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Day RD, Baker KB, Peinado P, Semmens JM. Understanding baseline levels of physiological stress tolerance from excessive exercise in a holobenthic octopus species, Octopus pallidus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106402. [PMID: 38402778 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cephalopods receive a great deal of attention due to their socioeconomically important fisheries and aquaculture industries as well their unique biological features. However, basic information about their physiological responses under stress conditions is lacking. This study investigated the impact of a simple stressor, exercise to exhaustion, on the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and the concentrations of molecules involved in oxidative stress response in the pale octopus (Octopus pallidus). Eight biochemical assays were measured in the humoral (plasma) and cellular (hemocyte) components of O. pallidus haemolymph, the invertebrate analogue to vertebrate blood. Overall, exercise resulted in an increase in activity of plasma catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the decrease in activity of plasms glutathione reductase (GR). In the hemocytes, the exercise elicited a different response, with a reduction in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GR, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) concentration. Malondialdehyde (MDA) activity was similar in the plasma and haemocytes in control and exercised treatments, indicating that exercise did not induce lipid peroxidation. These results provide an important baseline for understanding oxidative stress in octopus, with exercise to exhaustion serving as a simple stressor which will ultimately inform our ability to detect and understand physiological responses to more complex stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Day
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Katherine B Baker
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia; Ecology and Biodiversity Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Patricia Peinado
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Jayson M Semmens
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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2
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Casagrande S, Loveland JL, Oefele M, Boner W, Lupi S, Stier A, Hau M. Dietary nucleotides can prevent glucocorticoid-induced telomere attrition in a fast-growing wild vertebrate. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5429-5447. [PMID: 37658759 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are chromosome protectors that shorten during eukaryotic cell replication and in stressful conditions. Developing individuals are susceptible to telomere erosion when their growth is fast and resources are limited. This is critical because the rate of telomere attrition in early life is linked to health and life span of adults. The metabolic telomere attrition hypothesis (MeTA) suggests that telomere dynamics can respond to biochemical signals conveying information about the organism's energetic state. Among these signals are glucocorticoids, hormones that promote catabolic processes, potentially impairing costly telomere maintenance, and nucleotides, which activate anabolic pathways through the cellular enzyme target of rapamycin (TOR), thus preventing telomere attrition. During the energetically demanding growth phase, the regulation of telomeres in response to two contrasting signals - one promoting telomere maintenance and the other attrition - provides an ideal experimental setting to test the MeTA. We studied nestlings of a rapidly developing free-living passerine, the great tit (Parus major), that either received glucocorticoids (Cort-chicks), nucleotides (Nuc-chicks) or a combination of both (NucCort-chicks), comparing these with controls (Cnt-chicks). As expected, Cort-chicks showed telomere attrition, while NucCort- and Nuc-chicks did not. NucCort-chicks was the only group showing increased expression of a proxy for TOR activation (the gene TELO2), of mitochondrial enzymes linked to ATP production (cytochrome oxidase and ATP-synthase) and a higher efficiency in aerobically producing ATP. NucCort-chicks had also a higher expression of telomere maintenance genes (shelterin protein TERF2 and telomerase TERT) and of enzymatic antioxidant genes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). The findings show that nucleotide availability is crucial for preventing telomere erosion during fast growth in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Casagrande
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Evolutionary Physiology Group, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Jasmine L Loveland
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Oefele
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Evolutionary Physiology Group, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Winnie Boner
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara Lupi
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antoine Stier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR7178, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Michaela Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Evolutionary Physiology Group, Seewiesen, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
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3
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Jacobs PJ, Hart DW, Merchant HN, Voigt C, Bennett NC. The Evolution and Ecology of Oxidative and Antioxidant Status: A Comparative Approach in African Mole-Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1486. [PMID: 37627481 PMCID: PMC10451868 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The naked mole-rat of the family Bathyergidae has been the showpiece for ageing research as they contradict the traditional understanding of the oxidative stress theory of ageing. Some other bathyergids also possess increased lifespans, but there has been a remarkable lack of comparison between species within the family Bathyergidae. This study set out to investigate how plasma oxidative markers (total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the oxidative stress index (OSI)) differ between five species and three subspecies of bathyergids, differing in their maximum lifespan potential (MLSP), resting metabolic rate, aridity index (AI), and sociality. We also investigated how oxidative markers may differ between captive and wild-caught mole-rats. Our results reveal that increased TOS, TAC, and OSI are associated with increased MLSP. This pattern is more prevalent in the social-living species than the solitary-living species. We also found that oxidative variables decreased with an increasing AI and that wild-caught individuals typically have higher antioxidants. We speculate that the correlation between higher oxidative markers and MLSP is due to the hypoxia-tolerance of the mole-rats investigated. Hormesis (the biphasic response to oxidative stress promoting protection) is a likely mechanism behind the increased oxidative markers observed and promotes longevity in some members of the Bathyergidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul. J. Jacobs
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Daniel W. Hart
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Hana N. Merchant
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK;
| | - Cornelia Voigt
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (C.V.); (N.C.B.)
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (C.V.); (N.C.B.)
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4
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Bundgaard A, Gruszczyk AV, Prag HA, Williams C, McIntyre A, Ruhr IM, James AM, Galli GLJ, Murphy MP, Fago A. Low production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species after anoxia and reoxygenation in turtle hearts. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245516. [PMID: 37066839 PMCID: PMC10184768 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Extremely anoxia-tolerant animals, such as freshwater turtles, survive anoxia and reoxygenation without sustaining tissue damage to their hearts. In contrast, for mammals, the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury that leads to tissue damage during a heart attack is initiated by a burst of superoxide (O2·-) production from the mitochondrial respiratory chain upon reperfusion of ischemic tissue. Whether turtles avoid oxidative tissue damage because of an absence of mitochondrial superoxide production upon reoxygenation, or because the turtle heart is particularly protected against this damage, is unclear. Here, we investigated whether there was an increase in mitochondrial O2·- production upon the reoxygenation of anoxic red-eared slider turtle hearts in vivo and in vitro. This was done by measuring the production of H2O2, the dismutation product of O2·-, using the mitochondria-targeted mass-spectrometric probe in vivo MitoB, while in parallel assessing changes in the metabolites driving mitochondrial O2·- production, succinate, ATP and ADP levels during anoxia, and H2O2 consumption and production rates of isolated heart mitochondria. We found that there was no excess production of in vivo H2O2 during 1 h of reoxygenation in turtles after 3 h anoxia at room temperature, suggesting that turtle hearts most likely do not suffer oxidative injury after anoxia because their mitochondria produce no excess O2·- upon reoxygenation. Instead, our data support the conclusion that both the low levels of succinate accumulation and the maintenance of ADP levels in the anoxic turtle heart are key factors in preventing the surge of O2·- production upon reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bundgaard
- CECAD, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja V. Gruszczyk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hiran A. Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Angela McIntyre
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ilan M. Ruhr
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew M. James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gina L. J. Galli
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Fago
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Metcalfe NB, Olsson M. How telomere dynamics are influenced by the balance between mitochondrial efficiency, reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6040-6052. [PMID: 34435398 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that oxidative stress is a major cause of DNA damage and telomere attrition. Most endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the mitochondria, producing a link between mitochondrial function, DNA integrity and telomere dynamics. In this review we will describe how ROS production, rates of damage to telomeric DNA and DNA repair are dynamic processes. The rate of ROS production depends on mitochondrial features such as the level of inner membrane uncoupling and the proportion of time that ATP is actively being produced. However, the efficiency of ATP production (the ATP/O ratio) is positively related to the rate of ROS production, so leading to a trade-off between the body's energy requirements and its need to prevent oxidative stress. Telomeric DNA is especially vulnerable to oxidative damage due to features such as its high guanine content; while repair to damaged telomere regions is possible through a range of mechanisms, these can result in more rapid telomere shortening. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial efficiency varies over time and with environmental context, as do rates of DNA repair. We argue that telomere dynamics can only be understood by appreciating that the optimal solution to the trade-off between energetic efficiency and telomere protection will differ between individuals and will change over time, depending on resource availability, energetic demands and life history strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mats Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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6
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Xu T, Li X, Storey KB, Chen Q, Niu Y. Effects of acute heat exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in overwintering frogs, Nanorana parkeri. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Milbergue MS, Vézina F, Desrosiers V, Blier PU. How does mitochondrial function relate to thermogenic capacity and basal metabolic rate in small birds? J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275832. [PMID: 35762381 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of mitochondrial function in the avian thermoregulatory response to a cold environment. Using black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) acclimated to cold (-10°C) and thermoneutral (27°C) temperatures, we expected to observe an upregulation of pectoralis muscle and liver respiratory capacity that would be visible in mitochondrial adjustments in cold-acclimated birds. We also predicted that these adjustments would correlate with thermogenic capacity (Msum) and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Using tissue high-resolution respirometry, mitochondrial performance was measured as respiration rate triggered by proton leak and the activity of complex I (OXPHOSCI) and complex I+II (OXPHOSCI+CII) in the liver and pectoralis muscle. The activity of citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) was also used as a marker of mitochondrial density. We found 20% higher total CS activity in the whole pectoralis muscle and 39% higher total CCO activity in the whole liver of cold-acclimated chickadees relative to that of birds kept at thermoneutrality. This indicates that cold acclimation increased overall aerobic capacity of these tissues. Msum correlated positively with mitochondrial proton leak in the muscle of cold-acclimated birds while BMR correlated with OXPHOSCI in the liver with a pattern that differed between treatments. Consequently, this study revealed a divergence in mitochondrial metabolism between thermal acclimation states in birds. Some functions of the mitochondria covary with thermogenic capacity and basal maintenance costs in patterns that are dependent on temperature and body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam S Milbergue
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5L 3A1.,Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordique BORÉAS
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5L 3A1.,Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordique BORÉAS.,Centre d'Études Nordiques
| | | | - Pierre U Blier
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5L 3A1.,Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordique BORÉAS.,Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Canada
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8
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Durand D, Collin A, Merlot E, Baéza E, Guilloteau LA, Le Floc'h N, Thomas A, Fontagné-Dicharry S, Gondret F. Review: Implication of redox imbalance in animal health and performance at critical periods, insights from different farm species. Animal 2022; 16:100543. [PMID: 35623200 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of oxidative stress occurs all over the production chain of animals and food products. This review summarises insights obtained in different farm species (pigs, ruminants, poultry, and fishes) to underpin the most critical periods for the venue of oxidative stress, namely birth/hatching and weaning/start-feeding phase. Common responses between species are also unravelled in periods of high physiological demands when animals are facing dietary deficiencies in specific nutrients, suggesting that nutritional recommendations must consider the modulation of responses to oxidative stress for optimising production performance and quality of food products. These conditions concern challenges such as heat stress, social stress, and inflammation. The magnitude of the responses is partly dependent on the prior experience of the animals before the challenge, reinforcing the importance of nutrition and other management practices during early periods to promote the development of antioxidant reserves in the animal. When these practices also improved the performance and health of the animal, this further confirms the central role played by oxidative stress in physiologically and environmentally induced perturbations. Difficulties in interpreting responses to oxidative stress arise from the fact that the indicators are only partly shared between studies, and their modulations may also be challenge-specific. A consensus about the best indicators to assess pro-oxidative and antioxidant pathways is of huge demand to propose a synthetic index measurable in a non-invasive way and interpretable along the productive life of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Durand
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - A Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - E Merlot
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - E Baéza
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - N Le Floc'h
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - A Thomas
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Fontagné-Dicharry
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - F Gondret
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
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9
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Oxidative damages and antioxidant defences after feeding a single meal in rainbow trout. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:459-471. [PMID: 35384470 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Feeding and digestion are metabolically demanding causing a rise on metabolic rate called Specific Dynamic Action (SDA). Although SDA has been vastly reported in fish, its potential consequences on the oxidative-antioxidant balance has not been evaluated to date in fish, a model with a long alkaline tide associated with feeding as well. Using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model species, the aims of the present study were to: (1) assess potential oxidative damages and changes in oxidative defences after feeding on a single meal, and (2) identify the timescale of such changes over a 96 h post-feeding period. Oxidative damage in proteins and lipids and the activities of four enzymatic antioxidant defences: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were measured in gill, stomach, intestine and liver. DNA damage was measured in red blood cells. Fish were sampled before and after 1.5, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of ingestion of a 3% body mass ration. Trends of post-prandial damage were present in all tissues, but only protein oxidation varied significatively during digestion in the stomach. The intestine and stomach presented the highest enzymatic activities, likely due to the high metabolic action that these tissues have during digestion, with peaks during post-feeding: at 24 h of SOD in stomach and at 48 h of CAT in intestine. Observed GPx peaks during post-feeding in gills are likely due to the exacerbated demands for ion fluxes and/or oxygen during feeding. The differential response of the antioxidant system observed in tissues of rainbow trout during digestion indicates a coordinated and tissue-specific antioxidant defence.
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10
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Okoye CN, Chinnappareddy N, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Factors affecting liver mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide emission. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 259:110713. [PMID: 35026417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key cellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contain at least 12 known sites on multiple enzymes that convert molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Quantitation of site-specific ROS emission is critical to understand the relative contribution of different sites and the pathophysiologic importance of mitochondrial ROS. However, factors that affect mitochondrial ROS emission are not well understood. We characterized and optimized conditions for maximal total and site-specific H2O2 emission during oxidation of standard substrates and probed the source of the high H2O2 emission in unenergized rainbow trout liver mitochondria. We found that mitochondrial H2O2 emission capacity depended on the substrate being oxidized, mitochondrial protein concentration, and composition of the ROS detection system. Contrary to our expectation, addition of exogenous superoxide dismutase reduced H2O2 emission. Titration of conventional mitochondrial electron transfer system (ETS) inhibitors over a range of conditions revealed that one size does not fit all; inhibitor concentrations evoking maximal responses varied with substrate and were moderated by the presence of other inhibitors. Moreover, the efficacy of suppressors of electron leak (S1QEL1.1 and S3QEL2) was low and depended on the substrate being oxidized. We found that H2O2 emission in unenergized rainbow trout liver mitochondria was suppressed by GKT136901 suggesting that it is associated with NADPH oxidase activity. We conclude that optimization of assay conditions is critical for quantitation of maximal H2O2 emission and would facilitate more valid comparisons of mitochondrial total and site-specific H2O2 emission capacities between studies, tissues, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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11
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Ring K, Couper LI, Sapiro AL, Yarza F, Yang XF, Clay K, Mateusiak C, Chou S, Swei A. Host blood meal identity modifies vector gene expression and competency. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2698-2711. [PMID: 35231145 PMCID: PMC9314864 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A vector's susceptibility and ability to transmit a pathogen—termed vector competency—determines disease outcomes, yet the ecological factors influencing tick vector competency remain largely unknown. Ixodes pacificus, the tick vector of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) in the western U.S., feeds on rodents, birds, and lizards. Rodents and birds are reservoirs for Bb and infect juvenile ticks, while lizards are refractory to Bb and cannot infect feeding ticks. Additionally, the lizard bloodmeal contains borreliacidal properties, clearing previously infected feeding ticks of their Bb infection. Despite I. pacificus feeding on a range of hosts, it is undetermined how the host identity of the larval bloodmeal affects future nymphal vector competency. We experimentally evaluate the influence of larval host bloodmeal on Bb acquisition by nymphal I. pacificus. Larval I. pacificus were fed on either lizards or mice and after molting, nymphs were fed on Bb‐infected mice. We found that lizard‐fed larvae were significantly more likely to become infected with Bb during their next bloodmeal than mouse‐fed larvae. We also conducted the first RNA‐seq analysis on whole‐bodied I. pacificus and found significant upregulation of tick antioxidants and antimicrobial peptides in the lizard‐fed group. Our results indicate that the lizard bloodmeal significantly alters vector competency and gene regulation in ticks, highlighting the importance of host bloodmeal identity in vector‐borne disease transmission and upends prior notions about the role of lizards in Lyme disease community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie Ring
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106
| | - Lisa I Couper
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 327 Campus Drive, Stanford, 94305
| | - Anne L Sapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, 94158
| | - Fauna Yarza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, 94158
| | - X Frank Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635, Barnhill Drive, MS409J, 46202
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, 6823 Charles Avenue, New Orleans, 70118
| | - Chase Mateusiak
- Center for Genome Science and Systems Biology, 4515 McKinley Ave, St. Louis, 63110
| | - Seemay Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, 94158.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, 94158
| | - Andrea Swei
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, 94132
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12
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Covas R, Lardy S, Silva LR, Rey B, Ferreira AC, Theron F, Tognetti A, Faivre B, Doutrelant C. The oxidative cost of helping and its minimization in a cooperative breeder. Behav Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cooperative actions are beneficial to the group, but presumably costly to the individual co-operators. In cooperatively breeding species, helping to raise young is thought to involve important energetic costs, which could lead to elevated exposure to reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress. However, identifying such costs can be difficult if individuals adjust their investment in helping in relation to environmental conditions or their own physiological condition. Experimental approaches are therefore required to quantify the costs of helping but, to date, these have been infrequent. Here, we combined correlational and experimental data to investigate the oxidative cost of helping-at-the-nest and how this affects helping decisions in wild sociable weavers Philetairus socius, a colonial cooperatively breeding bird. At the correlational level, we found that the probability of helping was influenced by the interaction of an individual’s oxidative state and age: compared to younger birds, older individuals were more likely to help when they had higher oxidative damage, and the opposite trend was found for younger individuals. After experimentally increasing the energetic cost of flight, manipulated helpers in breeding colonies decreased nestling feeding rates and incurred an increase in oxidative damage, which was not present in manipulated helpers in non-breeding colonies. This indicates that individuals decreased their helping behavior to minimize the associated costs. These results suggest that oxidative stress can influence helping decisions and underlie a trade-off between cooperation and self-maintenance, which is central to understanding when helping might take place in this and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Covas
- CIBIO-InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sophie Lardy
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Biogéosciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Liliana R Silva
- CIBIO-InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, F-69000 Villeurbanne, France
| | - André C Ferreira
- CIBIO-InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul-Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Theron
- CIBIO-InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul-Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Tognetti
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, 1, esplanade de l’Université, 31080 Toulouse Cedex 06, France
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruno Faivre
- Biogéosciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claire Doutrelant
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul-Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
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13
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Biro PA, Thomas F, Ujvari B, Beckmann C. A novel perspective suggesting high sustained energy expenditure may be net protective against cancer. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:170-176. [PMID: 35498120 PMCID: PMC9040660 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Energy expenditure (EE) is generally viewed as tumorigenic, due to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cells and DNA. On this basis, individuals within a species that sustain high EE should be more likely to develop cancer. Here, we argue the opposite, that high EE may be net protective effect against cancer, despite high ROS production. This is possible because individuals that sustain high EE have a greater energetic capacity (=greater energy acquisition, expenditure and ability to up-regulate output), and can therefore allocate energy to multiple cancer-fighting mechanisms with minimal energetic trade-offs. Our review finds that individuals sustaining high EE have greater antioxidant production, lower oxidative stress, greater immune function and lower cancer incidence. Our hypothesis and literature review suggest that EE may indeed be net protective against cancer, and that individual variation in energetic capacity may be a key mechanism to understand the highly individual nature of cancer risk in contemporary human populations and laboratory animals.
Lay summary The process of expending energy generates reactive oxygen species that can lead to oxidative stress, cell and DNA damage, and the accumulation of this damage is thought to be a major contributor to many ageing related diseases that include cancer. Here, we challenge this view, proposing how and why high energy expenditure (EE) may actually be net protective against cancer, and provide literature support for our hypothesis. We find individuals with high sustained EE have greater energetic capacity and thus can invest more in repair to counter oxidative stress, and more in immune function, both of which reduce cancer risk. Our hypothesis provides a novel mechanism to understand the highly individual nature of cancer, why taller individuals are more at risk, why physically active individuals have lower cancer risk, and why regular exercise can reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
- Corresponding author. Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia. Tel: +61 434 8569 921; E-mail:
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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14
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Navarrete L, Bozinovic F, Peña-Villalobos I, Contreras-Ramos C, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Newsome SD, Nespolo RF, Sabat P. Integrative Physiological Responses to Acute Dehydration in the Rufous-Collared Sparrow: Metabolic, Enzymatic, and Oxidative Traits. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.767280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictions indicate that birds worldwide will be affected by global warming and extreme climatic events which is especially relevant for passerines because the diurnal habits, small body size, and high mass-adjusted metabolic rates of this group make it particularly susceptible to increases in temperature and aridity. Some bird species respond to conditions that stress osmoregulation by increasing their rates of energy expenditure, nevertheless, the effect of dehydration on metabolic rates in birds has produced contrasting results. It also remains unknown whether hydration state may cause shifts in tissue-specific metabolic rates or modify tissue oxidative status. We used the rufous-collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis), to experimentally test the effect of dehydration on metabolic enzymes in erythrocytes, tissue oxidative status, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and total evaporative water loss. We found a significant increase in mass-adjusted BMR in water restricted (WR) birds compared to control birds (CT). Activity of cytochrome-c-oxidase (COX) in red blood cells (RBCs) was also significantly higher in the WR group relative to the CT group and this activity was positively correlated with mass-adjusted BMR. We found a moderate effect of water restriction on membrane damage of skeletal muscle. In a second set of individuals subjected to the same experimental conditions, lean mass and total water were tightly correlated and decreased by 10 and 12%, respectively, in birds in the WR group relative to the CT group. Decreases in total water and lean mass leads to an increase in mass-adjusted BMR in WR Z. capensis, suggesting that birds may simultaneously increase protein catabolism and production of metabolic water through oxidation. The significant positive relationship between BMR and COX in RBCs is a finding that requires additional research to determine whether erythrocyte metabolism is affected by dehydration per se and or it more generally reflects rates of energy expenditure in birds.
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15
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Colominas-Ciuró R, Cianchetti-Benedetti M, Michel L, Dell'Omo G, Quillfeldt P. Foraging strategies and physiological status of a marine top predator differ during breeding stages. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 263:111094. [PMID: 34653609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Habitat characteristics determine the presence and distribution of trophic resources shaping seabirds' behavioural responses which may result in physiological consequences. Such physiological consequences in relation to foraging strategies of different life-history stages have been little studied in the wild. Thus, we aim to assess differences in oxidative status, condition (fat stores, i.e. triglyceride levels, TRI), stress (Heterophil/Lymphocyte (H/L) ratio), and leukocyte profiles between incubation and chick rearing highlighting the role of foraging strategies in a seabird (Calonectris diomedea). Chick rearing was more energetically demanding and stressful than incubation as demonstrated by high stress levels (H/L ratio and leukocytes) and lower body stores (assessed by TRI and the increment of weight) due to the high energy requirements of rearing chicks. Also, our results make reconsider the simplistic trade-off model where reproduction increases metabolism and consequently the rate of oxidative stress. In fact, high energy expenditure (VeDBA) during chick rearing was correlated with low levels of oxidative damage likely due to mechanisms at the level of mitochondrial inner membranes (uncoupling proteins or low levels of oxygen partial pressure). Further (more distant) and longer (more days) foraging trips were performed during incubation, when antioxidants showed low levels compared to chick rearing due to incubation fasting, a change in diet, or a combination of these factors; but unlikely because of oxidative shielding since no relation was found between oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity. Males showed higher numbers of monocytes which were positively correlated with antioxidant capacity compared to females, suggesting sexual differences in immune profiles. Species-specific costs and energetic demands of different breeding phases trigger behavioural and physiological adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Colominas-Ciuró
- Dept. Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Dept. Ecology, Physiology & Ethology. CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178, 67087 Strasbourg, France..
| | - M Cianchetti-Benedetti
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; Ornis Italica, 00199 Rome, Italy
| | - L Michel
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - P Quillfeldt
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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16
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Ritchie DJ, Friesen CR. Invited review: Thermal effects on oxidative stress in vertebrate ectotherms. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 263:111082. [PMID: 34571153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced climate change is occurring rapidly. Ectothermic organisms are particularly vulnerable to these temperature changes due to their reliance on environmental temperature. The extent of ectothermic thermal adaptation and plasticity in the literature is well documented; however, the role of oxidative stress in these processes needs more attention. Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species, generated mainly through aerobic respiration, overwhelm antioxidant defences and damage crucial biomolecules. The effects of oxidative damage include the alteration of life-history traits and reductions in whole-organism fitness. Here we review the literature addressing experimental temperature effects on oxidative stress in vertebrate ectotherms. Acute and acclimation temperature treatments produce distinctly different results and highlight the role of phylogeny and thermal adaptation in shaping oxidative stress responses. Acute treatments on organisms adapted to stable environments generally produced significant oxidative stress responses, whilst organisms adapted to variable conditions exhibited capacity to cope with temperature changes and mitigate oxidative stress. In acclimation treatments, the temperature treatments higher than optimal temperatures tended to produce significantly less oxidative stress than lower temperatures in reptiles, whilst in some eurythermal fish species, no oxidative stress response was observed. These results highlight the importance of phylogeny and adaptation to past environmental conditions for temperature-dependent oxidative stress responses. We conclude with recommendations on experimental procedures to investigate these phenomena with reference to thermal plasticity, adaptation and biogeographic variation that provide the most significant benefits to adaptable populations. These results have potential conservation ramifications as they may shed light on the physiological effects of temperature alterations in some vertebrate ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Ritchie
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, The University of Wollongong, 2522 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher R Friesen
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, The University of Wollongong, 2522 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Bldg A08, Science Road, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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17
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Vitamin A cycle byproducts impede dark adaptation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101074. [PMID: 34391781 PMCID: PMC8427233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired dark adaptation (DA), a defect in the ability to adjust to dimly lit settings, is a universal hallmark of aging. However, the mechanisms responsible for impaired DA are poorly understood. Vitamin A byproducts, such as vitamin A dimers, are small molecules that form in the retina during the vitamin A cycle. We show that later in life, in the human eye, these byproducts reach levels commensurate with those of vitamin A. In mice, selectively inhibiting the formation of these byproducts, with the investigational drug C20D3-vitamin A, results in faster DA. In contrast, acutely increasing these ocular byproducts through exogenous delivery leads to slower DA, with otherwise preserved retinal function and morphology. Our findings reveal that vitamin A cycle byproducts alone are sufficient to cause delays in DA and suggest that they may contribute to universal age-related DA impairment. Our data further indicate that the age-related decline in DA may be tractable to pharmacological intervention by C20D3-vitamin A.
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18
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Hoffman JM, Valencak TG. Sex differences and aging: Is there a role of brown adipose tissue? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111310. [PMID: 33989715 PMCID: PMC8195864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In every population across the world, women live significantly longer than men; however, the underlying physiological processes that drive these sex differences in age-specific mortality are largely unknown. Recently, the role of adipose tissue in aging and longevity has been a focus of biomedical research in both humans and rodent models. Specifically, brown adipose tissue, a thermoregulatory tissue originally thought to not exist past infancy in humans, has been shown to potentially play a role in health throughout the lifespan. Females have larger adult brown adipose depots that are not just larger in size but also more efficient in non-shivering thermogenesis. This improved functioning of the brown adipose tissue may potentially lead to improved female health, and we hypothesize that this advantage may be of even bigger significance in the older population. Here, we briefly review what is known about sex differences in aging and how sex differences in brown adipose tissue may be contributing to the female lifespan advantage. These questions have usually been addressed in large experimental studies in rodents as a translational model of human aging. Overall, we propose that a better understanding of the thermogenesis-metabolism nexus is necessary in biomedical research, and sex differences in these factors may contribute to the female longevity bias seen in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., CH464, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Teresa G Valencak
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China.
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19
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Rutschmann A, Dupoué A, Miles DB, Megía-Palma R, Lauden C, Richard M, Badiane A, Rozen-Rechels D, Brevet M, Blaimont P, Meylan S, Clobert J, Le Galliard JF. Intense nocturnal warming alters growth strategies, colouration and parasite load in a diurnal lizard. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1864-1877. [PMID: 33884616 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, nocturnal temperatures have been playing a disproportionate role in the global warming of the planet. Yet, they remain a neglected factor in studies assessing the impact of global warming on natural populations. Here, we question whether an intense augmentation of nocturnal temperatures is beneficial or deleterious to ectotherms. Physiological performance is influenced by thermal conditions in ectotherms and an increase in temperature by only 2°C is sufficient to induce a disproportionate increase in metabolic expenditure. Warmer nights may expand ectotherms' species thermal niche and open new opportunities for prolonged activities and improve foraging efficiency. However, increased activity may also have deleterious effects on energy balance if exposure to warmer nights reduces resting periods and elevates resting metabolic rate. We assessed whether warmer nights affected an individual's growth, dorsal skin colouration, thermoregulation behaviour, oxidative stress status and parasite load by exposing yearling common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) from four populations to either ambient or high nocturnal temperatures for approximately 5 weeks. Warmer nocturnal temperatures increased the prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation and altered allocation of resources towards structural growth rather than storage. We found no change in markers for oxidative stress. The thermal treatment did not influence thermal preferences, but influenced dorsal skin brightness and luminance, in line with a predicted acclimation response in colder environments to enhance heat gain from solar radiation. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of considering nocturnal warming as an independent factor affecting ectotherms' life history in the context of global climate change. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Rutschmann
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andréaz Dupoué
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Donald B Miles
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Rodrigo Megía-Palma
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Clémence Lauden
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | - Murielle Richard
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | - Arnaud Badiane
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Rozen-Rechels
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Mathieu Brevet
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | | | - Sandrine Meylan
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean Clobert
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche en Écologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France), Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
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20
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Marasco V, Sebastiano M, Costantini D, Pola G, Fusani L. Controlled expression of the migratory phenotype affects oxidative status in birds. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb233486. [PMID: 33536304 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.233486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High caloric intake can increase production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We examined whether the emergence of the migratory phenotype, primarily signalled by increased food intake and fuelling, is accompanied by changes in oxidative status. We induced autumn migration followed by a non-migratory wintering phase in common quails (Coturnix coturnix). We compared three markers of oxidative status - oxidative damage to lipids expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); superoxide dismutase (SOD); and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) - between birds sampled during the migratory and non-migratory phase. We found that the emergence of the migratory phenotype was associated with: (i) higher levels of TBARS in the liver; (ii) lower levels of SOD in red blood cells and, marginally, in the liver; (iii) higher levels of GPx in the pectoral muscle; and (iv) sex-specific changes in red blood cells and liver. We found no link between food intake and variation in markers of oxidative status in any of the tissues examined, despite food intake being higher in the migratory birds. However, the increase in body mass was positively correlated with muscle GPx activity as birds entered the pre-migratory fattening phase, while the amount of decrease in body mass was negatively correlated with muscle GPx as birds transitioned to the non-migratory phase. Such correlations were absent in red blood cells and liver. Our work suggests that during the emergence of the migratory phenotype, birds might strategically displace oxidative costs on the liver in order to safeguard the pectoral muscles, which have a fundamental role in successfully completing the migratory flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marasco
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manrico Sebastiano
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ, La Rochelle, France
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP32, 57 rue Cuvier 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gianni Pola
- Istituto Sperimentale Zootecnico per la Sicilia, via Roccazzo 85, 90135, Palermo, Italia
| | - Leonida Fusani
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Montoya B, Gil D, Valverde M, Rojas E, Pérez-Rodríguez L. DNA Integrity Estimated via the Comet Assay Reflects Oxidative Stress and Competitive Disadvantage in Developing Birds. Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 93:384-395. [PMID: 32780628 DOI: 10.1086/710703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIncreases in DNA degradation have been detected in numerous situations in which organisms are exposed to pollutants. However, outside of the ecotoxicological literature, few studies have investigated whether there exists important variation in DNA integrity in free-living, healthy animals. Using the alkaline version of the comet assay to estimate DNA integrity in blood samples, we aimed to evaluate whether DNA integrity during early life is associated with nestlings' age, body mass, within-brood status, and oxidative stress using nestlings from a wild population of spotless starlings (Sturnus unicolor) as a model. We found important levels of variation in DNA integrity, suggesting the possibility that DNA integrity may have implications for offspring fitness. DNA integrity was dependent on the developmental stage, being lower at hatching than at the end of the nestling period. DNA integrity was also negatively related to the levels of oxidative damage at hatching and positively associated with wing length at fledging. In addition, position within the size hierarchy of the brood at fledging explained differences in DNA integrity, with higher levels in core than in marginal nestlings. Finally, despite extensive within-individual variation along nestling's age, we found DNA integrity during early life to be moderately repeatable within broods. Hence, DNA integrity in early life appears to be mainly affected by environmental factors, such as natural stressors. Our results suggest that measuring the variation in DNA integrity may be a fruitful approach for the assessment of individual fitness in natural populations and can be applied to studies in developmental biology and ecology.
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22
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Mentesana L, Adreani NM. Acute aggressive behavior perturbates the oxidative status of a wild bird independently of testosterone and progesterone. Horm Behav 2021; 128:104913. [PMID: 33316269 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aerobically demanding activities like aggression can lead to an elevated oxidative metabolism affecting the concentration of pro-oxidant and antioxidant compounds and can result in an overall perturbation of the oxidative status. Aggression may also alter the oxidative status indirectly through an increase in testosterone and progesterone concentrations. Given that changes in the oxidative status could represent a physiological cost of aggression, we tested the hypothesis that acute conspecific aggression impairs the oxidative status and evaluated the role of testosterone and progesterone as potential mediators. To achieve this, we experimentally manipulated the aggressive behavior of wild female and male birds and measured the concentrations of pro-oxidants, enzymatic- and non-enzymatic antioxidants, testosterone and progesterone in blood. After 20 min of conspecific aggressive behavior, both sexes had lower concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants than control individuals. This effect was independent of testosterone and progesterone concentrations, and much stronger in females than in males. Further, only in females (but not in males) being more aggressive came at the expense of lower antioxidant concentration. We provide the first experimental evidence that acute aggressive behavior perturbates the oxidative state of a wild vertebrate independently of testosterone and progesterone, with potential ecological and evolutionary implications given the role of the redox system in shaping life-history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mentesana
- Evolutionary Physiology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.
| | - Nicolas M Adreani
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany; Konrad Lorenz Research Centre for Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Grünau im Almtal, Austria
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23
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Koch RE, Buchanan KL, Casagrande S, Crino O, Dowling DK, Hill GE, Hood WR, McKenzie M, Mariette MM, Noble DWA, Pavlova A, Seebacher F, Sunnucks P, Udino E, White CR, Salin K, Stier A. Integrating Mitochondrial Aerobic Metabolism into Ecology and Evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:321-332. [PMID: 33436278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biologists have long appreciated the critical role that energy turnover plays in understanding variation in performance and fitness among individuals. Whole-organism metabolic studies have provided key insights into fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes. However, constraints operating at subcellular levels, such as those operating within the mitochondria, can also play important roles in optimizing metabolism over different energetic demands and time scales. Herein, we explore how mitochondrial aerobic metabolism influences different aspects of organismal performance, such as through changing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We consider how such insights have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning key ecological and evolutionary processes, from variation in life-history traits to adaptation to changing thermal conditions, and we highlight key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Koch
- Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Katherine L Buchanan
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3228, Australia
| | - Stefania Casagrande
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Evolutionary Physiology Group, Seewiesen, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. Haus 5, 82319, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Ondi Crino
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3228, Australia
| | - Damian K Dowling
- Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Geoffrey E Hill
- Auburn University, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Auburn University, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3228, Australia
| | - Mylene M Mariette
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3228, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- The Australian National University, Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Alexandra Pavlova
- Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Sunnucks
- Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Eve Udino
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3228, Australia
| | - Craig R White
- Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Karine Salin
- Université de Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Antoine Stier
- University of Turku, Department of Biology, Turku, Finland; University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, UK
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Brown J, Whiteley NM, Bailey AM, Graham H, Hop H, Rastrick SPS. Contrasting responses to salinity and future ocean acidification in arctic populations of the amphipod Gammarus setosus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105176. [PMID: 33096461 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is leading to alterations in salinity and carbonate chemistry in arctic/sub-arctic marine ecosystems. We examined three nominal populations of the circumpolar arctic/subarctic amphipod, Gammarus setosus, along a salinity gradient in the Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden area of Svalbard. Field and laboratory experiments assessed physiological (haemolymph osmolality and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, NKA) and energetic responses (metabolic rates, MO2, and Cellular Energy Allocation, CEA). In the field, all populations had similar osmregulatory capacities and MO2, but lower-salinity populations had lower CEA. Reduced salinity (S = 23) and elevated pCO2 (~1000 μatm) in the laboratory for one month increased gill NKA activities and reduced CEA in all populations, but increased MO2 in the higher-salinity population. Elevated pCO2 did not interact with salinity and had no effect on NKA activities or CEA, but reduced MO2 in all populations. Reduced CEA in lower-rather than higher-salinity populations may have longer term effects on other energy demanding processes (growth and reproduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Thomas Building, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK.
| | - Nia M Whiteley
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd. LL57 2UW, UK
| | | | - Helen Graham
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Haakon Hop
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
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Abstract
Temperature is a critical abiotic factor shaping the distribution and abundance of species, but the mechanisms that underpin organismal thermal limits remain poorly understood. One possible mechanism underlying these limits is the failure of mitochondrial processes, as mitochondria play a crucial role in animals as the primary site of ATP production. Conventional measures of mitochondrial performance suggest that these organelles can function at temperatures much higher than those that limit whole-organism function, suggesting that they are unlikely to set organismal thermal limits. However, this conclusion is challenged by recent data connecting sequence variation in mitochondrial genes to whole-organism thermal tolerance. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of mitochondrial responses to thermal extremes and ask whether they are consistent with a role for mitochondrial function in shaping whole-organism thermal limits. The available data are fragmentary, but it is possible to draw some conclusions. There is little evidence that failure of maximal mitochondrial oxidative capacity as assessed in vitro sets thermal limits, but there is some evidence to suggest that temperature effects on ATP synthetic capacity may be important. Several studies suggest that loss of mitochondrial coupling is associated with the thermal limits for organismal growth, although this needs to be rigorously tested. Most studies have utilized isolated mitochondrial preparations to assess the effects of temperature on these organelles, and there remain many untapped opportunities to address these questions using preparations that retain more of their biological context to better connect these subcellular processes with whole-organism thermal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J Chung
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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26
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Sikora A, Zielonka J, Dębowska K, Michalski R, Smulik-Izydorczyk R, Pięta J, Podsiadły R, Artelska A, Pierzchała K, Kalyanaraman B. Boronate-Based Probes for Biological Oxidants: A Novel Class of Molecular Tools for Redox Biology. Front Chem 2020; 8:580899. [PMID: 33102447 PMCID: PMC7545953 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.580899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Boronate-based molecular probes are emerging as one of the most effective tools for detection and quantitation of peroxynitrite and hydroperoxides. This review discusses the chemical reactivity of boronate compounds in the context of their use for detection of biological oxidants, and presents examples of the practical use of those probes in selected chemical, enzymatic, and biological systems. The particular reactivity of boronates toward nucleophilic oxidants makes them a distinct class of probes for redox biology studies. We focus on the recent progress in the design and application of boronate-based probes in redox studies and perspectives for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sikora
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Karolina Dębowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Smulik-Izydorczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Pięta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzchała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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27
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Montoya B, Ancona S, Beamonte-Barrientos R, Martínez-Gómez M. Does Vitamin E Supplementation Enhance Growth Benefits of Breeding Helpers at No Oxidative Costs? Physiol Biochem Zool 2020; 93:37-48. [PMID: 31718435 DOI: 10.1086/706464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During early postnatal development, biomolecules are particularly exposed to the detrimental actions of unneutralized reactive oxygen species. These prooxidant molecules have been claimed to mediate the trade-off between growth and somatic maintenance. Vitamin E is a key exogenous antioxidant that plays an important role in protecting biological membranes against oxidative damage. However, evidence of the effect of vitamin E supplementation during early life on growth and oxidative status in wild populations is equivocal. We tested the effect of supplementing western bluebird nestlings (Sialia mexicana) with vitamin E on growth rate, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage to lipids. During the period of accelerated growth (5-8 d), bill growth rate was 21% higher in supplemented nestlings from nests with breeding helpers than in supplemented nestlings from unassisted nests. Vitamin E also boosted tarsus growth rate during the period of slow growth (11-18 d), and this effect was independent of the presence of breeding helpers. Differences in body size and mass, oxidative damage to lipids, and antioxidant capacity were not evident between supplemented and control nestlings at 18 d. Therefore, we conclude that vitamin E promoted faster bill and tarsus growth, but this transient effect disappeared as soon as the supplementation ceased. Our experimental study also supports the idea that tocopherols are rapidly metabolized, since we failed to detect any evident increase of vitamin E in supplemented nestlings at age 18 d. These results provide partial support for the hypothesis that growth rate is constrained by its costs in terms of increased susceptibility to oxidative stress.
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Seo AY, Speakman JR, Selman C. Metabolic rate through the life-course: From the organism to the organelle. Exp Gerontol 2020; 140:111059. [PMID: 32853835 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Y Seo
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - John R Speakman
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Casagrande S, Stier A, Monaghan P, Loveland JL, Boner W, Lupi S, Trevisi R, Hau M. Increased glucocorticoid concentrations in early life cause mitochondrial inefficiency and short telomeres. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb222513. [PMID: 32532864 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.222513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are DNA structures that protect chromosome ends. However, telomeres shorten during cell replication and at critically low lengths can reduce cell replicative potential, induce cell senescence and decrease fitness. Stress exposure, which elevates glucocorticoid hormone concentrations, can exacerbate telomere attrition. This phenomenon has been attributed to increased oxidative stress generated by glucocorticoids ('oxidative stress hypothesis'). We recently suggested that glucocorticoids could increase telomere attrition during stressful periods by reducing the resources available for telomere maintenance through changes in the metabolic machinery ('metabolic telomere attrition hypothesis'). Here, we tested whether experimental increases in glucocorticoid levels affected telomere length and mitochondrial function in wild great tit (Parus major) nestlings during the energy-demanding early growth period. We monitored resulting corticosterone (Cort) concentrations in plasma and red blood cells, telomere lengths and mitochondrial metabolism (metabolic rate, proton leak, oxidative phosphorylation, maximal mitochondrial capacity and mitochondrial inefficiency). We assessed oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolites as well as the total non-enzymatic antioxidant protection in plasma. Compared with control nestlings, Cort-nestlings had higher baseline corticosterone, shorter telomeres and higher mitochondrial metabolic rate. Importantly, Cort-nestlings showed increased mitochondrial proton leak, leading to a decreased ATP production efficiency. Treatment groups did not differ in oxidative damage or antioxidants. Hence, glucocorticoid-induced telomere attrition is associated with changes in mitochondrial metabolism, but not with ROS production. These findings support the hypothesis that shortening of telomere length during stressful periods is mediated by glucocorticoids through metabolic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Casagrande
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Evolutionary Physiology Group, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Antoine Stier
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jasmine L Loveland
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Behavioural Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology Group, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Winifred Boner
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sara Lupi
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Evolutionary Physiology Group, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, A-1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachele Trevisi
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Evolutionary Physiology Group, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Michaela Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Evolutionary Physiology Group, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
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30
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Pettersen AK, Hall MD, White CR, Marshall DJ. Metabolic rate, context-dependent selection, and the competition-colonization trade-off. Evol Lett 2020; 4:333-344. [PMID: 32774882 PMCID: PMC7403701 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is linked with the pace‐of‐life, co‐varying with survival, growth, and reproduction. Metabolic rates should therefore be under strong selection and, if heritable, become less variable over time. Yet intraspecific variation in metabolic rates is ubiquitous, even after accounting for body mass and temperature. Theory predicts variable selection maintains trait variation, but field estimates of how selection on metabolism varies are rare. We use a model marine invertebrate to estimate selection on metabolic rates in the wild under different competitive environments. Fitness landscapes varied among environments separated by a few centimeters: interspecific competition selected for higher metabolism, and a faster pace‐of‐life, relative to competition‐free environments. Populations experience a mosaic of competitive regimes; we find metabolism mediates a competition‐colonization trade‐off across these regimes. Although high metabolic phenotypes possess greater competitive ability, in the absence of competitors, low metabolic phenotypes are better colonizers. Spatial heterogeneity and the variable selection on metabolic rates that it generates is likely to maintain variation in metabolic rate, despite strong selection in any single environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Pettersen
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia.,Department of Biology Lund University Lund 221 00 Sweden
| | - Matthew D Hall
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Craig R White
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Dustin J Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia
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31
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Han X, Hao X, Wang Y, Wang X, Teng L, Liu Z, Zhang F, Zhang Q. Experimental warming induces oxidative stress and immunosuppression in a viviparous lizard, Eremias multiocellata. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Loughland I, Seebacher F. Differences in oxidative status explain variation in thermal acclimation capacity between individual mosquitofish (
Gambusia holbrooki
). Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Loughland
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08 University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08 University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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33
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Norin T, Metcalfe NB. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of metabolic rate plasticity in response to environmental change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180180. [PMID: 30966964 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal or standard metabolic rate reflects the minimum amount of energy required to maintain body processes, while the maximum metabolic rate sets the ceiling for aerobic work. There is typically up to three-fold intraspecific variation in both minimal and maximal rates of metabolism, even after controlling for size, sex and age; these differences are consistent over time within a given context, but both minimal and maximal metabolic rates are plastic and can vary in response to changing environments. Here we explore the causes of intraspecific and phenotypic variation at the organ, tissue and mitochondrial levels. We highlight the growing evidence that individuals differ predictably in the flexibility of their metabolic rates and in the extent to which they can suppress minimal metabolism when food is limiting but increase the capacity for aerobic metabolism when a high work rate is beneficial. It is unclear why this intraspecific variation in metabolic flexibility persists-possibly because of trade-offs with the flexibility of other traits-but it has consequences for the ability of populations to respond to a changing world. It is clear that metabolic rates are targets of selection, but more research is needed on the fitness consequences of rates of metabolism and their plasticity at different life stages, especially in natural conditions. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Norin
- 1 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, MVLS, University of Glasgow , Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK.,2 DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Kemitorvet Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- 1 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, MVLS, University of Glasgow , Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
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Bury S, Cierniak A, Jakóbik J, Sadowska ET, Cichoń M, Bauchinger U. Cellular Turnover: A Potential Metabolic Rate-Driven Mechanism to Mitigate Accumulation of DNA Damage. Physiol Biochem Zool 2020; 93:90-96. [PMID: 32011970 DOI: 10.1086/707506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the imbalance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity, may cause damage to biomolecules pivotal for cellular processes (e.g., DNA). This may impair physiological performance and, therefore, drive life-history variation and aging rate. Because aerobic metabolism is supposed to be the main source of such oxidative risk, the rate of oxygen consumption should be positively associated with the level of damage and/or antioxidants. Empirical support for such relationships remains unclear, and recent considerations suggest even a negative relationship between metabolic rate and oxidative stress. We investigated the relationship between standard metabolic rate (SMR), antioxidants, and damage in blood plasma and erythrocytes for 35 grass snakes (Natrix natrix). Reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs) and nonenzymatic antioxidants were assessed in plasma, while two measures of DNA damage and the capacity to neutralize H2O2 were measured in erythrocytes. Plasma antioxidants showed no correlation to SMR, and the level of dROMs was positively related to SMR. A negative relationship between antioxidant capacity and SMR was found in erythrocytes, but no association of SMR with either measure of DNA damage was detected. No increase in DNA damage, despite lower antioxidant capacity at high SMR, indicates an upregulation in other defense mechanisms (e.g., damage repair and/or removal). Indeed, we observed a higher frequency of immature red blood cells in individuals with higher SMR, which indicates that highly metabolic individuals had increased erythrocyte turnover, a mechanism of damage removal. Such DNA protection through upregulated cellular turnover might explain the negligible senescence observed in some ectotherm taxa.
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35
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Boyce AJ, Mouton JC, Lloyd P, Wolf BO, Martin TE. Metabolic rate is negatively linked to adult survival but does not explain latitudinal differences in songbirds. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:642-652. [PMID: 31990148 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Survival rates vary dramatically among species and predictably across latitudes, but causes of this variation are unclear. The rate-of-living hypothesis posits that physiological damage from metabolism causes species with faster metabolic rates to exhibit lower survival rates. However, whether increased survival commonly observed in tropical and south temperate latitudes is associated with slower metabolic rate remains unclear. We compared metabolic rates and annual survival rates that we measured across 46 species, and from literature data across 147 species of birds in northern, southern and tropical latitudes. High metabolic rates were associated with lower survival but survival varied substantially among latitudinal regions independent of metabolism. The inability of metabolic rate to explain latitudinal variation in survival suggests (1) species may evolve physiological mechanisms that mitigate physiological damage from cellular metabolism and (2) extrinsic rather than intrinsic sources of mortality are the primary causes of latitudinal differences in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Boyce
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - James C Mouton
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Penn Lloyd
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Blair O Wolf
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas E Martin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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36
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Gutiérrez JS, Sabat P, Castañeda LE, Contreras C, Navarrete L, Peña-Villalobos I, Navedo JG. Oxidative status and metabolic profile in a long-lived bird preparing for extreme endurance migration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17616. [PMID: 31772390 PMCID: PMC6879648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The high metabolic activity associated with endurance flights and intense fuelling of migrant birds may produce large quantities of reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative damage. Yet it remains unknown how long-lived birds prepare for oxidative challenges prior to extreme flights. We combined blood measurements of oxidative status and enzyme and fat metabolism in Hudsonian godwits (Limosa haemastica, a long-lived shorebird) before they embarked on non-stop flights longer than 10,000 km during their northbound migrations. We found that godwits increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced oxidative damage (TBARS) as the pre-migratory season progressed, despite higher basal metabolic rates before departure. Elevations in plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and uric acid suggest that lipid and protein breakdown supports energetic requirements prior to migration. Significant associations between blood mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase and plasma TAC (negative) and TBARS (positive) during winter indicate that greater enzyme activity can result in greater oxidative damage and antioxidant responses. However enzyme activity remained unchanged between winter and premigratory stages, so birds may be unable to adjust metabolic enzyme activity in anticipation of future demands. These results indicate that godwits enhance their oxidative status during migratory preparation, which might represent an adaptation to diminish the physiological costs of long-distance migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Gutiérrez
- Estación Experimental Quempillén, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Ancud, Chiloé, Chile.
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis E Castañeda
- Programa de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Contreras
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucas Navarrete
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac Peña-Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan G Navedo
- Estación Experimental Quempillén, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Ancud, Chiloé, Chile
- Bird Ecology Lab, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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37
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Lau GY, Arndt S, Murphy MP, Richards JG. Species- and tissue-specific differences in ROS metabolism during exposure to hypoxia and hyperoxia plus recovery in marine sculpins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.206896. [PMID: 31628206 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.206896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Animals that inhabit environments that fluctuate in oxygen must not only contend with disruptions to aerobic metabolism, but also the potential effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The goal of this study was to compare aspects of ROS metabolism in response to O2 variability (6 h hypoxia or hyperoxia, with subsequent normoxic recovery) in two species of intertidal sculpin fishes (Cottidae, Actinopterygii) that can experience O2 fluctuations in their natural environment and differ in whole-animal hypoxia tolerance. To assess ROS metabolism, we measured the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide as an indicator of tissue redox environment, MitoP/MitoB ratio to assess in vivo mitochondrial ROS generation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) for lipid peroxidation, and total oxidative scavenging capacity (TOSC) in the liver, brain and gill. In the brain, the more hypoxia-tolerant O ligocottus maculosus showed large increases in TBARS levels following hypoxia and hyperoxia exposure that were generally not associated with large changes in mitochondrial H2O2 In contrast, the less-tolerant S corpaenichthys marmoratus showed no significant changes in TBARS or mitochondrial H2O2 in the brain. More moderate increases were observed in the liver and gill of O. maculosus exposed to hypoxia and hyperoxia with normoxic recovery, whereas S. marmoratus had a greater response to O2 variability in these tissues compared with the brain. Our results show a species- and tissue-specific relationship between hypoxia tolerance and ROS metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi Y Lau
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sabine Arndt
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jeffrey G Richards
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Stahlschmidt ZR, Jeong N, Johnson D, Meckfessel N. From phenoloxidase to fecundity: food availability does not influence the costs of oxidative challenge in a wing-dimorphic cricket. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 190:17-26. [PMID: 31720761 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stressed animals often struggle to maintain optimal investment into a number of fitness-related traits, which can result in some traits being more adversely affected than others. Variation in stress-related costs may also depend on the environment-costs can be facultative and only occur when resources are limited, or they may be obligate and occur regardless of resource availability. Dynamics of oxidative stress may be important in life-history evolution given their role in a range of biological processes-from reproduction to immunity to locomotion. Thus, we examined how resource (food) availability influences the costs of oxidative challenge to fitness-related traits spanning several levels of biological organization. We manipulated food availability and oxidative status in females of the wing-dimorphic sand field cricket (Gryllus firmus) during early adulthood. We then determined investment into several traits: reproduction (ovary mass), soma (body mass and flight musculature), and immune function (total phenoloxidase activity). Oxidative challenge (paraquat exposure) obligated costs to somatic tissue and a parameter of immune function regardless of food availability, but it did not affect reproduction. We show that the costs of oxidative challenge are trait-specific, but we did not detect a facultative (food-dependent) cost of oxidative challenge to any trait measured. Although the dynamics of oxidative stress are complex, our study is an important step toward a more complete understanding of the roles that resource availability and redox systems play in mediating life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Jeong
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - D Johnson
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - N Meckfessel
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
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Videlier M, Rundle HD, Careau V. Sex-Specific Among-Individual Covariation in Locomotor Activity and Resting Metabolic Rate in Drosophila melanogaster. Am Nat 2019; 194:E164-E176. [PMID: 31738101 DOI: 10.1086/705678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A key endeavor in evolutionary physiology is to identify sources of among- and within-individual variation in resting metabolic rate (RMR). Although males and females often differ in whole-organism RMR due to sexual size dimorphism, sex differences in RMR sometimes persist after conditioning on body mass, suggesting phenotypic differences between males and females in energy-expensive activities contributing to RMR. One potential difference is locomotor activity, yet its relationship with RMR is unclear and different energy budget models predict different associations. We quantified locomotor activity (walking) over 24 h and RMR (overnight) in 232 male and 245 female Drosophila melanogaster that were either mated or maintained as virgins between two sets of measurements. Accounting for body mass, sex, and reproductive status, RMR and activity were significantly and moderately repeatable (RMR: R=0.33±0.06; activity: R=0.58±0.03). RMR and activity were positively correlated among (rind=0.26±0.09) but not within (re=0.05±0.06) individuals. Moreover, activity varied throughout the day and between the sexes. Partitioning our analysis by sex and activity by time of day revealed that all among-individual correlations were positive and significant in males but nonsignificant or even significantly negative in females. Such differences in the RMR-activity covariance suggest fundamental differences in how the sexes manage their energy budget.
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Cooper-Mullin C, Carter WA, McWilliams SR. Acute effects of intense exercise on the antioxidant system in birds: does exercise training help? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.210443. [PMID: 31511346 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.210443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The acute effects of an energy-intensive activity such as exercise may alter an animal's redox homeostasis, although these short-term effects may be ameliorated by chronic exposure to that activity, or training, over time. Although well documented in mammals, how energy-intensive training affects the antioxidant system and damage by reactive species has not been investigated fully in flight-trained birds. We examined changes to redox homeostasis in zebra finches exposed to energy-intensive activity (60 min of perch-to-perch flights twice a day), and how exercise training over many weeks affected this response. We measured multiple components of the antioxidant system: an enzymatic antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, GPx) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (measured by the OXY-adsorbent test) as well as a measure of oxidative damage (d-ROMs). At no point during the experiment did oxidative damage change. We discovered that exposure to energy-intensive exercise training did not alter baseline levels of GPx, but induced exercise-trained birds to maintain a higher non-enzymatic antioxidant status as compared with untrained birds. GPx activity was elevated above baseline in trained birds immediately after completion of the second 1 h flight on each of the three sampling days, and non-enzymatic antioxidants were acutely depleted during flight after 13 and 44 days of training. The primary effect of exercise training on the acute response of the antioxidant system to 2 h flights was increased coordination between the enzymatic (GPx) and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system of birds that reduced oxidative damage associated with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cooper-Mullin
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Wales A Carter
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Scott R McWilliams
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Antioxidant capacity is repeatable across years but does not consistently correlate with a marker of peroxidation in a free-living passerine bird. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 189:283-298. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kumar V, Mohamed MS, Veeranarayanan S, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Functionalized Carbon Nanowalls as Pro-Angiogenic Scaffolds for Endothelial Cell Activation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1119-1130. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kumar
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - M. Sheikh Mohamed
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Srivani Veeranarayanan
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - D. Sakthi Kumar
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
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Kim SY, Noguera JC, Velando A. Carry-over effects of early thermal conditions on somatic and germline oxidative damages are mediated by compensatory growth in sticklebacks. J Anim Ecol 2018; 88:473-483. [PMID: 30548846 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of climate change impacts focus on the effects of summer temperatures, which can immediately impact fitness of breeders, but winter temperatures are expected to have a greater impact on development and growth of animals with long-lasting consequences. Exposure to warmer temperatures can increase cellular oxidative damage in ectotherms. Yet, it is unknown whether thermal stress during early life has prolonged effects on oxidative status during adulthood. In an experiment using F1 fish originated from a wild three-spined stickleback population at the southern edge of its European distribution, we examined whether experimental thermal conditions experienced in winter had carry-over effects on oxidative status and telomere length, a marker of accumulated stress, in the soma and germline during adulthood. For this, oxidative DNA damage, enzymatic antioxidant activities and telomere length were measured three months after the termination of the temperature manipulation. In addition, we tested whether such delayed effects, if any, were due to individuals' compensatory growth after experiencing unfavourable growth conditions in winter. Warm acclimation during winter induced increased levels of oxidative DNA damage in muscle and sperm and increased enzymatic antioxidant defences in muscle during the breeding season. Telomere length of adult fish was not influenced by thermal conditions experienced during early life. Winter temperature manipulation influenced fish to alter the temporal pattern of growth trajectories across the juvenile and adult stages. Fish reared in warm winter conditions grew at a slower rate than the controls during the period of temperature manipulation then accelerated body mass gain to catch up during the breeding season. Faster somatic growth during the breeding season incurred a higher cost in terms of oxidative damage in the warm-treated individuals. For the first time, we experimentally show the long-lasting detrimental effects of thermal stress on and the positive link between catch-up growth and oxidative DNA damage in the soma and germline. Winter temperature increases due to climate change can reduce fertility and survival of fish by inducing catch-up growth. The detrimental effects of winter climate change may accumulate across generations through the pre-mutagenic DNA damage in the germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Yeon Kim
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José C Noguera
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alberto Velando
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Bury S, Cichoń M, Bauchinger U, Sadowska ET. High oxidative stress despite low energy metabolism and vice versa: Insights through temperature acclimation in an ectotherm. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Casagrande S, Hau M. Enzymatic antioxidants but not baseline glucocorticoids mediate the reproduction-survival trade-off in a wild bird. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.2141. [PMID: 30487312 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The trade-off between reproductive investment and survival is central to life-history theory, but the relative importance and the complex interactions among the physiological mechanisms mediating it are still debated. Here we experimentally tested whether baseline glucocorticoid hormones, the redox system or their interaction mediate reproductive investment-survival trade-offs in wild great tits (Parus major). We increased the workload of parental males by clipping three feathers on each wing, and 5 days later determined effects on baseline corticosterone concentrations (Cort), redox state (reactive oxygen metabolites, protein carbonyls, glutathione peroxidase [GPx], total non-enzymatic antioxidants), body mass, body condition, reproductive success and survival. Feather-clipping did not affect fledgling numbers, chick body condition, nest provisioning rates or survival compared with controls. However, feather-clipped males lost mass and increased both Cort and GPx concentrations. Within feather-clipped individuals, GPx increases were positively associated with reproductive investment (i.e. male nest provisioning). Furthermore, within all individuals, males that increased GPx suffered reduced survival rates. Baseline Cort increases were related to mass loss but not to redox state, nest provisioning or male survival. Our findings provide experimental evidence that changes in the redox system are associated with the trade-off between reproductive investment and survival, while baseline Cort may support this trade-off indirectly through a link with body condition. These results also emphasize that plastic changes in individuals, rather than static levels of physiological signals, may mediate life-history trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Casagrande
- Department of Evolutionary Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Hau
- Department of Evolutionary Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Starnberg, Germany
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Noguera JC. Crickets increase sexual signalling and sperm protection but live shorter in the presence of rivals. J Evol Biol 2018; 32:49-57. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José C. Noguera
- Grupo de Ecología Animal; Universidade de Vigo, Torre CACTI; Vigo Spain
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Silva LR, Lardy S, Ferreira AC, Rey B, Doutrelant C, Covas R. Females pay the oxidative cost of dominance in a highly social bird. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mehdi H, Dickson FH, Bragg LM, Servos MR, Craig PM. Impacts of wastewater treatment plant effluent on energetics and stress response of rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) in the Grand River watershed. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 224:270-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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49
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Salin K, Villasevil EM, Anderson GJ, Auer SK, Selman C, Hartley RC, Mullen W, Chinopoulos C, Metcalfe NB, Williams C. Decreased mitochondrial metabolic requirements in fasting animals carry an oxidative cost. Funct Ecol 2018; 32:2149-2157. [PMID: 30333678 PMCID: PMC6175143 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many animals experience periods of food shortage in their natural environment. It has been hypothesised that the metabolic responses of animals to naturally-occurring periods of food deprivation may have long-term negative impacts on their subsequent life-history.In particular, reductions in energy requirements in response to fasting may help preserve limited resources but potentially come at a cost of increased oxidative stress. However, little is known about this trade-off since studies of energy metabolism are generally conducted separately from those of oxidative stress.Using a novel approach that combines measurements of mitochondrial function with in vivo levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in brown trout (Salmo trutta), we show here that fasting induces energy savings in a highly metabolically active organ (the liver) but at the cost of a significant increase in H2O2, an important form of reactive oxygen species (ROS).After a 2-week period of fasting, brown trout reduced their whole-liver mitochondrial respiratory capacities (state 3, state 4 and cytochrome c oxidase activity), mainly due to reductions in liver size (and hence the total mitochondrial content). This was compensated for at the level of the mitochondrion, with an increase in state 3 respiration combined with a decrease in state 4 respiration, suggesting a selective increase in the capacity to produce ATP without a concomitant increase in energy dissipated through proton leakage. However, the reduction in total hepatic metabolic capacity in fasted fish was associated with an almost two-fold increase in in vivo mitochondrial H2O2 levels (as measured by the MitoB probe).The resulting increase in mitochondrial ROS, and hence potential risk of oxidative damage, provides mechanistic insight into the trade-off between the short-term energetic benefits of reducing metabolism in response to fasting and the potential long-term costs to subsequent life-history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Eugenia M. Villasevil
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Graeme J. Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Sonya K. Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- MTA‐SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | - Neil B. Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Rivera-Ingraham GA, Lignot JH. Osmoregulation, bioenergetics and oxidative stress in coastal marine invertebrates: raising the questions for future research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:1749-1760. [PMID: 28515169 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.135624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osmoregulation is by no means an energetically cheap process, and its costs have been extensively quantified in terms of respiration and aerobic metabolism. Common products of mitochondrial activity are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which may cause oxidative stress by degrading key cell components, while playing essential roles in cell homeostasis. Given the delicate equilibrium between pro- and antioxidants in fueling acclimation responses, the need for a thorough understanding of the relationship between salinity-induced oxidative stress and osmoregulation arises as an important issue, especially in the context of global changes and anthropogenic impacts on coastal habitats. This is especially urgent for intertidal/estuarine organisms, which may be subject to drastic salinity and habitat changes, leading to redox imbalance. How do osmoregulation strategies determine energy expenditure, and how do these processes affect organisms in terms of oxidative stress? What mechanisms are used to cope with salinity-induced oxidative stress? This Commentary aims to highlight the main gaps in our knowledge, covering all levels of organization. From an energy-redox perspective, we discuss the link between environmental salinity changes and physiological responses at different levels of biological organization. Future studies should seek to provide a detailed understanding of the relationship between osmoregulatory strategies and redox metabolism, thereby informing conservation physiologists and allowing them to tackle the new challenges imposed by global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR 9190 MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France
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