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Dunowska M, More GD, Biggs PJ, Cave NJ. Genomic analysis of canine pneumoviruses and canine respiratory coronavirus from New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:191-200. [PMID: 38650102 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2024.2339845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and canine pneumovirus (CnPnV) in cell culture and to compare partial genomic sequences of CRCoV and CnPnV from New Zealand with those from other countries. METHODS Oropharyngeal swab samples from dogs affected by canine infectious respiratory disease syndrome that were positive for CnPnV (n = 15) or CRCoV (n = 1) by virus-specific reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in a previous study comprised the starting material. Virus isolation was performed in HRT-18 cells for CRCoV and RAW 264.7 and Vero cells for CnPnV. The entire sequence of CnPnV G protein (1,266 nucleotides) and most (8,063/9,707 nucleotides) of the 3' region of CRCoV that codes for 10 structural and accessory proteins were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were analysed and compared with other sequences available in GenBank using standard molecular tools including phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Virus isolation was unsuccessful for both CRCoV and CnPnV. Pneumovirus G protein was amplified from 3/15 (20%) samples that were positive for CnPnV RNA by RT-qPCR. Two of these (NZ-048 and NZ-049) were 100% identical to each other, and 90.9% identical to the third one (NZ-007). Based on phylogenetic analysis of the G protein gene, CnPnV NZ-048 and NZ-049 clustered with sequences from the USA, Thailand and Italy in group A, and CnPnV NZ-007 clustered with sequences from the USA in group B. The characteristics of the predicted genes (length, position) and their putative protein products (size, predicted structure, presence of N- and O-glycosylation sites) of the New Zealand CRCoV sequence were consistent with those reported previously, except for the region located between open reading frame (ORF)3 (coding for S protein) and ORF6 (coding for E protein). The New Zealand virus was predicted to encode 5.9 kDa, 27 kDa and 12.7 kDa proteins, which differed from the putative coding capacity of this region reported for CRCoV from other countries. CONCLUSIONS This report represents the first characterisation of partial genomic sequences of CRCoV and CnPnV from New Zealand. Our results suggest that the population of CnPnV circulating in New Zealand is not homogeneous, and that the viruses from two clades described overseas are also present here. Limited conclusions can be made based on only one CRCoV sequence, but the putative differences in the coding capacity of New Zealand CRCoV support the previously reported variability of this region. The reasons for such variability and its biological implications need to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunowska
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - G D More
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - P J Biggs
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - N J Cave
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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2
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Sarchese V, Palombieri A, Prandi I, Robetto S, Bertolotti L, Capucchio MT, Orusa R, Mauthe von Degerfeld M, Quaranta G, Vacchetta M, Martella V, Di Martino B, Di Profio F. Molecular Surveillance for Bocaparvoviruses and Bufaviruses in the European Hedgehog ( Erinaceus europaeus). Microorganisms 2024; 12:189. [PMID: 38258015 PMCID: PMC10819369 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of bocaparvoviruses (BoVs) and bufaviruses (BuVs) in the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) was investigated by screening duodenal and liver samples collected from 183 carcasses, delivered to wildlife rescue centers located in northwestern Italy. BoV DNA was detected in 15 animals (8.2%), with prevalences of 7.1% (13/183) and 2.7% (5/183) in intestine and liver samples, respectively. Upon the sequence analyses of the NS1 gene, two highly divergent BoVs (65.5-67.8% nt identities) were identified. Fourteen strains showed the highest identity (98.3-99.4% nt) to the hedgehog BoV strains recently detected in China in Amur hedgehogs (Erinaceus amurensis), whilst four strains were genetically related (98.9-99.4% nt identities) to the porcine BoVs identified in pigs and classified in the species Bocaparvovirus ungulate 4, which included related viruses also found in rats, minks, shrews, and mice. BuV DNA was detected in the duodenal samples of two hedgehogs, with a prevalence rate of 1.1%. The nearly full-length genome of two BuV strains, Hedgehog/331DU-2022/ITA and Hedgehog/1278DU/2019/ITA, was reconstructed. Upon phylogenetic analysis based on the NS and VP aa sequences, the Italian hedgehog BuVs tightly clustered with the BuVs recently identified in the Chinese Amur hedgehogs, within a potential novel candidate species of the genus Protoparvovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Sarchese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (V.S.); (A.P.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Andrea Palombieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (V.S.); (A.P.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Ilaria Prandi
- Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C.), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.P.); (M.T.C.); (M.M.v.D.); (G.Q.)
| | - Serena Robetto
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Malattie degli Animali Selvatici (CeRMAS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d’Aosta, 11020 Quart, AO, Italy; (S.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C.), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.P.); (M.T.C.); (M.M.v.D.); (G.Q.)
| | - Riccardo Orusa
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Malattie degli Animali Selvatici (CeRMAS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d’Aosta, 11020 Quart, AO, Italy; (S.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Mitzy Mauthe von Degerfeld
- Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C.), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.P.); (M.T.C.); (M.M.v.D.); (G.Q.)
| | - Giuseppe Quaranta
- Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C.), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.P.); (M.T.C.); (M.M.v.D.); (G.Q.)
| | | | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy;
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (V.S.); (A.P.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (V.S.); (A.P.); (B.D.M.)
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3
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Yondo A, Kalantari AA, Fernandez-Marrero I, McKinney A, Naikare HK, Velayudhan BT. Predominance of Canine Parainfluenza Virus and Mycoplasma in Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex in Dogs. Pathogens 2023; 12:1356. [PMID: 38003820 PMCID: PMC10675171 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is caused by different viruses and bacteria. Viruses associated with CIRDC include canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine herpesvirus type 1 (CHV-1), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV). Bacteria associated with CIRDC include Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus), and Mycoplasma spp. The present study examined the prevalence of CIRDC pathogens in specimens received by a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Georgia, USA., from 2018 to 2022. Out of 459 cases, viral agents were detected in 34% of cases and bacterial agents were detected in 58% of cases. A single pathogen was detected in 31% of cases, while two or more pathogens were identified in 24% of cases. The percentages of viral agents identified were CAV-2 (4%), CDV (3%), CPIV (16%), CRCoV (7%), and CIV (2%). The percentages of bacterial agents were B. bronchiseptica (10%), Mycoplasma canis (24%), Mycoplasma cynos (21%), and S. zooepidemicus (2%). Over the five-year period, the positive cases ranged from 2-4% for CAV-2, 1-7% for CDV, 1-4% for CHV-1, 9-22% for CPIV, 4-13% for CRCoV, and 1-4% for CIV. Overall, the most prevalent pathogens associated with CIRDC were CPIV, M. canis, and M. cynos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelle Yondo
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Allen A. Kalantari
- Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA (H.K.N.)
| | - Ingrid Fernandez-Marrero
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Amy McKinney
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hemant K. Naikare
- Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA (H.K.N.)
| | - Binu T. Velayudhan
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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4
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Capozza P, Buonavoglia A, Pratelli A, Martella V, Decaro N. Old and Novel Enteric Parvoviruses of Dogs. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050722. [PMID: 37242392 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus infections have been well known for around 100 years in domestic carnivores. However, the use of molecular assays and metagenomic approaches for virus discovery and characterization has led to the detection of novel parvovirus species and/or variants in dogs. Although some evidence suggests that these emerging canine parvoviruses may act as primary causative agents or as synergistic pathogens in the diseases of domestic carnivores, several aspects regarding epidemiology and virus-host interaction remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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5
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Pacini MI, Mazzei M, Sgorbini M, D’Alfonso R, Papini RA. A One-Year Retrospective Analysis of Viral and Parasitological Agents in Wildlife Animals Admitted to a First Aid Hospital. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050931. [PMID: 36899788 PMCID: PMC10000059 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide information on the presence and frequency of viral and parasitic agents in wildlife presented to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in 2020-2021. Serum and faecal samples were collected from 50 rescued animals (roe deer, fallow deer, foxes, badgers, pine martens, and porcupines) and examined by serological, molecular, and parasitological techniques. Transtracheal wash (TTW) was also collected post-mortem from roe deer. Overall, the results of the different techniques showed infections with the following viral and parasitic agents: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Small Ruminant Lentiviruses, Kobuvirus, Astrovirus, Canine Adenovirus 1, Bopivirus, gastrointestinal strongyles, Capillaria, Ancylostomatidae, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Hymenolepis, Strongyloides, Eimeria, Isospora, Dictyocaulus, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Crenosoma, Dirofilaria immitis, Neospora caninum, Giardia duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium. Sequencing (Tpi locus) identified G. duodenalis sub-assemblages AI and BIV in one roe deer and one porcupine, respectively. Adult lungworms collected from the TTW were identified as Dictyocaulus capreolus (COX1 gene). This is the first molecular identification of G. duodenalis sub-assemblage AI and D. capreolus in roe deer in Italy. These results show a wide presence of pathogens in wild populations and provide an overview of environmental health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Irene Pacini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella D’Alfonso
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Amerigo Papini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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6
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Dai Z, Wang H, Wu H, Zhang Q, Ji L, Wang X, Shen Q, Yang S, Ma X, Shan T, Zhang W. Parvovirus dark matter in the cloaca of wild birds. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad001. [PMID: 36734170 PMCID: PMC9896142 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing technology, more and more novel parvoviruses have been identified in recent years, including even entirely new lineages. The Parvoviridae family includes a different group of viruses that can infect a wide variety of animals. In this study, systematic analysis was performed to identify the "dark matter" (datasets that cannot be easily attributed to known viruses) of parvoviruses and to explore their genetic diversity from wild birds' cloacal swab samples. We have tentatively defined this parvovirus "dark matter" as a highly divergent lineage in the Parvoviridae family. All parvoviruses showed several characteristics, including 2 major protein-coding genes and similar genome lengths. Moreover, we observed that the novel parvo-like viruses share similar genome organizations to most viruses in Parvoviridae but could not clustered with the established subfamilies in phylogenetic analysis. We also found some new members associated with the Bidnaviridae family, which may be derived from parvovirus. This suggests that systematic analysis of domestic and wild animal samples is necessary to explore the genetic diversity of parvoviruses and to mine for more of this potential dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China
| | - Haoning Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China
| | - Haisheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- Qinghai Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 810099, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Qinghai Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 810099, China
| | - Likai Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Shixing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Qinghai Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 810099, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 810099, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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7
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Ou J, Li J, Wang X, Zhong L, Xu L, Xie J, Lu G, Li S. Genetic characterization of three recently discovered parvoviruses circulating in equines in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1033107. [PMID: 36570511 PMCID: PMC9773246 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1033107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Parvoviridae comprises many major viral pathogens that can infect humans and multiple other species, causing severe diseases. However, knowledge of parvoviruses that infect equids is limited. In the present study, we found that three equine parvoviruses (EqPVs), namely, equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H), equine parvovirus-cerebrospinal fluid (EqPV-CSF) and equine copivirus (EqCoPV) cocirculated among horses in China. We examined the prevalence of these three EqPVs in 225 horse serum samples in China and found EqPV-H, EqPV-CSF and EqCoPV viremia in 7.6% (17/225), 2.7% (6/225) and 2.2% of samples (5/225), respectively. We also obtained the complete genomes of one EqPV-H strain, six EqPV-CSF strains and one EqCoPV strain. After phylogenetic analysis of the EqPVs, we found that EqPV-CSF and EqCoPV may have evolved from the same ancestor. The EqPV-CSF strains (E111 and A27) and EqCoPV strain (F124) were genetically similar to foreign strains, but the EqPV-CSF strains (B48, E96, C61 and F146) comprised unique clades. This study determined the prevalence of three EqPVs in Chinese horses and analyzed the genetic characteristics of EqPVs prevalent strains in Chinese horse herds. Our data provide a theoretical basis for follow-up research on the prevention and control of EqPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaJun Ou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghao Li
- Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lintao Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China,Gang Lu
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shoujun Li
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8
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Sobhy NM, Armién AG, Pilot J, Singh V, Padhi SK, Muldoon D, Goyal SM, Mor SK. Detection and molecular characterization of astro and bocaviruses in dogs in Minnesota. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 81:101740. [PMID: 34971935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine astrovirus (CAstV) and canine bocavirus (CBoV) are involved in cases of mild, and sometimes severe, gastroenteritis in dogs. Fecal samples from two dead dogs with gastroenteritis were received at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory to determine the cause of death. Small round viruses of 20-35 nm diameter were observed by negative contrast electron microscopy. The samples were subjected to Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Both samples were strongly positive for CAstV; all viral reads were related to CAstV. In addition, sample number 1 had a few reads of CBoV. Two complete sequences of CAstV were identified (6625 and 6627 nt in length) with 95% nt identity. RT-PCR and PCR were used to confirm CAstV and CBoV infections in successive samples of canine gastroenteritis. Sanger sequencing was done on nucleic acids from positive samples. Of a total of ten samples, CAstV and CBoV infections were confirmed in six and eight animals, respectively. Four animals had mixed infection with both viruses. All sequences of ORF1b gene of CAstVs showed closest clusters in phylogenetic tree with 96-100% nucleotide and amino acids identity. On the other hand, identity between VP2 gene of different CBoV strains in this study ranged from 93%- 100%. All strains were located close to each other except the divergent MT078234 strain, which was arranged in a separate branch and was closer to reference strain JN648103/USA/2010. This study highlights the importance of electron microscopy and next generation sequencing for early detection and characterization of viruses associated with dog gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Sobhy
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt
| | - A G Armién
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J Pilot
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - V Singh
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - S K Padhi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - D Muldoon
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - S M Goyal
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - S K Mor
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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9
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Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Lopez-Astacio RA, Parrish CR, Van de Walle GR. Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance. Virol J 2021; 18:210. [PMID: 34689822 PMCID: PMC8542416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the Latin expression "sed parva forti" meaning "small but mighty," the family Parvoviridae contains many of the smallest known viruses, some of which result in fatal or debilitating infections. In recent years, advances in metagenomic viral discovery techniques have dramatically increased the identification of novel parvoviruses in both diseased and healthy individuals. While some of these discoveries have solved etiologic mysteries of well-described diseases in animals, many of the newly discovered parvoviruses appear to cause mild or no disease, or disease associations remain to be established. With the increased use of animal parvoviruses as vectors for gene therapy and oncolytic treatments in humans, it becomes all the more important to understand the diversity, pathogenic potential, and evolution of this diverse family of viruses. In this review, we discuss parvoviruses infecting vertebrate animals, with a special focus on pathogens of veterinary significance and viruses discovered within the last four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C Jager
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joy E Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A Lopez-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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10
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First detection of feline bocaparvovirus 2 and feline chaphamaparvovirus in healthy cats in Turkey. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:127-136. [PMID: 34553342 PMCID: PMC8457779 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pet cat’s population and the number of viruses that infect them are increasing worldwide. Recently, feline chaphamaparvovirus (FeChPV, also called fechavirus) and feline bocaparvovirus (FBoV) infections, which are novel parvovirus species, have been reported in cats from different geographic regions. Here, we investigated FBoV 1–3 and FeChPVs in healthy cats in Turkey using PCR, where nuclear phosphoprotein 1 (NP1) is targeted for FBoV and NP for FeChPV. For this purpose, oropharygeal swabs were obtained from 70 healthy cats with different housing status from June 15 to December 1, 2020. After PCR screening tests, six out of 70 cats (5/47 shelter cats; 1/23 domestic cats) were found to be positive for FBOV, while two were positive for FeChPV (1/47 shelter cats; 1/23 domestic cats). No cat was found in which both viruses were detected. The nucleotide (nt) sequence comparison in the 310 base pair (bp) NP gene of the two FeChPVs identified in this study shared a high identity with each other (95.0% nt and 99% aa identities) and with previously reported FeChPVs (92.4–97.1% nt and 98.1–99.0% aa identities), including 313R/2019/ITA, 49E/2019/ITA, VRI_849, 284R/2019/ITA, and IDEXX-1. Here, the near-full length (1489 nt, 495 amino acids-aa) of the VP2 gene of the FechaV/Tur-2020/68 isolate obtained from the study was also sequenced. The nt and aa identity ratio of this isolate with other FeChPVs was 98.0–98.5%-96–96.5%, respectively. Sequences of the 465 bp NP1 gene of the six Turkish FBoV strains shared high identities with each other (99.6–100% nt and 99.3–100% aa identities) and with those of FBoV-2 strains (97.8–99.1% nt and 98.0–100% aa identities), including 16SY0701, 17CC0505-BoV2, HFXA-6, and POR1. All FBoVs detected in this study were classified as genotype 2, similar to the study conducted in Japan and Portugal. Here, the NS1 (partial), NP1, VP1 and VP2 gene of the FBoV-2/TUR/2020–14 strain obtained from the study were also sequenced and the nt and aa sequences showed high identities to the above-mentioned FBoV-2 strain/isolates (> 96%, except for the aa ratio of strain 16SY0701). In conclusion, this study shows that FBoV and FeChPV are present in healthy cats in Turkey, and these viruses can be detected from oropharyngeal swabs. Our findings contribute to further investigation of the prevalence, genotype distribution, and genetic diversity of Turkish FBoVs and FeChPVs, adding to the molecular epidemiology of FBoV and FeChPVs worldwide.
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Canine bocavirus-2 infection and its possible association with encephalopathy in domestic dogs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255425. [PMID: 34383794 PMCID: PMC8360608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine bocaviruses (CBoVs) have been recognized as pathogens associated with intestinal diseases. Hematogenous spreading caused by CBoV has been documented and may potentiate the virus entry across the blood-brain barrier to initiate a brain infection. This study focused attention on CBoV detection in cases of encepahlopathy and attempted to determine its viral localization. A total of 107 dog brains that histologically exhibited encephalopathy (ED) were investigated for the presence of CBoVs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty-three histologically normal brain samples from dogs were used as a control group (CD). CBoV-2 was detected in 15 ED dogs (14.02%) but not in CD dogs (p = 0.02), while no CBoV-1 and -3 were detected. Among the CBoV-2 positive dogs, brain histological changes were characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis, with inclusion body-like materials in some brains. In situ hybridization (ISH) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of CBoV-2 viral particles in glial cells, supporting neurotropism of this virus. ISH signals were also detected in the intestines, lymphoid organs, and the heart, suggesting both enteral and parenteral infections of this virus. Whole genome characterization and evolutionary analysis revealed genetic diversity of CBoV-2 sequences and it was varying among the different countries where the virus was detected. This study points to a possible association of CBoV-2 with encephalopathy in dogs. It also highlights the genetic diversity and cellular tropism of this virus.
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More GD, Cave NJ, Biggs PJ, Acke E, Dunowska M. A molecular survey of canine respiratory viruses in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2021; 69:224-233. [PMID: 33840356 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2021.1915211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to identify viruses associated with canine infectious respiratory disease syndrome (CIRDS) among a population of New Zealand dogs. METHODS Convenience samples of oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 116 dogs, including 56 CIRDS-affected and 60 healthy dogs from various locations in New Zealand between March 2014 and February 2016. Pooled samples from CIRDS-affected (n = 50) and from healthy (n = 50) dogs were tested for the presence of canine respiratory viruses using next generation sequencing (NGS). Individual samples (n = 116) were then tested by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR) for specific viruses. Groups were compared using Fisher's exact or χ2 tests. The effect of explanatory variables (age, sex, type of household, presence of viral infection) on the response variable (CIRDS-affected or not) was tested using RR. RESULTS Canine pneumovirus (CnPnV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1), canine picornavirus and influenza C virus sequences were identified by NGS in the pooled sample from CIRDS-affected but not healthy dogs. At least one virus was detected by qPCR/RT-qPCR in 20/56 (36%) samples from CIRDS dogs and in 23/60 (38%) samples from healthy dogs (p = 0.84). CIRDS-affected dogs were most commonly positive for CnPnV (14/56, 25%) followed by canine adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2, 5/56, 9%), canine parainfluenza virus (CpiV) and CHV-1 (2/56, 4% each), and CRCoV (1/56, 2%). Only CnPnV (17/60, 28%) and CAdV-2 (14/60, 23%) were identified in samples from healthy dogs, and CAdV-2 was more likely to be detected healthy than diseased dogs (RR 0.38; 95% CI = 0.15-0.99; p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of detection of viruses traditionally linked to CIRDS (CAdV-2 and CPiV) among diseased dogs was low. This suggests that other pathogens are likely to have contributed to development of CIRDS among sampled dogs. Our data represent the first detection of CnPnV in New Zealand, but the role of this virus in CIRDS remains unclear. On-going monitoring of canine respiratory pathogens by NGS would be beneficial, as it allows rapid detection of novel viruses that may be introduced to the New Zealand canine population in the future. Such monitoring could be done using pooled samples to minimise costs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Testing for novel respiratory viruses such as CnPnV and CRCoV should be considered in all routine laboratory investigations of CIRDS cases, particularly in dogs vaccinated with currently available kennel cough vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D More
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - N J Cave
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - P J Biggs
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,School of Fundamental Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - E Acke
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M Dunowska
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Emerging Parvoviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061077. [PMID: 34200079 PMCID: PMC8229815 DOI: 10.3390/v13061077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus infections in cats have been well known for around 100 years. Recently, the use of molecular assays and metagenomic approaches for virus discovery and characterization has led to the detection of novel parvovirus lineages and/or species infecting the feline host. However, the involvement of emerging parvoviruses in the onset of gastroenteritis or other feline diseases is still uncertain.
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Weber M, Mosena A, da Silva M, Canova R, de Lorenzo C, Olegário J, Budaszewski R, Baumbach L, Soares J, Sonne L, Varela A, Mayer F, de Oliveira L, Canal C. Virome of crab-eating (Cerdocyon thous) and pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) from southern Brazil and Uruguay. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104421. [PMID: 32580027 PMCID: PMC7306396 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Crab-eating (Cerdocyon thous) and Pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) are wild canids distributed in South America. Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and wild canids may share viral pathogens, including rabies virus (RABV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2). To characterize the virome of these wild canid species, the present work evaluated the spleen and mesenteric lymph node virome of 17 crab-eating and five Pampas foxes using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Organ samples were pooled and sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Additional PCR analyses were performed to identify the frequencies and host origin for each virus detected by HTS. Sequences more closely related to the Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae and Anelloviridae families were detected, as well as circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses. CDV was found only in crab-eating foxes, whereas CPV-2 was found in both canid species; both viruses were closely related to sequences reported in domestic dogs from southern Brazil. Moreover, the present work reported the detection of canine bocavirus (CBoV) strains that were genetically divergent from CBoV-1 and 2 lineages. Finally, we also characterized CRESS DNA viruses and anelloviruses with marked diversity. The results of this study contribute to the body of knowledge regarding wild canid viruses that can potentially be shared with domestic canids or other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A.C.S. Mosena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M.S. da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R. Canova
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C. de Lorenzo
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J.C. Olegário
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R.F. Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L.F. Baumbach
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J.F. Soares
- Laboratório Protozoologia e Riquettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L. Sonne
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A.P.M. Varela
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária eDesenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPDR-RS), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F.Q. Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária eDesenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPDR-RS), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L.G.S. de Oliveira
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - C.W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Corresponding author at: Av Bento Gonçalves 9090, Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Xiao Y, Wang H, Feng L, Pan J, Chen Z, Wang H, Yang S, Shen Q, Wang X, Shan T, Zhang W. Fecal, oral, blood and skin virome of laboratory rabbits. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2847-2856. [PMID: 33034764 PMCID: PMC7546134 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the fecal, oral, blood, and skin virome of 10 laboratory rabbits using a viral metagenomic method. In the oral samples, we detected a novel polyomavirus (RabPyV), and phylogenetic analysis based on the large T antigen, VP1 and VP2 regions indicated that the novel strain might have undergone a recombination event. Recombination analysis based on related genomes confirmed that RabPyV is a multiple recombinant between rodent-like and avian-like polyomaviruses. In fecal samples, three partial or complete genome sequences of viruses belonging to the families Picobirnaviridae, Parvoviridae, Microviridae and Coronaviridae were characterized, and phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the predicted amino acid sequences of viral proteins. This study increases the amount of genetic information on viruses present in laboratory rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiamin Pan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shixing Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Department of Swine Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Palombieri A, Di Profio F, Lanave G, Capozza P, Marsilio F, Martella V, Di Martino B. Molecular detection and characterization of Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus 1 in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108878. [PMID: 33069035 PMCID: PMC7528909 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine chaphamaparvovirus (CaChPV) is a novel parvovirus recently discovered in dogs; Herein, stool samples from dogs with or without enteric signs were screened for CaChPV; CaChPV DNA was found either in diarrhoeic (1.9 %) or asymptomatic (1.6 %) dogs; The nearly complete genome sequences were determined for two strains; The Italian CaChPV strains tightly clustered with the American reference viruses.
Canine chaphamaparvovirus (CaChPV) is a newly recognised parvovirus discovered by metagenomic analysis during an outbreak of diarrhoea in dogs in Colorado, USA, in 2017 and more recently detected in diarrhoeic dogs in China. Whether the virus plays a role as canine pathogen and whether it is distributed elsewhere, in other geographical areas, is not known. We performed a case-control study to investigate the possible association of CaChPV with enteritis in dogs. CaChPV DNA was detected both in the stools of diarrhoeic dogs (1.9 %, 3/155) and of healthy animals (1.6 %, 2/120). All the CaChPV-infected dogs with diarrhea were mixed infected with other enteric viruses such as canine parvovirus (formerly CPV-2), canine bufavirus (CBuV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV), whilst none of the asymptomatic CaChPV positive animals resulted co-infected. The nearly full-length genome and the partial capsid protein (VP) gene of three canine strains, Te/36OVUD/19/ITA, Te/37OVUD/19/ITA and Te/70OVUD/19/ITA, were reconstructed. Upon phylogenetic analyses based on the NS1 and VP aa sequences, the Italian CaChPV strains tightly clustered with the American reference viruses. Distinctive residues could be mapped to the deduced variable regions of the VP of canine and feline chaphamaparvoviruses, considered as important markers of host range and pathogenicity for parvoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palombieri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Wang Y, Sun J, Guo X, Zhang D, Cui Y, Li W, Liu G, Li Y, Jiang S. TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for specific detection of bocavirus-1 in domestic cats. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101647. [PMID: 32777447 PMCID: PMC7414301 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Feline bocavirus-1 (FBoV-1) was first discovered in Hong Kong in 2012, and studies have indicated that the virus may cause feline hemorrhagic enteritis. Currently, there is a lack of an effective and quantitative method for FBoV-1 detection. In this study, a TaqMan-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for FBoV-1 detection was established. Primers and probes were designed to target the conserved region of the FBoV-1 NS1 gene. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the minimum detection limit was 4.57 × 101 copies/μL. The specificity test revealed no cross-reaction with seven other common feline viruses, including the same species—FBoV-2 and FBoV-3. The sensitivity of this method was 100 times higher than that of conventional PCR (cPCR). The established method showed good repeatability, with the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 0.18%–1.00% and 0.27%–0.45%, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of feline feces revealed that the detection rate by qPCR was 7.0% (9/128), whereas that by cPCR was 4.7% (6/128). In conclusion, the established qPCR assay can quantitatively detect FBoV-1 with a high sensitivity, high specificity, and good reproducibility, making it a promising technique for the clinical detection of and basic and epidemiological research on FBoV-1. The study establishes a TaqMan qPCR method for Feline Bocavirus-1 detection. The assay has high sensitivity, specificity and reliability. The study provides a tool that could be beneficial for clinical diagnostics of Feline Bocavirus-1 infection as well as future research on the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Jianfei Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Xu Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Da Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China.
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
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Matsuu A, Yabuki M, Aoki E, Iwahana M. Molecular detection of canine respiratory pathogens between 2017 and 2018 in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:690-694. [PMID: 32269180 PMCID: PMC7324815 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular survey was conducted to understand recent distribution of pathogens
associated with canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) in Japan. Nasal and/or
pharyngeal swabs were collected from asymptomatic dogs and those with CIRD, living in
private house or in kennels. PCR-based examination was conducted for detecting nine
pathogens. Among private household dogs, 50.8% with CIRD, 11.1% with respiratory disease
other than CIRD, and 4.3% asymptomatic were positive for more than one pathogen, whereas
in kennel-housed dogs, 42.9% with CIRD and 27.3% asymptomatic were positive.
Bordetella bronchiseptica was most frequently detected, followed by
canine herpesvirus 1, canine parainfluenza virus, canine pneumovirus, Mycoplasma
cynos, and canine adenovirus type 2. In kennel environment, asymptomatic dogs
might act as reservoirs carrying the respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Matsuu
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mihoko Yabuki
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Emiko Aoki
- Zoetis Japan Co., Ltd., 3-22-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Michio Iwahana
- Zoetis Japan Co., Ltd., 3-22-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
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Kaszab E, Doszpoly A, Lanave G, Verma A, Bányai K, Malik YS, Marton S. Metagenomics revealing new virus species in farm and pet animals and aquaculture. GENOMICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN VETERINARY, POULTRY, AND FISHERIES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7149329 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816352-8.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Viral metagenomics is slowly taking over the traditional and widely used molecular techniques for the investigation of pathogenic viruses responsible for illness and inflicting great economic burden on the farm animal industry. Owing to the continued improvements in sequencing technologies and the dramatic reduction of per base costs of sequencing the use of next generation sequencing have been key factors in this progress. Discoveries linked to viral metagenomics are expected to be beneficial to the field of veterinary medicine starting from the development of better diagnostic assays to the design of new subunit vaccines with minimal investments. With these achievements the research has taken a giant leap even toward the better healthcare of animals and, as a result, the animal sector could be growing at an unprecedented pace.
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Piewbang C, Rungsipipat A, Poovorawan Y, Techangamsuwan S. Cross-sectional investigation and risk factor analysis of community-acquired and hospital-associated canine viral infectious respiratory disease complex. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02726. [PMID: 31844690 PMCID: PMC6895754 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is associated with multiple factors. The possible transmission source can be via community-acquired infection (CAI) or hospital-associated infection (HAI), but the variable factors within these two routes are not well described. This study aimed to (i) investigate a cross-sectional incidence of canine respiratory viruses, including influenza (CIV), parainfluenza, distemper (CDV), respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), adenovirus-2, and herpesvirus, in respiratory-diseased dogs, and (ii) analyze the possibly related risk factors. In total 209 dogs with respiratory illness, consisting of 133 CAI and 76 HAI dogs, were studied. Both nasal and oropharyngeal swabs were sampled from each dog and subjected for CIRDC virus detection using multiplex PCRs. Common six viruses associated with CIRDC were detected in both groups with CIV and CRCoV being predominantly found. Only CDV was significantly more prevalent in CAI than HAI dogs. Multiple virus detections were found in 81.2% and 78.9% of CAI and HAI dogs, respectively. Co-detection of CIV and CRCoV was represented the highest proportion and most often found with other CIRD viruses. Moreover, the clinical severity level was notably related to the age of infected dogs, but not to the vaccination status, sex and transmission route. Since healthy or control dogs were not included in this study, the prevalence of the CIRD virus infections could not be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens Research Unit (DMAP-RU), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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Di Martino B, Di Profio F, Melegari I, Marsilio F. Feline Virome-A Review of Novel Enteric Viruses Detected in Cats. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100908. [PMID: 31575055 PMCID: PMC6832874 DOI: 10.3390/v11100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the diagnostic and metagenomic investigations of the feline enteric environment have allowed the identification of several novel viruses that have been associated with gastroenteritis in cats. In the last few years, noroviruses, kobuviruses, and novel parvoviruses have been repetitively detected in diarrheic cats as alone or in mixed infections with other pathogens, raising a number of questions, with particular regards to their pathogenic attitude and clinical impact. In the present article, the current available literature on novel potential feline enteric viruses is reviewed, providing a meaningful update on the etiology, epidemiologic, pathogenetic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of the infections caused by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Di Martino
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Irene Melegari
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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22
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Effect of Geographic Isolation on the Nasal Virome of Indigenous Children. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00681-19. [PMID: 31189707 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00681-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of living in small remote villages on the diversity of viruses in the nasal mucosa was investigated in three Colombian villages with very different levels of geographic isolation. Metagenomic analysis was used to characterize viral nucleic acids in nasal swabs from 63 apparently healthy young children. Sequences from human virus members of the families Anelloviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picornaviridae, Herpesviridae, Polyomaviridae, Adenoviridae, and Paramyxoviridae were detected in decreasing proportions of children. The number of papillomavirus infections detected was greater among Hispanic children most exposed to outside contacts, while anellovirus infections were more common in the isolated indigenous villages. The diversity of the other human viruses detected did not differ among the villages. Closely related variants of rhinovirus A or B were identified in 2 to 4 children from each village, reflecting ongoing transmission clusters. Genomes of viruses not currently known to infect humans, including members of the families Parvoviridae, Partitiviridae, Dicistroviridae, and Iflaviridae and circular Rep-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS-DNA) virus, were also detected in nasal swabs, possibly reflecting environmental contamination from insect, fungal, or unknown sources. Despite the high levels of geographic and cultural isolation, the overall diversity of human viruses in the nasal passages of children was not reduced in highly isolated indigenous villages, indicating ongoing exposure to globally circulating viruses.IMPORTANCE Extreme geographic and cultural isolation can still be found in some indigenous South American villages. Such isolation may be expected to limit the introduction of otherwise common and widely distributed viruses. Very small population sizes may also result in rapid local viral extinction due to a lack of seronegative subjects to maintain transmission chains for rapidly cleared viruses. We compared the viruses in the nasal passages of young children in three villages with increasing levels of geographic isolation. We found that isolation did not reduce the overall diversity of viral infections. Multiple infections with nearly identical rhinoviruses could be detected within each village, likely reflecting recent viral introductions and transmission clusters among epidemiologically linked members of these very small communities. We conclude that, despite their geographic isolation, remote indigenous villages show evidence of ongoing exposure to globally circulating viruses.
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Hiebl A, Auer A, Bagrinovschi G, Stejskal M, Hirt R, Rümenapf HT, Tichy A, Künzel F. Detection of selected viral pathogens in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease in Austria. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:594-600. [PMID: 31301071 PMCID: PMC6852529 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To assess the prevalence of canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine distemper virus, canine respiratory coronavirus and influenza virus A infections in: (1) privately‐owned or, (2) kennelled dogs showing signs consistent with canine infectious respiratory disease and, (3) clinically healthy dogs in Vienna, Austria. Materials and Methods Prospectively, nasal and tonsillar swabs from 214 dogs affected with infectious respiratory disease, and 50 healthy control dogs were tested for nucleic acids specific to the various viral infections. Concurrent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 31 dogs with chronic respiratory disease was investigated for the same viral pathogens. Additionally, anti‐canine respiratory coronavirus antibody concentrations were measured in paired blood samples from 30 acutely diseased dogs. Results Canine respiratory coronavirus (7.5%) and canine parainfluenza virus (6.5%) were the most commonly detected viruses in samples from the upper airways of dogs with respiratory infections. Serological results showed a significant seroconversion in response to coronavirus in 50% of the examined cases. None of the samples was positive for influenza virus A‐specific nucleic acid. Canine coronavirus‐specific nucleic acid was detected in 4.0% of healthy dogs. Clinical Significance Canine coronavirus should be considered as a clinically relevant cause of infectious respiratory disease in crowded dog populations. For sample collection, the nasal mucosa can be recommended as the favoured site. Analysis of paired serum samples aids verification of canine coronavirus infection in respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hiebl
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - A Auer
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - G Bagrinovschi
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - M Stejskal
- Kleintierklinik Breitensee Wien, Vienna, 1140, Austria
| | - R Hirt
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - H T Rümenapf
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - A Tichy
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Platform, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - F Künzel
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, 1210, Austria
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Fahsbender E, Altan E, Seguin MA, Young P, Estrada M, Leutenegger C, Delwart E. Chapparvovirus DNA Found in 4% of Dogs with Diarrhea. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050398. [PMID: 31035625 PMCID: PMC6563200 DOI: 10.3390/v11050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Feces from dogs in an unexplained outbreak of diarrhea were analyzed by viral metagenomics revealing the genome of a novel parvovirus. The parvovirus was named cachavirus and was classified within the proposed Chapparvovirus genus. Using PCR, cachavirus DNA was detected in two of nine tested dogs from that outbreak. In order to begin to elucidate the clinical impact of this virus, 2,053 canine fecal samples were screened using real-time PCR. Stool samples from 203 healthy dogs were positive for cachavirus DNA at a rate of 1.47%, while 802 diarrhea samples collected in 2017 and 964 samples collected in 2018 were positive at rates of 4.0% and 4.66% frequencies, respectively (healthy versus 2017-2018 combined diarrhea p-value of 0.05). None of 83 bloody diarrhea samples tested positive. Viral loads were generally low with average real-time PCR Ct values of 36 in all three positive groups. The species tropism and pathogenicity of cachavirus, the first chapparvovirus reported in feces of a placental carnivore, remains to be fully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fahsbender
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
| | - Eda Altan
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
| | - M Alexis Seguin
- IDEXX Reference Laboratories, -Inc., West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA.
| | - Pauline Young
- IDEXX Reference Laboratories, -Inc., West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA.
| | - Marko Estrada
- IDEXX Reference Laboratories, -Inc., West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA.
| | | | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
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25
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Maboni G, Seguel M, Lorton A, Berghaus R, Sanchez S. Canine infectious respiratory disease: New insights into the etiology and epidemiology of associated pathogens. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215817. [PMID: 31022218 PMCID: PMC6483346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a syndrome where multiple viral and bacterial pathogens are involved sequentially or synergistically to cause illness. There is limited information regarding the prevalence of pathogens related to CIRD in the United States as well as the role of co-infections in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive etiologic and epidemiologic study of multiple CIRD agents in a diverse dog population using molecular methods and statistical modeling analyses. In addition, a novel probe-based multiplex real-time PCR was developed to simultaneously detect and differentiate two species of Mycoplasma (M. canis and M. cynos). Canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, canine parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, influenza A virus (H3N2 and H3N8), Bordetella bronchiseptica, M. canis, M. cynos and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus were investigated in specimens from clinically ill and asymptomatic dogs received at the Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Results showed low occurrence of classical CIRD agents such as B. bronchiseptica, canine adenovirus and distemper virus, while highlighting the potential role of emerging bacteria such as M. canis and M. cynos. Statistical modeling analyses of CIRD pathogens emphasized the impact of co-infections on the severity of clinical presentation, and showed that host factors, such as animal age, are the most important predictors of disease severity. This study provides new insights into the current understanding of the prevalence and role of co-infections with selected viruses and bacteria in the etiology of CIRD, while underscoring the importance of molecular diagnosis and vaccination against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazieli Maboni
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mauricio Seguel
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana Lorton
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Roy Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Martella V, Lanave G, Mihalov-Kovács E, Marton S, Varga-Kugler R, Kaszab E, Di Martino B, Camero M, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C, Bányai K. Novel Parvovirus Related to Primate Bufaviruses in Dogs. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1061-1068. [PMID: 29774829 PMCID: PMC6004837 DOI: 10.3201/eid2406.171965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel protoparvovirus species, related genetically to human bufaviruses, was identified in dogs with respiratory signs. The canine bufavirus was distantly related to the well-known canine protoparvovirus, canine parvovirus type 2, sharing low amino acid identities in the nonstructural protein 1 (40.6%) and in the capsid protein 1 (33.4%). By screening collections of fecal, nasal, and oropharyngeal samples obtained from juvenile dogs (<1 year of age), canine bufavirus DNA appeared as a common component of canine virome. The virus was common in the stool samples of dogs with or without enteric disease and in the nasal and oropharyngeal swab samples of dogs with respiratory signs. However, the virus was not detected in nasal and oropharyngeal swab samples from animals without clinical signs.
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27
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Divers TJ, Tennant BC, Kumar A, McDonough S, Cullen J, Bhuva N, Jain K, Chauhan LS, Scheel TKH, Lipkin WI, Laverack M, Trivedi S, Srinivasa S, Beard L, Rice CM, Burbelo PD, Renshaw RW, Dubovi E, Kapoor A. New Parvovirus Associated with Serum Hepatitis in Horses after Inoculation of Common Biological Product. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:303-310. [PMID: 29350162 PMCID: PMC5782890 DOI: 10.3201/eid2402.171031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine serum hepatitis (i.e., Theiler's disease) is a serious and often life-threatening disease of unknown etiology that affects horses. A horse in Nebraska, USA, with serum hepatitis died 65 days after treatment with equine-origin tetanus antitoxin. We identified an unknown parvovirus in serum and liver of the dead horse and in the administered antitoxin. The equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) shares <50% protein identity with its phylogenetic relatives of the genus Copiparvovirus. Next, we experimentally infected 2 horses using a tetanus antitoxin contaminated with EqPV-H. Viremia developed, the horses seroconverted, and acute hepatitis developed that was confirmed by clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic testing. We also determined that EqPV-H is an endemic infection because, in a cohort of 100 clinically normal adult horses, 13 were viremic and 15 were seropositive. We identified a new virus associated with equine serum hepatitis and confirmed its pathogenicity and transmissibility through contaminated biological products.
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28
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Identification of a novel parvovirus in domestic cats. Vet Microbiol 2018; 228:246-251. [PMID: 30593374 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel protoparvovirus species was identified in domestic cats. The virus was distantly related to the well-known feline (feline panleukopenia virus) and canine (canine parvovirus type 2) parvoviruses, sharing low nucleotide identities in the capsid protein 2 (less than 43%). The virus was genetically similar (100% at the nucleotide level) to a newly identified canine protoparvovirus, genetically related to human bufaviruses. The feline bufavirus appeared as a common element of the feline virome, especially in juvenile cats, with an overall prevalence of 9.2%. The virus was more common in respiratory samples (9.5%-12.2%) than in enteric samples of cats (2.2%). The role of bufaviruses in the etiology of feline respiratory disease complex, either as a primary or a secondary agents, should be defined.
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29
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Complete genome sequence analysis of canine bocavirus 1 identified for the first time in domestic cats. Arch Virol 2018; 164:601-605. [PMID: 30488237 PMCID: PMC7086704 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the presence of canine bocaviruses (CBoVs) in fecal samples from 105 cats with diarrhea and 92 asymptomatic cats in northeast China. One fecal sample, 17CC0312, collected from an asymptomatic cat, was found to be positive for canine bocavirus 1 (CBoV1). The nearly complete genome of this virus was cloned and sequenced. The viral genome was 5,069 nucleotides (nt) in length and combined four open reading frames (ORFs) in the order 5′-NS1-ORF4-NP1-VP1/VP2-3′. The 17CC0312 virus shared more than 90.3% nucleotide sequence identity with CBoV1 reference sequences and was placed within the CBoV1 group in a phylogenetic tree based on complete genome sequences. Further phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of the VP2 gene showed that this feline CBoV1 strain belongs to CBoV1 lineage 3. These data provide the first molecular evidence of the presence of CBoV1 in a domestic cat and suggest that cats might be carriers of CBoV1.
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30
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Yi S, Niu J, Wang H, Dong G, Zhao Y, Dong H, Guo Y, Wang K, Hu G. Detection and genetic characterization of feline bocavirus in Northeast China. Virol J 2018; 15:125. [PMID: 30089507 PMCID: PMC6083571 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bocaviruses have been reported to cause respiratory tract infection and gastroenteritis in most animal species. In cats, different genotype bocaviruses have been identified in USA, Japan, Hong Kong and Portugal. However, the clear relationship between the clinical symptoms and FBoV infection is unknown, and the prevalence of FBoV and the distribution of FBoV genotypes in China are still unclear. Results In this study, 197 fecal samples from cats with diarrhea (n = 105) and normal cats (n = 92) were collected in different regions between January 2016 and November 2017 and investigated using PCR targeting different FBoV genotypes. Screening results showed that 51 of 197 samples (25.9%) were positive for FBoV, and a higher positive rate was observed in cats with diarrhea (33.3%, 35/105) than in normal cats (17.4%, 16/92). Of these FBoV-positive samples, 35 were identified as FBoV-1, 12 as FBoV-2 and 4 as coinfection of FBoV-1 and FBoV-2. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial NS1 gene indicated that 24 sequences from randomly selected FBoV-positive samples were divided into 2 different FBoV groups: FBoV-1 and FBoV-2. Furthermore, 6 strains were randomly selected, and the complete genome was sequenced and analyzed. These strains exhibited the typical genome organization of bocavirus and were closely related to FBoV. Two FBoV-2 identified strains shared high homologies with FBoV-2 reference strains based on the complete genome and entire encoding gene, but lower identities were exhibited in the NP1 and VP1 regions for the other 4 FBoV-1 identified strains compared with FBoV-1 reference strains. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that genetically diverse FBoV-1 and FBoV-2 widely circulate in cats in Northeast China and that FBoV-1 is more prevalent. The high prevalence of FBoV in cats with diarrhea symptoms suggests that FBoV infection may be associated with diarrhea in cats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1034-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushuai Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiangting Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Guoying Dong
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Haidian, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Library, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Yanbing Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin Province, China.,Jilin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Changchun, 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guixue Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin Province, China.
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31
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Presence of rat bocavirus in oropharyngeal and fecal samples from murine rodents in China. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3099-3103. [PMID: 30039316 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we detected and genetically characterized rat bocavirus (RBoV) carried in 496 murine rodents that were captured in four provinces in China between May 2015 and May 2017. RBoV-positive samples were found in all four provinces, with a total positive rate of 24.8% (123/496) in throat swabs and 58.1% (286/492) in fecal samples. Twelve nearly full-length genome sequences of RBoV were determined, and the average sequence identity was 96.2%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RBoVs formed a distinct clade that was distinguishable from the bocaviruses discovered in humans and other animals.
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32
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Comparison of Different In Situ Hybridization Techniques for the Detection of Various RNA and DNA Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:v10070384. [PMID: 30037026 PMCID: PMC6071121 DOI: 10.3390/v10070384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique to determine potential correlations between viruses and lesions. The aim of the study was to compare ISH techniques for the detection of various viruses in different tissues. Tested RNA viruses include atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) in the cerebellum of pigs, equine and bovine hepacivirus (EqHV, BovHepV) in the liver of horses and cattle, respectively, and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in the cerebrum of goats. Examined DNA viruses comprise canine bocavirus 2 (CBoV-2) in the intestine of dogs, porcine bocavirus (PBoV) in the spinal cord of pigs and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) in cerebrum, lymph node, and lung of pigs. ISH with self-designed digoxigenin-labelled RNA probes revealed a positive signal for SBV, CBoV-2, and PCV-2, whereas it was lacking for APPV, BovHepV, EqHV, and PBoV. Commercially produced digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes detected CBoV-2 and PCV-2, but failed to detect PBoV. ISH with a commercially available fluorescent ISH (FISH)-RNA probe mix identified nucleic acids of all tested viruses. The detection rate and the cell-associated positive area using the FISH-RNA probe mix was highest compared to the results using other probes and protocols, representing a major benefit of this method. Nevertheless, there are differences in costs and procedure time.
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Abstract
AIMS To determine which of the common canine respiratory pathogens circulate among selected populations of healthy and diseased dogs in New Zealand. METHODS Coagulated blood samples for serology and oropharyngeal swabs for virology were collected from healthy dogs (n=47) and from dogs with acute respiratory disease (n=49). For diseased dogs a convalescent blood sample was also collected 3-4 weeks later. Oropharyngeal swabs were subjected to virus isolation and tested for canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine adenovirus (CAdV) 2, canine herpesvirus (CHV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine distemper virus (CDV), Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, and Mycoplasma cynos nucleic acids by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Sera were tested for CRCoV antibody using competitive ELISA and results expressed as percent of inhibition (POI). RESULTS The mean age of diseased dogs (2.7, min <0.5, max 8.5 years) was lower than the mean age of healthy dogs (5.3, min <0.5, max 17 years) (p<0.001). In total, 20/94 (21%) dogs were positive for at least one agent by qPCR. Diseased dogs were most commonly positive for M. cynos (8/47, 17%), followed by CPIV (3/47, 6%) and B. bronchiseptica (3/47, 6%), while healthy dogs were most commonly positive for CAdV-2 (6/47, 13%), followed by M. cynos (2/47, 4%). All samples were negative for CIV, CRCoV, CDV and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Viruses were not isolated from any of the samples tested. In total, 47/93 (50%) dogs were seropositive for CRCoV on at least one sampling occasion. Samples from diseased dogs were more frequently seropositive for CRCoV, with higher POI, than samples from healthy dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We showed that CAdV-2, CPIV, CHV, CRCoV, B. bronchiseptica and M. cynos circulated among sampled dogs. The convenience sampling methodology, with a poor match between the populations of diseased and healthy dogs in terms of age, breed and use, together with the relatively small sample size precluded inference of any causal relationships between infection with a given pathogen and development of disease. None-the-less, our data suggest that further investigation into epidemiology and disease association of CRCoV and M. cynos is warranted. In addition, circulation of novel respiratory pathogens among dogs in New Zealand should be considered in future studies, as 70/94 (74%) diseased dogs were negative for all the pathogens tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Sowman
- a School of Veterinary Science , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand.,b Current address: Ministry for Primary Industries , Wallaceville , New Zealand
| | - N J Cave
- a School of Veterinary Science , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - M Dunowska
- a School of Veterinary Science , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
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Zhang C, Song F, Xiu L, Liu Y, Yang J, Yao L, Peng J. Identification and characterization of a novel rodent bocavirus from different rodent species in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:48. [PMID: 29593218 PMCID: PMC5874251 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Members in the genus Bocaparvovirus are closely related to human health and have a wide host range. The diverse hosts raise the possibility of crossing species barrier, which is a feature of emerging viruses. Among the mammalian hosts, rodents are generally acknowledged to be important reservoirs of emerging viruses. Here, rodent samples collected from six provinces and autonomous regions of China (Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Xinjiang, Guangxi and Yunnan) were used to investigate the prevalence and distribution of bocaparvoviruses. By using next-generation sequencing first, a partial non-structural protein 1 (NS1) gene belonging to a possible novel bocaparvovirus was discovered. Following this, PCR-based screening of NS1 gene was conducted in 485 rodent samples, with 106 positive results found in seven rodent species (Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Apodemus agrarius, Cricetulus barabensis, Rattus flavipectus, Rattus rattus and Rhombomys opimus). Finally, six nearly full-length genomes and three complete CDS were obtained and the newly identified bocaparvovirus was tentatively named rodent bocavirus (RoBoV). RoBoV has three ORFs: NS1, NP1, and VP, which are characteristics of bocaparvoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that porcine bocavirus isolate PBoV-KU14, a member of Ungulate bocaparvovirus 4, was the most related virus to RoBoV, with 92.1-92.9% amino acid identities in NS1 protein. Alignments of RoBoV-related sequences showed RoBoV isolates could be classified into two clades, demonstrating an inter-host genetic diversity. The results indicate a potential interspecies transmission of RoBoV between rodents and swine and expand our knowledge on bocaparvoviruses in rodent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Fenglin Song
- Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenyang, 116001, China
| | - Leshan Xiu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Lisi Yao
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Junping Peng
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, China.
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35
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Liu C, Liu F, Li Z, Qu L, Liu D. First report of feline bocavirus associated with severe enteritis of cat in Northeast China, 2015. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:731-735. [PMID: 29459503 PMCID: PMC5938208 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline bocavirus (FBoV) is a newly identified bocavirus of cats in the family
Parvoviridae. A novel FBoV HRB2015-LDF was first identified from the cat
with severe enteritis in Northeast China, with an overall positive rate of 2.78% (1/36).
Phylogenetic and homologous analysis of the complete genome showed that FBoV HRB2015-LDF
was clustered into the FBoV branch and closely related to other FBoVs, with 68.7–97.5%
identities. And the genes of VP1, NPA and NS1 shared 70.7–97.6, 72.4–98.6 and 67.2–98.0%
nucleotide identities with other FBoVs, respectively. The results suggested that the FBoVs
could be divided into two distinct lineages, and the difference of nucleotide identities
was >20–30% between the lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguo Liu
- State Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shanghai Hile Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Wendengying Veterinary Station, Weihai, Shandong 264413, China
| | - Liandong Qu
- State Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Dafei Liu
- State Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China.,College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
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36
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Piewbang C, Jo WK, Puff C, Ludlow M, van der Vries E, Banlunara W, Rungsipipat A, Kruppa J, Jung K, Techangamsuwan S, Baumgärtner W, Osterhaus ADME. Canine Bocavirus Type 2 Infection Associated With Intestinal Lesions. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:434-441. [PMID: 29421972 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818755253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bocaviruses are small nonenveloped DNA viruses belonging to the Bocaparvovirus genus of the Parvoviridae family and have been linked to both respiratory and enteric disease in humans and animals. To date, 3 bocaviruses, canine bocaviruses 1 to 3 (CBoV-1-3), have been shown to affect dogs with different disease manifestations reported for infected animals. We used next-generation sequencing to identify a novel strain of canine CBoV-2 (CBoV TH-2016) in a litter of puppies that died in Thailand from acute dyspnea and hemoptysis, for which no causal pathogen could be identified in routine assays. Analysis of the complete coding sequences of CBoV TH-2016 showed that this virus was most closely related to a strain previously identified in South Korea (isolate 14D193), with evidence of genetic recombination in the VP2 gene with related strains from South Korea and Hong Kong. Use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed the presence of CBoV TH-2016 in several tissues, suggesting hematogenous virus spread, while only intestinal tissue was found to be positive by in situ hybridization and electron microscopy. Histologic small intestinal lesions associated with CBoV TH-2016 infection were eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within villous enterocytes without villous atrophy or fusion, similar to those previously considered pathognomonic for CBoV-1 infection. Therefore, this study provides novel insights in the pathogenicity of canine bocavirus infections and suggests that a novel recombinant CBoV-2 may result in atypical findings of CBoV infection. Although the specific cause of death of these puppies remained undetermined, a contributory role of enteric CBoV TH-2016 infection is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutchai Piewbang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.,2 Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wendy K Jo
- 2 Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ludlow
- 2 Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- 2 Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- 1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- 1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jochen Kruppa
- 4 Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- 4 Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- 1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.,5 STAR Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- 2 Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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37
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Caddy SL. New viruses associated with canine gastroenteritis. Vet J 2018; 232:57-64. [PMID: 29428093 PMCID: PMC7110870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A number of novel viruses have been associated with canine gastroenteritis in recent years, from viral families as diverse as Caliciviridae and Picornaviridae to Parvoviridae and Circoviridae. The ability of many of these viruses to cause disease is uncertain, but epidemiological studies are continually adding to our knowledge of these potential pathogens. This review presents a summary of the latest research and current understanding of novel viruses associated with canine gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Caddy
- Magdalene College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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38
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Neiger R, König M, Rudolf S. Bocavirus-Nachweis bei 4 Wochen alten Welpen mit akutem Durchfall. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2017; 44:118-22. [DOI: 10.15654/tpk-150484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungZwei 4 Wochen alte, weibliche Dobermann-Welpen wurden mit akutem Durchfall und Erbrechen vorgestellt. Zusätzlich zeigten sie Niesen und Nasenausfluss. Aufgrund der klinischen Präsentation und einer Neutropenie bestand der hochgradige Verdacht einer Parvovirose. Die Tiere blieben mehrere Tage hospitalisiert und wurden symptomatisch therapiert. Eine parasitologische Kotuntersuchung sowie eine virologische Untersuchung des Kots auf eine Parvovirusinfektion (Polymerasekettenreaktion [PCR] und Immunelektronenmikroskopie) verliefen negativ. Mithilfe einer weiteren, neuen PCR ließ sich das Bocavirus identifizieren, sodass eine Infektion mit diesem Erreger als mögliche Diagnose infrage kommt. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt eine noch wenig bekannte virale Welpenerkrankung mit erfolgreichem Therapieverlauf.
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39
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Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Tsoi HW, Patteril NG, Yeung HC, Joseph S, Wong EYM, Muhammed R, Chow FWN, Wernery U, Yuen KY. Two novel dromedary camel bocaparvoviruses from dromedaries in the Middle East with unique genomic features. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1349-1359. [PMID: 28613145 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus and its discovery from dromedary camels has boosted interest in the search for novel viruses in dromedaries. While bocaparvoviruses are known to infect various animals, it was not known that they exist in dromedaries. In this study, we describe the discovery of two novel dromedary camel bocaparvoviruses (DBoVs), DBoV1 and DBoV2, from dromedary faecal samples in Dubai. Among 667 adult dromedaries and 72 dromedary calves, 13.9 % of adult dromedaries and 33.3 % of dromedary calves were positive for DBoV1, while 7.0 % of adult dromedaries and 25.0 % of dromedary calves were positive for DBoV2, as determined by PCR. Sequencing of 21 DBoV1 and 18 DBoV2 genomes and phylogenetic analysis showed that DBoV1 and DBoV2 formed two distinct clusters, with only 32.6-36.3 % amino acid identities between the DBoV1 and DBoV2 strains. Quasispecies were detected in both DBoVs. The amino acid sequences of the NS1 proteins of all the DBoV1 and DBoV2 strains showed <85 % identity to those of all the other bocaparvoviruses, indicating that DBoV1 and DBoV2 are two bocaparvovirus species according to the ICTV criteria. Although the typical genome structure of NS1-NP1-VP1/VP2 was observed in DBoV1 and DBoV2, no phospholipase A2 motif and associated calcium binding site were observed in the predicted VP1 sequences for any of the 18 sequenced DBoV2, and no start codons were found for their VP1. For all 18 DBoV2 genomes, an AT-rich region of variable length and composition was present downstream to NP1. Further studies will be crucial to understand the pathogenic potential of DBoVs in this unique group of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hoi-Wah Tsoi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Hazel C Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Emily Y M Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Franklin W N Chow
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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40
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Zhai SL, Lin T, Chen YW, Liu R, Lv DH, Wen XH, Zhu XL, Wang D, Li F, Wei WK. First complete genome sequence of canine bocavirus 2 in mainland China. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 18:47-49. [PMID: 28616242 PMCID: PMC5458062 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We obtained the first full-length genome sequence of canine bocavirus 2 (CBoV2) from the faeces of a healthy dog in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, mainland China. The genome of GZHD15 consisted of 5059 nucleotides. Sequence analysis suggested that GZHD15 was close to a previously circulated Hong Kong isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-L Zhai
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, China
| | - Y-W Chen
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - R Liu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, China.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - D-H Lv
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - X-H Wen
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - X-L Zhu
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, China.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - W-K Wei
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
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41
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Dierks C, Hoffmann H, Heinrich F, Hellige M, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Distl O. Suspected X-linked facial dysmorphia and growth retardation in related Labrador retriever puppies. Vet J 2017; 220:48-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Lau SKP, Yeung HC, Li KSM, Lam CSF, Cai JP, Yuen MC, Wang M, Zheng BJ, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Identification and genomic characterization of a novel rat bocavirus from brown rats in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 47:68-76. [PMID: 27871815 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent discoveries of novel animal bocaparvoviruses, current understandings on the diversity and evolution of bocaparvoviruses are still limited. We report the identification and genome characterization of a novel bocaparvovirus, rat bocaparvovirus (RBoV), in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in China. RBoV was detected in 11.5%, 2.4%, 16.2% and 0.3% of alimentary, respiratory, spleen and kidney samples respectively, of 636 brown rats by PCR, but not in samples of other rodent species, suggesting that brown rats are the primary reservoir of RBoV. Six RBoV genomes sequenced from three brown rats revealed the presence of three ORFs, characteristic of bocaparvoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RBoV was distantly related to other bocaparvoviruses, forming a distinct cluster within the genus, with ≤55.5% nucleotide identities to the genome of ungulate bocaparvovirus 3, supporting its classification as a novel bocaparvovirus species. RBoV possessed a putative second exon encoding the C-terminal region of NS1 and conserved RNA splicing signals, similar to human bocaparvoviruses and canine bocaparvovirus. In contrast to human, feline and canine bocaparvoviruses which demonstrates inter/intra-host viral diversity, partial VP1/VP2 sequences of 49 RBoV strains demonstrated little inter-host genetic diversity, suggesting a single genetic group. Although the pathogenicity of RBoV remains to be determined, its presence in different host tissues suggests wide tissue tropism. RBoV represents the first bocaparvovirus in rodents with genome sequenced, which extends our knowledge on the host range of bocaparvoviruses. Further studies are required to better understand the epidemiology, genetic diversity and pathogenicity of bocaparvoviruses in different rodent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hazel C Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth S M Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol S F Lam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Chi Yuen
- Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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43
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Lau SKP, Ahmed SS, Yeung HC, Li KSM, Fan RYY, Cheng TYC, Cai JP, Wang M, Zheng BJ, Wong SSY, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Identification and interspecies transmission of a novel bocaparvovirus among different bat species in China. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:3345-3358. [PMID: 27902362 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of a novel bocaparvovirus, bat bocaparvovirus (BtBoV), in one spleen, four respiratory and 61 alimentary samples from bats of six different species belonging to three families, Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae. BtBoV showed a higher detection rate in alimentary samples of Rhinolophus sinicus (5.7 %) than those of other bat species (0.43-1.59 %), supporting R. sinicus as the primary reservoir and virus spillover to accidental bat species. BtBoV peaked during the lactating season of R. sinicus, and it was more frequently detected among female than male adult bats (P<0.05), and among lactating than non-lactating female bats (P<0.0001). Positive BtBoV detection was associated with lower body weight in lactating bats (P<0.05). Ten nearly complete BtBoV genomes from three bat species revealed a unique large ORF1 spanning NS1 and NP1 in eight genomes and conserved splicing signals leading to multiple proteins, as well as a unique substitution in the conserved replication initiator motif within NS1. BtBoV was phylogenetically distantly related to known bocaparvoviruses with ≤57.3 % genome identities, supporting BtBoV as a novel species. Ms-BtBoV from Miniopterus schreibersii and Hp-BtBoV from Hipposideros pomona demonstrated 97.2-99.9 % genome identities with Rs-BtBoVs from R. sinicus, supporting infection of different bat species by a single BtBoV species. Rs-BtBoV_str15 represents the first bat parvovirus genome with non-coding regions sequenced, which suggested the presence of head-to-tail genomic concatamers or episomal forms of the genome. This study represents the first to describe interspecies transmission in BoVs. The high detection rates in lactating female and juvenile bats suggest possible vertical transmission of BtBoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Syed Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hazel C Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kenneth S M Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Rachel Y Y Fan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Toni Y C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ming Wang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo-Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Samson S Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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44
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Takano T, Takadate Y, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. Genetic characterization of feline bocavirus detected in cats in Japan. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2825-8. [PMID: 27388369 PMCID: PMC7086828 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Feline bocavirus (FBoV) has been classified into three genotypes (FBoV1-FBoV3). FBoVs are mainly detected in feces. In the present study, we collected rectal swabs from cats in Japan and examined the samples for the presence of FBoV. The FBoV infection rate was 9.9 % in 101 cats. No significant association was observed between FBoV infection and clinical symptoms. Based on the full-length NS1 protein, the three strains of FBoVs detected in the present study shared high homologies with the genotype 2 FBoV POR1 strain. This is the first study to report FBoV in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takadate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Doki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hohdatsu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan.
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Decaro N, Mari V, Larocca V, Losurdo M, Lanave G, Lucente MS, Corrente M, Catella C, Bo S, Elia G, Torre G, Grandolfo E, Martella V, Buonavoglia C. Molecular surveillance of traditional and emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. Vet Microbiol 2016; 192:21-25. [PMID: 27527760 PMCID: PMC7131703 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A molecular survey for CIRD agents was conducted during years 2011–2013. Canine parainfluenza virus was the most frequently detected pathogens. The emerging pathogens canine respiratory coronavirus, Mycoplasma cynos and canine pneumovirus were sporadically detected. Most severe forms of respiratory disease were observed in dogs infected with M. cynos alone or in combination with either CRCoV or M. canis. CIRD vaccines should be updated to include emerging pathogens.
A molecular survey for traditional and emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) was conducted in Italy between 2011 and 2013 on a total of 138 dogs, including 78 early acute clinically ill CIRD animals, 22 non-clinical but exposed to clinically ill CIRD dogs and 38 CIRD convalescent dogs. The results showed that canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) was the most commonly detected CIRD pathogen, followed by canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma canis and canine pneumovirus (CnPnV). Some classical CIRD agents, such as canine adenoviruses, canine distemper virus and canid herpesvirus 1, were not detected at all, as were not other emerging respiratory viruses (canine influenza virus, canine hepacivirus) and bacteria (Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus). Most severe forms of respiratory disease were observed in the presence of CPIV, CRCoV and M. cynos alone or in combination with other pathogens, whereas single CnPnV or M. canis infections were detected in dogs with no or very mild respiratory signs. Interestingly, only the association of M. cynos (alone or in combination with either CRCoV or M. canis) with severe clinical forms was statistically significant. The study, while confirming CPIV as the main responsible for CIRD occurrence, highlights the increasing role of recently discovered viruses, such as CRCoV and CnPnV, for which effective vaccines are not available in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
| | - Viviana Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Larocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marialaura Corrente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | | | - Erika Grandolfo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
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Guo D, Wang Z, Yao S, Li C, Geng Y, Wang E, Zhao X, Su M, Wei S, Wang X, Feng L, Chang YF, Sun D. Epidemiological investigation reveals genetic diversity and high co-infection rate of canine bocavirus strains circulating in Heilongjiang province, Northeast China. Res Vet Sci 2016; 106:7-13. [PMID: 27234529 PMCID: PMC7111776 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To trace evolution of CBoV in Northeast China, 201 fecal samples from rectal swabs of diarrheic dogs collected from May 2014 to April 2015 were investigated using PCR targeting partial NS1 gene (440 bp). Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the identified CBoV strains was conducted using nucleotide sequences of the partial NS1 gene. The results indicated that 15 of 201 fecal samples (7.5%) were positive for CBoV; the partial NS1 genes of the 15 CBoV strains exhibited 83.1%–100% nucleotide identity, and 75.8%–100% amino acid identity; the entire VP2 gene of five selected CBoV strains exhibited 82.9%–96.8% nucleotide identity, and 90.4%–99.1% amino acid identity. The 15 CBoV strains exhibited high co-infection rates with CPV-2 (40%), CCoV (20%), and CaKV (26.67%). Phylogenetic analysis of the partial NS1 gene revealed that the 15 CBoV strains were divided into different subgroups of CBoV-2 when compared with CBoV-2 strains from South Korea, USA, Germany, and Hong Kong in China. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 gene indicated that five selected CBoV strains were divided into three different genetic groups of CBoV-2, involving in CBoV-2HK group, CBoV-2C group, and CBoV-2B group. The recombination analysis using the entire VP2 gene revealed three potential recombination events that occurred among five selected strains in our study. These data demonstrated that the CBoV strains circulating in Heilongjiang province, Northeast China showed genetic diversities, potential recombination events, and high co-infection rate. Further studies will be required to address the potential pathogenic role of these diverse CBoV strains. Canine bocavirus (CBoV) exhibits high prevalence in Northeast China from 2.8% to 20%. We revealed high co-infection of CBoV with canine parvovirus-2, canine coronavirus, and canine kobuvirus. The CBoV strains circulating in Northeast China show multiple genetic groups. Potential recombination events occur among the CBoV strains circulating in Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Shuang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Chunqiu Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yufei Geng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Enyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Xiwen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Mingjun Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Shan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Li Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
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Tu M, Liu F, Chen S, Wang M, Cheng A. Role of capsid proteins in parvoviruses infection. Virol J 2015; 12:114. [PMID: 26239432 PMCID: PMC4524367 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The parvoviruses are widely spread in many species and are among the smallest DNA animal viruses. The parvovirus is composed of a single strand molecule of DNA wrapped into an icosahedral capsid. In a viral infection, the massy capsid participates in the entire viral infection process, which is summarized in this review. The capsid protein VP1 is primarily responsible for the infectivity of the virus, and the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the VP1 serves as a guide to assist the viral genome in locating the nucleus. The dominant protein VP2 provides an “anti-receptor”, which interacts with the cellular receptor and leads to the further internalization of virus, and, the N-terminal of VP2 also cooperates with the VP1 to prompt the process of nucleus translocation. Additionally, a cleavage protein VP3 is a part of the capsid, which exists only in several members of the parvovirus family; however, the function of this cleavage protein remains to be fully determined. Parvoviruses can suffer from the extreme environmental conditions such as low pH, or even escape from the recognition of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), due to the protection of the stable capsid, which is thought to be an immune escape mechanism. The applications of the capsid proteins to the screening and the treatment of diseases are also discussed. The processes of viral infection should be noted, because understanding the virus-host interactions will contribute to the development of therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Tu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China.
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China.
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China.
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, China.
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Lavan R, Knesl O. Prevalence of canine infectious respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic dogs presented at US animal shelters. J Small Anim Pract 2015. [PMID: 26199194 PMCID: PMC7166506 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of nine canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) pathogens in asymptomatic dogs presented at animal shelters across the United States. METHODS Ocular and oronasal swabs from asymptomatic dogs (n = 503) were tested using qPCR assay for Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV‐2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine herpesvirus type 1 (CHV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), Mycoplasma cynos and Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus. RESULTS A total of 240 (47 · 7%) asymptomatic dogs were PCR‐positive for at least one CIRD pathogen. Prevalence of two‐, three‐, four‐, and five‐pathogen cases was 12 · 7, 3 · 8, 1 · 8, and 0 · 4%, respectively. Mycoplasma cynos (29 · 2%), B. bronchiseptica (19 · 5%), CAV‐2 (12 · 5%), CDV (7 · 4%) and CPIV (3 · 2%) were the most commonly detected pathogens. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence of traditional and newly emerging pathogens associated with CIRD is poorly defined in clinically healthy dogs. This study determined that a high percentage of asymptomatic shelter dogs harbor CIRD pathogens, including the newly emerging pathogen M. cynos and the historically prevalent pathogen B. bronchiseptica.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lavan
- Outcomes Research, Zoetis LLC, Florham Park, NJ, 07940, USA
| | - O Knesl
- Outcomes Research, Zoetis LLC, Florham Park, NJ, 07940, USA.,Regional Marketing, Zoetis LLC, Florham Park, NJ, 07940, USA
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Choi JW, Lee KH, Lee JI, Lee MH, Lee KK, Oem JK. Genetic characteristics of canine bocaviruses in Korean dogs. Vet Microbiol 2015; 179:177-83. [PMID: 26233679 PMCID: PMC7117202 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CBoV strains causing infections in 83 Korean dogs were surveyed. Strains 13D003, 13D0095, 14D142, and 14D193 had pathogenicity in young puppy. These 4 strains also did not contain the ORF region. Absence of the ORF4 region may influence CBoV pathogenesis in dogs.
To survey for canine bocavirus (CBoV) infection, 83 Korean dogs showing several clinical signs were collected in different provinces from January 2013 to July 2014. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization, CBoVs were detected in intestine and/or lung samples of 8 dogs (9.6%). To reveal the genetic characteristics of CBoVs, partial or complete regions of CBoVs were sequenced. In phylogenetic trees, 8 CBoVs fell into three clusters. The CBoV strains 13D226-1, 13D250, and 14Q216 were closely related to the CBoV HK831F strain, and the CBoV 14D142 strain was related to the CBoV HK882F strain. Lastly, CBoV 13D003, 13D095, 14D193, and 14Q209 strains were related to CBoV Dis-023, Dis-040, and Dis-046 strains. Interestingly, no canine pathogens were found in dogs in which four CBoVs (13D003, 13D0095, 14D142, and 14D193 strains) were detected and three of them (13D003, 13D095, and 14D193 strains) had a unique deletion (18 nucleotides) in the VP2 gene. Further, the open reading frame 4 (ORF4) region was absent in these 4CBoVs, but found in the other strains, which indicates that the absence of the ORF4 region rather than a unique deletion may have an influence on the pathogenesis of CBoV in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Choi
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 480 Anyang-6-Dong, Anyang 430-824, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 480 Anyang-6-Dong, Anyang 430-824, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 300 Yonbongdong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 480 Anyang-6-Dong, Anyang 430-824, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 480 Anyang-6-Dong, Anyang 430-824, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 480 Anyang-6-Dong, Anyang 430-824, Republic of Korea.
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Mitchell JA, Brownlie J. The challenges in developing effective canine infectious respiratory disease vaccines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:372-81. [PMID: 25736813 PMCID: PMC7166679 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a disease of multifactorial aetiology, where multiple pathogens act sequentially or synergistically to cause disease. It is common within large dog populations, such as those in re‐homing or training kennels. Vaccines are vital in its management of CIRD, but they often fail to prevent disease. Recently, a number of novel pathogens have been identified in CIRD outbreaks and represent new targets for vaccination. Key findings Innate immune responses provide a vital first line of defence against the infectious agents involved in the development of CIRD. Once breeched, adaptive mucosal immunity is necessary to prevent infection and limit spread. Current vaccines target only a few of the agents involved in CIRD. Evidence, from the limited amount of published data, indicates that although vaccinating against these agents reduces infection rates, duration of shedding and severity of disease, it does not induce sterilising immunity; and this has important consequences for the management of the disease, and the future of CIRD vaccine development. Summary In the process of considering the development of novel CIRD vaccines, this paper focuses on the immunological mechanisms that provide protection for the respiratory tract, the current recommendations for canine vaccination, and the challenges surrounding existing CIRD vaccines, and their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy A Mitchell
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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