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Mangion J, Gruppetta M. The environmental burden on endocrine neoplasia: a review on the documented impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:513-524. [PMID: 37840278 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2268215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have gained more importance in the past decade, mostly due to their role in the pathogenesis of disease, especially in carcinogenesis. However, there is limited literature on the environmental burden on some of the less common endocrine neoplasia. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on both observational and experimental studies linking exposure to EDCs and endocrine neoplasia specifically pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and neuroendocrine tumors. Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of English peer-reviewed literature was performed using Medline and Google Scholar, giving preference to recent publications. EXPERT OPINION Exposure to EDC occurs not only in the household but also at work, whether it is in the office, factory, or farm and during transport from one location to another. Many studies have evaluated the effect of single environmental agents; however, humans are rarely exposed to only one EDC. Different EDCs and different levels of exposure may interact together to provide either a synergistic and/or an antagonistic disruption on human health, and hence a complex mechanism to elucidate. The ultimate adverse effect is difficult to predict, as it is not only influenced by the degree of exposure, but also by genetics, lifestyle, comorbidities, and other stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mangion
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Neuroendocrine Clinic, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Mark Gruppetta
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Neuroendocrine Clinic, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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Boukheris H, Brakni L, Fihri Boubezari R, Bettayeb A, Bachir Bouaidjra N, Bensetti Houari A, Mohamed Brahim F, Simerabet A, Achour Z, Attar S, Saim H, Berber N. [Evaluation of thyroid cancer data completeness and quality at a population-based cancer registry, Algeria]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:873-882. [PMID: 36949001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last three decades the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased in many regions of the world, however little is known about TC incidence and trends in Algeria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using data from the Oran cancer registry (OCR) we assessed TC incidence and trends in Oran for the period 1996-2013 with the historical data method. The incidence curves were unstable and did not show any clear trend. Therefore, we actively collected data on TC for the period 1996-2013 using the multisource approach and the independent case ascertainment method. RESULTS Analysis of actively collected and validated data showed a significant increase in the incidence of TC. We compared the two databases to identify differences. There were 558 TC cases during the period 1996-2013 in the OCR, while our active data collection enabled us to find 1,391 TC cases during the same period. The completeness rate in the OCR was 40.1%. These differences were due to our approach that consisted in the inclusion of a greater number of health facilities and laboratories (44 versus 23 in the OCR), and the active data collection in the nuclear medicine facility of the University Hospital of Tlemcen that we undertook. CONCLUSIONS The application of the recommendations of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to enhance data completeness and quality, and an active collection of TC data in the nuclear medicine facility of the University Hospital of Tlemcen should make the OCR an essential tool for decision-making in public health and for directing health policy towards health priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Boukheris
- Université Abderrahmane Mira de Bejaia, Faculté de médecine; CHU de Bejaia, service d'épidémiologie et médecine préventive.
| | - Lila Brakni
- Université d'Alger, Faculté de médecine; Hôpital Central de l'Armée, service d'endocrinologie et maladies métaboliques
| | - Reda Fihri Boubezari
- Université Abderrahmane Mira de Bejaia, Faculté de médecine; CHU de Bejaia, service des urgences
| | | | | | - Amina Bensetti Houari
- Université d'Oran, Faculté de médecine; CHU d'Oran, service de chirurgie générale adulte
| | - Farouk Mohamed Brahim
- Université d'Oran, Faculté de médecine; CHU d'Oran, service de chirurgie générale adulte
| | - Azeddine Simerabet
- Université d'Oran, Faculté de médecine; CHU d'Oran, service de chirurgie thoracique
| | - Zineb Achour
- CHU de Tlemcen, service d'épidémiologie et médecine préventive
| | - Sara Attar
- CHU de Tlemcen, service d'épidémiologie et médecine préventive
| | - Hafida Saim
- CHU de Tlemcen, service d'épidémiologie et médecine préventive
| | - Necib Berber
- CHU De Tlemcen, service de médecine nucléaire; Université de Tlemcen, Faculté de Médecine, Tlemcen, Algérie
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Chen DW, Lang BHH, McLeod DSA, Newbold K, Haymart MR. Thyroid cancer. Lancet 2023; 401:1531-1544. [PMID: 37023783 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The past 5-10 years have brought in a new era in the care of patients with thyroid cancer, with the introduction of transformative diagnostic and management options. Several international ultrasound-based thyroid nodule risk stratification systems have been developed with the goal of reducing unnecessary biopsies. Less invasive alternatives to surgery for low-risk thyroid cancer, such as active surveillance and minimally invasive interventions, are being explored. New systemic therapies are now available for patients with advanced thyroid cancer. However, in the setting of these advances, disparities exist in the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer. As new management options are becoming available for thyroid cancer, it is essential to support population-based studies and randomised clinical trials that will inform evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on the management of thyroid cancer, and to include diverse patient populations in research to better understand and subsequently address existing barriers to equitable thyroid cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie W Chen
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian H H Lang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Donald S A McLeod
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Newbold
- Thyroid Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Megan R Haymart
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Bukasa-Kakamba J, Bayauli P, Sabbah N, Bidingija J, Atoot A, Mbunga B, Nkodila A, Atoot A, Bangolo AI, M'Buyamba-Kabangu JR. Ultrasound performance using the EU-TIRADS score in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer in Congolese hospitals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18442. [PMID: 36323772 PMCID: PMC9630411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid imaging reporting and data systems by the European Thyroid Association (EU-TIRADS) has been widely used in malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules. However, there is a paucity of data in developing countries, especially in Africa, to validate the use of this scoring system. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic value of the EU-TIRADS score in Congolese hospitals, using pathological examination after surgery as the gold standard in Congolese hospitals. This retrospective and analytical study examined clinical, ultrasound and pathological data of 549 patients aged 45 ± 14 years, including 468 females (85.2%), operated for thyroid nodule between January 2005 and January 2019. In the present study, only the highest graded nodule according to the EU-TIRADS score in each patient was taken into account for the statistical analyses. So 549 nodules were considered. Nodules classified EU-TIRADS 2 and 3 on the one hand, and, on the other hand, 4 and 5, were considered respectively at low and high risk of malignancy. The sensitivity and specificity of the EU-TIRADS score were calculated. The significance level was set at 5%. Of all patients, 21.7% had malignant nodules. They made 48.4% of the nodules in patients younger than and at 20 years old, and 31.1% in those aged 60 or over. Malignant nodules were more frequent in men than in women (30.9% vs. 20.1%; p = 0.024). Papillary carcinoma (67.2%) and follicular carcinoma (21.8%) were the main types. The malignancy rate was 39.7% and 1.5% among nodules rated EU-TIRADS 4 and 5, and those with EU-TIRADS score 2 and 3, respectively (p < 0.001). The EU-TIRADS score had a sensitivity of 96.6% and a specificity of 59.3%. The ROC curve indicated an area under the curve of 0.862. In a low-income country, a well performed thyroid ultrasound, using the EU-TIRADS score, could be an important tool in the selection of thyroid nodules suspected of malignancy and requiring histopathological examination in the Congolese hospital setting.Trial registration: The research protocol had obtained the favorable opinion of the DRC national health ethics committee no. 197/CNES/BN/PMMF/2020. The data was collected and analyzed anonymously.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bukasa-Kakamba
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nuclear Medicine, Kinshasa University Clinics, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, André Rosemon Hospital Center, University of Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana.
- Department of Endocrinology, Liege University Hospital Center, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Bayauli
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nuclear Medicine, Kinshasa University Clinics, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nadia Sabbah
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, André Rosemon Hospital Center, University of Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Antilles-French Guiana Clinical Investigation Center, Clinical Research Center (CIC), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1424, Cayenne Hospital Center, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Joseph Bidingija
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nuclear Medicine, Kinshasa University Clinics, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ali Atoot
- Department of Anesthesia, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Branly Mbunga
- Department of Family Medicine, Protestant University of Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aliocha Nkodila
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Family Medicine, Protestant University of Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Adam Atoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center/Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ, USA
| | - Ayrton Ilolo Bangolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center/Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ, USA.
| | - Jean Rene M'Buyamba-Kabangu
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nuclear Medicine, Kinshasa University Clinics, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Kim S, Song SH, Lee CW, Kwon JT, Park EY, Oh JK, Kim HJ, Park E, Kim B. Low-Level Environmental Mercury Exposure and Thyroid Cancer Risk Among Residents Living Near National Industrial Complexes in South Korea: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Thyroid 2022; 32:1118-1128. [PMID: 35950626 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggested that mercury may be linked to thyroid cancer due to its bioaccumulation in the thyroid gland, but no studies have evaluated the association between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer risk. We examined the relationship between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer risk, with the potential modification of hematological parameters. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study among residents living near industrial complexes in South Korea (recruited from 2003 to 2011). Incident thyroid cancer cases (C73, ICD-10 code) were identified from the National Cancer Registry and Statistics Korea. Urinary mercury concentrations were measured using thermal decomposition amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA-AAS). Cox proportional hazards regression models (adjusted for age, sex, educational level, smoking status, and employment) were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval [CI] between mercury exposure and the incidence of thyroid cancer. Results: We documented 69 cases of thyroid cancer in a total of 5213 participants during follow-up (median 8.7 years). The geometric mean of urinary mercury concentration was 1.8 μg/L for thyroid cancer cases and 1.2 μg/L for noncases (p for difference = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, those in the highest tertile of urinary mercury levels had a twofold higher risk of thyroid cancer (HR = 1.97 [CI 1.03 - 3.80] in the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile, p for trend = 0.043). This association was stronger for those with lower mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin status. Conclusions: Urinary mercury concentration was positively associated with the risk of thyroid cancer among residents living near national industrial complexes, and this association was influenced by red blood cell indices status. These results provide some evidence suggesting the adverse effects of environmental metal pollution in the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Song
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Cancer Big Data Center, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Park
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Pizzato M, Li M, Vignat J, Laversanne M, Singh D, La Vecchia C, Vaccarella S. The epidemiological landscape of thyroid cancer worldwide: GLOBOCAN estimates for incidence and mortality rates in 2020. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:264-272. [PMID: 35271818 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer incidence rates have increased in many countries and settings; however, mortality rates have remained stable at lower rates. This epidemiological pattern has been largely attributed to an overdiagnosis effect. Timely evidence for the global epidemiological status is necessary to identify the magnitude of this problem and the areas mostly affected by it. We therefore aimed to provide an up-to-date assessment on the global distribution of thyroid cancer incidence and mortality rates in 2020. METHODS We extracted age-standardised incidence and mortality rates per 100 000 person-years of thyroid cancer as defined by the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology 10th Revision (code C73), for 185 countries or territories by sex and 18 age groups (ie, 0-4, 5-9, …, 80-84, and ≥85 years) from the GLOBOCAN database. Both incidence and mortality estimates were presented by country and aggregated across the 20 UN-defined world regions and according to the UN's four-tier Human Development Index (ie, low, medium, high, and very high) in 2020. FINDINGS Globally, in 2020, the age-standardised incidence rates of thyroid cancer were 10·1 per 100 000 women and 3·1 per 100 000 men, and age-standardised mortality rates were 0·5 per 100 000 women and 0·3 per 100 000 men. In both sexes, incidence rates were five times higher in high and very high Human Development Index countries than in low and medium Human Development Index countries, whereas mortality rates were relatively similar across different settings. Incidence rates in women differed by more than 15 times across world regions, with the highest incidence rates being in the Federated States of Micronesia and French Polynesia (18·5 per 100 000 women), North America (18·4 per 100 000), and east Asia (17·8 per 100 000, with South Korea reaching 45 per 100 000). Mortality rates were less than one per 100 000 in most countries and in both sexes. South Korea had the highest incidence-to-mortality rate ratio in both sexes, followed by Cyprus and Canada. INTERPRETATION The current thyroid cancer epidemiological landscape is strongly suggestive of a large effect of overdiagnosis in many countries and settings worldwide, confirming the relevance of thyroid cancer overdiagnosis as a global public health problem. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Pizzato
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jerome Vignat
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Laversanne
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Fry KL, Gillings MM, Isley CF, Gunkel-Grillon P, Taylor MP. Trace element contamination of soil and dust by a New Caledonian ferronickel smelter: Dispersal, enrichment, and human health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117593. [PMID: 34245983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallurgical industries remain a considerable source of trace element contamination and potential human health risk. Determination of sources is a key challenge. With respect to the South Pacific's largest and longest operating metallurgic smelter in Nouméa, New Caledonia, determining the environmental impact and subsequent human health risk associated with local ferronickel smelting is complicated by natural geological enrichment of Ni and Cr. This study applies a multi-method and multi-matrix approach to disentangle smelter emissions from geogenic sources and model the consequent health risk from industrial activity. Dust wipes (n = 108), roadside soil (n = 91), garden soil (n = 15) and household vacuum dust (n = 39) were assessed to explore geospatial trace element (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, V and Zn) variations across outdoor and indoor environments. Enrichment factors (EF) identified elevated levels of smelter-related trace elements: S (EF = 7), Ni (EF = 6) and Cr (EF = 4), as well as Zn (EF = 4). Smelter-related elements in soil and dust deposits were negatively correlated with distance from the facility. Similarity of Pb isotopic compositions between dust wipes, surface soil and vacuum dust indicated that potentially toxic trace elements are being tracked into homes. Non-carcinogenic health risk modelling (Hazard Index, HI) based on 15 spatial nodes across Nouméa revealed widespread exceedance of tolerable risk for children (0-2 years) for Ni (HI 1.3-15.8) and Mn (HI 0.6-1.8). Risk was greatest near the smelter and to the north-west, in the direction of prevailing wind. Given the elevated cancer risk documented in New Caledonia, disentanglement of environmental from industrial sources warrants further attention to ensure community health protection. Our analysis illustrates how the confounding effects from complex environmental factors can be distilled to improve the accuracy of point source apportionment to direct future mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Fry
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - M M Gillings
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C F Isley
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Gunkel-Grillon
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), University of New Caledonia, BPR4 98851 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia, France
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia.
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Gianì F, Masto R, Trovato MA, Malandrino P, Russo M, Pellegriti G, Vigneri P, Vigneri R. Heavy Metals in the Environment and Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4052. [PMID: 34439207 PMCID: PMC8393334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased more than most other cancers, paralleling the generalized worldwide increase in metal pollution. This review provides an overview of the evidence supporting a possible causative link between the increase in heavy metals in the environment and thyroid cancer. The major novelty is that human thyroid stem/progenitor cells (thyrospheres) chronically exposed to different metals at slightly increased environmentally relevant concentrations show a biphasic increase in proliferation typical of hormesis. The molecular mechanisms include, for all metals investigated, the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathway. A metal mixture, at the same concentration of individual metals, was more effective. Under the same conditions, mature thyrocytes were unaffected. Preliminary data with tungsten indicate that, after chronic exposure, additional abnormalities may occur and persist in thyrocytes derived from exposed thyrospheres, leading to a progeny population of transformation-prone thyroid cells. In a rat model predisposed to develop thyroid cancer, long-term exposure to low levels of metals accelerated and worsened histological signs of malignancy in the thyroid. These studies provide new insight on metal toxicity and carcinogenicity occurring in thyroid cells at a low stage of differentiation when chronically exposed to metal concentrations that are slightly increased, albeit still in the "normal" range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.G.); (R.M.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Roberta Masto
- Endocrinology, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.G.); (R.M.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.G.); (R.M.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.G.); (R.M.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.G.); (R.M.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Medical Oncology and Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.G.); (R.M.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cristallography Institute, Catania Section, via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
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9
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Truong T, Lesueur F, Sugier PE, Guibon J, Xhaard C, Karimi M, Kulkarni O, Lucotte EA, Bacq-Daian D, Boland-Auge A, Mulot C, Laurent-Puig P, Schvartz C, Guizard AV, Ren Y, Adjadj E, Rachédi F, Borson-Chazot F, Ortiz RM, Lence-Anta JJ, Pereda CM, Comiskey DF, He H, Liyanarachchi S, de la Chapelle A, Elisei R, Gemignani F, Thomsen H, Forsti A, Herzig AF, Leutenegger AL, Rubino C, Ostroumova E, Kesminiene A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Deleuze JF, Guénel P, de Vathaire F. Multiethnic genome-wide association study of differentiated thyroid cancer in the EPITHYR consortium. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2935-2946. [PMID: 33527407 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) varies considerably between ethnic groups, with particularly high incidence rates in Pacific Islanders. DTC is one of the cancers with the highest familial risk suggesting a major role of genetic risk factors, but only few susceptibility loci were identified so far. In order to assess the contribution of known DTC susceptibility loci and to identify new ones, we conducted a multiethnic genome-wide association study (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry and of Oceanian ancestry from Pacific Islands. Our study included 1554 cases/1973 controls of European ancestry and 301 cases/348 controls of Oceanian ancestry from seven population-based case-control studies participating to the EPITHYR consortium. All participants were genotyped using the OncoArray-500K Beadchip (Illumina). We confirmed the association with the known DTC susceptibility loci at 2q35, 8p12, 9q22.33 and 14q13.3 in the European ancestry population and suggested two novel signals at 1p31.3 and 16q23.2, which were associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in previous GWAS. We additionally replicated an association with 5p15.33 reported previously in Chinese and European populations. Except at 1p31.3, all associations were in the same direction in the population of Oceanian ancestry. We also observed that the frequencies of risk alleles at 2q35, 5p15.33 and 16q23.2 were significantly higher in Oceanians than in Europeans. However, additional GWAS and epidemiological studies in Oceanian populations are needed to fully understand the highest incidence observed in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Truong
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", Villejuif, France
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Sugier
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", Villejuif, France
| | - Julie Guibon
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", Villejuif, France
- Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Constance Xhaard
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Epidemiology of radiations", Villejuif, France
- University of Lorraine, INSERM CIC 1433, Nancy CHRU, Inserm U1116, FCRIN, INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Mojgan Karimi
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", Villejuif, France
| | - Om Kulkarni
- Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Elise A Lucotte
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", Villejuif, France
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland-Auge
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Claire Mulot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
| | - Claire Schvartz
- Registre des Cancers Thyroïdiens, Institut GODINOT, Reims, France
| | - Anne-Valérie Guizard
- Registre Général des tumeurs du Calvados, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
- Inserm U1086 -UCN "ANTICIPE", Caen, France
| | - Yan Ren
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Epidemiology of radiations", Villejuif, France
| | - Elisabeth Adjadj
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Epidemiology of radiations", Villejuif, France
| | - Frédérique Rachédi
- Endocrinology Unit, Territorial Hospital Taaone, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Francoise Borson-Chazot
- Fédération d'endocrinologie, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, EA 7425, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Daniel F Comiskey
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Huiling He
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandya Liyanarachchi
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Hauke Thomsen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- GeneWerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta Forsti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony F Herzig
- Inserm, U1078, GGB, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EFS, Brest, France
| | | | - Carole Rubino
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Epidemiology of radiations", Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Pascal Guénel
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", Villejuif, France
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Team "Epidemiology of radiations", Villejuif, France
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10
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Lee JH, Chai YJ, Yi KH. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Thyroid Cancer: Meta-Analysis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:590-598. [PMID: 34034364 PMCID: PMC8258339 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although smoking is generally carcinogenic, its effect on thyroid cancers is still subject to controversy. The purpose of this study was to summarize the role of smoking in relation to thyroid cancer occurrence. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of 24 eligible studies: 21 case-control studies and three prospective cohort studies. The summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all studies were acquired based on random effect model. Further subgroup analyses were conducted according to gender, histological type of thyroid cancer, and smoking status of patients for the case-control studies. RESULTS The summary effect size indicated a negative association of smoking for thyroid cancer (OR, 0.798; 95% CI, 0.681 to 0.935). From the subgroup analyses for the case-control studies, reduced risk of thyroid cancer was observed in both men (OR, 0.734; 95% CI, 0.553 to 0.974) and women (OR, 0.792; 95% CI, 0.700 to 0.897). The protective effect of smoking was observed in studies in which thyroid cancer was limited to differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) (OR, 0.798; 95% CI, 0.706 to 0.902). CONCLUSION Our results suggests that smoking may have a protective effect on thyroid cancer, especially on DTCs. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted in elucidating the dose and time dependent effect of smoking on thyroid cancer with specific focus on the types of thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Hyop Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Young Jun Chai
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine & Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ka Hee Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea
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11
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Guibon J, Sugier PE, Kulkarni O, Karimi M, Bacq-Daian D, Besse C, Boland A, Adjadj E, Rachédi F, Rubino C, Xhaard C, Mulot C, Laurent-Puig P, Guizard AV, Schvartz C, Ortiz RM, Ren Y, Ostroumova E, Deleuze JF, Boutron-Ruault MC, Kesminiene A, De Vathaire F, Guénel P, Lesueur F, Truong T. Fine-mapping of two differentiated thyroid carcinoma susceptibility loci at 2q35 and 8p12 in Europeans, Melanesians and Polynesians. Oncotarget 2021; 12:493-506. [PMID: 33747362 PMCID: PMC7939525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) incidence is characterized by wide ethnic and geographic variations, with high incidence rates observed in Oceanian populations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified mainly four DTC susceptibility loci at 9q22.33, 14q13.3, 2q35 and 8p12. Here we performed fine-mapping of the 2q35 and 8p12 loci in the population of the EPITHYR consortium that includes Europeans, Melanesians and Polynesians to identify likely causal variants for DTC risk. We conducted a colocalization analysis using eQTLs data to determine the SNPs with the highest probability of causality. At 2q35, we highlighted rs16857609 located in DIRC3. This SNP has a high probability of causality in the three populations, and a significant association in Europeans (OR = 1.4, p = 1.9 x 10-10). It is also associated with expression of DIRC3 and of the nearby gene IGFBP5 in thyroid tumour cells. At 8p12, we identified rs7844425 which was significantly associated with DTC in Europeans (OR = 1.32, p = 7.6 x 10-8) and rs2439304, which was highlighted by the colocalization analysis but only moderately associated with DTC in our dataset (OR = 1.2, p = 0.001). These SNPs are linked to the expression of NRG1 in thyroid tissue. Hence, our study identified novel variants at 2q35 and 8p12 to be prioritized for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guibon
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Exposome and Heredity Team, Villejuif, France
- Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Sugier
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Exposome and Heredity Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Om Kulkarni
- University Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Mojgan Karimi
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Exposome and Heredity Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- University Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Céline Besse
- University Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- University Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Elisabeth Adjadj
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Epidemiology of Radiations Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédérique Rachédi
- Endocrinology Unit, Territorial Hospital Taaone, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Carole Rubino
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Epidemiology of Radiations Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Constance Xhaard
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Epidemiology of Radiations Team, Villejuif, France
- University of Lorraine, INSERM CIC 1433, Nancy CHRU, Inserm U1116, FCRIN, INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Claire Mulot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Valérie Guizard
- Registre Général des Tumeurs du Calvados, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
- Inserm U1086 -UCN "ANTICIPE", Caen, France
| | - Claire Schvartz
- Registre des Cancers Thyroïdiens, Institut Godinot, Reims, France
| | | | - Yan Ren
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Epidemiology of Radiations Team, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jean-François Deleuze
- University Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | | | | | - Florent De Vathaire
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Epidemiology of Radiations Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascal Guénel
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Exposome and Heredity Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Thérèse Truong
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Exposome and Heredity Team, Villejuif, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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12
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Malandrino P, Russo M, Gianì F, Pellegriti G, Vigneri P, Belfiore A, Rizzarelli E, Vigneri R. Increased Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Volcanic Areas: A Role of Increased Heavy Metals in the Environment? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103425. [PMID: 32408629 PMCID: PMC7279170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence is significantly increased in volcanic areas, where relevant non-anthropogenic pollution with heavy metals is present in the environment. This review will discuss whether chronic lifelong exposure to slightly increased levels of metals can contribute to the increase in thyroid cancer in the residents of a volcanic area. The influence of metals on living cells depends on the physicochemical properties of the metals and their interaction with the target cell metallostasis network, which includes transporters, intracellular binding proteins, and metal-responsive elements. Very little is known about the carcinogenic potential of slightly increased metal levels on the thyroid, which might be more sensitive to mutagenic damage because of its unique biology related to iodine, which is a very reactive and strongly oxidizing agent. Different mechanisms could explain the specific carcinogenic effect of borderline/high environmental levels of metals on the thyroid, including (a) hormesis, the nonlinear response to chemicals causing important biological effects at low concentrations; (b) metal accumulation in the thyroid relative to other tissues; and (c) the specific effects of a mixture of different metals. Recent evidence related to all of these mechanisms is now available, and the data are compatible with a cause–effect relationship between increased metal levels in the environment and an increase in thyroid cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Medical Oncology and the Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cristallography Institute (Catania Section), via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy; (P.M.); (M.R.); (F.G.); (G.P.); (A.B.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cristallography Institute (Catania Section), via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-759-8747
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13
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Paquet M, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Baron-Dubourdieu D, Boutron-Ruault MC, Guénel P, Truong T. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in New Caledonia. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:95-107. [PMID: 31509174 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite research efforts, current knowledge of the etiology of thyroid carcinoma remains limited. To explore the potential role of diet-induced inflammation, we examined the association between differentiated thyroid cancer risk and the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) in a population-based case-control study conducted in New Caledonia, a Pacific archipelago with one of the highest recorded thyroid cancer incidence rates in the world. The E-DII was computed from food frequency questionnaire information on usual dietary intake. Logistic regression analyses were performed on data from 324 histologically confirmed cases of papillary or follicular carcinoma, diagnosed from 1993 to 1999, and 402 controls. Positive associations between E-DII and thyroid cancer risk were observed (comparing extreme tertiles, odds ratio = 1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.58; P for trend = 0.002), with stronger associations found for larger carcinomas (P for trend = 0.0005). Stratified analyses showed an increased risk of thyroid cancer associated with the E-DII among Southern province residents (P for trend = 0.003), Melanesian women (P for trend = 0.02), obese participants (P for trend = 0.006), and ever-smokers (P for trend = 0.0005). Our results suggest that a proinflammatory diet-especially when concomitant with other inflammation-inducing conditions or habits (e.g., obesity, smoking)-is associated with increased risk of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Paquet
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascal Guénel
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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14
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Tcheandjieu C, Cordina-Duverger E, Mulot C, Baron-Dubourdieu D, Guizard AV, Schvartz C, Laurent-Puig P, Guénel P, Truong T. Role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in differentiated thyroid cancer and interaction with lifestyle factors: Results from case-control studies in France and New Caledonia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228187. [PMID: 31999731 PMCID: PMC6992216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GSTM1 and GSTT1 are involved in detoxification of xenobiotics, products of oxidative stress and in steroid hormones metabolism. We investigated whether GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletion was associated with DTC risk and explored interaction with non-genetic risk factors of DTC. Methods The study included 661 DTC cases and 736 controls from two case-control studies conducted in France and New Caledonia. Odds ratios (OR) and their confidence interval (CI) for DTC associated with GST genotypes, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, body mass index and hormonal factors were calculated using logistic regression models. Results Results are presented for Europeans and Melanesians combined, as no heterogeneity between groups was detected. We found that DTC risk increased with obesity and decrease with alcohol drinking. After stratification by gene deletion status, the OR for obesity was 5.75, (95%CI 2.25–14.7) among individuals with GSTT1 and GSTM1-deleted genotype, and 1.26, (95%CI 0.89–1.77) in carriers of both genes (p-interaction = 0.02). The OR for drinking ≥1 glass/week was 0.33 (95%CI 0.15–0.74) in GSTT1-null individuals while it was 1.01 (95%CI 0.67–1.52) in non-null carriers of the gene (p-interaction = 0.01). No interaction between GST genotypes and other non-genetic risk factors was detected. Conclusion GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes may modulate the DTC risk associated with BMI and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Mulot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne-Valérie Guizard
- Registre Général des Tumeurs du Calvados, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
- U1086 INSERM–UCN “ANTICIPE”, Caen, France
| | - Claire Schvartz
- Registre spécialisé des Cancers de la Thyroide Marne-Ardennes Institut GODINOT, Reims, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail: (PG); (TT)
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail: (PG); (TT)
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15
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Kim J, Gosnell JE, Roman SA. Geographic influences in the global rise of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:17-29. [PMID: 31616074 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer is on the rise, and this disease is projected to become the fourth leading type of cancer across the globe. From 1990 to 2013, the global age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer increased by 20%. This global rise in incidence has been attributed to several factors, including increased detection of early tumours, the elevated prevalence of modifiable individual risk factors (for example, obesity) and increased exposure to environmental risk factors (for example, iodine levels). In this Review, we explore proven and novel hypotheses for how modifiable risk factors and environmental exposures might be driving the worldwide increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer. Although overscreening and the increased diagnosis of possibly clinically insignificant disease might have a role in certain parts of the world, other areas could be experiencing a true increase in incidence due to elevated exposure risks. In the current era of personalized medicine, national and international registry data should be applied to identify populations who are at increased risk for the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Zhang YL, Li P, Liu ZY, Yi JP, Chen Y, Zhang M, Lin Q. Does relatively low iodine intake contribute to thyroid cancer? An ecological comparison of epidemiology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17539. [PMID: 31593131 PMCID: PMC6799855 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the relationship between iodine intake and thyroid cancer (TC) risk is limited, and the findings are inconclusive. The objective of this study was to provide emerging evidence for the association between iodine intake and TC risk in a Chinese population.An ecological study of epidemiology is used to compare the iodine intake among populations with different TC incidence in Zhoushan, China. Incidence rates of TC were investigated and compared among four counties of the Zhoushan Islands from 2014 to 2018. Iodized salt consumption rate and the level of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were analyzed for pupils and pregnant women from four counties.During 2014 to 2018, a total of 2495 new cases of TC were diagnosed in Zhoushan Islands. The mean crude incidence rate of TC was 51.29 per 100,000 inhabitants, and the standardized (world population) incidence rate (SIR) was 31.34 per 100,000 population. Incidence rates (SIR and crude incidence rates) were significantly higher in women than in men (χ test, P < .05). Both male and female, the incidence of TC in Daishan County is higher than the other three counties of Zhoushan. Iodized salt consumption rate and median UIC in pupils and pregnant women in Daishan County was significantly lower than the other three counties (χ test and Kruskal-Wallis test, all P < .05). The population with high TC incidence has a lower iodized salt consumption and a lower level of UIC compare with the relative low TC incidence populations.The low consumption of iodized salt with mild iodine deficiency may contribute to explain the exceptionally high incidence of TC in Daishan County. Further subtle designed studies are needed to provide additional insights into the epidemiology and etiology of TC and help identify the safe limit of iodine intake for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Zhang
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood
| | - Peng Li
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood
| | - Zhi-Ya Liu
- Zhoushan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhoushan, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Ping Yi
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood
| | - Yan Chen
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood
| | - Min Zhang
- Zhoushan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhoushan, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lin
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood
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17
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Oh CM, Kong HJ, Kim E, Kim H, Jung KW, Park S, Won YJ. National Epidemiologic Survey of Thyroid cancer (NEST) in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2018; 40:e2018052. [PMID: 30376709 PMCID: PMC6335496 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2018052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Korea Central Cancer Registry conducted the National Epidemiologic Survey of Thyroid cancer (NEST) to investigate changes in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of thyroid cancer patients between 1999 and 2008. The NEST was designed to collect representative samples of patients with thyroid cancer diagnosed in the years 1999, 2005, and 2008 using a proportionally stratified and systematic random sampling method. Among 42,891 participants diagnosed with thyroid cancer, 5,796 participants were included in the final study population. This survey collected information on diagnostic methods and date, route of diagnosis, prior medical history and history of thyroid-related disease, tumor, lymph node, metastasis and collaborative stage, and treatment. The NEST dataset was also linked to the cause-of-death database from Statistics Korea. The mean age of the study participants was 46.9 years. The ratio of men to women was 1:5.5. In the analysis of the histologic type of cancer, the proportion of papillary thyroid carcinoma showed an increasing trend (p<0.01). In contrast, the proportion of distant metastasis and the mean tumor size of thyroid cancers showed decreasing trends over time (p<0.01, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mo Oh
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kong
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eunyang Kim
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Won
- Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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18
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Abstract
New Caledonia (NC) is a small French territory in the Pacific Ocean with a relatively young (32% under 20) and multiethnic population. It is divided into 3 districts: Loyalty Island, the North, and the South, each with specific population characteristics. The aim of this study was to describe childhood cancer age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in NC, compare it with the estimated one in France , and to determine whether residence and ethnicity may have an influence on intrapopulation ASR. All incident cancer cases diagnosed between 1994 and 2012 in children (0 to 14 y) resident in NC for more than 6 months were included. With 162 registered cases, the ASR for all cancers combined was 142.2 (range, 104.9 to 193.3) cases per million children per year and was not different from what was estimated in France (156.6). However, incidence varies according to the place of residence, with a higher ASR in the Loyalty Island district for several types of neoplasms, but not according to the ethnicity. The small migratory flux between this district and the rest of the territory may have led to these results, but, because of the small number of cases, no conclusion can be drawn.
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19
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Nettore IC, Colao A, Macchia PE. Nutritional and Environmental Factors in Thyroid Carcinogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081735. [PMID: 30104523 PMCID: PMC6121258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies suggest an increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma (TC) in recent years, especially for the papillary histotype (PTC), suggesting that specific carcinogens might promote molecular abnormalities that are typical of PTC. The increased incidence is probably attributed to more intensive and sensitive diagnostic procedures, even if recent data suggest that various toxic elements could explain the phenomenon. Ionizing radiation exposure represents the most accepted risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer that includes both the follicular and papillary histotypes. In this review, we examined the other environmental carcinogens that play a role in TC, such as eating habits, living in volcanic areas, and xenobiotic elements. Among eating habits, iodine intake represents one of the more discussed elements, because its deficiency is associated with follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs), while its progressive increment seems to be responsible for PTC. The gas, ash, and lava emissions of volcanoes are composed of various toxic compounds that pollute ground water, vegetables, and animals, contaminating humans via the food chain. Finally, the risk of developing PTC has also been associated with exposure of the population to xenobiotics in the environment or in the home. Their carcinogenic effects are probably caused by their accumulation, but additional studies are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy.
| | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy.
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20
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Vigneri R, Malandrino P, Gianì F, Russo M, Vigneri P. Heavy metals in the volcanic environment and thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 457:73-80. [PMID: 27794445 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades thyroid cancer incidence has increased worldwide more than any other cancer. Overdiagnosis of subclinical microcarcinomas has certainly contributed to this increase but many evidences indicate that a true increase, possibly due to environmental factors, has also occurred. Thyroid cancer incidence is markedly increased in volcanic areas. Thus, the volcanic environment is a good model to investigate the possible factors favoring thyroid cancer. In the volcanic area of Mt. Etna in Sicily, as well as in other volcanic areas, a non-anthropogenic pollution with heavy metals has been documented, a consequence of gas, ash and lava emission. Soil, water and atmosphere contamination, via the food chain, biocontaminate the residents as documented by high levels in the urines and the scalp hair compared to individuals living in adjacent non-volcanic areas. Trace amounts of metals are essential nutrients but, at higher concentrations, can be toxic for living cells. Metals can behave both as endocrine disruptors, perturbing the hormonal system, and as carcinogens, promoting malignant transformation. Similarly to other carcinogens, the transforming effect of heavy metals is higher in developing organisms as the fetus (contaminated via the mother) and individuals in early childhood. In the last decades environment metal pollution has greatly increased in industrialized countries. Although still within the "normal" limits for each single metal the hormesis effect (heavy metal activity at very low concentration because of biphasic, non linear cell response) and the possible potentiation effect resulting from the mixture of different metals acting synergistically can explain cell damage at very low concentrations. The effect of metals on the human thyroid is poorly studied: for some heavy metals no data are available. The scarce studies that have been performed mainly focus on metal effect as thyroid endocrine disruptors. The metal concentration in tissues has been rarely measured in the thyroid. Heavy metal accumulation and metabolism in the thyroid or the carcinogenic activity of different doses and different speciation of metals has not been investigated. These studies are now warranted to better understand thyroid biology and heavy metal role in human thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; Humanitas, Catania Oncology Center, Via V. E. Dabormida, 64, 95126 Catania, Italy; CNR, Institute of Bioimages and Biostructures, Via P Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - P Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - F Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - M Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - P Vigneri
- Medical Oncology, University of Catania Medical School, Policlinico Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
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21
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Tervonen H, Foliaki S, Bray F, Roder D. Cancer epidemiology in the small nations of Pacific Islands. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 50:184-192. [PMID: 29120824 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pacific island countries and territories (PICTs) comprise 20,000-30,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. PICTs face challenges in relation to small population sizes, geographic dispersion, increasing adoption of unhealthy life-styles and the burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases, including cancer. This study reviews data on cancer incidence and mortality in the PICTs, with special focus on indigenous populations. METHODS PICTs with populations of <1.5 million ('small nations') were included in this study. Information on cancer incidence and mortality was extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database. Scientific and grey literature was narratively reviewed for publications published after 2000. RESULTS Of the 21 PICTs, seven countries were included in the GLOBOCAN 2012 (Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu). The highest cancer incidence and mortality rates were reported in New Caledonia (age-standardized incidence and mortality rates 297.9 and 127.3 per 100.000) and French Polynesia (age-standardized incidence and mortality rates 255.0 and 134.4 per 100.000), with relatively low rates in other countries. Literature indicated that cancer was among the leading causes of deaths in most PICTs; thus they now experience a double burden of cancers linked to infections and life-style and reproductive factors. Further, ethnic differences in cancer incidence and mortality have been reported in some PICTs, including Fiji, Guam, New Caledonia and Northern Mariana Islands. CONCLUSION Cancer incidence in the PICTs was recorded to be relatively low, with New Caledonia and French Polynesia being exceptions. Low recorded incidence is likely to be explained by incomplete cancer registration as cancer had an important contribution to mortality. Further endeavors are needed to develop and strengthen cancer registration infrastructure and practices and to improve data quality and registration coverage in the PICTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tervonen
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Sunia Foliaki
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - David Roder
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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22
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Abstract
Thyroid neoplasms encompass a variety of lesions that range from benign adenomas to malignancies. These latter can be well-differentiated, poorly differentiated or undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinomas. More than 95% of thyroid cancers are derived from thyroid follicular cells, while 2-3% (medullary thyroid cancers, MTC) originate from calcitonin producing C-cells. Over the last decade, investigators have developed a clearer understanding of genetic alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis. A number of point mutations and translocations are involved, not only in its tumorigenesis, but also as have potential use as diagnostic and prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. Many occur in genes for several important signaling pathways, in particular the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Sporadic (isolated) lesions account for 75% of MTC cases, while inherited MTC, often in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and 2B syndromes, constitute the remainder. However, non-MEN familial MTC may also occur. Advances in genetic testing have revolutionized the management of MTC, with prospects of genetic screening, testing and early prophylactic thyroidectomy. Ethical concerns of these advances are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Younis
- King Hussein Cancer center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan.
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23
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Pagano L, Mele C, Arpaia D, Samà MT, Caputo M, Ippolito S, Peirce C, Prodam F, Valente G, Ciancia G, Aimaretti G, Biondi B. How do etiological factors can explain the different clinical features of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and their histopathological findings? Endocrine 2017; 56:129-137. [PMID: 27230768 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to retrospectively analyse the clinical-histopathological characteristics of patients with newly diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) referred to two Italian centres, one in Northern and the other in Southern Italy, between 2000 and 2013. 1081 patients were included and subdivided into two groups: group A (474 patients from Novara) and group B (607 patients from Naples). The group A came from the industrial area of Novara, while the Group B came from the areas around Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei. The two groups were comparable for iodine levels, body mass index, diagnostic timing and clinical procedures. For all patients, demographic and clinical data were collected. No difference was found in gender, whereas the age at diagnosis was later in the group A (group A 53.1 ± 15.16 years, group B 41.9 ± 14.25 years, p < 0.001). In both groups, the most frequent histotype was papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with prevalence of follicular variant in group A (p < 0.0001) and classical variant in group B (p < 0.0001). Aggressive histological features were mainly seen in group A (bilaterality p < 0.0001, multifocality p < 0.0001 and thyroid capsular invasion p < 0.0001). Microcarcinomas were more frequent in group A (p < 0.0001) but mostly characterized by bilaterality (p < 0.001) and multifocality (p < 0.04). In both groups, tumour-associated thyroiditis showed a significant increase over the years (group A p < 0.05, group B p < 0.04). Environmental factors could justify the differences found in our study. These preliminary data should stimulate the need for an Italian Cancer Registry of DTC in order to allow an epidemiological characterization, allowing the identification of specific etiological factors and an improvement in the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Pagano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Debora Arpaia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Samà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marina Caputo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Ippolito
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Peirce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Guido Valente
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciancia
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Bernadette Biondi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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24
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Walsh JJ, Lenes JM, Weisberg RH, Zheng L, Hu C, Fanning KA, Snyder R, Smith J. More surprises in the global greenhouse: Human health impacts from recent toxic marine aerosol formations, due to centennial alterations of world-wide coastal food webs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 116:9-40. [PMID: 28111002 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reductions of zooplankton biomasses and grazing pressures were observed during overfishing-induced trophic cascades and concurrent oil spills at global scales. Recent phytoplankton increments followed, once Fe-, P-, and N-nutrient limitations of commensal diazotrophs and dinoflagellates were also eliminated by respective human desertification, deforestation, and eutrophication during climate changes. Si-limitation of diatoms instead ensued during these last anthropogenic perturbations of agricultural effluents and sewage loadings. Consequently, ~15% of total world-wide annual asthma trigger responses, i.e. amounting to ~45 million adjacent humans during 2004, resulted from brevetoxin and palytoxin poisons in aerosol forms of western boundary current origins. They were denoted by greater global harmful algal bloom [HAB] abundances and breathing attacks among sea-side children during prior decadal surveys of asthma prevalence, compiled here in ten paired shelf ecosystems of western and eutrophied boundary currents. Since 1965, such inferred onshore fluxes of aerosolized DOC poisons of HABs may have served as additional wind-borne organic carriers of toxic marine MeHg, phthalate, and DDT/DDE vectors, traced by radio-iodine isotopes to potentially elicit carcinomas. During these exchanges, as much as 40% of mercury poisonings may instead have been effected by inhalation of collateral HAB-carried marine neurotoxic aerosols of MeHg, not just from eating marine fish. Health impacts in some areas were additional asthma and pneumonia episodes, as well as endocrine disruptions among the same adjacent humans, with known large local rates of thyroid cancers, physician-diagnosed pulmonary problems, and ubiquitous high indices of mercury in hair, pesticides in breast milk, and phthalates in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Walsh
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States.
| | - J M Lenes
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States
| | - R H Weisberg
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States
| | - L Zheng
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States
| | - C Hu
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States
| | - K A Fanning
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States
| | - R Snyder
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory, Wachapreague, VA 23480, United States
| | - J Smith
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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25
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Tavarelli M, Malandrino P, Vigneri P, Richiusa P, Maniglia A, Violi MA, Sapuppo G, Vella V, Dardanoni G, Vigneri R, Pellegriti G. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in Sicily: The Role of Environmental Characteristics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:277. [PMID: 29123502 PMCID: PMC5662896 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but extremely aggressive cancer of the thyroid, contributing up to 30-40% of thyroid cancer-specific mortality. We analyzed ATC characteristics and survival rates in Sicily to evaluate the possible influence of environmental factors. With this aim, data regarding ATC incidences in urban/rural and industrial, iodine-deficient, and volcanic vs control areas were compared in Sicily as well as ATC data from Sicily and USA. METHODS Using the Sicilian Register of Thyroid Cancer (SRTC) database incidence, age, gender, tumor size and histotype, extrathyroidal extension, stage, and coexistence with pre-existing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) were evaluated in different areas of Sicily and also compared with Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data in USA. RESULTS Forty-three ATCs were identified in Sicily in the period 2002-2009. In our series only age <70 years at diagnosis (p = 0.01), coexistence with DTC (p = 0.027) and tumor size ≤6 cm (p = 0.012) were significant factors for increased survival at univariate analysis (only age at multivariate analysis). No difference in ATC incidence was found in urban vs rural areas and in iodine-deficient and industrial vs control areas. By contrast, in the volcanic area of Sicily, where DTC incidence is doubled relative to the rest of the island, also ATC incidence was increased. ATC data in Sicily were similar to those reported in the same period in the USA where overall survival rate at 6 and 12 months, however, was smaller. CONCLUSION The similar ATC data observed in Sicily and USA (having different genetic background and lifestyle) and the increased ATC incidence in the volcanic area of Sicily paralleling the increased incidence of papillary thyroid cancer are compatible with the possibility that casual additional mutations, more frequent in a background of increased cell replication like DCT, are the major causes of ATC rather than genetic background and/or direct environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tavarelli
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinic Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Pierina Richiusa
- Endocrinology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adele Maniglia
- Endocrinology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A. Violi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Sapuppo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- Motor Sciences, School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University, Enna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Dardanoni
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico Regionale, Assessorato Salute Regione Siciliana, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gabriella Pellegriti,
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26
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Tcheandjieu C, Lesueur F, Sanchez M, Baron-Dubourdieu D, Guizard AV, Mulot C, Laurent-Puig P, Schvartz C, Truong T, Guenel P. Fine-mapping of two differentiated thyroid carcinoma susceptibility loci at 9q22.33 and 14q13.3 detects novel candidate functional SNPs in Europeans from metropolitan France and Melanesians from New Caledonia. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:617-27. [PMID: 26991144 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma varies considerably between countries and ethnic groups, with particularly high incidence rates in Melanesians of New Caledonia. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a familial relative risk higher than other cancers, highlighting the contribution of inherited factors to the disease. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified several DTC susceptibility loci. The most robust associations were reported at loci 9q22 (rs965513 and rs1867277) and 14q13 (rs944289 and rs116909734). In this study, we performed a fine-mapping study of the two gene regions among Europeans and Melanesians from Metropolitan France and New Caledonia. We examined 81 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 9q22 and 561 SNPs at 14q13 in Europeans (625 cases/776 controls) and in Melanesians (244 cases/189 controls). The association with the four SNPs previously identified in GWAS was replicated in Europeans while only rs944289 was replicated in Melanesians. Among Europeans, we found that the two SNPs previously reported at 9q22 were not independently associated to DTC and that rs965513 was the predominant signal; at 14q13, we showed that the haplotype rs944289[C]-rs116909374[C]-rs999460[T] was significantly associated with DTC risk and that the association with rs116909374 differed by smoking status (p-interaction = 0.03). Among Melanesians, a new independent signal was observed at 14q13 for rs1755774 which is strongly correlated to rs2787423; this latter is potentially a functional variant. Significant interactions with parity (p < 0.05) and body mass index were observed for rs1755774 and rs2787423. This study contributed to a better characterization of the DTC loci 9q22 and 14q13 in Europeans and in Melanesians and has identified novel variants to be prioritized for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Inserm, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Marie Sanchez
- CESP, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Anne-Valerie Guizard
- Registre Général des tumeurs du Calvados, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France.,U1086 Inserm-UCNB, Cancers and Prevention, Caen, France
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Descartes, Inserm UMR 5775 EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
| | | | - Claire Schvartz
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Jean GODINOT, Reims, France
| | - Therese Truong
- CESP, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascal Guenel
- CESP, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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27
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Bann DV, Goyal N, Camacho F, Goldenberg D. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 140:1149-56. [PMID: 25170647 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States has increased rapidly and Pennsylvania is the state with the highest rate of thyroid cancer in the country, although the factors driving this increase are unknown. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the increase in thyroid cancer represents a true increase in disease or is the result of overdiagnosis. OBJECTIVE To compare the increase in thyroid cancer incidence and tumor characteristics in Pennsylvania with the rest of the United States and gain insight into the factors influencing the increased incidence of thyroid cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In a population-based study, data on thyroid cancer from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results 9 (SEER-9) registry and the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry (PCR) from 1985 through 2009 were collected and reviewed for information regarding sex, race, histologic type of thyroid cancer, staging, and tumor size at diagnosis. International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition code C739 (thyroid carcinoma) was used to identify 110,615 records in the SEER-9 registry and 29,030 records in the PCR. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Average annual percent change (AAPC) in thyroid cancer incidence across various demographic groups in Pennsylvania. RESULTS The AAPC for thyroid cancer in Pennsylvania was 7.1% per year (95% CI, 6.3%-7.9%) vs 4.2% (95% CI, 3.7%-4.7%) per year in the remainder of the United States, and trends in incidence were significantly different (P < .001). Females experienced a higher AAPC (7.6% per year; 95% CI, 6.9%-8.3%) compared with males (6.1% per year; 95% CI, 4.9%-7.2%) (P < .01), and trend analysis revealed that thyroid cancer may be increasing more rapidly among black females (8.6% per year; 95% CI, 5.4%-11.9%) than among white females (7.6% per year; 95% CI, 6.8%-8.4) (P = .60; but despite the similarity in AAPC between the 2 groups, the joinpoint models fit to the data were not parallel [P < .005]). The rate of tumors with regional (7.0% per year; 95% CI, 5.8%-8.1%) or distant (1.1% per year; 95% CI, 0.3%-1.8%) spread (P < .05) and tumors that were 2 to 4 cm (7.1% per year; 95% CI, 5.2%-9.0%) (P < .05) or larger than 4 cm (6.4% per year; 95% CI, 4.5%-8.2%) (P < .05) at diagnosis also increased. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The incidence of thyroid cancer is rising at a faster rate in Pennsylvania than in the rest of the nation, as is the rate of tumors that are larger and higher stage at diagnosis. These findings suggest that rising disease burden has contributed to the increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Etiologic factors promoting the rise in thyroid cancer in Pennsylvania must be investigated and may provide insight into the drivers of the national increase in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrin V Bann
- MD/PhD Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Neerav Goyal
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - David Goldenberg
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Yang LB, Sun LY, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Li ZH, Zhang HY, Bu H, Ye F. The Clinicopathological Features of BRAF Mutated Papillary Thyroid Cancers in Chinese Patients. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:642046. [PMID: 26273300 PMCID: PMC4530233 DOI: 10.1155/2015/642046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The BRAF(V600E) mutation is commonly found in papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) at different frequencies in different regions. However, the association between the BRAF(V600E) mutation and clinicopathological features in Chinese PTC patients is unknown. A total of 543 Chinese patients with histologically confirmed PTC were enrolled in this study. For the BRAF mutation assay, the target fragments were amplified and sequenced with an ABI 3500 gene analyzer. In 170 of 543 samples (31.3%), the BRAF(V600E) mutation was detected. In the bivariate analysis, the BRAF(V600E) mutation showed an association with bilaterality, tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, and lymph node metastases (LNM). However, in the multivariate analysis, the BRAF(V600E) mutation was positively related to only tumor size (>1 cm) and extrathyroidal invasion. In addition, the multivariate analysis also showed that the age at diagnosis (<45 y) and tumor size (>1 cm) were independent predictors for LNM. In this study, the BRAF(V600E) mutation is positively associated with worse prognostic factors, including larger tumor size and the tumor extending to the thyroid capsule or extrathyroidal region; however, it is not an independent predictor for LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Yang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin-Yong Sun
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong-Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- *Feng Ye:
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Marcello MA, Malandrino P, Almeida JFM, Martins MB, Cunha LL, Bufalo NE, Pellegriti G, Ward LS. The influence of the environment on the development of thyroid tumors: a new appraisal. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:T235-54. [PMID: 24948559 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most epidemiological studies concerning differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) indicate an increasing incidence over the last two decades. This increase might be partially explained by the better access to health services worldwide, but clinicopathological analyses do not fully support this hypothesis, indicating that there are carcinogenetic factors behind this noticeable increasing incidence. Although we have undoubtedly understood the biology and molecular pathways underlying thyroid carcinogenesis in a better way, we have made very little progresses in identifying a risk profile for DTC, and our knowledge of risk factors is very similar to what we knew 30-40 years ago. In addition to ionizing radiation exposure, the most documented and established risk factor for DTC, we also investigated the role of other factors, including eating habits, tobacco smoking, living in a volcanic area, xenobiotics, and viruses, which could be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, thus, contributing to the increase in DTC incidence rates observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Marcello
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P Malandrino
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - J F M Almeida
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M B Martins
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L L Cunha
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - N E Bufalo
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Pellegriti
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L S Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, BrazilEndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Vergamini LB, Frazier AL, Abrantes FL, Ribeiro KB, Rodriguez-Galindo C. Increase in the incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children, adolescents, and young adults: a population-based study. J Pediatr 2014; 164:1481-5. [PMID: 24630354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate trends in incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinomas among children and adolescents and young adults. STUDY DESIGN In this ecological time-trends study, we selected cases of differentiated thyroid carcinomas (1984-2010) in patients <30 years from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 cancer registries by using International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition, codes for papillary and follicular cancers. Patients with multiple other primary diseases before differentiated thyroid carcinomas were excluded. SEER*Stat software, version 8.0.4 (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland) was used to calculate age-standardized rates (estimated per 1,000,000/persons) and annual percentage changes (APCs) were calculated by the Joinpoint model (Joinpoint software, version 4.0.4; National Cancer Institute). RESULTS Rates ranged from 2.77 (1990) to 9.63 (2009) and from 18.35 (1987) to 50.99 (2009), for male and female subjects, respectively. A significant increasing trend in incidence was observed for both male (APC 3.44; 95% CI 2.60-4.28) and female (APC 3.81; 95% CI 3.38-4.24) patients. When a stratified analysis on the basis of tumor size was performed, significant increasing trends were noted for the following categories: <0.5 cm (females: APC 5.09, 95% CI 3.54-6.65), 0.5-0.9 cm (females: APC 8.45, 95% CI 7.09-9.82), 1.0-1.9 cm (males: APC 5.09, 95% CI 3.20-7.01; females: APC 3.42, 95% CI 2.78-4.07), and ≥2 cm (males: APC 2.62, 95% CI 1.64-3.60; females: APC 2.96, 95% CI 2.34-3.59). CONCLUSIONS Incidence rates for differentiated thyroid carcinomas are increasing among children and adolescents and young adults in the US. The increasing trends for larger tumors rules out diagnostic scrutiny as the only explanation for the observed results. Environmental, dietary, and genetic influences should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Amin R, Burns JJ. Clusters of adolescent and young adult thyroid cancer in Florida counties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:832573. [PMID: 24868551 PMCID: PMC4020503 DOI: 10.1155/2014/832573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is a common cancer in adolescents and young adults ranking 4th in frequency. Thyroid cancer has captured the interest of epidemiologists because of its strong association to environmental factors. The goal of this study is to identify thyroid cancer clusters in Florida for the period 2000-2008. This will guide further discovery of potential risk factors within areas of the cluster compared to areas not in cluster. METHODS Thyroid cancer cases for ages 15-39 were obtained from the Florida Cancer Data System. Next, using the purely spatial Poisson analysis function in SaTScan, the geographic distribution of thyroid cancer cases by county was assessed for clusters. The reference population was obtained from the Census Bureau 2010, which enabled controlling for population age, sex, and race. RESULTS Two statistically significant clusters of thyroid cancer clusters were found in Florida: one in southern Florida (SF) (relative risk of 1.26; P value of <0.001) and the other in northwestern Florida (NWF) (relative risk of 1.71; P value of 0.012). These clusters persisted after controlling for demographics including sex, age, race. CONCLUSION In summary, we found evidence of thyroid cancer clustering in South Florida and North West Florida for adolescents and young adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raid Amin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - James J. Burns
- Florida State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 33655, Pensacola, FL 32508, USA
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Kweon SS, Shin MH, Chung IJ, Kim YJ, Choi JS. Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer in women, based on the data from population-based cancer registries, South Korea. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:1039-46. [PMID: 23894204 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to worldwide trends, the incidence of thyroid cancer in South Korea has increased steadily in recent decades. We examined the trends in thyroid cancer incidence in Gwangju and Jeonnam provinces between 1996 and 2010, and identified 19 881 cases (men 3282/16.5%; women 16 599/83.5%) from the Gwangju Cancer Registry and Jeonnam Cancer Registry databases, which are population-based cancer registries. Age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 persons, using hypothetical world standard population (Segi), increased from 1.9 in 1996 to 27.0 in 2010 in men, and from 10.6 to 111.3 in women, respectively. The estimated annual percentage changes (95% confidence interval) of age-standardized incidence rates were 27.1% (24.6-29.6) and 19.7% (16.4-23.2) for men and women, respectively, during the same period. The proportion of papillary-type thyroid cancer increased from 74.2 and 75.4% in 1996 to 97.9 and 98.3% in 2010 for men and women, respectively. We found the most prominent increasing trends and the highest incidence rate of thyroid cancer among those that have ever been reported. Thyroid cancer has been the leading cancer in women since 2003 and is now the fifth most common cancer in men in Gwangju and Jeonnam, South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Seog Kweon
- *Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160, Baekseok-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Malandrino P, Scollo C, Marturano I, Russo M, Tavarelli M, Attard M, Richiusa P, Violi MA, Dardanoni G, Vigneri R, Pellegriti G. Descriptive epidemiology of human thyroid cancer: experience from a regional registry and the "volcanic factor". Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:65. [PMID: 23761783 PMCID: PMC3671345 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC), the most common endocrine tumor, has steadily increased worldwide due to the increase of the papillary histotype. The reasons for this spread have not been established. In addition to more sensitive thyroid nodule screening, the effect of environmental factors cannot be excluded. Because high incidences of TC were found in volcanic areas (Hawaii and Iceland), a volcanic environment may play a role in the pathogenesis of TC. In January 2002, the Regional Register for TC was instituted in Sicily. With a population of approximately five million inhabitants with similar genetic and lifestyle features, the coexistence in Sicily of rural, urban, industrial, moderate-to-low iodine intake, and volcanic areas provides a conducive setting for assessing the environmental influences on the etiology of TC. In Sicily, between 2002 and 2004, 1,950 new cases of TC were identified, with an age-standardized rate (world) ASR(w) = 17.8/10(5) in females and 3.7/10(5) in males and a high female/male ratio (4.3:1.0). The incidence of TC was heterogeneous within Sicily. There were 2.3 times more cases in the Catania province (where most of the inhabitants live in the volcanic area of Mt. Etna): ASR(w) = 31.7/10(5) in females and 6.4/10(5) in males vs. 14.1 in females and 3.0 in males in the rest of Sicily. Multivariate analysis documented that residents in the volcanic area of Mt. Etna had a higher risk of TC, compared to the residents in urban, industrial, and iodine deficient areas of Sicily. An abnormally high concentration of several chemicals was found in the drinking water of the Mt. Etna aquifer, which provides water to most of the residents in the Catania province. Our data suggest that environmental carcinogen(s) of volcanic origin may promote papillary TC. Additional analyses, including cancer biological and molecular features, will allow a better understanding of risk factors and etiopathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Scollo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Ilenia Marturano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Tavarelli
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Attard
- Endocrinology, “Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia – Cervello” Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierina Richiusa
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal and Specialistic Biomedicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Violi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gabriella Pellegriti, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, Catania 95122, Italy e-mail:
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Lee TJ, Kim S, Cho HJ, Lee JH. The incidence of thyroid cancer is affected by the characteristics of a healthcare system. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27:1491-8. [PMID: 23255848 PMCID: PMC3524428 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.12.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the incidence of thyroid cancer and the characteristics of healthcare systems in OECD countries and to demonstrate that the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer is mainly due to overdiagnosis. We used a random effects panel model to regress the incidence of thyroid cancer on the characteristics of healthcare systems (i.e., share of public expenditure on health, mode of health financing, existence of referral system to secondary care, mode of payment to primary care physicians), controlling for macro context variables (i.e., GDP per capita, educational level) on a country level. Data were derived from 34 OECD countries for 2002 and 2008. The share of public expenditure on health was negatively associated with the incidence of thyroid cancer. However, it had no statistically significant effect on the mortality of thyroid cancer and on the incidence of stomach and lung cancer. In the case of colorectal cancer, it had a positive effect on the incidence rate. The upward trend of the incidence of thyroid cancer is closely related to the healthcare system that permits overdiagnosis. Increases in the proportion of public financing may help reduce the overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in Great Britain, 1976-2005: age-period-cohort analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2012; 27:615-22. [PMID: 22760704 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-012-9710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Increases in the incidence of thyroid cancer have been previously reported. The purpose of the present study was to examine temporal trends in the incidence of primary thyroid cancer diagnosed in 0-49 year olds in parts of Great Britain during 1976-2005. Data on 4,337 cases of thyroid cancer were obtained from regional cancer registries. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were calculated. Negative binomial regression was used to examine effects of age, sex, drift (linear trend), non-linear period and non-linear cohort. The best fitting negative binomial regression model included age (P < 0.001), sex (P < 0.001) and drift (P < 0.001). Non-linear period (P = 0.648) and non-linear cohort (P = 0.788) were not statistically significant. For males aged 0-14, the ASR increased from 0.2 per million persons per year in 1976-1986 to 0.6 in 1997-2005. For males aged 15-29 and 30-49 the ASRs increased from 1.9 to 3.3 and from 7.4 to 12.7, respectively. For females aged 0-14, the corresponding ASR increased from 0.3 to 0.5. For females aged 15-29 and 30-49 the ASRs increased from 6.9 to 12.4 and from 21.2 to 42.3, respectively. For all age groups, there has been a linear increase in incidence of thyroid cancer, which has led to a doubling of the number of cases diagnosed over a twenty year span. The reasons for this increase are not well understood, but it is consistent with findings from other countries.
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Leux C, Truong T, Petit C, Baron-Dubourdieu D, Guénel P. Family history of malignant and benign thyroid diseases and risk of thyroid cancer: a population-based case-control study in New Caledonia. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:745-55. [PMID: 22456999 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exceptionally high incidence rates of thyroid cancer have been observed in New Caledonia, particularly in Melanesian women, but familial aggregation of thyroid diseases in this population is unknown. We study the association between family history of malignant or benign thyroid diseases and non-medullary thyroid cancer in this country. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study including 332 cases with papillary or follicular carcinoma diagnosed in 1993-1999 and 412 controls, matched by sex and 5-year age-group. RESULTS Thyroid cancer was associated with a history of thyroid cancer in first-degree relatives (odds ratio (OR), 3.2; 95 % CI, 1.6-6.2) and with a family history of multinodular goiter (OR, 3.6; 95 % CI, 1.9-7.0). The ORs did not change by age at diagnosis and with the number of affected relatives. The study provides evidence that the familial component of thyroid cancer is particularly strong in men. Thyroid cancer was not associated with a family history of thyroid diseases in Melanesians from the Loyalty Islands, the area with the highest incidence rates for thyroid cancer, possibly indicating a high frequency of genetic susceptibility variants and lack of genetic variation in this population subgroup. CONCLUSION Overall our findings confirm an elevated risk of thyroid cancer in individuals with a family history of malignant or benign thyroid diseases, particularly in Melanesians where familial aggregation of thyroid cancer had never been investigated before. The study of genetic variants in candidate susceptibility genes for thyroid cancer may help clarifying the absence of an association in the subgroup of Melanesians from the Loyalty Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Leux
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, CESP Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif Cedex, France
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Peterson E, De P, Nuttall R. BMI, diet and female reproductive factors as risks for thyroid cancer: a systematic review. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29177. [PMID: 22276106 PMCID: PMC3261873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer incidence rates have been increasing worldwide but the reason behind this is unclear. Both the increasing use of diagnostic technologies allowing the detection of thyroid cancer and a true increase in thyroid cancer incidence have been proposed. This review assesses the role of body mass index (BMI), diet, and reproductive factors on the thyroid cancer trend. Methods Epidemiologic studies of the selected risk factors up to June 2010 were reviewed and critically assessed. Results Among the thirty-seven studies reviewed and despite variation in the risk estimates, most papers supported a small but positive association for BMI (risk estimate range: 1.1–2.3 in males and 1.0–7.4 in females.). Among specific dietary components, there was no consistent association of thyroid cancer risk with iodine intake through fortification (risk estimate range: 0.49–1.6) or fish consumption (risk estimate range 0.6–2.2), nor with diets high in cruciferous vegetables (risk estimate range 0.6–1.9). A small number of studies showed a consistent protective effect of diets high in non-cruciferous vegetable (risk estimate range: 0.71–0.92). Among reproductive factors (pregnancy, parity, number of live births, use of prescription hormones, menstrual cycle regularity, and menopausal status), none were consistently associated with higher thyroid cancer risk. Conclusions BMI had the strongest link to thyroid cancer risk among those examined. Detailed examinations of population-level risk factors can help identify and support prevention efforts to reduce the burden of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Peterson
- University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prithwish De
- University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Cancer Society, Cancer Control Policy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Nuttall
- Canadian Cancer Society, Cancer Control Policy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Leenhardt L, Grosclaude P. [Epidemiology of thyroid carcinoma over the world]. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2011; 72:136-48. [PMID: 21513910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) incidence, in France and over the world, has dramatically increased over the last two decades. The temporal and geographical incidence trends in France and in the world are analysed. The increased incidence of TC is actual, mainly due to an increase of papillary microcarcinomas. The spread of ultrasonographic and cytological procedures, the extensiveness of thyroidectomies lead to diagnostic advance, to a better preoperative selection of patients and to the discovery of occult microcarcinomas. Nevertheless, the impact of the risk factors of thyroid cancer on the increase of incidence is not excluded. These risk factors are analysed, especially environmental chemicals agents that disrupt thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leenhardt
- Service de médecine nucléaire, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Paris-VI, 47-83, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
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Cléro E, Leux C, Brindel P, Truong T, Anger A, Teinturier C, Diallo I, Doyon F, Guénel P, de Vathaire F. Pooled analysis of two case-control studies in New Caledonia and French Polynesia of body mass index and differentiated thyroid cancer: the importance of body surface area. Thyroid 2010; 20:1285-93. [PMID: 20932181 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2009.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New Caledonia and French Polynesia have among of the world highest thyroid cancer incidence rates. Studies have demonstrated a relationship between anthropometric parameters and the prevalence of cancer. In this study we evaluated further the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric parameters on the incidence of thyroid cancer in the New Caledonia and French Polynesia populations. METHODS We performed a pooled analysis of two case-control studies in New Caledonia and French Polynesia. We included a total of 554 cases (65 men and 489 women) of differentiated thyroid cancers and 776 population control subjects matched on sex, age, and study. Anthropometric factors (height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage [BF%], and body surface area [BSA]), at age 18 and before diagnosis, were analyzed by conditional logistic regression, adjusting for other independent risk factors. RESULTS A high proportion of cases (73%) were overweight (25-29.9 kg/m(2)) or obese (≥30 kg/m(2)) before diagnosis of thyroid cancer (against 57% of control subjects). An increased risk of thyroid cancer was observed with greater height, weight, BMI, BF%, and BSA. The association of thyroid cancer risk with height, weight, BMI, and BF% did not remain when adjustment was made for BSA. By comparison, the odds ratios for the highest versus the lowest quartile of BSA at age 18 were 3.97 (95% confidence interval, 2.57-6.15; p < 0.001) for women and 4.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-16.06; p = 0.04) for men. The association between thyroid cancer risk and each of anthropometric factors did not depend on tumor size or menopausal status before diagnosis. CONCLUSION Among anthropometric factors, BSA plays a dominant role in thyroid cancer risk and explains the apparent role of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enora Cléro
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018 INSERM, Villejuif, France
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Risk factors of thyroid tumors: role of environmental and occupational exposures to chemical pollutants. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2010; 58:359-67. [PMID: 20980113 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising incidence of thyroid cancer observed during the last few decades in most western countries is explained in large part by increasing numbers of diagnoses due to changes in medical screening practices. However, beside radiation exposure, exposure to environmental chemicals may also play a role in thyroid cancer etiology and in the increased incidence. This paper presents the main chemicals suspected to induce thyroid tumorigenesis, and epidemiological results on the association between chemical exposure and thyroid tumors. METHODS We reviewed experimental studies to identify the main chemicals possibly involved in thyroid tumorigenesis. We also reviewed the main epidemiological studies investigating the association between environmental chemical exposure and thyroid neoplasm in humans. RESULTS Environmentally abundant chemicals may disrupt thyroid function and/or play a role in tumorigenesis through a variety of mechanisms. Epidemiological results provide insufficient evidence of a causal link between exposure to environmental chemicals and thyroid tumors, but raise the hypothesis of an increased risk of thyroid neoplasm for workers in the leather, wood, and paper industries, and those exposed to certain solvents and pesticides. CONCLUSION This paper highlights the need for large epidemiological studies evaluating the exposure to various groups of environmental chemicals and its impact on the thyroid gland.
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Rakotoarisoa AHN, Ralamboson SA, Rakotoarivelo RA, Raharisolo CV, Rakouth A, Ramiandrasoa AL, Andrianjafinala NMR, Randrianjafisamindrakotroka NS, Gizy RD. [Thyroid cancers in Madagascar]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 103:233-7. [PMID: 20556675 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-010-0063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This is a retrospective study, conducted on thyroid cancer observed for 13 months (from June 1(st) 2004 to June 30(th) 2005). Data were collected from four main surgical pathology laboratories in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Among 6,036 surgical samples, 179 were of thyroid gland, a rate that is near 3% of the total. Among them were found 40 cases of thyroid cancer, which is 0.66% of all screened samples, and 22.32% of all examined thyroid samples. In the studied population was observed a female preponderance (82%) with a mean age of 43.9 years when diagnosis was confirmed. It was evidenced a 50 % of papillary carcinoma and 45% of follicular carcinoma, with a rate of 2.5% respectively for the medullar and anaplastic carcinoma. Metastases were seen in 20%, originated from papillary type for the lymph node involvement and from the follicular type for the bone involvement. In Antananarivo, thyroid cancer is seen mainly in people from the surrounding Highlands, supposed to be sites of endemic goiter related to iodine deficiency. Despite its limits, this study may be used as reference about thyroid cancer in Madagascar. Further studies are required to find out other factors involved in the development of this disease.
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Cordioli MICV, Canalli MHBS, Coral MHC. Increase incidence of thyroid cancer in Florianopolis, Brazil: comparative study of diagnosed cases in 2000 and 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 53:453-60. [PMID: 19649384 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302009000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide epidemiological information about thyroid cancer (TC) in the Metropolitan area of Florianopolis and investigate some factors that could be associated with this type of cancer. METHOD This study analyzed data of patients who had TC diagnosed and underwent surgical treatment in 2000 and 2005. Epidemiological factors about patients, tumors and surgical procedures were evaluated. RESULTS In 2000 and 2005, an increasing incidence of TC at a rate of 132.33% was detected. The increased rate was mainly observed for tumors measuring less than 1 cm (p = 0.004). Results also showed an increase in the number of multifocal tumors (p = 0.02) and in the rate of total thyroidectomy (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The increasing incidence of TC in the Metropolitan area of Florianopolis is probably due to more invasive thyroid nodule management. Future studies are necessary to establish potential predicting factors for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma aggressiveness, as well as predictors of follicular lesion malignancy to identifying more accurately the appropriate therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel C V Cordioli
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
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Role of dietary iodine and cruciferous vegetables in thyroid cancer: a countrywide case-control study in New Caledonia. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:1183-92. [PMID: 20361352 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Exceptionally high incidence rates of thyroid cancer have been reported in New Caledonia, particularly in Melanesian women. To clarify the reasons of this elevated incidence, we conducted a countrywide population-based case-control study in the multiethnic population of Caledonian women. The study included 293 cases of thyroid cancer and 354 population controls. Based on a food frequency questionnaire, we investigated the role in thyroid cancer of food items rich in iodine-such as seafood-and of vegetables containing goitrogens-such as cruciferous vegetables. A measure of total daily iodine intake based on a food composition table was also used. Our findings provided little support for an association between thyroid cancer and consumption of fish and seafood. We found that high consumption of cruciferous vegetables was associated with thyroid cancer among women with low iodine intake (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.01-3.43 for iodine intake <96 microg/day). The high consumption of cruciferous vegetables among Melanesian women, a group with mild iodine deficiency, may contribute to explain the exceptionally high incidence of thyroid cancer in this group.
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Pellegriti G, De Vathaire F, Scollo C, Attard M, Giordano C, Arena S, Dardanoni G, Frasca F, Malandrino P, Vermiglio F, Previtera DM, D'Azzò G, Trimarchi F, Vigneri R. Papillary thyroid cancer incidence in the volcanic area of Sicily. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101:1575-83. [PMID: 19893009 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The steadily increasing incidence of thyroid cancer has been attributed mostly to more sensitive thyroid nodule screening. However, various environmental factors, such as those associated with volcanic areas, cannot be excluded as risk factors. We evaluated thyroid cancer incidence in Sicily, which has a homogenous population and a province (Catania) that includes the Mt Etna volcanic area. METHODS In a register-based epidemiological survey, we collected all incident thyroid cancers in Sicily from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2004. The age-standardized incidence rate for the world population (ASR(w)) was calculated and expressed as the number of thyroid cancer diagnoses per 100 000 residents per year. The association of thyroid cancer incidence rate with sex, age, tumor histotype, and various environmental factors was evaluated by modeling the variation of the ASR(w). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS In 2002-2004, 1950 incident thyroid cancers were identified in Sicily (among women, ASR(w) = 17.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.9 to 18.7; and among men, ASR(w) = 3.7, 95% CI = 3.3 to 4.1). Although the percentage of thyroid cancers that were microcarcinomas (ie, < or = 10 mm) and ratio of men to women with thyroid cancer were similar in all nine Sicilian provinces, thyroid cancer incidence was statistically significantly higher in the province of Catania (among women, ASR(w) = 31.7, 95% CI = 29.1 to 34.3; and among men, ASR(w) = 6.4, 95% CI = 5.2 to 7.5) than in the rest of Sicily (among women, ASR(w) = 14.1, 95% CI = 13.2 to 15.0; and among men, ASR(w) = 3.0, 95% CI = 2.6 to 3.4) (all P values < .001). Incidence of papillary, but not follicular or medullary, cancers was statistically significantly increased in Catania province, and papillary tumors from patients in Catania more frequently carried the BRAF V600E gene mutation (55 [52%] of 106 tumors) than tumors from patients elsewhere in Sicily (68 [33%] of 205 tumors) (relative risk = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.8, P = .02). Cancer incidence was statistically significantly lower in rural areas than in urban areas of Sicily (P = .003). No association with mild iodine deficiency or industrial installations was found. Levels of many elements (including boron, iron, manganese, and vanadium) in the drinking water of Catania province often exceeded maximum admissible concentrations, in contrast to water in the rest of Sicily. CONCLUSION Residents of Catania province with its volcanic region appear to have a higher incidence of papillary thyroid cancer than elsewhere in Sicily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy.
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Sprague BL, Warren Andersen S, Trentham-Dietz A. Thyroid cancer incidence and socioeconomic indicators of health care access. Cancer Causes Control 2008; 19:585-93. [PMID: 18240001 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-008-9122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been hypothesized that changes in diagnostic practices have driven the dramatic rise in thyroid cancer incidence over the past two decades. This study investigated the relation between the incidence of thyroid cancer and socioeconomic indicators of health care access. METHODS We examined thyroid cancer incidence trends in Wisconsin, USA, between 1980 and 2004, according to patient and tumor characteristics. Ecologic analyses were conducted by county to examine the relation between thyroid cancer incidence and education, income, and health insurance coverage. RESULTS The incidence of thyroid cancer nearly doubled in Wisconsin between 1980 and 2004, with almost all of the increase occurring between 1990 and 2004, during which an annual change of 4.0% (95% CI: 3.3-4.6) was observed. The bulk of the increase consisted of small, localized cancers of papillary histology. Ecologic analyses indicated moderate correlations by county between thyroid cancer incidence and median household income (r = 0.25), percent of residents with a college degree (r = 0.24), and percent of residents with health insurance (r = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS The association between thyroid cancer incidence and socioeconomic indicators of health care access is consistent with the hypothesis that the rising incidence trend is attributable to utilization of new diagnostic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Sprague
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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Guignard R, Truong T, Rougier Y, Baron-Dubourdieu D, Guénel P. Alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and anthropometric characteristics as risk factors for thyroid cancer: a countrywide case-control study in New Caledonia. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 166:1140-9. [PMID: 17855390 PMCID: PMC2220030 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exceptionally high incidence rates of thyroid cancer are observed in New Caledonia, particularly in Melanesian women. To investigate further the etiology of thyroid cancer and to clarify the reasons of this elevated incidence, the authors conducted a countrywide population-based case-control study in this multiethnic population. The study included 332 cases with histologically verified papillary or follicular carcinoma (293 women and 39 men) diagnosed in 1993-1999 and 412 population controls (354 women and 58 men) frequency matched by gender and 5-year age group. Thyroid cancer was negatively associated with tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, but no inverse dose-response relation was observed. Height was positively associated with thyroid cancer, particularly in men. Strong positive associations with weight and body mass index were observed in Melanesian women aged 50 years or more, with an odds ratio of 5.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.5, 20.3) for a body mass index of 35 kg/m2 or greater compared with normal-weight women, and there was a clear dose-response trend. This study clarifies the role of overweight for thyroid cancer in postmenopausal women. Because of the high prevalence of obesity among Melanesian women of New Caledonia, this finding may explain in part the exceptionally elevated incidence of thyroid cancer in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Guignard
- Recherches épidémiologiques et statistiques sur l'environnement et la santé.
INSERM : U754IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XIHôpital Paul Brousse
16 av Paul Vaillant Couturier
94807 Villejuif,FR
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Recherches épidémiologiques et statistiques sur l'environnement et la santé.
INSERM : U754IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XIHôpital Paul Brousse
16 av Paul Vaillant Couturier
94807 Villejuif,FR
| | | | | | - Pascal Guénel
- Recherches épidémiologiques et statistiques sur l'environnement et la santé.
INSERM : U754IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XIHôpital Paul Brousse
16 av Paul Vaillant Couturier
94807 Villejuif,FR
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