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Luo H, Hong H, Yang SP, Cai W. Design and applications of bispecific heterodimers: molecular imaging and beyond. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1750-61. [PMID: 24738564 PMCID: PMC4051252 DOI: 10.1021/mp500115x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-based molecular imaging probes have been designed with high affinity and specificity for monitoring biological process and responses. Single-target recognition by traditional probes can limit their applicability for disease detection and therapy because synergistic action between disease mediators and different receptors is often involved in disease progression. Consequently, probes that can recognize multiple targets should demonstrate higher targeting efficacy and specificity than their monospecific peers. This concept has been validated by multiple bispecific heterodimer-based imaging probes that have demonstrated promising results in several animal models. This review summarizes the design strategies for bispecific peptide- and antibody-based heterodimers and their applications in molecular targeting and imaging. The design and application of bispecific heterodimer-conjugated nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Luo
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2275, United States
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2
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Ha S, Wang Y, Rustandi RR. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of humanized IgG1 produced in Pichia pastoris. MAbs 2011; 3:453-60. [PMID: 22048694 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.3.5.16891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The first full length IgG produced in Pichia pastoris was reported in late 1980. However, use of a wild-type Pichia expression system to produce IgGs with human-like N-linked glycans was not possible until recently. Advances in glycoengineering have enabled organisms such as Pichia to mimic human N-glycan biosynthesis and produce IgGs with human glycans on an industrial scale. Since there are only a few reports of the analytical characterization of Pichia-produced IgG, we summarize the results known in this field, and provide additional characterization data generated in our laboratories. The data suggest that Pichia-produced IgG has the same stability as that produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. It has similar aggregation profiles, charge variant distribution and oxidation levels as those for a CHO IgG. It contains human N-linked glycans and O-linked single mannose. Because of the comparable biophysical and biochemical characteristics, glycoengineered Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for therapeutic IgG productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Ha
- Department of Bioprocess Analytical and Formulation Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
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3
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Ma J, Li Z, Luo D. Single Chain Antibody Vaccination in Mice Against Human Ovarian Cancer Enhanced by Microspheres and Cytokines. J Drug Target 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/1061-1860310001598217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Damasceno LM, Pla I, Chang HJ, Cohen L, Ritter G, Old LJ, Batt CA. An optimized fermentation process for high-level production of a single-chain Fv antibody fragment in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 37:18-26. [PMID: 15294276 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of a humanized single-chain variable domain fragment antibody (A33scFv) was optimized for Pichia pastoris with yields exceeding 4 g L(-1). A33scFv recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein (designated A33) expressed in colon cancer that serves as a target antigen for immunotherapy of colon cancer. P. pastoris with a MutS phenotype was selected to express A33scFv, which was cloned under regulation of the methanol-inducible AOX1 promoter. We report the optimization of A33scFv production by examining methanol concentrations using fermentation technology with an on-line methanol control in fed-batch fermentation of P. pastoris. In addition, we examined the effect of pH on A33scFv production and biomass accumulation during the methanol induction phase. A33scFv production was found to increase with higher methanol concentrations, reaching 4.3 g L(-1) after 72 h induction with 0.5% (v/v) methanol. Protein production was also greatly affected by pH, resulting in higher yields (e.g., 4.88 g L(-1)) at lower pH values. Biomass accumulation did not seem to vary when cells were induced at different pH values, but was greatly affected by lower concentration of methanol. Purification of A33scFv from clarified medium was done using a two-step chromatographic procedure using anion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, resulting in 25% recovery and >90% purity. Pure A33scFv was tested for functionality using surface plasmon resonance and showed activity against immobilized A33 antigen. Our results demonstrate that functional A33scFv can be produced in sufficient quantities using P. pastoris for use in further functionality studies and diagnostic applications.
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Wang Y, Wang K, Jette DC, Wishart DS. Production of an anti-prostate-specific antigen single-chain antibody fragment from Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2001; 23:419-25. [PMID: 11722178 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2001.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used marker for screening and monitoring prostate cancer. Because PSA levels are normally quite low, an antibody-based assay must be used to detect PSA. However, not all PSA-specific antibodies bind equally well to PSA or to its different isoforms. Therefore, a better understanding of how PSA interacts with PSA-specific antibodies is of considerable clinical interest. B80.3 is a widely used murine monoclonal anti-PSA antibody (IgG), which has very high affinity for both free and alpha-anti-chymotrypsin complexed PSA. More importantly, its gene sequence is known-making it one of only two anti-PSA antibodies that has been fully cloned and sequenced. To better elucidate the interaction between PSA and B80.3, a single-chain antibody fragment, derived from the variable domain of B80.3 (scFvB80), was cloned into a pPIC9 vector and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The secreted protein was purified using a three-step protocol beginning with a 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation step, followed by a T-gel thio-affinity step and concluding with a simple anion-exchange (DE52) filtration step. NMR studies indicate the protein is correctly folded while competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays show that the purified scFvB80 has approximately 20% of the activity of the full-length B80.3 antibody. The protocol described here provides a quick and convenient route to prepare large quantities of very pure anti-PSA antibody fragments (15-20 mg/L culture medium) for detailed structural and biophysical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2N8, Canada
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6
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Lange S, Schmitt J, Schmid RD. High-yield expression of the recombinant, atrazine-specific Fab fragment K411B by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. J Immunol Methods 2001; 255:103-14. [PMID: 11470291 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(01)00351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the high-yield secretory expression ( approximately 40 mg x l(-1)) of pure, atrazine-specific Fab fragments (K411B) from Pichia pastoris that was achieved by co-integration of the genes encoding the heavy and light chains (both under the control of the alcohol oxidase promoter) into the genome of the yeast cells. Antibody-expressing clones were selected by SDS-PAGE and ELISA and fed-batch fermentations were carried out in a 5-l scale. Both chains of the Fab were successfully expressed upon methanol induction and almost no other proteins were secreted into the media. Approximately 30% of the two chains formed the active Fab fragment containing the intermolecular disulphide bond, as determined by Western blot analysis under non-reducing conditions. Crude culture supernatant was used to study the binding properties of the Fab fragment toward different s-triazines by means of competitive ELISA: the IC50 value for the detection of atrazine was determined from the standard curve as 3 microg x l(-1), which is one magnitude higher than the value obtained with the parental mAb K4E7 but equals that obtained when the same Fab fragment was expressed in Escherichia coli cells. In addition, the cross-reactivity pattern of the Fab from Pichia is comparable to that of E. coli and to the parental mAb K4E7.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lange
- Institut für Technische Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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7
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Schoonjans R, Willems A, Schoonooghe S, Leoen J, Grooten J, Mertens N. A new model for intermediate molecular weight recombinant bispecific and trispecific antibodies by efficient heterodimerization of single chain variable domains through fusion to a Fab-chain. BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING 2001; 17:193-202. [PMID: 11337278 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-0344(01)00066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their specificity and versatility in use, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are promising therapeutic tools in tomorrow's medicine, provided sufficient BsAb can be produced. Expression systems favoring efficient heterodimerization of intermediate-sized bispecific antibodies will significantly improve existing production methods. Recombinant BsAb can be made by fusing single chain variable fragments (scFv) to a heterodimerization domain. We compare the efficiency of the isolated CL and CH1 constant domains with complete Fab chains to drive heterodimerization of BsAbs in mammalian cells. We found that the isolated CL:CH1 domain interaction was inefficient for secretion of heterodimers. However, when the complete Fab chains were used, secretion of a heterodimerized bispecific antibody was successful. Since the Fab chain encodes a binding specificity on its own, bispecific (BsAb) or trispecific (TsAb) antibodies can be made by C-terminal fusion of scFv molecules to the L or Fd Fab chains. This gave rise to disulphide stabilized Fab-scFv BsAb (Bibody)or Fab-(scFv)2 TsAb (Tribody) of intermediate molecular size. Heterodimerization of the L and Fd-containing fusion proteins was very efficient, and up to 90% of all secreted antibody fragments was in the desired heterodimerized format. All building blocks remained functional in the fusion product, and the bispecific character of the molecules as well as the immunological functionality was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schoonjans
- Department of Molecular Biology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Flanders Interuniversity, Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), University of Ghent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Marty C, Scheidegger P, Ballmer-Hofer K, Klemenz R, Schwendener RA. Production of functionalized single-chain Fv antibody fragments binding to the ED-B domain of the B-isoform of fibronectin in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2001; 21:156-64. [PMID: 11162401 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2000.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Pichia pastoris expression system was used to produce functionalized single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) directed against the ED-B domain of the B-fibronectin (B-Fn) isoform which was found to be present only in newly formed blood vessels during tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, scFv antibody fragments recognizing the ED-B domain are potential markers for angiogenesis. We constructed four functionalized scFv antibody fragments for direct labeling with radioactive molecules or toxins or for attachment to liposomes serving as carriers for cytotoxic or antiangiogenic compounds. The C-termini of the scFv antibody fragments contain 1-3 cysteine residues that are separated by a hydrophilic linker (GGSSGGSSGS) from the binding domain and are accessible for site-specific functionalization with thiol-reactive reagents. Plasmid expression, culture conditions, and purification were optimized in 1-L cultures. The scFv antibody fragments were purified by anion exchange chromatography. The yields were 5-20 mg/L culture medium. The large-scale production of one scFv antibody fragment in a 3.7-L fermenter gave a yield of 60 mg. The reactivity of the cyteines was demonstrated by labeling with the thiol-reactive fluorescent dye ABD-F. The four scFv antibody fragments bound specifically to ED-B-modified Sepharose and binding was further confirmed by immunofluorescence on cell cultures using ED-B-positive human Caco-2 tumor cells. Furthermore, we could demonstrate specific binding of scFv-modified liposomes to ED-B-positive tumor cells. Our results indicate that the P. pastoris expression system is useful for the large-scale production of cysteine-functionalized alpha-ED-B scFv antibody fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marty
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer Research, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Hellwig S, Emde F, Raven NPG, Henke M, van der Logt P, Fischer R. Analysis of single-chain antibody production inPichia pastoris using on-line methanol control in fed-batch and mixed-feed fermentations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Schoonjans R, Willems A, Schoonooghe S, Fiers W, Grooten J, Mertens N. Fab chains as an efficient heterodimerization scaffold for the production of recombinant bispecific and trispecific antibody derivatives. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:7050-7. [PMID: 11120833 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.12.7050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to their multispecificity and versatility, bispecific Abs (BsAbs) are promising therapeutic tools in tomorrow's medicine. Especially intermediate-sized BsAbs that combine body retention with tissue penetration are valuable for therapy but necessitate expression systems that favor heterodimerization of the binding sites for large-scale application. To identify heterodimerization domains to which single-chain variable fragments (scFv) can be fused, we compared the efficiency of heterodimerization of CL and CH1 constant domains with complete L and Fd chains in mammalian cells. We found that the isolated CL:CH1 domain interaction was inefficient for secretion of heterodimers. However, when the complete L and Fd chains were used, secretion of L:Fd heterodimers was highly successful. Because these Fab chains contribute a binding moiety, C-terminal fusion of a scFv molecule to the L and/or Fd chains generated BsAbs or trispecific Abs (TsAbs) of intermediate size (75-100 kDa). These disulfide-stabilized bispecific Fab-scFv ("bibody") and trispecific Fab-(scFv)(2) ("tribody") heterodimers represent up to 90% of all secreted Ab fragments in the mammalian expression system and possess fully functional binding moieties. Furthermore, both molecules recruit and activate T cells in a tumor cell-dependent way, whereby the trispecific derivative can exert this activity to two different tumor cells. Thus we propose the use of the disulfide-stabilized L:Fd heterodimer as an efficient platform for production of intermediate-sized BsAbs and TsAbs in mammalian expression systems.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemical synthesis
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Cell Line
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Dimerization
- Drug Stability
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schoonjans
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Molecular modification of a recombinant anti-CD3ε-directed immunotoxin by inducing terminal cysteine bridging enhances anti-GVHD efficacy and reduces organ toxicity in a lethal murine model. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.3.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractImmunotoxin (IT) therapy shows potential for selectively eliminating GVHD-causing T cells in vivo, but the field has been hampered by toxicity. Previously, we showed that a genetically engineered IT consisting of a single-chain protein, including the anti-CD3sFv spliced to a portion of diphtheria-toxin (DT390) has anti-GVHD effects, but pronounced organ toxicity common to this class of agent. A recombinant DT390 anti-CD3sFv protein previously shown to have anti-GVHD activity was modified to reduce its filtration into kidney by genetically inserting a cysteine residue downstream of the sFv moiety at the c-terminus of the protein. This modification produced an intermolecular disulfide bridge, resulting in a bivalent, rather than a monovalent IT, termed SS2, that selectively inhibited T-cell proliferation in vitro. Although monomer and SS2 were similar in in vitro activity, SS2 had a superior therapeutic index in vivo with at least 8-fold more being tolerated with reduced kidney toxicity. Most importantly, in a lethal model of GVHD, 40 μg SS2 given for 1 day, protected 100% of the mice from lethal GVHD for 3 months, whereas the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of monomer protected only 33%. To our knowledge, this is the first time disulfide bonded ITs have been created in this way and this simple molecular modification may address several problems in the IT field because it (1) markedly increased efficacy curing mice of GVHD after a single daily treatment, (2) markedly decreased organ toxicity, (3) increased the tolerated dosage, and (4) created a therapeutic window where none existed before.
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12
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Molecular modification of a recombinant anti-CD3ε-directed immunotoxin by inducing terminal cysteine bridging enhances anti-GVHD efficacy and reduces organ toxicity in a lethal murine model. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.3.1157.015k56_1157_1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxin (IT) therapy shows potential for selectively eliminating GVHD-causing T cells in vivo, but the field has been hampered by toxicity. Previously, we showed that a genetically engineered IT consisting of a single-chain protein, including the anti-CD3sFv spliced to a portion of diphtheria-toxin (DT390) has anti-GVHD effects, but pronounced organ toxicity common to this class of agent. A recombinant DT390 anti-CD3sFv protein previously shown to have anti-GVHD activity was modified to reduce its filtration into kidney by genetically inserting a cysteine residue downstream of the sFv moiety at the c-terminus of the protein. This modification produced an intermolecular disulfide bridge, resulting in a bivalent, rather than a monovalent IT, termed SS2, that selectively inhibited T-cell proliferation in vitro. Although monomer and SS2 were similar in in vitro activity, SS2 had a superior therapeutic index in vivo with at least 8-fold more being tolerated with reduced kidney toxicity. Most importantly, in a lethal model of GVHD, 40 μg SS2 given for 1 day, protected 100% of the mice from lethal GVHD for 3 months, whereas the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of monomer protected only 33%. To our knowledge, this is the first time disulfide bonded ITs have been created in this way and this simple molecular modification may address several problems in the IT field because it (1) markedly increased efficacy curing mice of GVHD after a single daily treatment, (2) markedly decreased organ toxicity, (3) increased the tolerated dosage, and (4) created a therapeutic window where none existed before.
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13
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Kriangkum J, Xu B, Gervais C, Paquette D, Jacobs FA, Martin L, Suresh MR. Development and characterization of a bispecific single-chain antibody directed against T cells and ovarian carcinoma. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2000; 19:33-41. [PMID: 10768839 DOI: 10.1089/027245700315770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies with specificity for tumor antigen and CD3 have been shown to redirect the cytotoxicity of T cells against relevant tumor. Our objective was to generate single-chain bispecific antibodies (bsSCA) that could retarget mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to destroy human ovarian carcinoma in a xenogeneic setting. A bsSCA, 2C11 x B43.13, was constructed by genetic engineering and expressed in mammalian cells. Molecular characteristics, binding properties, and ability to retarget CTL were studied. Western blot analysis showed that the product is a 65-kDa protein. Purification of antibodies could be done by single-step affinity chromatography using protein L-agarose with an unoptimized yield of 200 microg/L. BsSCA 2C11 x B43.13 was capable of binding to mouse CD3 and human CA125 as detected by FACS analysis of EL4 and OVCAR Nu3H2 cells, respectively. It could also bridge activated splenic T cells and human ovarian carcinoma as demonstrated by a bridge FACS assay. Redirected mouse CTL could mediate human target cell lysis in a 20-h 51Cr release assay despite that they are xenogeneic. Prolonged incubation of redirected CTL and tumor targets resulted in a dramatic reduction in tumor cell number. CD28 co-stimulation enhanced redirected CTL function in both types of assays. BsSCA 2C11 x B43.13 thus can be used as a preclinical immunotherapeutic model for human ovarian cancer in a xenogeneic setting.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Bispecific/toxicity
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- CA-125 Antigen/immunology
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Growth Inhibitors/biosynthesis
- Growth Inhibitors/genetics
- Growth Inhibitors/isolation & purification
- Growth Inhibitors/toxicity
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kriangkum
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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14
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Ma J, Luo D, Kwon GS, Samuel J, Noujaim AA, Madiyalakan R. Use of encapsulated single chain antibodies for induction of anti-idiotypic humoral and cellular immune responses. J Pharm Sci 1998; 87:1375-8. [PMID: 9811493 DOI: 10.1021/js9800681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres as a cancer vaccine delivery system for induction of anti-idiotypic responses has been investigated using a single chain antibody scFv-pDL10, which recognizes the human ovarian cancer antigen CA125. Immunization of mice with scFv-pDL10 encapsulated in PLGA microspheres resulted in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses when compared to scFv-pDL10 alone. Induced anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) which mimic the original antigen CA125 compete with CA125 for the epitope. A cellular response (T2 induction) was also observed. These results raise the possibility of anti-idiotypic antibody induction by a single chain antibody, encapsulated in biodegradeble microspheres, as a potential vaccine for ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Research and Development, AltaRex Corp., 300, 8625-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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15
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Luo D, Geng M, Schultes B, Ma J, Xu DZ, Hamza N, Qi W, Noujaim AA, Madiyalakan R. Expression of a fusion protein of scFv-biotin mimetic peptide for immunoassay. J Biotechnol 1998; 65:225-8. [PMID: 9828463 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(98)00094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We constructed two fusion proteins of scFv linked to biotin mimetic sequence (BMS) via different linkers, and expressed them in the Pichia pastoris expression/secretion system. We found that both bi-functional scFv proteins exhibited their intrinsic binding activities to antigen CA125 determined in competitive radioimmunoassay experiments, but the fusion protein with a spacer between the scFv and BMS (scFv-spacer-BMS) showed higher binding activity of streptavidin than the one with c-Myc peptide as a linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luo
- Research and Development, AltaRex Corp., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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16
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Longstaff M, Newell CA, Boonstra B, Strachan G, Learmonth D, Harris WJ, Porter AJ, Hamilton WD. Expression and characterisation of single-chain antibody fragments produced in transgenic plants against the organic herbicides atrazine and paraquat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1381:147-60. [PMID: 9685621 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(98)00024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain antibody fragments (scAbs), which have a human C-kappa constant domain and a hexa-histidine tail attached to the carboxy terminus of the single-chain Fv (ScFv) fragments to facilitate purification, have been raised against the herbicides paraquat and atrazine and expressed in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN. Prior to purification, the anti-atrazine scAb is expressed as up to 0.014% of soluble leaf protein and has a binding profile in ELISA, against an atrazine-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate, similar to that of the scAb produced in Escherichia coli. Competition ELISA has shown that the plant-derived scAb also recognises free atrazine. Following antibody affinity purification to isolate dimers, the affinity for immobilised antigen approaches that of the parental monoclonal antibody. This was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance analysis. The purified scAb also recognises related triazine herbicides. When isolated from cell-suspension cultures, the anti-paraquat scAb binds to a paraquat conjugate in a concentration-dependent manner, with a profile similar to the parental monoclonal antibody. This is the first demonstration that functional scAbs against organic pollutants can be produced in transgenic plants and that the scAbs may be appropriate for the development of immunoassay-based detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Longstaff
- Axis Genetics, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AZ, UK.
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17
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Pennell CA, Eldin P. In vitro production of recombinant antibody fragments in Pichia pastoris. RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 1998; 149:599-603. [PMID: 9835424 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2494(98)80012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C A Pennell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology & University of Minnesota Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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