1
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Sageman-Furnas K, Duarte GT, Laitinen RAE. Detailing Early Shoot Growth Arrest in Kro-0 x BG-5 Hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:420-427. [PMID: 38153761 PMCID: PMC11020215 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Shoot growth directly impacts plant productivity. Plants adjust their shoot growth in response to varying environments to maximize resource capture and stress resilience. While several factors controlling shoot growth are known, the complexity of the regulation and the input of the environment are not fully understood. We have investigated shoot growth repression induced by low ambient temperatures in hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana Kro-0 and BG-5 accessions. To continue our previous studies, we confirmed that the Kro-0 allele of DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN 3B causes stunted shoot growth in the BG-5 background. We also found that shoot growth repression was most pronounced near the apex at a lower temperature and that the cells in the hybrid stem failed to elongate correctly. Furthermore, we observed that shoot growth repression in hybrids depended on light availability. Global gene expression analysis indicated the involvement of hormones, especially strigolactone, associated with the dwarf phenotype. Altogether, this study enhances our knowledge on the genetic, physiological and environmental factors associated with shoot growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Sageman-Furnas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
| | - Gustavo T Duarte
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Unit for Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Roosa A E Laitinen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Organismal and Evolutionary Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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2
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Jan M, Muhammad S, Jin W, Zhong W, Zhang S, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Liu H, Munir R, Yue Q, Afzal M, Wang G. Modulating root system architecture: cross-talk between auxin and phytohormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343928. [PMID: 38390293 PMCID: PMC10881875 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Root architecture is an important agronomic trait that plays an essential role in water uptake, soil compactions, nutrient recycling, plant-microbe interactions, and hormone-mediated signaling pathways. Recently, significant advancements have been made in understanding how the complex interactions of phytohormones regulate the dynamic organization of root architecture in crops. Moreover, phytohormones, particularly auxin, act as internal regulators of root development in soil, starting from the early organogenesis to the formation of root hair (RH) through diverse signaling mechanisms. However, a considerable gap remains in understanding the hormonal cross-talk during various developmental stages of roots. This review examines the dynamic aspects of phytohormone signaling, cross-talk mechanisms, and the activation of transcription factors (TFs) throughout various developmental stages of the root life cycle. Understanding these developmental processes, together with hormonal signaling and molecular engineering in crops, can improve our knowledge of root development under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmood Jan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sajid Muhammad
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weicai Jin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Heyuan Division of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhao Zhong
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Heyuan Division of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjie Lin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueni Zhou
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Heyuan Division of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Raheel Munir
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Heyuan Division of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
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3
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Li K, Cheng Y, Fang C. OsDWARF10, transcriptionally repressed by OsSPL3, regulates the nutritional metabolism of polished rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1322463. [PMID: 38130489 PMCID: PMC10733476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1322463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone (SL) plays essential roles in plant development and the metabolism of rice leaves. However, the impact of SL on the accumulation of nutritional metabolites in polished rice, as well as the transcription factors directly involved in SL synthesis, remains elusive. In this study, we performed a metabolome analysis on polished rice samples from mutants of an SL biosynthetic gene, OsDWARF10 (OsD10). Compared with those in the wild type plants, primary and secondary metabolites exhibited a series of alterations in the d10 mutants. Notably, the d10 mutants showed a substantial increase in the amino acids and vitamins content. Through a yeast one-hybridization screening assay, we identified OsSPL3 as a transcription factor that binds to the OsD10 promoter, thereby inhibiting OsD10 transcription in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we conducted a metabolic profiling analysis in polished rice from plants that overexpressed OsSPL3 and observed enhanced levels of amino acids and vitamins. This study identified a novel transcriptional repressor of the SL biosynthetic gene and elucidated the regulatory roles of OsSPL3 and OsD10 on the accumulation of nutritional metabolites in polished rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Scool of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chuanying Fang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Scool of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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4
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Boyno G, Rezaee Danesh Y, Demir S, Teniz N, Mulet JM, Porcel R. The Complex Interplay between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Strigolactone: Mechanisms, Sinergies, Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16774. [PMID: 38069097 PMCID: PMC10706366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, the cornerstone of life on Earth, are constantly struggling with a number of challenges arising from both biotic and abiotic stressors. To overcome these adverse factors, plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms involving both a number of cell signaling pathways and a complex network of interactions with microorganisms. Among these interactions, the relationship between symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and strigolactones (SLs) stands as an important interplay that has a significant impact on increased resistance to environmental stresses and improved nutrient uptake and the subsequent enhanced plant growth. AMF establishes mutualistic partnerships with plants by colonizing root systems, and offers a range of benefits, such as increased nutrient absorption, improved water uptake and increased resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. SLs play a fundamental role in shaping root architecture, promoting the growth of lateral roots and regulating plant defense responses. AMF can promote the production and release of SLs by plants, which in turn promote symbiotic interactions due to their role as signaling molecules with the ability to attract beneficial microbes. The complete knowledge of this synergy has the potential to develop applications to optimize agricultural practices, improve nutrient use efficiency and ultimately increase crop yields. This review explores the roles played by AMF and SLs in plant development and stress tolerance, highlighting their individual contributions and the synergistic nature of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Boyno
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Younes Rezaee Danesh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Semra Demir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Necmettin Teniz
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Madison I, Gillan L, Peace J, Gabrieli F, Van den Broeck L, Jones JL, Sozzani R. Phosphate starvation: response mechanisms and solutions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6417-6430. [PMID: 37611151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is essential to plant growth and agricultural crop yields, yet the challenges associated with phosphorus fertilization in agriculture, such as aquatic runoff pollution and poor phosphorus bioavailability, are increasingly difficult to manage. Comprehensively understanding the dynamics of phosphorus uptake and signaling mechanisms will inform the development of strategies to address these issues. This review describes regulatory mechanisms used by specific tissues in the root apical meristem to sense and take up phosphate from the rhizosphere. The major regulatory mechanisms and related hormone crosstalk underpinning phosphate starvation responses, cellular phosphate homeostasis, and plant adaptations to phosphate starvation are also discussed, along with an overview of the major mechanism of plant systemic phosphate starvation responses. Finally, this review discusses recent promising genetic engineering strategies for improving crop phosphorus use and computational approaches that may help further design strategies for improved plant phosphate acquisition. The mechanisms and approaches presented include a wide variety of species including not only Arabidopsis but also crop species such as Oryza sativa (rice), Glycine max (soybean), and Triticum aestivum (wheat) to address both general and species-specific mechanisms and strategies. The aspects of phosphorus deficiency responses and recently employed strategies of improving phosphate acquisition that are detailed in this review may provide insights into the mechanisms or phenotypes that may be targeted in efforts to improve crop phosphorus content and plant growth in low phosphorus soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imani Madison
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lydia Gillan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jasmine Peace
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Flavio Gabrieli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DII), Università degli studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Yuan Y, Khourchi S, Li S, Du Y, Delaplace P. Unlocking the Multifaceted Mechanisms of Bud Outgrowth: Advances in Understanding Shoot Branching. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3628. [PMID: 37896091 PMCID: PMC10610460 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a complex and tightly regulated developmental process that is essential for determining plant architecture and crop yields. The outgrowth of tiller buds is a crucial step in shoot branching, and it is influenced by a variety of internal and external cues. This review provides an extensive overview of the genetic, plant hormonal, and environmental factors that regulate shoot branching in several plant species, including rice, Arabidopsis, tomato, and wheat. We especially highlight the central role of TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 (TB1), a key gene in orchestrating bud outgrowth. In addition, we discuss how the phytohormones cytokinins, strigolactones, and auxin interact to regulate tillering/branching. We also shed light on the involvement of sugar, an integral component of plant development, which can impact bud outgrowth in both trophic and signaling ways. Finally, we emphasize the substantial influence of environmental factors, such as light, temperature, water availability, biotic stresses, and nutrients, on shoot branching. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive evaluation of the multifaced regulatory mechanisms that underpin shoot branching and highlights the adaptable nature of plants to survive and persist in fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Said Khourchi
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Shujia Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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7
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Popa DG, Georgescu F, Dumitrascu F, Shova S, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Draghici C, Vladulescu L, Oancea F. Novel Strigolactone Mimics That Modulate Photosynthesis and Biomass Accumulation in Chlorella sorokiniana. Molecules 2023; 28:7059. [PMID: 37894539 PMCID: PMC10609326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In terrestrial plants, strigolactones act as multifunctional endo- and exo-signals. On microalgae, the strigolactones determine akin effects: induce symbiosis formation with fungi and bacteria and enhance photosynthesis efficiency and accumulation of biomass. This work aims to synthesize and identify strigolactone mimics that promote photosynthesis and biomass accumulation in microalgae with biotechnological potential. Novel strigolactone mimics easily accessible in significant amounts were prepared and fully characterized. The first two novel compounds contain 3,5-disubstituted aryloxy moieties connected to the bioactive furan-2-one ring. In the second group of compounds, a benzothiazole ring is connected directly through the cyclic nitrogen atom to the bioactive furan-2-one ring. The novel strigolactone mimics were tested on Chlorella sorokiniana NIVA-CHL 176. All tested strigolactones increased the accumulation of chlorophyll b in microalgae biomass. The SL-F3 mimic, 3-(4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one (7), proved the most efficient. This compound, applied at a concentration of 10-7 M, determined a significant biomass accumulation, higher by more than 15% compared to untreated control, and improved the quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II. SL-F2 mimic, 5-(3,5-dibromophenoxy)-3-methyl-5H-furan-2-one (4), applied at a concentration of 10-9 M, improved protein production and slightly stimulated biomass accumulation. Potential utilization of the new strigolactone mimics as microalgae biostimulants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gabriela Popa
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.P.); (D.C.-A.)
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bd. Mărăști Nr. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Georgescu
- Enpro Soctech Com., Str. Elefterie Nr. 51, Sector 5, 050524 Bucharest, Romania; (F.G.); (L.V.)
| | - Florea Dumitrascu
- “Costin D. Nenițescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 202B, Sector 6, 060023 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Shova
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda Nr. 41-A, 700487 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.P.); (D.C.-A.)
| | - Constantin Draghici
- “Costin D. Nenițescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 202B, Sector 6, 060023 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lucian Vladulescu
- Enpro Soctech Com., Str. Elefterie Nr. 51, Sector 5, 050524 Bucharest, Romania; (F.G.); (L.V.)
| | - Florin Oancea
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței Nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.P.); (D.C.-A.)
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bd. Mărăști Nr. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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8
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Van Dingenen J, De Keyser A, Desmet S, Clarysse A, Beullens S, Michiels J, Planque M, Goormachtig S. Strigolactones repress nodule development and senescence in pea. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:7-22. [PMID: 37608631 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are a class of phytohormones that are involved in many different plant developmental processes, including the rhizobium-legume nodule symbiosis. Although both positive and negative effects of strigolactones on the number of nodules have been reported, the influence of strigolactones on nodule development is still unknown. Here, by means of the ramosus (rms) mutants of Pisum sativum (pea) cv Terese, we investigated the impact of strigolactone biosynthesis (rms1 and rms5) and signaling (rms3 and rms4) mutants on nodule growth. The rms mutants had more red, that is, functional, and larger nodules than the wild-type plants. Additionally, the increased nitrogen fixation and senescence zones with consequently reduced meristematic and infection zones indicated that the rms nodules developed faster than the wild-type nodules. An enhanced expression of the nodule zone-specific molecular markers for meristem activity and senescence supported the enlarged, fast maturing nodules. Interestingly, the master nodulation regulator, NODULE INCEPTION, NIN, was strongly induced in nodules of all rms mutants but not prior to inoculation. Determination of sugar levels with both bulk and spatial metabolomics in roots and nodules, respectively, hints at slightly increased malic acid levels early during nodule primordia formation and reduced sugar levels at later stages, possibly the consequence of an increased carbon usage of the enlarged nodules, contributing to the enhanced senescence. Taken together, these results suggest that strigolactones regulate the development of nodules, which is probably mediated through NIN, and available plant sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Van Dingenen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick De Keyser
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandrien Desmet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Clarysse
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge Beullens
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Planque
- Spatial Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Lian Y, Lian C, Wang L, Li Z, Yuan G, Xuan L, Gao H, Wu H, Yang T, Wang C. SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 LIKE 6, 7, and 8 Interact with DDB1 BINDING WD REPEAT DOMAIN HYPERSENSITIVE TO ABA DEFICIENT 1 to Regulate the Drought Tolerance and Target SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 1 RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2.3 to Abscisic Acid Response in Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1406. [PMID: 37759806 PMCID: PMC10526831 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2-LIKE 6, 7, and 8 (SMXL6,7,8) function as repressors and transcription factors of the strigolactone (SL) signaling pathway, playing an important role in the development and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the molecular mechanism by which SMXL6,7,8 negatively regulate drought tolerance and ABA response remains largely unexplored. In the present study, the interacting protein and downstream target genes of SMXL6,7,8 were investigated. Our results showed that the substrate receptor for the CUL4-based E3 ligase DDB1-BINDING WD-REPEAT DOMAIN (DWD) HYPERSENSITIVE TO ABA DEFICIENT 1 (ABA1) (DWA1) physically interacted with SMXL6,7,8. The degradation of SMXL6,7,8 proteins were partially dependent on DWA1. Disruption of SMXL6,7,8 resulted in increased drought tolerance and could restore the drought-sensitive phenotype of the dwa1 mutant. In addition, SMXL6,7,8 could directly bind to the promoter of SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 1 (SNF1)-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2.3 (SnRK2.3) to repress its transcription. The mutations in SnRK2.2/2.3 significantly suppressed the hypersensitivity of smxl6/7/8 to ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. Conclusively, SMXL6,7,8 interact with DWA1 to negatively regulate drought tolerance and target ABA-response genes. These data provide insights into drought tolerance and ABA response in Arabidopsis via the SMXL6,7,8-mediated SL signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Yang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.L.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (Z.L.); (G.Y.); (L.X.); (H.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Chongying Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.L.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (Z.L.); (G.Y.); (L.X.); (H.G.); (H.W.)
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10
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Dun EA, Brewer PB, Gillam EMJ, Beveridge CA. Strigolactones and Shoot Branching: What Is the Real Hormone and How Does It Work? PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:967-983. [PMID: 37526426 PMCID: PMC10504579 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
There have been substantial advances in our understanding of many aspects of strigolactone regulation of branching since the discovery of strigolactones as phytohormones. These include further insights into the network of phytohormones and other signals that regulate branching, as well as deep insights into strigolactone biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, perception and downstream signaling. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of how the strigolactone pathway co-ordinately and dynamically regulates bud outgrowth and pose some important outstanding questions that are yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip B Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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11
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Ma B, Zhu J, Huang X. Diversification of plant SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-like genes and genome-wide identification and characterization of cotton SMXL gene family. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:419. [PMID: 37691127 PMCID: PMC10494346 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) are a recently discovered class of plant hormones. SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-like proteins, key component of the SL signaling pathway, have been studied extensively for their roles in regulating plant growth and development, such as plant branching. However, systematic identification and functional characterization of SMXL genes in cotton (Gossypium sp.), an important fiber and oil crop, has rarely been conducted. RESULTS We identified 210 SMXL genes from 21 plant genomes and examined their evolutionary relationships. The structural characteristics of the SMXL genes and their encoded proteins exhibited both consistency and diversity. All plant SMXL proteins possess a conserved Clp-N domain, P-loop NTPase, and EAR motif. We identified 63 SMXL genes in cotton and classified these into four evolutionary branches. Gene expression analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of GhSMXL genes, with some upregulated in response to GR24 treatment. Protein co-expression network analysis showed that GhSMXL6, GhSMXL7-1, and GhSMXL7-2 mainly interact with proteins functioning in growth and development, while virus-induced gene silencing revealed that GhSMAX1-1 and GhSMAX1-2 suppress the growth and development of axillary buds. CONCLUSIONS SMXL gene family members show evolutionary diversification through the green plant lineage. GhSMXL6/7-1/7-2 genes play critical roles in the SL signaling pathway, while GhSMXL1-1 and GhSMXL1-2 function redundantly in growth of axillary buds. Characterization of the cotton SMXL gene family provides new insights into their roles in responding to SL signals and in plant growth and development. Genes identified in this study could be used as the candidate genes for improvement of plant architecture and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China.
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12
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Kurepa J, Smalle JA. Plant Hormone Modularity and the Survival-Reproduction Trade-Off. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1143. [PMID: 37627027 PMCID: PMC10452219 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological modularity refers to the organization of living systems into separate functional units that interact in different combinations to promote individual well-being and species survival. Modularity provides a framework for generating and selecting variations that can lead to adaptive evolution. While the exact mechanisms underlying the evolution of modularity are still being explored, it is believed that the pressure of conflicting demands on limited resources is a primary selection force. One prominent example of conflicting demands is the trade-off between survival and reproduction. In this review, we explore the available evidence regarding the modularity of plant hormones within the context of the survival-reproduction trade-off. Our findings reveal that the cytokinin module is dedicated to maximizing reproduction, while the remaining hormone modules function to ensure reproduction. The signaling mechanisms of these hormone modules reflect their roles in this survival-reproduction trade-off. While the cytokinin response pathway exhibits a sequence of activation events that aligns with the developmental robustness expected from a hormone focused on reproduction, the remaining hormone modules employ double-negative signaling mechanisms, which reflects the necessity to prevent the excessive allocation of resources to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan A. Smalle
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;
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13
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Gu P, Tao W, Tao J, Sun H, Hu R, Wang D, Zong G, Xie X, Ruan W, Xu G, Yi K, Zhang Y. The D14-SDEL1-SPX4 cascade integrates the strigolactone and phosphate signalling networks in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:673-686. [PMID: 37194447 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture needs large quantities of phosphate (Pi) fertilisers to obtain high yields. Information on how plants sense and adapt to Pi is required to enhance phosphorus-use efficiency (PUE) and thereby promote agricultural sustainability. Here, we show that strigolactones (SLs) regulate rice root developmental and metabolic adaptations to low Pi, by promoting efficient Pi uptake and translocation from roots to shoots. Low Pi stress triggers the synthesis of SLs, which dissociate the Pi central signalling module of SPX domain-containing protein (SPX4) and PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE protein (PHR2), leading to the release of PHR2 into the nucleus and activating the expression of Pi-starvation-induced genes including Pi transporters. The SL synthetic analogue GR24 enhances the interaction between the SL receptor DWARF 14 (D14) and a RING-finger ubiquitin E3 ligase (SDEL1). The sdel mutants have a reduced response to Pi starvation relative to wild-type plants, leading to insensitive root adaptation to Pi. Also, SLs induce the degradation of SPX4 via forming the D14-SDEL1-SPX4 complex. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying crosstalk between the SL and Pi signalling networks in response to Pi fluctuations, which will enable breeding of high-PUE crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Huwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ripeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Daojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxinan Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Utsunomiya University, 321-8505, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Wenyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, 210095, Nanjing, China
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14
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Korek M, Marzec M. Strigolactones and abscisic acid interactions affect plant development and response to abiotic stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:314. [PMID: 37308831 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) are the youngest group of plant hormones responsible for shaping plant architecture, especially the branching of shoots. However, recent studies provided new insights into the functioning of SL, confirming their participation in regulating the plant response to various types of abiotic stresses, including water deficit, soil salinity and osmotic stress. On the other hand, abscisic acid (ABA), commonly referred as a stress hormone, is the molecule that crucially controls the plant response to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SL and ABA share a common precursor in their biosynthetic pathways, the interaction between both phytohormones has been largely studied in the literature. Under optimal growth conditions, the balance between ABA and SL content is maintained to ensure proper plant development. At the same time, the water deficit tends to inhibit SL accumulation in the roots, which serves as a sensing mechanism for drought, and empowers the ABA production, which is necessary for plant defense responses. The SL-ABA cross-talk at the signaling level, especially regarding the closing of the stomata under drought conditions, still remains poorly understood. Enhanced SL content in shoots is likely to stimulate the plant sensitivity to ABA, thus reducing the stomatal conductance and improving the plant survival rate. Besides, it was proposed that SL might promote the closing of stomata in an ABA-independent way. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the SL and ABA interactions by providing new insights into the function, perception and regulation of both phytohormones during abiotic stress response of plants, as well as revealing the gaps in the current knowledge of SL-ABA cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Korek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| | - Marek Marzec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
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15
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Veerabagu M, van der Schoot C, Turečková V, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Rinne PLH. Light on perenniality: Para-dormancy is based on ABA-GA antagonism and endo-dormancy on the shutdown of GA biosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1785-1804. [PMID: 36760106 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Perennial para- and endo-dormancy are seasonally separate phenomena. Whereas para-dormancy is the suppression of axillary buds (AXBs) by a growing shoot, endo-dormancy is the short-day elicited arrest of terminal and AXBs. In hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) compromising the apex releases para-dormancy, whereas endo-dormancy requires chilling. ABA and GA are implicated in both phenomena. To untangle their roles, we blocked ABA biosynthesis with fluridone (FD), which significantly reduced ABA levels, downregulated GA-deactivation genes, upregulated the major GA3ox-biosynthetic genes, and initiated branching. Comprehensive GA-metabolite analyses suggested that FD treatment shifted GA production to the non-13-hydroxylation pathway, enhancing GA4 function. Applied ABA counteracted FD effects on GA metabolism and downregulated several GA3/4 -inducible α- and γ-clade 1,3-β-glucanases that hydrolyze callose at plasmodesmata (PD), thereby enhancing PD-callose accumulation. Remarkably, ABA-deficient plants repressed GA4 biosynthesis and established endo-dormancy like controls but showed increased stress sensitivity. Repression of GA4 biosynthesis involved short-day induced DNA methylation events within the GA3ox2 promoter. In conclusion, the results cast new light on the roles of ABA and GA in dormancy cycling. In para-dormancy, PD-callose turnover is antagonized by ABA, whereas in short-day conditions, lack of GA4 biosynthesis promotes callose deposition that is structurally persistent throughout endo-dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Päivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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16
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Guercio AM, Palayam M, Shabek N. Strigolactones: diversity, perception, and hydrolysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:339-360. [PMID: 37201177 PMCID: PMC10191409 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a unique and novel class of phytohormones that regulate numerous processes of growth and development in plants. Besides their endogenous functions as hormones, SLs are exuded by plant roots to stimulate critical interactions with symbiotic fungi but can also be exploited by parasitic plants to trigger their seed germination. In the past decade, since their discovery as phytohormones, rapid progress has been made in understanding the SL biosynthesis and signaling pathway. Of particular interest are the diversification of natural SLs and their exact mode of perception, selectivity, and hydrolysis by their dedicated receptors in plants. Here we provide an overview of the emerging field of SL perception with a focus on the diversity of canonical, non-canonical, and synthetic SL probes. Moreover, this review offers useful structural insights into SL perception, the precise molecular adaptations that define receptor-ligand specificities, and the mechanisms of SL hydrolysis and its attenuation by downstream signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Malathy Palayam
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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17
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Hellens AM, Chabikwa TG, Fichtner F, Brewer PB, Beveridge CA. Identification of new potential downstream transcriptional targets of the strigolactone pathway including glucosinolate biosynthesis. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e486. [PMID: 36945724 PMCID: PMC10024969 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones regulate shoot branching and many aspects of plant growth, development, and allelopathy. Strigolactones are often discussed alongside auxin because they work together to inhibit shoot branching. However, the roles and mechanisms of strigolactones and how they act independently of auxin are still elusive. Additionally, there is still much in general to be discovered about the network of molecular regulators and their interactions in response to strigolactones. Here, we conducted an experiment in Arabidopsis with physiological treatments and strigolactone mutants to determine transcriptional pathways associated with strigolactones. The three physiological treatments included shoot tip removal with and without auxin treatment and treatment of intact plants with the auxin transport inhibitor, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). We identified the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway as being upregulated across strigolactone mutants indicating strigolactone-glucosinolate crosstalk. Additionally, strigolactone application cannot restore the highly branched phenotype observed in glucosinolate biosynthesis mutants, placing glucosinolate biosynthesis downstream of strigolactone biosynthesis. Oxidative stress genes were enriched across the experiment suggesting that this process is mediated through multiple hormones. Here, we also provide evidence supporting non-auxin-mediated, negative feedback on strigolactone biosynthesis. Increases in strigolactone biosynthesis gene expression seen in strigolactone mutants could not be fully restored by auxin. By contrast, auxin could fully restore auxin-responsive gene expression increases, but not sugar signaling-related gene expression. Our data also point to alternative roles of the strigolactone biosynthesis genes and potential new signaling functions of strigolactone precursors. In this study, we identify a strigolactone-specific regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes indicating that the two are linked and may work together in regulating stress and shoot ranching responses in Arabidopsis. Additionally, we provide evidence for non-auxinmediated feedback on strigolactone biosynthesis and discuss this in the context of sugar signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Hellens
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tinashe G. Chabikwa
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- Institute for Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Philip B. Brewer
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineThe University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Christine A. Beveridge
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
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18
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Rani V, Sengar RS, Garg SK, Mishra P, Shukla PK. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Physiological and Molecular Role of Strigolactones as Plant Growth Regulators: A Review. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00694-2. [PMID: 36802323 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Rani
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - R S Sengar
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Garg
- M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243006, India
| | - Pragati Mishra
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Shukla
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
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19
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Cheng X, Huang Y, Tan Y, Tan L, Yin J, Zou G. Potentially Useful Dwarfing or Semi-dwarfing Genes in Rice Breeding in Addition to the sd1 Gene. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:66. [PMID: 36542176 PMCID: PMC9772376 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The "Green revolution" gene sd1 has been used widely in the breeding of modern rice varieties for over half a century. The application of this gene has increased rice yields and thereby supported a significant proportion of the global population. The use of a single gene, however, has raised concerns in the scientific community regarding its durability, especially given the bottleneck in genetic background and the need for large input of fertilizer. New dwarfing or semi-dwarfing genes are needed to alleviate our dependence on the sole "Green revolution" gene. In the past few years, several new dwarfing and semi-dwarfing genes as well as their mutants have been reported. Here, we provide an extensive review of the recent discoveries concerning newly identified genes that are potentially useful in rice breeding, including methods employed to create and effectively screen new rice mutants, the phenotypic characteristics of the new dwarfing and semi-dwarfing mutants, potential values of the new dwarfing and semi-dwarfing genes in rice breeding, and potential molecular mechanisms associated with the newly identified genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yi Chun, 336000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tan
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yi Chun, 336000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tan
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yi Chun, 336000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxing Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Soliman S, Wang Y, Han Z, Pervaiz T, El-kereamy A. Strigolactones in Plants and Their Interaction with the Ecological Microbiome in Response to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3499. [PMID: 36559612 PMCID: PMC9781102 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play an essential role in enhancing plant tolerance by responding to abiotic stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, drought, high temperature, and light stress. Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid derivatives that occur naturally in plants and are defined as novel phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism, growth, and development. Strigolactone assists plants in the acquisition of defensive characteristics against drought stress by initiating physiological responses and mediating the interaction with soil microorganisms. Nutrient deficiency is an important abiotic stress factor, hence, plants perform many strategies to survive against nutrient deficiency, such as enhancing the efficiency of nutrient uptake and forming beneficial relationships with microorganisms. Strigolactone attracts various microorganisms and provides the roots with essential elements, including nitrogen and phosphorus. Among these advantageous microorganisms are arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), which regulate plant metabolic activities through phosphorus providing in roots. Bacterial nodulations are also nitrogen-fixing microorganisms found in plant roots. This symbiotic relationship is maintained as the plant provides organic molecules, produced in the leaves, that the bacteria could otherwise not independently generate. Related stresses, such as light stress and high-temperature stress, could be affected directly or indirectly by strigolactone. However, the messengers of these processes are unknown. The most prominent connector messengers have been identified upon the discovery of SLs and the understanding of their hormonal effect. In addition to attracting microorganisms, these groups of phytohormones affect photosynthesis, bridge other phytohormones, induce metabolic compounds. In this article, we highlighted the brief information available on SLs as a phytohormone group regarding their common related effects. In addition, we reviewed the status and described the application of SLs and plant response to abiotic stresses. This allowed us to comprehend plants' communication with the ecological microbiome as well as the strategies plants use to survive under various stresses. Furthermore, we identify and classify the SLs that play a role in stress resistance since many ecological microbiomes are unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry Soliman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ashraf El-kereamy
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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21
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Fan X, Li H, Guo Y, Sun H, Wang S, Qi Q, Jiang X, Wang Y, Xu X, Qiu C, Li W, Han Z. Integrated multi-omics analysis uncovers roles of mdm-miR164b-MdORE1 in strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious root formation in apple. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3582-3603. [PMID: 36000454 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apple is one of the most important fruit crops in temperate regions and largely relies on cutting propagation. Adventitious root formation is crucial for the success of cutting propagation. Strigolactones have been reported to function in rooting of woody plants. In this study, we determined that strigolactones have inhibitory effects on adventitious root formation in apple. Transcriptome analysis identified 12 051 differentially expressed genes over the course of adventitious root initiation, with functions related to organogenesis, cell wall biogenesis or plant development. Further analysis indicated that strigolactones might inhibit adventitious root formation through repressing two core hub genes, MdLAC3 and MdORE1. Combining small RNA and degradome sequencing, as well as dual-luciferase sensor assays, we identified and validated three negatively correlated miRNA-mRNA pairs, including mdm-miR397-MdLAC3 and mdm-miR164a/b-MdORE1. Overexpression of mdm-miR164b and silencing MdORE1 exhibited enhanced adventitious root formation in tobacco and apple, respectively. Finally, we verified the role of mdm-miR164b-MdORE1 in strigolactone-mediated repression of rooting ability. Overall, the identified comprehensive regulatory network in apple not only provides insight into strigolactone-mediated adventitious root formation in other woody plants, but also points to a potential strategy for genetic improvement of rooting capacity in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haochen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changpeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Tian Z, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Jiang B, Wang H, Gao R, Friml J, Xiao G. Strigolactones act downstream of gibberellins to regulate fiber cell elongation and cell wall thickness in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4816-4839. [PMID: 36040191 PMCID: PMC9709996 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of phytohormones that regulate plant shoot branching and adventitious root development. However, little is known regarding the role of SLs in controlling the behavior of the smallest unit of the organism, the single cell. Here, taking advantage of a classic single-cell model offered by the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber cell, we show that SLs, whose biosynthesis is fine-tuned by gibberellins (GAs), positively regulate cell elongation and cell wall thickness by promoting the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and cellulose, respectively. Furthermore, we identified two layers of transcription factors (TFs) involved in the hierarchical regulation of this GA-SL crosstalk. The top-layer TF GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 4 (GhGRF4) directly activates expression of the SL biosynthetic gene DWARF27 (D27) to increase SL accumulation in fiber cells and GAs induce GhGRF4 expression. SLs induce the expression of four second-layer TF genes (GhNAC100-2, GhBLH51, GhGT2, and GhB9SHZ1), which transmit SL signals downstream to two ketoacyl-CoA synthase genes (KCS) and three cellulose synthase (CesA) genes by directly activating their transcription. Finally, the KCS and CesA enzymes catalyze the biosynthesis of VLCFAs and cellulose, respectively, to regulate development of high-grade cotton fibers. In addition to providing a theoretical basis for cotton fiber improvement, our results shed light on SL signaling in plant development at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liping Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an,
China
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an,
China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an,
China
| | - Ruxi Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University,
Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400
Klosterneuburg, Austria
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23
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Zhang X, Lai C, Liu M, Xue X, Zhang S, Chen Y, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Lai Z, Lin Y. Whole Genome Analysis of SLs Pathway Genes and Functional Characterization of DlSMXL6 in Longan Early Somatic Embryo Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214047. [PMID: 36430536 PMCID: PMC9695034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), a new class of plant hormones, are implicated in the regulation of various biological processes. However, the related family members and functions are not identified in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). In this study, 23 genes in the CCD, D27, and SMXL family were identified in the longan genome. The phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter elements, and transcription factor-binding site predictions were comprehensively analysed. The expression profiles indicated that these genes may play important roles in longan organ development and abiotic stress responses, especially during early somatic embryogenesis (SE). Furthermore, GR24 (synthetic SL analogue) and Tis108 (SL biosynthesis inhibitor) could affect longan early SE by regulating the levels of endogenous IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), JA (jasmonic acid), GA (gibberellin), and ABA (abscisic acid). Overexpression of SMXL6 resulted in inhibition of longan SE by regulating the synthesis of SLs, carotenoids, and IAA levels. This study establishes a foundation for further investigation of SL genes and provides novel insights into their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.); Fax: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.)
| | - Yuling Lin
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.); Fax: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.)
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24
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Borrell AK, Wong ACS, George-Jaeggli B, van Oosterom EJ, Mace ES, Godwin ID, Liu G, Mullet JE, Klein PE, Hammer GL, McLean G, Hunt C, Jordan DR. Genetic modification of PIN genes induces causal mechanisms of stay-green drought adaptation phenotype. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6711-6726. [PMID: 35961690 PMCID: PMC9629789 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The stay-green trait is recognized as a key drought adaptation mechanism in cereals worldwide. Stay-green sorghum plants exhibit delayed senescence of leaves and stems, leading to prolonged growth, a reduced risk of lodging, and higher grain yield under end-of-season drought stress. More than 45 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with stay-green have been identified, including two major QTL (Stg1 and Stg2). However, the contributing genes that regulate functional stay-green are not known. Here we show that the PIN FORMED family of auxin efflux carrier genes induce some of the causal mechanisms driving the stay-green phenotype in sorghum, with SbPIN4 and SbPIN2 located in Stg1 and Stg2, respectively. We found that nine of 11 sorghum PIN genes aligned with known stay-green QTL. In transgenic studies, we demonstrated that PIN genes located within the Stg1 (SbPIN4), Stg2 (SbPIN2), and Stg3b (SbPIN1) QTL regions acted pleiotropically to modulate canopy development, root architecture, and panicle growth in sorghum, with SbPIN1, SbPIN2, and SbPIN4 differentially expressed in various organs relative to the non-stay-green control. The emergent consequence of such modifications in canopy and root architecture is a stay-green phenotype. Crop simulation modelling shows that the SbPIN2 phenotype can increase grain yield under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert C S Wong
- University of Queensland, QAAFI, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Barbara George-Jaeggli
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Warwick, QLD 4370, Australia
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Warwick, QLD 4370, Australia
| | | | - Emma S Mace
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Warwick, QLD 4370, Australia
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Warwick, QLD 4370, Australia
| | - Ian D Godwin
- University of Queensland, QAAFI, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guoquan Liu
- University of Queensland, QAAFI, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - John E Mullet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Patricia E Klein
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Graeme L Hammer
- University of Queensland, QAAFI, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Greg McLean
- University of Queensland, QAAFI, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Colleen Hunt
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Warwick, QLD 4370, Australia
| | - David R Jordan
- University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Warwick, QLD 4370, Australia
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25
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Chen C, Xu L, Zhang X, Wang H, Nisa ZU, Jin X, Yu L, Jing L, Chen C. Exogenous strigolactones enhance tolerance in soybean seedlings in response to alkaline stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13784. [PMID: 36151903 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone strigolactones (SLs) play crucial roles in regulating plant development and adaptations to abiotic stresses. Even though the functional roles of SLs have been identified in response to abiotic stresses, the function, and mechanism of SLs are not fully established under alkaline stress. In this study, we identified that exogenous SL could improve alkaline tolerance of soybean seedlings, especially when treated with 0.5 μM SL. The application of SL remarkably reduced the malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes under alkaline stress, suggesting that SL improved the alkaline tolerance by regulating the antioxidant defense capacity. The RNA sequencing data showed 530 special differentially expressed genes under SL treatment and alkaline stress, mainly were associated with antioxidant processes and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Some transcription factors were also induced by SL under alkaline stress as confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, SL largely increased the Na content in leaves and decreased Na content in roots under alkaline stress, which suggested that SL might promote the transport of Na from the roots to the leaves of the soybean seedlings. Meanwhile, exogenous SL decreased the content of other elements such as K, Mg, Fe, and Cu in leaves or roots under alkaline stress. Collectively, our results suggested a role of SL in regulating antioxidant defense capacity, specific gene expression, and alterations in ionic contents to alleviate harmful effects of alkaline stress in soybean seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - LianKun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaib-Un Nisa
- General Botany Lab, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Legang Jing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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26
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Vinde MH, Cao D, Chesterfield RJ, Yoneyama K, Gumulya Y, Thomson RES, Matila T, Ebert BE, Beveridge CA, Vickers CE, Gillam EMJ. Ancestral sequence reconstruction of the CYP711 family reveals functional divergence in strigolactone biosynthetic enzymes associated with gene duplication events in monocot grasses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1900-1912. [PMID: 35644901 PMCID: PMC9544836 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The strigolactone (SL) class of phytohormones shows broad chemical diversity, the functional importance of which remains to be fully elucidated, along with the enzymes responsible for the diversification of the SL structure. Here we explore the functional evolution of the highly conserved CYP711A P450 family, members of which catalyze several key monooxygenation reactions in the strigolactone pathway. Ancestral sequence reconstruction was utilized to infer ancestral CYP711A sequences based on a comprehensive set of extant CYP711 sequences. Eleven ancestral enzymes, corresponding to key points in the CYP711A phylogenetic tree, were resurrected and their activity was characterized towards the native substrate carlactone and the pure enantiomers of the synthetic strigolactone analogue, GR24. The ancestral and extant CYP711As tested accepted GR24 as a substrate and catalyzed several diversifying oxidation reactions on the structure. Evidence was obtained for functional divergence in the CYP711A family. The monocot group 3 ancestor, arising from gene duplication events within monocot grasses, showed both increased catalytic activity towards GR24 and high stereoselectivity towards the GR24 isomer resembling strigol-type SLs. These results are consistent with a role for CYP711As in strigolactone diversification in early land plants, which may have extended to the diversification of strigol-type SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos H. Vinde
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science PlatformCSIRO Land & Water, EcoSciences PrecinctDutton ParkBrisbaneQld4012Australia
| | - Da Cao
- School of Biological Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Chesterfield
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science PlatformCSIRO Land & Water, EcoSciences PrecinctDutton ParkBrisbaneQld4012Australia
| | - Kaori Yoneyama
- Graduate School of AgricultureEhime UniversityEhime790‐8566Japan
- Japan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTOSaitama332‐0012Japan
| | - Yosephine Gumulya
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Raine E. S. Thomson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Tebogo Matila
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Birgitta E. Ebert
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Christine A. Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Claudia E. Vickers
- Japan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTOSaitama332‐0012Japan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic BiologyQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQld4000Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug DesignGriffith UniversityNathanBrisbaneQld4111Australia
| | - Elizabeth M. J. Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
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27
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Ogawa S, Cui S, White ARF, Nelson DC, Yoshida S, Shirasu K. Strigolactones are chemoattractants for host tropism in Orobanchaceae parasitic plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4653. [PMID: 35970835 PMCID: PMC9378612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic plants are worldwide threats that damage major agricultural crops. To initiate infection, parasitic plants have developed the ability to locate hosts and grow towards them. This ability, called host tropism, is critical for parasite survival, but its underlying mechanism remains mostly unresolved. To characterise host tropism, we used the model facultative root parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum, a member of the Orobanchaceae. Here, we show that strigolactones (SLs) function as host-derived chemoattractants. Chemotropism to SLs is also found in Striga hermonthica, a parasitic member of the Orobanchaceae, but not in non-parasites. Intriguingly, chemotropism to SLs in P. japonicum is attenuated in ammonium ion-rich conditions, where SLs are perceived, but the resulting asymmetrical accumulation of the auxin transporter PIN2 is diminished. P. japonicum encodes putative receptors that sense exogenous SLs, whereas expression of a dominant-negative form reduces its chemotropic ability. We propose a function for SLs as navigators for parasite roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Songkui Cui
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Alexandra R F White
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Satoko Yoshida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan. .,Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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28
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Zha M, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Chen B, Tan Z. Strigolactones and Cytokinin Interaction in Buds in the Control of Rice Tillering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837136. [PMID: 35845690 PMCID: PMC9286680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is among the most crucial morphological traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and is physiologically modulated by auxins, cytokinins (CKs), and strigolactones (SLs) cumulatively in rice. A number of studies focused on the interplay of these three hormones in regulating rice tiller extension. The present study primarily aimed at determining the impact of different treatments, which were used to regulate rice tiller and axillary bud development on node 2 at the tillering stage and full heading stage, respectively. Transcription levels of several genes were quantified through qRT-PCR analysis, and an endogenous auxin and four types of CKs were determined through LC-MS/MS. Both nutrient deficiency and exogenous SL supply were found to inhibit rice tiller outgrowth by reducing the CK content in the tiller buds. Furthermore, supplying the inhibitor of both exogenous SLs and endogenous SL synthesis could also affect the expression level of OsCKX genes but not the OsIPT genes. Comparison of OsCKX gene expression pattern under exogenous SL and CK supply suggested that the induction of OsCKX expression was most likely via a CK-induced independent pathway. These results combined with the expression of CK type-A RR genes in bud support a role for SLs in regulating bud outgrowth through the regulation of local CK levels. SL functioned antagonistically with CK in regulating the outgrowth of buds on node 2, by promoting the OsCKX gene expression in buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrong Zha
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou, China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou, China
| | - Bingxian Chen
- Guangdong Key Lab for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zecheng Tan
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou, China
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29
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Yu C, Wang Q, Zhang S, Zeng H, Chen W, Chen W, Lou H, Yu W, Wu J. Effects of Strigolactone on Torreya grandis Gene Expression and Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Simulated Nitrogen Deposition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908129. [PMID: 35720604 PMCID: PMC9201785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen enters the terrestrial ecosystem through deposition. High nitrogen levels can affect physical and chemical properties of soil and inhibit normal growth and reproduction of forest plants. Nitrogen modulates the composition of soil microorganisms. Strigolactones inhibits plant branching, promotes root growth, nutrient absorption, and promotes arbuscular fungal mycelia branching. Plants are subjected to increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the relationship between strigolactone and nitrogen deposition of plants and abundance of soil microorganisms. In the present study, the effects of strigolactone on genetic responses and soil microorganisms of Torreya grandis, under simulated nitrogen deposition were explored using high-throughput sequencing techniques. T. grandis is a subtropical economic tree species in China. A total of 4,008 differentially expressed genes were identified in additional N deposition and GR24 treatment. These genes were associated with multiple GO terms and metabolic pathways. GO enrichment analysis showed that several DEGs were associated with enrichment of the transporter activity term. Both additional nitrogen deposition and GR24 treatment modulated the content of nutrient elements. The content of K reduced in leaves after additional N deposition treatment. The content of P increased in leaves after GR24 treatment. A total of 20 families and 29 DEGs associated with transporters were identified. These transporters may be regulated by transcription factors. A total of 1,402,819 clean reads and 1,778 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were generated through Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. Random forest classification revealed that Legionella, Lacunisphaera, Klebsiella, Bryobacter, and Janthinobacterium were significantly enriched in the soil in the additional N deposition group and the GR24 treatment group. Co-occurrence network analysis showed significant differences in composition of soil microbial community under different treatments. These results indicate a relationship between N deposition and strigolactones effect. The results provide new insights on the role of strigolactones in plants and composition of soil microorganisms under nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- NFGA Engineering Research Center for Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- NFGA Engineering Research Center for Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Tal L, Palayam M, Ron M, Young A, Britt A, Shabek N. A conformational switch in the SCF-D3/MAX2 ubiquitin ligase facilitates strigolactone signalling. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:561-573. [PMID: 35484202 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that regulate numerous processes of growth and development. SL perception and signal activation involves interaction between F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase D3/MAX2 and DWARF14 (D14) α/β-hydrolase in a SL-dependent manner and targeting of D53/SMXL6/7/8 transcriptional repressors (SMXLs) for proteasome-mediated degradation. D3/MAX2 has been shown to exist in multiple conformational states in which the C-terminal helix (CTH) undergoes a closed-to-open dynamics and regulates D14 binding and SL perception. Despite the multiple modes of D3-D14 interactions found in vitro, the residues that regulate the conformational switch of D3/MAX2 CTH in targeting D53/SMXLs and the subsequent effect on SL signalling remain unclear. Here we elucidate the functional dynamics of ASK1-D3/MAX2 in SL signalling by leveraging conformational switch mutants in vitro and in plants. We report the crystal structure of a dislodged CTH of the ASK1-D3 mutant and demonstrate that disruptions in CTH plasticity via either CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing or expression of point mutation mutants result in impairment of SL signalling. We show that the conformational switch in ASK1-D3/MAX2 CTH directly regulates ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. A dislodged conformation involved in D53/SMXLs SL-dependent recruitment and ubiquitination and an engaged conformation are required for the release of polyubiquitinated D53/SMXLs and subsequently D14 for proteasomal degradation. Finally, we uncovered an organic acid metabolite that can directly trigger the D3/MAX2 CTH conformational switch. Our findings unravel a new regulatory function of a SKP1-CUL1-F-box ubiquitin ligase in plant signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Tal
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Malathy Palayam
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mily Ron
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aleczander Young
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anne Britt
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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31
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32
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Wani KI, Zehra A, Choudhary S, Naeem M, Khan MMA, Khan R, Aftab T. Exogenous Strigolactone (GR24) Positively Regulates Growth, Photosynthesis, and Improves Glandular Trichome Attributes for Enhanced Artemisinin Production in Artemisia annua. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 35431419 PMCID: PMC8993037 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-022-10654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia annua is a medicinal plant particularly known for the production of a sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin; a specialty metabolite known for its efficacy in the treatment of malaria by killing different strains of Plasmodium falciparum due to radicals released upon the cleavage of its endoperoxide motif. Considering these facts and the immense medicinal value of artemisinin, the enhancement of in planta production of artemisinin is highly desirable. As strigolactones are known to regulate various aspects of plant growth and development, the effects of foliar spray of different concentrations of synthetic strigolactone analog GR24 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 µM) on A. annua were studied. As compared to the control group, the foliar application of GR24 had a positive impact on general growth, photosynthesis, and other physiological indices with 4 µM GR24 showing the best results. The results indicate that GR24 application increased the plant biomass and various attributes related to photosynthesis, like total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, internal CO2, and net photosynthetic rate. Moreover, the activity of various enzymes related to photosynthesis like carbonic anhydrase, nitrate reductase, and RuBisCO was escalated. The GR24 also improved certain attributes related to glandular trichomes, with a significant enhancement in content and yield of artemisinin as compared to untreated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser Iqbal Wani
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002 India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002 India
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002 India
| | - M. Naeem
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002 India
| | | | - Riyazuddeen Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226 026 India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002 India
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A carlactonoic acid methyltransferase that contributes to the inhibition of shoot branching in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111565119. [PMID: 35344437 PMCID: PMC9168466 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111565119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of apocarotenoid hormones, which regulates shoot branching and other diverse developmental processes in plants. The major bioactive form(s) of SLs as endogenous hormones has not yet been clarified. Here, we identify an Arabidopsis methyltransferase, CLAMT, responsible for the conversion of an inactive precursor to a biologically active SL that can interact with the SL receptor in vitro. Reverse genetic analysis showed that this enzyme plays an essential role in inhibiting shoot branching. This mutant also contributed to specifying the SL-related metabolites that could move from root to shoot in grafting experiments. Our work has identified a key enzyme necessary for the production of the bioactive form(s) of SLs. Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that regulate shoot branching and diverse developmental processes. They are biosynthesized from carotenoid molecules via a key biosynthetic precursor called carlactone (CL) and its carboxylated analog, carlactonoic acid (CLA). We have previously identified the methyl esterified derivative of CLA, methyl carlactonoate (MeCLA), as an endogenous SL-like molecule in Arabidopsis. Neither CL nor CLA could interact with the receptor protein, Arabidopsis DWARF14 (AtD14), in vitro, while MeCLA could, suggesting that the methylation step of CLA is critical to convert a biologically inactive precursor to a bioactive compound in the shoot branching inhibition pathway. Here, we show that a member of the SABATH protein family (At4g36470) efficiently catalyzes methyl esterification of CLA using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor. We named this enzyme CLAMT for CLA methyltransferase. The Arabidopsis loss-of-function clamt mutant accumulated CLA and had substantially reduced MeCLA content compared with wild type (WT), showing that CLAMT is the main enzyme that catalyzes CLA methylation in Arabidopsis. The clamt mutant displayed an increased branching phenotype, yet the branch number was less than that of severe SL biosynthetic mutants. Exogenously applied MeCLA, but not CLA, restored the branching phenotype of the clamt mutant. In addition, grafting experiments using the clamt and other SL biosynthetic mutants suggest that CL and CLA are transmissible from root to shoot. Taken together, our results demonstrate a significant role of CLAMT in the shoot branching inhibition pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Wang M, Ogé L, Pérez Garcia MD, Launay-Avon A, Clément G, Le Gourrierec J, Hamama L, Sakr S. Antagonistic Effect of Sucrose Availability and Auxin on Rosa Axillary Bud Metabolism and Signaling, Based on the Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:830840. [PMID: 35392520 PMCID: PMC8982072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.830840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is crucial for successful plant development and plant response to environmental factors. Extensive investigations have revealed the involvement of an intricate regulatory network including hormones and sugars. Recent studies have demonstrated that two major systemic regulators-auxin and sugar-antagonistically regulate plant branching. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in this crosstalk. We carried out two complementary untargeted approaches-RNA-seq and metabolomics-on explant stem buds fed with different concentrations of auxin and sucrose resulting in dormant and non-dormant buds. Buds responded to the combined effect of auxin and sugar by massive reprogramming of the transcriptome and metabolome. The antagonistic effect of sucrose and auxin targeted several important physiological processes, including sink strength, the amino acid metabolism, the sulfate metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, the nucleic acid metabolism, and phytohormone signaling. Further experiments revealed a role of the TOR-kinase signaling pathway in bud outgrowth through at least downregulation of Rosa hybrida BRANCHED1 (RhBRC1). These new findings represent a cornerstone to further investigate the diverse molecular mechanisms that drive the integration of endogenous factors during shoot branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | | | - Alexandra Launay-Avon
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Jose Le Gourrierec
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
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Fichtner F, Barbier FF, Kerr SC, Dudley C, Cubas P, Turnbull C, Brewer PB, Beveridge CA. Plasticity of bud outgrowth varies at cauline and rosette nodes in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1586-1603. [PMID: 34919723 PMCID: PMC8896621 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a complex mechanism in which secondary shoots grow from buds that are initiated from meristems established in leaf axils. The model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a rosette leaf growth pattern in the vegetative stage. After flowering initiation, the main stem elongates with the top leaf primordia developing into cauline leaves. Meristems in Arabidopsis initiate in the axils of rosette or cauline leaves, giving rise to rosette or cauline buds, respectively. Plasticity in the process of shoot branching is regulated by resource and nutrient availability as well as by plant hormones. However, few studies have attempted to test whether cauline and rosette branching are subject to the same plasticity. Here, we addressed this question by phenotyping cauline and rosette branching in three Arabidopsis ecotypes and several Arabidopsis mutants with varied shoot architectures. Our results showed no negative correlation between cauline and rosette branch numbers in Arabidopsis, demonstrating that there is no tradeoff between cauline and rosette bud outgrowth. Through investigation of the altered branching pattern of flowering pathway mutants and Arabidopsis ecotypes grown in various photoperiods and light regimes, we further elucidated that the number of cauline branches is closely related to flowering time. The number of rosette branches has an enormous plasticity compared with cauline branches and is influenced by genetic background, flowering time, light intensity, and temperature. Our data reveal different levels of plasticity in the regulation of branching at rosette and cauline nodes, and promote a framework for future branching analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Francois F Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Caitlin Dudley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Colin Turnbull
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Philip B Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
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Liu H, Li C, Yan M, Zhao Z, Huang P, Wei L, Wu X, Wang C, Liao W. Strigolactone is involved in nitric oxide-enhanced the salt resistance in tomato seedlings. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:337-350. [PMID: 35106650 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Both strigolactones (SLs) and nitric oxide (NO) are regulatory signals with diverse roles during stress responses. At present, the interaction and mechanism of SLs and NO in tomato salt tolerance remain unclear. In the current study, tomato 'Micro-Tom' was used to study the roles and interactions of SLs and NO in salinity stress tolerance. The results show that 15 μM SLs synthetic analogs GR24 and 10 μM NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) promoted seedling growth under salt stress. TIS108 (an inhibitor of strigolactone synthesis) suppressed the positive roles of NO in tomato growth under salt stress, indicating that endogenous SLs might be involved in NO-induced salt response in tomato seedlings. Meanwhile, under salt stress, GSNO or GR24 treatment induced the increase of endogenous SLs content in tomato seedlings. Moreover, GR24 or GSNO treatment effectively increased the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and ascorbic acid (ASA), and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase), glutathione reductase (GR) and cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) enzyme. Additionally, GSNO or GR24 treatment also up-regulated the expression of SLs synthesis genes (SlCCD7, SlCCD8, SlD27 and SlMAX1) and its signal transduction genes (SlD14 and SlMAX2) in tomato seedlings under salt stress. While, a strigolactone synthesis inhibitor TIS108 blocked the increase of endogenous SLs, chlorophyll, carotenoids and ASA content, and antioxidant enzyme, GR, CCD enzyme activity and SLs-related gene expression levels induced by GSNO. Thus, SLs may play an important role in NO-enhanced salinity tolerance in tomato seedlings by increasing photosynthetic pigment content, enhancing antioxidant capacity and improving endogenous SLs synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Changxia Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mei Yan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zongxi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xuetong Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Wang M, Zhang L, Tong S, Jiang D, Fu Z. Chromosome-level genome assembly of a xerophytic plant, Haloxylon ammodendron. DNA Res 2022; 29:dsac006. [PMID: 35266513 PMCID: PMC8946665 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Haloxylon ammodendron is a xerophytic perennial shrub or small tree that has a high ecological value in anti-desertification due to its high tolerance to drought and salt stress. Here, we report a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of H. ammodendron by integrating PacBio's high-fidelity sequencing and Hi-C technology. The assembled genome size was 685.4 Mb, of which 99.6% was assigned to nine pseudochromosomes with a contig N50 value of 23.6 Mb. Evolutionary analysis showed that both the recent substantial amplification of long terminal repeat retrotransposons and tandem gene duplication may have contributed to its genome size expansion and arid adaptation. An ample amount of low-GC genes was closely related to functions that may contribute to the desert adaptation of H. ammodendron. Gene family clustering together with gene expression analysis identified differentially expressed genes that may play important roles in the direct response of H. ammodendron to water-deficit stress. We also identified several genes possibly related to the degraded scaly leaves and well-developed root system of H. ammodendron. The reference-level genome assembly presented here will provide a valuable genomic resource for studying the genome evolution of xerophytic plants, as well as for further genetic breeding studies of H. ammodendron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, College of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Shaofei Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610105, China
| | - Dechun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhixi Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
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Luo F, Yu Z, Zhou Q, Huang A. Multi-Omics-Based Discovery of Plant Signaling Molecules. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010076. [PMID: 35050197 PMCID: PMC8777911 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce numerous structurally and functionally diverse signaling metabolites, yet only relatively small fractions of which have been discovered. Multi-omics has greatly expedited the discovery as evidenced by increasing recent works reporting new plant signaling molecules and relevant functions via integrated multi-omics techniques. The effective application of multi-omics tools is the key to uncovering unknown plant signaling molecules. This review covers the features of multi-omics in the context of plant signaling metabolite discovery, highlighting how multi-omics addresses relevant aspects of the challenges as follows: (a) unknown functions of known metabolites; (b) unknown metabolites with known functions; (c) unknown metabolites and unknown functions. Based on the problem-oriented overview of the theoretical and application aspects of multi-omics, current limitations and future development of multi-omics in discovering plant signaling metabolites are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qian Zhou
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (A.H.); Tel.: +86-755-8801-8496 (Q.Z. & A.H.)
| | - Ancheng Huang
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (A.H.); Tel.: +86-755-8801-8496 (Q.Z. & A.H.)
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Cornet F, Pillot JP, Le Bris P, Pouvreau JB, Arnaud N, de Saint Germain A, Rameau C. Strigolactones (SLs) modulate the plastochron by regulating KLUH (KLU) transcript abundance in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1909-1916. [PMID: 34498760 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The timing of leaf emergence at the shoot apical meristem, or plastochron, is highly regulated in plants. Among the genes known to regulate the plastochron in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), KLUH (KLU), orthologous to the rice (Oryza sativa) PLASTOCHRON1, encodes the cytochrome P450 CYP78A5, and is thought to act through generation of a still unknown mobile signal. As klu mutants display not only a short plastochron but also a branching phenotype reminiscent of strigolactone (SL) mutants, we investigated whether KLU/CYP78A5 is involved in SL biosynthesis. We combined a genetic approach, a parasitic plant seed germination bioassay to test klu root exudates, and analysis of transcript abundances of SL-biosynthesis genes in the Arabidopsis klu mutants. We demonstrate that KLU is not involved in the SL-biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, this work allowed us to uncover a new role for SL during Arabidopsis development in modulating plastochron via a KLU-dependent pathway. Globally our data reveal that KLU is required for plastochron-specific SL responses, a first indication of crosstalk between SL and the KLU-derived signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Cornet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, LBPV, Université de Nantes, EA 1157, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | | | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
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Santoro V, Schiavon M, Visentin I, Constán‐Aguilar C, Cardinale F, Celi L. Strigolactones affect phosphorus acquisition strategies in tomato plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3628-3642. [PMID: 34414578 PMCID: PMC9290678 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that modulate morphological, physiological and biochemical changes as part of the acclimation strategies to phosphorus (P) deficiency, but an in-depth description of their effects on tomato P-acquisition strategies under P shortage is missing. Therefore, in this study, we investigate how SLs impact on root exudation and P uptake, in qualitative and quantitative terms over time, in wild-type and SL-depleted tomato plants grown with or without P. Under P shortage, SL-depleted plants were unable to efficiently activate most mechanisms associated with the P starvation response (PSR), except for the up-regulation of P transporters and increased activity of P-solubilizing enzymes. The reduced SL biosynthesis had negative effects also under normal P provision, because plants over-activated high-affinity transporters and enzymatic activities (phytase, acidic phosphatase) to sustain elevated P uptake, at great carbon and nitrogen costs. A shift in the onset of PSR was also highlighted in these plants. We conclude that SLs are master kinetic regulators of the PSR in tomato and that their defective synthesis might lead both to suboptimal nutritional outcomes under P depletion and an unbalanced control of P uptake when P is available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Constán‐Aguilar
- DISAFA DepartmentUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
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Rehman NU, Li X, Zeng P, Guo S, Jan S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xie Q. Harmony but Not Uniformity: Role of Strigolactone in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1616. [PMID: 34827614 PMCID: PMC8615677 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root growth, shoot architecture, leaf senescence, nodulation, and legume-symbionts interaction, as well as a response to various external stimuli, such as abiotic and biotic stresses. These functional properties of SLs enable the genetic engineering of crop plants to improve crop yield and productivity. In this review, the conservation and divergence of SL pathways and its biological processes in multiple plant species have been extensively discussed with a particular emphasis on its interactions with other different phytohormones. These interactions may shed further light on the regulatory networks underlying plant growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately providing certain strategies for promoting crop yield and productivity with the challenges of global climate and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peichun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saad Jan
- Agriculture Department, Entomology Section Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan;
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310001, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhang W, Zhao C, Liu J, Sun S, Zhao Y, Wei J. Effects of exogenous GR24 on biogas upgrading and nutrient removal by co-culturing microalgae with fungi under mixed LED light wavelengths. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130791. [PMID: 34020195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To realize the synchronous purification of raw biogas and biogas slurry, the algal-fungal symbiont pellets were cultivated by supplementing strigolactone (GR24) under different mixed LED light wavelengths. The optimal light intensity was proved to be red and blue in the ratio of 5:5. The symbionts treated with 10-9 M GR24 had the highest growth rate and mean daily productivity. The extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity and the content of chlorophyll were also affected by GR24 concentrations and mixed light wavelengths. With the induction of 10-9 M GR24, the maximum removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus reached 76.35 ± 6.87%, 78.77 ± 7.13% and 79.49 ± 7.43%, respectively. Besides, the CO2 removal efficiency reached 59.32 ± 5.19% when the concentration of GR24 was 10-7 M. This work will be beneficial for large-scale biogas slurry purification and biogas upgrading using co-cultivation of microalgae and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Chunzhi Zhao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 200235, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- Nanhu College, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China.
| | - Jing Wei
- Nanhu College, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China.
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Yu Y, Yu J, Wang Q, Wang J, Zhao G, Wu H, Zhu Y, Chu C, Fang J. Overexpression of the rice ORANGE gene OsOR negatively regulates carotenoid accumulation, leads to higher tiller numbers and decreases stress tolerance in Nipponbare rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110962. [PMID: 34315587 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ORANGE (OR) gene has been reported to regulate chromoplast differentiation and enhance carotenoid biosynthesis in many dicotyledonous plants. However, the function of the OR gene in monocotyledons, especially rice, is poorly known. Here, the OR gene from rice, OsOR, was isolated and characterized by generating overexpressing and genome editing mutant lines. The OsOR-overexpressing plants exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes, such as alternating transverse green and white sectors on leaves at the early tillering stage, that were due to changes in thylakoid development and reduced carotenoid content. In addition, the number of tillers significantly increased in OsOR-overexpressing plants but decreased in osor mutant lines, a result similar to that previously reported for the carotenoid isomerase mutant mit3. The expression of the DWARF3 and DWARF53 genes that are involved in the strigolactone signalling pathway were similarly downregulated in OsOR-overexpressing plants but upregulated in osor mutants. Moreover, the OsOR-overexpressing plants exhibited greater sensitivity to salt and cold stress, and had lower total chlorophyll and higher MDA contents. All results suggest that the OsOR gene plays an important role not only in carotenoid accumulation but also in tiller number regulation and in responses to environmental stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China; Quality and Safety Institute of Agriculture Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guangxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Kerr SC, Patil SB, de Saint Germain A, Pillot JP, Saffar J, Ligerot Y, Aubert G, Citerne S, Bellec Y, Dun EA, Beveridge CA, Rameau C. Integration of the SMXL/D53 strigolactone signalling repressors in the model of shoot branching regulation in Pisum sativum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1756-1770. [PMID: 34245626 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
DWARF53 (D53) in rice (Oryza sativa) and its homologs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2-LIKE 6 (SMXL6), SMXL7 and SMXL8, are well established negative regulators of strigolactone (SL) signalling in shoot branching regulation. Little is known of pea (Pisum sativum) homologs and whether D53 and related SMXLs are specific to SL signalling pathways. Here, we identify two allelic pea mutants, dormant3 (dor3), and demonstrate through gene mapping and sequencing that DOR3 corresponds to a homolog of D53 and SMXL6/SMXL7, designated PsSMXL7. Phenotype analysis, gene expression, protein and hormone quantification assays were performed to determine the role of PsSMXL7 in regulation of bud outgrowth and the role of PsSMXL7 and D53 in integrating SL and cytokinin (CK) responses. Like D53 and related SMXLs, we show that PsSMXL7 can be degraded by SL and induces feedback upregulation of PsSMXL7 transcript. Here we reveal a system conserved in pea and rice, whereby CK also upregulates PsSMXL7/D53 transcripts, providing a clear mechanism for SL and CK cross-talk in the regulation of branching. To further deepen our understanding of the branching network in pea, we provide evidence that SL acts via PsSMXL7 to modulate auxin content via PsAFB5, which itself regulates expression of SL biosynthesis genes. We therefore show that PsSMXL7 is key to a triple hormone network involving an auxin-SL feedback mechanism and SL-CK cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Kerr
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Suyash B Patil
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, ICS, CAAS, Beijing, 100081, China
| | | | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Julie Saffar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Yasmine Ligerot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Grégoire Aubert
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Yannick Bellec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
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Bhoi A, Yadu B, Chandra J, Keshavkant S. Contribution of strigolactone in plant physiology, hormonal interaction and abiotic stresses. PLANTA 2021; 254:28. [PMID: 34241703 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived molecules, which regulate various developmental and adaptation processes in plants. These are engaged in different aspects of growth such as development of root, leaf senescence, shoot branching, etc. Plants grown under nutrient-deficient conditions enhance SL production that facilitates root architecture and symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as a result increases nutrient uptake. The crosstalk of SLs with other phytohormones such as auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinin and gibberellins, in response to abiotic stresses indicates that SLs actively contribute to the regulatory systems of plant stress adaptation. In response to different environmental circumstances such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals and nutrient deprivation, these SLs get accumulated in plant tissues. Strigolactones regulate multiple hormonal responsive pathways, which aids plants to surmount stressful environmental constraints as well as reduce negative impact on overall productivity of crops. The external application of SL analog GR24 for its higher bioaccumulation can be one of the possible approaches for establishing various abiotic stress tolerances in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bhoi
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India
| | - Bhumika Yadu
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India
- School of Life and Allied Sciences, ITM University, Raipur, 492 002, India
| | - Jipsi Chandra
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India
| | - S Keshavkant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India.
- National Center for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India.
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Yu C, Chen W, Wang Z, Lou H. Comparative proteomic analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) shoots reveals crosstalk between strigolactone and auxin. Genomics 2021; 113:3163-3173. [PMID: 34246692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As one of the main vegetable crops cultivated in the world, the tomato has advantages of high yield and economic benefits, and plays an important role in promoting farmers' income and social and economic growth. However, lateral branches during the growth process of tomato consume considerable nutrients and reduce the yield of tomato. Phytohormones such as strigolactone and auxin can inhibit the formation of lateral branches. However, the mechanism of their interaction is not particularly clear. To better understand the effects of exogenous strigolactone and auxin on tomato, proteome analyses of tomato shoots treated with exogenous GR24 and indole acetic acid were performed using an integrated approach involving tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified 6685 proteins, of which 5822 contained quantitative information. Many differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found in different comparisons, including 415, 148, and 130 DEPs in GR24 vs mock, IAA vs mock, and GR24 + IAA vs mock comparisons, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 'photosynthesis - antenna proteins' were significantly enriched in three treatments. Our data can help reveal the interaction between strigolactone and auxin in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Krasylenko Y, Komis G, Hlynska S, Vavrdová T, Ovečka M, Pospíšil T, Šamaj J. GR24, A Synthetic Strigolactone Analog, and Light Affect the Organization of Cortical Microtubules in Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675981. [PMID: 34305975 PMCID: PMC8293678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones regulating cytoskeleton-mediated developmental events in roots, such as lateral root formation and elongation of root hairs and hypocotyls. The latter process was addressed herein by the exogenous application of a synthetic strigolactone, GR24, and an inhibitor of strigolactone biosynthesis, TIS108, on hypocotyls of wild-type Arabidopsis and a strigolactone signaling mutant max2-1 (more axillary growth 2-1). Owing to the interdependence between light and strigolactone signaling, the present work was extended to seedlings grown under a standard light/dark regime, or under continuous darkness. Given the essential role of the cortical microtubules in cell elongation, their organization and dynamics were characterized under the conditions of altered strigolactone signaling using fluorescence microscopy methods with different spatiotemporal capacities, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and structured illumination microscopy (SIM). It was found that GR24-dependent inhibition of hypocotyl elongation correlated with changes in cortical microtubule organization and dynamics, observed in living wild-type and max2-1 seedlings stably expressing genetically encoded fluorescent molecular markers for microtubules. Quantitative assessment of microscopic datasets revealed that chemical and/or genetic manipulation of strigolactone signaling affected microtubule remodeling, especially under light conditions. The application of GR24 in dark conditions partially alleviated cytoskeletal rearrangement, suggesting a new mechanistic connection between cytoskeletal behavior and the light-dependence of strigolactone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krasylenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Sofiia Hlynska
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tereza Vavrdová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Hines S, van der Zwan T, Shiell K, Shotton K, Prithiviraj B. Alkaline extract of the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum stimulates arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their endomycorrhization of plant roots. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13491. [PMID: 34188188 PMCID: PMC8241850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (ANE) are well-established plant biostimulants that improve stress tolerance and crop vigour, while also having been shown to stimulate soil microbes. The intersection of these two stimulatory activities, and how they combine to enhance plant health, however, remains poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate: (1) the direct effect of ANE on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, and (2) whether ANE influences endomycorrhization in plants. ANE enhanced development of R. irregularis in vitro, showing greater spore germination, germ tube length, and hyphal branching. Greenhouse-grown Medicago truncatula drench-treated with ANE formed mycorrhizal associations faster (3.1-fold higher mycorrhization at week 4) and grew larger (29% greater leaf area by week 8) than control plants. Foliar applications of ANE also increased root colonization and arbuscular maturity, but did not appear to enhance plant growth. Nonetheless, following either foliar or drench application, M. truncatula genes associated with establishment of mycorrhizae were expressed at significantly higher levels compared to controls. These results suggest that ANE enhances mycorrhization through both direct stimulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus growth and through stimulation of the plant's accommodation of the symbiont, together promoting the establishment of this agriculturally vital plant-microbe symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hines
- Marine Bioproducts Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | | | - Kevin Shiell
- Acadian Plant Health, Acadian Seaplants Ltd., Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Katy Shotton
- Acadian Plant Health, Acadian Seaplants Ltd., Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
- Marine Bioproducts Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
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Fichtner F, Lunn JE. The Role of Trehalose 6-Phosphate (Tre6P) in Plant Metabolism and Development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:737-760. [PMID: 33428475 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-095929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) has a dual function as a signal and homeostatic regulator of sucrose levels in plants. In source leaves, Tre6P regulates the production of sucrose to balance supply with demand for sucrose from growing sink organs. As a signal of sucrose availability, Tre6P influences developmental decisions that will affect future demand for sucrose, such as flowering, embryogenesis, and shoot branching, and links the growth of sink organs to sucrose supply. This involves complex interactions with SUCROSE-NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED KINASE1 that are not yet fully understood. Tre6P synthase, the enzyme that makes Tre6P, plays a key role in the nexus between sucrose and Tre6P, operating in the phloem-loading zone of leaves and potentially generating systemic signals for source-sink coordination. Many plants have large and diverse families of Tre6P phosphatase enzymes that dephosphorylate Tre6P, some of which have noncatalytic functions in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;
| | - John Edward Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
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Gioppato HA, Dornelas MC. Plant design gets its details: Modulating plant architecture by phase transitions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:1-14. [PMID: 33799013 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolved different strategies to better adapt to the environmental conditions in which they live: the control of their body architecture and the timing of phase change are two important processes that can improve their fitness. As they age, plants undergo two major phase changes (juvenile to adult and adult to reproductive) that are a response to environmental and endogenous signals. These phase transitions are accompanied by alterations in plant morphology and also by changes in physiology and the behavior of gene regulatory networks. Six main pathways involving environmental and endogenous cues that crosstalk with each other have been described as responsible for the control of plant phase transitions: the photoperiod pathway, the autonomous pathway, the vernalization pathway, the temperature pathway, the GA pathway, and the age pathway. However, studies have revealed that sugar is also involved in phase change and the control of branching behavior. In this review, we discuss recent advances in plant biology concerning the genetic and molecular mechanisms that allow plants to regulate phase transitions in response to the environment. We also propose connections between phase transition and plant architecture control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Augusto Gioppato
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Biology Institute, Plant Biology Department, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 CEP 13, 083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Carnier Dornelas
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Biology Institute, Plant Biology Department, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 CEP 13, 083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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