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Kwak JH, Eun CS, Han DS, Kim YS, Song KS, Choi BY, Kim HJ. Association between soy products, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products and gastric cancer risk in Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects: a case-control study in Korea. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:122-134. [PMID: 36777798 PMCID: PMC9884584 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Consumption of certain protective foods may help inhibit Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) associated gastric pathologies. However, studies conducted to assess the efficacy of protective foods in H. pylori-infected subjects are either limited or inconsistent. This study evaluated the association of individual or a combination of protective foods on the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) in H. pylori-positive subjects through a case-control study. MATERIALS/METHODS Subjects aged 20-79 years were selected from 2 hospitals between December 2002 and September 2006. In total, 134 patients and 212 controls tested positive for H. pylori infection. Among these, we included 82 pairs of cases and controls matched by sex, age (± 5 years), enrollment period (± 1 years), and hospital. RESULTS A higher intake of soy products was associated with a significantly lower risk of GC than a lower intake of soy products (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14-0.96). Additionally, a higher fruit intake resulted in a significantly lower risk of GC than a lower fruit intake (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13-0.94). A combination of food groups was evaluated, and a lower risk of GC was observed with a high intake of both soy products and fruits (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.06-0.67), high intake of soy and dairy products (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10-0.78) and high intake of fruits and dairy products (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09-0.83). CONCLUSIONS A high intake of soy products or fruits was associated with a lower risk of GC. A combination of soy products or fruits with dairy products was associated with a lower risk of GC. A balanced intake of soy products, fruits, and dairy products may help reduce GC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Functional Genomics Institute, PDXen Biosystems Co., Daejeon 34129, Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Song
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyun Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
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2
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Borel P, Dangles O, Kopec RE. Fat-soluble vitamin and phytochemical metabolites: Production, gastrointestinal absorption, and health effects. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101220. [PMID: 36657621 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables, which provide some fat-soluble vitamins and many phytochemicals, is associated with a lower risk of developing certain degenerative diseases. It is well accepted that not only the parent compounds, but also their derivatives formed upon enzymatic or nonenzymatic transformations, can produce protective biological effects. These derivatives can be formed during food storage, processing, or cooking. They can also be formed in the lumen of the upper digestive tract during digestion, or via metabolism by microbiota in the colon. This review compiles the known metabolites of fat-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble phytochemicals (FSV and FSP) that have been identified in food and in the human digestive tract, or could potentially be present based on the known reactivity of the parent compounds in normal or pathological conditions, or following surgical interventions of the digestive tract or consumption of xenobiotics known to impair lipid absorption. It also covers the very limited data available on the bioavailability (absorption, intestinal mucosa metabolism) and summarizes their effects on health. Notably, despite great interest in identifying bioactive derivatives of FSV and FSP, studying their absorption, and probing their putative health effects, much research remains to be conducted to understand and capitalize on the potential of these molecules to preserve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Rachel E Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Shi H, Li Y, Dong C, Si G, Xu Y, Peng M, Li Y. Helicobacter pylori infection and the progression of atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12865. [PMID: 34841620 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, many studies have tried to prove whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can promote the progression of atherosclerosis (AS), but the reported results are conflicting. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), or pulse wave velocity (PWV) are the most commonly used indicators to evaluate the progress of AS. So, we collected and evaluated these three indicators to provide evidence-based medicine for the clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included and evaluated studies on H. pylori infection and CIMT, FMD, or PWV from PubMed, Cochrane trials, and Embase databases before September 1, 2021, and language restrictions: English. Research types include cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies. The MINORS scale was used to evaluate the quality of these studies. For all studies, we choose a random-effects model and calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) for analysis, and all our analyses use STATA software. RESULTS Meta-analysis shows that H. pylori infection can significantly increase CIMT (WMD = 0.059, 95% CI: 0.039, 0.079, p < 0.001). Based on subgroup analysis, we found that the relationship between the two is more significant in the young and middle-aged people younger than 60 years old and people without cardiovascular disease. In addition, we also found an association between H. pylori infection and FMD (WMD = -3.873, 95% CI: -5.684, -2.062, p < 0.001), but it is a pity that there are few literatures that meet the standards. Finally, We concluded that H. pylori infection can significantly increase PWV (WMD = 88.033, 95%CI: 67.297,108.768. I2 = 99.63%, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, we also found that this correlation is similar to CIMT, and it is more significant in the young and middle-aged population under 60 and those without cardiovascular disease. We also found in the sub-analysis that there was a significant increase in CIMT in CagA-positive individuals in H. pylori-infected patients (WMD = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.29. p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori infection can promote the process of AS, especially in people under the age of 60 and people without cardiovascular risk factors, and we hope that our meta-analysis can provide ideas for the early prevention of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuo Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yinghao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chengda Dong
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guomin Si
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujie Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Cai X, Li X, Jin Y, Zhang M, Xu Y, Liang C, Weng Y, Yu W, Li X. Vitamins and Helicobacter pylori: An Updated Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 8:781333. [PMID: 35118105 PMCID: PMC8805086 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.781333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over recent decades, epidemiological studies have shown relationships between vitamins and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and eradication, but the results are controversial. Methods A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted to clarify the relationships between common types of vitamins and H. pylori. We applied meta-regression, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis to obtain available evidence. Articles published from January 1991 to June 2021 in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Results In total, we identified 48 studies. The results indicate that H. pylori -positive patients had lower serum vitamin B12 [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.53 – −0.08], folate (SMD = −0.69; 95% CI: −1.34 – −0.04), vitamin C (SMD = −0.37; 95%CI: −0.57 – −0.18) and vitamin D (SMD = −0.34; 95% CI: −0.49 – −0.18) levels than H. pylori-negative patients. Patients in which H. pylori had been successfully eradicated had higher serum vitamin D levels (SMD = 1.37; 95% CI: 0.37–2.38) than in patients in which eradication had been unsuccessful. The serum vitamin B12 levels of H. pylori-positive patients improved after successful H. pylori eradication therapy (SMD = 1.85; 95% CI: 0.81–2.90), and antioxidant vitamin supplementation to an H. pylori eradication regimen improved the eradication rate (risk ratio = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02–1.44 for per-protocol analysis; risk ratio = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.06–1.47 for intention-to-treat analysis). Conclusions H. pylori infections decrease the serum levels of several types of vitamins, eradication of H. pylori could rescue its adverse effects, and antioxidant vitamin supplementation may improve the H. pylori eradication rate. Systematic Review Registration identifier: CRD42021268127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlei Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangli Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Miaozun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yihui Weng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiming Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Lihuili Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Weiming Yu
| | - Xiuyang Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Center for Clinical Big Data and Statistics, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuyang Li
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Gonciarz W, Lechowicz Ł, Urbaniak M, Kaca W, Chmiela M. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Artificial Neural Networks Applied to Investigate Quantitative Changes of Selected Soluble Biomarkers, Correlated with H. pylori Infection in Children and Presumable Consequent Delayed Growth. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123852. [PMID: 33260854 PMCID: PMC7759849 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infections causing gastroduodenal disorders are a common medical problem. The aim of this study was to determine the specific motives of infrared spectroscopy (IR) spectra of sera from H. pylori-infected and uninfected children applied to investigate quantitatively-selected soluble biomarkers correlated with H. pylori infection in children and presumable consequent delayed growth. Sera from 41 children infected with H. pylori (Hp(+)) and 43 uninfected (Hp(-)) under the care of the Polish Mother's Hospital in Lodz, Poland, were analyzed. The H. pylori status was confirmed by gastroscopy, 13C urea breath testing, and anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies. Infrared spectra were measured using an FTIR/FT-NIR Spectrum 400 spectrometer (PerkinElmer). The IR spectrum was measured in the wavenumber range 3000-750 cm-1 and subjected to mathematical calculation of the first derivative. Based on the chi-square test, 10 wavenumbers of spectra correlating with H. pylori infection were selected for use in designing an artificial neural network. Ten parts of the IR spectra correlating with H. pylori infection were identified in the W2 and W3 windows associated mainly with proteins and the W4 window related to nucleic acids and hydrocarbons. Artificial neural networks for H. pylori infection were developed based on chemometric data. By mathematical modeling, children were classified towards H. pylori infection in conjunction with elevated levels of selected biomarkers in serum potentially related to growth retardation. The study concludes that IR spectroscopy and artificial neural networks may help to confirm H. pylori-driven growth disorders in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Lechowicz
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (Ł.L.); (W.K.)
| | - Mariusz Urbaniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Kaca
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (Ł.L.); (W.K.)
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Phuoc LH, Sengngam K, Ogawa T, Ngatu NR, Ikeda S, Hoc TH, Phu PV, Minh DT, Ngoan LT. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Stomach Cancer among Male Adults: A Case-Control Study in Northern Viet Nam. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2109-2115. [PMID: 32711439 PMCID: PMC7573430 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer, with considering the impacts of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and tobacco smoking. METHODS A case-control study featuring 80 male incident stomach-cancer cases and 146 male controls was conducted in a general hospital in Viet Nam. A semi-quantitative food frequency and demographic lifestyle questionnaire were used; and venous blood samples were collected to determine H. pylori status by IgG ELISA. The respective associations between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer were examined using unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for possible cofactors. RESULTS Fruit intake and stomach cancer showed a weak inverse association when this became non-significant after adjusting for H. pylori infection (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.22-1.12, p trend = 0.094). Stratifying by H. pylori status returned a negative trend for fruit intake and stomach cancer among H. pylori-negative participants (OR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.06-0.69, p trend = 0.010), but no significant interaction for H. pylori-positive participants (OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.21-2.68, p trend = 0.670). Vegetable intake and stomach cancer showed no association, regardless of H. pylori status. Compared to ever-smokers with low intake, never-smokers with high vegetable (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06-0.95) and fruit intake (OR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.06-0.65) showed the lowest odds of stomach cancer. CONCLUSIONS Fruit, but not vegetable, intake showed a weak inverse association with stomach cancer. H. pylori infection and tobacco-smoking status may influence the protective effects of fruit and vegetable intake on stomach cancer. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hong Phuoc
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam.
| | | | - Toshio Ogawa
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
| | - Nlandu Roger Ngatu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba prefecture, Japan.
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Le Tran Ngoan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba prefecture, Japan.
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang city, Vietnam.
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Davinelli S, Melvang HM, Andersen LP, Scapagnini G, Nielsen ME. Astaxanthin from Shrimp Cephalothorax Stimulates the Immune Response by Enhancing IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-2 Secretion in Splenocytes of Helicobacter Pylori-Infected Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17070382. [PMID: 31248010 PMCID: PMC6669458 DOI: 10.3390/md17070382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is a critical cause of gastrointestinal diseases. A crucial host response associated with H. pylori infection includes gastric inflammation, which is characterized by a sustained recruitment of T-helper (Th) cells to the site of infection and distinct patterns of cytokine production. Adequate nutritional status, especially frequent consumption of dietary antioxidants, appears to protect against infection with H. pylori. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether astaxanthin (AXT) from shrimp cephalothorax may modulate cytokine release of splenocytes in H. pylori-infected mice (n = 60). Six- to eight-week-old female mice were divided into three groups (n = 20 per group) to receive a daily oral dose of 10 or 40 mg of AXT for six weeks. After six weeks, a trend toward interferon gamma (IFN-γ) upregulation was found (40 mg; p < 0.05) and a significant dose-dependent increase of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 (both p < 0.05) was observed. These results suggest that AXT induces higher levels of IL-2 and a shift to a balanced Th1/Th2 response by increasing IFN-γ and augmenting IL-10. We concluded that AXT may influence the pattern of cytokines during H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Heidi Mikkelsen Melvang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Leif Percival Andersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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Aimasso U, D'onofrio V, D'eusebio C, Devecchi A, Pira C, Merlo FD, De Francesco A. Helicobacter pylori and nutrition: a bidirectional communication. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2019; 65:116-129. [PMID: 30759976 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a gram-negative flagellated pathogen acid-resistant bacterium; it belongs to the order Campylobacterales that is wide spread all over the world, infecting more than 50% of the world population. HP infection is etiologically associated with non-atrophic and atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer and with 3 to 6-fold increased relative risk for developing gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MA LT) lymphoma. For this reason HP is recognized by the World Health Organization as a Class I human carcinogen. In the last years a lot of studies clarified the role of this pathogen in nutrition and metabolism; particularly, it has been shown that it is able to induce malabsorption of several nutrients like iron, cobalamin, vitamin C and vitamin E, with strong consequences on nutritional status. Interesting, this bacterium is able to produce different biological effects on hormones like ghrelin and leptin controlling both appetite and growth, mostly depending on the time of acquisition of the infection and of its treatment. In this review, the authors focused their attention on nutritional effects of HP infection and particularly on the role that diet, food, plants and specific nutrients can play in its treatment, considering that HP eradication rates, with standard triple-therapy, have fallen to a low level in the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Aimasso
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy -
| | - Valentina D'onofrio
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara D'eusebio
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Devecchi
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Costanza Pira
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio D Merlo
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella De Francesco
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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9
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Kang H, Kim H. Astaxanthin and β-carotene in Helicobacter pylori-induced Gastric Inflammation: A Mini-review on Action Mechanisms. J Cancer Prev 2017; 22:57-61. [PMID: 28698858 PMCID: PMC5503216 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2017.22.2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a dominant bacterium living in the human gastric tissues. In H. pylori-infected tissues, the infiltrated inflammatory cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to gastric inflammation with production of various mediators. According to numerous epidemiological studies, dietary carotenoids may prevent gastric inflammation due to their antioxidant properties. Recent studies showed that antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin and β-carotene may contribute to inhibition of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation. Astaxanthin changes H. pylori-induced activation of T helper cell type 1 response towards T helper cell type 2 response in the infected tissues. Astaxanthin inhibits the growth of H. pylori. Even though astaxanthin reduces H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation, it does not reduce cytokine levels in the infected tissues. β-Carotene suppresses ROS-mediated inflammatory signaling, including mitogen-activated protein kinases and redox-sensitive transcription factors, and reduces expression of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-8, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 in the infected tissues. Therefore, consumption of astaxanthin- and β-carotene-rich foods may be beneficial to prevent H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation. This review will summarize anti-inflammatory mechanisms of astaxanthin and β-carotene in H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Conifer Green Needle Complex in Patients with Precancerous Gastric Lesions: An Observational Pilot Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3848409. [PMID: 28003849 PMCID: PMC5149685 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3848409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Helicobacter pylori infection is common and can lead to precancerous gastric lesions. Standard antibiotic therapy has a failure rate of more than 25% from antibiotic resistance. The primary aim of this observational pilot study was to test the feasibility of a large-scale clinical trial of Conifer Green Needle Complex (CGNC) to treat precancerous gastric lesions. Secondary aims were to investigate H. pylori infection, stomach function, and histopathology of the gastric mucosa. Methods. A tablet form of CGNC (extracted from Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies (L) Karst) was prescribed to 26 patients with precancerous gastric lesions (two tablets, 100 mg CGNC/tablet, three times per day for six months). Another 24 patients received no treatment. Results. Compared with control patients, CGNC-treated patients showed total or partial regression (using the quantitative Rome III diagnostic criteria) of dyspeptic symptoms (92.3%, p < 0.0001), eradication of H. pylori infection (57.1%, p < 0.03), a reduction in endoscopic signs of gastritis (92.3%, p < 0.001), an increase of pepsinogen-pepsin in the gastric juice (57.7%, p < 0.05), and total regression or reduction in the degree of intestinal metaplasia (46.2%, p < 0.05) and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration (53.8%, p < 0.05). Conclusions. This study justifies a randomised-controlled trial with CGNC in patients with atrophic gastritis.
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Franceschi F, Tortora A, Di Rienzo T, D’Angelo G, Ianiro G, Scaldaferri F, Gerardi V, Tesori V, Lopetuso LR, Gasbarrini A. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection on nutrition and metabolism. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12809-12817. [PMID: 25278679 PMCID: PMC4177464 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative pathogen that is widespread all over the world, infecting more than 50% of the world’s population. It is etiologically associated with non-atrophic and atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer and shows a deep association with primary gastric B-cell lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Recently, the medical research focused on the modification of the gastric environment induced by H. pylori infection, possibly affecting the absorption of nutrients and drugs as well as the production of hormones strongly implicated in the regulation of appetite and growth. Interestingly, the absorption of iron and vitamin B12 is impaired by H. pylori infection, while infected subjects have lower basal and fasting serum levels of ghrelin and higher concentration of leptin compared to controls. Since leptin is an anorexigenic hormone, and ghrelin stimulates powerfully the release of growth hormone in humans, H. pylori infection may finally induce growth retardation if acquired very early in the childhood and in malnourished children. This review is focused on the nutritional effects of H. pylori infection, such as the reduced bioavailability or the malabsorbption of essential nutrients, and of gastrointestinal hormones, as well as on the relationship between H. pylori and the metabolic syndrome.
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Wang XQ, Yan H, Terry PD, Wang JS, Cheng L, Wu WA, Hu SK. Interaction between dietary factors and Helicobacter pylori infection in noncardia gastric cancer: a population-based case-control study in China. J Am Coll Nutr 2013; 31:375-84. [PMID: 23529995 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2012.10720447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among Helicobacter pylori, dietary factors, and the risk of noncardia gastric cancer in a hospital-based case-control study in China. METHODS A case-control study of noncardia gastric cancer was performed at 3 hospitals in Xi'an, China, between September 2008 and July 2010. Participants were 257 men and women with histologically diagnosed primary noncardia gastric cancer and 514 sex- and age-matched (± 5 years) control subjects selected from the communities where the cases were living when diagnosed. A questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding potential risk factors, including diet, and blood samples were obtained to examine H pylori infection status. RESULTS Positive H pylori status (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-5.9) and high consumption of pickled foods (OR, 27.1; 95%, 8.7-79.1) appeared to increase the risk of noncardia gastric cancer, whereas high consumption of vegetables (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.89), fruits (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.09-0.81), and soya products (OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01-0.3) appeared to decrease the risk. Consumption of meat, cereals, tubers, eggs, oils, nuts, fish, fresh fruit, and red meat was not clearly associated with risk. Effect modification was observed, such that a relatively high consumption of fruit and vegetables appeared to attenuate the association of H pylori with risk of noncardia gastric cancer (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that noncardia gastric cancer is highly preventable through modifications in dietary habits. Given the prevalence of H pylori infection worldwide, information regarding potential interaction between H pylori and lifestyle factors in gastric cancer development, including the dietary factors examined in our study, may prove valuable in future efforts at prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Wang
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Lahner E, Persechino S, Annibale B. Micronutrients (Other than iron) and Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review. Helicobacter 2012; 17:1-15. [PMID: 22221610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many micronutrients depend on a healthy stomach for absorption. Helicobacter pylori chronic gastritis may alter gastric physiology affecting homeostasis of vitamins and minerals. OBJECTIVES Systematic review to assess whether H. pylori infection is associated with reduced micronutrient levels (other than iron) in the plasma or gastric juice and whether low micronutrient levels are modified by eradication treatment. METHOD Medline was searched for relevant publications from inception to June 2010. Studies describing micronutrient levels in H. pylori-infected and not-infected adults and/or the effect of eradication treatment on micronutrient levels were included. FINDINGS Fifty-two publications were selected: 46 investigated the association between H. pylori infection and reduced micronutrient levels and 14 the effect of eradication treatment on micronutrient levels. Sixty-four studies investigated vitamins (23 ascorbic acid, four ß-carotene, 21 cobalamin, 11 folate, and five α-tocopherol) and 10 addressed minerals (one calcium, one copper, one magnesium, one phosphorus, three selenium, and three zinc). Pooled standardized mean differences in micronutrient levels showed positive associations with H. pylori infection for ascorbic acid (gastric juice, -1.087) and cobalamin (-0.744), and a positive effect of eradication treatment, which increased ascorbic acid in the gastric juice (-1.408) and serum cobalamin (-1.910). No significant association between infection and low folate levels was observed. Meta-analyses for other micronutrients were not performed owing to insufficient data. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analyses indicate that H. pylori infection is associated with reduced levels of ascorbic acid and cobalamin, supported by the positive effect of eradication treatment. For other micronutrients, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lahner
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, University Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Epplein M, Signorello LB, Zheng W, Cai Q, Hargreaves MK, Michel A, Pawlita M, Fowke JH, Correa P, Blot WJ. Helicobacter pylori prevalence and circulating micronutrient levels in a low-income United States population. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:871-8. [PMID: 21436385 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the leading cause of gastric cancer, and low levels of micronutrients have been observed in many developing countries, and the question remains as to the whether an association between the 2 exists. The present study seeks to further our understanding of this potential connection in the Southern Community Cohort Study, representing a low-income population in the United States. Blood levels of antibodies to H. pylori proteins were assessed by multiplex serology for a sample of 310 African American and white participants, ages 40 to 79 years. Blood collected at baseline was also assayed for levels of carotenoids, tocopherols, retinol, and folate. Multivariate linear regression was used to calculate least-squares mean micronutrient levels within groups defined by H. pylori status. The mean serum levels of all micronutrients assayed were lower among H. pylori + individuals than H. pylori - individuals, significantly for β-carotene, folate, and retinol (decreases of 27.6%, 18.6%, and 9.7%, respectively). Individuals who were seropositive to the virulent CagA+ H. pylori strains had even lower mean levels of micronutrients, particularly β-carotene, folate, total carotenoids, and retinol (decreases of 38.9%, 19.1%, 17.0%, and 11.7%, respectively, compared with H. pylori - individuals). However, dietary micronutrient levels as derived from a food frequency questionnaire did not vary between groups defined by H. pylori status. These results provide support for the hypothesis that H. pylori infection impairs nutrient absorption and suggest a need for future studies to explore the role of H. pylori infection on nutrition and gastric cancer risk in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meira Epplein
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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15
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Vílchez C, Forján E, Cuaresma M, Bédmar F, Garbayo I, Vega JM. Marine carotenoids: biological functions and commercial applications. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:319-33. [PMID: 21556162 PMCID: PMC3083653 DOI: 10.3390/md9030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are the most common pigments in nature and are synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and fungi. Carotenoids are considered key molecules for life. Light capture, photosynthesis photoprotection, excess light dissipation and quenching of singlet oxygen are among key biological functions of carotenoids relevant for life on earth. Biological properties of carotenoids allow for a wide range of commercial applications. Indeed, recent interest in the carotenoids has been mainly for their nutraceutical properties. A large number of scientific studies have confirmed the benefits of carotenoids to health and their use for this purpose is growing rapidly. In addition, carotenoids have traditionally been used in food and animal feed for their color properties. Carotenoids are also known to improve consumer perception of quality; an example is the addition of carotenoids to fish feed to impart color to farmed salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vílchez
- Algal Biotechnology Group, International Centre for Environmental Research (CIECEM), University of Huelva, 21760 Huelva, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.); (M.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Eduardo Forján
- Algal Biotechnology Group, International Centre for Environmental Research (CIECEM), University of Huelva, 21760 Huelva, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.); (M.C.); (I.G.)
| | - María Cuaresma
- Algal Biotechnology Group, International Centre for Environmental Research (CIECEM), University of Huelva, 21760 Huelva, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.); (M.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Francisco Bédmar
- Faculty of Business, University of Huelva, Plaza de la Merced 11, 21071 Huelva, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Inés Garbayo
- Algal Biotechnology Group, International Centre for Environmental Research (CIECEM), University of Huelva, 21760 Huelva, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.); (M.C.); (I.G.)
| | - José M. Vega
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; E-Mail:
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Molnár P, Deli J, Tanaka T, Kann Y, Tani S, Gyémánt N, Molnár J, Kawase M. Carotenoids with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity from Golden delicious apple. Phytother Res 2010; 24:644-8. [PMID: 19591126 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Previously it was reported that hypophasic carotenoids of Golden delicious apple peel showed potent anti-H. pylori activity (MIC(50) = 36 microg/mL), comparable to metronidazole (MIC(50) = 45 microg/mL). To further investigate the involved active carotenoids of the apple peel extracts, seven carotenoids were isolated for the current study: (all-E)-luteoxanthin, (all-E)-neoxanthin, (9'Z)-neoxanthin, (all-E)-antheraxanthin, (all-E)-violaxanthin, (9Z)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-lutein. The MIC(50) values of (all-E)-luteoxanthin, (all-E)-neoxanthin and (9'Z)-neoxanthin were 7.9, 11 and 27 microg/mL, respectively. Other carotenoids and beta,beta-carotene did not exhibit potent anti-H. pylori activity (MIC(50) > 100 microg/mL). An examination of structure and function suggested that active carotenoids contained a monofuranoid ring or an allenic bond in addition to an epoxy group and an additional two or three hydroxyl substituents on the side group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Molnár
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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18
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González CA, López-Carrillo L. Helicobacter pylori, nutrition and smoking interactions: their impact in gastric carcinogenesis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:6-14. [PMID: 20030576 DOI: 10.3109/00365520903401959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the result of a long multi-step and multifactorial process involving possible interactions between Helicobacter pylori infection, environmental exposures and host genetic susceptibility. Interactions between H. pylori infection, tobacco smoking and dietary antioxidants are biologically plausible. Positive interactions between risk factors imply that, in certain subgroups of the population, the risk of GC associated with simultaneous exposure to these factors is higher than that in the rest of the population, and these subgroups have to be the target for preventive measures. Using PubMed, we reviewed all studies published in English up to December 2008 carried out in humans on interactions between H. pylori infection and smoking exposure and between H. pylori infection and dietary factors in gastric carcinogenesis. Although relatively few epidemiological studies have evaluated the effect of the interaction between smoking and H. pylori infection on GC risk, there is a suggestion of a positive interaction between the two factors. In contrast, evidence suggests a negative interaction between dietary antioxidants and H. pylori infections on GC risk. The potential protective effect of dietary antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and beta-carotene seems to be stronger in those infected by H. pylori, even though results are inconsistent. In Asian populations, subjects infected by H. pylori and with high dietary salt intake may have a higher risk of GC than subjects without H. pylori infection and with a low salt intake. The risk of GC associated with red meat, processed meat or endogenous formation of nitrosamines appears to only be observed in subjects infected by H. pylori. More and larger epidemiological studies, mainly prospective studies, are necessary to reach a more definitive conclusion on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A González
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second commonest fatal malignancy in the world with a high incidence in China. Helicobacter pylori infection is an important factor in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown a strong causal relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer. Animal studies also show that eradication of H. pylori infection, especially at the early stage, is effective in preventing H. pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis. H. pylori eradication leads to regression and prevents the progression of gastric precancerous lesions, but only in a minority of cases. H. pylori eradication appears to be the most promising approach in gastric cancer prevention. The current available data in human studies showed that H. pylori eradication can reduce the risk of developing gastric cancer and this strategy is more useful in patients without atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia. A longer follow-up and additional studies are needed for better understanding this issue.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second most common fatal malignancy in the world. Its incidence is high in East Asia. Helicobacter pylori infection is an important factor in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Epidemiological studies have established a strong causal relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer. H. pylori eradication is therefore likely to be one of the most promising approaches to gastric cancer prevention. Animal studies have shown that eradication of H. pylori infection, especially at the early stage, is effective in preventing H. pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis. However, the available data from human studies show that H. pylori eradication does not completely prevent gastric cancer and that it might be useful only in patients without atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia at baseline. Longer follow-up and additional studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Kin Cheung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Jenab M, Riboli E, Ferrari P, Friesen M, Sabate J, Norat T, Slimani N, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boeing H, Schulz M, Linseisen J, Nagel G, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Oikonomou E, Berrino F, Panico S, Palli D, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Peeters PH, Numans ME, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Büchner FL, Lund E, Pera G, Chirlaque MD, Sánchez MJ, Arriola L, Barricarte A, Quirós JR, Johansson I, Johansson A, Berglund G, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Allen N, Key T, Carneiro F, Save V, Del Giudice G, Plebani M, Kaaks R, Gonzalez CA. Plasma and dietary carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol levels and the risk of gastric adenocarcinomas in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:406-15. [PMID: 16832408 PMCID: PMC2360629 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite declining incidence rates, gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of death worldwide. Its aetiology may involve dietary antioxidant micronutrients such as carotenoids and tocopherols. The objective of this study was to determine the association of plasma levels of seven common carotenoids, their total plasma concentration, retinol and α- and γ-tocopherol, with the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in a case–control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a large cohort involving 10 countries. A secondary objective was to determine the association of total sum of carotenoids, retinol and α-tocopherol on GCs by anatomical subsite (cardia/noncardia) and histological subtype (diffuse/intestinal). Analytes were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in prediagnostic plasma from 244 GC cases and 645 controls matched by age, gender, study centre and date of blood donation. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted by body mass index, total energy intake, smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection status were used to estimate relative cancer risks. After an average 3.2 years of follow-up, a negative association with GC risk was observed in the highest vs the lowest quartiles of plasma β-cryptoxanthin (odds ratio (OR)=0.53, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=0.30–0.94, Ptrend=0.006), zeaxanthin (OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.22–0.69, Ptrend=0.005), retinol (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.33–0.93, Ptrend=0.005) and lipid-unadjusted α-tocopherol (OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.37–0.94, Ptrend=0.022). For all analytes, no heterogeneity of risk estimates or significant associations were observed by anatomical subsite. In the diffuse histological subtype, an inverse association was observed with the highest vs lowest quartile of lipid-unadjusted α-tocopherol (OR=0.26, 95% CI=0.11–0.65, Ptrend=0.003). These results show that higher plasma concentrations of some carotenoids, retinol and α-tocopherol are associated with reduced risk of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jenab
- Nutrition and Hormones Group, IARC-WHO, Lyon, France.
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Lunet N, Valbuena C, Carneiro F, Lopes C, Barros H. Antioxidant Vitamins and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Portugal. Nutr Cancer 2006; 55:71-7. [PMID: 16965243 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5501_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We quantified the effect of antioxidant vitamins in gastric cancer risk, taking into account Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and overall fruit and vegetable intake. Incident cases were identified in two large hospitals in Porto, Portugal, and controls were randomly sampled among city dwellers. Food intake was assessed with a previously validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. A commercially available chromatographic immunoassay was used for the detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies. Complete questionnaire information and serum samples were available for 233 cases and 311 controls. Compared with subjects in the lowest tertile of dietary intake, the odds ratios (ORs) for those in the highest were 0.85 (95% confidence interval, CI = 0.45-1.60) for vitamin C, 1.04 (95% CI = 0.60-1.80) for vitamin E, and 1.33 (95% CI = 0.77-2.30) for provitamin A carotenoids after further adjusting for fruit and vegetable consumption. Fruit and vegetables remained an independent protective factor (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.23-0.89) after further adjustment for the intake of antioxidant vitamins. H. pylori status had no significant interaction with dietary items. Factors other than H. pylori infection and intake of vitamin C and provitamin A carotenoids seem to account for the inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Lunet
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
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Kim HJ, Kim MK, Chang WK, Choi HS, Choi BY, Lee SS. Effect of nutrient intake and Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric cancer in Korea: a case-control study. Nutr Cancer 2006; 52:138-46. [PMID: 16201845 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5202_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effects of dietary factor and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection with emphasis on vitamin intake on the risk of gastric cancer (GC), we conducted a case-control study in South Korea, a high-risk area for GC. Trained dietitians interviewed 136 cases histologically diagnosed with GC. An equal number of hospital controls was selected by matching sex and age. High dietary intakes of vegetable fat [odds ratio (OR) = 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15-0.83], folate (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.13-0.96), and antioxidants, such as vitamin A (OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.13-0.83), beta-carotene (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.13-0.82), vitamin C (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.09-0.72), and vitamin E (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.17-1.01), were shown to have a protective effect on GC risk using a multivariate model adjusting for foods significantly related to GC in our previous study (charcoal grilled beef, spinach, garlic, mushroom, and a number of types of kimchi) and supplement use. When stratified according to H. pylori infection, high intakes of vitamin C (OR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.02-0.63) and vitamin E (OR = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.03-0.83) exhibited highly significant inverse associations with GC among the H. pylori-infected subjects compared with noninfected individuals. GC risk was significantly decreased only when consumption levels for two of these vitamins were high. Our findings suggest that high intake of antioxidant vitamins contribute to the reduction of GC risk and that GC risk in Korea may be decreased by encouraging those with H. pylori infection to increase their intake of antioxidant vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ja Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Molnár P, Kawase M, Satoh K, Sohara Y, Tanaka T, Tani S, Sakagami H, Nakashima H, Motohashi N, Gyémánt N, Molnár J. Biological activity of carotenoids in red paprika, Valencia orange and Golden delicious apple. Phytother Res 2006; 19:700-7. [PMID: 16177974 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid fractions were extracted from red paprika, Valencia orange peel and the peel of Golden delicious apple. Thus, hypophasic carotenoids of paprika (PM1), orange (PM3) and apple (PM4), and epiphasic extractions of paprika (PM2) and apple (PM5) were obtained by extraction, saponification and partition between MeOH-H(2)O (9:1) (hypophasic) and hexane (epiphasic). A high content of capsanthin was quantified in hypophasic carotenoids (PM1) from red spice paprika, whereas the hypophasic fractions from orange (PM3) and apple (PM4) were mainly composed of violaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein. On the other hand, a high content of beta,beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin was found in epiphasic fractions (PM2 and PM5). The extracts were studied for their anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytotoxic, multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal and radical scavenging activity. Among five PM extracts and beta,betacarotene, PM4 showed potent anti-H. pylori activity (MIC(50) = 36 microg/mL), comparable to metronidazole (MIC(50) = 45 microg/mL). The extracts were inactive against HIV. PM3 and PM4 showed slightly higher cytotoxic activity against three human tumor cell lines (squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2, HSC-3, submandibular gland carcinoma HSG) and human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells than against three normal human oral cells (gingival fibroblast HGF, pulp cell HPC, periodontal ligament fibroblast HPLF), suggesting a tumor-specific cytotoxic activity. PM1, PM3 and PM4 displayed much higher MDR-reversing activity than (+/-)-verapamil. ESR spectroscopy demonstrated that PM1-5 and beta,beta-carotene produced little or no detectable radical under alkaline conditions and did not scavenge the O(2) (-) produced by the hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction. On the other hand, PM1 and PM2 scavenged efficiently 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, whereas singlet oxygen was also quenched efficiently by PM5 and PM2. The data suggest the potential importance of carotenoids as possible anti-H. pylori and MDR reversal agents. The active principles in the carotenoid extract might differ, depending upon the types of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Molnár
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, H-7601 Hungary
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Sugimoto N, Yoshida N, Nakamura Y, Ichikawa H, Naito Y, Okanoue T, Yoshikawa T. Influence of vitamin E on gastric mucosal injury induced by Helicobacter pylori infection. Biofactors 2006; 28:9-19. [PMID: 17264389 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520280102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of vitamin E on gastric mucosal injury induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Male Mongolian gerbils were divided into 4 groups (normal group without H. pylori infection, vitamin E-deficient, -sufficient and -supplemented groups with H. pylori infection). Following oral inoculation with H. pylori (ATCC43504 2 x 10(8) CFU), animals were fed diets alpha-tocopherol 2 mg/100 g diet in the normal and vitamin E-sufficient groups and alpha-tocopherol 0.1 mg/100 g and 50 mg/100 g in the vitamin E-deficient and -supplemented groups, respectively, for 24 weeks. Chronic gastritis was detected in all gerbils inoculated H. pylori. Gastric ulcer was detected in 2 of 7 gerbils only in the vitamin E-deficient group. In the vitamin E-deficient group, myeloperoxidase activity and mouse keratinocyte derived chemokine (KC) in gastric mucosa was significantly higher than in the vitamin E supplemented group. Subsequently, in an in vitro study expression of CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils was enhanced by H. pylori water extract. This effect was suppressed in a dose dependent manner by the addition of alpha-tocopherol. These results suggest that vitamin E has a protective effect on gastric mucosal injury induced by H. pylori infection in gerbils, through the inhibition of accumulation of activated neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohito Sugimoto
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Saijo Y, Utsugi M, Yoshioka E, Horikawa N, Sato T, Gong Y, Kishi R. Relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection to arterial stiffness in Japanese subjects. Hypertens Res 2005; 28:283-92. [PMID: 16138557 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.28.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains controversial, and the relationship between H. pylori and the early stage of atherosclerosis has not been fully investigated. We investigated the influence of H. pylori infection on arterial stiffness to clarify whether H. pylori infection is related to early-stage atherosclerosis. The subjects were 3,412 males and 854 females. Anti-H. pylori antibody and C-reactive protein (CRP) level were measured. Arterial stiffness was evaluated using the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV). In multivariate logistic repression analyses of male subjects, H. pylori seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 1.27 [95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.52]) and H. pylori seropositivity with a high CRP value (>0.045 mg/dl) (OR 1.50 [1.14-1.98]) were significantly related to a high value of PWV. In the analyses of male subjects aged < or = 49 years, H. pylori seropositivity (OR 1.40 [1.04-1.88]) and H. pylori seropositivity with a high CRP value (OR 1.81 [1.16-2.80]) were also significantly related to a high value of PWV. However, in male subjects aged > or = 50 years and female subjects, no associations were found. These results suggest that inflammation following H. pylori infection contributes to the early stage of atherosclerosis in younger males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Saijo
- Department of Public Heath, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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27
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Sun YQ, Girgensone I, Leanderson P, Petersson F, Borch K. Effects of antioxidant vitamin supplements on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. Helicobacter 2005; 10:33-42. [PMID: 15691313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2005.00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies show that high intake of food-bound vitamin C and E reduces the risk of gastric cancer. Whether dietary supplementation with antioxidant micronutrients interferes with Helicobacter pylori infection and associated diseases is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary vitamin C or E supplementation influences the progression of gastritis, gastric mucosal nitrosative and oxidative protein damage, gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation, or gastric mucosal oxidative DNA damage in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gerbils were divided into four groups: H. pylori-infected animals fed with vitamin C- or vitamin E-supplemented food, and infected and uninfected animals given standard rodent food. Subgroups of animals were killed at different time-points until 52 weeks postinfection. Concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the gastric mucosa were determined with an immunodot blot and a fluorometric method, respectively. Mucosal concentrations of carbonyl carbons on proteins and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gastritis was scored semiquantitatively. RESULTS Vitamin supplements had no effect on the colonization with H. pylori. Vitamin C as well as vitamin E supplements reduced mucosal 3-nitrotyrosine concentrations to normal levels in infected animals. Vitamin E supplements decreased mucosal protein carbonyls and TBARS in short-term gastritis. In addition, vitamin C supplements caused attenuated mucosal oxidative DNA damage and milder mucosal inflammation in short-term gastritis. CONCLUSION Vitamin C or vitamin E supplementation leads to some short-term protective effects on H. pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. These effects seem to subside over time when the infection persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qian Sun
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Linköping, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
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28
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Salgueiro J, Zubillaga M, Goldman C, Barrado A, Martinez Sarrasague M, Leonardi N, Boccio J. Review article: is there a link between micronutrient malnutrition and Helicobacter pylori infection? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20:1029-34. [PMID: 15569104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes a chronic gastric infection, which is usually life-long. Many epidemiological studies have shown that this is probably one of the most common bacterial infections throughout the world involving 30% of the population living in developed countries and up to 80-90% of the population in developing regions. Concomitantly, developing regions also have high prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition. In the last few years, some studies have suggested that H. pylori infection may affect the homeostasis of different micronutrients including iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C and beta-carotene. In this article, we discuss the current scientific information of the effect that H. pylori infection may produce on micronutrient malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Salgueiro
- Stable Isotope Laboratory Applied to Biology and Medicine, Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Higdon J, Frei B. Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and b-Carotene in Cancer Chemoprevention. PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS IN CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION 2004. [DOI: 10.1201/9780203506707.ch21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Environmental Factors in Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Precancerous Lesions in Venezuela. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.468.13.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Although Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been acknowledged to play an etiological role in gastric carcinogenesis, its relatively weak association particularly in developing countries suggests critical roles of cofactors. Among a population with an extremely high prevalence of HP infection (≈95%) in Venezuela, we examined the relationship of household characteristics, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary consumption, and plasma nutrient levels with the prevalence of three different stages of gastric precancerous lesions, chronic atrophic gastritis (AG; n = 337), intestinal metaplasia (IM; n = 551), and dysplasia (n = 157), in comparison with those without any of these lesions (n = 1154). Length of refrigerator use was marginally inversely associated with the prevalence of the precursor lesions studied. The association was most pronounced for AG followed by dysplasia. On the other hand, smoking status was a significant predictor for IM and dysplasia. Those smoking ≥10 cigarettes/day had 1.8-fold risk of IM and 3.6-fold risk of dysplasia compared with never smokers. There were no associations with alcohol consumption. When six food groups known to be associated with stomach cancer risk in Venezuela were tested, the prevalence of these lesions progressively increased with increasing starchy vegetable consumption and decreasing fresh fruit/fruit juice consumption. The association with fruits was more evident for dysplasia and AG and that with starchy vegetables for IM and AG. However, there were no inverse associations with plasma antioxidant vitamins. These findings offer important public health implications in preventing progression of HP-associated gastric precancerous lesions in high-risk populations.
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Abstract
At an individual level Helicobacter pylori was associated with the occurrence of gastric cancer but in some African and Asian countries its prevalence runs with low gastric cancer rates, the so-called African and Asian enigmas. We assessed whether the association between gastric cancer and H. pylori prevalence at an area level is modified by the level of exposure to fruits and vegetables, alcohol or tobacco. Regression models were fitted to data from 58 countries using as dependent variable log transformed gastric cancer rates and as independent covariables the H. pylori prevalence, fruits and vegetables consumption, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and interaction terms. The levels of alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking modified the association between gastric cancer and H. pylori infection. Models including H. pylori prevalence, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and the interaction terms H. pylori x alcohol or H. pylori x tobacco were used to compute gastric cancer incidence multiplying regression coefficients by a H. pylori prevalence of 85% (the approximate median in African countries) and the median figures observed in each continent for alcohol and tobacco availability. The expected gastric cancer incidence per 100,000 would be 5.7 assuming the alcohol and tobacco availability in African countries, 7.0 in Asia and Oceania, 16.0 in America and 26.0 in Europe. The interaction between H. pylori and cigarette or alcohol consumption may contribute to further explain the international variation in gastric cancer and the so-called African and Asian enigmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Lunet
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
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32
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Capurso G, Ricci R, Panzuto F, Baccini F, Passi S, Di Giulio E, Delle Fave G, Annibale B. Intragastric ascorbic but not uric acid is depleted in relation with the increased pH in patients with atrophic body gastritis and H. pylori gastritis. Helicobacter 2003; 8:300-6. [PMID: 12950602 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-5378.2003.00157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori gastritis induces reversible lowering of Ascorbic Acid (AA) intragastric concentrations. No studies have been aimed at determining the gastric juice AA concentration of atrophic body gastritis (ABG) patients. Uric Acid (UA), is another potent hydro-soluble scavenger of ROS and its possible modification in the gastric juice of patients with H. pylori gastritis have never been investigated. This study was aimed at investigating the levels of AA and UA in the plasma and gastric juice of ABG patients, compared with H. pylori positive patients without corporal atrophy, and with healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen ABG patients (Group 1); 32 Chronic non-atrophic H. pylori gastritis patients (Group 2); and 13 healthy stomach controls (Group 3) attending gastroscopy with gastric biopsies (antrum=3, corpus=3) had plasma and intragastric levels of AA and UA measured. RESULTS Intragastric AA concentration was significantly lower in group 1 (median 0.21 microg/ml, range 0.1-24) compared both with groups 2 (median 5.5 microg/ml, range 0.1-33.2) (p=0.043) and 3 (median 14.9 microg/ml, range 0.34-44.8) (p=0.0028). Intragastric UA was not different between the three groups. Intragastric AA concentration resulted negatively correlated with the intragastric pH (Spearman r=-0.47, p=0.0003). In patients with gastritis (groups 1 and 2) there was a significant negative correlation between the sum of the Sydney Score variables in the body mucosa, and AA in the gastric juice (Spearman r=-0.55; p=0.0001). CONCLUSION The study shows that intragastric pH is the key factor for the depletion of gastric juice AA observed in patients with corporal atrophy and to a lower extent with nonatrophic H. pylori gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, II. Medical School, University La Sapienza Rome, Italy
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Liu BH, Lee YK. Effect of total secondary carotenoids extracts from Chlorococcum sp on Helicobacter pylori-infected BALB/c mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:979-86. [PMID: 12810355 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(03)00096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen associated with type B gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. A high intake of carotenoids has been suggested to prevent development of gastric malignancies. Microalgae Chlorococcum sp. could accumulate secondary carotenoids under stress conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether dietary cell extract of Chlorococcum sp. could affect the bacterial load of H. pylori infected BALB/c mice and whether it could induce modulation of cytokine production. BALB/c mice were infected with H. pylori three times at 2-day intervals. Two weeks later, they were orally fed with cell extract of Chlorococcum sp. for the following 2 weeks. Animals were killed at the end of the experiments. Stomachs were removed and paraffin sections were stained for histology examination. Splenocytes were obtained and cultured in vitro with H. pylori sonicate to evaluate induction of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion. Mice treated with carotenoids-rich algal meal showed significantly reduced bacterial load and gastric inflammation. These changes were associated with a shift of the T-lymphocytes response from a predominant T helper type 1 (Th1) response dominated by IFN-gamma to a Th1/Th2 response with IFN-gamma and IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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34
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Annibale B, Capurso G, Delle Fave G. Consequences of Helicobacter pylori infection on the absorption of micronutrients. Dig Liver Dis 2002; 34 Suppl 2:S72-7. [PMID: 12408446 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(02)80170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and various important micronutrients, including iron and vitamin B12, suggesting likely biological factors in the association between Helicobacter pylori and microcytic or macrocytic anaemia. There is some evidence that direct or indirect consequences of Helicobacter pylori gastritis on acid secretion account for the role of the bacterium in the absorption process of iron and Vitamin B12. The plasma, intragastric and mucosal concentration of different antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid, a-tocopherol and beta-carotene is also affected by Helicobacter pylori gastritis supporting the possible role of Helicobacter pylori in the multistep cascade leading to gastric carcinogenesis. The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and micronutrients is, therefore, a promising and, until now, poorly investigated field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Annibale
- Department of Digestive and Liver Disease, II Medical School, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University La Sapienza Rome, Italy.
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