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Landry-Ducharme L, Lai S, Vézina F, Tam A, Berteaux D. Vegetation biomass and topography are associated with seasonal habitat selection and fall translocation behavior in Arctic hares. Oecologia 2024; 204:775-788. [PMID: 38554159 PMCID: PMC11062897 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Habitat selection theory suggests that environmental features selected at coarse scales reveal fundamental factors affecting animal fitness. When these factors vary across seasons, they may lead to large-scale movements, including long-distance seasonal migrations. We analyzed the seasonal habitat selection of 25 satellite-tracked Arctic hares from a population on Ellesmere Island (Nunavut, Canada) that relocated over 100 km in the fall. Since no other lagomorph is known to perform such extensive movements, this population offered an ideal setting to test animal movement and habitat selection theory. On summer grounds hares selected low elevation areas, while on winter grounds they selected high vegetation biomass, high elevation, and steep slopes. During fall relocation, they alternated between stopover and traveling behavioral states (ratio 2:1). Stopover locations were characterized by higher vegetation heterogeneity and lower rugosity than traveling locations, while vegetation biomass and elevation interacted to explain stopover locations in a more complex way. The selected combination of environmental features thus varied across seasons and behavioral states, in a way broadly consistent with predictions based on the changing food and safety needs of hares. Although causality was not demonstrated, our results improve our understanding of long-distance movements and habitat selection in Arctic hares, as well as herbivore ecology in the polar desert. Results also provide strong support to animal movement and habitat selection theory, by showing how some important hypotheses hold when tested in a species phylogenetically distinct from most animal models used in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Landry-Ducharme
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- Canada Research Chair On Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra Lai
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- Canada Research Chair On Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew Tam
- Department of National Defence, 8 Wing Canadian Forces Base Trenton, Astra, ON, Canada
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
- Canada Research Chair On Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
- Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
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Le Moal E, Liu Y, Collerette-Tremblay J, Dumontier S, Fabre P, Molina T, Dort J, Orfi Z, Denault N, Boutin J, Michaud J, Giguère H, Desroches A, Trân K, Ellezam B, Vézina F, Bedard S, Raynaud C, Balg F, Sarret P, Boudreault PL, Scott MS, Denault JB, Marsault E, Feige JN, Auger-Messier M, Dumont NA, Bentzinger CF. Apelin stimulation of the vascular skeletal muscle stem cell niche enhances endogenous repair in dystrophic mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eabn8529. [PMID: 38507466 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Impaired skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) function has long been suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy (MD). Here, we showed that defects in the endothelial cell (EC) compartment of the vascular stem cell niche in mouse models of Duchenne MD, laminin α2-related MD, and collagen VI-related myopathy were associated with inefficient mobilization of MuSCs after tissue damage. Using chemoinformatic analysis, we identified the 13-amino acid form of the peptide hormone apelin (AP-13) as a candidate for systemic stimulation of skeletal muscle ECs. Systemic administration of AP-13 using osmotic pumps generated a pro-proliferative EC-rich niche that supported MuSC function through angiocrine factors and markedly improved tissue regeneration and muscle strength in all three dystrophic mouse models. Moreover, EC-specific knockout of the apelin receptor led to regenerative defects that phenocopied key pathological features of MD, including vascular defects, fibrosis, muscle fiber necrosis, impaired MuSC function, and reduced force generation. Together, these studies provide in vivo proof of concept that enhancing endogenous skeletal muscle repair by targeting the vascular niche is a viable therapeutic avenue for MD and characterized AP-13 as a candidate for further study for the systemic treatment of MuSC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeran Le Moal
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yuguo Liu
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jasmin Collerette-Tremblay
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Simon Dumontier
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Paul Fabre
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Thomas Molina
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Junio Dort
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Zakaria Orfi
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Denault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Joël Boutin
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Joris Michaud
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Département de Médecine-Service de Cardiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Desroches
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Kien Trân
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- CHU Sainte-Justine Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sonia Bedard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Catherine Raynaud
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Frederic Balg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Département de Biochimie et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Bernard Denault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Département de Médecine-Service de Cardiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nicolas A Dumont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Pelletier D, Blier PU, Vézina F, Dufresne F, Paquin F, Christen F, Guillemette M. Under pressure-exploring partner changes, physiological responses and telomere dynamics in northern gannets across varying breeding conditions. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16457. [PMID: 38054014 PMCID: PMC10695113 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Life history theory predicts trade-offs between reproduction and survival in species like the northern gannet (Morus bassanus). During breeding, demanding foraging conditions lead them to expand their foraging range and diversify their diet, increasing the risk of reproductive failure. Changing partners may enhance breeding success but lead to more physiological costs. Methods To investigate the physiological costs of reproduction upon partner changes, we measured and compared 21 biomarkers related to telomere dynamics, oxidative stress, inflammation, hematology, nutritional status, and muscle damage. We used a longitudinal approach with gannets (n = 38) over three contrasting years (2017, 2018 and 2019). Results Our results suggest that annual breeding conditions exert a greater influence on physiological changes than partnership status. Individuals that changed partner experienced greater short-term stress than retained partners. This transient increase in stress was marked by short-term increases in oxidative lipid damage, lower antioxidant capacity, signs of inflammation, and greater weight loss than individuals that retained partners. During favorable conditions, individuals that changed mates had stabilized telomere length, decreased antioxidant capacity, glucose concentration, and muscle damage, along with increased oxygen transport capacity. Conversely, unfavorable breeding conditions led to increased telomere attrition, stabilized antioxidant capacity, decreased inflammation susceptibility, diminished oxygen transport capacity, and increased muscle damage. In the cases where partners were retained, distinct physiological changes were observed depending on the year's conditions, yet the telomere dynamics remained consistent across both partnership status categories. During the favorable year, there was an increase in unsaturated fatty acids and oxygen transport capacity in the blood, coupled with a reduction in inflammation potential and protein catabolism. In contrast, during the unfavorable year in the retained mates, we observed an increase in oxidative DNA damage, antioxidant capacity, weight loss, but a decrease in inflammation susceptibility as observed in changed mates. Discussion Our study shows that behavioral flexibility such as mate switching can help seabirds cope with the challenges of food scarcity during reproduction, but these coping strategies may have a negative impact on physiological status at the individual level. In addition, the marked reduction in telomere length observed during harsh conditions, coupled with the stabilization of telomere length in favorable conditions, highlights the long-term physiological impact of annual breeding conditions on seabirds. These findings underscore the effect on their potential survival and fitness, emphasizing that the influence of annual breeding conditions is greater than that of partnership status.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pelletier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biology, Cégep de Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre U. Blier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - France Dufresne
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Paquin
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Felix Christen
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Magella Guillemette
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
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Bourgeault-Gagnon Y, Leang AK, Bédard S, Lebel K, Balg F, Vézina F. Estimated diameter increase from a 4S to a 6S hamstring graft configuration - A cadaveric study. SICOT J 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 38032265 PMCID: PMC10688256 DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2023033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Graft diameter in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions has been shown to influence the risk of failure. It is therefore important to be able to adjust the graft configuration to modify the diameter. To measure the impact of a 6-strand (6S) hamstring autograft configuration on graft diameter compared to the standard 4-strand (4S) configuration. METHODS Cadaveric study on 33 knees, using the usual hamstring graft harvesting technique. Semitendinosus and gracilis tendons were harvested and their length, width, and diameter were measured in 4S and 6S configurations separately by three evaluators. RESULTS 6S configuration leads to a median increase of 1.5 (range: 0.0-2.0) mm in diameter compared to 4S (p < 0.001). A graft diameter of more than 8 mm is attained in less than a third of 4S grafts within this population in comparison to 84% when the 6S configuration is used. DISCUSSION The 6S hamstring graft configuration increases the graft diameter by a median of 1.5 millimeters compared to the traditional 4S configuration. It can reliably be used to obtain an 8.5 mm graft diameter or more in cases where the semitendinosus measures at least 270.5 mm and the 4S configuration has a diameter of 7.5 mm or 8 mm. This information helps to better delineate the impact of a 6S configuration in a pre-operative or intra-operative setting to optimize the decisional process and surgical flow and to easily adapt the graft diameter. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V (cadaveric study).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Keith Leang
- Sherbrooke University 3001 12th Avenue North Sherbooke QC J1H 5H4 Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Hôtel-Dieu-de-Sorel 400 Av. de l’Hôtel-Dieu Sorel-Tracy QC J3P 1N4 Canada
| | - Sonia Bédard
- Center for Research at the CHUS (CIUSSS de l’Estrie CHUS) 3001 12th Avenue North Sherbooke QC J1H 5H4 Canada
| | - Karina Lebel
- Research center on aging (CIUSSS de l’Estrie CHUS), 1036, rue Belvédère Sud Sherbooke QC J1H 4C4 Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke 2500, boulevard de l’Université, bureau C1-3050 Sherbrooke QC J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Frédéric Balg
- Sherbrooke University 3001 12th Avenue North Sherbooke QC J1H 5H4 Canada
- Center for Research at the CHUS (CIUSSS de l’Estrie CHUS) 3001 12th Avenue North Sherbooke QC J1H 5H4 Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Sherbrooke University 3001 12th Avenue North Sherbooke QC J1H 5H4 Canada
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Demers R, O'Connor RS, Le Pogam A, Young KG, Berteaux D, Tam A, Vézina F. Born in the cold: contrasted thermal exchanges and maintenance costs in juvenile and adult snow buntings on their breeding and wintering grounds. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:557-568. [PMID: 37382694 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Several species of passerines leave their nest with unfinished feather growth, resulting in lower feather insulation and increased thermoregulatory demands compared to adults. However, feather insulation is essential for avian species breeding at northern latitudes, where cold conditions or even snowstorms can occur during the breeding season. In altricial arctic species, increased heat loss caused by poor feather insulation during growth could be counter-adaptative as it creates additional energy demands for thermoregulation. Using flow-through respirometry, we compared resting metabolic rate at thermoneutrality (RMRt), summit metabolic rate (Msum) and heat loss (conductance) in adult and juvenile snow buntings on their summer and winter grounds. In summer, when buntings are in the Arctic, juveniles had a 12% higher RMRt, likely due to unfinished growth, and lost 14% more heat to the environment than adults. This pattern may result from juveniles fledging early to avoid predation at the cost of lower feather insulation. Surprisingly, an opposite pattern was observed at lower latitudes on their wintering grounds. Although they showed no difference in RMRt and Msum, adults were losing 12% more heat than juveniles. We suggest that this difference is due to poorer insulative property of plumage in adults stemming from energetic and time constraints encountered during their post-breeding molt. High plumage insulation in first-winter juvenile buntings could be adaptive to reduce thermoregulatory demands and maximize survival in the first winter of life, while adults could use behavioral strategies to compensate for their greater rate of heat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Demers
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Rimouski, Canada.
| | - Ryan S O'Connor
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Rimouski, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BOREAS, Rimouski, Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Audrey Le Pogam
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Rimouski, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BOREAS, Rimouski, Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Kevin G Young
- Department of Biology, Centre for Animals on the Move, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Rimouski, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BOREAS, Rimouski, Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, Canada
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Andrew Tam
- Department of National Defence, 8 Wing Canadian Forces Base Trenton, Astra, ON, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Rimouski, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BOREAS, Rimouski, Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, Canada
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Swanson DL, Stager M, Vézina F, Liu JS, McKechnie AE, Amirkhiz RG. Evidence for a maintenance cost for birds maintaining highly flexible basal, but not summit, metabolic rates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8968. [PMID: 37268715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36218-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible phenotypic flexibility allows organisms to better match phenotypes to prevailing environmental conditions and may produce fitness benefits. Costs and constraints of phenotypic flexibility may limit the capacity for flexible responses but are not well understood nor documented. Costs could include expenses associated with maintaining the flexible system or with generating the flexible response. One potential cost of maintaining a flexible system is an energetic cost reflected in the basal metabolic rate (BMR), with elevated BMR in individuals with more flexible metabolic responses. We accessed data from thermal acclimation studies of birds where BMR and/or Msum (maximum cold-induced metabolic rate) were measured before and after acclimation, as a measure of metabolic flexibility, to test the hypothesis that flexibility in BMR (ΔBMR), Msum (ΔMsum), or metabolic scope (Msum - BMR; ΔScope) is positively correlated with BMR. When temperature treatments lasted at least three weeks, three of six species showed significant positive correlations between ΔBMR and BMR, one species showed a significant negative correlation, and two species showed no significant correlation. ΔMsum and BMR were not significantly correlated for any species and ΔScope and BMR were significantly positively correlated for only one species. These data suggest that support costs exist for maintaining high BMR flexibility for some bird species, but high flexibility in Msum or metabolic scope does not generally incur elevated maintenance costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Swanson
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | - Maria Stager
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Jin-Song Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Andrew E McKechnie
- DST‑NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa
- South African Research Chair in Conservation Physiology, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Bourgeault-Gagnon Y, Leang AK, Bédard S, Lebel K, Balg F, Vézina F. A Partial-Thickness Quadriceps Autograft Reliably Augments the Size of the Hamstring Graft During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 4:e2005-e2009. [PMID: 36579052 PMCID: PMC9791862 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure the increase in diameter resulting from the augmentation of a hamstring autograft with a partial width rectus femoris tendon band in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods Thirty-three cadaveric knees were dissected to harvest semitendinosus and gracilis tendons (4S) along with a 6-mm wide tendon band from the rectus femoris. Harvesting was done according to the usual surgical techniques of both harvests. Measures of length and diameter in 4S and 4S augmented with the rectus femoris band (4S +Q) configurations were performed separately by 3 evaluators. Results The quadriceps augmentation led to an average increase of 1.49 mm (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.95 mm) in diameter of the 4-strand hamstring grafts. The previously demonstrated threshold diameter of 8.5 mm was attained in only 30% of 4S grafts within this population in comparison with 88% when augmented with a quadriceps band. Conclusions In conclusion, supplementing doubled hamstring graft (4S) with quadricipital tendon in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) increases the graft diameter by an average of 1.49 mm. It has the physical potential to reliably augment hamstring grafts that measure 7.5 mm in diameter or more in order to obtain an 8.5 mm when necessitated. Clinical Relevance Increased graft diameter is associated with a decreased risk of graft failure after ACLR. Because of this, it is important to identify methods to increase the size of grafts. This study investigates the use of a partial-width rectus femoris tendon band as an option to reliably augment graft sizes during ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Bédard
- Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada,Center for Research at the CHUS (CIUSSS de l’Estrie CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Karina Lebel
- Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada,Research center on aging (CIUSSS de l’Estrie CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Balg
- Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada,Center for Research at the CHUS (CIUSSS de l’Estrie CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada,Address correspondence to Dr, François Vézina. Sherbrooke University, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, J1H 5H4, (Quebec), Canada.
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8
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Swanson DL, Vézina F, McKechnie AE, Nord A. Editorial: Avian behavioral and physiological responses to challenging thermal environments and extreme weather events. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1034659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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O'Connor RS, Le Pogam A, Young KG, Love OP, Cox CJ, Roy G, Robitaille F, Elliott KH, Hargreaves AL, Choy ES, Gilchrist HG, Berteaux D, Tam A, Vézina F. Warming in the land of the midnight sun: breeding birds may suffer greater heat stress at high- versus low-Arctic sites. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220300. [PMID: 36000233 PMCID: PMC9399709 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising global temperatures are expected to increase reproductive costs for wildlife as greater thermoregulatory demands interfere with reproductive activities. However, predicting the temperatures at which reproductive performance is negatively impacted remains a significant hurdle. Using a thermoregulatory polygon approach, we derived a reproductive threshold temperature for an Arctic songbird-the snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis). We defined this threshold as the temperature at which individuals must reduce activity to suboptimal levels (i.e. less than four-time basal metabolic rate) to sustain nestling provisioning and avoid overheating. We then compared this threshold to operative temperatures recorded at high (82° N) and low (64° N) Arctic sites to estimate how heat constraints translate into site-specific impacts on sustained activity level. We predict buntings would become behaviourally constrained at operative temperatures above 11.7°C, whereupon they must reduce provisioning rates to avoid overheating. Low-Arctic sites had larger fluctuations in solar radiation, consistently producing daily periods when operative temperatures exceeded 11.7°C. However, high-latitude birds faced entire, consecutive days when parents would be unable to sustain required provisioning rates. These data indicate that Arctic warming is probably already disrupting the breeding performance of cold-specialist birds and suggests counterintuitive and severe negative impacts of warming at higher latitude breeding locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. O'Connor
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Centre d'études nordiques, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
| | - Audrey Le Pogam
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Centre d'études nordiques, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
| | - Kevin G. Young
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Oliver P. Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Christopher J. Cox
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Gabrielle Roy
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
| | - Francis Robitaille
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
| | - Kyle H. Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - Anna L. Hargreaves
- Department of Biological Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Emily S. Choy
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - H. Grant Gilchrist
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Centre d'études nordiques, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
| | - Andrew Tam
- Department of National Defence, 8 Wing Trenton, Astra, ON, Canada K0K3W0
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Rimouski, QC, Canada G5 L 3A1
- Centre d'études nordiques, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5 L 3A1
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10
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Fleury C, Gagnon G, Bédard S, Vézina F. Median nerve injury after Latarjet open surgery: a case report. JSES Rev Rep Tech 2022; 2:424-426. [PMID: 37588878 PMCID: PMC10426652 DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fleury
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Orthopedics Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Gagnon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Orthopedics Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia Bédard
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Orthopedics Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- CHUS Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Orthopedics Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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11
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Milbergue MS, Vézina F, Desrosiers V, Blier PU. How does mitochondrial function relate to thermogenic capacity and basal metabolic rate in small birds? J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275832. [PMID: 35762381 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of mitochondrial function in the avian thermoregulatory response to a cold environment. Using black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) acclimated to cold (-10°C) and thermoneutral (27°C) temperatures, we expected to observe an upregulation of pectoralis muscle and liver respiratory capacity that would be visible in mitochondrial adjustments in cold-acclimated birds. We also predicted that these adjustments would correlate with thermogenic capacity (Msum) and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Using tissue high-resolution respirometry, mitochondrial performance was measured as respiration rate triggered by proton leak and the activity of complex I (OXPHOSCI) and complex I+II (OXPHOSCI+CII) in the liver and pectoralis muscle. The activity of citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) was also used as a marker of mitochondrial density. We found 20% higher total CS activity in the whole pectoralis muscle and 39% higher total CCO activity in the whole liver of cold-acclimated chickadees relative to that of birds kept at thermoneutrality. This indicates that cold acclimation increased overall aerobic capacity of these tissues. Msum correlated positively with mitochondrial proton leak in the muscle of cold-acclimated birds while BMR correlated with OXPHOSCI in the liver with a pattern that differed between treatments. Consequently, this study revealed a divergence in mitochondrial metabolism between thermal acclimation states in birds. Some functions of the mitochondria covary with thermogenic capacity and basal maintenance costs in patterns that are dependent on temperature and body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam S Milbergue
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5L 3A1.,Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordique BORÉAS
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5L 3A1.,Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordique BORÉAS.,Centre d'Études Nordiques
| | | | - Pierre U Blier
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5L 3A1.,Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordique BORÉAS.,Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Canada
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12
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Lai S, Desjardins É, Caron-Carrier J, Couchoux C, Vézina F, Tam A, Koutroulides N, Berteaux D. Unsuspected mobility of Arctic hares revealed by longest journey ever recorded in a lagomorph. Ecology 2021; 103:e3620. [PMID: 34939184 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lai
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Émilie Desjardins
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacob Caron-Carrier
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charline Couchoux
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew Tam
- Department of National Defence, 8 Wing Canadian Forces Base Trenton, P.O. Box 1000 Station Forces, Astra, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Koutroulides
- Department of National Defence, 8 Wing Canadian Forces Base Trenton, P.O. Box 1000 Station Forces, Astra, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Centre for Northern Studies and Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada.,Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Desjardins É, Lai S, Payette S, Vézina F, Tam A, Berteaux D. Vascular plant communities in the polar desert of Alert (Ellesmere Island, Canada): Establishment of a baseline reference for the 21st century. Écoscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1907974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Desjardins
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Lai
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Payette
- Département de Biologie, Centre for Northern Studies, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew Tam
- Department of National Defence, 8 Wing Canadian Forces Base Trenton, Astra, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Canada Research Chair on Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Le Pogam A, O’Connor RS, Love OP, Drolet J, Régimbald L, Roy G, Laplante MP, Berteaux D, Tam A, Vézina F. Snow Buntings Maintain Winter-Level Cold Endurance While Migrating to the High Arctic. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.724876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctic breeding songbirds migrate early in the spring and can face winter environments requiring cold endurance throughout their journey. One such species, the snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis), is known for its significant thermogenic capacity. Empirical studies suggest that buntings can indeed maintain winter cold acclimatization into the migratory and breeding phenotypes when kept captive on their wintering grounds. This capacity could be advantageous not only for migrating in a cold environment, but also for facing unpredictable Arctic weather on arrival and during preparation for breeding. However, migration also typically leads to declines in the sizes of several body components linked to metabolic performance. As such, buntings could also experience some loss of cold endurance as they migrate. Here, we aimed to determine whether free-living snow buntings maintain a cold acclimatized phenotype during spring migration. Using a multi-year dataset, we compared body composition (body mass, fat stores, and pectoralis muscle thickness), oxygen carrying capacity (hematocrit) and metabolic performance (thermogenic capacity – Msum and maintenance energy expenditure – BMR) of birds captured on their wintering grounds (January–February, Rimouski, QC, 48°N) and during pre-breeding (April–May) in the Arctic (Alert, NU, 82°). Our results show that body mass, fat stores and Msum were similar between the two stages, while hematocrit and pectoralis muscle thickness were lower in pre-breeding birds than in wintering individuals. These results suggest that although tissue degradation during migration may affect flight muscle size, buntings are able to maintain cold endurance (i.e., Msum) up to their Arctic breeding grounds. However, BMR was higher during pre-breeding than during winter, suggesting higher maintenance costs in the Arctic.
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15
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Zgirski T, Legagneux P, Chastel O, Regimbald L, Prouteau L, Le Pogam A, Budzinski H, Love OP, Vézina F. Early life neonicotinoid exposure results in proximal benefits and ultimate carryover effects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15252. [PMID: 34315944 PMCID: PMC8316441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are insecticides widely used as seed treatments that appear to have multiple negative effects on birds at a diversity of biological scales. Adult birds exposed to a low dose of imidacloprid, one of the most commonly used neonicotinoids, presented reduced fat stores, delayed migration and potentially altered orientation. However, little is known on the effect of imidacloprid on birds growth rate despite studies that have documented disruptive effects of low imidacloprid doses on thyroid gland communication. We performed a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2 \times 2$$\end{document}2×2 factorial design experiment in Zebra finches, in which nestling birds were exposed to a very low dose (0.205 mg kg body \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {mass}^{-1}$$\end{document}mass-1) of imidacloprid combined with food restriction during posthatch development. During the early developmental period, imidacloprid exposure resulted in an improvement of body condition index in treated nestlings relative to controls. Imidacloprid also led to compensatory growth in food restricted nestlings. This early life neonicotinoid exposure also carried over to adult age, with exposed birds showing higher lean mass and basal metabolic rate than controls at ages of 90–800 days. This study presents the first evidence that very low-dose neonicotinoid exposure during early life can permanently alter adult phenotype in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zgirski
- Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada. .,Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec (QCBS), Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Pierre Legagneux
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec (QCBS), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, France, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France.,Centre d'Études Nordiques (CEN), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, France, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Lyette Regimbald
- Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Louise Prouteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, France, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France.,Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR-5805 EPOC-OASU, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Audrey Le Pogam
- Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.,Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec (QCBS), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Études Nordiques (CEN), Quebec, QC, Canada.,Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques (BORÉAS), Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR-5805 EPOC-OASU, 33615, Pessac, France
| | | | - François Vézina
- Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.,Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec (QCBS), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Études Nordiques (CEN), Quebec, QC, Canada.,Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques (BORÉAS), Rimouski, QC, Canada
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16
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Choy ES, O'Connor RS, Gilchrist HG, Hargreaves AL, Love OP, Vézina F, Elliott KH. Limited heat tolerance in a cold-adapted seabird: implications of a warming Arctic. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:270771. [PMID: 34232314 PMCID: PMC8278010 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is warming at approximately twice the global rate, with well-documented indirect effects on wildlife. However, few studies have examined the direct effects of warming temperatures on Arctic wildlife, leaving the importance of heat stress unclear. Here, we assessed the direct effects of increasing air temperatures on the physiology of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia), an Arctic seabird with reported mortalities due to heat stress while nesting on sun-exposed cliffs. We used flow-through respirometry to measure the response of body temperature, resting metabolic rate, evaporative water loss and evaporative cooling efficiency (the ratio of evaporative heat loss to metabolic heat production) in murres while experimentally increasing air temperature. Murres had limited heat tolerance, exhibiting: (1) a low maximum body temperature (43.3°C); (2) a moderate increase in resting metabolic rate relative that within their thermoneutral zone (1.57 times); (3) a small increase in evaporative water loss rate relative that within their thermoneutral zone (1.26 times); and (4) a low maximum evaporative cooling efficiency (0.33). Moreover, evaporative cooling efficiency decreased with increasing air temperature, suggesting murres were producing heat at a faster rate than they were dissipating it. Larger murres also had a higher rate of increase in resting metabolic rate and a lower rate of increase in evaporative water loss than smaller murres; therefore, evaporative cooling efficiency declined with increasing body mass. As a cold-adapted bird, murres' limited heat tolerance likely explains their mortality on warm days. Direct effects of overheating on Arctic wildlife may be an important but under-reported impact of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Choy
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, CanadaH9X 3V9
| | - Ryan S O'Connor
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada95L 3A1.,Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Institut nordique du Québec, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada95L 3A1.,Centre d'études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada95L 3A1.,Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada95L 3A1
| | - H Grant Gilchrist
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
| | - Anna L Hargreaves
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaH3G 0B1
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, CanadaN9B 3P4
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada95L 3A1.,Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Institut nordique du Québec, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada95L 3A1.,Centre d'études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada95L 3A1.,Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada95L 3A1
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, CanadaH9X 3V9
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Senécal S, Riva JC, O'Connor RS, Hallot F, Nozais C, Vézina F. Poor prey quality is compensated by higher provisioning effort in passerine birds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11182. [PMID: 34045619 PMCID: PMC8159977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90658-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In altricial avian species, nutrition can significantly impact nestling fitness by increasing their survival and recruitment chances after fledging. Therefore, the effort invested by parents towards provisioning nestlings is crucial and represents a critical link between habitat resources and reproductive success. Recent studies suggest that the provisioning rate has little or no effect on the nestling growth rate. However, these studies do not consider prey quality, which may force breeding pairs to adjust provisioning rates to account for variation in prey nutritional value. In this 8-year study using black-capped (Poecile atricapillus) and boreal (Poecile hudsonicus) chickadees, we hypothesized that provisioning rates would negatively correlate with prey quality (i.e., energy content) across years if parents adjust their effort to maintain nestling growth rates. The mean daily growth rate was consistent across years in both species. However, prey energy content differed among years, and our results showed that parents brought more food to the nest and fed at a higher rate in years of low prey quality. This compensatory effect likely explains the lack of relationship between provisioning rate and growth rate reported in this and other studies. Therefore, our data support the hypothesis that parents increase provisioning efforts to compensate for poor prey quality and maintain offspring growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Senécal
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada. .,Center for Northern Studies, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada. .,Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Julie-Camille Riva
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.,Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ryan S O'Connor
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.,Center for Northern Studies, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.,Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fanny Hallot
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.,Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christian Nozais
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.,Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Québec Océan, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.,Center for Northern Studies, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.,Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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18
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Le Pogam A, O'Connor RS, Love OP, Petit M, Régimbald L, Vézina F. Coping with the worst of both worlds: Phenotypic adjustments for cold acclimatization benefit northward migration and arrival in the cold in an Arctic‐breeding songbird. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Le Pogam
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski QC Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS Centre d'Études Nordiques Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec Rimouski QC Canada
| | - Ryan S. O'Connor
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski QC Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS Centre d'Études Nordiques Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec Rimouski QC Canada
| | - Oliver P. Love
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada
| | - Magali Petit
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski QC Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS Centre d'Études Nordiques Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec Rimouski QC Canada
| | - Lyette Régimbald
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski QC Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski QC Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS Centre d'Études Nordiques Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec Rimouski QC Canada
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Le Pogam A, Love OP, Régimbald L, Dubois K, Hallot F, Milbergue M, Petit M, O'Connor RS, Vézina F. Wintering Snow Buntings Elevate Cold Hardiness to Extreme Levels but Show No Changes in Maintenance Costs. Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 93:417-433. [PMID: 33048603 DOI: 10.1086/711370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResident temperate passerines adjust their phenotypes to cope with winter constraints, with peak performance in metabolic traits typically occurring during the coldest months. However, it is sparsely known whether cold-adapted northern species make similar adjustments when faced with variable seasonal environments. Life in near-constant cold could be associated with limited flexibility in traits underlying cold endurance. We investigated this by tracking individual physiological changes over five consecutive winters in snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis), an Arctic-breeding migratory passerine typically confronted with nearly constant cold. Buntings were held in an outdoor aviary and exposed to seasonal temperature variation typical of temperate zone climates. We measured phenotypic changes in body composition (body, fat, and lean mass, pectoralis muscle thickness), oxygen transport capacity (hematocrit), metabolic performance (basal metabolic rate [BMR] and summit metabolic rate [Msum]), thermogenic endurance (time to reach Msum), and cold tolerance (temperature at Msum). Snow buntings showed flexibility in functions underlying thermogenic capacity and cold endurance comparable to that observed in temperate resident passerines wintering at similar latitudes. Specifically, they increased body mass (13%), fat mass (246%), hematocrit (23%), pectoralis muscle thickness (8%), and Msum (27%). We also found remarkable cold tolerance in these birds, with individuals reaching Msum in helox at temperatures equivalent to less than -90°C in air. However, in contrast with resident temperate passerines, lean mass decreased by 12%, and there was no clear increase in maintenance costs (BMR). Our results show that the flexibility of traits underlying thermal acclimatization in a cold-adapted northern species is comparable to that of temperate resident species living at lower latitudes and is therefore not limited by life in near-constant cold.
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20
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Desjardins É, Lai S, Payette S, Dubé M, Sokoloff PC, St-Louis A, Poulin MP, Legros J, Sirois L, Vézina F, Tam A, Berteaux D. Survey of the vascular plants of Alert (Ellesmere Island, Canada), a polar desert at the northern tip of the Americas. CheckList 2021. [DOI: 10.15560/17.1.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term monitoring is critical to guide conservation strategies and assess the impacts of climatic changes and anthropogenic activities. In High Arctic ecosystems, information on distribution and population trends of plants is dramatically lacking. During two field expeditions in 2018 and 2019, we conducted a systematic floristic survey together with opportunistic collecting in the polar desert surrounding Alert (Nunavut, Canada) to update past vascular plant inventories. We recorded 58 species, of which 54 species were recorded over the last seven decades, and four species that are additions to the local flora (Draba pauciflora R. Brown, Festuca edlundiae S.G. Aiken, Consaul, & Lefkovitch, Festuca hyperborea Holmen ex Frederiksen, and ×Pucciphippsia vacillans (T. Fries) Tzvelev). With the addition of 19 species that were previously reported but not found in our survey, we estimate the species richness in the study area at 77 species.
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21
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O'Connor RS, Le Pogam A, Young KG, Robitaille F, Choy ES, Love OP, Elliott KH, Hargreaves AL, Berteaux D, Tam A, Vézina F. Limited heat tolerance in an Arctic passerine: Thermoregulatory implications for cold-specialized birds in a rapidly warming world. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1609-1619. [PMID: 33613993 PMCID: PMC7882984 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctic animals inhabit some of the coldest environments on the planet and have evolved physiological mechanisms for minimizing heat loss under extreme cold. However, the Arctic is warming faster than the global average and how well Arctic animals tolerate even moderately high air temperatures (T a) is unknown.Using flow-through respirometry, we investigated the heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity of snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis; ≈31 g, N = 42), a cold specialist, Arctic songbird. We exposed buntings to increasing T a and measured body temperature (T b), resting metabolic rate (RMR), rates of evaporative water loss (EWL), and evaporative cooling efficiency (the ratio of evaporative heat loss to metabolic heat production).Buntings had an average (±SD) T b of 41.3 ± 0.2°C at thermoneutral T a and increased T b to a maximum of 43.5 ± 0.3°C. Buntings started panting at T a of 33.2 ± 1.7°C, with rapid increases in EWL starting at T a = 34.6°C, meaning they experienced heat stress when air temperatures were well below their body temperature. Maximum rates of EWL were only 2.9× baseline rates at thermoneutral T a, a markedly lower increase than seen in more heat-tolerant arid-zone species (e.g., ≥4.7× baseline rates). Heat-stressed buntings also had low evaporative cooling efficiencies, with 95% of individuals unable to evaporatively dissipate an amount of heat equivalent to their own metabolic heat production.Our results suggest that buntings' well-developed cold tolerance may come at the cost of reduced heat tolerance. As the Arctic warms, and this and other species experience increased periods of heat stress, a limited capacity for evaporative cooling may force birds to increasingly rely on behavioral thermoregulation, such as minimizing activity, at the expense of diminished performance or reproductive investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. O'Connor
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et GéographieUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQCCanada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉASRimouskiCanada
- Centre d'études nordiquesRimouskiCanada
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du QuébecRimouskiCanada
| | - Audrey Le Pogam
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et GéographieUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQCCanada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉASRimouskiCanada
- Centre d'études nordiquesRimouskiCanada
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du QuébecRimouskiCanada
| | - Kevin G. Young
- Department of BiologyAdvanced Facility for Avian ResearchWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - Francis Robitaille
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et GéographieUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQCCanada
| | - Emily S. Choy
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesMcGill UniversityQCCanada
| | - Oliver P. Love
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WindsorWindsorONCanada
| | - Kyle H. Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesMcGill UniversityQCCanada
| | | | - Dominique Berteaux
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et GéographieUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQCCanada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉASRimouskiCanada
- Centre d'études nordiquesRimouskiCanada
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du QuébecRimouskiCanada
| | - Andrew Tam
- Department of National Defence, 8 Wing EnvironmentAstraONCanada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et GéographieUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQCCanada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉASRimouskiCanada
- Centre d'études nordiquesRimouskiCanada
- Centre de la science de la biodiversité du QuébecRimouskiCanada
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22
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Jimenez AG, Ruhs EC, Tobin KJ, Anderson KN, Le Pogam A, Regimbald L, Vézina F. Consequences of being phenotypically mismatched with the environment: no evidence of oxidative stress in cold- and warm-acclimated birds facing a cold spell. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb218826. [PMID: 32165437 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.218826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal changes in maximal thermogenic capacity (Msum) in wild black-capped chickadees suggests that adjustments in metabolic performance are slow and begin to take place before winter peaks. However, when mean minimal ambient temperature (Ta) reaches -10°C, the chickadee phenotype appears to provide enough spare capacity to endure days with colder Ta, down to -20°C or below. This suggests that birds could also maintain a higher antioxidant capacity as part of their cold-acclimated phenotype to deal with sudden decreases in temperature. Here, we tested how environmental mismatch affected oxidative stress by comparing cold-acclimated (-5°C) and transition (20°C) phenotypes in chickadees exposed to an acute 15°C drop in temperature with that of control individuals. We measured superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, as well as lipid peroxidation damage and antioxidant scavenging capacity in pectoralis muscle, brain, intestine and liver. We generally found differences between seasonal phenotypes and across tissues, but no differences with respect to an acute cold drop treatment. Our data suggest oxidative stress is closely matched to whole-animal physiology in cold-acclimated birds compared with transition birds, implying that changes to the oxidative stress system happen slowly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Cornelius Ruhs
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada G6V 0A6
| | - Kailey J Tobin
- Colgate University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, NY 13346 , USA
| | - Katie N Anderson
- Colgate University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, NY 13346 , USA
| | - Audrey Le Pogam
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada G6V 0A6
| | - Lyette Regimbald
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada G6V 0A6
| | - François Vézina
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada G6V 0A6
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23
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Vézina F, Cornelius Ruhs E, O'Connor ES, Le Pogam A, Régimbald L, Love OP, Jimenez AG. Consequences of being phenotypically mismatched with the environment: rapid muscle ultrastructural changes in cold-shocked black-capped chickadees ( Poecile atricapillus). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 318:R274-R283. [PMID: 31823671 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00203.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic flexibility has received considerable attention in the last decade; however, whereas many studies have reported amplitude of variation in phenotypic traits, much less attention has focused on the rate at which traits can adjust in response to sudden changes in the environment. We investigated whole animal and muscle phenotypic changes occurring in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) acclimated to cold (-5°C) and warm (20°C) temperatures in the first 3 h following a 15°C temperature drop (over 3 h). Before the temperature change, cold-acclimated birds were consuming 95% more food, were carrying twice as much body fat, and had 23% larger pectoralis muscle fiber diameters than individuals kept at 20°C. In the 3 h following the temperature drop, these same birds altered their pectoralis muscle ultrastructure by increasing the number of capillaries per fiber area and the number of nuclei per millimeter of fiber by 22%, consequently leading to a 22% decrease in myonuclear domain (amount of cytoplasm serviced per nucleus), whereas no such changes were observed in the warm-acclimated birds. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such a rapid adjustment in muscle fiber ultrastructure in vertebrates. These results support the hypothesis that chickadees maintaining a cold phenotype are better prepared than warm-phenotype individuals to respond to a sudden decline in temperature, such as what may be experienced in their natural wintering environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Vézina
- Départment de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Centre d'études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec Université du Québec à Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Emily Cornelius Ruhs
- Départment de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Centre d'études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec Université du Québec à Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Erin S O'Connor
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York
| | - Audrey Le Pogam
- Départment de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Centre d'études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec Université du Québec à Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Lyette Régimbald
- Départment de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BORÉAS, Centre d'études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec Université du Québec à Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Rouleau DM, Balg F, Benoit B, Leduc S, Malo M, Vézina F, Laflamme GY. Deltopectoral vs Deltoid Split Approach for Proximal HUmerus Fracture Fixation With Locking Plate: A Prospective RAndomized Study (HURA Study). JSES Open Access 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jses.2019.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mckinnon EA, Laplante MP, Love OP, Fraser KC, Mackenzie S, Vézina F. Tracking Landscape-Scale Movements of Snow Buntings and Weather-Driven Changes in Flock Composition During the Temperate Winter. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Cornelius Ruhs E, Vézina F, Karasov WH. Physiological and Immune Responses of Free-Living Temperate Birds Provided a Gradient of Food Supplementation. Physiol Biochem Zool 2019; 92:106-114. [PMID: 30601102 DOI: 10.1086/701389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Food availability might sometimes be unpredictable for wild birds. To alleviate this possible food limitation, millions of households in North America provide food supplementation to bird populations. However, the ecoimmunological impacts of this supplementation on free-living birds are largely unclear. Therefore, we compared immune function and body composition of three groups of free-living black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) that were provided either constant food supplementation ("supplemented"), interrupted food supplementation ("interrupted"), or no food supplementation ("unsupplemented"). At capture, all three groups had similar body mass and fat scores. All three groups also had similar levels of circulating immunoglobulin Y antibodies and complement lysis ability, two measures of constitutive immune function. Supplemented and interrupted groups mounted a somewhat similar body mass and temperature response to injection with lipopolysaccharide; however, the supplemented group had a higher haptoglobin (acute-phase protein) response to lipopolysaccharide injection compared to the interrupted group. This study demonstrates that birds maintained similar levels of fat despite their level of food supplementation; however, sudden removal of supplemental food might elicit a short-term decline in aspects of immunity. Future studies should investigate how food supplementation might impact induced or adaptive aspects of immune function to add to our understanding of immunology in free-living animals.
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Vézina F, Gerson AR, Guglielmo CG, Piersma T. The performing animal: causes and consequences of body remodeling and metabolic adjustments in red knots facing contrasting thermal environments. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R120-R131. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00453.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using red knots ( Calidris canutus) as a model, we determined how changes in mass and metabolic activity of organs relate to temperature-induced variation in metabolic performance. In cold-acclimated birds, we expected large muscles and heart as well as improved oxidative capacity and lipid transport, and we predicted that this would explain variation in maximal thermogenic capacity (Msum). We also expected larger digestive and excretory organs in these same birds and predicted that this would explain most of the variation in basal metabolic rate (BMR). Knots kept at 5°C were 20% heavier and maintained 1.5 times more body fat than individuals kept in thermoneutral conditions (25°C). The birds in the cold also had a BMR up to 32% higher and a Msum 16% higher than birds at 25°C. Organs were larger in the cold, with muscles and heart being 9–20% heavier and digestive and excretory organs being 21–36% larger than at thermoneutrality. Rather than the predicted digestive and excretory organs, the cold-induced increase in BMR correlated with changes in mass of the heart, pectoralis, and carcass. Msum varied positively with the mass of the pectoralis, supracoracoideus, and heart, highlighting the importance of muscles and cardiac function in cold endurance. Cold-acclimated knots also expressed upregulated capacity for lipid transport across mitochondrial membranes [carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)] in their pectoralis and leg muscles, higher lipid catabolism capacity in their pectoralis muscles [β-hydroxyacyl CoA-dehydrogenase (HOAD)], and elevated oxidative capacity in their liver and kidney (citrate synthase). These adjustments may have contributed to BMR through changes in metabolic intensity. Positive relationships among Msum, CPT, and HOAD in the heart also suggest indirect constraints on thermogenic capacity through limited cardiac capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Groupe de Recherche sur les Environnements Nordiques BOREAS, Centre d’Études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexander R. Gerson
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G. Guglielmo
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theunis Piersma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, Den Burg, The Netherlands; and
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Swanson DL, McKechnie AE, Vézina F. How low can you go? An adaptive energetic framework for interpreting basal metabolic rate variation in endotherms. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:1039-1056. [PMID: 28401293 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive explanations for both high and low body mass-independent basal metabolic rate (BMR) in endotherms are pervasive in evolutionary physiology, but arguments implying a direct adaptive benefit of high BMR are troublesome from an energetic standpoint. Here, we argue that conclusions about the adaptive benefit of BMR need to be interpreted, first and foremost, in terms of energetics, with particular attention to physiological traits on which natural selection is directly acting. We further argue from an energetic perspective that selection should always act to reduce BMR (i.e., maintenance costs) to the lowest level possible under prevailing environmental or ecological demands, so that high BMR per se is not directly adaptive. We emphasize the argument that high BMR arises as a correlated response to direct selection on other physiological traits associated with high ecological or environmental costs, such as daily energy expenditure (DEE) or capacities for activity or thermogenesis. High BMR thus represents elevated maintenance costs required to support energetically demanding lifestyles, including living in harsh environments. BMR is generally low under conditions of relaxed selection on energy demands for high metabolic capacities (e.g., thermoregulation, activity) or conditions promoting energy conservation. Under these conditions, we argue that selection can act directly to reduce BMR. We contend that, as a general rule, BMR should always be as low as environmental or ecological conditions permit, allowing energy to be allocated for other functions. Studies addressing relative reaction norms and response times to fluctuating environmental or ecological demands for BMR, DEE, and metabolic capacities and the fitness consequences of variation in BMR and other metabolic traits are needed to better delineate organismal metabolic responses to environmental or ecological selective forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Swanson
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.
| | - Andrew E McKechnie
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.,Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Rimouski, QC, Canada
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Cornelius EA, Vézina F, Regimbald L, Hallot F, Petit M, Love OP, Karasov WH. Chickadees Faced with Unpredictable Food Increase Fat Reserves but Certain Components of Their Immune Function Decline. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:299. [PMID: 28277964 DOI: 10.1086/691175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Petit M, Clavijo-Baquet S, Vézina F. Increasing Winter Maximal Metabolic Rate Improves Intrawinter Survival in Small Birds. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:166-177. [DOI: 10.1086/689274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cornelius EA, Vézina F, Regimbald L, Hallot F, Petit M, Love OP, Karasov WH. Chickadees Faced with Unpredictable Food Increase Fat Reserves but Certain Components of Their Immune Function Decline. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:190-200. [DOI: 10.1086/689913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Barceló G, Love OP, Vézina F. Uncoupling Basal and Summit Metabolic Rates in White-Throated Sparrows: Digestive Demand Drives Maintenance Costs, but Changes in Muscle Mass Are Not Needed to Improve Thermogenic Capacity. Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 90:153-165. [PMID: 28277963 DOI: 10.1086/689290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Avian basal metabolic rate (BMR) and summit metabolic rate (Msum) vary in parallel during cold acclimation and acclimatization, which implies a functional link between these variables. However, evidence suggests that these parameters may reflect different physiological systems acting independently. We tested this hypothesis in white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) acclimated to two temperatures (-8° and 28°C) and two diets (0% and 30% cellulose). We expected to find an uncoupling of Msum and BMR where Msum, a measure of maximal shivering heat production, would reflect muscle and heart mass variation and would respond only to temperature, while BMR would reflect changes in digestive and excretory organs in response to daily food intake, responding to both temperature and diet. We found that the gizzard, liver, kidneys, and intestines responded to treatments through a positive relationship with food intake. BMR was 15% higher in cold-acclimated birds and, as expected, varied with food intake and the mass of digestive and excretory organs. In contrast, although Msum was 19% higher in cold-acclimated birds, only heart mass responded to temperature (+18% in the cold). Pectoral muscles did not change in mass with temperature but were 8.2% lighter on the cellulose diet. Nevertheless, Msum varied positively with the mass of heart and skeletal muscles but only in cold-acclimated birds. Our results therefore suggest that an upregulation of muscle metabolic intensity is required for cold acclimation. This study increases support for the hypothesis that BMR and Msum reflect different physiological systems responding in parallel to constraints associated with cold environments.
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Benny A, Balg F, Svotelis A, Vézina F. Reconstruction of Overlengthening After Gastrocnemius Recession With an Achilles Tendon Allograft: Case Report. Foot Ankle Int 2016; 37:1249-1254. [PMID: 27344054 DOI: 10.1177/1071100716655354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Benny
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Balg
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amy Svotelis
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Parent ME, Vézina F, Carrier N, Giguère C, Masetto A. SAT0520 Indications and Clinical Impacts of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of The Knee in Older Patients: Are We Choosing Wisely? Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Roy N, Gaudreault N, Tousignant M, Vézina F, Boudreau N. Patellar taping alters knee kinematics during step descent in individuals with a meniscal injury: An exploratory study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2016; 31:74-8. [PMID: 26602961 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscus lesions are common musculoskeletal knee injuries which often lead to pain, limitation and compensations during functional tasks, such as descending stairs. This study investigated the effect of patellar taping with tension and without tension on three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of the knee during a slow step descent task in patients with meniscal lesions. METHODS Ten patients diagnosed with a meniscal lesion, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, underwent five, step descent movements at slow speed under three different conditions: 1) no taping; 2) tension-free taping; and 3) patellar taping with medial tension. 3D kinematic data were recorded from the injured knee using an eight-camera infrared Vicon motion analysis system. Maximum and minimum angle values and total range of motion (maximum/minimum value) in three movement planes during single-limb stance were compared using a repeated measure ANOVA. FINDINGS Results showed a significant increase in the maximum and minimum angle value in the sagittal plane (mean differences=2.4° and 4.2°, respectively) and a decrease in the transverse plane (-6.3° and -2.2°, respectively) for the patellar taping condition compared to the no taping condition. A decreased rotational angle range when comparing the patellar taping to the no taping (-4.1°) and tension-free taping (-3.1°) conditions was also observed. These changes remained significant when pain was considered as a covariate in the analysis. The tension applied to the patellar tape played a role in controlling the sagittal and transverse plane step-down movement among patients in our study. INTERPRETATION These results support the use of patellar taping with a medially oriented tension to help to reduce the transversal plane movement of the knee in this population and they bring new light to the taping effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Roy
- Université de Sherbrooke, Canada Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé (FMSS), 3001 12(e) Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Nathaly Gaudreault
- Université de Sherbrooke, Canada Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé (FMSS), 3001 12(e) Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Michel Tousignant
- Université de Sherbrooke, Canada Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé (FMSS), 3001 12(e) Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - François Vézina
- Université de Sherbrooke, Canada Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé (FMSS), 3001 12(e) Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Boudreau
- Université de Sherbrooke, Canada Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé (FMSS), 3001 12(e) Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Royer-Boutin P, Cortés PA, Milbergue M, Petit M, Vézina F. Estimation of Muscle Mass by Ultrasonography Differs between Observers and Life States of Models in Small Birds. Physiol Biochem Zool 2015; 88:336-44. [PMID: 25860831 DOI: 10.1086/680016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Royer-Boutin
- Département de Biologie, Chimie, et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada; 2Centre d'Études Nordiques, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; 3Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 567, Chile; 4Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
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Franci CD, Vézina F, Grégoire F, Rail JF, Verreault J. Nutritional stress in Northern gannets during an unprecedented low reproductive success year: Can extreme sea surface temperature event and dietary change be the cause? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 181:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cortés PA, Petit M, Lewden A, Milbergue M, Vézina F. Individual inconsistencies in basal and summit metabolic rate highlight flexibility of metabolic performance in a wintering passerine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 323:179-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Andrés Cortés
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja; Valdivia Chile
| | - Magali Petit
- Département de biologie; chimie et géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS; Rimouski Canada
- Centre d'Etudes Nordiques; Québec Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec; Montréal Canada
| | - Agnès Lewden
- Département de biologie; chimie et géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS; Rimouski Canada
| | - Myriam Milbergue
- Département de biologie; chimie et géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS; Rimouski Canada
- Centre d'Etudes Nordiques; Québec Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec; Montréal Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de biologie; chimie et géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS; Rimouski Canada
- Centre d'Etudes Nordiques; Québec Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec; Montréal Canada
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Petit M, Vézina F. Reaction norms in natural conditions: how does metabolic performance respond to weather variations in a small endotherm facing cold environments? PLoS One 2014; 9:e113617. [PMID: 25426860 PMCID: PMC4245212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction norms reflect an organisms' capacity to adjust its phenotype to the environment and allows for identifying trait values associated with physiological limits. However, reaction norms of physiological parameters are mostly unknown for endotherms living in natural conditions. Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) increase their metabolic performance during winter acclimatization and are thus good model to measure reaction norms in the wild. We repeatedly measured basal (BMR) and summit (Msum) metabolism in chickadees to characterize, for the first time in a free-living endotherm, reaction norms of these parameters across the natural range of weather variation. BMR varied between individuals and was weakly and negatively related to minimal temperature. Msum varied with minimal temperature following a Z-shape curve, increasing linearly between 24°C and −10°C, and changed with absolute humidity following a U-shape relationship. These results suggest that thermal exchanges with the environment have minimal effects on maintenance costs, which may be individual-dependent, while thermogenic capacity is responding to body heat loss. Our results suggest also that BMR and Msum respond to different and likely independent constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Petit
- Département de Biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski (Québec), G5L 3A1, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BOREAS, Rimouski (Québec), Canada
- Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Montréal (Québec), Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski (Québec), G5L 3A1, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BOREAS, Rimouski (Québec), Canada
- Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Montréal (Québec), Canada
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Devost I, Hallot F, Milbergue M, Petit M, Vézina F. Lipid metabolites as markers of fattening rate in a non-migratory passerine: Effects of ambient temperature and individual variation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 177:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Petit M, Lewden A, Vézina F. How does flexibility in body composition relate to seasonal changes in metabolic performance in a small passerine wintering at northern latitude? Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:539-49. [PMID: 24940918 DOI: 10.1086/676669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Small avian species wintering at northern latitudes typically show increases in basal metabolic rate (BMR) and maximal thermogenic capacity (Msum). Those are widely assumed to reflect changes in body composition, with enlargement of digestive and excretory organs resulting in elevated winter BMR and larger body muscles driving the increase in Msum. Using free-living black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) as our model species, we investigated seasonal changes in body composition and tested for relationships between mass variations of body organs and variability of both BMR and Msum. Our results confirmed the expected winter increase in mass of body muscles and cardiopulmonary organs (heart + lungs) and showed that 64% of the observed Msum variations throughout the year were explained by changes in these organs. In contrast, we found little support for an effect of the digestive organs (gizzard + intestines) on BMR seasonal changes. Instead, this variable was mainly influenced by variations in mass of body muscles and excretory organs (liver + kidney), explaining up to 35% of its variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Petit
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada; 2Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
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Milot E, Cohen AA, Vézina F, Buehler DM, Matson KD, Piersma T. A novel integrative method for measuring body condition in ecological studies based on physiological dysregulation. Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Milot
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS; Département de Médecine de famille et de médecine d'urgence; Université de Sherbrooke; CHUS Fleurimont 3001 12 e Ave N Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS; Département de Médecine de famille et de médecine d'urgence; Université de Sherbrooke; CHUS Fleurimont 3001 12 e Ave N Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, chimie et géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; 300 allée des Ursulines Rimouski QC G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Deborah M. Buehler
- Office of the Vice President; Research and Innovation; University of Toronto; 12 Queen's Park Crescent Toronto ON M5S 1S8 Canada
| | - Kevin D. Matson
- Animal Ecology Group; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies; University of Groningen; Post Box 11103 9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Theunis Piersma
- Animal Ecology Group; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies; University of Groningen; Post Box 11103 9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
- Department of Marine Ecology; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ); PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg Texel the Netherlands
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Petit M, Lewden A, Vézina F. Intra-seasonal flexibility in avian metabolic performance highlights the uncoupling of basal metabolic rate and thermogenic capacity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68292. [PMID: 23840843 PMCID: PMC3695913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stochastic winter weather events are predicted to increase in occurrence and amplitude at northern latitudes and organisms are expected to cope through phenotypic flexibility. Small avian species wintering in these environments show acclimatization where basal metabolic rate (BMR) and maximal thermogenic capacity (MSUM) are typically elevated. However, little is known on intra-seasonal variation in metabolic performance and on how population trends truly reflect individual flexibility. Here we report intra-seasonal variation in metabolic parameters measured at the population and individual levels in black-capped chickadees (Poecileatricapillus). Results confirmed that population patterns indeed reflect flexibility at the individual level. They showed the expected increase in BMR (6%) and MSUM (34%) in winter relative to summer but also, and most importantly, that these parameters changed differently through time. BMR began its seasonal increase in November, while MSUM had already achieved more than 20% of its inter-seasonal increase by October, and declined to its starting level by March, while MSUM remained high. Although both parameters co-vary on a yearly scale, this mismatch in the timing of variation in winter BMR and MSUM likely reflects different constraints acting on different physiological components and therefore suggests a lack of functional link between these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Petit
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
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Petit M, Vézina F. Phenotype manipulations confirm the role of pectoral muscles and haematocrit in avian maximal thermogenic capacity. J Exp Biol 2013; 217:824-30. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.095703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
In small resident bird species living at northern latitudes, winter cold acclimatization is associated with an increase in pectoral muscle size and haematocrit level and this is thought to drive the seasonal increase in summit metabolic rate (Msum, a measure of maximal shivering thermogenic capacity). However, evidences suggesting that pectoral muscle size influences Msum are correlational and the link between haematrocrit level and Msum remains to be demonstrated. We experimentally tested the relationship between pectoral muscle size and Msum by manipulating muscle size using a feather clipping protocol in free-living wintering black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus). This also allowed us to investigate the link between haematocrit and thermogenic capacity. After a first series of measures on all birds, we cut half of the flight feathers of experimental individuals (n = 14) and compared their fat and pectoral muscle scores, Msum and haematocrit level at recapture with their previous measures and with those of control birds (n = 17) that were captured and recaptured at comparable times. Results showed 1) that experimental birds developed larger pectoral muscles than control individuals and 2) that mass-independent Msum was up to 16% higher in birds expressing large pectoral muscles. Msum was also positively correlated with haematocrit, which was not affected by the experimental manipulation. These findings demonstrate that, for a given body mass, large pectoral muscles are associated with a higher Msum in black-capped chickadees and that oxygen carrying capacity likely supports thermogenesis in this species.
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Buehler DM, Vézina F, Goymann W, Schwabl I, Versteegh M, Tieleman BI, Piersma T. Independence among physiological traits suggests flexibility in the face of ecological demands on phenotypes. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1600-13. [PMID: 22686517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic flexibility allows animals to adjust their physiology to diverse environmental conditions encountered over the year. Examining how these varying traits covary gives insights into potential constraints or freedoms that may shape evolutionary trajectories. In this study, we examined relationships among haematocrit, baseline corticosterone concentration, constitutive immune function and basal metabolic rate in red knot Calidris canutus islandica individuals subjected to experimentally manipulated temperature treatments over an entire annual cycle. If covariation among traits is constrained, we predict consistent covariation within and among individuals. We further predict consistent correlations between physiological and metabolic traits if constraints underlie species-level patterns found along the slow-fast pace-of-life continuum. We found no consistent correlations among haematocrit, baseline corticosterone concentration, immune function and basal metabolic rate either within or among individuals. This provides no evidence for constraints limiting relationships among these measures of the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune and metabolic systems in individual red knots. Rather, our data suggest that knots are free to adjust individual parts of their physiology independently. This makes good sense if one places the animal within its ecological context where different aspects of the environment might put different pressures on different aspects of physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Buehler
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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46
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Vézina F, Williams TD, Piersma T, Guy Morrison RI. Phenotypic compromises in a long-distance migrant during the transition from migration to reproduction in the High Arctic. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lewden A, Petit M, Vézina F. Dominant black-capped chickadees pay no maintenance energy costs for their wintering status and are not better at enduring cold than subordinate individuals. J Comp Physiol B 2011; 182:381-92. [PMID: 22037961 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Winter requires physiological adjustments in northern resident passerines. Cold acclimatization is generally associated with an increase in physiological maintenance costs, measured as basal metabolic rate (BMR), and cold endurance, reflected by summit metabolic rate (M(sum)). However, several northern species also form social groups in winter and a bird's hierarchical position may influence the size of its metabolically active organs as well as its BMR. Winter metabolic performance in these species may therefore reflect a complex set of adjustments to both seasonal climatic variations and social environment. We studied the effect of social status on parameters of cold acclimatization (body mass, size of fat reserves and pectoral muscles, BMR and M(sum)) in free-living black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus). Birds that were structurally large and heavy for their body size, mostly dominant individuals, carried more fat reserves and had larger pectoral muscles. However, social status had little effect on metabolic performance in the cold. Indeed, M(sum) was independent of social rank while mass-corrected BMR was slightly lower in dominant individuals, likely due to a statistical dilution effect caused by large metabolically inactive fat reserves. BMR and M(sum), whether considered in terms of whole-animal values, corrected for body mass or body size were nevertheless correlated, suggesting a functional link between these metabolic components. Our results therefore indicate that the energy cost of social dominance is not a generalized phenomenon in small wintering birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Lewden
- Département de Biologie, chimie et géographie, Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
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Vézina F, Salvante KG. Behavioral and physiological flexibility are used by birds to manage energy and support investment in the early stages of reproduction. Curr Zool 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/czoolo/56.6.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interest in phenotypic flexibility has increased dramatically over the last decade, but flexibility during reproduction has received relatively little attention from avian scientists, despite its possible impact on fitness. Because most avian species maintain atrophied reproductive organs when not active, reproduction in birds requires major tissue remodeling in preparation for breeding. Females undergo rapid (days) recrudescence and regression of their reproductive organs at each breeding attempt, while males grow their organs ahead of time at a much slower rate (weeks) and may maintain them at maximal size throughout the breeding season. Reproduction is associated with significant metabolic costs. Egg production leads to a 22%-27% increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) over non-reproductive values. This is partly due to the activity of the oviduct, an organ that may allow females to adjust reproductive investment by modulating egg size and quality. In males, gonadal recrudescence may lead to a 30% increase in RMR, but the data are inconsistent and general conclusions regarding energetic costs of reproduction in males will require more research. Recent studies on captive female zebra finches describe the impacts of these costs on daily energy budgets and highlight the strategies used by birds to maintain their investment in reproduction when energy is limited. Whenever possible, birds use behavioral flexibility as a first means of saving energy. Decreasing locomotor activity saves energy during challenges such as egg production or exposure to cold temperatures and is an efficient way to buffer variation in individual daily energy budgets. However, when behavioral flexibility is not possible, birds must rely on flexibility at the physiological level to meet energy demands. In zebra finches breeding in the cold, this results in a reduced pace of laying, likely due to down-regulation of both reproductive and non-reproductive function, allowing females to defend minimal egg size and maintain reproductive success. More research involving a range of species in captive and free-living conditions is needed to determine how phenotypic flexibility during tissue remodeling and early reproductive investment translates to natural conditions and affects fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Vézina
- Département de Biologie, chimie et géographie, Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, Canada, G5L 3A1
| | - Katrina G. Salvante
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
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Salvante KG, Vézina F, Williams TD. Evidence for within-individual energy reallocation in cold-challenged, egg-producing birds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:1991-2000. [PMID: 20511512 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.036319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the metabolic cost of avian egg production involves a 16-27% increase in metabolic rate (MR) above non-reproductive basal or resting values (BMR and RMR, respectively). To determine how the metabolic cost of egg production interacted with the costs of other essential processes (such as cold acclimation and active heat production), we measured the MR of non-breeding and egg-producing zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) while (a) warm-acclimated (to 19-21 degrees C) and measured within their thermoneutral zone (at 35 degrees C), (b) cold-acclimated (to 7 degrees C) and measured at thermoneutrality (at 35 degrees C, i.e. not actively producing heat), and (c) cold-acclimated and measured below thermoneutrality (at 7 degrees C) (i.e. during active heat production). The metabolic cost of egg production was small (24% above BMR) compared with the additive costs of cold acclimation and active heat production (224% above BMR). Exposure to low ambient temperatures was accompanied by an increase in seed consumption (by 72%) and a decrease in locomotor activity (by 72%) compared with warm-acclimated, non-breeding values. By contrast, egg production in heat-producing females was associated with an 11% decrease in MR and a 22% decrease in seed consumption compared with non-breeding thermoregulating values. Our data suggest that while the increase in MR associated with egg production is small in relation to the birds' capacity to increase MR in response to other energetically demanding processes, the addition of egg production to these metabolically costly activities may be enough to necessitate the use of energy-saving strategies, such as internal energy reallocation, to cope with the additional energetic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina G Salvante
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5A 1S6.
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Petit M, Vézina F, Piersma T. Ambient temperature does not affect fuelling rate in absence of digestive constraints in long-distance migrant shorebird fuelling up in captivity. J Comp Physiol B 2010; 180:847-56. [PMID: 20339851 PMCID: PMC2903708 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-010-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pre-flight fuelling rates in free-living red knots Calidris canutus, a specialized long-distance migrating shorebird species, are positively correlated with latitude and negatively with temperature. The single published hypothesis to explain these relationships is the heat load hypothesis that states that in warm climates red knots may overheat during fuelling. To limit endogenous heat production (measurable as basal metabolic rate BMR), birds would minimize the growth of digestive organs at a time they need. This hypothesis makes the implicit assumption that BMR is mainly driven by digestive organ size variation during pre-flight fuelling. To test the validity of this assumption, we fed captive knots with trout pellet food, a diet previously shown to quickly lead to atrophied digestive organs, during a fuelling episode. Birds were exposed to two thermal treatments (6 and 24°C) previously shown to generate different fuelling rates in knots. We made two predictions. First, easily digested trout pellet food rather than hard-shelled prey removes the heat contribution of the gut and would therefore eliminate an ambient temperature effect on fuelling rate. Second, if digestive organs were the main contributors to variations in BMR but did not change in size during fuelling, we would expect no or little change in BMR in birds fed ad libitum with trout pellets. We show that cold-acclimated birds maintained higher body mass and food intake (8 and 51%) than warm-acclimated birds. Air temperature had no effect on fuelling rate, timing of fuelling, timing of peak body mass or BMR. During fuelling, average body mass increased by 32% while average BMR increased by 15% at peak of mass and 26% by the end of the experiment. Our results show that the small digestive organs characteristic of a trout pellet diet did not prevent BMR from increasing during premigratory fuelling. Our results are not consistent with the heat load hypothesis as currently formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Petit
- Department of Marine Ecology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands.
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