal survival, growth and myofiber formation. Animal 2012; 4:1680-7. [PMID: 22445121 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of l-arginine on porcine foetal development and myogenesis were determined. Twenty Swiss Large White gilts were randomly allocated to either the control (C) or l-arginine treatment (A). In addition to the standard gestation diet, A-sows received 26 g l-arginine daily from days 14 to 28 of gestation. At day 75 of pregnancy, sows were sacrificed and the number and weight of foetuses were recorded. From each litter, the lightest, heaviest and the ones with an average foetal weight (FtW) were selected. Primary (P), secondary (S) and total myofiber number as well as S/P ratio were determined in the semitendinosus (ST) and rhomboideus (RH) muscles. In A-sows, the number of viable foetuses (13.0 v. 9.3) and total FtW (4925 v. 3729 g) was greater (P ⩽ 0.04) than in C-sows. Compared to C-sow foetuses, the ST of A-sow foetuses had 7% more (17 699 v. 16 477; P = 0.04) P myofibers and the S/P ratio in both muscles was lower (ST = 20.3 v. 21.5; RH = 24.1 v. 27.1; P ⩽ 0.07). Regardless of the maternal diet, the S myofiber number and the S/P ratio in both muscles were greater (P ⩽ 0.01) in foetuses with a high FtW compared to low FtW. These data suggest that l-arginine supplemented to gilts during early gestation enhanced foetal survival and in the ST positively affected the primary phase of myofiber formation.
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He Z, Tan Z, Sun Z, Beauchemin KA, Tang S, Zhou C, Han X, Wang M, Wu D. Unchanged interleukin 6 level of protein and energy restricted goats during late gestation: the role of elevated blood nitric oxide. J Endocrinol 2012; 213:59-65. [PMID: 22271775 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Twelve pregnant goats were assigned to three dietary treatments during late gestation, namely control (C: metabolizable energy, 5.75 MJ/kg; crude protein, 12.6% and dry matter basis), 40% protein restricted (PR) and 40% energy restricted (ER), to examine the effects of nutrient restriction on the immune status of pregnant goats. Plasma was sampled on day 90, 125 and 145 from pregnant goats to determine cytokine production (interleukin 2 (IL2), IL6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained on day 145 and activated by lipopolysaccharide to determine cytokine production, and then exposed (PR and ER) to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, or control to NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor to explore the role of NO in regulating cytokine production. Plasma IL2, IL6 and TNFα were not altered during gestation, but NO was increased (P<0.05) at gestation day 145 for PR and ER. In vitro, compared with control, NO was lower for PR and ER (P<0.001), but IL6 was higher for PR (P<0.001) and ER (P=0.11). The addition of SNP decreased IL6 (P<0.001, PR; P=0.12, ER) in the malnourished group, and l-NAME increased (P<0.001) IL6 in control compared to those treatments without SNP or l-NAME. The results indicate that plasma NO acted as a regulator of cytokine function exhibiting negative feedback to maintain steady plasma IL6 concentration in PR or ER goats during late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Effects of sow nutrition during gestation on within-litter birth weight variation: a review. Animal 2012; 6:797-806. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111002242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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41
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Kong X, Tan B, Yin Y, Gao H, Li X, Jaeger LA, Bazer FW, Wu G. L-Arginine stimulates the mTOR signaling pathway and protein synthesis in porcine trophectoderm cells. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:1178-83. [PMID: 22137265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of placental growth is a major factor contributing to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in both human pregnancy and animal production. Results of recent studies indicate that administration of L-arginine (Arg) to gestating pigs or sheep with IUGR fetuses can enhance fetal growth. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that Arg stimulates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and protein synthesis in porcine conceptus trophectoderm (pTr2) cells. The cells were cultured for 4 days in Arg-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Ham medium containing 10, 50, 100, 200, 350 or 500 μM Arg. Cell numbers, protein synthesis and degradation, as well as total and phosphorylated levels of mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1), were determined. The pTr2 cells exhibited time (0-6 days)- and Arg concentration (10-350 μM)-dependent increases in proliferation. Addition of 100 and 350 μM Arg to culture medium dose-dependently increased (a) protein synthesis and decreased protein degradation and (b) the abundance of total and phosphorylated mTOR, p70S6K and 4EBP1 proteins. Effects of 350 μM Arg on intracellular protein turnover were only modestly affected when nitric oxide synthesis was inhibited. Collectively, these results indicate a novel and important role for Arg in promoting growth of porcine placental cells largely via a nitric-oxide-independent pathway. Additionally, these findings help to explain beneficial effects of Arg supplementation on improving survival and growth of embryos/fetuses in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Kong
- Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry and Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410125 Hunan, China
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Abstract
The polyamines are ubiquitous polycationic compounds. Over the past 40 yr, investigation has shown that some of these, namely spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, are essential to male and female reproductive processes and to embryo/fetal development. Indeed, their absence is characterized by infertility and arrest in embryogenesis. Mammals synthesize polyamines de novo from amino acids or import these compounds from the diet. Information collected recently has shown that polyamines are essential regulators of cell growth and gene expression, and they have been implicated in both mitosis and meiosis. In male reproduction, polyamine expression correlates with stages of spermatogenesis, and polyamines appear to function in promoting sperm motility. There is evidence for polyamine involvement in ovarian follicle development and ovulation in female mammals, and polyamine synthesis is required for steroidogenesis in the ovary. Studies of the embryo indicate a polyamine requirement that can be met from maternal sources before implantation, whereas elimination of polyamine synthesis abrogates embryo development at gastrulation. Polyamines play roles in embryo implantation, in decidualization, and in placental formation and function, and polyamine privation during gestation results in intrauterine growth retardation. Emerging information implicates dietary arginine and dietary polyamines as nutritional regulators of fertility. The mechanisms by which polyamines regulate these multiple and diverse processes are not yet well explored; thus, there is fertile ground for further productive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavine L C Lefèvre
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada QC J2S 2M2
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Gao K, Jiang Z, Lin Y, Zheng C, Zhou G, Chen F, Yang L, Wu G. Dietary l-arginine supplementation enhances placental growth and reproductive performance in sows. Amino Acids 2011; 42:2207-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Kim J, Burghardt RC, Wu G, Johnson GA, Spencer TE, Bazer FW. Select Nutrients in the Ovine Uterine Lumen. IX. Differential Effects of Arginine, Leucine, Glutamine, and Glucose on Interferon Tau, Ornithine Decarboxylase, and Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Ovine Conceptus1. Biol Reprod 2011; 84:1139-47. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.088153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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46
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Bonacasa B, Siow RCM, Mann GE. Impact of dietary soy isoflavones in pregnancy on fetal programming of endothelial function in offspring. Microcirculation 2011; 18:270-85. [PMID: 21418378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that soy-based diets containing phytoestrogens (isoflavones) afford protection against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, supplementation trials have largely reported only marginal health benefits. The molecular mechanisms by which the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and equol afford protection against oxidative stress remain to be investigated in large scale clinical trials. Isoflavones are transferred across the placenta in both rodents and humans, yet there is limited information on their actions in pregnancy and the developmental origins of disease. Our studies established that feeding a soy isoflavone-rich diet during pregnancy, weaning, and postweaning affords cardiovascular protection in aged male rats. Notably, rats exposed to a soy isoflavone-deficient diet throughout pregnancy and adult life exhibited increased oxidative stress, diminished antioxidant enzyme and eNOS levels, endothelial dysfunction, and elevated blood pressure in vivo. The beneficial effects of refeeding isoflavones to isoflavone-deficient rats include an increased production of nitric oxide and EDHF, an upregulation of antioxidant defense enzymes and lowering of blood pressure in vivo. This review focuses on the role that isoflavones in the fetal circulation may play during fetal development in affording protection against CVD in the offspring via their ability to activate eNOS, EDHF, and redox-sensitive gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bonacasa
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
Maternal micronutrient requirements during pregnancy increase to meet the physiologic changes in gestation and fetal demands for growth and development. Maternal micronutrient deficiencies are high and coexist in many settings, likely influencing birth and newborn outcomes. The only recommendation for pregnancy currently exists for iron and folic acid use. Evidence is convincing that maternal iron supplementation will improve birth weight and perhaps gestational length. In one randomized trial, iron supplementation during pregnancy reduced child mortality in the offspring compared with the control group. Few other single micronutrients given antenatally, including vitamin A, zinc, and folic acid, have been systematically shown to confer such a benefit. A meta-analysis of 12 trials of multiple micronutrient supplementation compared with iron-folic acid reveals an overall 11% reduction in low birth weight but no effect on preterm birth and perinatal or neonatal survival. Currently, data are unconvincing for replacing supplementation of antenatal iron-folic acid with multiple micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Christian
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Belkacemi L, Nelson DM, Desai M, Ross MG. Maternal Undernutrition Influences Placental-Fetal Development1. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:325-31. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.084517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Igwebuike U. Impact of maternal nutrition on ovine foetoplacental development: A review of the role of insulin-like growth factors. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 121:189-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lassala A, Bazer FW, Cudd TA, Datta S, Keisler DH, Satterfield MC, Spencer TE, Wu G. Parenteral administration of L-arginine prevents fetal growth restriction in undernourished ewes. J Nutr 2010; 140:1242-8. [PMID: 20505020 PMCID: PMC2884328 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.125658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major health problem worldwide that currently lacks an effective therapeutic solution. This study was conducted with an ovine IUGR model to test the hypothesis that parenteral administration of l-arginine (Arg) is effective in enhancing fetal growth. Beginning on d 28 of gestation, ewes were fed a diet providing 100% (control-fed) or 50% (underfed) of NRC-recommended nutrient requirements. Between d 60 of gestation and parturition, underfed ewes received i.v. infusions of saline or 155 micromol Arg-HCl/kg body weight 3 times daily, whereas control-fed ewes received only saline. The birth weights of lambs from saline-infused underfed ewes were 23% lower (P < 0.01) than those of lambs from control-fed dams. Administration of Arg to underfed ewes increased (P < 0.01) concentrations of Arg (69%), ornithine (55%), proline (29%), methionine (37%), leucine (36%), isoleucine (35%), cysteine (19%), and FFA (43%) in maternal serum, decreased maternal circulating levels of ammonia (18%) and triglycerides (32%), and enhanced birth weights of lambs by 21% compared with saline-infused underfed ewes. There was no difference in birth weights of lambs between the control-fed and the Arg-infused underfed ewes. These novel results indicate that parenteral administration of Arg to underfed ewes prevented fetal growth restriction and provide support for its clinical use to ameliorate IUGR in humans. The findings also lay a new framework for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of Arg in regulating conceptus growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantzatzu Lassala
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Timothy A. Cudd
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Sujay Datta
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Duane H. Keisler
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - M. Carey Satterfield
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Thomas E. Spencer
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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