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Zhang X, Chen J, Wang W, Zhu L. Photosynthetic mechanisms of carbon fixation reduction in rice by cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123436. [PMID: 38281573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants interfere with plant photosynthesis, thus reduce the crop yield and carbon storage capacity of farmland. This study comparatively explored the effects and mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, e.g., phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene) and cadmium (Cd) on the carbon fixation capacity of rice throughout the growth period. Cd posed severer inhibition on the net carbon fixation of rice than PAHs, with the inhibition rates of 1.40-14.8-fold over PAHs at the concentrations of 0.5 or 5 mg/kg soil. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) involved in the Calvin cycle was identified as the common target of these pollutants to inhibit the photosynthetic carbon fixation. Further investigation demonstrated that the different inhibitory effects of Cd and PAHs was resulted from their different interference on the dual catalysis function (carboxylation and oxygenation) of Rubisco. Cd disturbed the balance of the intercellular CO2/O2, thus promoting the oxygenation and inhibiting the carboxylation of the substrate of Rubisco. Under the stress of Cd, the downstream metabolites (e.g. glycolate, glyoxylate, and serine) of Rubisco oxygenation were upregulated by over 2.01-3.24-fold, whereas the carboxylation efficiency (Vcmax) was decreased by 5.58-29.3%. Comparatively, PAHs inhibited both the carboxylation and oxygenation by down-regulating the expression of Rubisco coding gene (OsRBCS2, Log2FC < -2). This study broadens the understanding of the mechanisms of different environmental pollutants on the carbon fixation, providing valuable information for the quantitative estimation of their impacts on the farmland carbon sink. The results would be constructive to develop strategies for eliminating the adverse effects of contaminants and assist the carbon-neutral programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Yang K, Huang Y, Yang J, Lv C, Sun W, Hu Z, You C, Yu L. Do rice growth and yield respond similarly to abrupt and gradual increase in atmospheric CO 2? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167658. [PMID: 37813261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Crops have been well studied at abruptly elevated CO2 (e[CO2]). In fact, atmospheric CO2 concentration is rising gradually, but its ecological effect is little known. Thus, rice growth and yield were investigated under gradual e[CO2] (GE) and abrupt e[CO2] (AE) using open-top chambers. Gradual e[CO2] involved an ambient CO2 (a[CO2]) + 40 μmol mol-1 per year in 2016 until a[CO2] + 200 μmol mol-1 in 2020, while AE maintained a[CO2] + 200 μmol mol-1 from 2016 to 2020. We found that steady-state photosynthetic rates responded similarly and increased significantly under GE and AE, however, photosynthetic induction time in dynamic photosynthesis was reduced by AE. Gradual e[CO2] had little effect on biomass before the grain filling stage, while AE significantly stimulated biomass because of the stronger tillering ability and faster photosynthetic induction rate. Neither e[CO2] increased biomass at maturity, however, a significant increase in panicle density was observed under AE. Surprisingly, rice yield was not promoted by both e[CO2], possibly resulting from the reduced carbon assimilation caused by accelerated phenology from grain filling to maturity. These results promote a new understanding of the CO2 fertilization effect with small and slow increases in CO2 concentration, closer to what happens in nature. This may partly challenge the classic view of elevated CO2 fertilization effects from AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan You
- Forestry Station of Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pukou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
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Yang K, Huang Y, Yang J, Lv C, Hu Z, Yu L, Sun W. Effects of three patterns of elevated CO2 in single and multiple generations on photosynthesis and stomatal features in rice. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:463-473. [PMID: 36708194 PMCID: PMC10072110 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Effects of elevated CO2 (E) within a generation on photosynthesis and stomatal features have been well documented in crops; however, long-term responses to gradually elevated CO2 (Eg) and abruptly elevated CO2 (Ea) over multiple generations remain scarce. METHODS Japonica rice plants grown in open-top chambers were tested in the first generation (F1) under Ea and in the fifth generation (F5) under Eg and Ea, as follows: Ea in F1: ambient CO2 (A) + 200 μmol mol-1; Eg in F5: an increase of A + 40 μmol mol-1 year-1 until A + 200 μmol mol-1 from 2016 to 2020; Ea in F5: A + 200 μmol mol-1 from 2016 to 2020. For multigenerational tests, the harvested seeds were grown continuously in the following year in the respective CO2 environments. KEY RESULTS The responses to Ea in F1 were consistent with the previous consensus, such as the occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation, stimulation of photosynthesis, and downregulation of photosynthetic physiological parameters and stomatal area. In contrast, multigenerational exposure to both Eg and Ea did not induce photosynthetic acclimation, but stimulated greater photosynthesis and had little effect on the photosynthetic physiology and stomatal traits. This suggests that E retained intergenerational effects on photosynthesis and stomatal features and that there were no multigenerational differences in the effects of Eg and Ea. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that projecting future changes induced by E based on the physiological responses of contemporary plants could be misleading. Thus, responses of plants to large and rapid environmental changes within a generation cannot predict the long-term response of plants to natural environmental changes over multiple generations, especially in annual herbs with short life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang C, Li Y, Yu Z, Wang G, Liu X, Liu J, Liu J, Zhang X, Yin K, Jin J. Co-elevation of atmospheric [CO 2] and temperature alters photosynthetic capacity and instantaneous water use efficiency in rice cultivars in a cold-temperate region. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1037720. [PMID: 36507439 PMCID: PMC9727307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1037720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop photosynthetic capacity in response to climate change likely constrains crop productivity and adaptability to changing environments, which requests the investigation on the dynamics of photosynthetic parameters over growth season among varieties, especially in cold-temperate regions. Three Japonica rice cultivars i.e., Shoubaimao (SH), Hejiang 19 (HJ); Longjing 31, (LJ). were planted under the control, e[CO2] (700 μmol mol-1), warming (2°C above the air temperature) and the co-elevation of [CO2] and temperature in open-top chambers (OTC). The objective of this study is to examine the rice photosynthetic parameters, water use efficiency (WUE) and yield formation in responses to the co-elevation of [CO2] and temperature which is the main predicted features of future climate. e[CO2] significantly increased An of SH, HJ and LJ by 37%, 39% and 23% in comparison to 34%, 34% and 27% under elevated [CO2] plus warming, respectively. However, An had a weak response to warming for three cultivars. [CO2] and temperature co-elevation significantly decreased the stomatal conductance, resulting in a significant increase of the WUE. e[CO2] significantly increased Vc, max , Jmax and Jmax /Vc, max . e[CO2] significantly increased grain yield and grain number of all cultivars. The positive effect of co-elevation of [CO2] and temperature on grain yield was less than e[CO2]. Warming is likely to partially offset the increased photosynthetic rate caused by e[CO2]. The [CO2] and temperature co-elevation may be favorable to rice crop with increasing the photosynthetic ability of rice crop and improving water use efficiency. The present study provided evidence that the rice genotypic difference in photosynthetic potential under [CO2] and temperature co-elevation. Therefore, it is crucial to explore a broader range of phenotypes and cultivars to be applied to climate change response research, advancing the knowledge that climate change impacts rice crop under the cold-temperate climate region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Judong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xingmei Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Kuide Yin
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Hu S, Chen W, Tong K, Wang Y, Jing L, Wang Y, Yang L. Response of rice growth and leaf physiology to elevated CO 2 concentrations: A meta-analysis of 20-year FACE studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151017. [PMID: 34662626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility enables the study of plant responses to climate change under open field conditions. This meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on 47 variables describing rice growth physiology and whether CO2 effects were influenced by cultivar, plant growth stage, nitrogen application rate or temperature. On average, elevated [CO2] increased root and shoot biomass by 28% and 19%, respectively. Among shoot organs, the [CO2]-induced increase in leaf biomass was only 9%, significantly smaller than a 24% increase in stems or a 25% increase in panicles. The higher biomass for FACE rice was consistent with the stimulation in plant height (4%), maximum tiller number (11%), leaf area index (9%) and light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat, 22%). When compared within rice groups, hybrid rice showed the greatest CO2 response in growth and leaf physiological variables. Elevated [CO2] increased plant biomass and Asat at each rice growth stage, but the increment tended to decline with the advancement of rice growth and development. The increase in aboveground biomass at elevated [CO2] was enhanced by a higher nitrogen supply but reduced with a temperature elevation of 1-2 °C. Rice growth benefited more from elevated [CO2] in Chinese FACE studies than in Japanese FACE studies, which may result from the different cultivars and nitrogen application rates used in the two countries. Combined with a previous meta-analysis of the rice yield response to FACE, the [CO2] level predicted in the middle of this century will improve rice productivity by stimulating leaf photosynthesis. However, the effects of CO2 on the photosynthetic rate and rice growth tend to shrink over the plant life cycle. Selecting heat-resistant, high-yield hybrid rice cultivars with large sink capacity, supplemented with appropriate nitrogen input, will maximize the CO2 fertilizer effect in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Kaicheng Tong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Liquan Jing
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Lianxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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QTL mapping and candidate gene mining of flag leaf size traits in Japonica rice based on linkage mapping and genome-wide association study. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:63-71. [PMID: 34677716 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most important factors of the japonica rice plant, leaf shape affects the photosynthesis and carbohydrate accumulation directly. Mining and using new leaf shape related genes/QTLs can further enrich the theory of molecular breeding and accelerate the breeding process of japonica rice. METHODS In the present study, 2 RILs and a natural population with 295 japonica rice varieties were used to map QTLs for flag leaf length (FL), flag leaf width (FW) and flag leaf area (FLA) by linkage analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) throughout 2 years. RESULTS A total of 64 QTLs were detected by 2 ways, and pleiotropic QTLs qFL2 (Chr2_33,332,579) and qFL10 (Chr10_10,107,835; Chr10_10,230,100) consisted of overlapping QTLs mapped by linkage analysis and GWAS throughout the 2 years were identified. CONCLUSIONS The candidate genes LOC_Os02g54254, LOC_Os02g54550, LOC_Os10g20160, LOC_Os10g20240, LOC_Os10g20260 were obtained, filtered by linkage disequilibrium (LD), and haplotype analysis. LOC_Os10g20160 (SD-RLK-45) showed outstanding characteristics in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis in leaf development period, belongs to S-domain receptor-like protein kinases gene and probably to be a main gene regulating flag leaf width of japonica rice. The results of this study provide valuable resources for mining the main genes/QTLs of japonica rice leaf development and molecular breeding of japonica rice ideal leaf shape.
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Hu S, Wang Y, Yang L. Response of rice yield traits to elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration and its interaction with cultivar, nitrogen application rate and temperature: A meta-analysis of 20 years FACE studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142797. [PMID: 33131850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility simulates future high CO2 environment in an open field, and is considered the best approach to assess the actual response of crop production to climate change. This meta-analysis synthesizes all studies conducted under FACE conditions on rice yield response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and its interaction with cultivar, nitrogen application rate and temperature. On average, elevated [CO2] enhanced rice yield by 16.2%, which resulted from positive response of each yield component. The yield enhancement by elevated [CO2] of hybrid rice (24.7%) was significantly greater than conventional rice (14.2%), and among conventional rice cultivars, indica rice had a larger yield response (20.4%) than japonica rice (12.7%). The superior performance of hybrid and indica rice under FACE conditions was mainly attributed to the larger increase in spikelet density. The response of rice yield to elevated [CO2] varied with nitrogen supply. The maximum increase of 21.1% occurred at the nitrogen application rate of 21-30 g m-2. Both insufficient and excess nitrogen supply negate yield increase by FACE but through different approaches. Elevated [CO2] increased rice yield by 16.7% at ambient temperature but only 10.1% at elevated temperature (1-2 °C); The smaller yield increase at elevated temperature was due to the negative response of filled grain percentage and grain mass. In conclusion, atmospheric CO2 concentration projected in the middle of this century will enhance rice yield mainly through the increase of spikelet density, whereas the magnitude of CO2 fertilizer effect will be affected by the cultivar, nitrogen application rate and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Lianxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Tang S, Cheng W, Hu R, Guigue J, Hattori S, Tawaraya K, Tokida T, Fukuoka M, Yoshimoto M, Sakai H, Usui Y, Xu X, Hasegawa T. Five-year soil warming changes soil C and N dynamics in a single rice paddy field in Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143845. [PMID: 33277011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil temperature is an important determinant of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, but its effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) dynamics as well as rice biomass in rice paddy ecosystems are not fully understood. We conducted a five-year soil warming experiment in a single-cropping paddy field in Japan. Soil temperatures were elevated by approximate 2 °C with heating wires during the rice growing season and by approximate 1 °C with nighttime thermal blankets during the fallow season. Soil samples were collected in autumn after rice harvest and in spring after fallow each year, and anaerobically incubated at 30 °C for four weeks to determine soil C decomposition and N mineralization potentials. The SOC and TN contents, rice biomass, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentrations were measured in the study. Soil warming did not significantly enhance rice aboveground and root biomasses, but it significantly decreased SOC and TN contents and thus decreased soil C decomposition and N mineralization potentials due to depletion of available C and N. Moreover, soil warming significantly decreased DOC concentration but significantly increased MBC concentration. The ratios of C decomposition potential to N mineralization potential, decomposition potential to SOC, and N mineralization to TN were not affected by soil warming. There were significant seasonal and annual variations in SOC, C decomposition and N mineralization potentials, soil DOC and MBC under each temperature treatments. Our study implied that soil warming can decrease soil C and N stocks in paddy ecosystem probably via stimulating microbial activities and accelerating the depletion of DOC. This study further highlights the importance of long-term in situ observation of C and N dynamics and their availabilities in rice paddy ecosystems under increasing global warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuirong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weiguo Cheng
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan.
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Julien Guigue
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan; Chair of Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Satoshi Hattori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tawaraya
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Minehiko Fukuoka
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yoshimoto
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Shinseiminami 9-4, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Xingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka 020-0198, Japan
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Fabre D, Dingkuhn M, Yin X, Clément-Vidal A, Roques S, Soutiras A, Luquet D. Genotypic variation in source and sink traits affects the response of photosynthesis and growth to elevated atmospheric CO 2. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:579-593. [PMID: 31961455 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the response of photosynthesis and growth to e-CO2 conditions (800 vs. 400 μmol mol-1 ) of rice genotypes differing in source-sink relationships. A proxy trait called local C source-sink ratio was defined as the ratio of flag leaf area to the number of spikelets on the corresponding panicle, and five genotypes differing in this ratio were grown in a controlled greenhouse. Differential CO2 resources were applied either during the 2 weeks following heading (EXP1) or during the whole growth cycle (EXP2). Under e-CO2 , low source-sink ratio cultivars (LSS) had greater gains in photosynthesis, and they accumulated less nonstructural carbohydrate in the flag leaf than high source-sink ratio cultivars (HSS). In EXP2, grain yield and biomass gain was also greater in LSS probably caused by their strong sink. Photosynthetic capacity response to e-CO2 was negatively correlated across genotypes with local C source-sink ratio, a trait highly conserved across environments. HSS were sink-limited under e-CO2 , probably associated with low triose phosphate utilization (TPU) capacity. We suggest that the local C source-sink ratio is a potential target for selecting more CO2 -responsive cultivars, pending validation for a broader genotypic spectrum and for field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Fabre
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Dingkuhn
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Clément-Vidal
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Roques
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Armelle Soutiras
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Luquet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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10
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Wang B, Guo C, Wan Y, Li J, Ju X, Cai W, You S, Qin X, Wilkes A, Li Y. Air warming and CO 2 enrichment increase N use efficiency and decrease N surplus in a Chinese double rice cropping system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:136063. [PMID: 31855630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effectiveness of N might be modified in rice cultivation under future climate change with elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]). At present, limited information is available to understand how plant N uptake and N use efficiency respond to elevated [CO2] and/or temperature in Chinese double rice cropping systems. A four-year field experiment was therefore conducted using open-top chambers with varying [CO2] (ambient, ambient +60 μmol mol-1) and varying temperature (ambient, ambient +2 °C) in Hubei Province, Central China. Compared with ambient conditions, elevated [CO2] increased plant N uptake and N use efficiency, as measured by fertilizer N recovery efficiency (NRE), N agronomic efficiency (NAE), N physiological efficiency (NPE) and apparent system N use efficiency (NUEsys), in both early rice and late rice. CO2 enrichment tended to decrease soil mineral N concentration since more N was assimilated by plants. Elevated temperature led to lower plant N uptake and decreased NRE and NAE in early rice, due to a reduction in grain yield induced by heat injury. In contrast, warming increased plant N uptake and N use efficiency in late rice as no heat stress existed. Warming tended to increase soil mineral N concentration in early rice but had negligible effects in late rice. When elevated [CO2] and temperature were combined, the positive effects of CO2 enrichment for N utilization were able to compensate for the negative effects of warming in early rice, while the interaction was synergetic in late rice. Hence, co-elevation of [CO2] and temperature led to higher N use efficiency (64.6% for NUEsys across four years) and decreased annual N surplus by 28.6-36.5 kg N ha-1 compared with ambient conditions. Our findings confirm that CO2 enrichment and air warming can improve N use efficiency at both crop level and system level in Chinese double rice cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Plant Protection Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010031, China
| | - Yunfan Wan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianling Li
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Songcai You
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Andreas Wilkes
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu'e Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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11
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Purcell C, Batke SP, Yiotis C, Caballero R, Soh WK, Murray M, McElwain JC. Increasing stomatal conductance in response to rising atmospheric CO2. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:1137-1149. [PMID: 29394303 PMCID: PMC5946907 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Studies have indicated that plant stomatal conductance (gs) decreases in response to elevated atmospheric CO2, a phenomenon of significance for the global hydrological cycle. However, gs increases across certain CO2 ranges have been predicted by optimization models. The aim of this work was to demonstrate that under certain environmental conditions, gs can increase in response to elevated CO2. Methods Using (1) an extensive, up-to-date synthesis of gs responses in free air CO2 enrichment (FACE)experiments, (2) in situ measurements across four biomes showing dynamic gs responses to a CO2 rise of ~50 ppm (characterizing the change in this greenhouse gas over the past three decades) and (3) a photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model, it is demonstrated that gs can in some cases increase in response to increasing atmospheric CO2. Key Results Field observations are corroborated by an extensive synthesis of gs responses in FACE experiments showing that 11.8 % of gs responses under experimentally elevated CO2 are positive. They are further supported by a strong data-model fit (r2 = 0.607) using a stomatal optimization model applied to the field gs dataset. A parameter space identified in the Farquhar-Ball-Berry photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model confirms field observations of increasing gs under elevated CO2 in hot dry conditions. Contrary to the general assumption, positive gs responses to elevated CO2, although relatively rare, are a feature of woody taxa adapted to warm, low-humidity conditions, and this response is also demonstrated in global simulations using the Community Land Model (CLM4). Conclusions The results contradict the over-simplistic notion that global vegetation always responds with decreasing gs to elevated CO2, a finding that has important implications for predicting future vegetation feedbacks on the hydrological cycle at the regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Purcell
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S P Batke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, UK
| | - C Yiotis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Caballero
- Department of Meteorology and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W K Soh
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Murray
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J C McElwain
- Botany Department, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Cai C, Li G, Yang H, Yang J, Liu H, Struik PC, Luo W, Yin X, Di L, Guo X, Jiang W, Si C, Pan G, Zhu J. Do all leaf photosynthesis parameters of rice acclimate to elevated CO 2 , elevated temperature, and their combination, in FACE environments? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1685-1707. [PMID: 29076597 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Leaf photosynthesis of crops acclimates to elevated CO2 and temperature, but studies quantifying responses of leaf photosynthetic parameters to combined CO2 and temperature increases under field conditions are scarce. We measured leaf photosynthesis of rice cultivars Changyou 5 and Nanjing 9108 grown in two free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) systems, respectively, installed in paddy fields. Each FACE system had four combinations of two levels of CO2 (ambient and enriched) and two levels of canopy temperature (no warming and warmed by 1.0-2.0°C). Parameters of the C3 photosynthesis model of Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry (the FvCB model), and of a stomatal conductance (gs ) model were estimated for the four conditions. Most photosynthetic parameters acclimated to elevated CO2 , elevated temperature, and their combination. The combination of elevated CO2 and temperature changed the functional relationships between biochemical parameters and leaf nitrogen content for Changyou 5. The gs model significantly underestimated gs under the combination of elevated CO2 and temperature by 19% for Changyou 5 and by 10% for Nanjing 9108 if no acclimation was assumed. However, our further analysis applying the coupled gs -FvCB model to an independent, previously published FACE experiment showed that including such an acclimation response of gs hardly improved prediction of leaf photosynthesis under the four combinations of CO2 and temperature. Therefore, the typical procedure that crop models using the FvCB and gs models are parameterized from plants grown under current ambient conditions may not result in critical errors in projecting productivity of paddy rice under future global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Cai
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaheng Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Weihong Luo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lijun Di
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanhe Guo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanfei Si
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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13
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Ikawa H, Chen CP, Sikma M, Yoshimoto M, Sakai H, Tokida T, Usui Y, Nakamura H, Ono K, Maruyama A, Watanabe T, Kuwagata T, Hasegawa T. Increasing canopy photosynthesis in rice can be achieved without a large increase in water use-A model based on free-air CO 2 enrichment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1321-1341. [PMID: 29136323 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Achieving higher canopy photosynthesis rates is one of the keys to increasing future crop production; however, this typically requires additional water inputs because of increased water loss through the stomata. Lowland rice canopies presently consume a large amount of water, and any further increase in water usage may significantly impact local water resources. This situation is further complicated by changing the environmental conditions such as rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2 ]). Here, we modeled and compared evapotranspiration of fully developed rice canopies of a high-yielding rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. Takanari) with a common cultivar (cv. Koshihikari) under ambient and elevated [CO2 ] (A-CO2 and E-CO2 , respectively) via leaf ecophysiological parameters derived from a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment. Takanari had 4%-5% higher evapotranspiration than Koshihikari under both A-CO2 and E-CO2 , and E-CO2 decreased evapotranspiration of both varieties by 4%-6%. Therefore, if Takanari was cultivated under future [CO2 ] conditions, the cost for water could be maintained at the same level as for cultivating Koshihikari at current [CO2 ] with an increase in canopy photosynthesis by 36%. Sensitivity analyses determined that stomatal conductance was a significant physiological factor responsible for the greater canopy photosynthesis in Takanari over Koshihikari. Takanari had 30%-40% higher stomatal conductance than Koshihikari; however, the presence of high aerodynamic resistance in the natural field and lower canopy temperature of Takanari than Koshihikari resulted in the small difference in evapotranspiration. Despite the small difference in evapotranspiration between varieties, the model simulations showed that Takanari clearly decreased canopy and air temperatures within the planetary boundary layer compared to Koshihikari. Our results indicate that lowland rice varieties characterized by high-stomatal conductance can play a key role in enhancing productivity and moderating heat-induced damage to grain quality in the coming decades, without significantly increasing crop water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ikawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Charles P Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sikma
- Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mayumi Yoshimoto
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Large-scale Farming Research Division, NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Ono
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maruyama
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Watanabe
- Water and Material Cycles Division, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kuwagata
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Japan
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14
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Noguchi K, Tsunoda T, Miyagi A, Kawai-Yamada M, Sugiura D, Miyazawa SI, Tokida T, Usui Y, Nakamura H, Sakai H, Hasegawa T. Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Respiratory Rates in Mature Leaves of Two Rice Cultivars Grown at a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Site and Analyses of the Underlying Mechanisms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:637-649. [PMID: 29401364 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory CO2 efflux and O2 uptake rates in leaves change in response to the growth CO2 concentration ([CO2]). The degrees of change vary depending on the responses of cellular processes such as nitrogen (N) assimilation and accumulation of organic acids to growth [CO2]. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the respiratory characteristics of mature leaves of two rice varieties with different yield capacities at different growth stages under ambient and elevated [CO2] conditions at a free-air CO2 enrichment site. We also examined the effect of increased water temperature on leaf respiration. We measured the rates of CO2 efflux and O2 uptake, and determined N contents, primary metabolite contents and maximal activities of respiratory enzymes. The leaf CO2 efflux rates decreased in plants grown at elevated [CO2] in both varieties, and were higher in high-yielding Takanari than in Koshihikari. The leaf O2 uptake rates showed little change with respect to growth [CO2] and variety. The increased water temperature did not significantly affect the CO2 efflux and O2 uptake rates. The N and amino acid contents were significantly higher in Takanari than in Koshihikari. The enhanced N assimilation in Takanari may have consumed more respiratory NADH, leading to higher CO2 efflux rates. In Koshihikari, the ratio of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates changed and maximal activities of enzymes in the TCA cycle decreased at elevated [CO2]. Therefore, the decreased rates of CO2 efflux in Koshihikari may be due to the decreased activities of TCA cycle enzymes at elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Tomonori Tsunoda
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyazawa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, 305-8687 Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Division of Farming System Research, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 9-4 Shinseiminami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido, 082-0081 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakamura
- Taiyo Keiki Co. Ltd., 1-12-3 Nakajujo, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0032 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Division of Climate Change, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Agro-Environmental Research, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198 Japan
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15
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Hasegawa T, Sakai H, Tokida T, Usui Y, Yoshimoto M, Fukuoka M, Nakamura H, Shimono H, Okada M. Rice Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Studies to Improve Assessment of Climate Change Effects on Rice Agriculture. IMPROVING MODELING TOOLS TO ASSESS CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON CROP RESPONSE 2016. [DOI: 10.2134/advagricsystmodel7.2014.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Hasegawa
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences; 3-1-3 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences; 3-1-3 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences; 3-1-3 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences; 3-1-3 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | - Mayumi Yoshimoto
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences; 3-1-3 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | - Minehiko Fukuoka
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences; 3-1-3 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | | | | | - Masumi Okada
- Iwate University; 3-18-8 Ueda Morioka Iwate 020-8550 Japan
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16
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Li Y, Liu J, Zhou G, Huang W, Duan H. Warming effects on photosynthesis of subtropical tree species: a translocation experiment along an altitudinal gradient. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24895. [PMID: 27102064 PMCID: PMC4840356 DOI: 10.1038/srep24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing climate warming induced by human activities may have great impacts on trees, yet it remains unresolved how subtropical tree species respond to rising temperature in the field. Here, we used downward translocation to investigate the effects of climate warming on leaf photosynthesis of six common tree species in subtropical China. During the experimental period between 2012 and 2014, the mean average photosynthetic rates (Asat) under saturating light for Schima superba, Machilus breviflora, Pinus massoniana and Ardisia lindleyana in the warm site were7%, 19%, 20% and 29% higher than those in the control site. In contrast, seasonal Asat for Castanopsis hystrix in the warm site were lower compared to the control site. Changes in Asat in response to translocation were mainly associated with those in leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic capacity (RuBP carboxylation, RuBP regeneration capacity). Our results imply that climate warming could have potential impacts on species composition and community structure in subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wenjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330099, China
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17
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Usui Y, Sakai H, Tokida T, Nakamura H, Nakagawa H, Hasegawa T. Rice grain yield and quality responses to free-air CO2 enrichment combined with soil and water warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1256-70. [PMID: 26463894 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rising air temperatures are projected to reduce rice yield and quality, whereas increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2 ]) can increase grain yield. For irrigated rice, ponded water is an important temperature environment, but few open-field evaluations are available on the combined effects of temperature and [CO2 ], which limits our ability to predict future rice production. We conducted free-air CO2 enrichment and soil and water warming experiments, for three growing seasons to determine the yield and quality response to elevated [CO2 ] (+200 μmol mol(-1) , E-[CO2 ]) and soil and water temperatures (+2 °C, E-T). E-[CO2 ] significantly increased biomass and grain yield by approximately 14% averaged over 3 years, mainly because of increased panicle and spikelet density. E-T significantly increased biomass but had no significant effect on the grain yield. E-T decreased days from transplanting to heading by approximately 1%, but days to the maximum tiller number (MTN) stage were reduced by approximately 8%, which limited the panicle density and therefore sink capacity. On the other hand, E-[CO2 ] increased days to the MTN stage by approximately 4%, leading to a greater number of tillers. Grain appearance quality was decreased by both treatments, but E-[CO2 ] showed a much larger effect than did E-T. The significant decrease in undamaged grains (UDG) by E-[CO2 ] was mainly the result of an increased percentage of white-base grains (WBSG), which were negatively correlated with grain protein content. A significant decrease in grain protein content by E-[CO2 ] accounted in part for the increased WBSG. The dependence of WBSG on grain protein content, however, was different among years; the slope and intercept of the relationship were positively correlated with a heat dose above 26 °C. Year-to-year variation in the response of grain appearance quality demonstrated that E-[CO2 ] and rising air temperatures synergistically reduce grain appearance quality of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Usui
- Agro-Meteorology Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Agro-Meteorology Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Agro-Meteorology Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakamura
- Taiyo Keiki Co. Ltd., 1-12-3 Nakajujo, Kitaku, Tokyo, 114-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- NARO, National Agricultural Research Center, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Agro-Meteorology Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
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18
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Sun J, Sun J, Feng Z. Modelling photosynthesis in flag leaves of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) considering the variation in photosynthesis parameters during development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:1036-1044. [PMID: 32480743 DOI: 10.1071/fp15140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) model of photosynthesis has been widely used to estimate the photosynthetic C flux of plants under different growth conditions. However, the seasonal fluctuation of some photosynthesis parameters (e.g. the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax), the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) and internal mesophyll conductance to CO2 transport (gm)) is not considered in the FvCB model. In this study, we investigated the patterns of the FvCB parameters during flag leaf development based on measured photosynthesis-intercellular CO2 curves in two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Parameterised seasonal patterns of photosynthesis parameters in the FvCB model have subsequently been applied in order to predict the photosynthesis of flag leaves. The results indicate that the Gaussian curve characterises the dynamic patterns of Vcmax, Jmax and gm well. Compared with the model with fixed photosynthesis parameter values, updating the FvCB model by considering seasonal changes in Vcmax and Jmax during flag leaf development slightly improved predictions of photosynthesis. However, if the updated FvCB model incorporated the seasonal patterns of Vcmax and Jmax, and also of gm, predictions of photosynthesis was improved a lot, matching well with the measurements (R2=0.87, P<0.0001). This suggests that the dynamics of photosynthesis parameters, particularly gm, play an important role in estimating the photosynthesis rate of winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | | | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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19
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Abstract
One of the many ways that climate change may affect human health is by altering the nutrient content of food crops. However, previous attempts to study the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on crop nutrition have been limited by small sample sizes and/or artificial growing conditions. Here we present data from a meta-analysis of the nutritional contents of the edible portions of 41 cultivars of six major crop species grown using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology to expose crops to ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations in otherwise normal field cultivation conditions. This data, collected across three continents, represents over ten times more data on the nutrient content of crops grown in FACE experiments than was previously available. We expect it to be deeply useful to future studies, such as efforts to understand the impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 on crop macro- and micronutrient concentrations, or attempts to alleviate harmful effects of these changes for the billions of people who depend on these crops for essential nutrients.
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Li T, Hasegawa T, Yin X, Zhu Y, Boote K, Adam M, Bregaglio S, Buis S, Confalonieri R, Fumoto T, Gaydon D, Marcaida M, Nakagawa H, Oriol P, Ruane AC, Ruget F, Singh B, Singh U, Tang L, Tao F, Wilkens P, Yoshida H, Zhang Z, Bouman B. Uncertainties in predicting rice yield by current crop models under a wide range of climatic conditions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:1328-41. [PMID: 25294087 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Predicting rice (Oryza sativa) productivity under future climates is important for global food security. Ecophysiological crop models in combination with climate model outputs are commonly used in yield prediction, but uncertainties associated with crop models remain largely unquantified. We evaluated 13 rice models against multi-year experimental yield data at four sites with diverse climatic conditions in Asia and examined whether different modeling approaches on major physiological processes attribute to the uncertainties of prediction to field measured yields and to the uncertainties of sensitivity to changes in temperature and CO2 concentration [CO2 ]. We also examined whether a use of an ensemble of crop models can reduce the uncertainties. Individual models did not consistently reproduce both experimental and regional yields well, and uncertainty was larger at the warmest and coolest sites. The variation in yield projections was larger among crop models than variation resulting from 16 global climate model-based scenarios. However, the mean of predictions of all crop models reproduced experimental data, with an uncertainty of less than 10% of measured yields. Using an ensemble of eight models calibrated only for phenology or five models calibrated in detail resulted in the uncertainty equivalent to that of the measured yield in well-controlled agronomic field experiments. Sensitivity analysis indicates the necessity to improve the accuracy in predicting both biomass and harvest index in response to increasing [CO2 ] and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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21
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Costa LM. Editorial: Plant and Cell Physiology--past, present and future. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1-3. [PMID: 25756139 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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22
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Terashima I, Yanagisawa S, Sakakibara H. Plant responses to CO2: background and perspectives. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:237-240. [PMID: 24497524 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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