1
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Crespo-Garcia S, Fournier F, Diaz-Marin R, Klier S, Ragusa D, Masaki L, Cagnone G, Blot G, Hafiane I, Dejda A, Rizk R, Juneau R, Buscarlet M, Chorfi S, Patel P, Beltran PJ, Joyal JS, Rezende FA, Hata M, Nguyen A, Sullivan L, Damiano J, Wilson AM, Mallette FA, David NE, Ghosh A, Tsuruda PR, Dananberg J, Sapieha P. Therapeutic targeting of cellular senescence in diabetic macular edema: preclinical and phase 1 trial results. Nat Med 2024; 30:443-454. [PMID: 38321220 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Compromised vascular endothelial barrier function is a salient feature of diabetic complications such as sight-threatening diabetic macular edema (DME). Current standards of care for DME manage aspects of the disease, but require frequent intravitreal administration and are poorly effective in large subsets of patients. Here we provide evidence that an elevated burden of senescent cells in the retina triggers cardinal features of DME pathology and conduct an initial test of senolytic therapy in patients with DME. In cell culture models, sustained hyperglycemia provoked cellular senescence in subsets of vascular endothelial cells displaying perturbed transendothelial junctions associated with poor barrier function and leading to micro-inflammation. Pharmacological elimination of senescent cells in a mouse model of DME reduces diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage and preserves retinal function. We then conducted a phase 1 single ascending dose safety study of UBX1325 (foselutoclax), a senolytic small-molecule inhibitor of BCL-xL, in patients with advanced DME for whom anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy was no longer considered beneficial. The primary objective of assessment of safety and tolerability of UBX1325 was achieved. Collectively, our data suggest that therapeutic targeting of senescent cells in the diabetic retina with a BCL-xL inhibitor may provide a long-lasting, disease-modifying intervention for DME. This hypothesis will need to be verified in larger clinical trials. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04537884 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- École d'optométrie, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérik Fournier
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roberto Diaz-Marin
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharon Klier
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Derek Ragusa
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Gael Cagnone
- Departments of Pediatrics Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Blot
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ikhlas Hafiane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rana Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Juneau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manuel Buscarlet
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Chorfi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jean-Sebastien Joyal
- Departments of Pediatrics Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Flavio A Rezende
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alex Nguyen
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ariel M Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Toutounchian S, Ahmadbeigi N, Mansouri V. Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatments: The Role of Gene Therapy. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:529-548. [PMID: 36125411 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization in ocular vessels causes a major disease burden. The most common causes of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, which are the leading causes of irreversible vision loss in the adult population. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is critical for the formation of new vessels and is the main regulator in ocular angiogenesis and vascular permeability through its receptors. Laser therapy and antiangiogenic factors have been used for CNV treatment. Bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept are commonly used anti-VEGF agents; however, high costs and the need for frequent intraocular injections are major drawbacks of anti-VEGF drugs. Gene therapy, given the potency of one-time treatment and no need for frequent injections offers the real possibility of such a lasting treatment, with fewer adverse effects and higher patient quality of life. Herein, we reviewed the role of gene therapy in the CNV treatment. In addition, we discuss the advantages and challenges of current treatments compared with gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Toutounchian
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Florentin J, O'Neil SP, Ohayon LL, Uddin A, Vasamsetti SB, Arunkumar A, Ghosh S, Boatz JC, Sui J, Kliment CR, Chan SY, Dutta P. VEGF Receptor 1 Promotes Hypoxia-Induced Hematopoietic Progenitor Proliferation and Differentiation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882484. [PMID: 35634304 PMCID: PMC9133347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well known that hypoxia incites unleashed cellular inflammation, the mechanisms of exaggerated cellular inflammation in hypoxic conditions are not known. We observed augmented proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), precursors of inflammatory leukocytes, in mice under hypoxia. Consistently, a transcriptomic analysis of human HSPC exposed to hypoxic conditions revealed elevated expression of genes involved in progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, bone marrow cells in mice expressed high amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and HSPC elevated VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFr1) and its target genes in hypoxic conditions. In line with this, VEGFr1 blockade in vivo and in vitro decreased HSPC proliferation and attenuated inflammation. In silico and ChIP experiments demonstrated that HIF-1α binds to the promoter region of VEGFR1. Correspondingly, HIF1a silencing decreased VEGFr1 expression in HSPC and diminished their proliferation. These results indicate that VEGF signaling in HSPC is an important mediator of their proliferation and differentiation in hypoxia-induced inflammation and represents a potential therapeutic target to prevent aberrant inflammation in hypoxia-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Florentin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Scott P O'Neil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lee L Ohayon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Afaz Uddin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anagha Arunkumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samit Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer C Boatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Justin Sui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Corrine R Kliment
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Partha Dutta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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4
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Coronado BNL, da Cunha FBS, de Oliveira RM, Nóbrega ODT, Ricart CAO, Fontes W, de Sousa MV, de Ávila MP, Martins AMA. Novel Possible Protein Targets in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Pilot Study Experiment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:692272. [PMID: 35155457 PMCID: PMC8828634 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.692272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is among the world's leading causes of blindness. In its neovascular form (nAMD), around 25% of patients present further anatomical and visual deterioration due to persistence of neovascular activity, despite gold-standard treatment protocols using intravitreal anti-VEGF medications. Thus, to comprehend, the molecular pathways that drive choroidal neoangiogenesis, associated with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are important steps to elucidate the mechanistic events underneath the disease development. This is a pilot study, a prospective, translational experiment, in a real-life context aiming to evaluate the protein profiles of the aqueous humor of 15 patients divided into three groups: group 1, composed of patients with nAMD, who demonstrated a good response to anti-VEGF intravitreal injections during follow-up (good responsive); group 2, composed of patients with anti-VEGF-resistant nAMD, who demonstrated choroidal neovascularization activity during follow-up (poor/non-responsive); and group 3, composed of control patients without systemic diseases or signs of retinopathy. For proteomic characterization of the groups, mass spectrometry (label-free LC-MS/MS) was used. A total of 2,336 proteins were identified, of which 185 were distinctly regulated and allowed the differentiation of the clinical conditions analyzed. Among those, 39 proteins, including some novel ones, were analyzed as potential disease effectors through their pathophysiological implications in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, complement system, inflammatory pathways, and angiogenesis. So, this study suggests the participation of other promising biomarkers in neovascular AMD, in addition to the known VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nobre Lins Coronado
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, CESMAC University Center, Maceio, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bruno Nobre Lins Coronado
| | | | - Raphaela Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos André Ornelas Ricart
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Valle de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Maria Araújo Martins
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University Center of Brasilia (UniCEUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Aline Maria Araújo Martins
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5
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Andriessen EMMA, Binet F, Fournier F, Hata M, Dejda A, Mawambo G, Crespo‐Garcia S, Pilon F, Buscarlet M, Beauchemin K, Bougie V, Cumberlidge G, Wilson AM, Bourgault S, Rezende FA, Beaulieu N, Delisle J, Sapieha P. Myeloid-resident neuropilin-1 promotes choroidal neovascularization while mitigating inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e11754. [PMID: 33876574 PMCID: PMC8103107 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in its various forms is a leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Here, we provide evidence that ligands for neuropilin-1 (NRP1), such as Semaphorin 3A and VEGF-A, are elevated in the vitreous of patients with AMD at times of active choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We further demonstrate that NRP1-expressing myeloid cells promote and maintain CNV. Expression of NRP1 on cells of myeloid lineage is critical for mitigating production of inflammatory factors such as IL6 and IL1β. Therapeutically trapping ligands of NRP1 with an NRP1-derived trap reduces CNV. Collectively, our findings identify a role for NRP1-expressing myeloid cells in promoting pathological angiogenesis during CNV and introduce a therapeutic approach to counter neovascular AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Binet
- SemaThera Inc.MontrealQCCanada
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Frédérik Fournier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Gaëlle Mawambo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Sergio Crespo‐Garcia
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Frédérique Pilon
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Manuel Buscarlet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | | | | | | | - Ariel M Wilson
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Department of ChemistryUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Flavio A Rezende
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | | | - Jean‐Sébastien Delisle
- Department of MedicineMaisonneuve‐Rosemont Hospital Research CentreUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
- SemaThera Inc.MontrealQCCanada
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
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6
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Dong X, Lei Y, Yu Z, Wang T, Liu Y, Han G, Zhang X, Li Y, Song Y, Xu H, Du M, Yin H, Wang X, Yan H. Exosome-mediated delivery of an anti-angiogenic peptide inhibits pathological retinal angiogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5107-5126. [PMID: 33859737 PMCID: PMC8039955 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pathological angiogenesis is the hallmark of many vision-threatening diseases. Anti-VEGF is a primary treatment with substantial beneficial effects. However, such agents require frequent intravitreal injections. Our previous work established a method for effectively modifying exosomes (EXOs) for loading therapeutic peptides. Here, we used this system to load the anti-angiogenic peptide KV11, aiming to establish an EXO-based therapy strategy to suppress neovascularization in the retina. Methods: Using an anchoring peptide, CP05, we linked KV11 to endothelial cell (EC) derived EXOs, yielding EXOKV11. We tested the delivery efficiency of EXOKV11 via two commonly used ocular injection methods: retro-orbital injection and intravitreal injection. Deploying an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model and a VEGF injection model, we tested the effects of EXOKV11 on neovascular formation, EC proliferation, and vascular permeability. In vitro experiments were used to test the mechanism and to analyze the effects of EXOKV11 on EC proliferation, migration, and sprouting. Results: By using the EXO loading system, KV11 was more efficiently delivered to the blood vessels of the mouse retina via retro-orbital injection. In both OIR model and VEGF injection model, EXOKV11 was more effective than KV11 alone in inhibiting neovascularization and vessel leakage. The therapeutic effect of retro-orbital injection of EXOKV11 was comparable to the intravitreal injection of VEGF-trap. Mechanistically, KV11 alone inhibited VEGF-downstream signaling, while EXOKV11 showed a stronger effect. Conclusions: We used EXOs as a carrier for intraocular delivery of KV11. We showed that KV11 itself has an anti-angiogenic effect through retro-orbital injection, but that this effect was greatly enhanced when delivered with EXOs. Thus, this system has the potential to treat proliferative retinopathy via retro-orbital injection which is a less invasive manner compared with intravitreal injection.
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7
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Ramshekar A, Hartnett ME. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling in Models of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy: Insights Into Mechanisms of Pathology in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:796143. [PMID: 34956992 PMCID: PMC8696159 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.796143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in children worldwide. Blindness can occur from retinal detachment caused by pathologic retinal angiogenesis into the vitreous, termed intravitreal neovascularization (IVNV). Although agents that interfere with the bioactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are now used to treat IVNV, concerns exist regarding the identification of optimal doses of anti-VEGF for individual infants and the effect of broad VEGF inhibition on physiologic angiogenesis in external organs or in the retina of a preterm infant. Therefore, it is important to understand VEGF signaling in both physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis in the retina. In this manuscript, we review the role of receptors that interact with VEGF in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) models that represent features of ROP pathology. Specifically, we discuss our work regarding the regulation of VEGFR2 signaling in retinal endothelial cells to not only reduce severe ROP but also facilitate physiologic retinal vascular and neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Ramshekar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - M Elizabeth Hartnett
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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8
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Bürger S, Meng J, Zwanzig A, Beck M, Pankonin M, Wiedemann P, Eichler W, Unterlauft JD. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) Receptors Are Involved in Survival of Retinal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E369. [PMID: 33396450 PMCID: PMC7795132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The demise of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is characteristic of diseases of the retina such as glaucoma and diabetic or ischemic retinopathies. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional secreted protein that mediates neuroprotection and inhibition of angiogenesis in the retina. We have studied expression and regulation of two of several receptors for PEDF, patatin-like phospholipase 2 gene product/PEDF-R and laminin receptor (LR), in serum-starved RGC under normoxia and hypoxia and investigated their involvement in the survival of retinal neuronal cells. We show that PEDF-R and LR are co-expressed in RGC and R28 retinal precursor cells. Expression of both receptors was enhanced in the presence of complex secretions from retinal glial (Müller) cells and upregulated by VEGF and under hypoxic conditions. PEDF-R- and LR-knocked-down cells demonstrated a markedly attenuated expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and neuroprotective mediators (PEDF, VEGF, BDNF) suggesting that both PEDF-R and LR mediate pro-survival effects of PEDF on RGC. While this study does not provide evidence for a differential survival-promoting influence of either PEDF-R or LR, it nevertheless highlights the importance of both PEDF receptors for the viability of retinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wolfram Eichler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 10-14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.B.); (J.M.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (P.W.); (J.D.U.)
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9
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Ménard C, Wilson AM, Dejda A, Miloudi K, Binet F, Crespo-Garcia S, Parinot C, Pilon F, Juneau R, Andriessen EM, Mawambo G, SanGiovanni JP, De Guire V, Sapieha P. miR-106b suppresses pathological retinal angiogenesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24836-24852. [PMID: 33361521 PMCID: PMC7803573 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. We recently demonstrated that levels of miR-106b were significantly decreased in the vitreous and plasma of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here we show that expression of the miR-106b-25 cluster is negatively regulated by the unfolded protein response pathway of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) in a mouse model of neovascular AMD. A reduction in levels of miR-106b triggers vascular growth both in vivo and in vitro by inducing production of pro-angiogenic factors. We demonstrate that therapeutic delivery of miR-106b to the retina with lentiviral vectors protects against aberrant retinal angiogenesis in two distinct mouse models of pathological retinal neovascularization. Results from this study suggest that miRNAs such as miR-106b have the potential to be used as multitarget therapeutics for conditions characterized by pathological retinal angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ménard
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ariel M Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khalil Miloudi
- Department of Neurology-Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Binet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Célia Parinot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Pilon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Juneau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Mma Andriessen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaëlle Mawambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Vincent De Guire
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology-Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Brockhaus K, Melkonyan H, Prokosch-Willing V, Liu H, Thanos S. Alterations in Tight- and Adherens-Junction Proteins Related to Glaucoma Mimicked in the Organotypically Cultivated Mouse Retina Under Elevated Pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:46. [PMID: 32207812 PMCID: PMC7401456 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To scrutinize alterations in cellular interactions and cell signaling in the glaucomatous retina, mouse retinal explants were exposed to elevated pressure. Methods Retinal explants were prepared from C57bl6 mice and cultivated in a pressure chamber under normotensive (atmospheric pressure + 0 mm Hg), moderately elevated (30 mm Hg), and highly elevated (60 mm Hg) pressure conditions. The expression levels of proteins involved in the formation of tight junctions (zonula occludens 1 [ZO-1], occludin, and claudin-5) and adherens junctions (VE-cadherin and β-catenin) and in cell-signaling cascades (Cdc42 and activated Cdc42 kinase 1 [ACK1]), as well as the expression levels of the growth-factor receptors platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2) and of diverse intracellular proteins (β-III-tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein transcript variant 1, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and von Willebrand factor VIII), were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results The retinal explants were well preserved when cultured in the pressure chambers used in this study. The responses to pressure elevation varied among diverse retinal cells. Under elevated pressure, the expression of ZO-1 increased in the large vessels, neuronal cells began to express VEGFR-1, and the Cdc42 expression in the optic nerve head was downregulated. Overall we found significant transcriptional downregulation of VE-cadherin, β-catenin, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, vimentin, Cdc42, and ACK1. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry indicated a loss of VE-cadherin with pressure elevation, whereas the protein levels of ZO-1, occludin, VEGFR-1, and ACK1 increased. Conclusions The pressure chamber used for cultivating mouse retinal explants can serve as an in vitro model system for investigating molecular alterations in glaucoma. In this system, responses of the entire retinal cells toward elevated pressure with conspicuous changes in the vasculature and the optic nerve head can be seen. In particular, our investigations indicate that changes in the blood–retina barrier and in cellular signaling are induced by pressure elevation.
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11
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Corneal Wound Repair. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5738510. [PMID: 31885617 PMCID: PMC6925772 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5738510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the immunoregulation potential, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used for tissue regeneration by relieving inflammation in the injured tissues. When this repair process is interfered by immune disorders or pathological angiogenesis, the delays in corneal epithelial wound healing can lead to a persistent epithelial defect. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry abundant bioactive molecules from stem cells, have provided an alternative to regeneration therapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate if EVs from human placenta-derived MSCs (hP-MSCs) could ameliorate alkali injury of the cornea in the mouse model. 33.33 μg/μL EVs in 10 μL PBS were applied to the cornea. Repeat application three times, and 100 μg EVs (in 30 μL PBS) in total were administrated per day for two weeks. Our results revealed that EVs from hP-MSCs had preferable functions including enhancing proliferation and anti-inflammation and suppressing apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells. Furthermore, hP-MSC-derived EVs ameliorated mouse corneal wound healing by inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammation. Taken together, our current data suggested that hP-MSC-derived EVs have the beneficial effects of corneal wound healing, which provide alternative cell-free therapy with great practical value.
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12
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Doronzo G, Astanina E, Corà D, Chiabotto G, Comunanza V, Noghero A, Neri F, Puliafito A, Primo L, Spampanato C, Settembre C, Ballabio A, Camussi G, Oliviero S, Bussolino F. TFEB controls vascular development by regulating the proliferation of endothelial cells. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201798250. [PMID: 30591554 PMCID: PMC6356157 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor TFEB is thought to control cellular functions—including in the vascular bed—primarily via regulation of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux. Here, we report that TFEB also orchestrates a non‐canonical program that controls the cell cycle/VEGFR2 pathway in the developing vasculature. In endothelial cells, TFEB depletion halts proliferation at the G1‐S transition by inhibiting the CDK4/Rb pathway. TFEB‐deficient cells attempt to compensate for this limitation by increasing VEGFR2 levels at the plasma membrane via microRNA‐mediated mechanisms and controlled membrane trafficking. TFEB stimulates expression of the miR‐15a/16‐1 cluster, which limits VEGFR2 transcript stability and negatively modulates expression of MYO1C, a regulator of VEGFR2 trafficking to the cell surface. Altered levels of miR‐15a/16‐1 and MYO1C in TFEB‐depleted cells cause increased expression of plasma membrane VEGFR2, but in a manner associated with low signaling strength. An endothelium‐specific Tfeb‐knockout mouse model displays defects in fetal and newborn mouse vasculature caused by reduced endothelial proliferation and by anomalous function of the VEGFR2 pathway. These previously unrecognized functions of TFEB expand its role beyond regulation of the autophagic pathway in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Comunanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alessio Noghero
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Alberto Puliafito
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Luca Primo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carmine Spampanato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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13
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Wilson AM, Mazzaferri J, Bergeron É, Patskovsky S, Marcoux-Valiquette P, Costantino S, Sapieha P, Meunier M. In Vivo Laser-Mediated Retinal Ganglion Cell Optoporation Using K V1.1 Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6981-6988. [PMID: 30285455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vision loss caused by retinal diseases affects hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. The retina is a delicate central nervous system tissue stratified into layers of cells with distinct roles. Currently, there is a void in treatments that selectively target diseased retinal cells, and current therapeutic paradigms present complications associated with off-target effects. Herein, as a proof of concept, we introduce an in vivo method using a femtosecond laser to locally optoporate retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) targeted with functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We provide evidence that AuNPs functionalized with an antibody toward the cell-surface voltage-gated K+ channel subunit KV1.1 can selectively deliver fluorescently tagged siRNAs or fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran dye into retinal cells when irradiated with an 800 nm 100 fs laser. Importantly, neither AuNP administration nor irradiation resulted in RGC death. This system provides a novel, non-viral-based approach that has the potential to selectively target retinal cells in diseased regions while sparing healthy areas and may be harnessed in future cell-specific therapies for retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M Wilson
- Department of Engineering Physics , Polytechnique Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3A7
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Department of Engineering Physics , Polytechnique Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3A7
| | - Sergiy Patskovsky
- Department of Engineering Physics , Polytechnique Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3A7
| | - Paule Marcoux-Valiquette
- Department of Engineering Physics , Polytechnique Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3A7
| | | | | | - Michel Meunier
- Department of Engineering Physics , Polytechnique Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3A7
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14
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An H, Lee S, Lee JM, Jo DH, Kim J, Jeong YS, Heo MJ, Cho CS, Choi H, Seo JH, Hwang S, Lim J, Kim T, Jun HO, Sim J, Lim C, Hur J, Ahn J, Kim HS, Seo SY, Na Y, Kim SH, Lee J, Lee J, Chung SJ, Kim YM, Kim KW, Kim SG, Kim JH, Suh YG. Novel Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) Inhibitors for Angiogenesis-Related Ocular Diseases: Discovery of a Novel Scaffold via Ring-Truncation Strategy. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9266-9286. [PMID: 30252468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases featuring pathologic neovascularization are the leading cause of blindness, and anti-VEGF agents have been conventionally used to treat these diseases. Recently, regulating factors upstream of VEGF, such as HIF-1α, have emerged as a desirable therapeutic approach because the use of anti-VEGF agents is currently being reconsidered due to the VEGF action as a trophic factor. Here, we report a novel scaffold discovered through the complete structure-activity relationship of ring-truncated deguelin analogs in HIF-1α inhibition. Interestingly, analog 6i possessing a 2-fluorobenzene moiety instead of a dimethoxybenzene moiety exhibited excellent HIF-1α inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 100 nM. In particular, the further ring-truncated analog 34f, which showed enhanced HIF-1α inhibitory activity compared to analog 2 previously reported by us, inhibited in vitro angiogenesis and effectively suppressed hypoxia-mediated retinal neovascularization. Importantly, the heteroatom-substituted benzene ring as a key structural feature of analog 34f was identified as a novel scaffold for HIF-1α inhibitors that can be used in lieu of a chromene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchan An
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbeom Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joohwan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Kangwon National University , Gangwon-do 24341 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Seong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Heo
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sik Cho
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Oh Jun
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Sim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy , CHA University , Gyeonggi-do 11160 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy , CHA University , Gyeonggi-do 11160 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseong Hur
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy , CHA University , Gyeonggi-do 11160 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- College of Pharmacy , Gachon University , Incheon 21936 , Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy , CHA University , Gyeonggi-do 11160 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy , CHA University , Gyeonggi-do 11160 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jae Chung
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Kangwon National University , Gangwon-do 24341 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul 03080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy , CHA University , Gyeonggi-do 11160 , Republic of Korea
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15
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Joly S, Dejda A, Rodriguez L, Sapieha P, Pernet V. Nogo-A inhibits vascular regeneration in ischemic retinopathy. Glia 2018; 66:2079-2093. [PMID: 30051920 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nogo-A is a potent glial-derived inhibitor of axon growth in the injured CNS and acts as a negative regulator of developmental angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial cell migration. However, its function in pathological angiogenesis has never been studied after ischemic injury in the CNS. Using the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) which yields defined zones of retinal ischemia, our goal was to investigate the role of Nogo-A in vascular regeneration. We demonstrate a marked upregulation of the Nogo-A receptor sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 in blood vessels following OIR, while Nogo-A is abundantly expressed in surrounding glial cells. Acute inhibition of Nogo-A with function-blocking antibody 11C7 significantly improved vascular regeneration and consequently prevented pathological pre-retinal angiogenesis. Ultimately, inhibition of Nogo-A led to restoration of retinal function as determined by electrophysiological response of retinal cells to light stimulation. Our data suggest that anti-Nogo-A antibody may protect neuronal cells from ischemic damage by accelerating blood vessel repair in the CNS. Targeting Nogo-A by immunotherapy may improve CNS perfusion after vascular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Joly
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Léa Rodriguez
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Pernet
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Morita A, Sawada S, Mori A, Arima S, Sakamoto K, Nagamitsu T, Nakahara T. Establishment of an abnormal vascular patterning model in the mouse retina. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 136:177-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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17
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Refractive and Biometric Outcomes in Patients with Retinopathy of Prematurity Treated with Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab as Compared with Bevacizumab: A Clinical Study of Correction at Three Years of Age. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:4565216. [PMID: 29713524 PMCID: PMC5866885 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4565216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare refractive and biometric outcomes in patients with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) versus bevacizumab (IVB), at a corrected age of 3 years. Methods A retrospective case series compared cycloplegic refractive statuses and biometric statuses in patients who received either IVR or IVB for type 1 ROP, from April 2011 to April 2014. Results A total of 62 eyes (33 patients) with type 1 ROP were evaluated (26 eyes in 13 IVR patients and 36 eyes in 20 IVB patients). There were no differences in birth statuses including gestational age and birth body weight between the two groups. The prevalence of refractive error greater than 1 D was higher in the IVB group (p = 0.03), and there was a higher prevalence of high myopia (<-5.0 D, p = 0.03) in the IVB group. Comparisons in biometric finding showed that IVB patients had shallower anterior chamber depth (p = 0.01). Conclusion Both IVR and IVB showed low refractive errors, even followed at the corrected age of 3 years. No difference was noted between the two groups in refractive statuses. However, IVB was associated with shallower anterior chamber and higher prevalence of refractive error at the corrected age of 3 years. This trial is registered with NCT03334513.
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18
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Joyal JS, Gantner ML, Smith LEH. Retinal energy demands control vascular supply of the retina in development and disease: The role of neuronal lipid and glucose metabolism. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 64:131-156. [PMID: 29175509 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Qc, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
| | - Marin L Gantner
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA 02115, United States.
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19
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Dailey WA, Drenser KA, Wong SC, Cheng M, Vercellone J, Roumayah KK, Feeney EV, Deshpande M, Guzman AE, Trese M, Mitton KP. Norrin treatment improves ganglion cell survival in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model of retinal ischemia. Exp Eye Res 2017; 164:129-138. [PMID: 28823941 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) with recombinant human Norrin (Norrie Disease Protein, gene: NDP) accelerates regrowth of the microvasculature into central ischemic regions of the neural retina, which are generated after treatment with 75% oxygen. While this reduces the average duration and severity of ischemia overall, we do not know if this accelerated recovery of the microvasculature results in any significant survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate ganglion cell survival with and without the intravitreal injection of Norrin in the murine model of oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR), using two strains of mice: C57BL/6J and Thy1-YFP mice. Intravitreal injections of Norrin or vehicle were done after five days of exposure to 75% oxygen from ages P7 to P12. The C57BL/J mice were followed by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), and the average nerve fiber layer (NFL) and inner-plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses were measured at twenty-four locations per retina at P42. Additionally, some C57BL/J retinas were flat mounted and immunostained for the RGC marker, Brn3a, to compare the population density of surviving retinal ganglion cells. Using homozygous Thy1-YFP mice, single intrinsically fluorescent RGCs were imaged in live animals with a Micron-III imaging system at ages P21, 28 and P42. The relative percentage of YFP-fluorescent RGCs with dendritic arbors were compared. At age P42, the NFL was thicker in Norrin-injected OIR eyes, 14.4 μm, compared to Vehicle-injected OIR eyes, 13.3 μm (p = 0.01). In the superior retina, the average thickness of the IPL was greater in Norrin-injected OIR eyes, 37.7 μm, compared to Vehicle-injected OIR eyes, 34.6 μm (p = 0.04). Retinas from Norrin injected OIR mice had significantly more surviving RGCs (p = 0.03) than vehicle-injected mice. Based upon NFL thickness and counts of RGCs, we conclude that Norrin treatment, early in the ischemic phase, increased the relative population density of surviving RGCs in the central retinas of OIR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Dailey
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Kimberly A Drenser
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States; Associated Retinal Consultants, Novi, MI, United States
| | - Sui Chien Wong
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Mei Cheng
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Joseph Vercellone
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Kevin K Roumayah
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Erin V Feeney
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Mrinalini Deshpande
- Control of Gene Expression Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, United States
| | - Alvaro E Guzman
- Control of Gene Expression Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, United States
| | - Michael Trese
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States; Associated Retinal Consultants, Novi, MI, United States
| | - Kenneth P Mitton
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States; Control of Gene Expression Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, United States.
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20
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Schlecht A, Leimbeck SV, Jägle H, Feuchtinger A, Tamm ER, Braunger BM. Deletion of Endothelial Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Leads to Choroidal Neovascularization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2570-2589. [PMID: 28823871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), an angiogenic process that critically contributes to vision loss in age-related macular degeneration, is unclear. Herein, we analyzed the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling for CNV formation by generating a series of mutant mouse models with induced conditional deletion of TGF-β signaling in the entire eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), or the vascular endothelium. Deletion of TGF-β signaling in the eye caused CNV, irrespectively if it was ablated in newborn or 3-week-old mice. Areas of CNV showed photoreceptor degeneration, multilayered RPE, basal lamina deposits, and accumulations of monocytes/macrophages. The changes progressed, leading to marked structural and functional alterations of the retina. Although the specific deletion of TGF-β signaling in the RPE caused no obvious changes, specific deletion in vascular endothelial cells caused CNV and a phenotype similar to that observed after the deletion in the entire eye. We conclude that impairment of TGF-β signaling in the vascular endothelium of the eye is sufficient to trigger CNV formation. Our findings highlight the importance of TGF-β signaling as a key player in the development of ocular neovascularization and indicate a fundamental role of TGF-β signaling in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schlecht
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah V Leimbeck
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Jägle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst R Tamm
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Barbara M Braunger
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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21
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Liu CH, Wang Z, Sun Y, Chen J. Animal models of ocular angiogenesis: from development to pathologies. FASEB J 2017; 31:4665-4681. [PMID: 28739642 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700336r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis in the eye is an important feature in the pathophysiology of many vision-threatening diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as corneal diseases with abnormal angiogenesis. Development of reproducible and reliable animal models of ocular angiogenesis has advanced our understanding of both the normal development and the pathobiology of ocular neovascularization. These models have also proven to be valuable experimental tools with which to easily evaluate potential antiangiogenic therapies beyond eye research. This review summarizes the current available animal models of ocular angiogenesis. Models of retinal and choroidal angiogenesis, including oxygen-induced retinopathy, laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, and transgenic mouse models with deficient or spontaneous retinal/choroidal neovascularization, as well as models with induced corneal angiogenesis, are widely used to investigate the molecular and cellular basis of angiogenic mechanisms. Theoretical concepts and experimental protocols of these models are outlined, as well as their advantages and potential limitations, which may help researchers choose the most suitable models for their investigative work.-Liu, C.-H., Wang, Z., Sun, Y., Chen, J. Animal models of ocular angiogenesis: from development to pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Ayar O, Alpay A, Koban Y, Akdemir MO, Yazgan S, Canturk Ugurbas S, Ugurbas SH. The Effect of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Patients Diagnosed with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion. Curr Eye Res 2017. [PMID: 28632411 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1313430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a single dose of intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in a 6-month period. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective observational study included the patients with BRVO who received intravitreal DEX implant and whose assessment included the baseline RNFL thickness measurements. The data of 26 eyes of 24 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Spectral domain optic coherence tomography was used to measure peripapillary RNFL thickness in six regional subfields. Intraocular pressure (IOP) values at each visit were recorded. The data of single dose DEX implant during 6 months were assessed. RESULTS The mean preoperative and postoperative 6th month nasal RNFL values were 85.4 ± 23.0 μm and 82.1 ± 17.6 μm, respectively, and the difference between the measurements was not statistically significant (p = 0.372). There was a slight decrease in the mean RNFL values postoperatively compared to the baseline values in all quadrants except supero-temporal quadrant; however, none of them reached statistically significant level (p > 0.05). The mean IOP values before and 6 months after implantation were 15.7 ± 2.9 mmHg and 16.5 ± 4.2 mmHg, respectively. The difference between the 6th month IOP values and baseline IOP values was not statistically significant (p = 0.236). CONCLUSION Intravitreal DEX implant seems to have no adverse effect on RNFL thickness in BRVO patients in a 6-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Ayar
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology , Bulent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Atilla Alpay
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology , Bulent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Yaran Koban
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology , Kafkas University , Kars , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Orcun Akdemir
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology , Bulent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Serpil Yazgan
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology , Bulent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Sılay Canturk Ugurbas
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology , Bulent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Suat Hayri Ugurbas
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology , Bulent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey
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23
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Zhang S, Zhou R, Li B, Li H, Wang Y, Gu X, Tang L, Wang C, Zhong D, Ge Y, Huo Y, Lin J, Liu XL, Chen JF. Caffeine preferentially protects against oxygen-induced retinopathy. FASEB J 2017; 31:3334-3348. [PMID: 28420694 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601285r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of childhood blindness, but current anti-VEGF therapy is concerned with delayed retinal vasculature, eye, and brain development of preterm infants. The clinical observation of reduced ROP severity in premature infants after caffeine treatment for apnea suggests that caffeine may protect against ROP. Here, we demonstrate that caffeine did not interfere with normal retinal vascularization development but selectively protected against oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in mice. Moreover, caffeine attenuated not only hypoxia-induced pathologic angiogenesis, but also hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration, which suggests a novel protection window by caffeine. At the hyperoxic phase, caffeine reduced oxygen-induced neural apoptosis by adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-dependent mechanism, as revealed by combined caffeine and A2AR-knockout treatment. At the hypoxic phase, caffeine reduced microglial activation and enhanced tip cell formation by A2AR-dependent and -independent mechanisms, as combined caffeine and A2AR knockout produced additive and nearly full protection against OIR. Together with clinical use of caffeine in neonates, our demonstration of the selective protection against OIR, effective therapeutic window, adenosine receptor mechanisms, and neuroglial involvement provide the direct evidence of the novel effects of caffeine therapy in the prevention and treatment of ROP.-Zhang, S., Zhou, R., Li, B., Li, H., Wang, Y., Gu, X., Tang, L., Wang, C., Zhong, D., Ge, Y., Huo, Y., Lin, J., Liu, X.-L., Chen, J.-F. Caffeine preferentially protects against oxygen-induced retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Gu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cun Wang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingjuan Zhong
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Drug Discovery Center, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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24
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Chen JF, Zhang S, Zhou R, Lin Z, Cai X, Lin J, Huo Y, Liu X. Adenosine receptors and caffeine in retinopathy of prematurity. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:118-125. [PMID: 28088487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of childhood blindness in the world and is caused by oxygen-induced damage to the developing retinal vasculature, resulting in hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration and subsequent delayed retinal vascularization and hypoxia-induced pathological neovascularization driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway in retina. Current anti-VEGF therapy has shown some effective in a clinical trial, but is associated with the unintended effects on delayed eye growth and retinal vasculature development of preterm infants. Notably, cellular responses to hypoxia are characterized by robust increases in extracellular adenosine production and the markedly induced adenosine receptors, which provide a novel target for preferential control of pathological angiogenesis without affecting normal vascular development. Here, we review the experimental evidence in support of adenosine receptor-based therapeutic strategy for ROP, including the aberrant adenosine signaling in oxygen-induced retinopathy and the role of three adenosine receptor subtypes (A1R, A2AR, A2BR) in development and treatment of ROP using oxygen-induced retinopathy models. The clinical and initial animal evidence that implicate the therapeutic effect of caffeine (a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist) in treatment of ROP are highlighted. Lastly, we discussed the translational potential as well therapeutic advantage of adenosine receptor- and caffeine-based therapy for ROR and possibly other proliferative retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Lajko M, Cardona HJ, Taylor JM, Shah RS, Farrow KN, Fawzi AA. Hyperoxia-Induced Proliferative Retinopathy: Early Interruption of Retinal Vascular Development with Severe and Irreversible Neurovascular Disruption. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166886. [PMID: 27861592 PMCID: PMC5115836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity in premature infants, occurring as a result of arrested lung development combined with multiple postnatal insults. Infants with BPD exposed to supplemental oxygen are at risk of retinopathy of prematurity as well. Thus, we studied the effects of hyperoxia on the retinal vasculature in a murine model of BPD. The retinal phenotype of this model, which we termed hyperoxia-induced proliferative retinopathy (HIPR), shows severe disruption of retinal vasculature and loss of vascular patterning, disorganized intra-retinal angiogenesis, inflammation and retinal detachment. Neonatal mice were subjected to 75% oxygen exposure from postnatal day (P)0 to P14 to model BPD, then allowed to recover in room air for 1 (P15), 7 (P21), or 14 days (P28). We quantified retinal thickness, protein levels of HIF-1α, NOX2, and VEGF, and examined the cellular locations of these proteins by immunohistochemistry. We examined the retinal blood vessel integrity and inflammatory markers, including macrophages (F4/80) and lymphocytes (CD45R). Compared to controls, normal retinal vascular development was severely disrupted and replaced by a disorganized sheet of intra-retinal angiogenesis in the HIPR mice. At all time-points, HIPR showed persistent hyaloidal vasculature and a significantly thinner central retina compared to controls. HIF-1α protein levels were increased at P15, while VEGF levels continued to increase until P21. Intra-retinal fibrinogen was observed at P21 followed by sub-retinal deposition in at P28. Inflammatory lymphocytes and macrophages were observed at P21 and P28, respectively. This model presents a severe phenotype of disrupted retinal vascular development, intra-retinal angiogenesis inflammation and retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lajko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Herminio J. Cardona
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Joann M. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Ronil S. Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Kathryn N. Farrow
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Amani A. Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- * E-mail:
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26
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Moran EP, Wang Z, Chen J, Sapieha P, Smith LEH, Ma JX. Neurovascular cross talk in diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H738-49. [PMID: 27473938 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00005.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population in developed countries, and its prevalence will increase as the global incidence of diabetes grows exponentially. DR begins with an early nonproliferative stage in which retinal blood vessels and neurons degenerate as a consequence of chronic hyperglycemia, resulting in vasoregression and persistent retinal ischemia, metabolic disequilibrium, and inflammation. This is conducive to overcompensatory pathological neovascularization associated with advanced proliferative DR. Although DR is considered a microvascular complication, the retinal microvasculature is intimately associated with and governed by neurons and glia; neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and dysregulation of neurovascular cross talk are responsible in part for vascular abnormalities in both early nonproliferative DR and advanced proliferative DR. Neuronal activity directly regulates microvascular dilation and blood flow in the process of neurovascular coupling. Retinal neurons also secrete guidance cues in response to injury, ischemia, or metabolic stress that may either promote or suppress vascular outgrowth, either alleviating or exacerbating DR, contingent on the stage of disease and retinal microenvironment. Neurodegeneration, impaired neurovascular coupling, and dysregulation of neuronal guidance cues are key events in the pathogenesis of DR, and correcting these events may prevent or delay development of advanced DR. The review discusses the mechanisms of neurovascular cross talk and its dysregulation in DR, and their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Moran
- Depatment of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Depatment of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;
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27
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Miloudi K, Binet F, Wilson A, Cerani A, Oubaha M, Menard C, Henriques S, Mawambo G, Dejda A, Nguyen PT, Rezende FA, Bourgault S, Kennedy TE, Sapieha P. Truncated netrin-1 contributes to pathological vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3006-22. [PMID: 27400127 DOI: 10.1172/jci84767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. Impaired blood-retinal barrier function leads to macular edema that is closely associated with the deterioration of central vision. We previously demonstrated that the neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 activates a program of reparative angiogenesis in microglia within the ischemic retina. Here, we provide evidence in both vitreous humor of diabetic patients and in retina of a murine model of diabetes that netrin-1 is metabolized into a bioactive fragment corresponding to domains VI and V of the full-length molecule. In contrast to the protective effects of full-length netrin-1 on retinal microvasculature, the VI-V fragment promoted vascular permeability through the uncoordinated 5B (UNC5B) receptor. The collagenase matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9), which is increased in patients with diabetic macular edema, was capable of cleaving netrin-1 into the VI-V fragment. Thus, MMP-9 may release netrin-1 fragments from the extracellular matrix and facilitate diffusion. Nonspecific inhibition of collagenases or selective inhibition of MMP-9 decreased pathological vascular permeability in a murine model of diabetic retinal edema. This study reveals that netrin-1 degradation products are capable of modulating vascular permeability, suggesting that these fragments are of potential therapeutic interest for the treatment of DR.
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28
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of the retinal pigment epithelium causes choriocapillaris atrophy. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:769-780. [PMID: 27372654 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is commonly observed at sites of choroidal neovascularization in patients suffering from age-related macular degeneration. To learn in an experimental model how RPE EMT affects the biology of the choroidal vasculature, we studied transgenic mice (βB1-TGF-β1) with ocular overexpression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). RPE EMT was detectable at postnatal day (P)1 and included marked structural and functional alterations such as loss of the outer blood-retina barrier and reduced mRNA expression of the RPE-characteristic molecules Rlbp1, Rpe65, Rbp1 and Vegfa. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was not detectable by immunohistochemistry at the RPE/choroid interface, while RPE cells stained intensely for α-smooth muscle actin. The choriocapillaris, the characteristic choroidal capillary network adjacent to the RPE, developed normally and was not obviously changed in embryonic transgenic eyes but was absent at P1 indicating its atrophy. At around the same time, photoreceptors stopped to differentiate and photoreceptor apoptosis was abundant in the second week of life. Structural changes were also seen in the retinal vasculature of transgenic animals, which did not form intraretinal vessels, and the hyaloid vasculature, which did not regress. In addition, the amounts of retinal HIF-1α and its mRNA were markedly reduced. We conclude that high amounts of active TGF-β1 in the mouse eye cause transdifferentiation of the RPE to a mesenchymal phenotype. The loss of epithelial differentiation leads to the diminished synthesis of RPE-characteristic molecules including that of VEGF. Lack of RPE-derived VEGF causes atrophy of the choriocapillaris, a scenario that disrupts photoreceptor differentiation and finally results in photoreceptor apoptosis. Lack of retinal vessel formation and of hyaloid vessel regression might be caused by the decrease in the metabolic requirements of the neuroretina leading to low amounts of retinal HIF-1α. In summary, our data indicate that failure of RPE differentiation may well precede and cause atrophy of the choriocapillaris. In contrast, RPE EMT is not sufficient to cause choroidal neovascularization.
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29
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Cam D, Berk AT, Micili SC, Kume T, Ergur BU, Yilmaz O. Histological and Immunohistochemical Retinal Changes Following the Intravitreal Injection of Aflibercept, Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab in Newborn Rabbits. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:315-322. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2016.1164190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Cam
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Hospital, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Ayse Tulin Berk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmır, Turkey
| | - Serap Cilaker Micili
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmır, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Kume
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmır, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmır, Turkey
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmır, Turkey
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Abstract
To examine the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents on refractive error in the setting of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) through a review of the literature, a PubMed search was performed of appropriate search terms, and the results of all relevant studies were extracted and compiled. Eleven relevant articles were identified in the literature, totaling 466 eyes, treated with varied anti-VEGF agents (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept) with mean spherical equivalent refractions ranging from +0.75 D to −3.57 D, with prevalence of high myopia ranging from 0 to 35%. Anti-VEGF monotherapy for ROP leads to low levels of myopia, and there may be a differential effect of specific anti-VEGF agents utilized on refractive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Mintz-Hittner
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth.,WT and Louise J Moran Pediatric Eye Clinic (affiliate of Robert Cizik Eye Clinic), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Megan M Geloneck
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth.,WT and Louise J Moran Pediatric Eye Clinic (affiliate of Robert Cizik Eye Clinic), Houston, TX, USA
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31
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Hong HS, Kim S, Nam S, Um J, Kim YH, Son Y. Effect of substance P on recovery from laser-induced retinal degeneration. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 23:268-77. [PMID: 25682893 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is caused by neovascularization and persistent inflammation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid, and causes serious eye disease including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Thus, inhibiting inflammation and neovascularization may be a primary approach to protect the retina from degeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether substance P (SP), which can suppress inflammation and mobilize stem cells, can protect the RPE from degeneration. The effect of SP was evaluated by analyzing systemic inflammation, cell survival, and neovascularization within the argon laser-injured retina of mice. At 1 week postinjury, the SP-treated group had lower tumor necrosis factor-alpha and higher interleukin-10 serum concentrations, and a more intact retinal structure compared to the vehicle-treated group. In mice administered SP repeatedly for 4 weeks, the retinal structure appeared normal and showed sparse neovascularization, whereas the vehicle-treated group showed severe retinal destruction and dense neovascularization. Moreover, the efficacy of SP was identical to that of mesenchymal stem cells that were transplanted into the vitreous after retinal injury. This study highlights the potential for the endogenous neuropeptide SP as a treatment for retinal damage to prevent conditions such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Hong
- College of Medicine/ East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University
| | - Suna Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University
| | - Seungwoo Nam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jihyun Um
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University
| | - Yeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Paul's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsook Son
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University
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Lien R, Yu MH, Hsu KH, Liao PJ, Chen YP, Lai CC, Wu WC. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity and Bevacizumab Treatment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148019. [PMID: 26815000 PMCID: PMC4729687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study aims to investigate the neurodevelopment of premature infants after intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (IVB) for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) up to the age of 2 years. METHODS The study design was retrospective observational case series conducted at an institutional referral center. Infants with type 1 ROP were classified into 3 groups: laser only, IVB only, and a combination of IVB and laser treatment. Main Outcome Measures were neurodevelopmental outcomes of the patients after treatment were assessed by Bayley Scales for Infant Development. RESULTS Sixty-one patients who finished the neurodevelopmental survey were included. No detrimental effects on neurodevelopment were found in IVB group compared with the patients who received laser treatment only. The patients in the IVB + laser group had a higher incidence of significant mental (p = 0.028) and psychomotor (p = 0.002) impairment at 24 months than the patients in the laser group. The odds ratio of having severe psychomotor defects in the IVB + laser group was 5.3 compared with the laser group (p = 0.041). The causal source for the differences that were detected remained unknown due to lack of randomization in the study and accompanying bias in patient selection. CONCLUSIONS Two years after laser and/or intravitreal injections of bevacizumab for infants with retinopathy of prematurity, no difference on neurodevelopment for those who received only bevacizumab versus only laser treatment were found. Those infants who required rescue therapy with laser or bevacizumab injection after initial, unsuccessful treatment showed some detrimental, neurodevelopmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyin Lien
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsien Yu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Liao
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Administration, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Business Administration, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Vaeteewoottacharn K, Kariya R, Dana P, Fujikawa S, Matsuda K, Ohkuma K, Kudo E, Kraiklang R, Wongkham C, Wongkham S, Okada S. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase potentiates bevacizumab treatment in cholangiocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9023-35. [PMID: 26762407 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a unique liver cancer subtype with an increasing incidence globally. The lack of specific symptoms and definite diagnostic markers results in a delayed diagnosis and disease progression. Systemic chemotherapy is commonly selected for advanced CCA even though its advantages remain unknown. Targeted therapy, especially anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, is promising for CCA; however, improvements in the therapeutic regimen are necessary to overcome subsequent resistance. We demonstrated VEGF expression was higher in CCA cell lines than in other liver cancer cells. Secreted VEGFs played roles in the induction of peri- and intra-tumoral vascularization. VEGF neutralization by bevacizumab effectively reduced tumor growth, mainly through the suppression of angiogenesis; however, increases in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and HIF1α-responsive genes (such as VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX and CAXII) indicated the potential for subsequent therapeutic resistance. Supplementation with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, enhanced the anti-CCA effects of bevacizumab. Anti-angiogenesis and anti-proliferation were observed with the combination treatment. These results suggested a novel treatment strategy to overcome anti-angiogenesis resistance and the importance of "induced essentiality" in the treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Paweena Dana
- Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sawako Fujikawa
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kouki Matsuda
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohkuma
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Eriko Kudo
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ratthaphol Kraiklang
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Heath, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for retinopathy of prematurity: comparison between Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab. Retina 2015; 35:667-74. [PMID: 25462435 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect and the treatment outcomes of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in the treatment of Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS This was a bicentered retrospective case series performed at institutional referral centers. Seventy-two eyes of 37 patients who had intravitreal injections of either bevacizumab or ranibizumab as the primary treatment for Type 1 ROP were included. Outcomes' measures included regression and recurrence of ROP, the surgical complications, and refractive errors at a corrected age of 1 year. RESULTS All but one eye in the bevacizumab group had retinal neovascularization and plus disease regression after anti-vascular endothelium growth factor treatment. Neither recurrence of ROP nor major ocular complications, including cataract, retinal detachment, and endophthalmitis occurred in any of the treated eyes. There were no significant differences in mean refractive errors between the patients treated with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab or ranibizumab at the corrected age of 1 year. A significantly higher chance of high myopia was noted in the bevacizumab group (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Both bevacizumab and ranibizumab showed similar efficacy in the regression of ROP with minor mean refractive errors at 1 year of corrected age. However, high myopia was more prevalent in the bevacizumab-treated eyes.
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Sene A, Chin-Yee D, Apte RS. Seeing through VEGF: innate and adaptive immunity in pathological angiogenesis in the eye. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:43-51. [PMID: 25457617 PMCID: PMC4282831 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The central role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in regulating normal vascular development and pathological angiogenesis has been documented in multiple studies. Ocular anti-VEGF therapy is highly effective for treating a subset of patients with blinding eye disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, chronic VEGF suppression can lead to adverse effects associated with poor visual outcomes due to the loss of prosurvival and neurotrophic capacities of VEGF. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence for immune-related mechanisms that regulate ocular angiogenesis in a VEGF-independent manner. These novel molecular and cellular pathways may provide potential therapeutic avenues for a multitarget strategy, preserving the neuroprotective functions of VEGF in those patients whose disease is unresponsive to VEGF neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Sene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - David Chin-Yee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajendra S Apte
- Department of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Neuroscience Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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HAN DONGMEI, YAO YUAN, SUN YONG, GONG YUANYUAN, WU XINGWEI. Effect of charred Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization murine model. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2896-902. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Rezende FA, Lapalme E, Qian CX, Smith LE, SanGiovanni JP, Sapieha P. Omega-3 supplementation combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor lowers vitreal levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in wet age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2014; 158:1071-78. [PMID: 25089351 PMCID: PMC4389631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the influence of omega-3 supplementation on vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) levels in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, open-label, single-center, clinical trial, consecutive interventional case series. METHODS The study included 3 cohorts with wet AMD and a control group with epiretinal membrane or macular hole. Twenty wet AMD patients being treated with anti-VEGF were randomized to daily supplementation of antioxidants, zinc, and carotenoids with omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid; group 1, n = 10) or without omega-3 fatty acids (group 2, n = 10). They were compared with an anti-VEGF treatment-naïve wet AMD group (group 3, n = 10) and an epiretinal membrane or macular hole group (group 4, n = 10). Primary outcome was vitreal VEGF-A levels (at the time of anti-VEGF injection). Secondary outcomes were plasma VEGF-A and central foveal thickness. Patients with new submacular hemorrhage or any other treatment within 3 months were excluded. Final analyses included 9, 6, 7, and 8 patients in groups 1 through 4, respectively. RESULTS Patients receiving omega-3s (group 1) had significantly lower levels of vitreal VEGF-A (141.11 ± 61.89 pg/mL) when compared with group 2 (626.09 ± 279.27 pg/mL; P = .036) and group 3 (735.48 ± 216.43 pg/mL; P = .013), but similar levels to group 4 (235.81 ± 33.99 pg/mL; P=.215). All groups showed similar values for plasma VEGF-A and central foveal thickness measurements. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that omega-3 supplementation combined with anti-VEGF treatment is associated with decreased vitreal VEGF-A levels in wet AMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio A Rezende
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Eric Lapalme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cynthia X Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lois E Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- Clinical Trials Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Dejda A, Mawambo G, Cerani A, Miloudi K, Shao Z, Daudelin JF, Boulet S, Oubaha M, Beaudoin F, Akla N, Henriques S, Menard C, Stahl A, Delisle JS, Rezende FA, Labrecque N, Sapieha P. Neuropilin-1 mediates myeloid cell chemoattraction and influences retinal neuroimmune crosstalk. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4807-22. [PMID: 25271625 DOI: 10.1172/jci76492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological activity in the CNS is largely dependent on an innate immune response and is heightened in diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The molecular dynamics governing immune cell recruitment to sites of injury and disease in the CNS during sterile inflammation remain poorly defined. Here, we identified a subset of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) that responds to local chemotactic cues that are conserved among central neurons, vessels, and immune cells. Patients suffering from late-stage proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) had elevated vitreous semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A). Using a murine model, we found that SEMA3A acts as a potent attractant for neuropilin-1-positive (NRP-1-positive) MPs. These proangiogenic MPs were selectively recruited to sites of pathological neovascularization in response to locally produced SEMA3A as well as VEGF. NRP-1-positive MPs were essential for disease progression, as NRP-1-deficient MPs failed to enter the retina in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), a proxy for PDR. OIR mice with NRP-1-deficient MPs exhibited decreased vascular degeneration and diminished pathological preretinal neovascularization. Intravitreal administration of a NRP-1-derived trap effectively mimicked the therapeutic benefits observed in mice lacking NRP-1-expressing MPs. Our findings indicate that NRP-1 is an obligate receptor for MP chemotaxis, bridging neural ischemia to an innate immune response in neovascular retinal disease.
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Askou AL. Development of gene therapy for treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92 Thesis3:1-38. [PMID: 24953666 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intraocular neovascular diseases are the leading cause of blindness in the Western world in individuals over the age of 50. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of these diseases. Exudative AMD, the late-stage form, is characterized by abnormal neovessel development, sprouting from the choroid into the avascular subretinal space, where it can suddenly cause irreversible damage to the vulnerable photoreceptor (PR) cells essential for our high-resolution, central vision. The molecular basis of AMD is not well understood, but several growth factors have been implicated including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the advent of anti-VEGF therapy has markedly changed the outcome of treatment. However, common to all current therapies for exudative AMD are the complications of repeated monthly intravitreal injections, which must be continued throughout one's lifetime to maintain visual benefits. Additionally, some patients do not benefit from established treatments. Strategies providing long-term suppression of inappropriate ocular angiogenesis are therefore needed, and gene therapy offers a potential powerful technique. This study aimed to develop a strategy based on RNA interference (RNAi) for the sustained attenuation of VEGF. We designed a panel of anti-VEGF short hairpin RNAs (shRNA), and based on the most potent shRNAs, microRNA (miRNA)-mimicked hairpins were developed. We demonstrated an additive VEGF silencing effect when we combined the miRNAs in a tricistronic miRNA cluster. To meet the requirements for development of medical treatments for AMD with long-term effects, the shRNA/miRNA is expressed from vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) or lentivirus (LV). Both vector systems have been found superior in terms of transduction efficiency and persistence in gene expression in retinal cells. The capacity of AAV-encoded RNAi effector molecules to silence endogenous VEGF gene expression was evaluated in mouse models, including the model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and we found that subretinal administration of self-complementary (sc)-AAV2/8 encoding anti-VEGF shRNAs can impair vessel formation. In parallel, a significant reduction of endogenous VEGF was demonstrated following injection of scAAV2/8 vectors expressing multiple anti-VEGF miRNAs into murine hind limb muscles. Furthermore, in an ongoing project we have designed versatile, multigenic LV vectors with combined expression of multiple miRNAs and proteins, including pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a multifunctional, secreted protein that has anti-angiogenic and neurotrophic functions. Co-expression of miRNAs and proteins from a single viral vector increases safety by minimizing the viral load necessary to obtain a therapeutic effect and thereby reduces the risk of insertional mutagenesis as well as the immune response against viral proteins. Our results show co-expression of functional anti-VEGF-miRNAs and PEDF in cell studies, and in vivo studies reveal an efficient retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific gene expression following the incorporation of the vitelliform macular dystrophy 2 (VMD2) promoter, demonstrating the potential applicability of our multigenic LV vectors in ocular anti-VEGF gene therapy, including combination therapy for treatment of exudative AMD. In conclusion, these highly promising data clearly demonstrate that viral-encoded RNAi effector molecules can be used for the inhibition of neovascularization and will, in combination with the growing interest of applying DNA- or RNA-based technologies in the clinic, undoubtedly contribute to the development of efficacious long-term gene therapy treatment of intraocular neovascular diseases.
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Li Y, Hao H, Tzatzalos E, Lin RK, Doh S, Liu LF, Lyu YL, Cai L. Topoisomerase IIbeta is required for proper retinal development and survival of postmitotic cells. Biol Open 2014; 3:172-84. [PMID: 24463367 PMCID: PMC3925320 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20146767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIbeta (Top2b) is an enzyme that modulates DNA supercoiling by catalyzing the passage of DNA duplexes through one another. It is ubiquitously expressed in postmitotic cells and known to function during the development of neuromuscular junctions in the diaphragm and the proper formation of laminar structure in the cerebral cortex. However, due to the perinatal death phenotype of the traditional constitutive and brain-specific Top2b knockout mice, the precise in vivo function of Top2b, especially during postnatal neural development, remains to be determined. Using both the constitutive and retina-specific knockout mouse models, we showed that Top2b deficiency resulted in delayed neuronal differentiation, degeneration of the plexiform layers and outer segment of photoreceptors, as well as dramatic reduction in cell number in the retina. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing revealed that genes involved in neuronal survival and neural system development were preferentially affected in Top2b-deficient retinas. Collectively, our findings have indicated an important function of Top2b in proper development and the maintenance/survival of postmitotic neurons in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Kurihara T, Westenskow PD, Aguilar E, Friedlander M. VEGF antagonism and age-related macular degeneration: too much of a good thing? EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in the Retina. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 801:275-81. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Neuron-derived semaphorin 3A is an early inducer of vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy via neuropilin-1. Cell Metab 2013; 18:505-18. [PMID: 24093675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The deterioration of the inner blood-retinal barrier and consequent macular edema is a cardinal manifestation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the clinical feature most closely associated with loss of sight. We provide evidence from both human and animal studies for the critical role of the classical neuronal guidance cue, semaphorin 3A, in instigating pathological vascular permeability in diabetic retinas via its cognate receptor neuropilin-1. We reveal that semaphorin 3A is induced in early hyperglycemic phases of diabetes within the neuronal retina and precipitates initial breakdown of endothelial barrier function. We demonstrate, by a series of orthogonal approaches, that neutralization of semaphorin 3A efficiently prevents diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage in a stage of the disease when vascular endothelial growth factor neutralization is inefficient. These observations were corroborated in Tg(Cre-Esr1)/Nrp1(flox/flox) conditional knockout mice. Our findings identify a therapeutic target for macular edema and provide further evidence for neurovascular crosstalk in the pathogenesis of DR.
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Wittko-Schneider IM, Schneider FT, Plate KH. Brain homeostasis: VEGF receptor 1 and 2-two unequal brothers in mind. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1705-25. [PMID: 23475067 PMCID: PMC3632714 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), initially thought to act specifically on the vascular system, exert trophic effects on neural cells during development and adulthood. Therefore, the VEGF system serves as a promising therapeutic target for brain pathologies, but its simultaneous action on vascular cells paves the way for harmful side effects. To circumvent these deleterious effects, many studies have aimed to clarify whether VEGFs directly affect neural cells or if the effects are mediated secondarily via other cell types, like vascular cells. A great number of reports have shown the expression and function of VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), mainly VEGFR-1 and -2, in neural cells, where VEGFR-2 has been described as the major mediator of VEGF-A signals. This review aims to summarize and compare the divergent roles of VEGFR-1 and -2 during CNS development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina M Wittko-Schneider
- Neuroscience Center, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Heinrich-Hoffmann Strasse 7, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Binet F, Mawambo G, Sitaras N, Tetreault N, Lapalme E, Favret S, Cerani A, Leboeuf D, Tremblay S, Rezende F, Juan AM, Stahl A, Joyal JS, Milot E, Kaufman RJ, Guimond M, Kennedy TE, Sapieha P. Neuronal ER stress impedes myeloid-cell-induced vascular regeneration through IRE1α degradation of netrin-1. Cell Metab 2013; 17:353-71. [PMID: 23473031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In stroke and proliferative retinopathy, despite hypoxia driven angiogenesis, delayed revascularization of ischemic tissue aggravates the loss of neuronal function. What hinders vascular regrowth in the ischemic central nervous system remains largely unknown. Using the ischemic retina as a model of neurovascular interaction in the CNS, we provide evidence that the failure of reparative angiogenesis is temporally and spatially associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The canonical ER stress pathways of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) are activated within hypoxic/ischemic retinal ganglion neurons, initiating a cascade that results in angiostatic signals. Our findings demonstrate that the endoribonuclease IRE1α degrades the classical guidance cue netrin-1. This neuron-derived cue triggers a critical reparative-angiogenic switch in neural macrophage/microglial cells. Degradation of netrin-1, by persistent neuronal ER stress, thereby hinders vascular regeneration. These data identify a neuronal-immune mechanism that directly regulates reparative angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Binet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
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Ford KM, Saint-Geniez M, Walshe TE, D'Amore PA. Expression and role of VEGF--a in the ciliary body. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:7520-7. [PMID: 23081980 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of VEGF-A in the normal ciliary body is largely unexplored. The ciliary body is similar in many respects to the choroid plexus of the brain, and we demonstrated previously the importance of VEGF-A in maintenance of choroid plexus vasculature and ependymal cells. Therefore, the role of VEGF-A in ciliary body homeostasis was explored. METHODS Swiss-Webster mice (VEGF-LacZ) were used to determine VEGF-A expression during ciliary body development and in the adult. VEGFR2 expression was determined in adult wild type C56BL/6J mice. Systemic VEGF-A neutralization in vivo was achieved with adenovirus-mediated overexpression of soluble VEGFR1 (sFlt1). Following VEGF-A neutralization, the ciliary epithelium was analyzed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of VEGF-A blockade on ciliary body function also was assessed by measuring intraocular pressure. RESULTS VEGF-A expression was detected at embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5), the onset of ciliary process formation. In the adult ciliary body, VEGF-A was expressed by the pigmented epithelium, whereas VEGFR2 was localized primarily to the capillary endothelium and nonpigmented epithelium. Systemic VEGF-A neutralization led to a thinning of the nonpigmented epithelium, vacuolization of the pigmented epithelium, loss of capillary fenestrations, and thrombosis. These changes were associated with impaired ciliary body function, as evidenced by decreased intraocular pressure in sFlt1-overexpressing animals (15.31 ± 2.06 mm Hg) relative to controls (18.69 ± 1.49 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS VEGF-A has an important role in ciliary body homeostasis. Potential for undesired off-target effects should be considered with the chronic use of anti-VEGF-A therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knatokie M Ford
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Kurihara T, Westenskow PD, Bravo S, Aguilar E, Friedlander M. Targeted deletion of Vegfa in adult mice induces vision loss. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4213-7. [PMID: 23093773 DOI: 10.1172/jci65157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies directed at controlling vascular abnormalities in cancers and neovascular eye diseases target VEGF and can slow the progression of these diseases. While the critical role of VEGF in development has been well described, the function of locally synthesized VEGF in the adult eye is incompletely understood. Here, we show that conditionally knocking out Vegfa in adult mouse retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells, which regulate retinal homeostasis, rapidly leads to vision loss and ablation of the choriocapillaris, the major blood supply for the outer retina and photoreceptor cells. This deletion also caused rapid dysfunction of cone photoreceptors, the cells responsible for fine visual acuity and color vision. Furthermore, Vegfa deletion showed significant downregulation of multiple angiogenic genes in both physiological and pathological states, whereas the deletion of the upstream regulatory transcriptional factors HIFs did not affect the physiological expressions of angiogenic genes. These results suggest that endogenous VEGF provides critical trophic support necessary for retinal function. Targeting factors upstream of VEGF, such as HIFs, may be therapeutically advantageous compared with more potent and selective VEGF antagonists, which may have more off-target inhibitory trophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Binz N, Ali Rahman IS, Chinnery HR, McKeone R, Simpson KM, Speed TP, Lai CM, Rakoczy PE. Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation on retinal gene expression in the Kimba mouse. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 41:251-62. [PMID: 22788671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kimba mouse carries a human vascular endothelial growth factor transgene causing retinal neovascularisation similar to that seen in diabetic retinopathy. Here, we examine the relationship between differential gene expression induced by vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression and the architectural changes that occur in the retinae of these mice. METHODS Retinal gene expression changes in juvenile and adult Kimba mice were assayed by microarray and compared with age-matched wild-type littermates. Transcription of selected genes was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein translation was determined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Semaphorin 3C was upregulated, and nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group 3, member 3 (Nr2e3) was downregulated in juvenile Kimba mice. Betacellulin and endothelin 2 were upregulated in adults. Semaphorin 3C colocalized with glial fibrillary acidic protein in Müller cells of Kimba retinae at greater signal intensities than in wild type. Endothelin 2 colocalised to Müller cell end feet and extended into the outer limiting membrane. Endothelin receptor type B staining was most pronounced in the inner nuclear layer, the region containing Müller cell somata. CONCLUSIONS An early spike in vascular endothelial growth factor induced significant long-term retinal neovascularisation associated with changes to the retinal ganglion, photoreceptor and Müller cells. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor led to dysregulation of photoreceptor metabolism through differential expression of Nr2e3, endothelin 2, betacellulin and semaphorin 3C. Alterations in the expression of these genes may therefore play key roles in the pathological mechanisms that result from retinal neovascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Binz
- Department of Molecular Ophthalmology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
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Abstract
The generation of blood vessels is a highly synchronized process requiring the coordinated efforts of several vascular and nonvascular cell populations as well as a stringent orchestration by the tissue being vascularized. Stereotyped angiogenesis is vital for both developmental growth and to restore tissue metabolic supply after ischemic events. Central neurons such as those found in the brain, spinal cord, and retina are vast consumers of oxygen and nutrients and therefore require high rates of perfusion by functional vascular networks to ensure proper sensory transmission. During a metabolic mismatch, such as that occurring during a cerebrovascular infarct or in ischemic retinopathies, there is increasing evidence that central neurons have an inherent ability to influence the vascular response to injury. With a focus on the retina and retinal ischemic disorders, this review explores the ever-growing evidence suggesting that central neurons have the propensity to impact tissue vascularization and reparative angiogenesis. Moreover, it addresses the paradoxical ability of severely ischemic neurons to hinder vascular regrowth and thus segregate the most severely injured zones of nervous tissue. The topics covered here are pertinent for future therapeutic strategies because promoting and steering vascular growth may be beneficial for ischemic disorders.
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is best known for its essential roles in blood vessel growth. However, evidence has emerged that VEGF-A also promotes a wide range of neuronal functions, both in vitro and in vivo, including neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal survival and axon guidance. Recent studies have employed mouse models to distinguish the direct effects of VEGF on neurons from its indirect, vessel-mediated effects. Ultimately, refining our knowledge of VEGF signalling pathways in neurons should help us to understand how the current use of therapeutics targeting the VEGF pathway in cancer and eye disease might be expanded to promote neuronal health and nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mackenzie
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
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