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Isaacman-VanWertz G, Frazier G, Willison J, Faiola C. Missing Measurements of Sesquiterpene Ozonolysis Rates and Composition Limit Understanding of Atmospheric Reactivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7937-7946. [PMID: 38669108 PMCID: PMC11080055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Emissions of biogenic reactive carbon significantly influence atmospheric chemistry, contributing to the formation and destruction of secondary pollutants, such as secondary organic aerosol and ozone. While isoprene and monoterpenes are a major fraction of emissions and have been extensively studied, substantially less is known about the atmospheric impacts of higher-molecular-weight terpenes such as sesquiterpenes. In particular, sesquiterpenes have been proposed to play a significant role in ozone chemical loss due to the very high ozone reaction rates of certain isomers. However, relatively little data are available on the isomer-resolved composition of this compound class or its role in ozone chemistry. This study examines the chemical diversity of sesquiterpenes and availability of ozone reaction rate constants to evaluate the current understanding of their ozone reactivity. Sesquiterpenes are found to be highly diverse, with 72 different isomers reported and relatively few isomers that contribute a large mass fraction across all studies. For the small number of isomers with known ozone reaction rates, estimated rates may be 25 times higher or lower than measurements, indicating that estimated reaction rates are highly uncertain. Isomers with known ozone reaction rates make up approximately half of the mass of sesquiterpenes in concentration and emission measurements. Consequently, the current state of the knowledge suggests that the total ozone reactivity of sesquiterpenes cannot be quantified without very high uncertainty, even if isomer-resolved composition is known. These results are in contrast to monoterpenes, which are less diverse and for which ozone reaction rates are well-known, and in contrast to hydroxyl reactivity of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, for which reaction rates can be reasonably well estimated. Improved measurements of a relatively small number of sesquiterpene isomers would reduce uncertainties and improve our understanding of their role in regional and global ozone chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- Charles
E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Graham Frazier
- Charles
E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jeff Willison
- U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Celia Faiola
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2525, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2525, United States
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Frei M, Ashrafuzzaman M, Piepho HP, Herzog E, Begum SN, Islam MM. Evidence for tropospheric ozone effects on rice production in Bangladesh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168560. [PMID: 37979852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Although Bangladesh is known to be burdened with elevated tropospheric ozone levels, little is known about its effects on food security. We conducted field experiments in four highly polluted rice growing environments of Bangladesh in three cropping seasons (2020-2022), in which we grew 20 different rice varieties with or without application of the ozone protectant ethylene diurea (EDU). The average daytime ozone concentrations at the study sites during the rice growing seasons ranged from 53 ppb to 84 ppb, with the lowest concentrations occurring in the year 2020. EDU increased rice grain yields significantly by an average of 10.4 % across all seasons and locations, indicating that plants were stressed under ambient ozone concentrations. EDU was effective in distinguishing ozone-tolerant from ozone-sensitive varieties, in which yield increased by up to 21 %. Likewise, the EDU treatment positively affected vegetation indices representing chlorophyll (NDVI), the chorophyll:carotenoid ratio (Lic2), and pigments of the xanthophyll cycle (PRI). Stomatal conductance was increased significantly by an average of around 10 % among all varieties when plants were treated with EDU. In all physiological traits, significant genotype by treatment interactions occurred, indicating that different varieties varied in their responses to ozone stress. Our study demonstrates that rice production in Bangladesh is severely affected by tropospheric ozone, and calls for the breeding of tolerant rice varieties as well as mitigation measures to reduce air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Md Ashrafuzzaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (GEB), School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Herzog
- Department of Biometry and Population Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Shamsun Nahar Begum
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Mofazzal Islam
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Feng Y, Alam MS, Yan F, Frei M. Alteration of carbon and nitrogen allocation in winter wheat under elevated ozone. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111924. [PMID: 37992899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone accelerates senescence and shortens grain filling, consequently affecting the remobilization and allocation efficiency of aboveground biomass and nutrients into grains in cereal crops. This study investigated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations repeatedly in shoot biomass during the growth period and in grain after the harvest in eighteen wheat genotypes under control and ozone treatments in open-top chambers. Season-long ozone fumigation was conducted at an average ozone concentration of 70 ppb with three additional acute ozone episodes of around 150 ppb. Although there were no significant differences in straw C and N concentrations between the two treatments, the straw C:N ratio was significantly increased after long-term ozone fumigation, and the grain C:N ratio decreased under elevated ozone without significance. Grain N concentrations increased significantly under ozone stress, whereas N yield declined significantly due to grain yield losses induced by ozone. Moreover, different indicators of N use efficiency were significantly reduced with the exception of N utilization efficiency (NUtE), indicating that elevated ozone exposure reduced the N absorption from soil and allocation from vegetative to reproductive organs. The linear regression between straw C:N ratio and productivity indicated that straw C:N was not a suitable trait for predicting wheat productivity due to the low coefficient of determination (R2). Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) was not significantly affected by ozone stress among all genotypes. However, elevated ozone concentration changed the relationship between harvest index (HI) and NHI, and the reduced regression slope between them indicated that ozone exposure significantly affected the relationship of N and biomass allocation into wheat grains. The cultivar "Jenga" showed optimal ozone tolerance due to less yield reduction and higher NUE after ozone exposure. The genotypes with higher nutrient use efficiencies are promising to cope with ozone-induced changes in nitrogen partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Feng
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Chang-Espino MC, Prieto-Benitez S, González-Fernández I, Araus JL, Gómez-Camacho JM, Bermejo-Bermejo V. Current ambient ozone levels mitigate the effect of Puccinia striiformis on wheat: Is Mediterranean wheat ready for pre-industrial background ozone levels? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163370. [PMID: 37028662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasing surface ozone is a main concern for crop production in the Global Change framework, especially in the Mediterranean basin where climate conditions favor its photochemical formation. Meanwhile, increasing common crop diseases, such as yellow rust, one of the most important pathogens affecting global wheat production has been detected in the area in recent decades. However, the impact of O3 on the occurrence and impact of fungal diseases is scarcely understood. A close-to-field-conditions assay (Open Top Chamber facility) situated in a Mediterranean cereal rainfed farming area was carried out to study the impact of increasing O3 levels and N-fertilization on spontaneous fungal outbreaks in wheat. Four O3-fumigation levels reproducing pre-industrial to future pollutant atmospheres with additional 20 and 40 nL L-1 over the ambient levels were considered (7 h-mean ranging from 28 to 86 nL L-1). Two top N-fertilization supplementations (100 and 200 kg ha-1) were nested within the O3 treatments; foliar damage, pigment content and gas exchange parameters were measured. Pre-industrial natural background O3 levels strongly favored the yellow rust infection, where the O3-polluted levels currently observed at the farm highly benefited the crop, mitigating the presence of rust by 22 %. However, future expected high O3-levels neutralized the beneficial infection-controlling effect by inducing early wheat senescence, decreasing the chlorophyll index of the older leaves by up to 43 % under the higher O3 exposure. Nitrogen promoted the rust infection by up to 49.5 % without interacting with the O3-factor. Achieving future air quality standards might require considering new varietal improvement programs, to be able to adapt crops to an increased pathogen tolerance without requiring the assistance provided by O3-pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang-Espino
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Environmental Dept. CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain; Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona and Agrotecnio, Lleida, Spain.
| | - S Prieto-Benitez
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Environmental Dept. CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J L Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona and Agrotecnio, Lleida, Spain
| | - J M Gómez-Camacho
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Environmental Dept. CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Bermejo-Bermejo
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Environmental Dept. CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
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Ta Bui L, Nguyen PH. Assessment of rice yield and economic losses caused by ground-level O 3 exposure in the Mekong delta region, Vietnam. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17883. [PMID: 37519663 PMCID: PMC10372206 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lower Mekong Delta region (LMD) accounts for 90% of Vietnam's rice exports; however, the air quality in the LMD is remarkably reduced by ground-level ozone (O3) pollution. This study aimed to quantify the relative yield and economic value losses in rice-growing crop seasons affected by ground-level O3 concentrations across the LMD. The results of this study can serve as a basis for extensive assessments for the following years and support environmental managers to propose control measures of O3 precursor emissions (NOx and VOCs) from man-made sectors, as well as build protective solutions for rice farming in LMD. Two ground-level O3 exposure metrics of M7 and AOT40 reflecting ground-level O3 pollution impacts, combined with the model of exposure-relative yield relationship (or surface O3-crop models), were used to assess losses of crop production (CPL) and economic cost losses (ECL) caused by rice crop yield reductions. For the M7 metric of ground-level O3 exposure, the average value was 14.746 ppbV, with levels ranging from 13.959 ppbV to 15.502 ppbV, and the affected area was spread across 1309.39 thousand hectares. The AOT40 exposure metric reached an average value of 11.490 ppbV, with a range of 0.000-31.665 ppbV. The highest exposure level was 17.503-31.653 ppbV, covering an area of 747.01 thousand hectares. The total CPL of the three rice crops over the LMD was 9593.52 tonnes (accounting for 0.039% of the total value of rice production in the region), with a total corresponding EPL of 62.405 billion VND (equivalent to 2761.01 thousand USD). The results are considered a baseline study to serve as a basis for extensive assessments for the following years and support for the environmental managers to propose control measures of O3 precursor emissions (NOx and VOCs) from man-made sectors as well as build protective solutions in rice farming in LMD shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ta Bui
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phong Hoang Nguyen
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Dong D, Wang J. Air pollution as a substantial threat to the improvement of agricultural total factor productivity: Global evidence. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107842. [PMID: 36863165 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide empirical evidence about whether and to what extent air pollution affects the global agricultural total factor productivity (TFP). METHODS The research sample covers 146 countries all over the world during 2010-2019. Two-way fixed effects panel regression models are used to estimate air pollution's impacts. A random forest analysis is conducted to assess the relative importance of independent variables. RESULTS The results show that, on average, a 1% increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration would cause the agricultural TFP to decline by 0.104% and 0.207%, respectively. Air pollution's adverse impact widely exists in various countries with different development levels, pollution degrees, and industrial structures. This study also finds that temperature has a moderating effect on the relationship between PM2.5 and agricultural TFP. PM2.5 pollution's detrimental impact is weaker (stronger) in a warmer (cooler) climate. In addition, the random forest analysis confirms that air pollution is among the most crucial predictors of agricultural productivity. CONCLUSIONS Air pollution is a substantial threat to the improvement of global agricultural TFP. Worldwide actions should be taken to ameliorate air quality, for the sake of agricultural sustainability and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxin Dong
- Institute of Western China Economic Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China.
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- School of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China.
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Bui LT, Nguyen PH. Ground-level ozone in the Mekong Delta region: precursors, meteorological factors, and regional transport. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23691-23713. [PMID: 36323970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Mekong Delta region (MDR), also known as Vietnam's rice bowl, produced a bountiful harvest of about 23.8 million tons in 2020, accounting for 55.7% of the country's total production, providing food security for 20% of the world population. With the rapid pace of industrialisation and urbanisation, the concentration of ozone in the lower atmosphere has risen to a level that reduces crop yields, especially rice, and is therefore the subject of research. This study aims to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of ground-level ozone in the area and evaluate the impact of precursor emissions and meteorological factors on the spatiotemporal distributions of ozone concentrations. The study area was divided into seven zones, including six agro-ecological zones (AEZs) and one low-mountainous area, mainly to clarify the role of emissions in each AEZ. The simulation results showed that ground-level O3 in the MDR ranged from 40.39 to 52.13 µg/m3. In six agro-ecological zones, the average annual ground-level O3 concentration was relatively high and was the highest in zone 6 (CPZ) and zone 3 (LXZ) with values of 96.18 µg/m3 (exceeding 1.60 times the WHO Guidelines 2021) and 94.86 µg/m3 (exceeding 1.58 times the WHO Guidelines 2021), respectively. In each zone, the annual average O3 concentration tended to gradually increase from the inner delta to coastal areas. Two types of precursors, NOx and NMVOCs, are the main contributors to O3 pollution, with the largest contribution coming from zone 1 (FAZ) with 91.5 thousand tons of NOx/year and 455.2 thousand tons of NMVOCs/year. Among the meteorological factors considered, temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and surface pressure (P) were the three main factors that contributed to the increase in ground-level ozone. The spatio-temporal distribution of ground-level O3 in the MDR was influenced by emission precursors from different zones as well as meteorological factors. The present results can help policy-makers formulate plans for agro-industrial development in the entire region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ta Bui
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Phong Hoang Nguyen
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Deb Roy S, Bano S, Beig G, Murthy B. Impact assessment of surface ozone exposure on crop yields at three tropical stations over India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:338. [PMID: 36705803 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone is a damaging pollutant for crops and ecosystems, and the ozone-induced crop losses over India remain uncertain and a topic of debate due to a lack of sufficient observations and uncertainties involved in the modeled results. In this study, we have used the observational data from MAPAN (Modelling Air Pollution And Networking) for the first time to estimate the relative yield losses, crop production losses, and economic losses for the two major crops (wheat and rice). The detailed estimation has been done focusing on three individual suburban sites over India (Patiala, Tezpur, and Delhi) and compared with other related studies over the Indian region. We have used the concentration-based metric (M7, 7-h average from 09:00 to 15:59 h) along with the cumulative ozone exposure indices (AOT40, accumulated exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb) and applied the exposure-response (E-R) functions for the calculation of the crop losses. Our study shows that the yearly crop losses can reach the level of 12.4-40.8% and 2.0-11.1% for the wheat and rice crops, respectively, at certain places like Patiala in India. The annual economic loss can be as high as $4.6 million and $0.7 million for wheat and rice crops, respectively, even at individual locations in India. Our estimated %RYL (relative yield loss) lies in the range of 0.3 + /0.6 times the recent regional model estimates which use only the AOT40 metric. Region-specific E-R functions based on factors suitable for the Indian region needs to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompriti Deb Roy
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Shahana Bano
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gufran Beig
- National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Bandarusatya Murthy
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
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Picchi V, Calzone A, Gobbi S, Paccani S, Lo Scalzo R, Marti A, Faoro F. Oxidative Stress Mitigation by Chitosan Nanoparticles in Durum Wheat Also Affects Phytochemicals and Technological Quality of Bran and Semolina. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152021. [PMID: 35956498 PMCID: PMC9370655 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our previous work, durum wheat cv. Fabulis was grown over two consecutive seasons (2016–2017 and 2017–2018) in an experimental field in the north of Italy. With the aim of mitigating oxidative stress, plants were subjected to four treatments (deionized water, CHT 0.05 mg/mL, CHT-NPs, and CHT-NPs-NAC) three times during the experiment. Chitosan nanoparticles (CHT-NPs) reduced symptom severity on wheat leaves and positively influenced the final grain yield. The present work aimed at investigating whether CHT treatments and particularly N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-loaded or -unloaded CHT-NPs, while triggering plant defense mechanisms, might also vary the nutritional and technological quality of grains. For this purpose, the grains harvested from the previous experiment were analyzed for their content in phytochemicals and for their technological properties. The results showed that CHT increased the polyphenol and tocopherol content and the reducing capacity of bran and semolina, even if the positive effect of the nano-formulation remained still unclear and slightly varied between the two years of cultivation. The positive effect against oxidative stress induced by the chitosan treatments was more evident in the preservation of both the starch pasting properties and gluten aggregation capacity, indicating that the overall technological quality of semolina was maintained. Our data confirm the role of chitosan as an elicitor of the antioxidant defense system in wheat also at the grain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Picchi
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (S.P.); (R.L.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Antonella Calzone
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (S.P.); (R.L.S.)
| | - Serena Gobbi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Sara Paccani
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (S.P.); (R.L.S.)
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (S.P.); (R.L.S.)
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Franco Faoro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (F.F.)
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Holder AJ, Hayes F. Substantial yield reduction in sweet potato due to tropospheric ozone, the dose-response function. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119209. [PMID: 35341818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of tropospheric ozone on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) are poorly understood despite being a staple food grown in locations deemed at risk from ozone pollution. Three varieties of sweet potato were exposed to ozone treatments (peaks of: 30 (Low), 80 (Medium), and 110 (High) ppb) using heated solardomes. Weekly measurements of stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll content (CI) were used to determine physiological responses, along with final yield. gs and CI were reduced with increasing ozone exposure, but effects were partially masked due to elevated leaf senescence and turnover. Yield for the Erato orange and Murasaki varieties was reduced by ∼40% and ∼50% (Medium and High ozone treatments, respectively, vs Low) whereas Beauregard yield was reduced by 58% in both. The DO3SE (Deposition of Ozone for Stomatal Exchange) model was parameterized for gs in response to light, temperature, vapour pressure deficit and soil water potential. Clear responses of gs to the environmental parameters were found. Yield reductions were correlated with both concentration based AOT40 (accumulated ozone above a threshold of 40 ppb) and flux based POD6 (accumulated stomatal flux of ozone above a threshold of 6 nmol m- 2 s- 1) metrics (R2 0.66 p = 0.01; and R2 0.44 p = 0.05, respectively). A critical level estimate of a POD6 of 3 (mmol m-2 Projected Leaf Area-1) was obtained using the relationship. This study showed that sweet potato yield was reduced by ozone pollution, and that stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content were also affected. Results from this study can improve model predictions of ozone impacts on sweet potato together with associated ozone risk assessments for tropical countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Holder
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Felicity Hayes
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK.
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Feng Y, Nguyen TH, Alam MS, Emberson L, Gaiser T, Ewert F, Frei M. Identifying and modelling key physiological traits that confer tolerance or sensitivity to ozone in winter wheat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119251. [PMID: 35390418 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone threatens crop production in many parts of the world, especially in highly populated countries in economic transition. Crop models suggest substantial global yield losses for wheat, but typically such models fail to address differences in ozone responses between tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify physiological traits contributing to yield losses or yield stability under ozone stress in 18 contrasting wheat cultivars that had been pre-selected from a larger wheat population with known ozone tolerance. Plants were exposed to season-long ozone fumigation in open-top chambers at an average ozone concentration of 70 ppb with three additional acute ozone episodes of around 150 ppb. Compared to control conditions, average yield loss was 18.7 percent, but large genotypic variation was observed ranging from 2.7 to 44.6 percent. Foliar chlorophyll content represented by normalized difference vegetation index and net CO2 assimilation rate of young leaves during grain filling were the physiological traits most strongly correlated with grain yield losses or stability. Accumulative effects of chronic ozone exposure on photosynthesis were more detrimental for grain yield than instantaneous effects of acute ozone shocks, or accelerated senescence of older leaves represented by changes in the ratio of brown leaf area/green leaf area index. We used experimental data of two selected tolerant or sensitive varieties, respectively, to parametrize the LINTULCC2 crop model expanded with an ozone response routine. By specifying parameters representing the distinct physiological responses of contrasting genotypes, we simulated yield losses of 7 percent (tolerant) or 33 percent (sensitive). By considering genotypic differences in ozone response models, this study helps to improve the accuracy of simulation studies, estimate the effects of adaptive breeding, and identify physiological traits for the breeding of ozone tolerant wheat varieties that could deliver stable yields despite ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Feng
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thuy Huu Nguyen
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Environment and Geography Department, University of York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Thomas Gaiser
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Ewert
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, 15374, Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
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12
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Hoshika Y, Cotrozzi L, Marchica A, Carrari E, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Paoletti E, Pellegrini E. Season-long exposure of bilberry plants to realistic and future ozone pollution improves the nutraceutical quality of fruits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153577. [PMID: 35114241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a phytotoxic air pollutant capable of limiting plant yield and growth, and altering the quality of edible plant products. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term O3 exposure at realistic and future concentrations (applied during fruit development) not only on morphological, physiological, and biochemical plant/leaf traits of Vaccinium myrtillus but also on its fruit yield and quality. Three-year-old saplings were grown from May to July under three levels of O3 concentration [1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the ambient air concentrations, denoted as AA, 1.5_AA and 2.0_AA], using a new-generation O3 Free Air Controlled Exposure system. Ozone induced oxidative pressure and membrane denaturation as confirmed by the accumulation of anion superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (•O2-: +39 and + 29%; H2O2: +55 and + 59% in 1.5_AA and 2.0_AA, respectively, compared with AA), and malondialdehyde by-product (1.4- and 2.5-fold higher than AA, in 1.5_AA and 2.0_AA, respectively). The observed oxidative burst likely affected several cellular structures interested by photosynthetic processes (e.g., decrease of the maximum rate of carboxylation: -30%). This constraint likely induced a decline in plant vitality and a different partitioning of biomass allocation between above and below organs. An accelerated maturation of bilberries due to O3 was reported, suggesting that plants grown under harsher environmental conditions suffered from metabolic changes associated with early ripening. Increasing O3 concentrations might be responsible for an alteration of the ratio between oxidation and reduction processes mechanisms that was followed by a loss of integrity of membranes, so limiting the availability of energy/resources, triggering enzymatic oxidation of phenols to red/purple pigments, and promoting fruit maturation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research showing that long-term O3 exposure during bilberry fruit development influenced not only several plant/leaf traits, but also fruit nutraceutical quality at the time of harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Marchica
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Khan A, Sharma S, Chowdhury KR, Sharma P. A novel seasonal index-based machine learning approach for air pollution forecasting. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:429. [PMID: 35556182 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel machine learning models (MLMs) using the seasonal indexing approach that captures the variation in air quality caused due to meteorological changes have been used to provide short-term, real-time forecasts of PM2.5 concentration for one of the most polluted air quality control regions (AQCR) in the capital city of Delhi. Two MLMs-multi-linear regression and random forest-have been developed for using time series data for 1-h and 24-h average PM2.5 concentration. Short-term, real-time forecasts have been made using the developed models. Various model performance evaluation indices indicate satisfactory model performance. R2 values for the hourly and daily models varied between 0.95 and 0.72 and between 0.76 and 0.68 for the 1st to 5th h/day, respectively. The lagged values of PM2.5 concentration (persistence) and the hourly and daily indices are the most influential variables for the forecasts for immediate time steps. In contrast, seasonal indices become more important with the forecasting time horizon. The developed models can be used for making short-term, real-time air quality forecasts and issuing a warning when the pollution levels go beyond acceptable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Khan
- Council On Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- TERI, The Energy and Resources Institute, IHC Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India.
| | | | - Prateek Sharma
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070, India
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14
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Vannini A, Fedeli R, Guarnieri M, Loppi S. Foliar Application of Wood Distillate Alleviates Ozone-Induced Damage in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040178. [PMID: 35448439 PMCID: PMC9031150 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether foliar applications of wood distillate (WD) have a protective effect on photosynthesis and the antioxidant power of lettuce when exposed to an ecologically relevant O3 concentration. Seedlings of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were fumigated daily with 60 ppb of O3 for 30 days, five hours per day. Once per week, 50% of the fumigated plants were treated with foliar applications of 0.2% WD, while control plants were treated with water. The results clearly showed the ability of WD to protect lettuce plants from ozone-induced damage. Specifically, WD-treated plants exhibited lower damage to the photosynthetic machinery, assessed through a series of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, a higher chlorophyll content, higher antioxidant power, as well as antioxidant molecules, i.e., caffeic acid and quercetin, and higher biomass. Counteracting the overproduction of ozone-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is speculated to be the main mechanism by which WD protects the plant from ozone-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vannini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Riccardo Fedeli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (R.F.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Massimo Guarnieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (R.F.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (R.F.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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15
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Luo S, Song W, Wang X. Ozone episodes during and after the 2018 Chinese National Day holidays in Guangzhou: Implications for the control of precursor VOCs. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:322-333. [PMID: 35459495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of reducing industrial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on ozone (O3) pollution is of wide concern particularly in highly industrialized megacities. In this study, O3, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and VOCs were measured at an urban site in the Pearl River Delta region during the 2018 Chinese National Day Holidays and two after-holiday periods (one with ozone pollution and another without). O3 pollution occurred throughout the 7-day holidays even industrial emissions of VOCs were passively reduced due to temporary factory shutdowns, and the toluene to benzene ratios dropped from ∼10 during non-holidays to ∼5 during the holidays. Box model (AtChem2-MCM) simulations with the input of observation data revealed that O3 formation was all VOC-limited, and alkenes had the highest relative incremental reactivity (RIR) during the holiday and non-holiday O3 episodes while aromatics had the highest RIR during the non-pollution period. Box model also demonstrated that even aromatics decreased proportionally to levels with near-zero contributions of industrial aromatic solvents, O3 concentrations would only decrease by less than 20% during the holiday and non-holiday O3 episodes and ozone pollution in the periods could not be eliminated. The results imply that controlling emissions of industrial aromatic solvents might be not enough to eliminate O3 pollution in the region, and more attention should be paid to anthropogenic reactive alkenes. Isoprene and formaldehyde were among the top 3 species by RIRs in all the three pollution and non-pollution periods, suggesting substantial contribution to O3 formation from biogenic VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Chen B, Xu J, Liu D, Yang X. Response of Ginkgo biloba growth and physiological traits to ozone stress. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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17
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Zhang J, Ran H, Guo Y, Xue C, Liu X, Qu Y, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Mu Y, Chen Y, Wang J, An J. High crop yield losses induced by potential HONO sources - A modelling study in the North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149929. [PMID: 34478900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is a major source of hydroxyl radicals in the troposphere through its photolysis, and can significantly influence ozone (O3) levels, thereby causing considerable crop yield losses. Previous studies have assessed relative crop yield losses by using exposure-response equations with observed or simulated O3, however, the contribution of enhanced O3 due to potential HONO sources to the crop yield losses has never been quantified. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the crop yield losses caused by potential HONO sources in the North China Plain (NCP), which is one of the major grain-producing areas in China suffering from heavy O3 pollution, by using the Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model during the wheat and maize growing seasons of 2016. HONO simulations were significantly improved after including six potential HONO sources in the WRF-Chem model. The potential HONO sources produced a daily maximum 8-h O3 enhancement of 8.1/8.2 ppb during the wheat/maize growing seasons, respectively, and led to ~11.4%/3.3% relative yield losses for wheat/maize, respectively, corresponding to approximately US$3.78/0.66 billion losses, respectively, in NCP in 2016. The above results suggest that potential HONO sources play a significant role in O3 formation and could induce high crop yield losses globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haiyan Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yitian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Junling An
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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18
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Wang P, Wang P, Chen K, Du J, Zhang H. Ground-level ozone simulation using ensemble WRF/Chem predictions over the Southeast United States. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132428. [PMID: 34606899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Being detrimental to human health and vegetation growth, ground-level ozone (O3) is becoming a huge concern as an air pollutant. The processes of formation, diffusion, transformation, and transport of O3 in the atmosphere are highly affected by meteorological conditions such as solar radiation, temperature, precipitation, and wind. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are widely used in simulating O3 pollution with two main inputs of the meteorological condition and emission inventory. Meteorological inputs play a crucial role in the model simulation accuracy especially in areas where emission has been well constrained such as the United States (U.S.). However, most O3 simulations today still use only one set of meteorological input, which leaves room for model performance improvement by using ensemble meteorological conditions. In this study, O3 over the Southeast U.S. was simulated for one week in the summer of each year from 2016 to 2018 by using ensemble meteorological inputs offered by Short Range Ensemble Forecast products. The predictions were conducted through the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry. The calculated ensemble prediction results got at least 66.7% improvement in agreement with O3 observations compared with single runs in the three selected cities (Miami, Atlanta, and Baton Rouge) from 2016 to 2018. This study emphasized the accuracy and provided a new idea of using ensemble meteorological inputs to improve O3 prediction than using traditional single meteorology by CTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 99907, China
| | - Kaiyu Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jun Du
- National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Washington, DC, 20740, USA
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai, 200062, China.
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19
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The Influence of Ozone on Net Ecosystem Production of a Ryegrass–Clover Mixture under Field Conditions. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the effect of phytotoxic tropospheric ozone (O3) on terrestrial vegetation, we quantified the impact of current O3 concentration ([O3]) on net ecosystem production (NEP) when compared to the conditions of the pre-industrial era. We compared and tested linear mixed-effects models based on [O3] and stomatal O3 flux (Fsto). The managed ryegrass–clover (Lolium perenne and Trifolium pratense) mixture was grown on arable land in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. Values of [O3] and Fsto were measured and calculated based on resistance analogy, respectively, while NEP was calculated from eddy covariance CO2 fluxes. We found the Fsto-based model more precise when compared to measured NEP. High Fsto was found even at low [O3], while broad summer maximum of [O3] was not necessarily followed by significant NEP decline, due to low soil water content leading to a low stomatal conductivity and Fsto. Comparing to low pre-industrial O3 conditions, current levels of O3 resulted in the reduction of cumulative NEP over the entire growing season, up to 29.7 and 13.5% when the [O3]-based and Fsto-based model was applied, respectively. During the growing season, an O3-induced reduction of NEP ranged between 13.1% in May and 26.2% in July when compared to pre-industrial Fsto levels. Looking to the future, high [O3] and Fsto may lead to the reduction of current NEP by approximately 13.3% on average during the growing season, but may increase by up to 61–86.6% in autumn, indicating further O3-induced acceleration of the senescence. These findings indicate the importance of Fsto and its inclusion into the models estimating O3 effects on terrestrial vegetation. The interaction between environmental factors and stomatal conductance is therefore discussed in detail.
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20
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Wang L, Li Y, Liu Y. Invasive herbaceous respond more negatively to elevated ozone concentration than native species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy Sciences Changchun China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Ecology Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy Sciences Changchun China
- Ecology Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
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21
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Semba RD, Askari S, Gibson S, Bloem MW, Kraemer K. The Potential Impact of Climate Change on the Micronutrient-Rich Food Supply. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:80-100. [PMID: 34607354 PMCID: PMC8803495 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries worldwide. Climate change, characterized by increasing global surface temperatures and alterations in rainfall, has the capacity to affect the quality and accessibility of micronutrient-rich foods. The goals of this review are to summarize the potential effects of climate change and its consequences on agricultural yield and micronutrient quality, primarily zinc, iron, and vitamin A, of plant foods and upon the availability of animal foods, to discuss the implications for micronutrient deficiencies in the future, and to present possible mitigation and adaptive strategies. In general, the combination of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and rising temperature is predicted to reduce the overall yield of major staple crops, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, more than altering their micronutrient content. Crop yield is also reduced by elevated ground-level ozone and increased extreme weather events. Pollinator loss is expected to reduce the yield of many pollinator-dependent crops such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Sea-level rise resulting from melting of ice sheets and glaciers is predicted to result in coastal inundation, salt intrusion, and loss of coral reefs and mangrove forests, with an adverse impact upon coastal rice production and coastal fisheries. Global ocean fisheries catch is predicted to decline because of ocean warming and declining oxygen. Freshwater warming is also expected to alter ecosystems and reduce inland fisheries catch. In addition to limiting greenhouse gas production, adaptive strategies include postharvest fortification of foods; micronutrient supplementation; biofortification of staple crops with zinc and iron; plant breeding or genetic approaches to increase zinc, iron, and provitamin A carotenoid content of plant foods; and developing staple crops that are tolerant of abiotic stressors such as elevated carbon dioxide, elevated temperature, and increased soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sufia Askari
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gibson
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin W Bloem
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life, Basel, Switzerland,Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Moura BB, Brunetti C, Engela MRGDS, Hoshika Y, Paoletti E, Ferrini F. Experimental assessment of ozone risk on ecotypes of the tropical tree Moringa oleifera. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111475. [PMID: 34166663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is an oxidative air pollutant that affects plant growth. Moringa oleifera is a tree species distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. This species presents high morphological plasticity, which increases its ability to tolerate stressful conditions, but with no O3 risk assessment calculated so far. The present study assessed the O3 risk to different M. oleifera ecotypes using exposure-based index (AOT40) or flux-based index (PODy - where y is a threshold of O3 uptake). PODy considers the O3 uptake through the stomata and the consequence of environmental climate conditions on stomatal conductance (gsto); thus, it is efficient in assessing O3 risk. Five M. oleifera ecotypes were subjected to ambient (Amb.); middle (Mid. X1.5), and High (x2.0) O3 concentrations for 77 days in a free-air controlled exposure facility (FACE). Leaf biomass (LB) was evaluated, and the biomass loss was projected assuming a clean atmosphere (10 ppb as 24 h O3 average). The gsto parameterization was calculated using the Jarvis-type multiplicative algorithm considering several climate factors, i.e., light intensity, air temperature, air vapor pressure deficit, and AOT40. Ozone exposure harmed the LB of all ecotypes. The high gsto (~559 mmol H2O m-2 s-1) can be considered the reason for the species' O3 sensitivity. M. oleifera is adapted to hot climate conditions, and gsto was restricted with air temperature (Tmin) below ~ 9 °C. As expected, the PODy index performed better than the AOT40 for estimating the O3 effect on biomass losses. We recommend a y threshold of 4 nmol m-2 s-1 to incorporate O3 effects on M. oleifera LB. To not exceed a 4% reduction of LB for any M. oleifera genotype, we recommend the critical levels of 1.1 mmol m-2 POD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baêsso Moura
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee, 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee, 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee, 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Gupta SK, Sharma M, Maurya VK, Deeba F, Pandey V. Effects of ethylenediurea (EDU) on apoplast and chloroplast proteome in two wheat varieties under high ambient ozone: an approach to investigate EDU's mode of action. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1009-1028. [PMID: 33641010 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) is a serious threat to plants and animals in the present climate change scenario. High tropospheric O3 has the capability to disrupt cellular organelles leading to impaired photosynthesis and significant yield reduction. Apoplast and chloroplast are two important cellular components in a plant system. Their proteomic response with ethylenediurea (EDU) treatment under tropospheric O3 has not been explored till date. EDU (an organic compound) protects plants exclusively against harmful O3 effects through activation of antioxidant defense mechanism. The present study investigated the mode of action of EDU (hereafter MAE) by identifying proteins involved in apoplast and chloroplast pathways. Two wheat varieties viz. Kundan and PBW 343 (hereafter K and P respectively) and three EDU treatments (0= control, 200, and 300 ppm) have been used for the study. In apoplast isolates, proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), amino methyltransferase, catalase, and Germin-like protein have shown active role by maintaining antioxidant defense system under EDU treatment. Differential expression of these proteins leads to enhanced antioxidative defense mechanisms inside and outside the cell. Chloroplast proteins such as Rubisco, Ferredoxin NADP- reductase (FNR), fructose,1-6 bis phosphatase (FBPase), ATP synthase, vacuolar proton ATPase, and chaperonin have regulated their abundance to minimize ozone stress under EDU treatment. After analyzing apoplast and chloroplast protein abundance, we have drawn a schematic representation of the MAE working mechanism. The present study showed that plants can be capable of O3 tolerance, which could be improved by optimizing the apoplast ROS pool under EDU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Gupta
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666 303, Yunnan, China
| | - Marisha Sharma
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Vivek K Maurya
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Farah Deeba
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
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Sen Gupta G, Tiwari S. Role of antioxidant pool in management of ozone stress through soil nitrogen amendments in two cultivars of a tropical legume. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:371-385. [PMID: 33256894 DOI: 10.1071/fp20159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was done on two different cultivars of a tropical legume, Cymopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub. (cluster bean) cvv. Pusa-Naubahar (PUSA-N) and Selection-151 (S-151). The experiment was conducted under ambient ozone (O3) conditions with inputs of three different doses of inorganic nitrogen (N1, recommended; N2, 1.5-times recommended and N3, 2-times recommended) as well as control plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of soil nitrogen amendments in management of ambient ozone stress in the two cultivars of C. tetragonoloba. Our experiment showed that nitrogen amendments can be an efficient measure to manage O3 injury in plants. Stimulation of antioxidant enzyme activities under nitrogen amendments is an important feature of plants that help plants cope with ambient O3 stress. Nitrogen amendments strengthened the antioxidant machinery in a more effective way in the tolerant cultivar PUSA-N, while in the sensitive cultivar S-151, avoidance strategy marked by more reduction in stomatal conductance was more prominent. Enzymes of the Halliwell-Asada pathway, especially ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, were more responsive and synchronised in PUSA-N than S-151, under similar nitrogen amendment regimes and were responsible for the differential sensitivities of the two cultivars of C. tetragonoloba. The present study shows that 1.5-times recommended dose of soil nitrogen amendments was sufficient in partial mitigation of O3 injury and the higher nitrogen dose (2-times recommended, in our case), did not provide any extra advantage to the plant's metabolism compared with plants treated with the lower nitrogen dose (1.5-times recommended).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gereraj Sen Gupta
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Supriya Tiwari
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; and Corresponding author.
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Li S, Moller CA, Mitchell NG, Lee D, Ainsworth EA. Bioenergy sorghum maintains photosynthetic capacity in elevated ozone concentrations. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:729-746. [PMID: 33245145 PMCID: PMC7986789 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Elevated tropospheric ozone concentration (O3 ) significantly reduces photosynthesis and productivity in several C4 crops including maize, switchgrass and sugarcane. However, it is unknown how O3 affects plant growth, development and productivity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), an emerging C4 bioenergy crop. Here, we investigated the effects of elevated O3 on photosynthesis, biomass and nutrient composition of a number of sorghum genotypes over two seasons in the field using free-air concentration enrichment (FACE), and in growth chambers. We also tested if elevated O3 altered the relationship between stomatal conductance and environmental conditions using two common stomatal conductance models. Sorghum genotypes showed significant variability in plant functional traits, including photosynthetic capacity, leaf N content and specific leaf area, but responded similarly to O3 . At the FACE experiment, elevated O3 did not alter net CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs ), stomatal sensitivity to the environment, chlorophyll fluorescence and plant biomass, but led to reductions in the maximum carboxylation capacity of phosphoenolpyruvate and increased stomatal limitation to A in both years. These findings suggest that bioenergy sorghum is tolerant to O3 and could be used to enhance biomass productivity in O3 polluted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and EnvironmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Christopher A. Moller
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUSDA ARSUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Noah G. Mitchell
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUSDA ARSUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - DoKyoung Lee
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUSDA ARSUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of HOS1 Reveals Its Role in the Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010104. [PMID: 33419060 PMCID: PMC7825447 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the RING finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1 (HOS1) functions as a main regulator of the cold signaling. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of the HOS1 gene in the first exon was performed. DNA sequencing showed that frameshift indels introduced by genome editing of HOS1 resulted in the appearance of premature stop codons, disrupting the open reading frame. Obtained hos1Cas9 mutant plants were compared with the SALK T-DNA insertion mutant, line hos1-3, in terms of their tolerance to abiotic stresses, accumulation of secondary metabolites and expression levels of genes participating in these processes. Upon exposure to cold stress, enhanced tolerance and expression of cold-responsive genes were observed in both hos1-3 and hos1Cas9 plants. The hos1 mutation caused changes in the synthesis of phytoalexins in transformed cells. The content of glucosinolates (GSLs) was down-regulated by 1.5-times, while flavonol glycosides were up-regulated by 1.2 to 4.2 times in transgenic plants. The transcript abundance of the corresponding MYB and bHLH transcription factors, which are responsible for the regulation of secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis, were also altered. Our data suggest a relationship between HOS1-regulated downstream signaling and phytoalexin biosynthesis.
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Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Parvin K, Bhuiyan TF, Anee TI, Nahar K, Hossen MS, Zulfiqar F, Alam MM, Fujita M. Regulation of ROS Metabolism in Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review of Recent Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228695. [PMID: 33218014 PMCID: PMC7698618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various environmental stresses singly or in combination generate excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and impaired redox homeostasis. Generation of ROS is the obvious outcome of abiotic stresses and is gaining importance not only for their ubiquitous generation and subsequent damaging effects in plants but also for their diversified roles in signaling cascade, affecting other biomolecules, hormones concerning growth, development, or regulation of stress tolerance. Therefore, a good balance between ROS generation and the antioxidant defense system protects photosynthetic machinery, maintains membrane integrity, and prevents damage to nucleic acids and proteins. Notably, the antioxidant defense system not only scavenges ROS but also regulates the ROS titer for signaling. A glut of studies have been executed over the last few decades to discover the pattern of ROS generation and ROS scavenging. Reports suggested a sharp threshold level of ROS for being beneficial or toxic, depending on the plant species, their growth stages, types of abiotic stresses, stress intensity, and duration. Approaches towards enhancing the antioxidant defense in plants is one of the vital areas of research for plant biologists. Therefore, in this review, we accumulated and discussed the physicochemical basis of ROS production, cellular compartment-specific ROS generation pathways, and their possible distressing effects. Moreover, the function of the antioxidant defense system for detoxification and homeostasis of ROS for maximizing defense is also discussed in light of the latest research endeavors and experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan;
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnim Farha Bhuiyan
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.F.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Taufika Islam Anee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.F.B.); (K.N.)
| | | | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Md. Mahabub Alam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
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28
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The Effects of Ozone on Herbivore-Induced Volatile Emissions of Cultivated and Wild Brassica Rapa. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Since preindustrial times, concentrations of tropospheric ozone, a phytotoxic pollutant, have risen in the Northern Hemisphere. Selective breeding has intentionally modified crop plant traits to improve yield but may have altered plant defenses against abiotic and biotic stresses. This study aims to determine if cultivated and wild plants respond differently to herbivory under elevated ozone. We studied the volatile emissions of four cultivated Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera varieties and one wild population after exposure to ozone or Plutella xylostella larval feeding either individually or together. Ozone modulated the volatiles emitted in response to herbivory by all plant varieties to different extents. We did not observe a clear difference in the effects of ozone on wild and cultivated plants, but cultivated plants had higher volatile emission rates in response to herbivory and ozone had either no effect or increased the herbivore-induced response. Larvae tended to feed more on elevated ozone-treated plants; however, we could not link the increase of feeding to the change in volatile emissions. Our study complements recent studies reporting that selective breeding might not have weakened chemical defenses to biotic and abiotic stresses of cultivated plants.
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Begum H, Alam MS, Feng Y, Koua P, Ashrafuzzaman M, Shrestha A, Kamruzzaman M, Dadshani S, Ballvora A, Naz AA, Frei M. Genetic dissection of bread wheat diversity and identification of adaptive loci in response to elevated tropospheric ozone. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2650-2665. [PMID: 32744331 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rising tropospheric ozone affects the performance of important cereal crops thus threatening global food security. In this study, genetic variation of wheat regarding its physiological and yield responses to ozone was explored by exposing a diversity panel of 150 wheat genotypes to elevated ozone and control conditions throughout the growing season. Differential responses to ozone were observed for foliar symptom formation quantified as leaf bronzing score (LBS), vegetation indices and yield components. Vegetation indices representing the carotenoid to chlorophyll pigment ratio (such as Lic2) were particularly ozone-responsive and were thus considered suitable for the non-invasive diagnosing of ozone stress. Genetic variation in ozone-responsive traits was dissected by a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Significant marker-trait associations were identified for LBS on chromosome 5A and for vegetation indices (NDVI and Lic2) on chromosomes 6B and 6D. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in these chromosomal regions revealed distinct LD blocks containing genes with a putative function in plant redox biology such as cytochrome P450 proteins and peroxidases. This study gives novel insight into the natural genetic variation in wheat ozone response, and lays the foundation for the molecular breeding of tolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasina Begum
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yanru Feng
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrice Koua
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Md Ashrafuzzaman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asis Shrestha
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Said Dadshani
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali Ahmad Naz
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Frei
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Peng J, Xu Y, Shang B, Qu L, Feng Z. Impact of ozone pollution on nitrogen fertilization management during maize (Zea mays L.) production. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115158. [PMID: 32650199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of ozone (O3) on crops have been extensively studied and are well understood. However, little information is available on the response of crops (especially maize) to the interactive effects of O3 and nitrogen (N) fertilizer. To this end, a maize cultivar (Zheng dan 958, ZD958) that is common in China was exposed to two O3 treatments and four N levels. We found that (1) the interactions between O3 and N were non-significant for grain yield, plant biomass, C and N, although N addition significantly increased all parameters except C concentrations in grain and plant; (2) compared to NF (non-filtered ambient air O3 concentration), NF60 (NF plus an extra 60 ppb O3) increased the optimum N application rates (Nopt) in grain yield and plant biomass, but not grain yield and plant biomass potentials, thus resulting in lower N use efficiencies (NUE) and a larger risk of N-related environmental pollution (e.g., increased N2O emission) under Nopt in NF60; (3) because of higher optimum plant N uptake (PNopt) in NF60, relative to NF, plant N-saturated conditions for grain yield potential can be gradually turned into N-limited conditions as O3 pollution increases. These findings manifest that O3 is a vital global change factor impacting the management of N fertilization. If current O3 pollution is substantially reduced, maize yield and biomass potentials can be increased under reductions in N input and N-related environmental pollution. In addition, these results can also contribute in developing and verifying Nopt model considering O3 pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Laiye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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31
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Screening of forty Indian Amaranthus hypochondriacus cultivars for tolerance and susceptibility to tropospheric ozone stress. THE NUCLEUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-020-00335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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32
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Mofikoya AO, Yli-Pirilä P, Kivimäenpää M, Blande JD, Virtanen A, Holopainen JK. Deposition of α-pinene oxidation products on plant surfaces affects plant VOC emission and herbivore feeding and oviposition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114437. [PMID: 32268226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
White cabbage, Brassica oleracea, plants and artificial leaves covered with B. oleracea epicuticular wax were exposed to α-pinene and α-pinene oxidation products formed through the oxidation of α-pinene by ozone (O3) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals. O3 and OH-induced oxidation of α-pinene led to the formation of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and secondary organic aerosol particles (SOA), referred to together as oxidation products (OP). Exposure of cabbage plants to O3 and OH-induced α-pinene OP led to the deposition and re-emission of gas-phase OP by exposed cabbage plants. In a series of 2-choice bioassays, the specialist cruciferous herbivore, Plutella xylostella adults deposited less eggs on artificial leaves exposed to α-pinene OP than on control plants exposed to clean filtered air. P. xylostella larvae did not show a specific feeding preference when offered leaves from different exposure treatments. However, the generalist Indian stick insect, Carausius morosus, fed more on control filtered air-exposed plants than on those exposed to α-pinene OP. Taken together, our results show that exposure to α-pinene oxidation products affects VOC emissions of B. oleracea and alters P. xylostella oviposition and C. morosus feeding responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedayo O Mofikoya
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo K Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Anusaraporn S, Autarmat S, Treesubsuntorn C, Thiravetyan P. Application of Bacillus sp. N7 to enhance ozone tolerance of various Oryza sativa in vegetative phase: Possible mechanism and rice productivity. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Vannini A, Canali G, Pica M, Nali C, Loppi S. The Water Content Drives the Susceptibility of the Lichen Evernia prunastri and the Moss Brachythecium sp. to High Ozone Concentrations. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E90. [PMID: 32349300 PMCID: PMC7284327 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of lichens (Evernia prunastri) and mosses (Brachythecium sp.) to short-term (1 h), acute (1 ppm) O3 fumigation under different hydration states (dry, <10% water content, metabolism almost inactive; wet, >200% water content, metabolism fully active). We hypothesized that stronger damage would occur following exposure under wet conditions. In addition, we checked for the effect of recovery (1 week) after the exposure. Ozone fumigation negatively affected the content of chlorophyll only in wet samples, but in the moss, such a difference was no longer evident after one week of recovery. Photosynthetic efficiency was always impaired by O3 exposure, irrespective of the dry or wet state, and also after one week of recovery, but the effect was much stronger in wet samples. The antioxidant power was increased in wet moss and in dry lichen, while a decrease was found for wet lichens after 1 week. Our results confirm that the tolerance to O3 of lichens and mosses may be determined by their low water content, which is the case during the peaks of O3 occurring during the Mediterranean summer. The role of antioxidant power as a mechanism of resistance to high O3 concentrations needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena and Italy, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Canali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena and Italy, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena and Italy, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.V.); (G.C.)
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Rivkin LR, Nhan VJ, Weis AE, Johnson MTJ. Variation in pollinator-mediated plant reproduction across an urbanization gradient. Oecologia 2020; 192:1073-1083. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Florez-Sarasa I, Fernie AR, Gupta KJ. Does the alternative respiratory pathway offer protection against the adverse effects resulting from climate change? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:465-469. [PMID: 31559421 PMCID: PMC6946008 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated greenhouse gases (GHGs) induce adverse conditions directly and indirectly, causing decreases in plant productivity. To deal with climate change effects, plants have developed various mechanisms including the fine-tuning of metabolism. Plant respiratory metabolism is highly flexible due to the presence of various alternative pathways. The mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) respiratory pathway is responsive to these changes, and several lines of evidence suggest it plays a role in reducing excesses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) while providing metabolic flexibility under stress. Here we discuss the importance of the AOX pathway in dealing with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), and the main abiotic stresses induced by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence:
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Romero AM, Menéndez AI, Folcia AM, Martínez-Ghersa MA. Tolerance to ozone might impose restrictions to plant disease management in tomato. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:47-54. [PMID: 31498556 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) is considered a major air pollutant having negative effects on plant growth and productivity. Background concentrations are expected to rise in several regions of the world in the next 50 years, affecting plant responses to diseases, thus requiring new management strategies for food production. The effects of elevated O3 on the severity of a bacterial disease, and the effectiveness of a chemical defence inducer, were examined in two cultivars of tomato, Roma and Moneymaker, which present different tolerance to this pollutant. The two cultivars differ in their ability to produce and accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaf tissues. Tomato plants were challenged with a strain of Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Xv9, which is pathogenic on tomato. Ozone consistently increased severity of the disease by over 40% in both cultivars. In the more tolerant cultivar, O3 pollution increased disease intensity, even after applying a commercially available product to enhance resistance (acibenzolar-S-methyl, BTH). In the more susceptible cultivar, level of disease attained depended on the oxidative balance that resulted from other stress factors. The antioxidant capacity of the plant at the time of infection was relevant for controlling development of the disease. Our results suggest that development of O3 tolerance in commercial crops might impose a penalty cost in terms of disease management under projected higher O3 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Romero
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A I Menéndez
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Folcia
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Martínez-Ghersa
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFEVA, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Peng J, Shang B, Xu Y, Feng Z, Calatayud V. Effects of ozone on maize (Zea mays L.) photosynthetic physiology, biomass and yield components based on exposure- and flux-response relationships. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113466. [PMID: 31679879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the Industrial Revolution, the global ambient O3 concentration has more than doubled. Negative impact of O3 on some common crops such as wheat and soybeans has been widely recognized, but there is relatively little information about maize, the typical C4 plant and third most important crop worldwide. To partly compensate this knowledge gap, the maize cultivar (Zhengdan 958, ZD958) with maximum planting area in China was exposed to a range of chronic ozone (O3) exposures in open top chambers (OTCs). The O3 effects on this highly important crop were estimated in relation to two O3 metrics, AOT40 (accumulated hourly O3 concentration over a threshold of 40 ppb during daylight hours) and POD6 (Phytotoxic O3 Dose above a threshold flux of 6 nmol O3 m-2 s-1 during a specified period). We found that (1) the reduced light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (Asat) mainly caused by non-stomatal limitations across heading and grain filling stages, but the stomatal limitations at the former stage were stronger than those at the latter stage; (2) impact of O3 on water use efficiency (WUE) of maize was significantly dependent on developmental stage; (3) yield loss induced by O3 was mainly due to a reduction in kernels weight rather than in the number of kernels; (4) the performance of AOT40 and POD6 was similar, according to their determination coefficients (R2); (5) the order of O3 sensitivity among different parameters was photosynthetic parameters > biomass parameters > yield-related parameters; (6) Responses of Asat to O3 between heading and gran filling stages were significantly different based on AOT40 metric, but not POD6. The proposed O3 metrics-response relationships will be valuable for O3 risk assessment in Asia and also for crop productivity models including the influence of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/ Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Using community-based system dynamics modeling to understand the complex systems that influence health in cities: The SALURBAL study. Health Place 2019; 60:102215. [PMID: 31586769 PMCID: PMC6919340 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the design, implementation, and results of a collaborative process designed to elucidate the complex systems that drive food behaviors, transport, and health in Latin American cities and to build capacity for systems thinking and community-based system dynamics (CBSD) methods among diverse research team members and stakeholders. During three CBSD workshops, 62 stakeholders from 10 Latin American countries identified 98 variables and a series of feedback loops that shape food behaviors, transportation and health, along with 52 policy levers. Our findings suggest that CBSD can engage local stakeholders, help them view problems through the lens of complex systems and use their insights to prioritize research efforts and identify novel solutions that consider mechanisms of complexity.
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Li S, Courbet G, Ourry A, Ainsworth EA. Elevated Ozone Concentration Reduces Photosynthetic Carbon Gain but Does Not Alter Leaf Structural Traits, Nutrient Composition or Biomass in Switchgrass. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8040085. [PMID: 30987071 PMCID: PMC6524373 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Elevated tropospheric ozone concentration (O₃) increases oxidative stress in vegetation and threatens the stability of crop production. Current O₃ pollution in the United States is estimated to decrease the yields of maize (Zea mays) up to 10%, however, many bioenergy feedstocks including switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) have not been studied for response to O₃ stress. Using Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) technology, we investigated the impacts of elevated O₃ (~100 nmol mol-1) on leaf photosynthetic traits and capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, the Ball⁻Woodrow⁻Berry (BWB) relationship, respiration, leaf structure, biomass and nutrient composition of switchgrass. Elevated O₃ concentration reduced net CO₂ assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and maximum CO₂ saturated photosynthetic capacity (Vmax), but did not affect other functional and structural traits in switchgrass or the macro- (except potassium) and micronutrient content of leaves. These results suggest that switchgrass exhibits a greater O₃ tolerance than maize, and provide important fundamental data for evaluating the yield stability of a bioenergy feedstock crop and for exploring O₃ sensitivity among bioenergy feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Galatéa Courbet
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, Université Caen Normandie, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France; (G.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Alain Ourry
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, Université Caen Normandie, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France; (G.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
In this short critical perspective, we outline the serious problems caused by air pollution in Europe. Using two types of metrics, level assessment and trend assessment, we quantify the contribution of ammonia, NOx , SOx , non-methane volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter in terms of years of life lost per capita and explain the connection between the various pollutants and their effects on human health and the environment. This is done on the basis of data collected by individual European Union (EU) member states as well as by the EU as a whole. We examine general emission trends as well as sector-specific emissions and discuss the effectiveness of current legislation in reducing health risks and environmental damage. By combining these results with a cost-benefit analysis, we show that a further reduction in NOx emissions is the most urgent and potentially the most beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric D. Koolen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gadi Rothenberg
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Abstract
The Southeast Asian transboundary haze contains a mixture of gases and particles from forest fires and negatively impacts people’s health and local economies. However, the effect of the haze on organisms other than humans has not yet been sufficiently studied. Insects are important members of food webs and environmental disturbances that affect insects may impact whole ecosystems. Here we studied how haze directly and indirectly affects the survival, growth, and development of insects by rearing Bicyclus anynana butterflies under artificially generated smoke as well as reared in clean air but fed on plants previously exposed to smoke. Direct haze exposure significantly increased the mortality of caterpillars, increased larval development time, and decreased pupal weight, while indirect haze exposure, via ingestion of haze-exposed food plants, also affected development time and pupal weight. No smoke particles were found in the tracheae of subjects from the smoke treatment suggesting that the increase in development time and mortality of B. anynana under smoke conditions might be due to toxic smoke gases and toxic food, rather than particulate matter. These results document significant deleterious effect of haze smoke to the development, adult size, and survival of insects, key players in food-webs.
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Mills G, Sharps K, Simpson D, Pleijel H, Frei M, Burkey K, Emberson L, Uddling J, Broberg M, Feng Z, Kobayashi K, Agrawal M. Closing the global ozone yield gap: Quantification and cobenefits for multistress tolerance. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4869-4893. [PMID: 30084165 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing both crop productivity and the tolerance of crops to abiotic and biotic stresses is a major challenge for global food security in our rapidly changing climate. For the first time, we show how the spatial variation and severity of tropospheric ozone effects on yield compare with effects of other stresses on a global scale, and discuss mitigating actions against the negative effects of ozone. We show that the sensitivity to ozone declines in the order soybean > wheat > maize > rice, with genotypic variation in response being most pronounced for soybean and rice. Based on stomatal uptake, we estimate that ozone (mean of 2010-2012) reduces global yield annually by 12.4%, 7.1%, 4.4% and 6.1% for soybean, wheat, rice and maize, respectively (the "ozone yield gaps"), adding up to 227 Tg of lost yield. Our modelling shows that the highest ozone-induced production losses for soybean are in North and South America whilst for wheat they are in India and China, for rice in parts of India, Bangladesh, China and Indonesia, and for maize in China and the United States. Crucially, we also show that the same areas are often also at risk of high losses from pests and diseases, heat stress and to a lesser extent aridity and nutrient stress. In a solution-focussed analysis of these results, we provide a crop ideotype with tolerance of multiple stresses (including ozone) and describe how ozone effects could be included in crop breeding programmes. We also discuss altered crop management approaches that could be applied to reduce ozone impacts in the shorter term. Given the severity of ozone effects on staple food crops in areas of the world that are also challenged by other stresses, we recommend increased attention to the benefits that could be gained from addressing the ozone yield gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - David Simpson
- EMEP MSC-W, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Space, Earth & Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Frei
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Emberson
- Environment Department, Stockholm Environment Institute at York, University of York, York, UK
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Broberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pandey AK, Ghosh A, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. Effect of elevated ozone and varying levels of soil nitrogen in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars: Growth, gas-exchange, antioxidant status, grain yield and quality. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:59-68. [PMID: 29656165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a phytotoxic air pollutant causing a substantial damage to plants and agriculture worldwide. Plant productivity is affected by several environmental factors, which interact with each other. Studies related to interactions involving O3 and different levels of nitrogen (N) are still rare and elusive. In the present study we grew two wheat cultivars (HD2967 and Sonalika) in open top chambers (OTC) under ambient (AO) and elevated O3 (EO) (ambient + 20 ppb O3) and provided two levels of N fertilization; (a) recommended nitrogen (RN), (b) 1.5 times the recommended N (HN). Growth (root/shoot ratio, leaf number and leaf area), biomass, gas-exchange (stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), physiological (chlorophyll and carotenoids), biochemical [antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation (MDA)] parameters and leaf N content were measured at the vegetative and reproductive phases. Yield attributes (spike weight plant-1, grain weight plant-1, grain numbers plant-1, husk weight plant-1, straw weight plant-1, 1000 grain weight, harvest index) and seed N content were analyzed at the final harvest stage. Grain yield plant-1 was decreased in Sonalika under EO irrespective of different levels of N fertilization. Seed N content decreased by 3.9% and 5.6% in HD2967 and Sonalika, respectively, under EO at RN treatment. Antioxidant defense played an important role in protecting the plants against O3 stress which was enhanced under HN treatment. Response of antioxidants varied between the cultivar, growth phase (at the vegetative or reproductive phase) and the N levels (RN or HN). Cultivar HD2967 was characterized by higher biomass, gs and stronger antioxidant protection system, while, Sonalika showed early senescence response (decreased leaf number plant-1, gs) and greater resources allocation towards eco-physiological parameters (increased A and Fv/Fm) at the vegetative phase, resulting in the significant decrease in the yield attributes. Further study warrants the need to screen a large number of cultivars in relation to their response to various levels of N fertilization to minimize the yield losses under highly O3 polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh K Pandey
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Annesha Ghosh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S B Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Mills G, Sharps K, Simpson D, Pleijel H, Broberg M, Uddling J, Jaramillo F, Davies WJ, Dentener F, Van den Berg M, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB, Ainsworth EA, Büker P, Emberson L, Feng Z, Harmens H, Hayes F, Kobayashi K, Paoletti E, Van Dingenen R. Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3560-3574. [PMID: 29604158 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of high-performing crop cultivars and crop/soil water management practices that increase the stomatal uptake of carbon dioxide and photosynthesis will be instrumental in realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving food security. To date, however, global assessments of how to increase crop yield have failed to consider the negative effects of tropospheric ozone, a gaseous pollutant that enters the leaf stomatal pores of plants along with carbon dioxide, and is increasing in concentration globally, particularly in rapidly developing countries. Earlier studies have simply estimated that the largest effects are in the areas with the highest ozone concentrations. Using a modelling method that accounts for the effects of soil moisture deficit and meteorological factors on the stomatal uptake of ozone, we show for the first time that ozone impacts on wheat yield are particularly large in humid rain-fed and irrigated areas of major wheat-producing countries (e.g. United States, France, India, China and Russia). Averaged over 2010-2012, we estimate that ozone reduces wheat yields by a mean 9.9% in the northern hemisphere and 6.2% in the southern hemisphere, corresponding to some 85 Tg (million tonnes) of lost grain. Total production losses in developing countries receiving Official Development Assistance are 50% higher than those in developed countries, potentially reducing the possibility of achieving UN SDG2. Crucially, our analysis shows that ozone could reduce the potential yield benefits of increasing irrigation usage in response to climate change because added irrigation increases the uptake and subsequent negative effects of the pollutant. We show that mitigation of air pollution in a changing climate could play a vital role in achieving the above-mentioned UN SDG, while also contributing to other SDGs related to human health and well-being, ecosystems and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - David Simpson
- EMEP MSC-W, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Broberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fernando Jaramillo
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William J Davies
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Frank Dentener
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Büker
- Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Agathokleous E, Kitao M, Qingnan C, Saitanis CJ, Paoletti E, Manning WJ, Watanabe T, Koike T. Effects of ozone (O 3) and ethylenediurea (EDU) on the ecological stoichiometry of a willow grown in a free-air exposure system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:663-676. [PMID: 29621726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations have been elevating in the last century. While there has been a notable progress in understanding O3 effects on vegetation, O3 effects on ecological stoichiometry remain unclear, especially early in the oxidative stress. Ethyelenediurea (EDU) is a chemical compound widely applied in research projects as protectant of plants against O3 injury, however its mode of action remains unclear. To investigate O3 and EDU effects early in the stress, we sprayed willow (Salix sachalinensis) plants with 0, 200 or 400 mg EDU L-1, and exposed them to either low ambient O3 (AOZ) or elevated O3 (EOZ) levels during the daytime, for about one month, in a free air O3 controlled exposure (FACE); EDU treatment was repeated every nine days. We collected samples for analyses from basal, top, and shed leaves, before leaves develop visible O3 symptoms. We found that O3 altered the ecological stoichiometry, including impacts in nutrient resorption efficiency, early in the stress. The relation between P content and Fe content seemed to have a critical role in maintaining homeostasis in an effort to prevent O3-induced damage. Photosynthetic pigments and P content appeared to play an important role in EDU mode of action. This study provides novel insights on the stress biology which are of ecological and toxicological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8516, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8516, Japan
| | - Chu Qingnan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan; Institue of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - William J Manning
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Toshihiro Watanabe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
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47
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Li S, Tosens T, Harley PC, Jiang Y, Kanagendran A, Grosberg M, Jaamets K, Niinemets Ü. Glandular trichomes as a barrier against atmospheric oxidative stress: Relationships with ozone uptake, leaf damage, and emission of LOX products across a diverse set of species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1263-1277. [PMID: 29292838 PMCID: PMC5936637 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a spectacular variability in trichome types and densities and trichome metabolites across species, but the functional implications of this variability in protecting from atmospheric oxidative stresses remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective role of glandular and non-glandular trichomes against ozone stress. We investigated the interspecific variation in types and density of trichomes and how these traits were associated with elevated ozone impacts on visible leaf damage, net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and emissions of lipoxygenase pathway products in 24 species with widely varying trichome characteristics and taxonomy. Both peltate and capitate glandular trichomes played a critical role in reducing leaf ozone uptake, but no impact of non-glandular trichomes was observed. Across species, the visible ozone damage varied 10.1-fold, reduction in net assimilation rate 3.3-fold, and release of lipoxygenase compounds 14.4-fold, and species with lower glandular trichome density were more sensitive to ozone stress and more vulnerable to ozone damage compared to species with high glandular trichome density. These results demonstrate that leaf surface glandular trichomes constitute a major factor in reducing ozone toxicity and function as a chemical barrier that neutralizes the ozone before it enters the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter C. Harley
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mirjam Grosberg
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristen Jaamets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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48
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Li C, Song Y, Guo L, Gu X, Muminov MA, Wang T. Nitric oxide alleviates wheat yield reduction by protecting photosynthetic system from oxidation of ozone pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:296-303. [PMID: 29414351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated industrialization has been increasing releases of chemical precursors of ozone. Ozone concentration has risen nowadays, and it's predicted that this trend will continue in the next few decades. The yield of many ozone-sensitive crops suffers seriously from ozone pollution, and there are abundant reports exploring the damage mechanisms of ozone to these crops, such as winter wheat. However, little is known on how to alleviate these negative impacts to increase grain production under elevated ozone. Nitric oxide, as a bioactive gaseous, mediates a variety of physiological processes and plays a central role in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, the accumulation of endogenous nitric oxide in wheat leaves was found to increase in response to ozone. To study the functions of nitric oxide, its precursor sodium nitroprusside was spayed to wheat leaves under ozone pollution. Wheat leaves spayed with sodium nitroprusside accumulated less hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage under ozone pollution, which can be accounted for by the higher activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase than in leaves treated without sodium nitroprusside. Consequently, net photosynthetic rate of wheat treated using sodium nitroprusside was much higher, and yield reduction was alleviated under ozone fumigation. These findings are important for our understanding of the potential roles of nitric oxide in responses of crops in general and wheat in particular to ozone pollution, and provide a viable method to mitigate the detrimental effects on crop production induced by ozone pollution, which is valuable for keeping food security worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Yanjie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Liyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Xian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mahmud A Muminov
- Laboratory of Environmental Problems, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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49
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Telesnicki MC, Martínez-Ghersa MA, Ghersa CM. Plant oxidative status under ozone pollution as predictor for aphid population growth: The case of Metopolophium dirhodum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Triticum aestivum (Poales: Poaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Singh AA, Fatima A, Mishra AK, Chaudhary N, Mukherjee A, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. Assessment of ozone toxicity among 14 Indian wheat cultivars under field conditions: growth and productivity. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:190. [PMID: 29502252 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a well-known threat to global agricultural production. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the second most important staple crop in India, although little is known about intra-specific variability of Indian wheat cultivars in terms of their sensitivity against O3. In this study, 14 wheat cultivars widely grown in India were exposed to 30 ppb elevated O3 above ambient level using open top chambers to evaluate their response against O3 stress. Different growth and physiological parameters, foliar injury and grain yield were evaluated to assess the sensitivity of cultivars and classified them on the basis of their cumulative stress response index (CSRI). Due to elevated O3, growth parameters, plant biomass, and photosynthetic rates were negatively affected, whereas variable reductions in yield were observed among the test cultivars. Based on CSRI values, HD 2987, DBW 50, DBW 77, and PBW 550 were classified as O3 sensitive; HD 2967, NIAW 34, HD 3059, PBW 502, HUW 213, and HUW 251 as intermediately sensitive, while HUW12, KUNDAN, HUW 55, and KHARCHIYA 65 were found to be O3-tolerant cultivars. Cultivars released after year 2000 were found to be more sensitive compared to earlier released cultivars. Path analysis approach showed that leaf area, plant biomass, stomatal conductance, net assimilation rate, and absolute growth rate were the most important variables influencing yield under O3 stress. Findings of the current study highlight the importance of assessing differential sensitivity and tolerance of wheat cultivars and response of different traits in developing resistance against elevated O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Abha Singh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Adeeb Fatima
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Amit Kumar Mishra
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Rager Blvd, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nivedita Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Field Crops and Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Centre, 85280, M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Arideep Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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