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Plas X, Bruinsma B, van Lissa CJ, Vermetten E, van Lutterveld R, Geuze E. Long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms in deployed military personnel: A 10-year prospective study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:702-711. [PMID: 38537760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military missions, especially those involving combat exposure, are associated with an increased risk of depression. Understanding the long-term course of depressive symptoms post-deployment is important to improve decision-making regarding deployment and mental health policies in the military. This study investigates trajectories of depressive symptoms in the Dutch army, exploring the influence of factors such as demographics, early-life trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and deployment stressors. METHODS A cohort of 1032 military men and women deployed to Afghanistan (2005-2008) was studied from pre- to 10 years post-deployment. Depressive and PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Symptom CheckList-90 and the Self-Rating Inventory for PTSD. Demographics, early trauma, and deployment experiences were collected at baseline and after deployment, respectively. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to explore heterogeneity in trajectories of depressive symptoms over time. RESULTS Four trajectories were found: resilient (65%), intermediate-stable (20%), symptomatic-chronic (9%), and late-onset-increasing (6%). The resilient group experienced fewer deployment stressors, while the symptomatic-chronic group reported more early life traumas. Trajectories with elevated depressive symptoms consistently demonstrated higher PTSD symptoms. LIMITATIONS Potential nonresponse bias and missing information due to the longitudinal design and extensive follow-up times. CONCLUSIONS This study identified multiple trajectories of depressive symptoms in military personnel up to 10 years post-deployment, associated with early trauma, deployment stressors, adverse life events and PTSD symptoms. The prevalence of the resilient trajectory suggests a substantial level of resilience among deployed military personnel. These findings provide valuable insights and a foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra Plas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan Bruinsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caspar J van Lissa
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Remko van Lutterveld
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elbert Geuze
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Huang F. The Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Depression in Elementary Pre-Service Teachers: The Sequential Mediating Role of Flow Experience and Learning Engagement. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1689-1702. [PMID: 38660457 PMCID: PMC11042480 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s450594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trait mindfulness, flow experience, learning engagement, and depression among elementary pre-service teachers. Methods We employed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Flow Experience Scale, Learning Engagement Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to assess 614 elementary pre-service teachers. Results Trait mindfulness in elementary pre-service teachers negatively predicts depression. Trait mindfulness indirectly impacts depression through flow experience and learning engagement. Furthermore, flow experience and learning engagement serve as mediating factors in the relationship between trait mindfulness and depression among elementary pre-service teachers. Conclusion Flow experience and learning engagement play a mediating role in the relationship between trait mindfulness and depression among elementary pre-service teachers. This study enriches our understanding of depression cognitive theory, emphasizing the positive influence of internal resources on depression prevention. Additionally, it provides a deeper explanation of the mechanism through which trait mindfulness affects depression, offering valuable insights for future depression intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenxia Huang
- Basic Education College, Putian University, Putian, People’s Republic of China
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Mo H, Wang C, Li Y. Recent tobacco smoking, restaurant and in-car secondhand smoke exposure are associated with depressive symptoms among young adults: a population-based cross-sectional analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5290. [PMID: 38438445 PMCID: PMC10912083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between recent tobacco smoking, household secondhand smoke exposure, confined space secondhand smoke exposure and depressive symptoms in young adults after adjustments for each other. Data from NHANES 2013-2018 were extracted. A total of 4129 young adults age 18-35 years (mean age 26.11 ± 5.39 years, 2021 males and 2108 females) were included. Depressive symptoms were screened by PHQ-9. Recent tobacco smoking was assessed through question "smoked tobacco in the last 5 days?". Household secondhand smoke exposure was assessed through question "living with a smoker who smoked inside the house?". Confined space secondhand smoke exposure was assessed by SSEQ. Binary logistic regression models were performed to analyze the associations. Significant association were observed in recent tobacco smoking (OR = 1.593, 95% CI 1.318-1.926) and confined space secondhand smoke exposure (OR = 1.399, 95% CI 1.185-1.651), but not in household secondhand smoke exposure (P = 0.108). Among the different settings of confined space secondhand smoke exposure, restaurant (OR = 1.732, 95% CI 1.120-2.678) and in-car (OR = 1.350, 95% CI 1.102-1.652) exposure were significantly associated with depressive symptom after after fully adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Mo
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Kinesis and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Kinesis and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Idrees B, Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Hamilton HA, Chaput JP. Associations between problem technology use, life stress, and self-esteem among high school students. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:492. [PMID: 38365665 PMCID: PMC10870722 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period for development, with many risk factors resulting in long-term health consequences, particularly regarding mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between problem technology use, life stress, and self-esteem in a representative sample of adolescents residing in Ontario, Canada. METHODS Self-reported data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 4,748 students (57.9% females) in grades 9 to 12 (mean age: 15.9 ± 1.3 years) who participated in the 2019 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. Problem technology use was measured using the 6-item Short Problem Internet Use Test, life stress was assessed using an item from the British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey and self-esteem was assessed using a global measure from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Ordinal logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnoracial background, subjective socioeconomic status, body mass index z-score, tobacco cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and cannabis use. RESULTS We found that 18.3% of participants reported symptoms of moderate-to-high problem technology use, although symptoms were more common in females than males (22% vs. 14.7%, respectively). Moderate-to-high problem technology use was associated with 2.04 (95% CI: 1.77-2.35) times higher odds of reporting high life stress and 2.08 (95% CI: 1.76-2.45) times higher odds of reporting low self-esteem compared to all other response options. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study show that problem technology use is strongly associated with higher life stress and lower self-esteem in adolescents. This study supports the importance of developing and implementing effective strategies that help to mitigate the adverse effects of problem technology use on adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blal Idrees
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Hayley A Hamilton
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Yan Y, Li M, Cai T, Wang X, Dong Y, Hu X, Laureys S, Gosseries O, Grégoire C, Di H. Mood assessments of family caregivers of patients with severe brain injury in China. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:481-490. [PMID: 37971668 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-term care of severe brain injury patients places a significant mental burden on family caregivers, yet few studies have reported the situation in China. We aimed to describe the mood states of family caregivers of patients with severe brain injury and examine the influencing factors that affect caregivers' moods. METHODS Cross-sectional survey was used to assess the mood profiles of Chinese family caregivers between February 2019 and February 2020. Demographic data of caregivers and patients, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) were used to assess the level of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The quality of life score was also assessed by a visual analog scale, and the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised was used to assess the patient's consciousness. RESULT One hundred and one patients with severe brain injury (57 unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, UWS) between the age of 14 and 70 and their main family caregivers were enrolled in the study. Most caregivers displayed depressive (n = 62) and anxiety symptoms (n = 65), with 17 and 20 of these family caregivers reporting (moderately) severe depressive symptom and severe anxiety symptom, respectively. The caregiver's depressive symptom level significantly decreased as the patient's injury lasted longer (r = - 0.208, P = 0.037). Moreover, the age of the patient negatively related to the levels of depressive (r = - 0.310, P = 0.002) and anxiety symptoms (r = - 0.289, P = 0.003) in caregivers. There was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and depressive symptoms scores in family caregivers (r = 0.838, P < 0.001). The higher the level of anxiety (r = - 0.273, P = 0.006) and depressive symptoms (r = - 0.265, P = 0.007), the worse the quality of life. CONCLUSION Many family caregivers of patients with severe brain injury experience various levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms in China. Tailor-made psychological help seems imperative. Researchers and doctors can provide information about patient's conditions to assist family members in discussing rehabilitation options for patients in different states of consciousness will help to ease anxiety of family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yan
- International Vegetative State and Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- International Vegetative State and Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- International Vegetative State and Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital of Zhejiang People's Armed Police, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohua Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital of Zhejiang People's Armed Police, Hangzhou, China
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Joint International Research Unit on Consciousness, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grégoire
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Haibo Di
- International Vegetative State and Consciousness Science Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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Alqarawi FK, Alam BF, Nayab T, Alshehri S, Al-Jandan B, Fahim F, Ali S. Impact of COVID-19 on the self-esteem, psychological and dental esthetics of dental students. Work 2024; 77:407-416. [PMID: 37718829 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has badly affected the mental health, quality of life, and self-esteem of students worldwide. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to evaluate the psychological impact and self-esteem of dental students using Rosenberg self-esteem scale and PIDAQ during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD This cross-sectional research was conducted amongst the dental students studying at various dental colleges in Karachi, Pakistan from January to May 2022. Evaluation of psychological aspect and self-esteem of students was carried out using "Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ)", and "Rosenberg self-esteem scale" as perceived by students during the pandemic. For data analysis SPSS v24 was used. Data analysis comprised of descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation, One-way Anova and Linear regression. The level of significance of p value was less than 0.05. RESULTS Overall 332 students participated, among which there were 181 females (54.5%), 151 males (45.5%). Dental self-confidence showed a negative relationship with social influence, psychological effect, and aesthetic concern, while it was positively linked with self-esteem during the pandemic. Social impact demonstrated association with psychological impact, aesthetic concern, and self-esteem, while it was negatively correlated with dental confidence. Rosenberg score showed positive correlation with all the variables. Statistically significant association was identified for variables when compared with gender. Regression analysis indicated association of age with dental confidence and RSS, while gender with social influence. CONCLUSION The pandemic, aside from affecting the health of individuals worldwide, also badly affected the well-being, mental health, and self-esteem of the dental students. Dental aesthetics plays a crucial role in the mental wellbeing and self-esteem of the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas K Alqarawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beenish Fatima Alam
- Department of Oral Biology, Bahria University Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Talha Nayab
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sami Alshehri
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Al-Jandan
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Fahim
- Department of BUCPT, Bahria University Health Sciences Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Fu HY, Wang J, Hu JX. Influence of physical education on anxiety, depression, and self-esteem among college students. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:1121-1132. [PMID: 38186731 PMCID: PMC10768485 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i12.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical education is pivotal in our country's education reform. Urban schools have notably enhanced the intensity of physical education in recent years. However, the effects of physical education on students' anxiety, depression, and self-esteem levels, as well as their interrelations, remain unexplored. AIM To analyze the influence of physical education on students' anxiety, depression, and self-esteem. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional design. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 478 first-year university students. Self-administered questionnaires were used to investigate the physical education status and basic information of college students. We used the Physical Activity Rank Scale-3 (PARS-3), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Self-Esteem Scale (SES) to assess the level of exercise, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem. Multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the predictive ability of PARS-3 scores for anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the correlations among the PARS-3, SAS, SDS, and SES. RESULTS Compared with the domestic norms, SAS and SDS scores were higher, and SES scores were lower (P < 0.05). Among the participants, 210 (43.93%) had PARS-3 scores below 20, 94 (19.67%) had scores of 20-42, and 174 (36.40%) had scores above 42. After adjusting for daily sleep time, gender, being an only child, major, father's educational background, mother's educational background, and family residence, PARS-3 scores were independent influencing factors for anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem (P < 0.05). The AUC of PARS-3 scores predicting anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem were 0.805 (0.760-0.849), 0.799 (0.755-0.843), and 0.831 (0.788-0.874), respectively. The sensitivities were 0.799, 0.801, and 0.748, and the specificities were 0.743, 0.716, and 0.814, respectively. PARS-3 was negatively correlated with SAS and SDS scores (r = -0.566, -0.621, both P < 0.001) and positively correlated with SES scores (r = -0.621, P < 0.001). SES scores were negatively correlated with SAS and SDS scores (r = -0.508, r = -0.518, both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The amount of physical activity is negatively correlated with anxiety and depression degree and positively correlated with self-esteem degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Fu
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Xi Hu
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhang L, Zhu W, Wu B. Determinants of Depressive Symptoms Among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in China: A Structural Equation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4197-4208. [PMID: 37868652 PMCID: PMC10590068 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s428892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine how personality traits, social support and clinical features including pain, disease activity, functional status, sleep quality, and fatigue influence on depressive symptoms in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods This study was conducted from November, 2022 to June, 2023 among Chinese RA patients. Pain, disease activity, functional status, sleep quality, fatigue, social support, personality traits, and depressive symptoms were assessed. The following relationships among three hypotheses were analyzed by structural equation model (SEM): H1: clinical features have a direct effect on depressive symptoms; H2: personality traits might work as a mediator between clinical features and depression; H3: social support is related to depressive symptoms, being a direct effect or an indirect effect through clinical features or personality traits. Results The final model including 326 RA patients presented a good fit (χ2=103, χ2/df=1.69; GFI=0.96; AGFI=0.93; CFI=0.97; TLI=0.96; RMSEA=0.046). Clinical features had a total effect of 0.59 on depressive symptoms, of which β=0.33 (P=0.013) was an indirect effect through personality traits, indicating a mediating influence between this relationship; moreover, there was a significant direct association between clinical features and depressive symptoms (β=0.26; P=0.022). Personality traits (β=-0.65; P<0.001) had a much stronger relation with depressive symptoms than with clinical features. Social support had a total effect of 0.81 on personality traits, being a direct effect of β=0.52 (P<0.001) and an indirect effect of β=0.29 (P<0.001) through clinical features. The final proposed model explained 77% of the variance of depressive symptoms. Conclusion Personality traits had a considerable influence upon depressive symptoms, while social support seemed to have a major effect on personality traits. It is necessary to apply comprehensive assessment and interventions of patients' personality traits, clinical features, as well as social support, which could optimize their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Zhu
- Department of Nursing, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Beiwen Wu
- Department of Nursing, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Fadipe MF, Aggarwal S, Johnson C, Beauchamp JES. Effectiveness of online cognitive behavioural therapy on quality of life in adults with depression: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023; 30:885-898. [PMID: 37010913 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide that negatively impacts quality of life. Talk therapy such as cognitive behavioural therapy is an effective treatment for depression. The Internet is an important tool for mental healthcare delivery. Internet-delivered or online talk therapy interventions are associated with lower costs and improved accessibility. Current reviews do not address the effectiveness of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) on quality of life (QoL). WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE Interventions for iCBT have better QoL improvements for individuals with greater depressive symptom severity, females, young adults and individuals with complex comorbid disorders. Support from a healthcare provider for iCBT interventions have better outcomes than self-guided therapy interventions. Tailoring the iCBT intervention to the specialized needs of the population is beneficial. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE There is potential to address treatment gaps for managing the care of individuals with depression. Utilizing iCBT promotes the integration of accessible mental healthcare in clinical settings. Healthcare providers can have a more comprehensive approach to delivering iCBT by considering adaptations relevant to the clinical population being treated. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability resulting from social, psychological and biological factors affecting quality of life (QoL). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective psychotherapy for MDD. Internet-delivered CBT (iCBT) is associated with lower costs and improved accessibility. AIM We aimed to examine the effectiveness of iCBT on QoL in adults with depression. METHOD PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO were searched between 2010 and 2022. Inclusion criteria were experimental designs, adults ≥18 years old, depression diagnosis or valid self-report measure, iCBT intervention; and QoL outcome. Exclusion criteria were studies without depression analysis and intellectual disabilities or psychosis. RESULTS Seventeen articles were included, with a negative correlation between depression severity and QoL. Sex, age and physical comorbidity positively influenced effectiveness. Depressive severity, dysfunctional attitude and negative thinking were predictors and moderators of QoL. Clinician support can impact social interactions and sense of belonging. DISCUSSION Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy is effective for improving QoL in adults with MDD. Severe depression, females, younger age and comorbid disorders were associated with greater QoL improvements. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings suggest iCBT could address depression treatment gaps related to improving QoL. Utilizing iCBT potentially improves the care continuum for individuals with complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa F Fadipe
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Seema Aggarwal
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Constance Johnson
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E S Beauchamp
- Department of Research, Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Baek SU, Lee WT, Kim MS, Lim MH, Yoon JH, Won JU. Self-Esteem Trajectories After Occupational Injuries and Diseases and Their Relation to Changes in Subjective Health: Result From the Panel Study of Workers' Compensation Insurance (PSWCI). J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e284. [PMID: 37724493 PMCID: PMC10506903 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational injuries and diseases are life events that significantly impact an individuals' identity. In this study, we examined the trajectories of self-esteem among victims of occupational injury and disease and their relation to health. METHODS The Panel Study of Workers' Compensation Insurance conducted annual follow-ups on workers who had experienced occupational injury or disease. A total of 2,000 participants, who had completed medical care, were followed from 2013 to 2017. Growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify latent classes in the self-esteem trajectory. Additionally, logistic regressions were conducted to explore the association between trajectory membership, baseline predictors, and outcomes. RESULTS Three distinct trajectory classes were identified. Total 65.8% of the samples (n = 1,316) followed an increasing self-esteem trajectory, while 31.1% (n = 623) exhibited a constant trajectory, and 3.1% (n = 61) showed a decreasing trajectory. Individuals with an increasing trajectory were more likely to have a higher educational attainment (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-2.88), an absence of a moderate-to-severe disability rating (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25-0.96), no difficulty in daily living activities (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75-0.88), and were economically active (re-employed: OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.52-3.98; returned to original work: OR, 4.46; 9% CI, 2.65-7.50). Those with a decreasing self-esteem trajectory exhibited an increased risk of poor subjective health (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 0.85-4.85 in 2013 to OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.04-13.81 in 2017), whereas individuals with an increasing trajectory showed a decreased risk (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.43-0.68 in 2013 to OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.33-0.57 in 2017). CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the diversity of psychological responses to occupational injury or disease. Policymakers should implement interventions to enhance the self-esteem of victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Tae Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong-Hun Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Fan RR, Rudnick SB, Minami HR, Chen AM, Zemela MS, Wittgen CM, Williams MS, Smeds MR. Depression screening in patients with vascular disease. Vascular 2023; 31:758-766. [PMID: 35404707 DOI: 10.1177/17085381221084817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in vascular surgery patients. The US Preventive Services Task Force and American Heart Association recommend routine depression screening for adults, especially those with cardiovascular disease. Since routine depression screening has not been implemented in most vascular surgery clinics across the nation, we sought to determine the feasibility of depression screening and understand the prevalence and predictors of depression in patients presenting to a single institution's vascular surgery clinic over a 4 month period. METHODS From June to September 2020, vascular surgery clinic patients were administered a 26-item survey that included validated scales for depression (PHQ-9), pain, frailty, alcohol dependence, and nicotine dependence. Although not validated, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was also administered. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information and medical history. 9-digit patient zip codes were used to determine Area Deprivation Index, a measure of socioeconomic status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to understand the factors associated with increased depression prevalence in the study population. RESULTS A total of 140 (36.4%) of 385 patients met study inclusion criteria. 35.7% of them screened positive for mild to severe depression (PHQ-9 scores ≥5). On univariate analysis, major depression was significantly associated with lower socioeconomic status (p = 0.007), higher frailty (p < 0.001), lower self-esteem (p < 0.001), higher daily pain (p < 0.001), health problems that interfere with social activities (p < 0.001), fatigue (p < 0.001), unmarried status (p = 0.031), and lack of primary care provider (p = 0.048). Multivariate analyses significantly predicted higher frailty (B= 0.487, p = 0.007) and lower self-esteem (B= -0.413, p < 0.001) in patients with depression. Depression was not associated with gender, age, employment status, smoking status, alcohol use, or type of vascular disease. COCLUSIONS More than one-third of vascular surgery clinic patients have comorbid depression. Higher frailty and lower self-esteem are significant risk factors for depression. Prevention and early identification of frailty may improve outcomes. Depression screening in vascular surgery clinics is feasible and could be useful in determining which patients may benefit from more frequent follow-up and monitoring for associated comorbidities. Vascular surgeons may play an important role in screening for depression and referring patients for psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Fan
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Hataka R Minami
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy M Chen
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark S Zemela
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Catherine M Wittgen
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Williams
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew R Smeds
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Schmiedehaus E, Snyder E, Perrotte J, Deason R, Howard K, Cordaro M. The Ongoing Mental Health Plight of Depressed College Students: Clinical Recommendations and the Importance of Early Screening and Detection. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37279399 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2215866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of college students. The psychological distress from the pandemic increased risk for provisional rates of Major Depression Disorder (MDD) during an already crucial developmental period. Using an online survey, participants were assessed for a provisional diagnosis of MDD using a validated screening tool, along with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and psychosocial correlates. Findings showed a significant increase in the prevalence of MDD, and significant differences in social support, loneliness, substance use, GAD and suicidality were identified. Early screening and detection for potential MDD symptoms can reduce the severity, duration, and reoccurrence of future MDD episodes for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Schmiedehaus
- Department of Philosophy, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Ethan Snyder
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Perrotte
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Deason
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Krista Howard
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Millie Cordaro
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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13
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Martínez-Briones BJ, Flores-Gallegos R, Cárdenas SY, Barrera-Díaz BE, Fernández T, Silva-Pereyra J. Effects of neurofeedback on the self-concept of children with learning disorders. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1167961. [PMID: 37255511 PMCID: PMC10225657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1167961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with learning disorders (LDs) often have a lower self-concept than their typically developing peers. Neurofeedback (NFB) treatments seem to improve the cognitive and academic performance of these children, but the effects on self-concept have not been studied. In this exploratory study, 34 right-handed children (8-11 y.o.) with LD and delayed electroencephalographic maturation responded to the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. One group received NFB (n = 20), and another group (n = 14) served as control, which included 9 children treated with sham-NFB and 5 on a waiting-list. A nonparametric permutation approach was used to compare the academic performance and self-concept difference (postscores - prescores) between the NFB and control groups. Given the smaller size of the control subgroups, a comparison of the percent changes between sham-NFB and the waiting-list was performed with the non-overlap of all pairs (NAP) technique. In the NFB group, the scores of reading, math, and global self-concept increased significantly, highlighting the self-concept subdomains of physical appearance, nonanxiety, popularity, and happiness. Additionally, the sham-NFB subgroup showed better outcomes than the waiting-list subgroup, perhaps due to noncontrolled factors. We found improved academic performance and self-concept in children with LDs who received NFB treatment. This study is an important exploratory step in studying a relevant treatment that seems to ameliorate symptoms of LDs such as anxiety and low self-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Javier Martínez-Briones
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Flores-Gallegos
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Sonia Y. Cárdenas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
- Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Bertha Elena Barrera-Díaz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Thalía Fernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlanepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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14
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Association between Negative Life Events and Somatic Symptoms: A Mediation Model through Self-Esteem and Depression. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13030243. [PMID: 36975269 PMCID: PMC10045670 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the serial multiple mediation of self-esteem and depression in the relationship between negative life events and somatic symptoms in Chinese medical students. We recruited a total of 3383 medical students for this study, and used the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 to assess the somatic symptoms of subjects; the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List to assess negative life events; the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to assess self-esteem; and the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression. Descriptive analysis and statistical tests were then performed on the collected data. We showed that 39.17% of the medical students had mild somatic symptoms, 24.14% had moderate somatic symptoms, and 5.66% had severe somatic symptoms; we observed significant differences in somatic symptoms among genders, living expenses, and one-child. For negative life events, interpersonal stress was the most important predictor of somatization during the regression analysis. In addition, we observed significance for both the direct and part of the indirect paths from negative life events to somatic symptoms using mediation model analysis. However, we noted that there was no significance for the path through negative life events and self-esteem to somatic symptoms. This study revealed a high prevalence of somatic symptoms among Chinese medical students, and the findings suggested that interventions aimed at reducing somatization in this population should consider the impact of negative life events, particularly those related to interpersonal stress. One potential approach to mitigating the effects of negative life events on somatization is to enhance self-esteem and decrease the level of depression among medical students.
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15
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Wut TM, Lee SW, Xu J(B. Mental Health of Working Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Physical Activity Level Matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2961. [PMID: 36833655 PMCID: PMC9966206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations between physical activity levels and the psychological outcomes of depression and anxiety. In 2022, Hong Kong was still exercising strict measures to control the spread of COVID-19. In this connection, major events and almost all large-scale sports events were suspended. Most recreational facilities were closed and repurposed as vaccination venues. As a result, a reduction in physical activity was expected. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 109 working adults in Hong Kong. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form was adopted as it continues to be the most widely used scale to measure physical activity. Almost a quarter of respondents exercised regularly. On average, respondents engaged in less than an hour's physical activity per week. Findings showed that even low to moderate levels of physical activity were positively associated with perceived self-esteem and perceived mental well-being. More specifically, self-esteem and perceived mental well-being were negatively associated with depression and anxiety. A full mediation effect between engagement in low levels of physical activity and anxiety was found. Light exercises may ultimately lead to lower anxiety via an indirect effect, with perceived mental well-being acting as a mediator. There was no direct relationship between low levels of physical activity and anxiety. In a similar vein, moderate levels of physical activity may lead to amelioration of symptoms related to depression and anxiety through indirect effects, with self-esteem as a mediator. Apart from engagement in low levels of physical activity, moderate levels of physical activity, such as swimming, jogging, and dancing, which have associations with self-esteem and mental health, could also be considered for attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ming Wut
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Peoples JE, Butler-Barnes ST, Stafford JD, Williams SL, Smith I. Exploring the association between mental health climate and depression: the protective role of positive mental health and sense of belonging among Black college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36634355 PMCID: PMC10336179 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2155466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore relationships between mental health climate, positive mental health, sense of belonging, and depression among a U.S. national sample of Black college students. Participants: 1303 Black undergraduate and graduate students from 15 colleges and universities throughout the U.S. Methods: Data were from the 2018-2019 Healthy Minds Study. Analysis included hierarchical regression models. Results: A more positive perception of mental health climate and higher levels of both positive mental health and sense of belonging were significantly associated with lower levels of depression. Significant interactions existed between positive mental health and climate and sense of belonging and climate with buffering effects being most pronounced for students reporting high levels of positive mental health. Conclusion: Black college students' perceptions of an institution's mental health climate are associated with psychological outcomes. College health stakeholders should consider the buffering effects of protective factors on mental health when designing initiatives for Black college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaNiene E. Peoples
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis; 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sheretta T. Butler-Barnes
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis; 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jewel D. Stafford
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis; 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sha-Lai Williams
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri - St. Louis; 1 Brookings Drive, 1 University Blvd. 475 SSB St. Louis MO 63121, USA
| | - Ivy Smith
- Division of Computational and Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis; 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1220, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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17
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Belson PJ, Eastwood JA, Brecht ML, Kim JW, Hays RD, Pike NA. Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescent and Young Adult Retinoblastoma Survivors. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY NURSING 2022; 39:342-357. [PMID: 35674414 PMCID: PMC9807776 DOI: 10.1177/27527530221073766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant intraocular tumor diagnosed in early childhood that requires extensive medical and surgical treatment at a young age. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is thought to be diminished due to visual impairment, facial deformities, and fear of recurrence or secondary cancer. However, few studies have identified variables associated with HRQOL among those with RB. Purpose: To compare HRQOL of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with RB to matched controls and to identify predictors of HRQOL in RB survivors. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 198 AYAs (101 RBs and 97 controls) completed HRQOL (PROMIS®-29 profile) and psychosocial questionnaires (Rosenberg self-esteem scale, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and Hollingshead index for socioeconomic status). Clinical variables (age at diagnosis, visual acuity, laterality, heredity, treatment regime, and anesthesia exposure) were extracted from the medical record. Correlates of HRQOL were estimated using linear regression models. Results: RB survivors reported similar HRQOL compared to controls. Physical function (p < .001), social support (p = .013), and self-esteem (p = .028) were lower in the RB group compared to controls. Visual acuity and self-esteem accounted for 52% of the variance in PROMIS physical health summary scores and self-esteem accounted for 38% of the variance in mental health summary scores. Conclusion: Despite deficits in physical function and self-esteem HRQOL in RB survivors was comparable to healthy counterparts. However, the majority of RB survivors in this study had normal visual acuity. Clinicians should explore ways to enhance self-esteem in RB survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan W. Kim
- Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ron D. Hays
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Nancy A. Pike
- Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Linden B, Ecclestone A, Stuart H. A scoping review and evaluation of instruments used to measure resilience among post-secondary students. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101227. [PMID: 36177483 PMCID: PMC9513163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As mental health problems continue to increase among post-secondary populations, the need to develop effective initiatives designed to bolster students’ resilience has increasingly been identified as a priority. Therefore, access to valid tools with which to measure the efficacy of these interventions is imperative. To date, a comprehensive assessment of existing instruments used to evaluate the construct of resilience among post-secondary student populations has not been conducted. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by conducting a scoping review of literature detailing the use of resilience instruments and evaluating their quality based on suitability for use in the post-secondary setting and associated psychometric evidence. We identified a total of 78 records published between 2010 and 2022, extracting a total of 12 instruments. Using detailed criteria frameworks, each instrument was assessed in terms of suitability and quality of associated psychometric evidence for validity and reliability. The results of our study suggest that many of the instruments currently being used to assess resilience among post-secondary students may not be appropriate. The majority of the instruments included in our review were developed for use among general adult populations and not specifically designed for use in the post-secondary setting. Most instruments did not assess resilience in a comprehensive, holistic matter that addressed the ability to bounce back from adversity by drawing upon psychological, social, cultural, and environmental resources, as defined by recent research. Further, no instruments included in our review had published evidence in support of a complete psychometric analysis. The results of our evaluation suggest that the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is the most suitable instrument for measuring resilience among post-secondary populations due to its suitability, comprehensive assessment of the construct of resilience, and demonstrably strong psychometric properties for both the 25- and 10-item versions of the tool. There is a need for access to valid and appropriate tools with which to measure post-secondary students’ resilience. We identified a total of 12 instruments evaluating resilience among post-secondary student populations. The majority of the instruments were not designed for use in the post-secondary setting and were not comprehensive· We recommend the CD-RISC as the most suitable. We recommend the CD-RISC as the most suitable instrument for measuring resilience among post-secondary students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Linden
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, 343-333-6127, Canada
| | - Amy Ecclestone
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, 343-333-6127, Canada
| | - Heather Stuart
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Departments of Public Health Sciences, Psychiatry and School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Canada
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19
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Zhou SC, Luo D, Wang XQ, Zhu J, Wu S, Sun T, Li XY, Kang L, Ma S, Lu B, Liu Q, Yang BX, Liu Z. Suicidal ideation in college students having major depressive disorder: Role of childhood trauma, personality and dysfunctional attitudes. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:311-318. [PMID: 35597473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide in college students is a major public health concern. Suicidal ideation (SI) is associated with childhood trauma, personality, dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms, but how they interact to predict SI remains unclear. METHODS Using cross-sectional design and convenience sampling method, a survey was conducted among 565 college students having major depressive disorder (MDD). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale assessed participants' psychosocial factors. Chi-square test, t-test, Pearson correlation, and Structural Equation Model were used in data analysis. RESULTS Overall, 66.02% of participants with MDD had SI. Those with SI showed significant differences in physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, psychoticism, neuroticism, extroversion, dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms compared with those without SI. Childhood trauma, psychoticism, neuroticism, extroversion and dysfunctional attitudes affected SI through chain mediation. In addition, depressive symptoms, psychoticism, neuroticism and extroversion directly affected SI. LIMITATIONS The convenience sampling method may limit the generalizability of the findings. Results may be biased due to the self-report nature of the data collection procedure, the number of research subjects and differences in suicide risk assessment. The cross-sectional study cannot be used to infer causality. CONCLUSIONS The factors of childhood trauma, personality and dysfunctional attitudes affect SI through chain mediation. In addition, depressive symptoms and personality independently predict the occurrence of SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen Zhou
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Qin Wang
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyong Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuqin Wu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Health science center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin Yi Li
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baili Lu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bing Xiang Yang
- Mental and Behavioural Health Research Center, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Hirano YO, Uchino R, Tanaka S, Doi M, Aramaki K. Factors Predicting the Quality of Life of University Students in Japan Amidst COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:931381. [PMID: 35874329 PMCID: PMC9298658 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.931381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, classes and club activities in Japanese universities have been canceled; this may increase students' perceived stress and adversely affect their quality of life. This study investigated the factors that influence Japanese university students' quality of life during the pandemic. An online questionnaire collating data related to demographic characteristics, the perceived stress scale (PSS), sense of coherence (SOC), number of social supports, and quality of life (Short Form Health Survey; SF-8) was distributed to university students. Participants were divided into two groups: those who entered university before (seniors) and after (juniors) the onset of the pandemic. Their scores on the two sub-domains (physical and mental) of the SF-8 were evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the composite mental summary of the SF-8. Regression analysis indicated that the predictor model of the composite mental summary differed between juniors and seniors. Among seniors, the composite mental summary was significantly indicated by the composite physical summary (β = 0.549, p < 0.0001) and PSS (β = 0.422, p < 0.0001). Among juniors, it was significantly indicated by the composite physical summary (β = 0.531, p < 0.0001), PSS (β = 0.390, p < 0.0001), and number of social supports (β = -0.148, p = 0.006). The factors associated with quality of life differed between seniors and juniors. Universities must provide opportunities for students to find more friends, especially for juniors who have limited socialization opportunities owing to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko O Hirano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Risako Uchino
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sae Tanaka
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Doi
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Aramaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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21
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Moloud R, Saeed Y, Mahmonir H, Rasool GA. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in major depressive disorder with focus on self-esteem and optimism: an interventional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:299. [PMID: 35484528 PMCID: PMC9047275 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a common psychological condition that can lead to negative individual and social consequences, the management of which is very important in treating the patients. The present study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on self-esteem and optimism in patients with major depressive disorder. METHODS This is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial in which a total of 64 patients with major depressive disorder were recruited using convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to two groups of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) and Treatment-As-Usual (TAU). Data collection tools consisted of a demographic questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). In the pretest stage, participants in both groups completed the above questionnaires before the intervention. Patients in the CBGT group received eight 90-min sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy during four weeks (two sessions a week). Then participants re-completed RSES and LOT-R immediately, three months, and six months after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 16.0 using chi-squared test, independent-samples t-test, and repeated measures Analysis of Variance. The significance level (p-value) was considered to be less than 0.05. RESULTS It was indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of self-esteem and optimism between the two groups immediately, three months, and six months after the intervention (p < .05). The mean scores of self-esteem and optimism in the CBGT group increased significantly after the intervention compared to before it, although these scores gradually decreased over the three measurement time points after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Based upon the results, it was concluded that the level of optimism and self-esteem increased significantly in the CBGT group after the intervention, although the levels of the above variables dropped again in the long run after the intervention due to the discontinuity of CBGT sessions. Therefore, it is necessary to take particular measures to regularly hold the sessions of CBGT for patients with major depressive disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER IRCT20140212016564N15 , The date of registration: 20-09-2021, Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radfar Moloud
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Nazlou. 11 Km of Nazlou Road, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Yavari Saeed
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Nazlou. 11 Km of Nazlou Road, Urmia, Iran
| | - Haghighi Mahmonir
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gharaaghaji Asl Rasool
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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22
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Type D personality and self-esteem in patients with fibromyalgia: a cross-sectional case–control study. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:1027-1034. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents and Young Adults in Greece: prevalence and associated factors. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Doyle I, Catling JC. The Influence of Perfectionism, Self-Esteem and Resilience on Young People's Mental Health. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:224-240. [PMID: 35201966 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2027854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study explored whether maladaptive perfectionism and low self-esteem constituted reliable risk factors of student mental illness, as well as determining whether resilience moderates these predictive relationships. 434 University undergraduate students were recruited. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7). Perfectionism, self-esteem and resilience were analyzed in relation to the PHQ9 and GAD-7 scores via a regression analysis. Perfectionism discrepancy, self-esteem and resilience all significantly predicted depression and anxiety. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed a statistically significant amount of additional variance to be explained by resilience for depression and anxiety, than for perfectionism and self-esteem alone. Maladaptive perfectionism and low self-esteem predispose an individual to depression and anxiety, though resilience may act as a protective factor against development of mental illness.
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Sekoni O, Mall S, Christofides N. The relationship between protective factors and common mental disorders among female urban slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263703. [PMID: 35134096 PMCID: PMC8824382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the African continent, many people live in conditions of adversity known to be associated with the onset of mental disorders, yet not all develop a mental disorder. The prevalence of common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety in the general population of Nigeria is comparatively low. Prevalence data of mental disorders in slum settings in Nigeria is sparse. There is a need to better understand the relationship between protective factors and the occurrence of common mental disorders in the Nigerian slum context. This study aimed to describe the relationship between protective factors and the occurrence of common mental disorders among female urban slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS AND FINDINGS A cross sectional household survey of 550 women was conducted in slum settlements in Ibadan, Nigeria. Interviewer administered questionnaires were completed to elicit information on protective factors (social connectedness, self-esteem, social support, resilience) and common mental disorders (depression, anxiety and stress). The DASS-21 was used to measure common mental disorders and protective factors were measured using the Social Connectedness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Resilience scale and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to examine associations while adjusting for relevant confounders. Common mental disorders were reported by 14.0% of the respondents. Resilience and social support were found to be protective against reporting symptoms of common mental disorders. Women who reported higher levels of social support and resilience were less likely to report common mental disorders (OR:0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.98) and (OR:0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99) respectively. Women who were 65 years and older were also less likely to report the occurrence of common mental disorders (OR:0.38, 95% CI 0.15, 0.98) compared to those aged 18-34 years. CONCLUSION Social support and resilience appear to be protective against common mental disorders among these respondents. Further research should be conducted to explore the pathways through which protective factors reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of common mental disorders. This would be important in the development of mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutoyin Sekoni
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa
| | - Sumaya Mall
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa
| | - Nicola Christofides
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa
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26
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Azmi FM, Khan HN, Azmi AM, Yaswi A, Jakovljevic M. Prevalence of COVID-19 Pandemic, Self-Esteem and Its Effect on Depression Among University Students in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:836688. [PMID: 35211449 PMCID: PMC8863063 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.836688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims University students are commonly identified as susceptible, suffering from higher anxiety, stress, and depression than the overall population. During the Corona Virus Disease pandemic (COVID), education was shifted to the virtual learning environment. Students' ambiguity regarding academic accomplishment, imminent careers, changes in social life, and other concerns all these factors played a role in amplifying their stress levels, anxiety, and depression worldwide. This study investigates university students' self-esteem and depressions after they have been online learning for over 1 year due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Methods For this research, an adapted questionnaire of Rosenberg (Self-Esteem Scale) and Zung (Self-Rating Depression Scale) was used to get the responses of the participants of public and private universities in Saudi Arabia during March-April 2021. We received a total of 151 valid responses from respondents. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics, ANOVA, multiple regression and binary logistic regression. Findings The results showed that 75% of the students experienced different levels of depressions, with half (37.5%) having moderate to extreme levels of depression. A total of 41% of students experienced low self-esteem (38% females and 45% males). The regression results indicated depressive symptoms for low self-esteem. Furthermore, results of logistic regression showed that high self-esteem reduces the chances of getting depressive symptoms by 17%. The depressive symptoms were higher in female students than their male counterparts; furthermore, males experienced depressive symptoms less than females by 38%. Conclusions Based on the current research results, it is concluded that the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically increased the depressive symptoms in students, especially in female students. The findings suggested instant consideration and support for students. It is also suggested to the quest for potential managing policies that have been known and effective during the pandemic. Moreover, training should be provided for students to shift their educational experience mindset to an adaptive mindset, which can help them adapt to the new ways of learning and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima M. Azmi
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habib Nawaz Khan
- Department of Statistics, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Aqil M. Azmi
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arooj Yaswi
- Department of General Studies-Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mihajlo Jakovljevic
- Department Global Health Economics and Policy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Comparative Economics Studies, Hosei University Faculty of Economics, Tokyo, Japan
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Balderas-Vazquez CL, Bernal-Morales B, Garcia-Montalvo EA, Vega L, Herrera-Huerta EV, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Velázquez-Hernández JF, Xotlanihua-Gervacio MDC, Valenzuela OL. Association Between Socio-Affective Symptoms and Glutathione and CD4 and CD8 Lymphocytes in College Students. Front Psychol 2022; 12:666347. [PMID: 35069302 PMCID: PMC8766728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in young students is associated with biosocial factors and scholastic stress. However, few studies have evaluated emotional-affective symptoms that are related to the immune system and antioxidant parameters in young individuals without diagnoses of affective disorders. Aim: This study aims to assess the relationship between emotional-affective symptoms and glutathione concentrations and CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts in college students. Methods: College students (n = 177) completed standardized psychometric instruments, including the Perceived Stress Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Familiar Social and Friends Support Scale, and Rosenberg Scale. Blood samples were biochemically analyzed. Analyses of variance were conducted between four groups according to symptom severity. Results: A considerable prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms was observed and negatively correlated with self-esteem and socio-familiar support. Perceived stress was sexually dimorphic. Although biochemical parameters were within reference ranges, glutathione, CD4, and CD8 tended to be lower in participants with anxiety and depression symptoms, which may be of predictive value. Conclusion: The relationship between antioxidant/immune parameters and socio-affective scores is latent in undiagnosed college students who might develop affective disorders. The findings suggest that during the initial development of affective disorders, stress management strategies should be implemented to help college students cope with the academic load and monitor negative changes in their physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blandina Bernal-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Libia Vega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Guo J, Huang X, Zheng A, Chen W, Lei Z, Tang C, Chen H, Ma H, Li X. The Influence of Self-Esteem and Psychological Flexibility on Medical College Students' Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:836956. [PMID: 35651820 PMCID: PMC9148951 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.836956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems has become a major public health issue among medical students. Self-esteem and psychological flexibility were important associated factors for mental health, but their relations have not been discussed in medical students. The present study aimed to assess the status of mental health problems among medical students and identified whether psychological flexibility had a mediating role in the effects of self-esteem on the top three most common psychological symptoms. METHODS A total of 810 undergraduate students from 18 classes comprised in the sample. Nine dimensions of psychological symptoms was assessed by the Symptom Checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R). Self-esteem was measured by the Self-esteem Scale (SES) and psychological flexibility was evaluated by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 2nd Edition (AAQ-II) and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-F). Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the relationship among the top three common psychological symptoms, self-esteem, psychological flexibility, and participants' characteristics. The mediating effect of psychological flexibility between self-esteem and psychological symptoms was detected by bootstrap method. RESULTS 57.8% of the medical undergraduate students reported positive at least one of the nine psychological symptom dimensions assessed by the SCL-90-R and 13.8% of students had moderate or more severe symptoms. The symptoms of obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression were the three most common psychological symptoms among the medical students. Meanwhile, self-esteem and psychological flexibility were negatively associated to the symptoms of obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression. And, almost 50% effects of self-esteem on these three symptoms in medical students exert indirect effects through psychological flexibility. CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress was quite common in the Chinese medical students. The three most common psychological symptoms were successively obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression. Low self-esteem and psychological inflexibility might be the risk factors for these top three symptoms, and psychological flexibility might play a mediating role in the effects of self-esteem on these psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Anhai Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongli Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenglu Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Chen SS, He Y, Xie GD, Chen LR, Zhang TT, Yuan MY, Li YH, Chang JJ, Su PY. Relationships among adverse childhood experience patterns, psychological resilience, self-esteem and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: A serial multiple mediation model. Prev Med 2022; 154:106902. [PMID: 34863811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent depression are both prevalent social problems that can increase the risk of several negative health consequences throughout life. The original definition of ACEs misdirects the focus of intervention efforts for ACEs to only family dysfunction and parenting practices. We used a broader definition of ACEs and a latent class analysis (LCA) model to examine ACE patterns, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of cumulative and single adversity approaches based on the special social context of China. The data were derived from a middle school in Huaibei City of Anhui Province in 2019 and 2020, which was a prospective study involving 1687 junior high school students. At the initial evaluation (T1), ACEs, psychological resilience, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms were assessed by the students. At Time 2 (T2), the depressive symptoms of students were assessed. LCA and mediation analyses were conducted with Mplus version 8.2. The LCA identified the following three heterogeneous ACE classes: "low adversity" (36.4%), "moderate adversity" (44.2%), and "high adversity" (19.4%). The mediation analysis showed that the ACE patterns affected depressive symptoms through the following two mediation paths only in the moderate but not in the high adversity class: self-esteem alone and a path combining psychological resilience and self-esteem. Psychological resilience separately did not mediate the association between ACE patterns and depressive symptoms. To reduce depressive symptoms, interventions for students with ACEs need to improve self-esteem through many channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Die Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ru Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yong-Han Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Jie Chang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Pu-Yu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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30
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Lim JA, Yun JY, Choi SH, Park S, Suk HW, Jang JH. Greater variability in daily sleep efficiency predicts depression and anxiety in young adults: Estimation of depression severity using the two-week sleep quality records of wearable devices. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1041747. [PMID: 36419969 PMCID: PMC9676252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1041747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbances are associated with both the onset and progression of depressive disorders. It is important to capture day-to-day variability in sleep patterns; irregular sleep is associated with depressive symptoms. We used sleep efficiency, measured with wearable devices, as an objective indicator of daily sleep variability. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total sample consists of 100 undergraduate and graduate students, 60% of whom were female. All were divided into three groups (with major depressive disorder, mild depressive symptoms, and controls). Self-report questionnaires were completed at the beginning of the experiment, and sleep efficiency data were collected daily for 2 weeks using wearable devices. We explored whether the mean value of sleep efficiency, and its variability, predicted the severity of depression using dynamic structural equation modeling. RESULTS More marked daily variability in sleep efficiency significantly predicted levels of depression and anxiety, as did the average person-level covariates (longer time in bed, poorer quality of life, lower extraversion, and higher neuroticism). CONCLUSION Large swings in day-to-day sleep efficiency and certain clinical characteristics might be associated with depression severity in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-A Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Hope Research, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Susan Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Suk
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Hope Research, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Park M, Yoo H, Ahn S. Validation of the Korean version of the Perinatal Infant Care Social Support scale. KOREAN JOURNAL OF WOMEN HEALTH NURSING 2021; 27:307-317. [PMID: 36311451 PMCID: PMC9328642 DOI: 10.4069/kjwhn.2021.12.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Perinatal Infant Care Social Support (K-PICSS) for postpartum mothers. Methods This study used a cross-sectional design. The K-PICSS was developed through forward-backward translation. Online survey data were collected from 284 Korean mothers with infants 1-2 months of age. The 19-item K-PICSS consists of functional and structural domains. The functional domain of social support measures infant care practices of postpartum mothers. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and known-group comparison were used to verify the construct validity of the K-PICSS. Social support and postpartum depression were also measured to test criterion validity. Psychometric testing was not applicable to the structural social support domain. Results The average age of mothers was 32.76±3.34 years, and they had been married for 38.45±29.48 months. Construct validity was supported by the results of EFA, which confirmed a three-factor structure of the scale (informational support, supporting presence, and practical support). Significant correlations of the K-PICSS with social support (r=.71, p<.001) and depression (r=–.40, p<.001) were found. The K-PICSS showed reliable internal consistency, with Cronbach’s α values of .90 overall and .82–.83 in the three subscales. The vast majority of respondents reported that their husband or their parents were their main sources of support for infant care. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the K-PICSS has satisfactory construct validity and reliability to measure infant care social support in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sukhee Ahn
- Corresponding author: Sukhee Ahn College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea Tel: +82-42-580-8324 E-mail:
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International Students' Mental Health Care in China: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121634. [PMID: 34946359 PMCID: PMC8700832 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
International students in China are facing difficulties while adapting their Chinese culture, and their life is influenced by the widespread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and caring for their mental health is currently challenging. As a result, our aim is to explore the current mental health care of this minority in China and to provide useful suggestions for future research and institutes. We used the systematic review method, and it was conducted on 11 existing pieces of literature. Our results confirm the unsatisfying psychological situation of international students and the lack of research in this area. We focus on the causes and symptoms of mental problems and explore the effectiveness of methods.
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Xu C, Shi Y, Yu X, Chang R, Wang H, Chen H, Wang R, Liu Y, Liu S, Cai Y, Ni Y, Wang S. The syndemic condition of psychosocial problems related to depression among sexually transmitted infections patients. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12022. [PMID: 34616597 PMCID: PMC8462369 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) patients is much higher than general public. However, studies focusing on comprehensive psychosocial effects on depression among STIs patients are limited. This study aimed to examine association of multiple psychosocial syndemic conditions with depression among STIs patients in Shanghai, China. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 910 STIs patients from Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital. Participants self-reported their demographics and themselves completed the scales of depression, self-esteem, loneliness, social support, entrapment, defeat and interpersonal needs. Logistic regressions were performed to detect the possible contributing psychosocial factors for depression and to verify the syndemic conditions of psychosocial problems. RESULTS Of the STIs patient sample, the prevalence of depression was 17.9%. Multivariable analysis showed low-level self-esteem (odds ratio [ORm]: 2.18, 95% CI [1.19-4.00]) and social support (ORm: 2.18, 95% CI [1.37-3.46]), high-level entrapment (ORm: 6.31, 95% CI [3.75-10.62]) and defeat (ORm: 2.60, 95% CI [1.51-4.48]) increased the risk of depression. Psychosocial syndemic conditions magnified effect in fusing depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 11.94, 95% CI [7.70-18.53]). Participants with more than 4 psychosocial problems were about 22 times more likely to have depression (AOR: 22.12, 95% CI [13.19-37.09]). CONCLUSIONS The psychosocial problems syndemic magnifying the risk of depression was confirmed and psychosocial interventions to prevent depression is needed among STIs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijie Chang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huwen Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongxi Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangbin Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Ni
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Suping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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34
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Yasmin F, Dapke K, Khalid MR, Naz H, Naz F, Admani B, Asghar MS, Awan S, Phadke R, Saleem M. Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depressive Symptoms among Pakistani Population during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Regression Analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:915-923. [PMID: 34460417 PMCID: PMC8592168 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a span of 1 year, with millions infected, COVID-19 has spread to every part of the world and now poses a health threat to each and every one of us. The outbreak has consequently resulted in multiple health problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, panic, and denial globally. Several factors have contributed to this rising number of psychiatric consults all over the world. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Pakistani population during the second wave of the pandemic in this region. We conducted an online web-based cross-sectional survey comprising 500 participants. The questionnaire assessed the demographic information, attitude, and knowledge concerning COVID-19 outbreak in addition to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) utilizing the GAD-7 scale and depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D) scale. The response rate of the study was 90.9%. The results of the survey indicated a prevalence of 25.4% of GAD, and 18.8% of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, nearly 34.8% of participants feared contracting COVID-19, 62.8% obtained constant critical updates regarding COVID-19, while 17.6% did not understand the knowledge regarding COVID-19. In the multivariate regression models, GAD was significantly associated with gender, age, and checking constantly of critical updates regarding COVID-19. Similarly, participants under 30 years had a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than those above (> 30 years). Lastly, participants with no formal education were also found to be more prone to developing depression. We identified a potential threat to mental health during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Yasmin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kartik Dapke
- Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
| | - Muhammad Rahman Khalid
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hina Naz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farah Naz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Admani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Sana Awan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Psychology, Dow University Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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35
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Militi A, Sicari F, Portelli M, Merlo EM, Terranova A, Frisone F, Nucera R, Alibrandi A, Settineri S. Psychological and Social Effects of Oral Health and Dental Aesthetic in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: An Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179022. [PMID: 34501612 PMCID: PMC8430992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Is well known that oral health and dental aesthetic have significant effects on the sociality of human beings. The aim of the present study was to assess some aspects of oral health with possible repercussions in adolescent and youth, with particular reference to gender differences. Methods: A total of 190 subjects with female prevalence (F = 62.6%, M = 37%) and ages between 14 and 29 years old (Mean = 23.8; SD = 3.27) participated. Evaluation was carried using standardized instruments to assess quality of oral life (PIDAQ), negative impact of oral conditions (OHIP-14), and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale). Correlational and difference analyses and linear regressions were performed. Results: Significant gender differences were found in terms of gender, in reference to variables such as self-confidence and convictions. Positive correlations emerged between psychological impact and social impact, aesthetic concern and social impact, convictions and self-confidence, oral health with psycho-social impact, and aesthetic concern, self-esteem with oral health. Inverse correlations emerged between psycho-social impact and self-confidence, aesthetic concern and self-confidence, oral health, and self-confidence. Multivariate linear regression indicated relations between age and psychological impact, sex and self-confidence, crooked teeth and conviction. Conclusions: The impact of oral health on the psychological well-being of young people is relevant. These factors, if considered within clinical practice, can improve the quality of life of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Militi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Federica Sicari
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Educational and Cultural Studies (COSPECS), University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.S.); (E.M.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Marco Portelli
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-6905
| | - Emanuele Maria Merlo
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Educational and Cultural Studies (COSPECS), University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.S.); (E.M.M.); (F.F.)
- CRISCAT (International Research Center for Theoretical and Applied Cognitive Sciences), University of Messina and Universitary Consortium of Eastern Mediterranean, Noto (CUMO) University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Terranova
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Fabio Frisone
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Educational and Cultural Studies (COSPECS), University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.S.); (E.M.M.); (F.F.)
- CRISCAT (International Research Center for Theoretical and Applied Cognitive Sciences), University of Messina and Universitary Consortium of Eastern Mediterranean, Noto (CUMO) University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nucera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Settineri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (S.S.)
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36
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Choi KS, Kim S, Kim BH, Jeon HJ, Kim JH, Jang JH, Jeong B. Deep graph neural network-based prediction of acute suicidal ideation in young adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15828. [PMID: 34349156 PMCID: PMC8338980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise remote evaluation of both suicide risk and psychiatric disorders is critical for suicide prevention as well as for psychiatric well-being. Using questionnaires is an alternative to labor-intensive diagnostic interviews in a large general population, but previous models for predicting suicide attempts suffered from low sensitivity. We developed and validated a deep graph neural network model that increased the prediction sensitivity of suicide risk in young adults (n = 17,482 for training; n = 14,238 for testing) using multi-dimensional questionnaires and suicidal ideation within 2 weeks as the prediction target. The best model achieved a sensitivity of 76.3%, specificity of 83.4%, and an area under curve of 0.878 (95% confidence interval, 0.855-0.899). We demonstrated that multi-dimensional deep features covering depression, anxiety, resilience, self-esteem, and clinico-demographic information contribute to the prediction of suicidal ideation. Our model might be useful for the remote evaluation of suicide risk in the general population of young adults for specific situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sung Choi
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea ,grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Jeong
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea ,grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500KAIST Clinic Pappalardo Center, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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37
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Li Q, Guo L, Zhang S, Wang W, Li W, Chen X, Shi J, Lu C, McIntyre RS. The relationship between childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students: The multiple mediating effects of emotional and behavioral problems. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:129-135. [PMID: 33878646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the mediational effects of emotional and behavioral problems on the association between childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms among college students. METHODS Data were drawn from 60 universities from 10 provinces in China (n=30,374). Information about childhood maltreatment, depressive symptoms, emotional and behavioral problems were gathered through the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models and mediating models were used. RESULTS After controlling for demographic factors, childhood emotional abuse was the strongest risk factor for depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.54, 95%CI=2.27-2.85). The relationship between childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by emotional and behavioral problems with 68.7% total indirect effect. Among the 5 identified subtypes of emotional and behavioral problems, the mediating effects of emotional problems (57.3%) and hyperactivity (28.6%) were higher than peer problems (7.8%) and prosocial behavior (3.6%). Conduct problems did not show a significant mediating effect (p>0.05). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design is limited to make inferences about causality. CONCLUSIONS Childhood emotional abuse was strongly associated with depressive symptoms in college students. Of the five identified subtypes of emotional and behavioral problems, four subtypes mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms, including emotional problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingman Shi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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38
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Falter T, Böschen S, Schepers M, Beutel M, Lackner K, Scharrer I, Lämmle B. Influence of Personality, Resilience and Life Conditions on Depression and Anxiety in 104 Patients Having Survived Acute Autoimmune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020365. [PMID: 33477992 PMCID: PMC7835833 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a life-threatening, relapsing disease in which an acquired deficiency of the enzyme ADAMTS13 leads to generalised microvascular thrombosis. Survivors have a high prevalence of depression and impaired cognitive function. The aim of this study was to determine whether life circumstances and personality have an influence on the development and severity of depression and anxiety in iTTP patients and how they impact the quality of life. With validated questionnaires, we examined the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in 104 iTTP patients, as well as parameters of subjective cognitive deficits, quality of life, attitude to life and resilience. iTTP patients had significantly more depressive symptoms (p < 0.001), a tendency to have anxiety disorders (p = 0.035) and a significantly worse cognitive performance (p = 0.008) compared to the controls. Sex, age, physical activity and partnership status had no significant influence on depression, whereas the number of comorbidities did. Lower scores of resilience, attitude to life and quality of life were reported by patients compared to controls. iTTP patients had a high prevalence of depression and anxiety, as well as a more negative attitude to life and low resilience. Resilience correlated negatively with the severity of the depression. Furthermore, quality of life and cognitive performance were significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Falter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.B.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-3263
| | - Sibylle Böschen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Markus Schepers
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Manfred Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Karl Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Inge Scharrer
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (I.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Bernhard Lämmle
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (I.S.); (B.L.)
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Haemostasis Research Unit, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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