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Song P, Zhao J, Zhang W, Li X, Ji B, Zhao J. Vitamin a potentiates sheep myoblasts myogenic differentiation through BHLHE40-modulated ID3 expression. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:244. [PMID: 38443816 PMCID: PMC10913236 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A and retinoic acid (RA, a metabolite of vitamin A), are inextricably involved to the development of skeletal muscle in animals. However, the mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle development by vitamin A remain poorly reported. The current study designed to investigate the underlying mechanism of vitamin A affecting myogenic differentiation of lamb myoblasts through transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and gene function validation experiments. It provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the regulation of vitamin A on skeletal muscle development as well as for improving the economic benefits of the mutton sheep industry. RESULTS Newborn lambs were injected with 7,500 IU vitamin A, and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle tissue was surgically sampled for RNA-Seq analysis and primary myoblasts isolation at 3 weeks of age. The results showed that a total of 14 down-regulated and 3 up-regulated genes, were identified between control and vitamin A groups. Among them, BHLHE40 expression was upregulated in vitamin A group lambs. Furthermore, BHLHE40 expression is significantly increased after initiation of differentiation in myoblasts, and RA addition during differentiation greatly promoted BHLHE40 mRNA expression. In vitro, RA inhibited myoblasts proliferation and promoted myoblasts myogenic differentiation through BHLHE40. Moreover, BHLHE40 was proved to inhibit the expression of the DNA binding inhibitor 3 (ID3), and meanwhile, ID3 could effectively promote myoblasts proliferation and inhibit myoblasts myogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggested that vitamin A inhibited myoblasts proliferation and promoted myoblasts myogenic differentiation by inhibiting ID3 expression through BHLHE40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkang Song
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Taigu, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Taigu, P. R. China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xuying Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bingzhen Ji
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Taigu, P. R. China.
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Challa NVD, Chen S, Yuan H, Duncan MR, Moreno WJ, Bramlett H, Dietrich WD, Benny M, Schmidt AF, Young K, Wu S. GSDMD gene knockout alleviates hyperoxia-induced hippocampal brain injury in neonatal mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:205. [PMID: 37679766 PMCID: PMC10486051 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hyperoxia exposure is associated with brain injury and poor neurodevelopment outcomes in preterm infants. Our previous studies in neonatal rodent models have shown that hyperoxia stimulates the brain's inflammasome pathway, leading to the activation of gasdermin D (GSDMD), a key executor of pyroptotic inflammatory cell death. Moreover, we found pharmacological inhibition of caspase-1, which blocks GSDMD activation, attenuates hyperoxia-induced brain injury in neonatal mice. We hypothesized that GSDMD plays a pathogenic role in hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury and that GSDMD gene knockout (KO) will alleviate hyperoxia-induced brain injury. METHODS Newborn GSDMD knockout mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates were randomized within 24 h after birth to be exposed to room air or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal days 1 to 14. Hippocampal brain inflammatory injury was assessed in brain sections by immunohistology for allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1) and CD68, markers of microglial activation. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Ki-67 staining, and cell death was determined by TUNEL assay. RNA sequencing of the hippocampus was performed to identify the transcriptional effects of hyperoxia and GSDMD-KO, and qRT-PCR was performed to confirm some of the significantly regulated genes. RESULTS Hyperoxia-exposed WT mice had increased microglia consistent with activation, which was associated with decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death in the hippocampal area. Conversely, hyperoxia-exposed GSDMD-KO mice exhibited considerable resistance to hyperoxia as O2 exposure did not increase AIF1 + , CD68 + , or TUNEL + cell numbers or decrease cell proliferation. Hyperoxia exposure differentially regulated 258 genes in WT and only 16 in GSDMD-KO mice compared to room air-exposed WT and GSDMD-KO, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that in the WT brain, hyperoxia differentially regulated genes associated with neuronal and vascular development and differentiation, axonogenesis, glial cell differentiation, hypoxia-induced factor 1 pathway, and neuronal growth factor pathways. These changes were prevented by GSDMD-KO. CONCLUSIONS GSDMD-KO alleviates hyperoxia-induced inflammatory injury, cell survival and death, and alterations of transcriptional gene expression of pathways involved in neuronal growth, development, and differentiation in the hippocampus of neonatal mice. This suggests that GSDMD plays a pathogenic role in preterm brain injury, and targeting GSDMD may be beneficial in preventing and treating brain injury and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Venkata Divya Challa
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew R Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - William Javier Moreno
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Helen Bramlett
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Merline Benny
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Augusto F Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karen Young
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Armstrong MJ, Jin Y, Vattathil SM, Huang Y, Schroeder JP, Bennet DA, Qin ZS, Wingo TS, Jin P. Role of TET1-mediated epigenetic modulation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106257. [PMID: 37562656 PMCID: PMC10530206 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder influenced by a complex interplay of environmental, epigenetic, and genetic factors. DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) are DNA modifications that serve as tissue-specific and temporal regulators of gene expression. TET family enzymes dynamically regulate these epigenetic modifications in response to environmental conditions, connecting environmental factors with gene expression. Previous epigenetic studies have identified 5mC and 5hmC changes associated with AD. In this study, we performed targeted resequencing of TET1 on a cohort of early-onset AD (EOAD) and control samples. Through gene-wise burden analysis, we observed significant enrichment of rare TET1 variants associated with AD (p = 0.04). We also profiled 5hmC in human postmortem brain tissues from AD and control groups. Our analysis identified differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) in key genes responsible for regulating the methylome: TET3, DNMT3L, DNMT3A, and MECP2. To further investigate the role of Tet1 in AD pathogenesis, we used the 5xFAD mouse model with a Tet1 KO allele to examine how Tet1 loss influences AD pathogenesis. We observed significant changes in neuropathology, 5hmC, and RNA expression associated with Tet1 loss, while the behavioral alterations were not significant. The loss of Tet1 significantly increased amyloid plaque burden in the 5xFAD mouse (p = 0.044) and lead to a non-significant trend towards exacerbated AD-associated stress response in 5xFAD mice. At the molecular level, we found significant DhMRs enriched in genes involved in pathways responsible for neuronal projection organization, dendritic spine development and organization, and myelin assembly. RNA-Seq analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of AD-associated genes such as Mpeg1, Ctsd, and Trem2. In conclusion, our results suggest that TET enzymes, particularly TET1, which regulate the methylome, may contribute to AD pathogenesis, as the loss of TET function increases AD-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Armstrong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yulin Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Selina M Vattathil
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yanting Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jason P Schroeder
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David A Bennet
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhaohui S Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Challa NVD, Chen S, Yun H, Duncan MR, Moreno WJ, Bramlett H, Dietrich WD, Benny M, Schmidt AF, Young K, Wu S. GSDMD gene knockout alleviates hyperoxia-induced hippocampal brain injury in neonatal mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3055085. [PMID: 37398125 PMCID: PMC10312931 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3055085/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Neonatal hyperoxia exposure is associated with brain injury and poor neurodevelopment outcomes in preterm infants. Our previous studies in neonatal rodent models have shown that hyperoxia stimulates the brain's inflammasome pathway, leading to the activation of gasdermin D (GSDMD), a key executor of pyroptotic inflammatory cell death. Moreover, we found inhibition of GSDMD activation attenuates hyperoxia-induced brain injury in neonatal mice. We hypothesized that GSDMD plays a pathogenic role in hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury and that GSDMD gene knockout (KO) will alleviate hyperoxia-induced brain injury. Methods: Newborn GSDMD knockout mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates were randomized within 24 h after birth to be exposed to room air or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal day 1 to 14. Hippocampal brain inflammatory injury was assessed in brain sections by immunohistology for allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1), a marker of microglial activation. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Ki-67 staining, and cell death was determined by TUNEL assay. RNA sequencing of the hippocampus was performed to identify the transcriptional effects of hyperoxia and GSDMD-KO, and qRT-PCR was performed to confirm some of the significantly regulated genes. Results: Hyperoxia-exposed WT mice had increased microglia consistent with activation, which was associated with decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death in the hippocampal area. Conversely, hyperoxia-exposed GSDMD-KO mice exhibited considerable resistance to hyperoxia as O2 exposure failed to increase either AIF1+ or TUNEL+ cell numbers, nor decrease cell proliferation. Hyperoxia exposure differentially regulated 258 genes in WT and only 16 in GSDMD-KO mice compared to room air- exposed WT and GSDMD-KO, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that in the WT brain, hyperoxia differentially regulated genes associated with neuronal and vascular development and differentiation, axonogenesis, glial cell differentiation, and core development pathways hypoxia-induced factor 1, and neuronal growth factor pathways. These changes were prevented by GSDMD-KO. Conclusion: GSDMD-KO alleviates hyperoxia-induced inflammatory injury, cell survival and death, and alterations of transcriptional gene expression of pathways involved in neuronal growth, development, and differentiation in the hippocampus of neonatal mice. This suggests that GSDMD plays a pathogenic role in preterm brain injury, and targeting GSDMD may be beneficial in preventing and treating brain injury and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Venkata Divya Challa
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children’s Research Institute and Holtz Children’s Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children’s Research Institute and Holtz Children’s Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Huijun Yun
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children’s Research Institute and Holtz Children’s Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Matthew R Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children’s Research Institute and Holtz Children’s Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Williams Javier Moreno
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Helen Bramlett
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Merline Benny
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children’s Research Institute and Holtz Children’s Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Augusto F Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children’s Research Institute and Holtz Children’s Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karen Young
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children’s Research Institute and Holtz Children’s Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children’s Research Institute and Holtz Children’s Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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5
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Kuperwaser F, Avital G, Vaz MJ, Noble KN, Dammann AN, Randis TM, Aronoff DM, Ratner AJ, Yanai I. Host inflammatory dynamics reveal placental immune modulation by Group B Streptococcus during pregnancy. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e11021. [PMID: 36744393 PMCID: PMC9996236 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a pathobiont that can ascend to the placenta and cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, in part through production of the toxin β-hemolysin/cytolysin (β-h/c). Innate immune cells have been implicated in the response to GBS infection, but the impact of β-h/c on their response is poorly defined. We show that GBS modulates innate immune cell states by subversion of host inflammation through β-h/c, allowing worse outcomes. We used an ascending mouse model of GBS infection to measure placental cell state changes over time following infection with a β-h/c-deficient and isogenic wild type GBS strain. Transcriptomic analysis suggests that β-h/c-producing GBS elicit a worse phenotype through suppression of host inflammatory signaling in placental macrophages and neutrophils, and comparison of human placental macrophages infected with the same strains recapitulates these results. Our findings have implications for identification of new targets in GBS disease to support host defense against pathogenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Kuperwaser
- Institute for Computational MedicineNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Gal Avital
- Institute for Computational MedicineNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Michelle J Vaz
- Department of PediatricsNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Kristen N Noble
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Allison N Dammann
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Tara M Randis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine, Morsani School of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaFLTampaUSA
| | | | - Adam J Ratner
- Department of PediatricsNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Itai Yanai
- Institute for Computational MedicineNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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6
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Wang CY, Qiu ZJ, Zhang P, Tang XQ. Differentiated Embryo-Chondrocyte Expressed Gene1 and Parkinson's Disease: New Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2251-2265. [PMID: 37132111 PMCID: PMC10556388 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230502123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene1 (DEC1), an important transcription factor with a basic helix-loop-helix domain, is ubiquitously expressed in both human embryonic and adult tissues. DEC1 is involved in neural differentiation and neural maturation in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies suggest that DEC1 protects against Parkinson's disease (PD) by regulating apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, immune system, and glucose metabolism disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the role of DEC1 in the pathogenesis of PD and provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of PD and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zheng-Jie Qiu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Li X, Zhang X, Hou X, Bing X, Zhu F, Wu X, Guo N, Zhao H, Xu F, Xia M. Obstructive sleep apnea-increased DEC1 regulates systemic inflammation and oxidative stress that promotes development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Apoptosis 2022; 28:432-446. [PMID: 36484960 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is a common risk factor for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As a hypoxia-induced transcription factor, differentially expressed in chondrocytes (DEC1) negatively regulates the transcription of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), a recognized protective factor of PAH. However, whether and how DEC1 is associated with PAH pathogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we found that DEC1 was increased in lungs and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of rat models of OSA-associated PAH. Oxidative indicators and inflammatory cytokines were also elevated in the blood of the rats. Similarly, hypoxia-treated PASMCs displayed enhanced DEC1 expression and reduced PPARγ expression in vitro. Functionally, DEC1 overexpression exacerbated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) in PASMCs. Conversely, shRNA knockdown of Dec1 increased PPARγ expression but attenuated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in PASMCs. Additionally, DEC1 overexpression promoted PASMC proliferation, which was drastically attenuated by a PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Collectively, these results suggest that hypoxia-induced DEC1 inhibits PPARγ, and that this is a predominant mechanism underpinning oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in PASMCs during PAH. DEC1 could be used as a potential target to treat PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaozhi Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Bing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinhao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fenglei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Involvement of a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Gene BHLHE40 in Specification of Chicken Retinal Pigment Epithelium. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10040045. [PMID: 36412639 PMCID: PMC9680343 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first event of differentiation and morphogenesis in the optic vesicle (OV) is specification of the neural retina (NR) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), separating the inner and outer layers of the optic cup, respectively. Here, we focus on a basic helix-loop-helix gene, BHLHE40, which has been shown to be expressed by the developing RPE in mice and zebrafish. Firstly, we examined the expression pattern of BHLHE40 in the developing chicken eye primordia by in situ hybridization. Secondly, BHLHE40 overexpression was performed with in ovo electroporation and its effects on optic cup morphology and expression of NR and RPE marker genes were examined. Thirdly, we examined the expression pattern of BHLHE40 in LHX1-overexpressed optic cup. BHLHE40 expression emerged in a subset of cells of the OV at Hamburger and Hamilton stage 14 and became confined to the outer layer of the OV and the ciliary marginal zone of the retina by stage 17. BHLHE40 overexpression in the prospective NR resulted in ectopic induction of OTX2 and repression of VSX2. Conversely, BHLHE40 was repressed in the second NR after LHX1 overexpression. These results suggest that emergence of BHLHE40 expression in the OV is involved in initial RPE specification and that BHLHE40 plays a role in separation of the early OV domains by maintaining OTX2 expression and antagonizing an NR developmental program.
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Li B, Chu Y, Yan B, Ma X, Liu D, Wang S, Wang Y, Jia Y. Reciprocal Expression of Differentiated Embryonic Chondrocyte Expressed Genes Result in Functional Antagonism in Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:904-914. [PMID: 33704624 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed genes (DECs) are critical regulators of cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, DEC1 and DEC2 as family member have opposite or identical roles in tumor, acting as an "accelerator" or a "brake" in progression. AIMS The possible crosstalk between DEC1 and DEC2 in the gastric cancer (GC). METHODS The association of DEC1 and DEC2 expression with prognosis was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The expression pattern of DECs in GC cells was examined using the CCLE database. DECs knockdown or overexpression was conducted via lentiviral transfection. The proliferation of GC cells was evaluated by CCK8, EdU, and Colony forming. ChIP and luciferase reporter assays were used to verify interaction between DEC1 and the DEC2 promoter. The combination downstream with DEC1 and DEC2 was predicted by bioinformation, with Western blot providing further verification. RESULTS We found that reciprocal expression of DEC1 and DEC2 works together to sustain the progression of GC by promoting cell growth. We confirmed this observation in vivo, showing that inhibition DEC1expression could increase DEC2 expression. DEC1 suppresses DEC2 expression by directly binding to the E-box of the DEC2 promoter in GC cells. Furthermore, this regulation of DEC1 on DEC2 enables the further indirect or cooperative activation of additional downstream target genes, MAPK, and STAT3. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that DEC1 and DEC2 interact physically and functionally and identify a novel mode of cross-regulatory interaction between DECs that abrogates their functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Li
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yan
- Departments of General Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanrui Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanglin Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China.
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Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312855. [PMID: 34884664 PMCID: PMC8657788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) family is involved in tissue development, cell differentiation, and disease. These factors have transcriptionally positive, negative, and inactive functions by combining dimeric interactions among family members. The best known bHLH TFs are the E-protein homodimers and heterodimers with the tissue-specific TFs or ID proteins. These cooperative and dynamic interactions result in a complex transcriptional network that helps define the cell’s fate. Here, the reported dimeric interactions of 67 vertebrate bHLH TFs with other family members are summarized in tables, including specifications of the experimental techniques that defined the dimers. The compilation of these extensive data underscores homodimers of tissue-specific bHLH TFs as a central part of the bHLH regulatory network, with relevant positive and negative transcriptional regulatory roles. Furthermore, some sequence-specific TFs can also form transcriptionally inactive heterodimers with each other. The function, classification, and developmental role for all vertebrate bHLH TFs in four major classes are detailed.
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11
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Wang X, Sato F, Tanimoto K, Rajeshwaran N, Thangavelu L, Makishima M, Bhawal UK. The Potential Roles of Dec1 and Dec2 in Periodontal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10349. [PMID: 34638690 PMCID: PMC8508764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation is a common inflammatory disease associated with chronic inflammation that can ultimately lead to alveolar attachment loss and bone destruction. Understanding autophagy and pyroptosis has suggested their significant roles in inflammation. In recent years, studies of differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed genes 1 and 2 (Dec1 and Dec2) have shown that they play important functions in autophagy and in pyroptosis, which contribute to the onset of periodontal inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the roles of clock genes, including Dec1 and Dec2, that are related to periodontal inflammation and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan;
| | - Keiji Tanimoto
- Department of Translational Cancer Research, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan;
| | - Niveda Rajeshwaran
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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12
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Patel JC, Singh A, Tulswani R, Sharma YK, Khurana P, Ragumani S. Identification of VEGFA-centric temporal hypoxia-responsive dynamic cardiopulmonary network biomarkers. Life Sci 2021; 281:119718. [PMID: 34147483 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypoxia, a pathophysiological condition, is profound in several cardiopulmonary diseases (CPD). Every individual's lethality to a hypoxia state differs in terms of hypoxia exposure time, dosage units and dependent on the individual's genetic makeup. Most of the proposed markers for CPD were generally aim to distinguish disease samples from normal samples. Although, as per the 2018 GOLD guidelines, clinically useful biomarkers for several cardio pulmonary disease patients in stable condition have yet to be identified. We attempt to address these key issues through the identification of Dynamic Network Biomarkers (DNB) to detect hypoxia induced early warning signals of CPD before the catastrophic deterioration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human microvascular endothelial tissues microarray datasets (GSE11341) of lung and cardiac expose to hypoxia (1% O2) for 3, 24 and 48 h were retrieved from the public repository. The time dependent differentially expressed genes were subjected to tissue specificity and promoter analysis to filtrate the noise levels in the networks and to dissect the tissue specific hypoxia induced genes. These filtered out genes were used to construct the dynamic segmentation networks. The hypoxia induced dynamic differentially expressed genes were validated in the lung and heart tissues of male rats. These rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude of 25,000 or PO2 - 282 mm of Hg) progressively for 3, 24 and 48 h. KEY FINDINGS To identify the temporal key genes regulated in hypoxia, we ranked the dominant genes based on their consolidated topological features from tissue specific networks, time dependent networks and dynamic networks. Overall topological ranking described VEGFA as a single node dynamic hub and strongly communicated with tissue specific genes to carry forward their tissue specific information. We named this type of VEGFAcentric dynamic networks as "V-DNBs". As a proof of principle, our methodology helped us to identify the V-DNBs specific for lung and cardiac tissues namely V-DNBL and V-DNBC respectively. SIGNIFICANCE Our experimental studies identified VEGFA, SLC2A3, ADM and ENO2 as the minimum and sufficient candidates of V-DNBL. The dynamic expression patterns could be readily exploited to capture the pre disease state of hypoxia induced pulmonary vascular remodelling. Whereas in V-DNBC the minimum and sufficient candidates are VEGFA, SCL2A3, ADM, NDRG1, ENO2 and BHLHE40. The time dependent single node expansion indicates V-DNBC could also be the pre disease state pathological hallmark for hypoxia-associated cardiovascular remodelling. The network cross-talk and expression pattern between V-DNBL and V-DNBC are completely distinct. On the other hand, the great clinical advantage of V-DNBs for pre disease predictions, a set of samples during the healthy condition should suffice. Future clinical studies might further shed light on the predictive power of V-DNBs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for CPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Chand Patel
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Rajkumar Tulswani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Khurana
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Sugadev Ragumani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
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13
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Aji A, Aihemaiti R, Zou S, Maisiyiti A, Zhang C, Liu R, Sulidan X. BHLHE40 modulates post-traumatic stress disorder behaviors with the involvement of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201708. [PMID: 34161515 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is closely related to the exposure to traumatic events and results in the structural and functional changes of hippocampus. Human basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (BHLHE40) was reported to be implicated with neuron maturity and neuronal differentiation. The present study aimed to reveal the role of BHLHE40 on single-prolonged stress (SPS) model of PTSD in mice. The morris water maze test, open field test and contextual fear test were conducted to assess memory deficits, anxiety-like behaviors, and freezing of mice. Western blot was performed to identify proteins and reveal their levels in hippocampal tissues. We found that mice receiving SPS exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors, memory deficits, and prolonged freezing time. The protein levels of BHLHE40 were downregulated in the hippocampal tissues of SPS mice. SPS reduced the protein levels of glutamate receptors, while overexpression of BHLHE40 promoted glutamate receptor protein levels in SPS mice. Moreover, BHLHE40 overexpression activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. BHLHE40 overexpression ameliorated the SPS-induced PTSD-like behavioral deficits. Overall, BHLHE40 promotes glutamate receptor protein levels to ameliorate PTSD-like behaviors with the involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway. This novel discovery may provide a potential target for the improvement of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Aji
- Department of Clinical Psychology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rena Aihemaiti
- Department of Second Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Xinjiang in China, Urumuqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shaohong Zou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Alimujiang Maisiyiti
- Department of minimally invasive surgery, hernia and abdominal wall surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaokaiti Sulidan
- Department of Second Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Xinjiang in China, Urumuqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
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14
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Hayashi AM, Misaki T, Yoshida S, Tokutake H, Aruga T, Yoda K, Kenmochi E, Saito K, Togashi M, Nakano M, Maejima M, Amemiya R, Sakuma A, Nakazawa Y, Takagi K, Tsukada A, Yamada K. Retinoic acid stimulates transcription of the rat SHARP-2 gene via multiple pathways. J Biochem 2021; 170:427-434. [PMID: 33964145 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the enhancer of split- and hairy-related protein (SHARP) family, SHARP-1 and SHARP-2, are basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressors and belong to the clock genes. In this study, an effect of retinoic acid (RA) on the SHARP family gene expression in the differentiated cells was examined. RA rapidly and temporarily induced the SHARP-2 mRNA expression in hepatic H4IIE cells. Then, whether the SHARP-2 mRNA expression is altered by dexamethasone (Dex), insulin, and the combination of RA and Dex or RA and insulin was examined. Dex had different effects on the expression of SHARP-2 mRNA in the presence or absence of RA. Then, the molecular mechanisms were investigated using inhibitors of various signaling molecules. The RA-induction of SHARP-2 mRNA level was mainly inhibited by LY294002, staurosporine, and actinomycin D, respectively. Finally, whether RA acts on the transcriptional regulatory region of the SHARP-2 gene was analyzed using luciferase reporter gene assay. At least two RA-responsive regions were mapped at the nucleotide sequences between -3,700 and -1,600 of the SHARP-2 gene. In addition, this effect was dependent on the retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor. Thus, we conclude that RA stimulated transcription of the SHARP-2 gene via multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Authors Momoko Hayashi
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Toshinori Misaki
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Sena Yoshida
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokutake
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aruga
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoda
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Eri Kenmochi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Kaho Saito
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Momo Togashi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Mai Nakano
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Misato Maejima
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Riho Amemiya
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Airi Sakuma
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Yuuri Nakazawa
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takagi
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan.,Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsukada
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamada
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan.,Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, 2095-1 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1295, Japan
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15
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Butterfield NC, Curry KF, Steinberg J, Dewhurst H, Komla-Ebri D, Mannan NS, Adoum AT, Leitch VD, Logan JG, Waung JA, Ghirardello E, Southam L, Youlten SE, Wilkinson JM, McAninch EA, Vancollie VE, Kussy F, White JK, Lelliott CJ, Adams DJ, Jacques R, Bianco AC, Boyde A, Zeggini E, Croucher PI, Williams GR, Bassett JHD. Accelerating functional gene discovery in osteoarthritis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:467. [PMID: 33473114 PMCID: PMC7817695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis causes debilitating pain and disability, resulting in a considerable socioeconomic burden, yet no drugs are available that prevent disease onset or progression. Here, we develop, validate and use rapid-throughput imaging techniques to identify abnormal joint phenotypes in randomly selected mutant mice generated by the International Knockout Mouse Consortium. We identify 14 genes with functional involvement in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, including the homeobox gene Pitx1, and functionally characterize 6 candidate human osteoarthritis genes in mouse models. We demonstrate sensitivity of the methods by identifying age-related degenerative joint damage in wild-type mice. Finally, we phenotype previously generated mutant mice with an osteoarthritis-associated polymorphism in the Dio2 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and demonstrate a protective role in disease onset with public health implications. We hope this expanding resource of mutant mice will accelerate functional gene discovery in osteoarthritis and offer drug discovery opportunities for this common, incapacitating chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Katherine F Curry
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julia Steinberg
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Hannah Dewhurst
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Davide Komla-Ebri
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Naila S Mannan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anne-Tounsia Adoum
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Victoria D Leitch
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - John G Logan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julian A Waung
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elena Ghirardello
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Scott E Youlten
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - J Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
- Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing and Sheffield Healthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Elizabeth A McAninch
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Fiona Kussy
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jacqueline K White
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | | | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Richard Jacques
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alan Boyde
- Dental Physical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Peter I Croucher
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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16
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Cook ME, Jarjour NN, Lin CC, Edelson BT. Transcription Factor Bhlhe40 in Immunity and Autoimmunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:1023-1036. [PMID: 33039338 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (TF) Bhlhe40 is emerging as a key regulator of immunity during infection, autoimmunity, and inflammatory conditions. We describe the roles of Bhlhe40 in the circulating and tissue-resident arms of the immune system, with emphasis on recent work on the regulation of cytokine production and proliferation. We explore the mechanisms behind these functions in mouse models and human cells, including interactions with other TFs, and propose that Bhlhe40 is a central mediator of both inflammation and pathogen control, as well as a crucial regulator of a growing number of tissue-resident leukocyte populations. Finally, we suggest areas for further study that may advance our understanding of immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicholas N Jarjour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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17
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Bahrami A, Bo S, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on ageing: Molecular mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 58:101024. [PMID: 32006687 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human ageing is determined by degenerative alterations and processes with different manifestations such as gradual organ dysfunction, tissue function loss, increased population of aged (senescent) cells, incapability of maintaining homeostasis and reduced repair capacity, which collectively lead to an increased risk of diseases and death. The inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase (statins) are the most widely used lipid-lowering agents, which can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence has documented several pleiotropic effects of statins in addition to their lipid-lowering properties. Recently, several studies have highlighted that statins may have the potential to delay the ageing process and inhibit the onset of senescence. In this review, we focused on the anti-ageing mechanisms of statin drugs and their effects on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases.
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18
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Kiss Z, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Non-circadian aspects of BHLHE40 cellular function in cancer. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:1-19. [PMID: 32577154 PMCID: PMC7289903 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While many genes specifically act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, others are tumor promoters or suppressors in a context-dependent manner. Here we will review the basic-helix-loop-helix (BHLH) protein BHLHE40, (also known as BHLHB2, STRA13, DEC1, or SHARP2) which is overexpressed in gastric, breast, and brain tumors; and downregulated in colorectal, esophageal, pancreatic and lung cancer. As a transcription factor, BHLHE40 is expressed in the nucleus, where it binds to target gene promoters containing the E-box hexanucleotide sequence, but can also be expressed in the cytoplasm, where it stabilizes cyclin E, preventing cyclin E-mediated DNA replication and cell cycle progression. In different organs BHLHE40 regulates different targets; hence may have different impacts on tumorigenesis. BHLHE40 promotes PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation in breast cancer, activating tumor progression, but suppresses STAT1 expression in clear cell carcinoma, triggering tumor suppression. Target specificity likely depends on cooperation with other transcription factors. BHLHE40 is activated in lung and esophageal carcinoma by the tumor suppressor p53 inducing senescence and suppressing tumor growth, but is also activated under hypoxic conditions by HIF-1α in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinomas, stimulating tumor progression. Thus, BHLHE40 is a multi-functional protein that mediates the promotion or suppression of cancer in a context dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Kiss
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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19
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Zhu Z, Yichen W, Ziheng Z, Dinghao G, Ming L, Wei L, Enfang S, Gang H, Honda H, Jian Y. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in DEC1 deficient mice potentially involves the decrease of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12733-12753. [PMID: 31884423 PMCID: PMC6949058 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here we study the effects of differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1(DEC1) deficiency on midbrain dopaminergic(DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc) through behavioral, histological and molecular analysis. We have found that compared to the age-matched WT mice, DEC1 deficient mice show a decrease in locomotor activity and motor coordination, which shows the main features of Parkinson's disease(PD). But there is no significant difference in spatial learning and memory skills between WT and DEC1 KO mice. Compared to the age-matched WT mice, DEC1 deficient mice exhibit the loss of DA neurons in the SNpc and reduction of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum. The activated caspase-3 and TH/TUNEL+ cells increase in the SNpc of 6- and 12-month-old DEC1 KO mice compared to those of the age-matched WT mice. But we haven't found any NeuN/TUNEL+ cell increase in the hippocampus of the above two types of mice at the age of 6 months. Furthermore, DEC1 deficiency leads to a significant inhibition of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Additionally, LiCl could rescue the DA neuron loss of midbrain in the 6-month-old DEC1 KO mice. Taken together, the loss of DA neurons in the DEC1 deficient mice potentially involves the downregulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,, Department of Pharmacology Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Yichen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang Ziheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Dinghao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Enfang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Gang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,, Department of Pharmacology Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yang Jian
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chang HC, Kao CH, Chung SY, Chen WC, Aninda LP, Chen YH, Juan YA, Chen SL. Bhlhe40 differentially regulates the function and number of peroxisomes and mitochondria in myogenic cells. Redox Biol 2018; 20:321-333. [PMID: 30391825 PMCID: PMC6218633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a key regulator of oxidative metabolism facilitating the expression of genes critical for the function and biogenesis of the two key oxidative organelles, mitochondria and peroxisomes, in skeletal muscle (SKM) and other organs. Our recent studies have found that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 negatively regulates PGC-1α gene expression and its coactivational activity, therefore, this factor should have profound influence on the biogenesis and metabolic activity of mitochondria and peroxisomes. Here we found that both the number and activity of peroxisomes were increased upon knockdown of Bhlhe40 expression but were repressed by its over-expression. Mitochondrial efficiency was significantly reduced by Bhlhe40 knockdown, resulting in the burst of ROS. Over-expression of a constitutively active PGC-1α-interactive domain (named as VBH135) of Bhlhe40 mimicked the effects of its knockdown on peroxisomes but simultaneously reduced ROS level. Furthermore, the efficiency, but not the number, of mitochondria was also increased by VBH135, suggesting differential regulation of peroxisomes and mitochondria by Bhlhe40. Unsaturated fatty acid oxidation, insulin response, and oxidative respiration were highly enhanced in Bhlhe40 knockdown or VBH135 over-expressed cells, suggesting the importance of Bhlhe40 in the regulation of unsaturated fatty acid and glucose oxidative metabolism. Expression profiling of genes important for either organelle also supports differential regulation of peroxisomes and mitochondria by Bhlhe40. These observations have established the important role of Bhlhe40 in SKM oxidative metabolism as the critical regulator of peroxisome and mitochondrion biogenesis and functions, and thus should provide a novel route for developing drugs targeting SKM metabolic diseases. Knockout of Bhlhe40 increased ROS but over-expression of Bhlhe40 reduced ROS. Peroxisome number was increased by Bhlhe40 knockout or VBH135 overexpression. Mitochondrial efficiency was reduced by Bhlhe40 knockout but increased by VBH135. Oxidative respiration was enhanced by Bhlhe40 knockdown or VBH135 overexpression. Bhlhe40 repressed PGC-1α coactivation of nuclear gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Chia Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien Han Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih Ying Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lulus Putri Aninda
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi Huan Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi An Juan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen Liang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, ROC.
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Kim IS, Zhang F, Bhawal UK. The Role of the Hypoxia Responsive Gene DEC1 in Periodontal Inflammation. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Shin Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Honam University
| | - Fengzhu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Research Institute of Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Department of Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
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22
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Huang Y, Lai X, Hu L, Lei C, Lan X, Zhang C, Ma Y, Zheng L, Bai Y, Lin F, Chen H. Over‐expression of DEC1 inhibits myogenic differentiation by modulating MyoG activity in bovine satellite cell. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9365-9374. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xinsheng Lai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- The Laboratory of Synaptic Development and Plasticity, Institute of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- School of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Linyong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular BiologyJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal UniversityInstitute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro‐Bioresources in Dabie MountainsXinyangHenanChina
| | - Li Zheng
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and EconomyZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yue‐Yu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Fengpeng Lin
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Biyang CountyBiyangHenanChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Abstract
Huynh et al. and Yu et al. demonstrate that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 acts is a repressor of IL-10 production during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Toxoplasma gondii. Deletion of Bhlhe40 in both cases resulted in chronic infection and increased pathogen load as a consequence of increased IL-10 production. In this issue of JEM, two complementary manuscripts by Huynh et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171704) and Yu et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170155) demonstrate that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 acts as a repressor of IL-10 production during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Toxoplasma gondii. Deletion of Bhlhe40 in both cases resulted in chronic infection and increased pathogen load as a consequence of increased IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Gabryšová
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
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P19 Cells as a Model for Studying the Circadian Clock in Stem Cells before and after Cell Differentiation. J Circadian Rhythms 2018; 16:6. [PMID: 30210566 PMCID: PMC6083773 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, circadian rhythmicity is sustained via a transcriptional/translational feedback loop referred to as the canonical molecular circadian clock. Circadian rhythm is absent in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells; it begins only after differentiation. We used pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells to check the biological clock before and after differentiation into neurons using retinoic acid. We show that the central clock genes ARNTL (Bmal), Per2 and Per3, and the peripheral clock genes Rev-erb-α and ROR-α, oscillate before and after differentiation, as does the expression of the neuronal differentiation markers Hes5, β-3-tubulin (Tubb3) and Stra13, but not Neurod1. Furthermore, the known clock-modulating compounds ERK, EGFR, Pi3K, p38, DNA methylation and Sirtiun inhibitors, in addition to Rev-erb-α ligands, modulate the expression of central and peripheral clock genes. Interestingly Sirtinol, Sirt1 and Sirt2 inhibitors had the greatest significant effect on the expression of clock genes, and increased Hes5 and Tubb3 expression during neuronal differentiation. Our findings reveal a new frontier of circadian clock research in stem cells: contrary to what has been published previously, we have shown the clock to be functional and to oscillate, even in undifferentiated stem cells. Modulating the expression of clock genes using small molecules could affect stem cell differentiation.
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Hamilton KA, Wang Y, Raefsky SM, Berkowitz S, Spangler R, Suire CN, Camandola S, Lipsky RH, Mattson MP. Mice lacking the transcriptional regulator Bhlhe40 have enhanced neuronal excitability and impaired synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196223. [PMID: 29715265 PMCID: PMC5929507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bhlhe40 is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the hippocampus; however, its role in neuronal function is not well understood. Here, we used Bhlhe40 null mice on a congenic C57Bl6/J background (Bhlhe40 KO) to investigate the impact of Bhlhe40 on neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Bhlhe40 KO CA1 neurons had increased miniature excitatory post-synaptic current amplitude and decreased inhibitory post-synaptic current amplitude, indicating CA1 neuronal hyperexcitability. Increased CA1 neuronal excitability was not associated with increased seizure severity as Bhlhe40 KO relative to +/+ (WT) control mice injected with the convulsant kainic acid. However, significant reductions in long term potentiation and long term depression at CA1 synapses were observed in Bhlhe40 KO mice, indicating impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Behavioral testing for spatial learning and memory on the Morris Water Maze (MWM) revealed that while Bhlhe40 KO mice performed similarly to WT controls initially, when the hidden platform was moved to the opposite quadrant Bhlhe40 KO mice showed impairments in relearning, consistent with decreased hippocampal synaptic plasticity. To investigate possible mechanisms for increased neuronal excitability and decreased synaptic plasticity, a whole genome mRNA expression profile of Bhlhe40 KO hippocampus was performed followed by a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) screen of the validated candidate genes for Bhlhe40 protein-DNA interactions consistent with transcriptional regulation. Of the validated genes identified from mRNA expression analysis, insulin degrading enzyme (Ide) had the most significantly altered expression in hippocampus and was significantly downregulated on the RNA and protein levels; although Bhlhe40 did not occupy the Ide gene by ChIP-Seq. Together, these findings support a role for Bhlhe40 in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and that indirect regulation of Ide transcription may be involved in these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Hamilton
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sophia M. Raefsky
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sean Berkowitz
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ryan Spangler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Caitlin N. Suire
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Lipsky
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Regulation of B-1a cells: another novel function of the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional regulator BHLHE41. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:802-804. [PMID: 29026219 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Zhu Z, Wang Y, Ge D, Lu M, Liu W, Xiong J, Hu G, Li X, Yang J. Downregulation of DEC1 contributes to the neurotoxicity induced by MPP + by suppressing PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:736-747. [PMID: 28734031 PMCID: PMC6492752 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1 (DEC1) is involved in the neuronal differentiation and development. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of DEC1 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPP+ )-induced PD model. METHODS The location of DEC1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons were detected by immunofluorescence. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse subacute model of PD was established to evaluate the change of DEC1 expression in midbrain. Then, SH-SY5Y cells were used to investigate the role of DEC1 in MPP+ -induced neurotoxicity. RESULTS We showed that the co-expressed DEC1 and TH neurons took up more than 80% of the expressed TH neurons in the midbrain of mice. DEC1/TH double-positive neurons decreased by 40.6% in SNpc and 28.8% in VTA of MPTP-injured mice. Consistently, DEC1, TH and dopamine transporter (DAT) expression decreased in the midbrain of MPTP mice. In SY-SY5Y cells, MPP+ significantly suppressed DEC1 expression and increased the cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2. DEC1 overexpression relieved, whereas DEC1 knockdown aggravated MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity. Likewise, DEC1 overexpression and knockdown inversely regulated the expression of β-catenin and PI3Kp110α (PIK3CA), an essential role in Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Interestingly, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling, aggravated, whereas LiCl, an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, abolished the reduction in DEC1 by MPP+ . It is established that these two pathways are interconnected by the phosphorylation status of GSK3β. DEC1 overexpression increased but MPP+ and DEC1 knockdown decreased GSK3β phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Downregulation of DEC1 contributes to MPP+ -induced neurotoxicity by suppressing PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu‐Wen Wang
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ding‐Hao Ge
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao‐Ping Li
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of pharmacologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Li XM, Lin W, Wang J, Zhang W, Yin AA, Huang Y, Zhang J, Yao L, Bian H, Zhang J, Zhang X. Dec1 expression predicts prognosis and the response to temozolomide chemotherapy in patients with glioma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5626-5636. [PMID: 27840944 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryo chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (Dec1), a crucial cell differentiation mediator and apoptosis inhibitor, is abundantly expressed in various types of human cancer and is associated with malignant tumor progression. As poor differentiation and low apoptosis are closely associated with poor survival rates and a poor response to radio/chemotherapy in patients with cancer, the prognostic value of Dec1 expression was examined in the present study and its correlation with response to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy was analyzed in patients with glioma. Dec1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 157 samples of newly diagnosed glioma and 63 recurrent glioblastoma cases that relapsed during TMZ chemotherapy. Correlations with clinical variables, prognosis and the response to TMZ chemotherapy were analyzed in the newly diagnosed gliomas. Dec1 expression was also compared with the apoptosis index determined by TdT‑mediated dUTP nick ending‑labeling assay in recurrent glioblastomas. The antiglioma effect of TMZ in nude mice xenografts with Dec1 expression was examined in vivo. High expression of Dec1, which was significantly associated with high pathological tumor grade and poor response to TMZ chemotherapy, was demonstrated to be an unfavorable independent prognostic factor and predicted poor survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioma. In patients with recurrent glioblastoma, there was a negative correlation between Dec1 expression and the apoptotic index. In nude mice treated with TMZ, Dec1 overexpression potentiated proliferation, but attenuated TMZ‑induced apoptosis. In conclusion, Dec1 is a prognostic factor for the clinical outcome and a predictive factor for the response to TMZ chemotherapy in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - An-An Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Libo Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Huan Bian
- Cadet Brigade Team Three, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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An Integrative Analysis of Preeclampsia Based on the Construction of an Extended Composite Network Featuring Protein-Protein Physical Interactions and Transcriptional Relationships. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165849. [PMID: 27802351 PMCID: PMC5089765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder defined by hypertension and proteinuria. This disease remains a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Defective placentation is generally described as being at the root of the disease. The characterization of the transcriptome signature of the preeclamptic placenta has allowed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). However, we still lack a detailed knowledge on how these DEGs impact the function of the placenta. The tools of network biology offer a methodology to explore complex diseases at a systems level. In this study we performed a cross-platform meta-analysis of seven publically available gene expression datasets comparing non-pathological and preeclamptic placentas. Using the rank product algorithm we identified a total of 369 DEGs consistently modified in PE. The DEGs were used as seeds to build both an extended physical protein-protein interactions network and a transcription factors regulatory network. Topological and clustering analysis was conducted to analyze the connectivity properties of the networks. Finally both networks were merged into a composite network which presents an integrated view of the regulatory pathways involved in preeclampsia and the crosstalk between them. This network is a useful tool to explore the relationship between the DEGs and enable hypothesis generation for functional experimentation.
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Butler MP, Honma S, Fukumoto T, Kawamoto T, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M, Kato Y, Honma KI. Dec1 and Dec2 Expression is Disrupted in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei of Clock Mutant Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 19:126-34. [PMID: 15038852 DOI: 10.1177/0748730403262870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
DEC1 and DEC2 are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that functionally resemble negative feedback components of the mammalian circadian clock. The genes Dec1 and Dec2 are expressed rhythmically in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei, and Dec1 expression is stimulated by light in a timedependent manner with the kinetics of an immediate early gene. DEC1 and DEC2 can inhibit CLOCK:BMAL1 transactivation of the clock gene Per1, suggesting that these transcription factors may help regulate circadian timing. The authors present data on the expression pattern of Dec1 and Dec2 in wild-type and homozygous Clock mutant mice. In the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the Clock mutation significantly reduces the expression of Dec1 and Dec2. Dec1 becomes arrhythmic; Dec2 remains weakly rhythmic in a 12L:12D light-dark cycle but is arrhythmic in constant darkness. A robust attenuation of the Dec1 and Dec2 signals in Clock mutant mice was detected in all brain areas examined. These data point to up-regulation of Dec1 and Dec2 by Clock in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Preston Butler
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Noshiro M, Furukawa M, Honma S, Kawamoto T, Hamada T, Honma KI, Kato Y. Tissue-Specific Disruption of Rhythmic Expression of Dec1 and Dec2 in Clock Mutant Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 20:404-18. [PMID: 16267380 DOI: 10.1177/0748730405280195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
DEC1 and DEC2—basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors—exhibit a circadian expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other peripheral tissues and seem to play roles in regulating the mammalian circadian rhythm by suppressing the CLOCK/BMAL1-activated promoters of Per1, Dec1, and Dec2. The authors present data on the expression patterns of mRNA for Dec1, Dec2, Per2, Dbp, and Npas2 in various tissues of wild-type and homozygous Clock mutant mice ( Clock/ Clock). The Clock mutation resulted in extreme reduction of Dec1 expression in kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle but not in liver, whereas it strongly repressed Dec2 expression in liver, kidney, and heart, while Dec2 expression in skeletal muscle remained rhythmic. Per2 also showed the tissue-dependent disruption of the rhythmicity by Clock mutation, whereas rhythmic expression of Dbp in Clock mutant mice disappeared in all tissues examined. Npas2, a structurally and functionally related gene to Clock, showed significant levels of expression in the liver and kidney with a robust rhythmicity, which was also affected by Clock mutation. These marked changes in the Dec1 and Dec2 expression, as well as in the Per2, Dbp, and Npas2 expression in the periphery by Clock mutation, indicated that CLOCK plays a major role in the expression of these genes in most tissues. However, circadian expression of Dec1 in liver and kidney and that of Dec2 in skeletal muscle of Clock mutant mice suggested that CLOCK-independent circadian regulation operates in some tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Ding Y, Shao X, Li X, Zhai Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Fang H. Identification of candidate genes in atopic dermatitis based on bioinformatic methods. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:791-800. [PMID: 26967585 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or relapsing inflammatory disorder of the skin that frequently precedes asthma and allergic disorders. This study aimed to identify candidate genes related to AD using bioinformatic methods. METHODS The microarray data of GSE32924, including 12 nonlesional AD (ANL) and 13 lesional AD (AL) skin samples obtained from 14 patients with AD as well as eight other normal human skin samples, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in ANL and AL skin samples compared with normal controls, followed by gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Furthermore, the selected overlapping DEGs were analyzed to identify co-expressed genes, and a co-expression network was established. GeneCodis database was selected for functional annotation of the differentially co-expressed genes and a regulatory network was constructed. RESULTS Compared with normal controls, 438 DEGs were identified in ANL skin samples and were mainly enriched in two pathways and the GO terms associated with epidermis development. Besides, 779 DEGs were identified in AL skin samples and were mainly enriched in four pathways and GO terms associated with immune response. Stimulated by retinoic acid 13 (STRA13), presenilin enhancer gamma secretase subunit (PSENEN), and nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 2 (NAP1L2) were significantly enriched by integration analysis of the co-expression and regulatory network. CONCLUSION Genes STRA13, PSENEN, and NAP1L2 were presumed to play critical roles in AD and they may serve as potential targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguo Ding
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - You Zhai
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Fujita Y, Makishima M, Bhawal UK. Differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1 (DEC1) is a novel negative regulator of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in aging mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:477-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Sato F, Bhawal UK, Yoshimura T, Muragaki Y. DEC1 and DEC2 Crosstalk between Circadian Rhythm and Tumor Progression. J Cancer 2016; 7:153-9. [PMID: 26819638 PMCID: PMC4716847 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clock genes, major regulators of circadian rhythm, are involved in tumor progression. We have shown that clock genes basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) transcription factors, differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1 (DEC1/BHLHE40/Sharp2/Stra13) and DEC2 (BHLHE41/Sharp1) play important roles in circadian rhythm, cell proliferation, apoptosis, hypoxia response, various stresses, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. Various stresses, such as exposure to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), hypoxia, cytokines, serum-free, and anti-tumor drugs affect DEC1 and DEC2 expression. An increased or decreased expression of DEC1 and DEC2 regulated tumor progression. However, DEC1 and DEC2 have opposite effects in tumor progression, where the reason behind remains unclear. We found that DEC2 has circadian expression in implanted mouse sarcoma cells, suggesting that DEC2 regulates tumor progression under circadian rhythm. In addition to that, we showed that DEC1 and DEC2 regulate target genes via positive or negative feedback system in tumor progression. We propose that DEC1 and DEC2 act as an accelerator or a brake in tumor progression. In this review, we summarize current progress of knowledge in the function of DEC1 and DEC2 genes in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- 2. Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshimura
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- 1. Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Shang W, Liu J, Chen R, Ning R, Xiong J, Liu W, Mao Z, Hu G, Yang J. Fluoxetine reduces CES1, CES2, and CYP3A4 expression through decreasing PXR and increasing DEC1 in HepG2 cells. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:393-405. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1082209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bhlhe40 Represses PGC-1α Activity on Metabolic Gene Promoters in Myogenic Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2518-29. [PMID: 25963661 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00387-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator promoting oxidative metabolism in many tissues. Its expression in skeletal muscle (SKM) is induced by hypoxia and reactive oxidative species (ROS) generated during exercise, suggesting that PGC-1α might mediate the cross talk between oxidative metabolism and cellular responses to hypoxia and ROS. Here we found that PGC-1α directly interacted with Bhlhe40, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor induced by hypoxia, and protects SKM from ROS damage, and they cooccupied PGC-1α-targeted gene promoters/enhancers, which in turn repressed PGC-1α transactivational activity. Bhlhe40 repressed PGC-1α activity through recruiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and preventing the relief of PGC-1α intramolecular repression caused by its own intrinsic suppressor domain. Knockdown of Bhlhe40 mRNA increased levels of ROS, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial DNA, and expression of PGC-1α target genes. Similar effects were also observed when the Bhlhe40-mediated repression was rescued by a dominantly active form of the PGC-1α-interacting domain (PID) from Bhlhe40. We further found that Bhlhe40-mediated repression can be largely relieved by exercise, in which its recruitment to PGC-1α-targeted cis elements was significantly reduced. These observations suggest that Bhlhe40 is a novel regulator of PGC-1α activity repressing oxidative metabolism gene expression and mitochondrion biogenesis in sedentary SKM.
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Chen R, Wang Y, Ning R, Hu J, Liu W, Xiong J, Wu L, Liu J, Hu G, Yang J. Decreased carboxylesterases expression and hydrolytic activity in type 2 diabetic mice through Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α/Stra13 pathway. Xenobiotica 2015; 45:782-93. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Environment drives selection and function of enhancers controlling tissue-specific macrophage identities. Cell 2015; 159:1327-40. [PMID: 25480297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 936] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages reside in essentially all tissues of the body and play key roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. Distinct populations of tissue macrophages also acquire context-specific functions that are important for normal tissue homeostasis. To investigate mechanisms responsible for tissue-specific functions, we analyzed the transcriptomes and enhancer landscapes of brain microglia and resident macrophages of the peritoneal cavity. In addition, we exploited natural genetic variation as a genome-wide "mutagenesis" strategy to identify DNA recognition motifs for transcription factors that promote common or subset-specific binding of the macrophage lineage-determining factor PU.1. We find that distinct tissue environments drive divergent programs of gene expression by differentially activating a common enhancer repertoire and by inducing the expression of divergent secondary transcription factors that collaborate with PU.1 to establish tissue-specific enhancers. These findings provide insights into molecular mechanisms by which tissue environment influences macrophage phenotypes that are likely to be broadly applicable to other cell types.
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Hu S, Shang W, Yue H, Chen R, Dong Z, Hu J, Mao Z, Yang J. Differentiated embryonic chondrocytes 1 expression of periodontal ligament tissue and gingival tissue in the patients with chronic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 60:517-25. [PMID: 25575296 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the DEC1 expression of periodontal ligament tissue and gingival tissue in the patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS 20 non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis and 20 healthy individuals were enrolled. Periodontal ligament tissue and gingival tissue samples from healthy subjects were collected during teeth extraction for orthodontic reason or the third molar extraction. The parallel samples from patients with chronic periodontitis were obtained during periodontal flap operations or teeth extraction as part of periodontal treatment. The DEC1 expression and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of both the periodontal ligament tissue and gingival tissue were determined by Western blot, Immunohistochemistry and ALP Detection Kit. RESULTS The DEC1 expression of periodontal ligament tissue in the patients with chronic periodontitis decreased significantly along with the decreased ALP activity. On the contrary, the DEC1 expression of gingival tissue in the patients with chronic periodontitis increased significantly. Further study found that the DEC1 expression of gingival tissue increased mainly in the suprabasal layer of gingival epithelial cells but decreased in the gingival connective tissue of the patients with chronic periodontitis. CONCLUSION The DEC1 expression decreases in the periodontal ligament tissue which is related to the osteogenic capacity, whereas the DEC1 expression increases in the suprabasal layer of gingival epithelial cells which are involved in immune inflammatory response in the patients with chronic periodontitis. The findings provide a new target to explore the pathology and the therapy of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenlin Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruini Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing, China.
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Wu Y, Sato H, Suzuki T, Yoshizawa T, Morohashi S, Seino H, Kawamoto T, Fujimoto K, Kato Y, Kijima H. Involvement of c-Myc in the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells induced by bHLH transcription factor DEC2. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:815-20. [PMID: 25524285 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (DEC1; BHLHE40/Stra13/Sharp2) and differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed gene 2 (DEC2; BHLHE41/Sharp1) are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional factors that are involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, circadian rhythms, response to hypoxia and carcinogenesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of DECs is induced under hypoxic conditions in various normal and cancer cell lines. In the present study, using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, we demonstrated that hypoxia induced the expression of DEC1 and DEC2 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells; their expression levels reached a peak at different time points. In particular, we found that the expression pattern of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α protein was similar to DEC1, and that of the HIF-2α protein was identical to that of DEC2. The knockdown of HIF-2α using siRNA suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, as well as the expression of DEC2 and c-Myc. Hypoxia failed to affect the expression of DEC2 and c-Myc when the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was blocked. In addition, the overexpression of DEC1 and DEC2 was induced by transfecting the cells with a pcDNA vector. The overexpression of DEC2, but not that of DEC1, increased the proliferation of the MCF-7 cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Concomitantly, the expression of c-Myc was upregulated by exposure to hypoxia and by the overexpression of DEC2. In conclusion, DEC2 participates in hypoxia-induced cell proliferation by functioning as a target gene of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulating the expression of c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Sato
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Satoko Morohashi
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroko Seino
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Humphreys GI, Ziegler YS, Nardulli AM. 17β-estradiol modulates gene expression in the female mouse cerebral cortex. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111975. [PMID: 25372139 PMCID: PMC4221195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) plays critical roles in a number of target tissues including the mammary gland, reproductive tract, bone, and brain. Although it is clear that E2 reduces inflammation and ischemia-induced damage in the cerebral cortex, the molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of E2 in this brain region are lacking. Thus, we examined the cortical transcriptome using a mouse model system. Female adult mice were ovariectomized and implanted with silastic tubing containing oil or E2. After 7 days, the cerebral cortices were dissected and RNA was isolated and analyzed using RNA-sequencing. Analysis of the transcriptomes of control and E2-treated animals revealed that E2 treatment significantly altered the transcript levels of 88 genes. These genes were associated with long term synaptic potentiation, myelination, phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, mitogen activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. E2 also altered the expression of genes linked to lipid synthesis and metabolism, vasoconstriction and vasodilation, cell-cell communication, and histone modification. These results demonstrate the far-reaching and diverse effects of E2 in the cerebral cortex and provide valuable insight to begin to understand cortical processes that may fluctuate in a dynamic hormonal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn I. Humphreys
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yvonne S. Ziegler
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Nardulli
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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USP17- and SCFβTrCP--regulated degradation of DEC1 controls the DNA damage response. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:4177-85. [PMID: 25202122 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00530-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to genotoxic stress, DNA damage checkpoints maintain the integrity of the genome by delaying cell cycle progression to allow for DNA repair. Here we show that the degradation of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor DEC1, a critical regulator of cell fate and circadian rhythms, controls the DNA damage response. During unperturbed cell cycles, DEC1 is a highly unstable protein that is targeted for proteasome-dependent degradation by the SCF(βTrCP) ubiquitin ligase in cooperation with CK1. Upon DNA damage, DEC1 is rapidly induced in an ATM/ATR-dependent manner. DEC1 induction results from protein stabilization via a mechanism that requires the USP17 ubiquitin protease. USP17 binds and deubiquitylates DEC1, markedly extending its half-life. Subsequently, during checkpoint recovery, DEC1 proteolysis is reestablished through βTrCP-dependent ubiquitylation. Expression of a degradation-resistant DEC1 mutant prevents checkpoint recovery by inhibiting the downregulation of p53. These results indicate that the regulated degradation of DEC1 is a key factor controlling the DNA damage response.
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Kato Y, Kawamoto T, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M. DEC1/STRA13/SHARP2 and DEC2/SHARP1 coordinate physiological processes, including circadian rhythms in response to environmental stimuli. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:339-72. [PMID: 25248482 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daily physiological and behavioral rhythms are regulated by endogenous circadian molecular clocks. Clock proteins DEC1 (BHLHe40) and DEC2 (BHLHe41) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix protein superfamily, which contains other clock proteins CLOCK and BMAL1. DEC1 and DEC2 are induced by CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer via the CACGTG E-box in the promoter and, thereafter, suppress their own expression by competing with CLOCK:BMAL1 for the DNA binding. This negative feedback DEC loop together with the PER loop involving PER and CRY, the other negative clock regulators, maintains the circadian rhythm of Dec1 and Dec2 expression. DEC1 is induced by light pulse and adjusts the circadian phase of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, whereas DEC1 upregulation by TGF-β resets the circadian phase of the peripheral clocks in tissues. Furthermore, DEC1 and DEC2 modulate the clock output signals to control circadian rhythms in behavior and metabolism. In addition to the functions in the clocks, DEC1 and DEC2 are involved in hypoxia responses, immunological reactions, and carcinogenesis. These DEC actions are mediated by the direct binding to the E-box elements in target genes or by protein-protein interactions with transcription factors such as HIF-1α, RXRα, MyoD, and STAT. Notably, numerous growth factors, hormones, and cytokines, along with ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging agents, induce Dec1 and/or Dec2 in a tissue-specific manner. These findings suggest that DEC1 and DEC2 play a critical role in animal adaptation to various environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Ow JR, Tan YH, Jin Y, Bahirvani AG, Taneja R. Stra13 and Sharp-1, the Non-Grouchy Regulators of Development and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:317-38. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Martínez-Llordella M, Esensten JH, Bailey-Bucktrout SL, Lipsky RH, Marini A, Chen J, Mughal M, Mattson MP, Taub DD, Bluestone JA. CD28-inducible transcription factor DEC1 is required for efficient autoreactive CD4+ T cell response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1603-19. [PMID: 23878307 PMCID: PMC3727315 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor DEC1 is induced by CD28 ligation and is required for optimal CD4+ T cell responses and the development of EAE. During the initial hours after activation, CD4+ T cells experience profound changes in gene expression. Co-stimulation via the CD28 receptor is required for efficient activation of naive T cells. However, the transcriptional consequences of CD28 co-stimulation are not completely understood. We performed expression microarray analysis to elucidate the effects of CD28 signals on the transcriptome of activated T cells. We show that the transcription factor DEC1 is highly induced in a CD28-dependent manner upon T cell activation, is involved in essential CD4+ effector T cell functions, and participates in the transcriptional regulation of several T cell activation pathways, including a large group of CD28-regulated genes. Antigen-specific, DEC1-deficient CD4+ T cells have cell-intrinsic defects in survival and proliferation. Furthermore, we found that DEC1 is required for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis because of its critical role in the production of the proinflammatory cytokines GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-2. Thus, we identify DEC1 as a critical transcriptional mediator in the activation of naive CD4+ T cells that is required for the development of a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease.
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Seuter S, Pehkonen P, Heikkinen S, Carlberg C. The gene for the transcription factor BHLHE40/DEC1/stra13 is a dynamically regulated primary target of the vitamin D receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:62-7. [PMID: 23220548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix protein BHLHE40 functions as a transcriptional repressor and is involved in the control of cellular growth, development and circadian rhythms. By the use of genome-wide data on vitamin D receptor (VDR) location, open chromatin and histone modification backed-up by gene-specific mRNA expression studies we show that the human BHLHE40 gene is dynamically up-regulated by the VDR ligand 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) and down-regulated by the histone deactylase inhibitor trichostatin A. The VDR binding site is located 1.7kb upstream of the transcription start site of the BHLHE40 gene and the chromatin at this genomic site is significantly opened by treatment with 1α,25(OH)2D3. The stair case style fluctuations in the BHLHE40 mRNA accumulation relate to the short half-life of the gene's mRNA of 0.9h. The identification of the widely expressed BHLHE40 gene as a primary VDR target may explain secondary effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on BHLHE40 responding genes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Seuter
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Takeshita S, Suzuki T, Kitayama S, Moritani M, Inoue H, Itakura M. Bhlhe40, a potential diabetic modifier gene on Dbm1 locus, negatively controls myocyte fatty acid oxidation. Genes Genet Syst 2013; 87:253-64. [PMID: 23229312 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.87.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) Dbm1 (diabetic modifier QTL 1) on chromosome 6, affecting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and body weight on F(2) progeny of hypoinsulinemic diabetic Akita mice, with the heterozygous Ins2 gene Cys96Tyr mutation, and non-diabetic A/J mice. To discover diabetic modifier genes on Dbm1, we constructed congenic strain for Dbm1 using the Akita allele as donor in A/J allele genetic background, and compared diabetes-related phenotypes to control mice. The homozygote for Akita allele of Dbm1 was associated with lower plasma glucose concentrations in glucose tolerance test (GTT) in the hypoinsulinemic condition derived from the Ins2 mutation and lower plasma insulin concentrations and body weight in the normoinsulinemic condition without the Ins2 mutation than the homozygote for A/J allele, as we performed QTL analysis on F(2) intercross mice. The Akita allele also decreased the epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) weight. According to the analysis of sub-congenic strains, we narrowed down the responsible diabetic modifier region to 9 Mb. As fourteen candidate genes exist in this region, we analyzed genomic variants of these genes and gene expression in the muscle, liver, and EWAT and identified that Bhlhe40 gene expression in muscle is decreased in congenic mice. According to the in vitro functional analyses, Bhlhe40 was shown to negatively control fatty acid oxidation in cultured myocyte. Based on these, we conclude that Bhlhe40 is a possible candidate diabetic modifier gene responsible for Dbm1 locus affecting diabetes and/or obesity through negatively controlling fatty acid oxidation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Takeshita
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Pharmacology Research Labs., Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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Paschaki M, Schneider C, Rhinn M, Thibault-Carpentier C, Dembélé D, Niederreither K, Dollé P. Transcriptomic analysis of murine embryos lacking endogenous retinoic acid signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62274. [PMID: 23638021 PMCID: PMC3634737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), an active derivative of the liposoluble vitamin A (retinol), acts as an important signaling molecule during embryonic development, regulating phenomenons as diverse as anterior-posterior axial patterning, forebrain and optic vesicle development, specification of hindbrain rhombomeres, pharyngeal arches and second heart field, somitogenesis, and differentiation of spinal cord neurons. This small molecule directly triggers gene activation by binding to nuclear receptors (RARs), switching them from potential repressors to transcriptional activators. The repertoire of RA-regulated genes in embryonic tissues is poorly characterized. We performed a comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of murine wild-type and Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 null-mutant (Raldh2−/−) embryos — unable to synthesize RA from maternally-derived retinol — using Affymetrix DNA microarrays. Transcriptomic changes were analyzed in two embryonic regions: anterior tissues including forebrain and optic vesicle, and posterior (trunk) tissues, at early stages preceding the appearance of overt phenotypic abnormalities. Several genes expected to be downregulated under RA deficiency appeared in the transcriptome data (e.g. Emx2, Foxg1 anteriorly, Cdx1, Hoxa1, Rarb posteriorly), whereas reverse-transcriptase-PCR and in situ hybridization performed for additional selected genes validated the changes identified through microarray analysis. Altogether, the affected genes belonged to numerous molecular pathways and cellular/organismal functions, demonstrating the pleiotropic nature of RA-dependent events. In both tissue samples, genes upregulated were more numerous than those downregulated, probably due to feedback regulatory loops. Bioinformatic analyses highlighted groups (clusters) of genes displaying similar behaviors in mutant tissues, and biological functions most significantly affected (e.g. mTOR, VEGF, ILK signaling in forebrain tissues; pyrimidine and purine metabolism, calcium signaling, one carbon metabolism in posterior tissues). Overall, these data give an overview of the gene expression changes resulting from embryonic RA deficiency, and provide new candidate genes and pathways that may help understanding retinoid-dependent molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paschaki
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Unité 964), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Strasbourg, France
| | - Carole Schneider
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Unité 964), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Strasbourg, France
| | - Muriel Rhinn
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Unité 964), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Strasbourg, France
| | - Christelle Thibault-Carpentier
- Biochips platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Unité 964), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Strasbourg, France
| | - Doulaye Dembélé
- Biochips platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Unité 964), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Strasbourg, France
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Unité 964), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Dollé
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Unité 964), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
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Jia YF, Xiao DJ, Ma XL, Song YY, Hu R, Kong Y, Zheng Y, Han SY, Hong RL, Wang YS. Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte-expressed gene 1 is associated with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and Ki67 in human gastric cancer. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:37. [PMID: 23445622 PMCID: PMC3606391 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is a leading causes of cancer-related deaths ,but the underlying molecular mechanisms of its progression are largely unknown. Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte-expressed gene 1 (DEC1), is an important transcription factor involved in the progression of tumors and has recently been identified to be strongly inducible by hypoxia. Little is known about the contribution of DEC1 to the intracellular hypoxia and proliferation signaling events in gastric cancer. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of DEC1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1α) and Ki67 in 173 human gastric cancer samples and adjacent non-tumor tissues samples. The relationship between DEC1, HIF-1α and Ki67 was evaluated. Results DEC1 protein was persistently expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer tissue. The protein expression of DEC1 and HIF-1α in tumour tissues was 83.8% and 54.3%, respectively, and was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (83.8% vs 23.7%, P <0.001; 54.3% vs 12.7%, P< 0.001). The expression of DEC1 and HIF-1α was associated with poor histological differentiation. (P < 0. 01). Furthermore, DEC1 level was positively correlated with HIF-1α (P < 0. 01, r=0.290) and Ki67 expression (P < 0. 01, r=0.249). Conclusion The upregulation of DEC1 may play an important role in hypoxia regulation and cell proliferation in gastric cancer. The relevant molecular mechanism requires further investigation. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1794565980889391med.motic.com/MoticGallery/Slide?id=08d180cd-5fdb-4cee-830a-0b1fef3311f2&user=2C69F0D6-A478-4A2B-ABF0-BB36763E8025med.motic.com/MoticGallery/Slide?id=4762991d-3f2f-43aa-b4bf-ecdd2c2ae3ec&user=2C69F0D6-A478-4A2B-ABF0-BB36763E8025med.motic.com/MoticGallery/Slide?id=2717f209-b3fd-4e71-b621-0d60ea507a82&user=2C69F0D6-A478-4A2B-ABF0-BB36763E8025
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong Province, China
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