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McNichol BH, Wang R, Hefner A, Helzer C, McMahon SM, Russo SE. Topography-driven microclimate gradients shape forest structure, diversity, and composition in a temperate refugial forest. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:e10153. [PMID: 38863691 PMCID: PMC11166229 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Macroclimate drives vegetation distributions, but fine-scale topographic variation can generate microclimate refugia for plant persistence in unsuitable areas. However, we lack quantitative descriptions of topography-driven microclimatic variation and how it shapes forest structure, diversity, and composition. We hypothesized that topographic variation and the presence of the forest overstory cause spatiotemporal microclimate variation affecting tree performance, causing forest structure, diversity, and composition to vary with topography and microclimate, and topography and the overstory to buffer microclimate. In a 20.2-ha inventory plot in the North American Great Plains, we censused woody stems ≥1 cm in diameter and collected detailed topographic and microclimatic data. Across 59-m of elevation, microclimate covaried with topography to create a sharp desiccation gradient, and topography and the overstory buffered understory microclimate. The magnitude of microclimatic variation mirrored that of regional-scale variation: with increasing elevation, there was a decrease in soil moisture corresponding to the difference across ~2.1° of longitude along the east-to-west aridity gradient and an increase in air temperature corresponding to the difference across ~2.7° of latitude along the north-to-south gradient. More complex forest structure and higher diversity occurred in moister, less-exposed habitats, and species occupied distinct topographic niches. Our study demonstrates how topographic and microclimatic gradients structure forests in putative climate-change refugia, by revealing ecological processes enabling populations to be maintained during periods of unfavorable macroclimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey H. McNichol
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | | | | | - Sean M. McMahon
- Smithsonian Institution Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Sabrina E. Russo
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
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Bachofen C, Tumber-Dávila SJ, Mackay DS, McDowell NG, Carminati A, Klein T, Stocker BD, Mencuccini M, Grossiord C. Tree water uptake patterns across the globe. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38649790 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant water uptake from the soil is a crucial element of the global hydrological cycle and essential for vegetation drought resilience. Yet, knowledge of how the distribution of water uptake depth (WUD) varies across species, climates, and seasons is scarce relative to our knowledge of aboveground plant functions. With a global literature review, we found that average WUD varied more among biomes than plant functional types (i.e. deciduous/evergreen broadleaves and conifers), illustrating the importance of the hydroclimate, especially precipitation seasonality, on WUD. By combining records of rooting depth with WUD, we observed a consistently deeper maximum rooting depth than WUD with the largest differences in arid regions - indicating that deep taproots act as lifelines while not contributing to the majority of water uptake. The most ubiquitous observation across the literature was that woody plants switch water sources to soil layers with the highest water availability within short timescales. Hence, seasonal shifts to deep soil layers occur across the globe when shallow soils are drying out, allowing continued transpiration and hydraulic safety. While there are still significant gaps in our understanding of WUD, the consistency across global ecosystems allows integration of existing knowledge into the next generation of vegetation process models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bachofen
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shersingh Joseph Tumber-Dávila
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01316, USA
| | - D Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14261, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamir Klein
- Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Tiemuerbieke B, Ma JY, Sun W. Differential eco-physiological performance to declining groundwater depth in Central Asian C 3 and C 4 shrubs in the Gurbantunggut Desert. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1244555. [PMID: 38312360 PMCID: PMC10835802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1244555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Resources in water-limited ecosystems are highly variable and unpredictable, and the maintenance of functional diversity among coexisting species is a crucial ecological strategy through which plants mitigate environmental stress. The comparison of differential eco-physiological responses among co-occurring plants in harsh environments could help provide deep insights into the coexistence mechanisms of competing species. Two coexisting desert shrubs with different photosynthetic pathways (Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima) were selected in the Gurbantunggut Desert located in northwest China. This study detected variations in the water sources, photosynthetic parameters, stem water status, and non-structural carbohydrates of the two shrubs at three sites with different groundwater table depths during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 to identify distinct eco-physiological performances in coexisting plants with different functional types under fluctuating water conditions. The water sources of H. ammodendron shifted from soil water to groundwater, while T. ramosissima extracted water mainly from deep soil layers at both sites. Significant reductions in carbon assimilation and stomatal conductance in H. ammodendron with deeper groundwater table depth were detected during most drought periods, but no significant decreases in transpiration rate were detected with declining groundwater table depth. For T. ramosissima, all of these gas exchange parameters decreased with the progression of summer drought, and their relative reduction rates were larger compared with those of H. ammodendron. The stem water status of H. ammodendron deteriorated, and the relative reduction rates of water potential increased with deeper groundwater, whereas those of T. ramosissima did not differ with greater groundwater depth. These findings indicated that prolonged drought would intensify the impact of declining groundwater depth on the eco-physiology of both shrubs, but the extent to which the shrubs would respond differed. The two shrubs were segregated along the water-carbon balance continuum: the C3 shrub T. ramosissima maximized its carbon fixation at an enormous cost of water, while greater carbon fixation was achieved with far greater water economy for H. ammodendron. These results demonstrated that the two shrubs prioritized carbon gain and water loss differently when faced with limited water sources. These mechanisms might mitigate competitive stress and enable their coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahejiayinaer Tiemuerbieke
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jian-Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Olivo AJ, Henning E, Schott L, Schmidt AM. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in agricultural soil after application of cattle manure and eastern redcedar wood chips. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2024; 53:35-46. [PMID: 37846134 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation of eastern redcedar tree (Juniperus virginiana) in the Midwest United States requires new alternatives for utilization of waste wood, such as mulching, that promotes efficient tree management by landowners. Similarly, efficient use of manure from animal feeding operations in cropping systems can reduce negative environmental impacts and increase cropland productivity. The objectives of this study were to quantify the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) decomposition rates, availability, and effects on soil chemical properties of eastern redcedar wood chips (WC), cattle manure (CM), and the combination of cattle manure and wood chips (MW). A 120-day incubation and a 12-month field experiment were conducted in Nebraska. In the incubation study, CM decomposed the fastest, followed by MW and WC. At the end of the experiment, WC induced N immobilization. In the field experiment, most decomposition for all amendments occurred during the period between May and August (spring/summer). Decomposition was most rapid for CM and WC with 44% and 55% organic-C loss by mass, respectively. Approximately, 40% of the organic N in CM mineralized during the 1-year field study. Wood chips induced N immobilization after 6 months for shallow soil layers compared to control (no amendment) but did not induce N immobilization when combined with manure. Changes in soil organic matter concentration due to amendment application were not observed at any stages of the field experiment, likely due to the length of the experiment. However, consecutive applications of comingled MW may provide benefits of C contribution to the soil without inducing N limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin J Olivo
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eric Henning
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Linda Schott
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Amy Millmier Schmidt
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Jiang P, Yan J, Liu R, Zhang X, Fan S. Patterns of deep fine root and water utilization amongst trees, shrubs and herbs in subtropical pine plantations with seasonal droughts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1275464. [PMID: 37799557 PMCID: PMC10548128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1275464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Seasonal droughts will become more severe and frequent under the context of global climate change, this would result in significant variations in the root distribution and water utilization patterns of plants. However, research on the determining factors of deep fine root and water utilization is limited. Methods We measured the fine root biomass and water utilization of trees, shrubs and herbs, and soil properties, light transmission, and community structure parameters in subtropical pine plantations with seasonal droughts. Results and Discussion We found that the proportion of deep fine roots (below 1 m depth) is only 0.2-5.1%, but that of deep soil water utilization can reach 20.9-38.6% during the dry season. Trees improve deep soil water capture capacity by enhancing their dominance in occupying deep soil volume, and enhance their deep resource foraging by increasing their branching capacity of absorptive roots. Shrubs and herbs showed different strategies for deep water competition: shrubs tend to exhibit a "conservative" strategy and tend to increase individual competitiveness, while herbs exhibited an "opportunistic" strategy and tend to increase variety and quantity to adapt to competitions. Conclusion Our results improve our understanding of different deep fine root distribution and water use strategies between overstory trees and understory vegetations, and emphasize the importance of deep fine root in drought resistance as well as the roles of deep soil water utilization in shaping community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Jiang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinliang Yan
- Yangji Forest Farm (Yangtianshan Provincial Nature Reserve Protection Center) of Qingzhou, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Rongxin Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
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Effects of post oak (Quercus stellata) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis) competition on water uptake and root partitioning of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280100. [PMID: 36724141 PMCID: PMC9891534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana is encroaching into new habitats, which will affect native ecosystems as this species competes with other plants for available resources, including water. We designed a greenhouse experiment to investigate changes in soil moisture content and rooting depths of two-year-old J. virginiana saplings growing with or without competition. We had four competition treatments: 1) none, 2) with a native tree (Quercus stellata), 3) with an invasive grass (Bromus inermis), and 4) with both Q. stellata and B. inermis. We measured soil moisture content over two years as well as root length, total biomass, relative water content, midday water potential, and mortality at the end of the experiment. When J. virginiana and B. inermis grew together, water depletion occurred at both 30-40 cm and 10-20 cm. Combined with root length results, we can infer that J. virginiana most likely took up water from the deeper layers whereas B. inermis used water from the top layers. We found a similar pattern of water depletion and uptake when J. virginiana grew with Q. stellata, indicating that J. virginiana took up water from the deeper layers and Q. stellata used water mostly from the top soil layers. When the three species grew together, we found root overlap between J. virginiana and Q. stellata. Despite the root overlap, our relative water content and water potential indicate that J. virginiana was not water stressed in any of the plant combinations. Regardless, J. virginiana saplings had less total biomass in treatments with B. inermis and we recorded a significantly higher mortality when J. virginiana grew with both competitors. Root overlap and partitioning can affect how J. virginiana perform and adapt to new competitors and can allow their co-existence with grasses and other woody species, which can facilitate J. virginiana encroachment into grasslands and woodlands. Our data also show that competition with both Q. stellata and B. inermis could limit establishment, regardless of water availability.
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Lu C, Zhang J, Min X, Chen J, Huang Y, Zhao H, Yan T, Liu X, Wang H, Liu H. Contrasting responses of early‐ and late‐season plant phenophases to altered precipitation. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Lu
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (IEC), East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou China
| | - Xueting Min
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (IEC), East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Jianghui Chen
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (IEC), East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (IEC), East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Hongfang Zhao
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Tao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (IEC), East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
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Dasgupta B, Sanyal P. Linking Land Use Land Cover change to global groundwater storage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158618. [PMID: 36084786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater storage is facing the constant threat of over-exploitation and irreversible depletion, often attributed to agricultural and industrial usage as well as human mismanagement. While several methodologies, varying from well logs to gravity recovery data, have been successfully adopted over the years to track and mitigate groundwater loss, Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) has never been quantified to evaluate groundwater storage and variability. LULC change alters the hydrological connectivity between the surface and subsurface water. Towards this, we employed a decision tree based Machine Learning model to (a) identify hydrological and terrestrial drivers affecting groundwater resources, (b) predict shallow and deep groundwater variability, (c) rank the drivers according to their impact on groundwater distribution, and (d) understand groundwater distribution as a function of LULC change. The model was developed globally, and then extended to basinal scale observations in the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers of the Indian subcontinent. Model output has helped to (a) compute the 'infiltration index' associated with each Land Cover, (b) equate cropland expansion among the three basins with shallow and deep groundwater storage and (c) link LULC-groundwater change to crop yield. RCP 2.6 crop yield estimates for the 21st century proves detrimental to Indian food and freshwater security, given the strong coupling of groundwater-LULC among the three basins and how Land Cover change translates to groundwater storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhasvata Dasgupta
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.
| | - Prasanta Sanyal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India; Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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Sun Z, Feng M, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhang W, Li Y, Huang Y, Qi P, Wang W, Zou Y, Jiang M. A healthier water use strategy in primitive forests contributes to stronger water conservation capabilities compared with secondary forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158290. [PMID: 36030869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water conservation is an important ecological function of forest ecosystems, plant water use strategy is a key factor in regulating forest ecosystem water balance. However, there are still insufficient studies on the water conservation capacity and water use strategies of different forest types, especially in climate-sensitive areas. In this study, we determined the stable isotope values (δD, δ18O and d-excess) of plant water, soil water and precipitation from two typical stand types (primary forest and secondary forest) on Changbai Mountain to reveal plant water use and evaluated the water conservation capacity. The results indicated that rainwater infiltrated into the soil combined with piston flow and preferential flow in the primary forest, and preferential flow was the only form of flow in the secondary forest. The main tree species in the primary forest formed a relatively stable water use niche. Among them, the water use pattern of Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb (Qm.) was transformed between shallow and deep soil layers with strong ecological plasticity. The dominant species in secondary forest derived water from similar soil layers with intense interspecific competition. By comparing the water use patterns, the secondary forest conformed to the hypothesis of "two water worlds", while the primary forest conformed to the hypothesis of one reservoir. The primary forest ecosystem had stronger water conservation capacity than secondary forest ecosystem due to the regulable water use strategies of plants and the stable water conservation capacity of the soil. These results will provide theoretical support and a reference for plan future forest management strategies in the climate-sensitive areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, PR China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Mingming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, PR China.
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, PR China; College of Geogragpy and ocean Science, Yanbian University, Yanbian 133002, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, PR China; College of Geogragpy and ocean Science, Yanbian University, Yanbian 133002, PR China
| | - Peng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Yuanchun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (IGA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, PR China
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Gao Y, Chen J, Wang G, Liu Z, Sun W, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Different Responses in Root Water Uptake of Summer Maize to Planting Density and Nitrogen Fertilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918043. [PMID: 35812915 PMCID: PMC9263914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modifying farming practices combined with breeding has the potential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency by regulating root growth, but achieving this goal requires phenotyping the roots, including their architecture and ability to take up water and nutrients from different soil layers. This is challenging due to the difficulty of in situ root measurement and opaqueness of the soil. Using stable isotopes and soil coring, we calculated the change in root water uptake of summer maize in response to planting density and nitrogen fertilization in a 2-year field experiment. We periodically measured root-length density, soil moisture content, and stable isotopes δ18O and δD in the plant stem, soil water, and precipitation concurrently and calculated the root water uptake based on the mass balance of the isotopes and the Bayesian inference method coupled with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the root water uptake increased asymptotically with root-length density and that nitrogen application affected the locations in soil from which the roots acquired water more significantly than planting density. In particular, we find that reducing nitrogen application promoted root penetration to access subsoil nutrients and consequently enhanced their water uptake from the subsoil, while increasing planting density benefited water uptake of the roots in the topsoil. These findings reveal that it is possible to manipulate plant density and fertilization to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of the summer maize and the results thus have imperative implications for agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinsai Chen
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangshuai Wang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weihao Sun
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department Sustainable Agriculture Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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Zhu Y, Shen H, Akinyemi DS, Zhang P, Feng Y, Zhao M, Kang J, Zhao X, Hu H, Fang J. Increased precipitation attenuates shrub encroachment by facilitating herbaceous growth in a Mongolian grassland. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Damilare Stephen Akinyemi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Pujin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences Hohhot Inner Mongolia China 010031
| | - Yinping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Mengying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Jie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
| | - Huifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
| | - Jingyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
- Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing China 100871
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Changing Sensitivity of Diverse Tropical Biomes to Precipitation Consistent with the Expected Carbon Dioxide Fertilization Effect. JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Global environmental changes have implications for the terrestrial ecosystem functioning, but disentangling individual effects remains elusive. The impact of vegetation responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations is particularly poorly understood. As the atmospheric CO2 concentration increases, the CO2 acts as a fertilizer for plant growth. An increase in atmospheric CO2 reduces the amount of water needed to produce an equivalent amount of biomass due to closing or a narrowing of the stomata that reduces the amount of water that is transpired by plants. To study the impacts of climate change and CO2 fertilization on plant growth, we analyzed the growing season sensitivity of plant growth to climatic forcing from alpine to semi-desert eco-climatic zones of Ethiopia for various plant functional types over the period of 1982–2011. Growing season 3rd generation Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (NDVI) was used as a proxy of plant growth, while mean growing season precipitation (prec), temperature (temp), and solar radiation (sr) as the climate forcing. The sensitivities of plant growth are calculated as a partial correlation, and a derivative of NDVI with respect to prec, temp and sr for earliest and recent 15-year periods of the satellite records, and using a moving window of 15-year. Our results show increasing trends of plant growth that are not explained by any climate variables. We also find that an equivalent increase in prec leads to a larger increase in NDVI since the 1980s. This result implies a given amount of prec has sustained greater amounts of plant foliage materials over time due to decreasing transpiration with increasing CO2 concentration as expected from the CO2 fertilization effect on water use efficiency and plant growth. Increasing trends of growth in shallow-rooted vegetation tend to be associated with woody vegetation encroachment.
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Water Uptake Pattern by Coniferous Forests in Two Habitats Linked to Precipitation Changes in Subtropical Monsoon Climate Region, China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Variations in precipitation patterns under climate changes influence water availability, which has important implications for plants’ water use and the sustainability of vegetation. However, the water uptake patterns of the main forest species under different temporal spatial conditions of water availability remain poorly understood, especially in areas of high temporal spatial heterogeneity, such as the subtropical monsoon climate region of China. We investigated the water uptake patterns and physiological factors of the most widespread and coniferous forest species, Cunninghamia lanceolata L. and Pinus massoniana L., in the early wet season with short drought (NP), high antecedent precipitation (HP), and low antecedent precipitation (LP), as well as in the early dry season (DP), in edaphic and rocky habitats. The results showed that the two species mainly absorbed soil water from shallow layers, even in the short drought period in the wet season and switched to deeper layers in the early dry season in both habitats. It was noted that the trees utilized deep layers water in edaphic habitats when the antecedent rainfall was high. The two species showed no significant differences in water uptake depth, but exhibited notably distinct leaf water potential behavior. C. lanceolata maintained less negative predawn and midday water potential, whereas P. massoniana showed higher diurnal water potential ranges. Moreover, the water potential of P. massoniana was negatively associated with the antecedent precipitation amount. These results indicate that for co-existing species in these communities, there is significant eco-physiological niche segregation but no eco-hydrological segregation. For tree species in two habitats, the water uptake depth was influenced by the avaliable soil water but the physiological factors were unchanged, and were determined by the species’ genes. Furthermore, during the long drought in the growing season, we observed probable divergent responses of C. lanceolata and P. massoniana, such as growth restriction for the former and hydraulic failure for the latter. However, when the precipitation was heavy and long, these natural species were able to increase the ecohydrological linkages between the ecosystem and the deep-layer system in this edaphic habitat.
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14
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Soil Water Use Strategies of Dominant Tree Species Based on Stable Isotopes in Subtropical Regions, Central China. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Water is a crucial factor affecting plant growth and ecosystem processes. In the subtropical region, global climate change leads to frequent seasonal droughts. How plant water strategies and the adaptability of forest ecosystems change is an urgent issue to be discussed. In this study, four sample plots (P. massoniana for Plot 1, C. lanceolata for Plot 2, Q. acutissima for Plot 3, C. funebris and I. corallina for Plot 4) were selected in the Taizishan Mountain area of Hubei, China, including three forest types (coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest and coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest) and five dominant tree species. The δD and δ18O isotope compositions in plant and soil water were analysed, and the water use strategies of dominant species were predicted by using the MixSIAR model. The water absorption depth and proportion of the five species were significantly different in different seasons. In plot 4, I. corallina and C. funebris derived (58.8 ± 14.0% and 55.7 ± 23.4%, respectively) water from 10–40 cm soil in wet season, but C. funebris shifted to derive water from deep soil in dry season. This result indicates that the mixing of C. funebris and I. corallina can effectively prevent water competition in dry season with water deficit. From wet season to dry season, the depth of water utilisation of the P. massoniana, C. lanceolata, Q. acutissima and C. funebris with deep roots converted from shallow to deep soil, suggesting that the four species had significant dimorphic root systems and strong ecological plasticity.
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15
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Pivovaroff AL, McDowell NG, Rodrigues TB, Brodribb T, Cernusak LA, Choat B, Grossiord C, Ishida Y, Jardine KJ, Laurance S, Leff R, Li W, Liddell M, Mackay DS, Pacheco H, Peters J, de J Sampaio Filho I, Souza DC, Wang W, Zhang P, Chambers J. Stability of tropical forest tree carbon-water relations in a rainfall exclusion treatment through shifts in effective water uptake depth. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:6454-6466. [PMID: 34469040 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing severity and frequency of drought is predicted for large portions of the terrestrial biosphere, with major impacts already documented in wet tropical forests. Using a 4-year rainfall exclusion experiment in the Daintree Rainforest in northeast Australia, we examined canopy tree responses to reduced precipitation and soil water availability by quantifying seasonal changes in plant hydraulic and carbon traits for 11 tree species between control and drought treatments. Even with reduced soil volumetric water content in the upper 1 m of soil in the drought treatment, we found no significant difference between treatments for predawn and midday leaf water potential, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, foliar stable carbon isotope composition, leaf mass per area, turgor loss point, xylem vessel anatomy, or leaf and stem nonstructural carbohydrates. While empirical measurements of aboveground traits revealed homeostatic maintenance of plant water status and traits in response to reduced soil moisture, modeled belowground dynamics revealed that trees in the drought treatment shifted the depth from which water was acquired to deeper soil layers. These findings reveal that belowground acclimation of tree water uptake depth may buffer tropical rainforests from more severe droughts that may arise in future with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria L Pivovaroff
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Tayana Barrozo Rodrigues
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Tim Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brendan Choat
- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yoko Ishida
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kolby J Jardine
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Susan Laurance
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Riley Leff
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Weibin Li
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Michael Liddell
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - D Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography and Department of Environment & Sustainability, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Heather Pacheco
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer Peters
- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Daisy C Souza
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jeff Chambers
- Climate Sciences Department, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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Li T, Sun J, Fu Z. Halophytes Differ in Their Adaptation to Soil Environment in the Yellow River Delta: Effects of Water Source, Soil Depth, and Nutrient Stoichiometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675921. [PMID: 34140965 PMCID: PMC8204056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta is water, salt, and nutrient limited and hence the growth of plants depend on the surrounding factors. Understanding the water, salt, and stoichiometry of plants and soil systems from the perspective of different halophytes is useful for exploring their survival strategies. Thus, a comprehensive investigation of water, salt, and stoichiometry characteristics in different halophytes and soil systems was carried out in this area. Results showed that the oxygen isotopes (δ18O) of three halophytes were significantly different (P < 0.05). Phragmites communis primarily used rainwater and soil water, while Suaeda salsa and Limonium bicolor mainly used soil water. The contributions of rainwater to three halophytes (P. communis, S. salsa, and L. bicolor) were 50.9, 9.1, and 18.5%, respectively. The carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis showed that P. communis had the highest water use efficiency, followed by S. salsa and L. bicolor. Na+ content in the aboveground and underground parts of different halophytes was all followed an order of S. salsa > L. bicolor > P. communis. C content and N:P in leaves of P. communis and N content of leaves in L. bicolor were significantly positively correlated with Na+. Redundancy analysis (RDA) between plants and each soil layer showed that there were different correlation patterns in the three halophytes. P. communis primarily used rainwater and soil water with low salt content in 60-80 cm, while the significant correlation indexes of C:N:P stoichiometry between plant and soil were mainly in a 20-40 cm soil layer. In S. salsa, the soil layer with the highest contribution of soil water and the closest correlation with the C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves were both in 10-20 cm layers, while L. bicolor were mainly in 40-80 cm soil layers. So, the sources of soil water and nutrient of P. communis were located in different soil layers, while there were spatial consistencies of soils in water and nutrient utilization of S. salsa and L. bicolor. These results are beneficial to a comprehensive understanding of the adaptability of halophytes in the Yellow River Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jingkuan Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhanyong Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
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17
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Diez JM, Boone R, Bohner T, Godoy O. Frequency-dependent tree growth depends on climate. Ecology 2021; 102:e03284. [PMID: 33464571 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Climate and competition interact to affect species' performance, such as growth and survival, and help determine species distributions and coexistence. However, it is unclear how climatic conditions modulate frequency-dependent performance, that is, how performance changes as a species becomes locally rare or common. This is critical because declines in performance as a species becomes more common (negative frequency dependence) is a signature of niche differences among species that stabilize coexistence, whereas positive frequency dependence leads to priority effects and hampers species coexistence. Here, we used dendrochronology and hierarchical models to test whether frequency-dependent growth of sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) depends on climatic conditions. We found that growth rates were strongly dependent on annual precipitation, but no frequency dependence was evident across all years. However, there was a strong interaction between precipitation and frequency dependence, revealing stabilizing niche differences in dry years but positive frequency dependence in wet years. These differences emerged because of precipitation-driven changes in the direction and strength of both con- and heterospecific competition. Overall, these results show how stabilizing and destabilizing effects can be temporally dynamic for long-lived species and interact with climate variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Diez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92501, USA
| | - Rohan Boone
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92501, USA.,School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86001, USA
| | - Teresa Bohner
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92501, USA
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, E-11510, Spain
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18
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Shade is the most important factor limiting growth of a woody range expander. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242003. [PMID: 33264310 PMCID: PMC7710102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of woody plants into grasslands and old fields is often ascribed to fire suppression and heavy grazing, especially by domestic livestock. However, it is also recognized that nutrient availability and interspecific competition with grasses and other woody plants play a role in certain habitats. I examined potential factors causing range- and niche expansion by the eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana, the most widespread conifer in the eastern United States, in multifactorial experiments in a greenhouse. Historical records suggest that the eastern redcedar is a pioneer forest species, and may be replaced as the forest increases in tree density due to shading. Another possible factor that affects its distribution may be nutrient availability, which is higher in old fields and other disturbed lands than in undisturbed habitats. In its historic range, eastern redcedars are particularly abundant on limestone outcrops, often termed ‘cedar barrens’. However, the higher abundance on limestone could be due to reduced interspecific competition rather than a preference for high pH substrates. I manipulated shade, fertilization, lime, and interspecific competition with a common dominant tree, the post oak Quercus stellata. In a separate experiment, I manipulated fire and grass competition. I measured growth rates (height and diameter) and above- and belowground biomass at the end of both experiments. I also measured total non-structural carbohydrates and nitrogen in these plants. Shade was the most important factor limiting the growth rates and biomass of eastern redcedars. I also found that there were significant declines in nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates when shaded. These results are consistent with the notion that the eastern redcedar is a pioneer forest species, and that shade is the reason that these redcedars are replaced by other tree species. In the second experiment, I found that a single fire had a negative effect on young trees. There was no significant effect of competition with grass, perhaps because the competitive effect was shading by grasses and not nutrient depletion. Overall, the effects of shade were far more apparent than the effects of fire.
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Battipaglia G, Awada T, Der Au RA, Innangi M, Saurer M, Cherubini P. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations outweighs effects of stand density in determining growth and water use efficiency in Pinus ponderosa of the semi-arid grasslands of Nebraska (U.S.A.). Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Brunel-Saldias N, Ferrio JP, Elazab A, Orellana M, del Pozo A. Root Architecture and Functional Traits of Spring Wheat Under Contrasting Water Regimes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:581140. [PMID: 33262777 PMCID: PMC7686047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wheat roots are known to play an important role in the yield performance under water-limited (WL) conditions. Three consecutive year trials (2015, 2016, and 2017) were conducted in a glasshouse in 160 cm length tubes on a set of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under contrasting water regimes (1) to assess genotypic variability in root weight density (RWD) distribution in the soil profile, biomass partitioning, and total water used; and (2) to determine the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic signatures of plant and soil water in order to evaluate the contribution of shallow and deep soil water to plant water uptake and the evaporative enrichment of these isotopes in the leaf as a surrogate for plant transpiration. In the 2015 trial under well-watered (WW) conditions, the aerial biomass (AB) was not significantly different among 15 wheat genotypes, while the total root biomass and the RWD distribution in the soil profile were significantly different. In the 2016 and 2017 trials, a subset of five genotypes from the 2015 trial was grown under WW and WL regimes. The water deficit significantly reduced AB only in 2016. The water regimes did not significantly affect the root biomass and root biomass distribution in the soil depths for both the 2016 and 2017 trials. The study results highlighted that under a WL regime, the production of thinner roots with low biomass is more beneficial for increasing the water uptake than the production of large thick roots. The models applied to estimate the relative contribution of the plant's primary water sources (shallow or deep soil water) showed large interindividual variability in soil, and plant water isotopic composition resulted in large uncertainties in the model estimates. On the other side, the combined information of root architecture and the leaf stable isotope signatures could explain plant water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Brunel-Saldias
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Fundacion Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigacion y el Desarrollo (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Center of Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Abdelhalim Elazab
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Massiel Orellana
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Alejandro del Pozo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Hydraulic traits of co-existing conifers do not correlate with local hydroclimate condition: a case study in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A. Oecologia 2020; 197:1049-1062. [PMID: 33025266 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the inter- and intra-specific variation of hydraulic traits of three conifers of the Northern Rockies: Pinus ponderosa, Picea engelmannii, and Pseudotsuga menziesii to understand the mechanisms that allow different plant species to co-exist across a watershed. We quantified differences in plant xylem water potential (ψx), xylem tissue vulnerability to cavitation (P50, or ψ causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity), and safety margins for co-occurring trees from low and high elevations. We then investigated xylem vulnerability to cavitation with rooting depth. We found that xylem vulnerability to cavitation did not correspond to where tree species were found in the landscape. For example, P. ponderosa grew in more xeric locations, while P. engelmannii were largely confined to more mesic locations, yet P. engelmannii had more negative P50 values. P. menziesii had the lowest P50 value, but displayed little variation in vulnerability to cavitation across the hydroclimatic gradient. These patterns were also reflected in the safety margins; P. menziesii had the widest safety margin, P. engelmannii was intermediate, and P. ponderosa displayed the narrowest safety margin. All three species were also using water sources deeper than 30 cm in depth, allowing them to persist throughout the mid-summer drought. Overall, species-specific hydraulic traits did not necessarily follow a predictable response to the environment; instead, a combination of physiological and morphological traits likely allow trees to persist across a broader hydroclimatic gradient than would be otherwise expected from hydraulic trait measurements alone.
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Stand-Level Transpiration Increases after Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) Encroachment into the Midstory of Oak Forests. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L., redcedar) encroachment is transitioning the oak-dominated Cross-Timbers of the southern Great Plain of the USA into mixed-species forests. However, it remains unknown how the re-assemblage of tree species in a semiarid to sub-humid climate affects species-specific water use and competition, and ultimately the ecosystem-level water budget. We selected three sites representative of oak, redcedar, and oak and redcedar mixed stands with a similar total basal area (BA) in a Cross-Timbers forest near Stillwater, Oklahoma. Sap flow sensors were installed in a subset of trees in each stand representing the distribution of diameter at breast height (DBH). Sap flow of each selected tree was continuously monitored over a period of 20 months, encompassing two growing seasons between May 2017 and December 2018. Results showed that the mean sap flow density (Sd) of redcedar was usually higher than post oaks (Quercus stellata Wangenh.). A structural equation model showed a significant correlation between Sd and shallow soil moisture for redcedar but not for post oak. At the stand level, the annual water use of the mixed species stand was greater than the redcedar or oak stand of similar total BA. The transition of oak-dominated Cross-Timbers to redcedar and oak mixed forest will increase stand-level transpiration, potentially reducing the water available for runoff or recharge to groundwater.
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How Do Mediterranean Pine Trees Respond to Drought and Precipitation Events along an Elevation Gradient? FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major factor limiting tree growth and plant vitality. In the Mediterranean region, the length and intensity of drought stress strongly varies with altitude and site conditions. We used electronic dendrometers to analyze the response of two native pine species to drought and precipitation events. The five study sites were located along an elevation gradient on the Mediterranean island of Corsica (France). Positive stem increment in the raw dendrometer measurements was separated into radial stem growth and stem swelling/shrinkage in order to determine which part of the trees’ response to climate signals can be attributed to growth. Precipitation events of at least 5 mm and dry periods of at least seven consecutive days without precipitation were determined over a period of two years. Seasonal dynamics of stem circumference changes were highly variable among the five study sites. At higher elevations, seasonal tree growth showed patterns characteristic for cold environments, while low-elevation sites showed bimodal growth patterns characteristic of drought prone areas. The response to precipitation events was uniform and occurred within the first six hours after the beginning of a precipitation event. The majority of stem circumference increases were caused by radial growth, not by stem swelling due to water uptake. Growth-induced stem circumference increase occurred at three of the five sites even during dry periods, which could be attributed to stored water reserves within the trees or the soils. Trees at sites with soils of low water-holding capacity were most vulnerable to dry periods.
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Water Uptake Patterns of Alfalfa under Winter Irrigation in Cold and Arid Grassland. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crop reduction caused by cryogenesis and drought is a serious and global problem. The environmental stress caused by low temperature and drought during the overwintering stage of forage is the key factor leading to this low yield. In cold and arid grassland, winter irrigation can effectively alleviate the stress of alfalfa during overwintering, improve the survival rate of alfalfa, and significantly increase the yield. However, the water uptake patterns of alfalfa under winter irrigation are not clear, which are important to explore the mechanism of alleviating environmental stress by winter irrigation. In this research, the stable isotope compositions of all probable water sources and alfalfa xylem water were measured after winter irrigation. A graphical method was applied to identify the main soil layers with water uptake by the alfalfa roots. The contribution rate of available water sources to alfalfa xylem water was quantified by the MixSIAR (Bayesian isotope analysis mixing model in R) model. The results indicated that alfalfa absorbed soil water when the soil water content was high enough in the root layer when under high water volume freezing irrigation (irrigation in early winter when soil is freezing) but not under low and medium water volume freezing irrigation. Alfalfa gradually began to absorb soil water on the third day after thawing irrigation (irrigation in late winter when the soil is thawing) and showed different water uptake characteristics under low, medium, and high water volume. Thawing irrigation also accelerated the regeneration of alfalfa.
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Santini F, Climent JM, Voltas J. Phenotypic integration and life history strategies among populations of Pinus halepensis: an insight through structural equation modelling. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 124:1161-1172. [PMID: 31115443 PMCID: PMC6943711 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding inter-population variation in the allocation of resources to specific anatomical compartments and physiological processes is crucial to disentangle adaptive patterns in forest species. This work aims to evaluate phenotypic integration and trade-offs among functional traits as determinants of life history strategies in populations of a circum-Mediterranean pine that dwells in environments where water and other resources are in limited supply. METHODS Adult individuals of 51 populations of Pinus halepensis grown in a common garden were characterized for 11 phenotypic traits, including direct and indirect measures of water uptake at different depths, leaf area, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, non-structural carbohydrates, stem diameter and tree height, age at first reproduction and cone production. The population differentiation in these traits was tested through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The resulting populations' means were carried forward to a structural equation model evaluating phenotypic integration between six latent variables (summer water uptake depth, summer transpiration, spring photosynthetic capacity, growth, reserve accumulation and reproduction). KEY RESULTS Water uptake depth and transpiration covaried negatively among populations, as the likely result of a common selective pressure for drought resistance, while spring photosynthetic capacity was lower in populations originating from dry areas. Transpiration positively influenced growth, while growth was negatively related to reproduction and reserves among populations. Water uptake depth negatively influenced reproduction. CONCLUSIONS The observed patterns indicate a differentiation in life cycle features between fast-growing and slow-growing populations, with the latter investing significantly more in reproduction and reserves. We speculate that such contrasting strategies result from different arrays of life history traits underlying the very different ecological conditions that the Aleppo pine must face across its distribution range. These comprise, principally, drought as the main stressor and fire as the main ecological disturbance of the Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Santini
- Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - José M Climent
- INIA-CIFOR, Department of Ecology and Forest Genetics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Voltas
- Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Jiang P, Wang H, Meinzer FC, Kou L, Dai X, Fu X. Linking reliance on deep soil water to resource economy strategies and abundance among coexisting understorey shrub species in subtropical pine plantations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:222-233. [PMID: 31247133 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for deep soil water acquisition (WAdeep ) are critical to a species' adaptation to drought. However, it is unknown how WAdeep determines the abundance and resource economy strategies of understorey shrub species. With data from 13 understorey shrub species in subtropical coniferous plantations, we investigated associations between the magnitude of WAdeep , the seasonal plasticity of WAdeep , midday leaf water potential (Ψmd ), species abundance and resource economic traits across organs. Higher capacity for WAdeep was associated with higher intrinsic water use efficiency, but was not necessary for maintaining higher Ψmd in the dry season nor was it an ubiquitous trait possessed by the most common shrub species. Species with higher seasonal plasticity of WAdeep had lower wood density, indicating that fast species had higher plasticity in deep soil resource acquisition. However, the magnitude and plasticity of WAdeep were not related to shallow fine root economy traits, suggesting independent dimensions of soil resource acquisition between deep and shallow soil. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms through which the magnitude and plasticity of WAdeep interact with shallow soil and aboveground resource acquisition traits to integrate the whole-plant economic spectrum and, thus, community assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Jiang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ji'an, 343000, China
| | - Frederick C Meinzer
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Liang Kou
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ji'an, 343000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ji'an, 343000, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ji'an, 343000, China
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Functional Phenology of a Texas Post Oak Savanna from a CHRIS PROBA Time Series. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11202388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Remnant midwestern oak savannas in the USA have been altered by fire suppression and the encroachment of woody evergreen trees and shrubs. The Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area (GEWMA) near Palestine, Texas represents a relatively intact southern example of thickening and evergreen encroachment in oak savannas. In this study, 18 images from the CHRIS/PROBA (Compact High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer/Project for On-Board Autonomy) sensor were acquired between June 2009 and October 2010 and used to explore variation in canopy dynamics among deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, and savanna grassland in seasonal leaf-on and leaf-off conditions. Nadir CHRIS images from the 11 useable dates were processed to surface reflectance and a selection of vegetation indices (VIs) sensitive to pigments, photosynthetic efficiency, and canopy water content were calculated. An analysis of temporal VI phenology was undertaken using a fishnet polygon at 90 m resolution incorporating tree densities from a classified aerial photo and soil type polygons. The results showed that the major differences in spectral phenology were associated with deciduous tree density, the density of evergreen trees and shrubs—especially during deciduous leaf-off periods—broad vegetation types, and soil type interactions with elevation. The VIs were sensitive to high densities of evergreens during the leaf-off period and indicative of a photosynthetic advantage over deciduous trees. The largest differences in VI profiles were associated with high and low tree density, and soil types with the lowest and highest available soil water. The study showed how time series of hyperspectral data could be used to monitor the relative abundance and vigor of desirable and less desirable species in conservation lands.
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Vargas R, Kenney AM, Bilinski T. Variable Influences of Water Availability and Rhizobacteria on the Growth of Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem) at Different Ages. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:860. [PMID: 31156563 PMCID: PMC6529566 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant interest in understanding the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in alleviating different types of plant stress. Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) is a moderately drought tolerant, perennial bunchgrass native to North America. The goal of this experiment was to evaluate whether the addition of a bacterial root isolate in the Pseudomonas genus promoted the growth of S. scoparium with changes in water availability. Pseudomonas are common rhizobacteria and have been shown to improve plant growth. It was hypothesized that plants inoculated with the PGPR strain would have greater growth and health, and would be less affected by shifts in water availability. Pseudomonas strains were isolated from the roots of native S. scoparium plants. After germination, S. scoparium seedlings were subjected to four treatment groups: low water; high water; low water with PGPR; and high water with PGPR. The experiment was run three times with plants at different starting ages; 14-, 28-, and 70-day-old plants. The effects of the water and PGPR treatments were variable between the experimental trials. There were no significant effects of the water treatments on plant growth in Trial 1 (14-day-old plants) or Trial 2 (28-day-old plants), however, there was a significant negative effect of the high watering treatment on the shoot length and biomass in Trial 3. High water availability was significantly associated with greater plant health in Trial 1, but appeared to reduce plant health in Trials 2 and 3. The PGPR treatment appeared to promote root growth and biomass in Trial 2, and was associated with greater plant health in all three trials, especially when paired with the low water treatment. Results from a permutational MANOVA indicate that plant growth was significantly different between the trials due to differences in the starting age of the plants and the duration of the experiments. Thus, methodological choices, such as plant life history stage and experiment duration, may affect the response of plants to PGPR in the rhizosphere. This research provides an insight into the interactions between PGPR and water availability on the growth and health of native plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Edward’s University, Austin, TX, United States
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amanda M. Kenney
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Edward’s University, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Teresa Bilinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Edward’s University, Austin, TX, United States
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Effect of Drought and Topographic Position on Depth of Soil Water Extraction of Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. Trees in a Semiarid Sandy Region, Northeast China. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Drought and topographic position are the most important factors influencing tree growth and survival in semiarid sandy regions of Northeast China. However, little is known about how trees respond to drought in combination with topographic position by modifying the depth of soil water extraction. Therefore, we identified water sources for 33-year-old Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.) trees growing at the top and bottom of sand dunes by comparing stable isotopes δ2H and δ18O in twig xylem water, soil water at various depths and groundwater during dry and wet periods. Needle carbon isotope composition (δ13C) was simultaneously measured to assess water use efficiency. Results showed that when soil moisture was low during the dry period, trees at the top used 40–300 cm soil water while trees at the bottom utilized both 40–300 cm soil water and possibly groundwater. Nevertheless, when soil moisture at 0–100 cm depth was higher during the wet period, it was the dominant water sources for trees at both the top and bottom. Moreover, needle δ13C in the dry period were significantly higher than those in the wet period. These findings suggested that trees at both the top and bottom adjust water uptake towards deeper water sources and improve their water use efficiency under drought condition. Additionally, during the dry period, trees at the top used shallower water sources compared with trees at the bottom, in combination with significantly higher needle δ13C, indicating that trees at the bottom applied a relatively more prodigal use of water by taking up deeper water (possibly groundwater) during drought conditions. Therefore, Mongolian pine trees at the top were more susceptible to suffer dieback under extreme dry years because of shallower soil water uptake and increased water restrictions. Nevertheless, a sharp decline in the groundwater level under extreme dry years had a strong negative impact on the growth and survival of Mongolian pine trees at the bottom due to their utilization of deeper water sources (possibly groundwater).
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Vieira EA, Andrade Galvão FC, Barros AL. Influence of water limitation on the competitive interaction between two Cerrado species and the invasive grass Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:206-214. [PMID: 30576979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Invasive grasses inhibit the growth of other plant species, and water deficit is one of the major competition problems for native vegetation. We evaluated whether the presence of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã has a negative influence on the competition for water and nutrients between Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Anadenanthera colubrina (Angico species). The interspecific competition was evaluated using a randomized experimental design with the following treatments: 1) free competition (FC), in which the native species were cultivated without the grass presence and 2) under competition (UC), in which the native species grew together with the invasive grass for 120 days. We analysed the water relationships in the two species, the effect of water limitation on the antioxidant stress, the nutritional content of shoots and roots, the relative competition intensity (RCI) and growth. The presence of Piatã grass reduced the soil moisture causing a decrease of 21.9% and 29.5% in the relative water content (RWC) of leaves for A. macrocarpa and A. colubrina, respectively. For the two Angico species, the quantum efficiency of Photosystem II (ΦPSII) decreased with reduction of RWC leaf, resulting in the H2O2 increase (57.5% at day 30 for A. colubrina and 38.8% at day 120 for A. macrocarpa). The oxidative stress was evidenced by the increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in leaves and roots of both young native trees. In the UC treatment, reductions in water uptake also led to a decrease in root absorption of N, P, K, a Mg and low transport of these nutrients to the leaves of both Angico species. A. macrocarpa and A. colubrina showed less growth caused by limitation of water uptake, but the joint activity of the physiological and biochemical adjustments provided competitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Alves Vieira
- Laboratory of Biology, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Coxim, MS, Brazil; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Plant Biodiversity and Environment, Institute of Botany, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Barros
- Institute of Biosciences (INBIO), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Grossiord C, Sevanto S, Bonal D, Borrego I, Dawson TE, Ryan M, Wang W, McDowell NG. Prolonged warming and drought modify belowground interactions for water among coexisting plants. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:55-63. [PMID: 30215810 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how climate alters plant-soil water dynamics, and its impact on physiological functions, is critical to improved predictions of vegetation responses to climate change. Here we analyzed how belowground interactions for water shift under warming and drought, and associated impacts on plant functions. In a semi-arid woodland, adult trees (piñon and juniper) and perennial grasses (blue grama) were exposed to warming and precipitation reduction. After 6 years of continuous treatment exposure, soil and plant water isotopic composition was measured to assess plant water uptake depths and community-level water source partitioning. Warming and drought modified plant water uptake depths. Under warming, contrasting changes in water sources between grasses and trees reduced belowground water source partitioning, resulting in higher interspecific competition for water. Under drought, shifts in trees and grass water sources to deeper soil layers resulted in the maintenance of the naturally occurring water source partitioning among species. Trees showed higher water stress, and reduced water use and photosynthesis in response to warming and drought. This case study demonstrates that neighboring plants shift their competitive interactions for water under prolonged warming and drought, but regardless of whether changes in moisture sources will result in increased competition among species or maintained partitioning of water resources, these competitive adaptations may easily be overridden by climate extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grossiord
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Damien Bonal
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Isaac Borrego
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Max Ryan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Impact of Eastern Redcedar Proliferation on Water Resources in the Great Plains USA—Current State of Knowledge. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the Great Plains of the central United States, water resources for human and aquatic life rely primarily on surface runoff and local recharge from rangelands that are under rapid transformation to woodland by the encroachment of Eastern redcedar (redcedar; Juniperus virginiana) trees. In this synthesis, the current understanding and impact of redcedar encroachment on the water budget and water resources available for non-ecosystem use are reviewed. Existing studies concluded that the conversion from herbaceous-dominated rangeland to redcedar woodland increases precipitation loss to canopy interception and vegetation transpiration. The decrease of soil moisture, particularly for the subsurface soil layer, is widely documented. The depletion of soil moisture is directly related to the observed decrease in surface runoff, and the potential of deep recharge for redcedar encroached watersheds. Model simulations suggest that complete conversion of the rangelands to redcedar woodland at the watershed and basin scale in the South-central Great Plains would lead to reduced streamflow throughout the year, with the reductions of streamflow between 20 to 40% depending on the aridity of the climate of the watershed. Recommended topics for future studies include: (i) The spatial dynamics of redcedar proliferation and its impact on water budget across a regional hydrologic network; (ii) the temporal dynamics of precipitation interception by the herbaceous canopy; (iii) the impact of redcedar infilling into deciduous forests such as the Cross Timbers and its impact on water budget and water availability for non-ecosystem use; (iv) land surface and climate interaction and cross-scale hydrological modeling and forecasting; (v) impact of redcedar encroachment on sediment production and water quality; and (vi) assessment and efficacy of different redcedar control measures in restoring hydrological functions of watershed.
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Estimating the Root Water Uptake of Surface-Irrigated Apples Using Water Stable Isotopes and the Hydrus-1D Model. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The future production of irrigated fruit orchards in the Loess Plateau of China is threatened by a shortage of freshwater. To improve water use efficiency under conditions where irrigation is limited, it is necessary to quantify the root water uptake (RWU) of apple trees. The RWU of apple trees was estimated under surface irrigation using water stable isotope technology and the Hydrus-1D model. Using the Romero-Saltos and IsoSource models, the stable isotopes of water in stems, different soil depths, and different precipitation were analyzed in a 5-year-old dwarfing apple orchard during two seasons 2016 and 2017. Hydrus-1D model was able to simulate the RWU of apple using the maximum coefficient of determination (0.9), providing a root mean square error of 0.019 cm3 cm−3 and a relative error of 2.25%. The results showed that the main depth of RWU ranged from 0–60 cm during the growth season, with the main contribution occurring in the 0–40 cm depth. These findings indicated that reducing the traditional surface irrigation depth will be important for improving the irrigation water use efficiency.
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Abstract
Woody plant encroachment has profound impacts on the sustainable management of water resources in water-limited ecosystems. However, our understanding of the effects of this global phenomenon on groundwater recharge at local and regional scales is limited. Here, we reviewed studies related to (i) recharge estimation methods; (ii) mechanisms by which woody plants impact groundwater recharge; (iii) impacts of woody plant on recharge across different soil and geology; (iv) hydrological repercussions of woody plant removal; and (v) research gaps and needs for groundwater studies. We identified six different methods: water balance, water table, isotopes, chloride mass balance, electrical geophysical imaging, and modeling were used to study the impact of woody encroachment on groundwater. Woody plant encroachment could alter soil infiltration rates, soil water storage, transpiration, interception, and subsurface pathways to affect groundwater recharge. The impact is highly variable, with the extent and the magnitude varying across the soil, substrate, plant cover, and topographic locations. Our review revealed mixed effects of woody plant removal on groundwater recharge. Studies of litter interception, root water uptake, soil moisture dynamics, and deep percolation along with the progression of woody plant encroachment are still limited, warranting further experimental studies focusing on groundwater recharge. Overall, information about woody plant encroachment impacts on groundwater resources across a range of scales is essential for long-range planning of water resources.
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Tiemuerbieke B, Min XJ, Zang YX, Xing P, Ma JY, Sun W. Water use patterns of co-occurring C 3 and C 4 shrubs in the Gurbantonggut desert in northwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:341-354. [PMID: 29627558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In water-limited ecosystems, spatial and temporal partitioning of water sources is an important mechanism that facilitates plant survival and lessens the competition intensity of co-existing plants. Insights into species-specific root functional plasticity and differences in the water sources of co-existing plants under changing water conditions can aid in accurate prediction of the response of desert ecosystems to future climate change. We used stable isotopes of soil water, groundwater and xylem water to determine the seasonal and inter- and intraspecific differences variations in the water sources of six C3 and C4 shrubs in the Gurbantonggut desert. We also measured the stem water potentials to determine the water stress levels of each species under varying water conditions. The studied shrubs exhibited similar seasonal water uptake patterns, i.e., all shrubs extracted shallow soil water recharged by snowmelt water during early spring and reverted to deeper water sources during dry summer periods, indicating that all of the studied shrubs have dimorphic root systems that enable them to obtain water sources that differ in space and time. Species in the C4 shrub community exhibited differences in seasonal water absorption and water status due to differences in topography and rooting depth, demonstrating divergent adaptations to water availability and water stress. Haloxylon ammodendron and T. ramosissima in the C3/C4 mixed community were similar in terms of seasonal water extraction but differed with respect to water potential, which indicated that plant water status is controlled by both root functioning and shoot eco-physiological traits. The two Tamarix species in the C3 shrub community were similar in terms of water uptake and water status, which suggests functional convergence of the root system and physiological performance under same soil water conditions. In different communities, Haloxylon ammodendron differed in terms of summer water extraction, which suggests that this species exhibits plasticity with respect to rooting depth under different soil water conditions. Shrubs in the Gurbantonggut desert displayed varying adaptations across species and communities through divergent root functioning and shoot eco-physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahejiayinaer Tiemuerbieke
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Min
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yong-Xin Zang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Peng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Jian-Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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Brinkmann N, Seeger S, Weiler M, Buchmann N, Eugster W, Kahmen A. Employing stable isotopes to determine the residence times of soil water and the temporal origin of water taken up by Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in a temperate forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1300-1313. [PMID: 29888480 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We assessed how the seasonal variability of precipitation δ2 H and δ18 O is propagated into soil and xylem waters of temperate trees, applied a hydrological model to estimate the residence time distribution of precipitation in the soil, and identified the temporal origin of water taken up by Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica over 4 yr. Residence times of precipitation in the soil varied between a few days and several months and increased with soil depth. On average, 50% of water consumed by trees throughout a year had precipitated during the growing season, while 40% had precipitated in the preceding winter or even earlier. Importantly, we detected subtle differences with respect to the temporal origin of water used by the two species. We conclude that both current precipitation and winter precipitation are important for the water supply of temperate trees and that winter precipitation could buffer negative impacts of spring or summer droughts. Our study additionally provides the means to obtain realistic estimates of source water δ2 H and δ18 O values for trees from precipitation isotope data, which is essential for improving model-based interpretations of δ18 O and δ2 H values in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Brinkmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Seeger
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Fahnenbergplatz 1, Freiburg, 79098, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Fahnenbergplatz 1, Freiburg, 79098, Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Werner Eugster
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
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Parmenter RR, Zlotin RI, Moore DI, Myers OB. Environmental and endogenous drivers of tree mast production and synchrony in piñon–juniper–oak woodlands of New Mexico. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. Parmenter
- Valles Caldera National Preserve National Park Service Jemez Springs New Mexico 87025 USA
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - Roman I. Zlotin
- Department of Geography Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Douglas I. Moore
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - Orrin B. Myers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
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Water sources of plant uptake along a salt marsh flooding gradient. Oecologia 2018; 188:607-622. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Au RAD. Tree Rings of Pinus ponderosa and Juniperus virginiana Show Different Responses to Stand Density and Water Availability in the Nebraska Grasslands. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-180.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Aus Der Au
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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40
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Wu H, Li J, Li XY, He B, Liu J, Jiang Z, Zhang C. Contrasting response of coexisting plant's water-use patterns to experimental precipitation manipulation in an alpine grassland community of Qinghai Lake watershed, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194242. [PMID: 29677195 PMCID: PMC5909899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding species-specific changes in water-use patterns under recent climate scenarios is necessary to predict accurately the responses of seasonally dry ecosystems to future climate. In this study, we conducted a precipitation manipulation experiment to investigate the changes in water-use patterns of two coexisting species (Achnatherum splendens and Allium tanguticum) to alterations in soil water content (SWC) resulting from increased and decreased rainfall treatments. The results showed that the leaf water potential (Ψ) of A. splendens and A. tanguticum responded to changes in shallow and middle SWC at both the control and treatment plots. However, A. splendens proportionally extracted water from the shallow soil layer (0–10cm) when it was available but shifted to absorbing deep soil water (30–60 cm) during drought. By contrast, the A. tanguticum did not differ significantly in uptake depth between treatment and control plots but entirely depended on water from shallow soil layers. The flexible water-use patterns of A.splendens may be a key factor facilitating its dominance and it better acclimates the recent climate change in the alpine grassland community around Qinghai Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Gansu Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Gansu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jing Li
- Tourism School, Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinzhao Liu
- State key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhiyun Jiang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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41
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Tomiolo S, Ward D. Soil properties and climate mediate the effects of biotic interactions on the performance of a woody range expander. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tomiolo
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Cunningham Hall Kent Ohio 44242 USA
| | - David Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Cunningham Hall Kent Ohio 44242 USA
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42
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Wang J, Fu B, Lu N, Zhang L. Seasonal variation in water uptake patterns of three plant species based on stable isotopes in the semi-arid Loess Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:27-37. [PMID: 28734247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water is a limiting factor and significant driving force for ecosystem processes in arid and semi-arid areas. Knowledge of plant water uptake pattern is indispensable for understanding soil-plant interactions and species coexistence. The 'Grain for Green' project that started in 1999 in the Loess Plateau of China has led to large scale vegetation change. However, little is known about the water uptake patterns of the main plant species that inhabit in this region. In this study, the seasonal variations in water uptake patterns of three representative plant species, Stipa bungeana, Artemisia gmelinii and Vitex negundo, that are widely distributed in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau, were identified by using dual stable isotopes of δ2H and δ18O in plant and soil water coupled with a Bayesian mixing model MixSIAR. The soil water at the 0-120cm depth contributed 79.54±6.05% and 79.94±8.81% of the total water uptake of S. bungeana and A. gmelinii, respectively, in the growing season. The 0-40cm soil contributed the most water in July (74.20±15.20%), and the largest proportion of water (33.10±15.20%) was derived from 120-300cm soils in August for A. gmelinii. However, V. negundo obtained water predominantly from surface soil horizons (0-40cm) and then switched to deep soil layers (120-300cm) as the season progressed. This suggested that V. negundo has a greater degree of ecological plasticity as it could explore water sources from deeper soils as the water stress increased. This capacity can mainly be attributed to its functionally dimorphic root system. V. negundo may have a competitive advantage when encountering short-term drought. The ecological plasticity of plant water use needs to be considered in plant species selection and ecological management and restoration of the arid and semi-arid ecosystems in the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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43
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Lion M, Kosugi Y, Takanashi S, Noguchi S, Itoh M, Katsuyama M, Matsuo N, Shamsuddin S. Evapotranspiration and water source of a tropical rainforest in peninsular Malaysia. HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 2017; 31:4338-4353. [PMID: 32336875 PMCID: PMC7165644 DOI: 10.1002/hyp.11360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate water use and the supporting water source of a tropical rainforest, a 4-year assessment of evapotranspiration (ET) was conducted in Pasoh Forest Reserve, a lowland dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia. The eddy covariance method and isotope signals of rain, plant, soil, and stream waters were used to determine forest water sources under different moisture conditions. Four sampling events were conducted to collect soil and plant twig samples in wet, moderate, dry, and very dry conditions for the identification of isotopic signals. Annual ET from 2012 to 2015 was quite stable with an average of 1,182 ± 26 mm, and a substantial daily ET was observed even during drought periods, although some decline was observed, corresponding with volumetric soil water content. During the wet period, water for ET was supplied from the surface soil layer between 0 and 0.5 m, whereas in the dry period, approximately 50% to 90% was supplied from the deeper soil layer below 0.5-m depth, originating from water precipitated several months previously at this forest. Isotope signatures demonstrated that the water sources of the plants, soil, and stream were all different. Water in plants was often different from soil water, probably because plant water came from a different source than water that was strongly bound to the soil particles. Plants showed no preference for soil depth with their size, whereas the existence of storage water in the xylem was suggested. The evapotranspiration at this forest is balanced and maintained using most of the available water sources except for a proportion of rapid response run-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marryanna Lion
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia52109KepongSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Yoshiko Kosugi
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8502Japan
| | - Satoru Takanashi
- Kansai Research CenterForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteKyoto612‐0855Japan
| | - Shoji Noguchi
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)TsukubaIbaraki305‐8687Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Center for Southeast Asian StudiesKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8501Japan
| | - Masanori Katsuyama
- Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research (C‐PIER)Kyoto UniversityHigashi Ichijokan, 1 Yoshida Nakaadachi, SakyoKyoto606‐8306Japan
| | - Naoko Matsuo
- Graduate School of BioresourcesMie UniversityTsuMie514‐8507Japan
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44
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New perspective on spring vegetation phenology and global climate change based on Tibetan Plateau tree-ring data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017. [PMID: 28630302 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616608114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenological responses of vegetation to climate, in particular to the ongoing warming trend, have received much attention. However, divergent results from the analyses of remote sensing data have been obtained for the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the world's largest high-elevation region. This study provides a perspective on vegetation phenology shifts during 1960-2014, gained using an innovative approach based on a well-validated, process-based, tree-ring growth model that is independent of temporal changes in technical properties and image quality of remote sensing products. Twenty composite site chronologies were analyzed, comprising about 3,000 trees from forested areas across the TP. We found that the start of the growing season (SOS) has advanced, on average, by 0.28 d/y over the period 1960-2014. The end of the growing season (EOS) has been delayed, by an estimated 0.33 d/y during 1982-2014. No significant changes in SOS or EOS were observed during 1960-1981. April-June and August-September minimum temperatures are the main climatic drivers for SOS and EOS, respectively. An increase of 1 °C in April-June minimum temperature shifted the dates of xylem phenology by 6 to 7 d, lengthening the period of tree-ring formation. This study extends the chronology of TP phenology farther back in time and reconciles the disparate views on SOS derived from remote sensing data. Scaling up this analysis may improve understanding of climate change effects and related phenological and plant productivity on a global scale.
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45
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Modelling and analyzing the water and carbon dynamics of Mediterranean macchia by the use of ground and remote sensing data. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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The Influence of Monsoon Climate on Latewood Growth of Southwestern Ponderosa Pine. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8050140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Evaristo J, McDonnell JJ. Prevalence and magnitude of groundwater use by vegetation: a global stable isotope meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44110. [PMID: 28281644 PMCID: PMC5345103 DOI: 10.1038/srep44110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of groundwater as a resource in sustaining terrestrial vegetation is widely recognized. But the global prevalence and magnitude of groundwater use by vegetation is unknown. Here we perform a meta-analysis of plant xylem water stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O, n = 7367) information from 138 published papers - representing 251 genera, and 414 species of angiosperms (n = 376) and gymnosperms (n = 38). We show that the prevalence of groundwater use by vegetation (defined as the number of samples out of a universe of plant samples reported to have groundwater contribution to xylem water) is 37% (95% confidence interval, 28-46%). This is across 162 sites and 12 terrestrial biomes (89% of heterogeneity explained; Q-value = 1235; P < 0.0001). However, the magnitude of groundwater source contribution to the xylem water mixture (defined as the proportion of groundwater contribution in xylem water) is limited to 23% (95% CI, 20-26%; 95% prediction interval, 3-77%). Spatial analysis shows that the magnitude of groundwater source contribution increases with aridity. Our results suggest that while groundwater influence is globally prevalent, its proportional contribution to the total terrestrial transpiration is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaivime Evaristo
- Global Institute for Water Security and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. McDonnell
- Global Institute for Water Security and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330 USA
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48
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Cui YQ, Ma JY, Feng Q, Sun JH, Sun W. Water sources and water-use efficiency of desert plants in different habitats in Dunhuang, NW China. Ecol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-017-1433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Grossiord C, Sevanto S, Dawson TE, Adams HD, Collins AD, Dickman LT, Newman BD, Stockton EA, McDowell NG. Warming combined with more extreme precipitation regimes modifies the water sources used by trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:584-596. [PMID: 27612306 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of vegetation under climate change will depend on a plant's capacity to exploit water resources. We analyzed water source dynamics in piñon pine and juniper trees subjected to precipitation reduction, atmospheric warming, and to both simultaneously. Piñon and juniper exhibited different and opposite shifts in water uptake depth in response to experimental stress and background climate over 3 yr. During a dry summer, juniper responded to warming with a shift to shallow water sources, whereas piñon pine responded to precipitation reduction with a shift to deeper sources in autumn. In normal and wet summers, both species responded to precipitation reduction, but juniper increased deep water uptake and piñon increased shallow water uptake. Shifts in the utilization of water sources were associated with reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthesis, suggesting that belowground compensation in response to warming and water reduction did not alleviate stress impacts for gas exchange. We have demonstrated that predicted climate change could modify water sources of trees. Warming impairs juniper uptake of deep sources during extended dry periods. Precipitation reduction alters the uptake of shallow sources following extended droughts for piñon. Shifts in water sources may not compensate for climate change impacts on tree physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grossiord
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Henry D Adams
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078-3013, USA
| | - Adam D Collins
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Lee T Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Brent D Newman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stockton
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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50
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Gaines KP, Stanley JW, Meinzer FC, McCulloh KA, Woodruff DR, Chen W, Adams TS, Lin H, Eissenstat DM. Reliance on shallow soil water in a mixed-hardwood forest in central Pennsylvania. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:444-58. [PMID: 26546366 PMCID: PMC4835221 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated depth of water uptake of trees on shale-derived soils in order to assess the importance of roots over a meter deep as a driver of water use in a central Pennsylvania catchment. This information is not only needed to improve basic understanding of water use in these forests but also to improve descriptions of root function at depth in hydrologic process models. The study took place at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in central Pennsylvania. We asked two main questions: (i) Do trees in a mixed-hardwood, humid temperate forest in a central Pennsylvania catchment rely on deep roots for water during dry portions of the growing season? (ii) What is the role of tree genus, size, soil depth and hillslope position on the depth of water extraction by trees? Based on multiple lines of evidence, including stable isotope natural abundance, sap flux and soil moisture depletion patterns with depth, the majority of water uptake during the dry part of the growing season occurred, on average, at less than ∼60 cm soil depth throughout the catchment. While there were some trends in depth of water uptake related to genus, tree size and soil depth, water uptake was more uniformly shallow than we expected. Our results suggest that these types of forests may rely considerably on water sources that are quite shallow, even in the drier parts of the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie P Gaines
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jane W Stanley
- Department of Horticulture, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Frederick C Meinzer
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97208, USA
| | | | - David R Woodruff
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97208, USA
| | - Weile Chen
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Thomas S Adams
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Henry Lin
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - David M Eissenstat
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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