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Xie H, Guo L, Ma Q, Zhang W, Yang Z, Wang Z, Peng S, Wang K, Wen S, Shang Z, Niu Y. YAP is required for prostate development, regeneration, and prostate stem cell function. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:339. [PMID: 37689711 PMCID: PMC10492789 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate development and regeneration depend on prostate stem cell function, the delicate balance of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. However, mechanisms modulating prostate stem cell function remain poorly identified. Here, we explored the roles of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) in prostate stem cells, prostate development and regeneration. Using YAPfl/fl, CD133-CreER mice, we found that stem cell-specific YAP-deficient mice had compromised branching morphogenesis and epithelial differentiation, resulting in damaged prostate development. YAP inhibition also significantly affected the regeneration process of mice prostate, leading to impaired regenerated prostate. Furthermore, YAP ablation in prostate stem cells significantly reduced its self-renewal activity in vitro, and attenuated prostate regeneration of prostate grafts in vivo. Further analysis revealed a decrease in Notch and Hedgehog pathways expression in YAP inhibition cells, and treatment with exogenous Shh partially restored the self-renewal ability of prostate sphere cells. Taken together, our results revealed the roles of YAP in prostate stem cell function and prostate development and regeneration through regulation of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Linpei Guo
- Gene and Immunotherapy Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qianwang Ma
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The second hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuanghe Peng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Keruo Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Simeng Wen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The second hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Li H, Madnick S, Zhao H, Hall S, Amin A, Dent MP, Boekelheide K. A novel co-culture model of human prostate epithelial and stromal cells for androgenic and antiandrogenic screening. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 91:105624. [PMID: 37230229 PMCID: PMC10527365 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) greatly relies on in vitro screening. A 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro prostate model that can reflect physiologically-relevant prostate epithelial and stromal crosstalk can significantly advance the current androgen assessment. This study built a prostate epithelial and stromal co-culture microtissue model with BHPrE and BHPrS cells in scaffold-free hydrogels. The optimal 3D co-culture condition was defined, and responses of the microtissue to androgen (dihydrotestosterone, DHT) and anti-androgen (flutamide) exposure were characterized using molecular and image profiling techniques. The co-culture prostate microtissue maintained a stable structure for up to seven days and presented molecular and morphological features of the early developmental stage of the human prostate. The cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) immunohistochemical staining indicated epithelial heterogeneity and differentiation in these microtissues. The prostate-related gene expression profiling did not efficiently differentiate androgen and anti-androgen exposure. However, a cluster of distinctive 3D image features was identified and could be applied in the androgenic and anti-androgenic effect prediction. Overall, the current study established a co-culture prostate model that provided an alternative strategy for (anti-)androgenic EDC safety assessment and highlighted the potential and advantage of utilizing image features to predict endpoints in chemical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Samantha Madnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - He Zhao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susan Hall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ali Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew P Dent
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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3
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Spiegelhoff A, Wang K, Ridlon M, Lavery T, Kennedy CL, George S, Stietz KPK. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Impact Prostatic Collagen Density and Bladder Volume in Young Adult Mice Exposed during in Utero and Lactational Development. TOXICS 2023; 11:609. [PMID: 37505574 PMCID: PMC10384510 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants linked to deleterious health outcomes, including voiding dysfunction in developmentally exposed mice. Changes in prostate volume and/or extracellular matrix composition are associated with voiding dysfunction in men and animal models. Whether PCB-induced changes in voiding function in male mice occur in part via alterations to the prostate or an alternate mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we tested whether developmental exposure to the MARBLES PCB mixture altered prostate morphology in young adult offspring. C57Bl/6J female mice were dosed daily with the MARBLES PCB mixture at 0, 0.1, 1 or 6 mg/kg/d for two weeks prior to mating and through gestation and lactation, offspring were collected at 6 weeks of age. Ventral prostate mass was decreased in the 1 mg/kg/d PCB group compared to other PCB groups. There were no PCB-induced changes in prostate smooth muscle thickness, apoptosis, proliferation, or testes mass. PCBs impacted the prostate extracellular matrix; anterior prostate collagen density was decreased in the 1 mg/kg/d PCB group compared to all other groups. Normalized bladder volume was increased in male and female offspring in the 6 mg/kg/d PCB group compared to control. No change in water consumption, bladder mass or bladder smooth muscle thickness accompanied changes in bladder volume. Urine and serum creatinine concentrations were elevated but only in male mice. Together, these results suggest that developmental exposure to PCBs can influence prostate wet weight and prostate/bladder morphology, but PCBs do not promote prostate enlargement. Whether these changes persist throughout adult life and how they contribute to voiding function in animal models and humans is of future interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Spiegelhoff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kathy Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Monica Ridlon
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas Lavery
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Conner L Kennedy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Serena George
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kimberly P Keil Stietz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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4
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Fox JJ, Hashimoto T, Navarro HI, Garcia AJ, Shou BL, Goldstein AS. Highly multiplexed immune profiling throughout adulthood reveals kinetics of lymphocyte infiltration in the aging mouse prostate. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3356-3380. [PMID: 37179121 PMCID: PMC10449296 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a significant risk factor for disease in several tissues, including the prostate. Defining the kinetics of age-related changes in these tissues is critical for identifying regulators of aging and evaluating interventions to slow the aging process and reduce disease risk. An altered immune microenvironment is characteristic of prostatic aging in mice, but whether features of aging in the prostate emerge predominantly in old age or earlier in adulthood has not previously been established. Using highly multiplexed immune profiling and time-course analysis, we tracked the abundance of 29 immune cell clusters in the aging mouse prostate. Early in adulthood, myeloid cells comprise the vast majority of immune cells in the 3-month-old mouse prostate. Between 6 and 12 months of age, there is a profound shift towards a T and B lymphocyte-dominant mouse prostate immune microenvironment. Comparing the prostate to other urogenital tissues, we found similar features of age-related inflammation in the mouse bladder but not the kidney. In summary, our study offers new insight into the kinetics of prostatic inflammaging and the window when interventions to slow down age-related changes may be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Fox
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Current Address: Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Current Address: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Takao Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Héctor I. Navarro
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alejandro J. Garcia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Shou
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Current Address: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew S. Goldstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Ishiguro Y, Sasaki M, Yamaguchi E, Matsumoto K, Fukumoto S, Furuoka H, Imai K, Kitamura N. Seasonal changes of the prostate gland in the raccoon (Procyon lotor) inhabiting Hokkaido, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:214-225. [PMID: 36596557 PMCID: PMC10017286 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the prostate gland of the raccoon (Procyon lotor), the morphological appearance of the epithelial cells, such as basal and luminal cells, and the expressions of p63, androgen receptor (AR), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were examined histologically and immunohistochemically to clarify their seasonal dynamics throughout the year. In this study, the regression with luminal cell defluxion and the regeneration process of the prostatic glandular epithelium was revealed in the seasons with declined spermatogenesis (June to August). The expression of p63 was observed only in the basal cells. AR immunoreactivity in the luminal cells was shown in the developed and regenerating (close to developed) prostates, whereas the basal cells exhibited AR immunoreactivity all year round. PCNA expression was rare in epithelial cells of the developed prostate gland. In the regressed gland, the basal cells demonstrated proliferative ability, whereas PCNA of the luminal cells appeared for the first time in the regenerating phase. This study is the first to clarify the regression with luminal cell defluxion and restoration and the seasonal dynamics of AR expression and proliferative activity in the prostate gland of seasonal breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishiguro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Emi Yamaguchi
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Furuoka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kitamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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6
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Cunha GR, Cao M, Derpinghaus A, Baskin LS. Androgenic induction of penile features in postnatal female mouse external genitalia from birth to adulthood: Is the female sexual phenotype ever irreversibly determined? Differentiation 2023; 131:1-26. [PMID: 36924743 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Female mice were treated for 35 days from birth to 60 days postnatal (P0, [birth], P5, P10, P20 and adult [∼P60]) with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Such treatment elicited profound masculinization the female external genitalia and development of penile features (penile spines, male urogenital mating protuberance (MUMP) cartilage, corpus cavernosum glandis, corporal body, MUMP-corpora cavernosa, a large preputial space, internal preputial space, os penis). Time course studies demonstrated that DHT elicited canalization of the U-shaped clitoral lamina to create a U-shaped preputial space, preputial lining epithelium and penile epithelium adorned with spines. The effect of DHT was likely due to signaling through androgen receptors normally present postnatally in the clitoral lamina and associated mesenchyme. This study highlights a remarkable male/female difference in specification and determination of urogenital organ identity. Urogenital organ identity in male mice is irreversibly specified and determined prenatally (prostate, penis, and seminal vesicle), whereas many aspects of the female urogenital organogenesis are not irreversibly determined at birth and in the case of external genitalia are not irreversibly determined even into adulthood, the exception being positioning of the female urethra, which is determined prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Mei Cao
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Amber Derpinghaus
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Laurence S Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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7
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Pytlowanciv EZ, Ribeiro DL, Tamarindo GH, Taboga SR, Góes RM. High-fat diet during sexual maturation induces hyperplastic differentiation of rat prostate and higher expression of AR45 isoform and ERα. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100674. [PMID: 35901618 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the consequences of high-fat diet (HFD) on prostate histophysiology in two periods along sexual maturation of rats and the impact on the gland in adulthood. After weaning, male Wistar rats were fed a balanced diet (4 % fat-C3, C6, C9) or a HFD (20 % fat- HF3, HF6, HF9) for 3, 6 or 9 weeks. Fat deposit weights, blood glucose and levels of serum testosterone and estrogen were measured. Prostate was evaluated for histology, proliferative and apoptotic cell index, and for the expression of androgen (AR), estrogen receptors type α (ERα) and aromatase. HFD did not affect estrogen levels and elevated serum testosterone only in HF9. HFD reduced prostate weight in HF6 and increased it in adulthood (HF9) but relative prostate weight was unchanged among groups. Cell proliferation, height and density were higher in epithelium of all HFD-groups, compared to controls, featuring the epithelial hyperplasia. Epithelial apoptosis was lower in HF9. HF3 and HF9 exhibited higher expressions of ERα, indicating that HFD triggers a new activation of ERα expression in the acinar epithelium. The content of prostatic aromatase was also elevated in HF9. Increased numbers of AR-positive cells were observed in all HFD groups, and western blotting analysis showed an increase in the truncated form of 45 kDa (AR45) and a reduction in the expression of 110 kDa-AR for HF3 and HF9. In conclusion, excessive dietary fats during sexual maturation of rats led to developmental programming of the prostate, inducing a hyperplastic status with perturbations in AR isoforms expression and reactivation of ERα in adulthood, whose implications for posterior prostatic health could be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Zanin Pytlowanciv
- Departament of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo
- Departament of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Departament of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Departament of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Pletcher A, Shibata M. Prostate organogenesis. Development 2022; 149:275758. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Prostate organogenesis begins during embryonic development and continues through puberty when the prostate becomes an important exocrine gland of the male reproductive system. The specification and growth of the prostate is regulated by androgens and is largely a result of cell-cell communication between the epithelium and mesenchyme. The fields of developmental and cancer biology have long been interested in prostate organogenesis because of its relevance for understanding prostate diseases, and research has expanded in recent years with the advent of novel technologies, including genetic-lineage tracing, single-cell RNA sequencing and organoid culture methods, that have provided important insights into androgen regulation, epithelial cell origins and cellular heterogeneity. We discuss these findings, putting them into context with what is currently known about prostate organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pletcher
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Washington, DC 20052, USA
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences 2 , Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Maho Shibata
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Washington, DC 20052, USA
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences 2 , Washington, DC 20052, USA
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9
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Arman T, Nelson PS. Endocrine and paracrine characteristics of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1012005. [PMID: 36440195 PMCID: PMC9691667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy affecting men worldwide. While the vast majority of newly diagnosed prostate cancers are categorized as adenocarcinomas, a spectrum of uncommon tumor types occur including those with small cell and neuroendocrine cell features. Benign neuroendocrine cells exist in the normal prostate microenvironment, and these cells may give rise to primary neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, the more common development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer is observed after therapeutics designed to repress the signaling program regulated by the androgen receptor which is active in the majority of localized and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Neuroendocrine tumors are identified through immunohistochemical staining for common markers including chromogranin A/B, synaptophysin and neuron specific enolase (NSE). These markers are also common to neuroendocrine tumors that arise in other tissues and organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lung and skin. Notably, neuroendocrine prostate cancer shares biochemical features with nerve cells, particularly functions involving the secretion of a variety of peptides and proteins. These secreted factors have the potential to exert local paracrine effects, and distant endocrine effects that may modulate tumor progression, invasion, and resistance to therapy. This review discusses the spectrum of factors derived from neuroendocrine prostate cancers and their potential to influence the pathophysiology of localized and metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarana Arman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter S. Nelson,
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10
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Olson AW, Le V, Wang J, Hiroto A, Kim WK, Lee DH, Aldahl J, Wu X, Kim M, Cunha GR, You S, Sun Z. Stromal androgen and hedgehog signaling regulates stem cell niches in pubertal prostate development. Development 2021; 148:271928. [PMID: 34427305 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stromal androgen-receptor (AR) action is essential for prostate development, morphogenesis and regeneration. However, mechanisms underlying how stromal AR maintains the cell niche in support of pubertal prostatic epithelial growth are unknown. Here, using advanced mouse genetic tools, we demonstrate that selective deletion of stromal AR expression in prepubescent Shh-responsive Gli1-expressing cells significantly impedes pubertal prostate epithelial growth and development. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses showed that AR loss in these prepubescent Gli1-expressing cells dysregulates androgen signaling-initiated stromal-epithelial paracrine interactions, leading to growth retardation of pubertal prostate epithelia and significant development defects. Specifically, AR loss elevates Shh-signaling activation in both prostatic stromal and adjacent epithelial cells, directly inhibiting prostatic epithelial growth. Single-cell trajectory analyses further identified aberrant differentiation fates of prostatic epithelial cells directly altered by stromal AR deletion. In vivo recombination of AR-deficient stromal Gli1-lineage cells with wild-type prostatic epithelial cells failed to develop normal prostatic epithelia. These data demonstrate previously unidentified mechanisms underlying how stromal AR-signaling facilitates Shh-mediated cell niches in pubertal prostatic epithelial growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Vien Le
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Alex Hiroto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Joseph Aldahl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
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11
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Combined Effects of Different Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on Prostate Gland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189772. [PMID: 34574693 PMCID: PMC8471191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to a heterogeneous class of environmental pollutants widely diffused in different aquatic and terrestrial habitats. This implies that humans and animals are continuously exposed to EDCs from different matrices and sources. Moreover, pollution derived from anthropic and industrial activities leads to combined exposure to substances with multiple mechanisms of action on the endocrine system and correlated cell and tissue targets. For this reason, specific organs, such as the prostate gland, which physiologically are under the control of hormones like androgens and estrogens, are particularly sensitive to EDC stimulation. It is now well known that an imbalance in hormonal regulation can cause the onset of various prostate diseases, from benign prostate hyperplasia to prostate cancer. In this review, starting with the description of normal prostate gland anatomy and embryology, we summarize recent studies reporting on how the multiple and simultaneous exposure to estrogenic and anti-androgenic compounds belonging to EDCs are responsible for an increase in prostate disease incidence in the human population.
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12
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Leonel ECR, Ruiz TFR, Bedolo CM, Campos SGP, Taboga SR. Inflammatory repercussions in female steroid responsive glands after perinatal exposure to bisphenol A and 17-β estradiol. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2264-2274. [PMID: 34288236 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland (MG) and female prostate are plastic reproductive organs which are highly responsive to hormones. Thus, endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and exogenous estrogens, negatively affect glandular homeostasis. In addition to previously described alterations, changes in inflammatory markers expression also trigger the development of a microenvironment that contributes to tumor progression. The current work aimed to evaluate the inflammatory responses of the MG and prostate gland to BPA (50 µg/kg) and 17-β estradiol (35 µg/kg) exposure during the perinatal window of susceptibility. The results showed that at 6 months of age there was an increase in the number of phospho-STAT3 (P-STAT3) positive cells in the female prostate from animals perinatally exposed to 50 µg/kg BPA daily. In addition, the number of macrophages increased in these animals in comparison with nonexposed animals, as shown by the F4/80 marker. Despite an increase in the incidence of lobuloalveolar and intraductal hyperplasia, the MG did not show any difference in the expression of the four inflammatory markers evaluated: tumor necrosis factor-α, COX-2, P-STAT3, and F4/80. Analysis of both glands from the same animal led to the conclusion that exposure to endocrine disruptors during the perinatal window of susceptibility leads to different inflammatory responses in different reproductive organs. As the prostate is more susceptible to these inflammatory mechanisms, it is reasonable to affirm that possible neoplastic alterations in this organ are related to changes in the inflammatory pattern of the stroma, a characteristic that is not evident in the MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Histology, Embriology, and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB III), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Marques Bedolo
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Gisele Pegorin Campos
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Hewa Bostanthirige D, Komaragiri SK, Joshi JB, Alzahrani M, Saini I, Jain S, Bowen NJ, Havrda MC, Chaudhary J. The helix-loop-helix transcriptional regulator Id4 is required for terminal differentiation of luminal epithelial cells in the prostate. Oncoscience 2021; 8:14-30. [PMID: 33884281 PMCID: PMC8045964 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of differentiation 4 (Id4), a member of the helix-loop-helix family of transcriptional regulators has emerged as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. In this study we investigated the effect of loss of Id4 (Id4-/-) on mouse prostate development. Histological analysis was performed on prostates from 25 days, 3 months and 6 months old Id4-/- mice. Expression of Amacr, Ck8, Ck18, Fkbp51, Fkbp52, androgen receptor, Pten, sca-1 and Nkx3.1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results were compared to the prostates from Nkx3.1-/- mice. Id4-/- mice had smaller prostates with fewer and smaller tubules. Subtle PIN like lesions were observed at 6mo. Decreased Nkx3.1 and Pten and increased stem cell marker sca-1, PIN marker Amacr and basal cell marker p63 was observed at all ages. Persistent Ck8 and Ck18 expression suggested that loss of Id4 results in epithelial commitment but not terminal differentiation in spite of active Ar. Loss of Id4 attenuates normal prostate development and promotes hyperplasia/ dysplasia with PIN like lesions. The results suggest that loss of Id4 maintains stem cell phenotype of "luminal committed basal cells", identifying a unique prostate developmental pathway regulated by Id4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shravan K. Komaragiri
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Jugal B. Joshi
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Majid Alzahrani
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Isha Saini
- Lifeline Pathology Lab and Diagnostic Center, Karnal, India
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nathan J. Bowen
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | | | - Jaideep Chaudhary
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta GA, USA
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14
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Prins GS. Developmental estrogenization: Prostate gland reprogramming leads to increased disease risk with aging. Differentiation 2021; 118:72-81. [PMID: 33478774 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While estrogens are involved in normal prostate morphogenesis and function, inappropriate early-life estrogenic exposures, either in type, dose or timing, can reprogram the prostate gland and lead to increased disease risk with aging. This process is referred to as estrogen imprinting or developmental estrogenization of the prostate gland. The present review discusses published and new evidence for prostatic developmental estrogenization that includes extensive research in rodent models combined with epidemiology findings that together have helped to uncover the architectural and molecular underpinnings that promote this phenotype. Complex interactions between steroid receptors, developmental morphoregulatory factors, epigenetic machinery and stem-progenitor cell targets coalesce to hard wire structural, cellular and epigenomic reorganization of the tissue which retains a life-long memory of early-life estrogens, ultimately predisposing the gland to prostatitis, hyperplasia and carcinogenesis with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail S Prins
- Departments of Urology, Physiology and Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S Wood Street, MC955, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA.
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15
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Pascal LE, Mizoguchi S, Chen W, Rigatti LH, Igarashi T, Dhir R, Tyagi P, Wu Z, Yang Z, de Groat WC, DeFranco DB, Yoshimura N, Wang Z. Prostate-Specific Deletion of Cdh1 Induces Murine Prostatic Inflammation and Bladder Overactivity. Endocrinology 2021; 162:5992231. [PMID: 33211830 PMCID: PMC7745638 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related debilitating prostatic disease that is frequently associated with prostatic inflammation and bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Animal models have shown that formalin- and bacterial-induced prostatic inflammation can induce bladder dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms contributing to prostatic inflammation in BPH and bladder dysfunction are not clear. We previously reported that E-cadherin expression in BPH is downregulated in hyperplastic nodules compared with expression in adjacent normal tissues. Here, we explored the potential consequences of prostatic E-cadherin downregulation on the prostate and bladder in vivo using an inducible murine model of prostate luminal epithelial-specific deletion of Cdh1. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-CreERT2 transgenic mouse strain expressing tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 recombinase driven by a 6-kb human PSA promoter/enhancer was crossed with the B6.129-Cdh1tm2Kem/J mouse to generate bigenic PSA-CreERT2/Cdh1-/- mice. Deletion of E-cadherin was induced by transient administration of tamoxifen when mice reached sexual maturity (7 weeks of age). At 21 to 23 weeks of age, the prostate, bladder, and prostatic urethra were examined histologically, and bladder function was assessed using void spot assays and cystometry. Mice with Cdh1 deletion had increased prostatic inflammation, prostatic epithelial hyperplasia, and stromal changes at 21 to 23 weeks of age, as well as changes in bladder voiding function compared with age-matched controls. Thus, loss of E-cadherin in the murine prostate could result in prostatic defects that are characteristic of BPH and LUTS, suggesting that E-cadherin downregulation could be a driving force in human BPH development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Zhou Wang, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G40, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. ; or Laura E. Pascal, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G34, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Shinsuke Mizoguchi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Taro Igarashi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Zhou Wang, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G40, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. ; or Laura E. Pascal, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G34, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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16
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Mevel R, Steiner I, Mason S, Galbraith LCA, Patel R, Fadlullah MZH, Ahmad I, Leung HY, Oliveira P, Blyth K, Baena E, Lacaud G. RUNX1 marks a luminal castration-resistant lineage established at the onset of prostate development. eLife 2020; 9:e60225. [PMID: 33025905 PMCID: PMC7644213 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of prostate epithelial hierarchy and lineage heterogeneity is critical to understand its regenerative properties and malignancies. Here, we report that the transcription factor RUNX1 marks a specific subpopulation of proximal luminal cells (PLCs), enriched in the periurethral region of the developing and adult mouse prostate, and distinct from the previously identified NKX3.1+ luminal castration-resistant cells. Using scRNA-seq profiling and genetic lineage tracing, we show that RUNX1+ PLCs are unaffected by androgen deprivation, and do not contribute to the regeneration of the distal luminal compartments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a transcriptionally similar RUNX1+ population emerges at the onset of embryonic prostate specification to populate the proximal region of the ducts. Collectively, our results reveal that RUNX1+ PLCs is an intrinsic castration-resistant and self-sustained lineage that emerges early during prostate development and provide new insights into the lineage relationships of the prostate epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Mevel
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Ivana Steiner
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Prostate Oncobiology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura CA Galbraith
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Rahima Patel
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Muhammad ZH Fadlullah
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Hing Y Leung
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, The Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Beatson Institute, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Esther Baena
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Prostate Oncobiology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
- Belfast-Manchester Movember Centre of Excellence, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of ManchesterAlderley ParkUnited Kingdom
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research United Kingdom Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley EdgeMacclesfieldUnited Kingdom
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17
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Joseph DB, Henry GH, Malewska A, Iqbal NS, Ruetten HM, Turco AE, Abler LL, Sandhu SK, Cadena MT, Malladi VS, Reese JC, Mauck RJ, Gahan JC, Hutchinson RC, Roehrborn CG, Baker LA, Vezina CM, Strand DW. Urethral luminal epithelia are castration-insensitive cells of the proximal prostate. Prostate 2020; 80:872-884. [PMID: 32497356 PMCID: PMC7339731 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-insensitive epithelial progenitors capable of regenerating the prostate have been proposed to be concentrated in the proximal region based on facultative assays. Functional characterization of prostate epithelial populations isolated with individual cell surface markers has failed to provide a consensus on the anatomical and transcriptional identity of proximal prostate progenitors. METHODS Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to obtain a complete transcriptomic profile of all epithelial cells in the mouse prostate and urethra to objectively identify cellular subtypes. Pan-transcriptomic comparison to human prostate cell types identified a mouse equivalent of human urethral luminal cells, which highly expressed putative prostate progenitor markers. Validation of the urethral luminal cell cluster was performed using immunostaining and flow cytometry. RESULTS Our data reveal that previously identified facultative progenitors marked by Trop2, Sca-1, KRT4, and PSCA are actually luminal epithelial cells of the urethra that extend into the proximal region of the prostate, and are resistant to castration-induced androgen deprivation. Mouse urethral luminal cells were identified to be the equivalent of previously identified human club and hillock cells that similarly extend into proximal prostate ducts. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has long been considered an "embryonic reawakening," but the cellular origin of the hyperplastic growth concentrated in the periurethral region is unclear. We demonstrate an increase in urethral luminal cells within glandular nodules from BPH patients. Urethral luminal cells are further increased in patients treated with a 5-α reductase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that cells of the proximal prostate that express putative progenitor markers, and are enriched by castration in the proximal prostate, are urethral luminal cells and that these cells may play an important role in the etiology of human BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya B. Joseph
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Gervaise H. Henry
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Alicia Malewska
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nida S. Iqbal
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hannah M. Ruetten
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Anne E. Turco
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lisa L. Abler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Simran K. Sandhu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark T. Cadena
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Venkat S. Malladi
- Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Ryan J. Mauck
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeffrey C. Gahan
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Linda A. Baker
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Douglas W. Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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18
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Taylor JA, Jones MB, Besch-Williford CL, Berendzen AF, Ricke WA, vom Saal FS. Interactive Effects of Perinatal BPA or DES and Adult Testosterone and Estradiol Exposure on Adult Urethral Obstruction and Bladder, Kidney, and Prostate Pathology in Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113902. [PMID: 32486162 PMCID: PMC7313472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive voiding disorder (OVD) occurs during aging in men and is often, but not always, associated with increased prostate size, due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, or prostate cancer. Estrogens are known to impact the development of both OVD and prostate diseases, either during early urogenital tract development in fetal–neonatal life or later in adulthood. To examine the potential interaction between developmental and adult estrogen exposure on the adult urogenital tract, male CD-1 mice were perinatally exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), diethylstilbestrol (DES) as a positive control, or vehicle negative control, and in adulthood were treated for 4 months with Silastic capsules containing testosterone and estradiol (T+E2) or empty capsules. Animals exposed to BPA or DES during perinatal development were more likely than negative controls to have urine flow/kidney problems and enlarged bladders, as well as enlarged prostates. OVD in adult T+E2-treated perinatal BPA and DES animals was associated with dorsal prostate hyperplasia and prostatitis. The results demonstrate a relationship between elevated exogenous estrogen levels during urogenital system development and elevated estradiol in adulthood and OVD in male mice. These findings support the two-hit hypothesis for the development of OVD and prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Taylor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.A.T.); (M.B.J.)
| | - Maren Bell Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.A.T.); (M.B.J.)
| | | | - Ashley F. Berendzen
- Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S Truman VA Hospital and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - William A. Ricke
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Frederick S. vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.A.T.); (M.B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(573)-356-9621
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19
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Cheng CY, Zhou Z, Stone M, Lu B, Flesken-Nikitin A, Nanus DM, Nikitin AY. Membrane metalloendopeptidase suppresses prostate carcinogenesis by attenuating effects of gastrin-releasing peptide on stem/progenitor cells. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:38. [PMID: 32205838 PMCID: PMC7090072 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant neuroendocrine signaling is frequent yet poorly understood feature of prostate cancers. Membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME) is responsible for the catalytic inactivation of neuropeptide substrates, and is downregulated in nearly 50% of prostate cancers. However its role in prostate carcinogenesis, including formation of castration-resistant prostate carcinomas, remains uncertain. Here we report that MME cooperates with PTEN in suppression of carcinogenesis by controlling activities of prostate stem/progenitor cells. Lack of MME and PTEN results in development of adenocarcinomas characterized by propensity for vascular invasion and formation of proliferative neuroendocrine clusters after castration. Effects of MME on prostate stem/progenitor cells depend on its catalytic activity and can be recapitulated by addition of the MME substrate, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Knockdown or inhibition of GRP receptor (GRPR) abrogate effects of MME deficiency and delay growth of human prostate cancer xenografts by reducing the number of cancer-propagating cells. In sum, our study provides a definitive proof of tumor-suppressive role of MME, links GRP/GRPR signaling to the control of prostate stem/progenitor cells, and shows how dysregulation of such signaling may promote formation of castration-resistant prostate carcinomas. It also identifies GRPR as a valuable target for therapies aimed at eradication of cancer-propagating cells in prostate cancers with MME downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yang Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Zongxiang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Meredith Stone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Bao Lu
- Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrea Flesken-Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - David M Nanus
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Yu Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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20
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Klf5 acetylation regulates luminal differentiation of basal progenitors in prostate development and regeneration. Nat Commun 2020; 11:997. [PMID: 32081850 PMCID: PMC7035357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate development depends on balanced cell proliferation and differentiation, and acetylated KLF5 is known to alter epithelial proliferation. It remains elusive whether post-translational modifications of transcription factors can differentially determine adult stem/progenitor cell fate. Here we report that, in human and mouse prostates, Klf5 is expressed in both basal and luminal cells, with basal cells preferentially expressing acetylated Klf5. Functionally, Klf5 is indispensable for maintaining basal progenitors, their luminal differentiation, and the proliferation of their basal and luminal progenies. Acetylated Klf5 is also essential for basal progenitors' maintenance and proper luminal differentiation, as deacetylation of Klf5 causes excess basal-to-luminal differentiation; attenuates androgen-mediated organoid organization; and retards postnatal prostate development. In basal progenitor-derived luminal cells, Klf5 deacetylation increases their proliferation and attenuates their survival and regeneration following castration and subsequent androgen restoration. Mechanistically, Klf5 deacetylation activates Notch signaling. Klf5 and its acetylation thus contribute to postnatal prostate development and regeneration by controlling basal progenitor cell fate.
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21
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Seasonal expressions of prostaglandin E synthases and receptors in the prostate of the wild ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus). Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106412. [PMID: 31927132 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prostate gland is a male accessory reproductive gland, whose vitality and function are under tight regulation of different hormones. Prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) is one of the major products generated by the actions of cyclooxygenases (COX) and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES) on arachidonic acid, and is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we investigated the seasonal immunolocalizations and expressions of COX-1, COX-2 and PTGES, as well as PGE2 receptors (PTGERs) subtypes 1-4 (EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4) in the prostate of the wild ground squirrel. Histological examination observed enlarged prostatic lumens in the breeding season and significantly shrunken lumens in the nonbreeding season. COX-1, COX-2, PTGES and PTGERs were mainly localized in epithelial and stromal cells in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The mRNA expression levels of Cox-1, Cox-2, Ptges, Ptger2 (encoding EP2) and Ptger4 (encoding EP4) were higher in the prostate of the breeding season than in the nonbreeding season. The relative mRNA levels of Cox-1, Cox-2, Ptges, Ptger2 and Ptger4 were positively correlated with prostatic weights. In addition, both the prostatic and plasma concentrations of PGE2 were significantly higher in the breeding season compared to the nonbreeding season. These results suggested that PGE2 synthesis and signaling might play an important autocrine or paracrine role in the regulation of seasonal changes in the prostatic function of the wild ground squirrel.
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22
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Schneider AJ, Gawdzik J, Vezina CM, Baker TR, Peterson RE. Sox9 in mouse urogenital sinus epithelium mediates elongation of prostatic buds and expression of genes involved in epithelial cell migration. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 34:119075. [PMID: 31669249 PMCID: PMC6927329 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies identified Sox9 as a critical mediator of prostate development but the precise stage when Sox9 acts had not been determined. A genetic approach was used to delete Sox9 from mouse urogenital sinus epithelium (UGE) prior to prostate specification. All prostatic bud types (anterior, dorsolateral and ventral) were stunted in Sox9 conditional knockouts (cKOs) even though the number of prostatic buds did not differ from that of controls. We concluded that Sox9 is required for prostatic bud elongation and compared control male, control female, Sox9 cKO male and Sox9 cKO female UGE transcriptomes to identify potential molecular mediators. We identified 702 sex-dependent and 95 Sox9-dependent genes. Thirty-one genes were expressed in both a sex- and Sox9-dependent pattern. A comparison of Sox9 cKO female vs control female UGE transcriptomes revealed 74 Sox9-dependent genes, some of which also function in cell migration. SOX9 regulates, directly or indirectly, a largely different profile of genes in male and female UGE. Eighty-three percent of Sox9-dependent genes in male UGE were not Sox9-dependent in female UGE. Only 16 genes were Sox9-dependent in the UGE of both sexes and seven had cell migration functions. These results support the notion that Sox9 promotes cell migration activities needed for prostate ductal elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Schneider
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Joseph Gawdzik
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Chad M Vezina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Tracie R Baker
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Richard E Peterson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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23
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Cunha GR, Sinclair A, Ricke WA, Robboy SJ, Cao M, Baskin LS. Reproductive tract biology: Of mice and men. Differentiation 2019; 110:49-63. [PMID: 31622789 PMCID: PMC7339118 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study of male and female reproductive tract development requires expertise in two separate disciplines, developmental biology and endocrinology. For ease of experimentation and economy, the mouse has been used extensively as a model for human development and pathogenesis, and for the most part similarities in developmental processes and hormone action provide ample justification for the relevance of mouse models for human reproductive tract development. Indeed, there are many examples describing the phenotype of human genetic disorders that have a reasonably comparable phenotype in mice, attesting to the congruence between mouse and human development. However, anatomic, developmental and endocrinologic differences exist between mice and humans that (1) must be appreciated and (2) considered with caution when extrapolating information between all animal models and humans. It is critical that the investigator be aware of both the similarities and differences in organogenesis and hormone action within male and female reproductive tracts so as to focus on those features of mouse models with clear relevance to human development/pathology. This review, written by a team with extensive expertise in the anatomy, developmental biology and endocrinology of both mouse and human urogenital tracts, focusses upon the significant human/mouse differences, and when appropriate voices a cautionary note regarding extrapolation of mouse models for understanding development of human male and female reproductive tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 93705, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University, Davison Building, Box 3712, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Adriane Sinclair
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Will A Ricke
- George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 93705, USA
| | - Stanley J Robboy
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Davison Building, Box 3712, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mei Cao
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Laurence S Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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24
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Tika E, Ousset M, Dannau A, Blanpain C. Spatiotemporal regulation of multipotency during prostate development. Development 2019; 146:dev.180224. [PMID: 31575645 PMCID: PMC6883376 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prostate is formed by a branched glandular epithelium composed of basal cells (BCs) and luminal cells (LCs). Multipotent and unipotent stem cells (SCs) mediate the initial steps of prostate development whereas BCs and LCs are self-sustained in adult mice by unipotent lineage-restricted SCs. The spatiotemporal regulation of SC fate and the switch from multipotency to unipotency remain poorly characterised. Here, by combining lineage tracing, whole-tissue imaging, clonal analysis and proliferation kinetics, we uncover the cellular dynamics that orchestrate prostate postnatal development in mouse. We found that at an early stage of development multipotent basal SCs are located throughout the epithelium and are progressively restricted at the distal tip of the ducts, where, together with their progeny, they establish the different branches and the final structure of prostate. In contrast, pubertal development is mediated by unipotent lineage-restricted SCs. Our results uncover the spatiotemporal regulation of the switch from multipotency to unipotency during prostate development. Highlighted Article: A combination of lineage tracing and whole-mount imaging uncovers how the multipotency of basal stem cells is regulated during postnatal prostate development in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Tika
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Marielle Ousset
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Anne Dannau
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium .,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
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25
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Arsenic exposure during prepuberty alters prostate maturation in pubescent rats. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Barbosa GO, Bruni-Cardoso A, da Silva Pinhal MA, Augusto TM, Carvalho HF. Heparanase-1 activity and the early postnatal prostate development. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:211-220. [PMID: 30653275 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventral prostate (VP) morphogenesis starts during embryonic development and continues for the first three postnatal weeks. Heparan sulfate (HS) affects paracrine signaling. Heparanase-1 (HPSE) is the only enzyme capable of cleaving HS. HPSE releases the HS bioactive fragment and mobilizes growth factors. Little is known, however, about HS turnover and HPSE function during VP morphogenesis. In this study, we measured HSPG expression and analyzed the expression and distribution of HPSE in the rat VP. HPSE was predominantly expressed by the VP epithelium. The VP was treated with heparin in ex vivo cultures to interfere with HS and resulted in delayed epithelial growth. Hpse knockdown using siRNA delayed epithelial growth in the first postnatal week ex vivo, which was similar to treating with the lower concentration of heparin. Hpse silencing was related to changes in HS chain length (as determined by size-exclusion chromatography, up-regulation of Mmp9, and down-regulation of Mmp2 expression). It also down-modulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting a reduction in signaling, likely due to decreased HS cleavage and growth factor bioavailability. Our results showed that HPSE played a role in early epithelial growth during the first week of VP postnatal development. Developmental Dynamics 248:211-220, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Oliveira Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Scarano WR, Pinho CF, Pissinatti L, Gonçalves BF, Mendes LO, Campos SG. Cell junctions in the prostate: an overview about the effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCS) in different experimental models. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:147-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Cunha GR, Vezina CM, Isaacson D, Ricke WA, Timms BG, Cao M, Franco O, Baskin LS. Development of the human prostate. Differentiation 2018; 103:24-45. [PMID: 30224091 PMCID: PMC6234090 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a detailed compilation of human prostatic development that includes human fetal prostatic gross anatomy, histology, and ontogeny of selected epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation markers and signaling molecules throughout the stages of human prostatic development: (a) pre-bud urogenital sinus (UGS), (b) emergence of solid prostatic epithelial buds from urogenital sinus epithelium (UGE), (c) bud elongation and branching, (d) canalization of the solid epithelial cords, (e) differentiation of luminal and basal epithelial cells, and (f) secretory cytodifferentiation. Additionally, we describe the use of xenografts to assess the actions of androgens and estrogens on human fetal prostatic development. In this regard, we report a new model of de novo DHT-induction of prostatic development from xenografts of human fetal female urethras, which emphasizes the utility of the xenograft approach for investigation of initiation of human prostatic development. These studies raise the possibility of molecular mechanistic studies on human prostatic development through the use of tissue recombinants composed of mutant mouse UGM combined with human fetal prostatic epithelium. Our compilation of human prostatic developmental processes is likely to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer as the neoformation of ductal-acinar architecture during normal development is shared during the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
| | - Chad M Vezina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Dylan Isaacson
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Barry G Timms
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States
| | - Mei Cao
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Omar Franco
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Health System, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Laurence S Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
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29
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Zani BC, Sanches BDA, Maldarine JS, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Barquilha CN, Zucão MI, Baraldi CMB, Felisbino SL, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Telocytes role during the postnatal development of the Mongolian gerbil jejunum. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:130-138. [PMID: 30003874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes are recently categorised CD34-positive interstitial cells that comprise the cells which were previously called interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs). These were detected in the stroma of various organs such as the prostate, lungs, mammary glands, liver, gallbladder, and jejunum, among others. Several functions have been proposed for telocytes, such as a supportive role in smooth muscle contraction and immune function in adult organs, and tissue organisation and paracrine signalling during development, as well as others. In the jejunum, little is known about the function of telocytes in the adult organ, or is there any information about when these cells develop or if they could have an auxiliary role in the development of the jejunum. The present study employed histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques on histological sections of the jejunum of Mongolian gerbil pups on two different days of postnatal development of the jejunum, covering the maturation period of the organ. By immunolabelling for CD34, it was observed that telocytes are already present in the jejunum during the first week of postnatal life and exist in close association with the developing muscularis mucosae, which are therefore TGFβ1-positive. The telocytes are still present at the end of the first month of life, and a portion of them present co-localisation with c-Kit. Fibroblast-like cells, which are exclusively c-Kit-positive, are also observed, which may indicate the presence of interstitial Cajal cells (ICCs). Finally, it can be hypothesised that a portion of the telocytes may give rise to ICCs, which are c-Kit-positive but CD34 negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Zani
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Caroline N Barquilha
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin St., 250, Rubião Júnior District, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Mariele I Zucão
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M B Baraldi
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio L Felisbino
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin St., 250, Rubião Júnior District, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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30
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Abstract
The prostate is a male exocrine gland that secretes components of the seminal fluid. In men, prostate tumors are one of the most prevalent cancers. Studies on the development of the prostate have given a better understanding of the processes and genes that are important in the formation of this organ and have provided insights into the mechanisms of prostate tumorigenesis. These developmental studies have provided evidence that some of the genes and signaling pathways involved in development are reactivated or deregulated during prostate cancer. The prostate goes through a number of different stages during organogenesis, which include organ specification, epithelial budding, branching morphogenesis, canalization, and cytodifferentiation. During development, these processes are tightly regulated, many of which are controlled by the male hormone androgens. The majority of prostate tumors remain hormone regulated, and antiandrogen therapy is a first-line therapy, highlighting the important link between prostate organogenesis and cancer. In this review, we describe some of the data on genes that have important roles during prostate development that also have strong evidence linking them to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Francis
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Swain
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
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31
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Abstract
Well-controlled intrauterine development is an essential condition for many aspects of normal adult physiology and health. This process is disrupted by poor maternal nutrition status during pregnancy. Indeed, physiological adaptations occur in the fetus to ensure nutrient supply to the most vital organs at the expense of the others, leading to irreversible consequences in tissue formation and differentiation. Evidence indicates that maternal undernutrition in early life promotes changes in key hormones, such as glucocorticoids, growth hormones, insulin-like growth factors, estrogens and androgens, during fetal development. These alterations can directly or indirectly affect hormone release, hormone receptor expression/distribution, cellular function or tissue organization, and impair tissue growth, differentiation and maturation to exert profound long-term effects on the offspring. Within the male reproductive system, maternal protein malnutrition alters development, structure, and function of the gonads, testes and prostate gland. Consequently, these changes impair the reproductive capacity of the male offspring. Further, permanent alterations in the prostate gland occur at the molecular and cellular level and thereby affect the onset of late life diseases such as prostatitis, hyperplasia and even prostate cancer. This review assembles current thoughts on the concepts and mechanisms behind the developmental origins of health and disease as they relate to protein malnutrition, and highlights the effects of maternal protein malnutrition on rat prostate development and homeostasis. Such insights on developmental trajectories of adult-onset prostate disease may help provide a foundation for future studies in this field.
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32
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He Y, Hooker E, Yu EJ, Wu H, Cunha GR, Sun Z. An Indispensable Role of Androgen Receptor in Wnt Responsive Cells During Prostate Development, Maturation, and Regeneration. Stem Cells 2018; 36:891-902. [PMID: 29451339 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Androgen signaling is essential for prostate development, morphogenesis, and regeneration. Emerging evidence indicates that Wnt/β-catenin signaling also contributes to prostate development specifically through regulation of cell fate determination. Prostatic Axin2-expressing cells are able to respond to Wnt signals and possess the progenitor properties to regenerate prostatic epithelium. Despite critical roles of both signaling pathways, the biological significance of androgen receptor (AR) in Axin2-expressing/Wnt-responsive cells remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated this important question using a series of newly generated mouse models. Deletion of Ar in embryonic Axin2-expressing cells impaired early prostate development in both ex vivo and tissue implantation experiments. When Ar expression was deleted in prostatic Axin2-expressing cells at pre-puberty stages, it results in smaller and underdeveloped prostates. A subpopulation of Axin2 expressing cells in prostate epithelium is resistant to castration and, following androgen supplementation, is capable to expand to prostatic luminal cells. Deletion of Ar in these Axin2-expressing cells reduces their regenerative ability. These lines of evidence demonstrate an indispensable role for the Ar in Wnt-responsive cells during the course of prostate development, morphogenesis, and regeneration, which also imply an underlying interaction between the androgen and Wnt signaling pathways in the mouse prostate. Stem Cells 2018;36:891-902.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Erika Hooker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eun-Jeong Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute and Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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33
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Brocqueville G, Chmelar RS, Bauderlique-Le Roy H, Deruy E, Tian L, Vessella RL, Greenberg NM, Rohrschneider LR, Bourette RP. s-SHIP expression identifies a subset of murine basal prostate cells as neonatal stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29228-44. [PMID: 27081082 PMCID: PMC5045392 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of prostate stem cells (PSCs) is crucial for understanding their biology during normal development and tumorigenesis. In this aim, we used a transgenic mouse model expressing GFP from the stem cell-specific s-SHIP promoter to mark putative stem cells during postnatal prostate development. Here we show that cells identified by GFP expression are present transiently during early prostate development and localize to the basal cell layer of the epithelium. These prostate GFP+ cells are a subpopulation of the Lin- CD24+ Sca-1+ CD49f+ cells and are capable of self-renewal together with enhanced growth potential in sphere-forming assay in vitro, a phenotype consistent with that of a PSC population. Transplantation assays of prostate GFP+ cells demonstrate reconstitution of prostate ducts containing both basal and luminal cells in renal grafts. Altogether, these results demonstrate that s-SHIP promoter expression is a new marker for neonatal basal prostate cells exhibiting stem cell properties that enables PSCs in situ identification and isolation via a single consistent parameter. Transcriptional profiling of these GFP+ neonatal stem cells showed an increased expression of several components of the Wnt signaling pathway. It also identified stem cell regulators with potential applications for further analyses of normal and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brocqueville
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, SIRIC ONCOLille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Renee S Chmelar
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hélène Bauderlique-Le Roy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, SIRIC ONCOLille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeric Deruy
- BioImaging Center Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lu Tian
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, SIRIC ONCOLille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Robert L Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Norman M Greenberg
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Present address: NMG Scientific Consulting, North Potomac, MD 20878, USA
| | - Larry R Rohrschneider
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Roland P Bourette
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, SIRIC ONCOLille, F-59000 Lille, France
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34
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Picut CA, Ziejewski MK, Stanislaus D. Comparative Aspects of Pre- and Postnatal Development of the Male Reproductive System. Birth Defects Res 2017; 110:190-227. [PMID: 29063715 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review describes pre- and postnatal development of the male reproductive system in humans and laboratory animals, and highlights species differences in the timing and control of hormonal and morphologic events. Major differences are that the fetal testis is dependent on gonadotropins in humans, but is independent of such in rats; humans have an extended postnatal quiescent period, whereas rats exhibit no quiescence; and events such as secretion by the prostate and seminal vesicles, testicular descent, and the appearance of spermatogonia are all prenatal events in humans, but are postnatal events in rats. Major differences in the timing of the developmental sequence between rats and humans include: gonocyte transformation period (rat: postnatal day 0-9; human: includes gestational week 22 to 9 months of age); masculinization programming window (rat: gestational day 15.5-17.5; human: gestational week 9-14); and mini-puberty (rat: 0-6 hr after birth; human: 3-6 months of age). Endocrine disruptors can cause unique lesions in the prenatal and early postnatal testis; therefore, it is important to consider the differences in the timing of the developmental sequence when designing preclinical studies as identification of windows of sensitivity for endocrine disruption or toxicants will aid in interpretation of results and provide clues to a mode of action. Birth Defects Research 110:190-227, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Picut
- Charles River Laboratories, Pathology Associates, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mary K Ziejewski
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - D Stanislaus
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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35
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Fu DJ, Miller AD, Southard TL, Flesken-Nikitin A, Ellenson LH, Nikitin AY. Stem Cell Pathology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2017; 13:71-92. [PMID: 29059010 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine have opened new opportunities for better understanding disease pathogenesis and the development of new diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment approaches. Many stem cell niches are well defined anatomically, thereby allowing their routine pathological evaluation during disease initiation and progression. Evaluation of the consequences of genetic manipulations in stem cells and investigation of the roles of stem cells in regenerative medicine and pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer require significant expertise in pathology for accurate interpretation of novel findings. Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing stem cell pathology as a discipline to facilitate stem cell research and regenerative medicine. This review provides examples of anatomically defined niches suitable for evaluation by diagnostic pathologists, describes neoplastic lesions associated with them, and discusses further directions of stem cell pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Jiun Fu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Andrea Flesken-Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Lora H Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Yu Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
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Park HJ, Bolton EC. RET-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor signaling inhibits mouse prostate development. Development 2017; 144:2282-2293. [PMID: 28506996 DOI: 10.1242/dev.145086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In humans and rodents, the prostate gland develops from the embryonic urogenital sinus (UGS). The androgen receptor (AR) is thought to control the expression of morphogenetic genes in inductive UGS mesenchyme, which promotes proliferation and cytodifferentiation of the prostatic epithelium. However, the nature of the AR-regulated morphogenetic genes and the mechanisms whereby AR controls prostate development are not understood. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) binds GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1) and signals through activation of RET tyrosine kinase. Gene disruption studies in mice have revealed essential roles for GDNF signaling in development; however, its role in prostate development is unexplored. Here, we establish novel roles of GDNF signaling in mouse prostate development. Using an organ culture system for prostate development and Ret mutant mice, we demonstrate that RET-mediated GDNF signaling in UGS increases proliferation of mesenchyme cells and suppresses androgen-induced proliferation and differentiation of prostate epithelial cells, inhibiting prostate development. We also identify Ar as a GDNF-repressed gene and Gdnf and Gfrα1 as androgen-repressed genes in UGS, thus establishing reciprocal regulatory crosstalk between AR and GDNF signaling in prostate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eric C Bolton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Ceder JA, Aalders TW, Schalken JA. Label retention and stem cell marker expression in the developing and adult prostate identifies basal and luminal epithelial stem cell subpopulations. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:95. [PMID: 28446230 PMCID: PMC5406885 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer among males worldwide, and most patients with metastatic disease eventually develop therapy-resistant disease. Recent research has suggested the existence of cancer stem-like cells, and that such cells are behind the therapy resistance and progression. METHODS Here, we have taken advantage of the relatively quiescent nature of stem cells to identify the slow-cycling label-retaining stem cell (LRC) populations of the prostate gland. Mice were pulsed with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) during prostate organogenesis, and the LRC populations were then identified and characterized in 5-day-old and in 6-month-old adult animals using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Quantification of LRCs in the adult mouse prostate showed that epithelial LRCs were significantly more numerous in prostatic ducts (3.7 ± 0.47% SD) when compared to the proximal (1.4 ± 0.83%) and distal epithelium (0.48 ± 0.08%) of the secretory lobes. LRCs were identified in both the basal and epithelial cell layers of the prostate, and LRCs co-expressed several candidate stem cell markers in a developmental and duct/acini-specific manner, including Sca-1, TROP-2, CD133, CD44, c-kit, and the novel prostate progenitor marker cytokeratin-7. Importantly, a significant proportion of LRCs were localized in the luminal cell layer, the majority in ducts and the proximal prostate, that co-expressed high levels of androgen receptor in the adult prostate. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there are separate basal and luminal stem cell populations in the prostate, and they open up the possibility that androgen receptor-expressing luminal stem-like cells could function as cancer-initiating and relapse-responsible cells in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Adam Ceder
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC 91:10, SE20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Tilly Wilhelmina Aalders
- Department of Urology (Route 267), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Antonius Schalken
- Department of Urology (Route 267), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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38
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Kheddache A, Moudilou EN, Zatra Y, Aknoun-Sail N, Amirat Z, Exbrayat JM, Khammar F. Seasonal morphophysiological variations in the prostatic complex of the Tarabul’s gerbil ( Gerbillus tarabuli ). Tissue Cell 2017; 49:345-357. [PMID: 28162243 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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39
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Pakula H, Xiang D, Li Z. A Tale of Two Signals: AR and WNT in Development and Tumorigenesis of Prostate and Mammary Gland. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E14. [PMID: 28134791 PMCID: PMC5332937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and among the leading causes of cancer deaths for men in industrialized countries. It has long been recognized that the prostate is an androgen-dependent organ and PCa is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen action is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for metastatic PCa. However, almost all advanced PCa cases progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after a period of ADT. A variety of mechanisms of progression from androgen-dependent PCa to CRPC under ADT have been postulated, but it remains largely unclear as to when and how castration resistance arises within prostate tumors. In addition, AR signaling may be modulated by extracellular factors among which are the cysteine-rich glycoproteins WNTs. The WNTs are capable of signaling through several pathways, the best-characterized being the canonical WNT/β-catenin/TCF-mediated canonical pathway. Recent studies from sequencing PCa genomes revealed that CRPC cells frequently harbor mutations in major components of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, the finding of an interaction between β-catenin and AR suggests a possible mechanism of cross talk between WNT and androgen/AR signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of both AR and WNT pathways in prostate development and tumorigenesis, and their interaction during development of CRPC. We also review the possible therapeutic application of drugs that target both AR and WNT/β-catenin pathways. Finally, we extend our review of AR and WNT signaling to the mammary gland system and breast cancer. We highlight that the role of AR signaling and its interaction with WNT signaling in these two hormone-related cancer types are highly context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Pakula
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 466, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 466, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 466, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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40
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Aaron L, Franco OE, Hayward SW. Review of Prostate Anatomy and Embryology and the Etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Urol Clin North Am 2017; 43:279-88. [PMID: 27476121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prostate development follows a common pattern between species and depends on the actions of androgens to induce and support ductal branching morphogenesis of buds emerging from the urogenital sinus. The human prostate has a compact zonal anatomy immediately surrounding the urethra and below the urinary bladder. Rodents have a lobular prostate with lobes radiating away from the urethra. The human prostate is the site of benign hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and prostatitis. The rodent prostate has little naturally occurring disease. Rodents can be used to model aspects of human benign hyperplasia, but care should be taken in data interpretation and extrapolation to the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTayia Aaron
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 DR DB Todd JR Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Omar E Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Simon W Hayward
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 DR DB Todd JR Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
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41
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Gold E, Zellhuber-McMillan S, Risbridger G, Marino FE. Regional localization of activin-β A , activin-β C , follistatin, proliferation, and apoptosis in adult and developing mouse prostate ducts. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 23-24:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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42
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Hedgehog Signaling in Prostate Development, Regeneration and Cancer. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:jdb4040030. [PMID: 29615593 PMCID: PMC5831806 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate is a developmental model system study of prostate growth regulation. Historically the research focus was on androgen regulation of development and growth and instructive interactions between the mesenchyme and epithelium. The study of Hh signaling in prostate development revealed important roles in ductal morphogenesis and in epithelial growth regulation that appear to be recapitulated in prostate cancer. This overview of Hh signaling in the prostate will address the well-described role of paracrine signaling prostate development as well as new evidence suggesting a role for autocrine signaling, the role of Hh signaling in prostate regeneration and reiterative activities in prostate cancer.
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43
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Sakuda K, Muragishi R, Yoshinaga K. Histochemical evaluation of postnatal lectin-binding sites in the mouse prostate. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2016; 92:61-6. [PMID: 27319301 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj.92.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The prostate is a male accessory genital gland that plays an essential role in reproductive function. To understand the cytological characteristics of differentiating prostatic cells, we used lectin histochemistry combined with immunohistochemistry to examine the distribution of lectin-binding sites on prostatic cells during postnatal development in the mouse. During postnatal development, Hippeastrum Hybrid Lectin (HHL) lectin reacted consistently with the luminal cells of all prostatic lobes (regions), whereas the Ricinus Communis Agglutinin I (RCA-I) and Soybean Agglutinin (SBA) lectins showed remarkable differences with age, region, and cell type. We found that the lectin-binding pattern in differentiating prostatic cells acquired adult characteristics around 3 weeks after birth. The results indicate that prostatic cell differentiation during postnatal development in mice is characterized by the presence of cell- and region-specific lectin-binding sites in the prostate, suggesting that there may also be cellular and regional differences in their function. Furthermore, some lectins (HHL, RCA-I, and SBA) could provide useful markers for research into cell differentiation and for the pathological evaluation of prostatic diseases or in the diagnosis of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Sakuda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University
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44
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Bolt CC, Negi S, Guimarães-Camboa N, Zhang H, Troy JM, Lu X, Kispert A, Evans SM, Stubbs L. Tbx18 Regulates the Differentiation of Periductal Smooth Muscle Stroma and the Maintenance of Epithelial Integrity in the Prostate. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154413. [PMID: 27120339 PMCID: PMC4847854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-box transcription factor TBX18 is essential to mesenchymal cell differentiation in several tissues and Tbx18 loss-of-function results in dramatic organ malformations and perinatal lethality. Here we demonstrate for the first time that Tbx18 is required for the normal development of periductal smooth muscle stromal cells in prostate, particularly in the anterior lobe, with a clear impact on prostate health in adult mice. Prostate abnormalities are only subtly apparent in Tbx18 mutants at birth; to examine postnatal prostate development we utilized a relatively long-lived hypomorphic mutant and a novel conditional Tbx18 allele. Similar to the ureter, cells that fail to express Tbx18 do not condense normally into smooth muscle cells of the periductal prostatic stroma. However, in contrast to ureter, the periductal stromal cells in mutant prostate assume a hypertrophic, myofibroblastic state and the adjacent epithelium becomes grossly disorganized. To identify molecular events preceding the onset of this pathology, we compared gene expression in the urogenital sinus (UGS), from which the prostate develops, in Tbx18-null and wild type littermates at two embryonic stages. Genes that regulate cell proliferation, smooth muscle differentiation, prostate epithelium development, and inflammatory response were significantly dysregulated in the mutant urogenital sinus around the time that Tbx18 is first expressed in the wild type UGS, suggesting a direct role in regulating those genes. Together, these results argue that Tbx18 is essential to the differentiation and maintenance of the prostate periurethral mesenchyme and that it indirectly regulates epithelial differentiation through control of stromal-epithelial signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Chase Bolt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
| | - Soumya Negi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
| | - Nuno Guimarães-Camboa
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America, 92037
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
| | - Joseph M. Troy
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
| | - Xiaochen Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sylvia M. Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America, 92037
| | - Lisa Stubbs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, 61801
- * E-mail:
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45
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Strand DW, Aaron L, Henry G, Franco OE, Hayward SW. Isolation and analysis of discreet human prostate cellular populations. Differentiation 2016; 91:139-51. [PMID: 26546040 PMCID: PMC4854811 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of lineage tracing in transgenic mouse models has revealed an abundance of subcellular phenotypes responsible for maintaining prostate homeostasis. The ability to use fresh human tissues to examine the hypotheses generated by these mouse experiments has been greatly enhanced by technical advances in tissue processing, flow cytometry and cell culture. We describe in detail the optimization of protocols for each of these areas to facilitate research on solving human prostate diseases through the analysis of human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - LaTayia Aaron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gervaise Henry
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Omar E Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Simon W Hayward
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA.
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46
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Grabowska MM, Kelly SM, Reese AL, Cates JM, Case TC, Zhang J, DeGraff DJ, Strand DW, Miller NL, Clark PE, Hayward SW, Gronostajski RM, Anderson PD, Matusik RJ. Nfib Regulates Transcriptional Networks That Control the Development of Prostatic Hyperplasia. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1094-109. [PMID: 26677878 PMCID: PMC4769366 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A functional complex consisting of androgen receptor (AR) and forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) proteins supports prostatic development, differentiation, and disease. In addition, the interaction of FOXA1 with cofactors such as nuclear factor I (NFI) family members modulates AR target gene expression. However, the global role of specific NFI family members has yet to be described in the prostate. In these studies, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing in androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells demonstrated that 64.3% of NFIB binding sites are associated with AR and FOXA1 binding sites. Interrogation of published data revealed that genes associated with NFIB binding sites are predominantly induced after dihydrotestosterone treatment of LNCaP cells, whereas NFIB knockdown studies demonstrated that loss of NFIB drives increased AR expression and superinduction of a subset of AR target genes. Notably, genes bound by NFIB only are associated with cell division and cell cycle. To define the role of NFIB in vivo, mouse Nfib knockout prostatic tissue was rescued via renal capsule engraftment. Loss of Nfib expression resulted in prostatic hyperplasia, which did not resolve in response to castration, and an expansion of an intermediate cell population in a small subset of grafts. In human benign prostatic hyperplasia, luminal NFIB loss correlated with more severe disease. Finally, some areas of intermediate cell expansion were also associated with NFIB loss. Taken together, these results show a fundamental role for NFIB as a coregulator of AR action in the prostate and in controlling prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Grabowska
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Stephen M Kelly
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Amy L Reese
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Justin M Cates
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Tom C Case
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - David J DeGraff
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Douglas W Strand
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Nicole L Miller
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Peter E Clark
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Simon W Hayward
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Philip D Anderson
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Robert J Matusik
- Department of Urologic Surgery (M.M.G., T.C.C., J.Z., N.L.M., P.E.C., S.W.H., R.J.M.), Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (J.M.C.), and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P.E.C., R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; Department of Biological Sciences (S.M.K., A.L.R., P.D.A.), Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland 21801; Department of Pathology (D.J.G.), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of Urology (D.W.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Cancer Biology (S.W.H.), NorthShore HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois 60201; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program (R.M.G.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (R.J.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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Oliveira DSM, Dzinic S, Bonfil AI, Saliganan AD, Sheng S, Bonfil RD. The mouse prostate: a basic anatomical and histological guideline. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2016; 16:8-13. [PMID: 26773172 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial similarities in embryological, cellular and molecular biology features, human and mouse prostates differ in organ morphology and tissue architecture. Thus, a clear understanding of the anatomy and histology of the mouse prostate is essential for the identification of urogenital phenotypes in genetically engineered mice, as well as for the study of the etiology, development, and treatment of human prostatic diseases for which mouse models are used. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a brief guide for the dissection of the mouse prostate and the identification of its different lobes and histology, to both basic researchers and medical pathologists who are unfamiliar with mouse tissues.
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48
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Johnson DT, Hooker E, Luong R, Yu EJ, He Y, Gonzalgo ML, Sun Z. Conditional Expression of the Androgen Receptor Increases Susceptibility of Bladder Cancer in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148851. [PMID: 26862755 PMCID: PMC4749068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer represents a significant human tumor burden, accounting for about 7.7% and 2.4% of all cancer cases in males and females, respectively. While men have a higher risk of developing bladder cancer, women tend to present at a later stage of disease and with more aggressive tumors. Previous studies have suggested a promotional role of androgen signaling in enhancing bladder cancer development. To directly assess the role of androgens in bladder tumorigenesis, we have developed a novel transgenic mouse strain, R26hARLoxP/+:Upk3aGCE/+, in which the human AR transgene is conditionally expressed in bladder urothelium. Intriguingly, both male and female R26hARLoxP/+:Upk3aGCE/+ mice display a higher incidence of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) than the age and sex matched control littermates in response to the carcinogen, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). We detect expression of the human AR transgene in CK5-positive and p63-positive basal cells in bladder urothelium. Further analyses of UCC tissues from R26hARLoxP/+:Upk3aGCE/+ mice showed that the majority of tumor cells are of urothelial basal cell origin. Positive immunostaining of transgenic AR protein was observed in the majority of tumor cells of the transgenic mice, providing a link between transgenic AR expression and oncogenic transformation. We observed an increase in Ki67 positive cells within the UCC lesions of transgenic AR mice. Manipulating endogenous androgen levels by castration and androgen supplementation directly affected bladder tumor development in male and female R26hARLoxP/+:Upk3aGCE/+ mice, respectively. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that conditional activation of transgenic AR expression in bladder urothelium enhances carciongen-induced bladder tumor formation in mice. This new AR transgenic mouse line mimics certain features of human bladder cancer and can be used to study bladder tumorigenesis and for drug development.
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MESH Headings
- Androgens
- Animals
- Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/etiology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Cell Division
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Drug Implants
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Integrases
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/etiology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Orchiectomy
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Testosterone/administration & dosage
- Transgenes
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/etiology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Uroplakin III/biosynthesis
- Uroplakin III/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Johnson
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305–5328, United States of America
| | - Erika Hooker
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305–5328, United States of America
| | - Richard Luong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305–5328, United States of America
| | - Eun-Jeong Yu
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305–5328, United States of America
| | - Yongfeng He
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305–5328, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Gonzalgo
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305–5328, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Corbin JM, Overcash RF, Wren JD, Coburn A, Tipton GJ, Ezzell JA, McNaughton KK, Fung KM, Kosanke SD, Ruiz-Echevarria MJ. Analysis of TMEFF2 allografts and transgenic mouse models reveals roles in prostate regeneration and cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:97-113. [PMID: 26417683 PMCID: PMC4722803 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous results from our lab indicate a tumor suppressor role for the transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we further characterize this role and uncover new functions for TMEFF2 in cancer and adult prostate regeneration. METHODS The role of TMEFF2 was examined in PCa cells using Matrigel(TM) cultures and allograft models of PCa cells. In addition, we developed a transgenic mouse model that expresses TMEFF2 from a prostate specific promoter. Anatomical, histological, and metabolic characterizations of the transgenic mouse prostate were conducted. The effect of TMEFF2 in prostate regeneration was studied by analyzing branching morphogenesis in the TMEFF2-expressing mouse lobes and alterations in branching morphogenesis were correlated with the metabolomic profiles of the mouse lobes. The role of TMEFF2 in prostate tumorigenesis in whole animals was investigated by crossing the TMEFF2 transgenic mice with the TRAMP mouse model of PCa and analyzing the histopathological changes in the progeny. RESULTS Ectopic expression of TMEFF2 impairs growth of PCa cells in Matrigel or allograft models. Surprisingly, while TMEFF2 expression in the TRAMP mouse did not have a significant effect on the glandular prostate epithelial lesions, the double TRAMP/TMEFF2 transgenic mice displayed an increased incidence of neuroendocrine type tumors. In addition, TMEFF2 promoted increased branching specifically in the dorsal lobe of the prostate suggesting a potential role in developmental processes. These results correlated with data indicating an alteration in the metabolic profile of the dorsal lobe of the transgenic TMEFF2 mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results confirm the tumor suppressor role of TMEFF2 and suggest that ectopic expression of TMEFF2 in mouse prostate leads to additional lobe-specific effects in prostate regeneration and tumorigenesis. This points to a complex and multifunctional role for TMEFF2 during PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM. Corbin
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - RF. Overcash
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - JD. Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A. Coburn
- Department of Comparative Medicine. East Carolina University. Greenville, NC, USA
| | - GJ. Tipton
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - JA. Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - KK. McNaughton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - KM Fung
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - SD. Kosanke
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - MJ Ruiz-Echevarria
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Correspondence to: MJ. Ruiz-Echevarria, Associate Professor of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, 975 N.E. 10th Street, Room 1368A, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104. Phone: (405) 271.1871; Fax: (405) 271.2141.
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50
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Nishan U, Damas-Souza DM, Barbosa GO, Muhammad N, Rahim A, Carvalho HF. New transcription factors involved with postnatal ventral prostate gland development in male Wistar rats during the first week. Life Sci 2015; 143:168-73. [PMID: 26549646 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The high incidence in men of prostatic diseases, including benign and malignant tumors, makes the understanding of prostate development and biology very important. Understanding the organogenesis of the prostate gland has been a substantial challenge as "prostatic code" is not well defined at the present time. The novelty of this work lies in unveiling new transcription factors (TFs) during neonatal ventral prostate (VP) gland development in male Wistar rats. MAIN METHODS The techniques of qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry have been employed to perform this work while the VP gland was obtained from neonatal rats at day zero (the day of birth) day 3 and 6. KEY FINDINGS 16 TFs were studied and we found an increased expression of Eya2, Lhrh and Znf142, invariable levels of Znf703 and Dbp, and decreased expression of 11 others at postnatal development day 3 and 6 as compared to day zero. ZNF703 was found by immunohistochemistry in epithelial cells at days 0, 3 and 6. qRT-PCR for Eya2 and Dmrt2 showed the highest and lowest fold change for them respectively, and immunohistochemistry showed that the former is being expressed at the three selected time points while the latter appears to be diminishing with very few cells expressing it until day 6. SIGNIFICANCE Results from this work is reporting the role of these TFs for the first time and will significantly contribute to the current understanding of the development and branching morphogenesis of the neonatal VP gland during the first week of postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Nishan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Danilo M Damas-Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Oliveira Barbosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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