1
|
Ferdoush J, Kadir RA, Ogle M, Saha A. Regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress. Gene 2024; 924:148616. [PMID: 38795856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Transcription initiation is a vital step in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. It can be dysregulated in response to various cellular stressors which is associated with numerous human diseases including cancer. Transcription initiation is facilitated via many gene-specific trans-regulatory elements such as transcription factors, activators, and coactivators through their interactions with transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC). These trans-regulatory elements can uniquely facilitate PIC formation (hence, transcription initiation) in response to cellular nutrient stress. Cellular nutrient stress also regulates the activity of other pathways such as target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. TOR pathway exhibits distinct regulatory mechanisms of transcriptional activation in response to stress. Like TOR pathway, the cell cycle regulatory pathway is also found to be linked to transcriptional regulation in response to cellular stress. Several transcription factors such as p53, C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6α), E2F, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), SMAD, and MYC have been implicated in regulation of transcription of target genes involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair pathways. Additionally, cellular metabolic and oxidative stressors have been found to regulate the activity of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). LncRNA regulates transcription by upregulating or downregulating the transcription regulatory proteins involved in metabolic and cell signaling pathways. Numerous human diseases, triggered by chronic cellular stressors, are associated with abnormal regulation of transcription. Hence, understanding these mechanisms would help unravel the molecular regulatory insights with potential therapeutic interventions. Therefore, here we emphasize the recent advances of regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdoush
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.
| | - Rizwaan Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Matthew Ogle
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Ayan Saha
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo Q, Shen F, Zhao S, Dong L, Wei J, Hu H, Huang Q, Wang Q, Yang P, Liang W, Li W, He F, Cao J. LINC00460/miR-186-3p/MYC feedback loop facilitates colorectal cancer immune escape by enhancing CD47 and PD-L1 expressions. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:225. [PMID: 39135122 PMCID: PMC11321182 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been implicated as critical regulators of cancer tumorigenesis and progression. However, their functions and molecular mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) still remain to be further elucidated. METHODS LINC00460 was identified by differential analysis between human CRC and normal tissues and verified by in situ hybridization (ISH) and qRT-PCR. We investigated the biological functions of LINC00460 in CRC by in vitro and in vivo experiments. We predicted the mechanism and downstream functional molecules of LINC00460 by bioinformatics analysis, and confirmed them by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down, etc. RESULTS: LINC00460 was found to be significantly overexpressed in CRC and associated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of LINC00460 promoted CRC cell immune escape and remodeled a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment, thereby promoting CRC proliferation and metastasis. Mechanistic studies showed that LINC00460 served as a molecular sponge for miR-186-3p, and then promoted the expressions of MYC, CD47 and PD-L1 to facilitate CRC cell immune escape. We also demonstrated that MYC upregulated LINC00460 expression at the transcriptional level and formed a positive feedback loop. CONCLUSIONS The LINC00460/miR-186-3p/MYC feedback loop promotes CRC cell immune escape and subsequently facilitates CRC proliferation and metastasis. Our findings provide novel insight into LINC00460 as a CRC immune regulator, and provide a potential therapeutic target for CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
- Department of Thyroid surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Lan Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Jianchang Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - He Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Wenlong Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Wanglin Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China.
| | - Jie Cao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China.
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Loaiza-Moss J, Braun U, Leitges M. Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Spontaneous Immortalization: A Comparative Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8116. [PMID: 39125691 PMCID: PMC11311763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell immortalization, a hallmark of cancer development, is a process that cells can undergo on their path to carcinogenesis. Spontaneously immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been used for decades; however, changes in the global transcriptome during this process have been poorly described. In our research, we characterized the poly-A RNA transcriptome changes after spontaneous immortalization. To this end, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using DESeq2 and characterized by gene ontology enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to identify the potential hub genes. In our study, we identified changes in the expression of genes involved in proliferation regulation, cell adhesion, immune response and transcriptional regulation in immortalized MEFs. In addition, we performed a comparative analysis with previously reported MEF immortalization data, where we propose a predicted gene regulatory network model in immortalized MEFs based on the altered expression of Mapk11, Cdh1, Chl1, Zic1, Hoxd10 and the novel hub genes Il6 and Itgb2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Leitges
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. Johns, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (J.L.-M.); (U.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghasemi N, Azizi H. Exploring Myc puzzle: Insights into cancer, stem cell biology, and PPI networks. Gene 2024; 916:148447. [PMID: 38583818 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
"The grand orchestrator," "Universal Amplifier," "double-edged sword," and "Undruggable" are just some of the Myc oncogene so-called names. It has been around 40 years since the discovery of the Myc, and it remains in the mainstream of cancer treatment drugs. Myc is part of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) superfamily proteins, and its dysregulation can be seen in many malignant human tumors. It dysregulates critical pathways in cells that are connected to each other, such as proliferation, growth, cell cycle, and cell adhesion, impacts miRNAs action, intercellular metabolism, DNA replication, differentiation, microenvironment regulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Myc, surprisingly, is used in stem cell research too. Its family includes three members, MYC, MYCN, and MYCL, and each dysfunction was observed in different cancer types. This review aims to introduce Myc and its function in the body. Besides, Myc deregulatory mechanisms in cancer cells, their intricate aspects will be discussed. We will look at promising drugs and Myc-based therapies. Finally, Myc and its role in stemness, Myc pathways based on PPI network analysis, and future insights will be explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ghasemi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Simoni M, Menegazzi C, Fracassi C, Biffi CC, Genova F, Tenace NP, Lucianò R, Raimondi A, Tacchetti C, Brugarolas J, Mazza D, Bernardi R. PML restrains p53 activity and cellular senescence in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1324-1351. [PMID: 38730056 PMCID: PMC11178789 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the major subtype of RCC, is frequently diagnosed at late/metastatic stage with 13% 5-year disease-free survival. Functional inactivation of the wild-type p53 protein is implicated in ccRCC therapy resistance, but the detailed mechanisms of p53 malfunction are still poorly characterized. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms of disease progression and therapy resistance is required. Here, we report a novel ccRCC dependence on the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein. We show that PML is overexpressed in ccRCC and that PML depletion inhibits cell proliferation and relieves pathologic features of anaplastic disease in vivo. Mechanistically, PML loss unleashed p53-dependent cellular senescence thus depicting a novel regulatory axis to limit p53 activity and senescence in ccRCC. Treatment with the FDA-approved PML inhibitor arsenic trioxide induced PML degradation and p53 accumulation and inhibited ccRCC expansion in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, by defining non-oncogene addiction to the PML gene, our work uncovers a novel ccRCC vulnerability and lays the foundation for repurposing an available pharmacological intervention to restore p53 function and chemosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Simoni
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Menegazzi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Fracassi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia C Biffi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Medical Advisor, Sanofi, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Genova
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nazario Pio Tenace
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Lucianò
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Universita' Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Davide Mazza
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Manohar S, Neurohr GE. Too big not to fail: emerging evidence for size-induced senescence. FEBS J 2024; 291:2291-2305. [PMID: 37986656 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to a permanent and stable state of cell cycle exit. This process plays an important role in many cellular functions, including tumor suppression. It was first noted that senescence is associated with increased cell size in the early 1960s; however, how this contributes to permanent cell cycle exit was poorly understood until recently. In this review, we discuss new findings that identify increased cell size as not only a consequence but also a cause of permanent cell cycle exit. We highlight recent insights into how increased cell size alters normal cellular physiology and creates homeostatic imbalances that contribute to senescence induction. Finally, we focus on the potential clinical implications of these findings in the context of cell cycle arrest-causing cancer therapeutics and speculate on how tumor cell size changes may impact outcomes in patients treated with these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Manohar
- Department of Biology, Institute for Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel E Neurohr
- Department of Biology, Institute for Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sui XY, Ma XY, Hou Y, Cao SW, Wang ZQ, Jia LJ, Fan L, Shao ZM, Zhang WJ. Elongin B promotes breast cancer progression by ubiquitinating tumor suppressor p14/ARF. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:24. [PMID: 38653919 PMCID: PMC11039524 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Elongin B (ELOB), a pivotal element in the ELOB/c-Cullin2/5-SOCS-box E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, plays a significant role in catalyzing the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of a broad spectrum of target proteins. Notably, it is documented to facilitate these processes. However, the regulatory role of ELOB in breast cancer remains ambiguous. In this study, through bio-informatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center database, we demonstrated that ELOB was over-expressed in breast cancer tissues and was related to unfavorable prognosis. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis illustrated that high expression of ELOB was associated with multiple cancer promoting pathways, like cell cycle, DNA replication, proteasome and PI3K - Akt signaling pathway, indicating ELOB as a potential anticancer target. Then, we confirmed that both in vivo and in vitro, the proliferation of breast cancer cells could be significantly suppressed by the down-regulation of ELOB. Mechanically, immunoprecipitation and in vivo ubiquitination assays prompted that, as the core element of Cullin2-RBX1-ELOB E3 ligase (CRL2) complex, ELOB regulated the ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation of oncoprotein p14/ARF. Moreover, the anticancer efficacy of erasing ELOB could be rescued by simultaneous knockdown of p14/ARF. Finally, through analyzing breast cancer tissue microarrays and western blot of patient samples, we demonstrated that the expression of ELOB in tumor tissues was elevated in compared to adjacent normal tissues. In conclusion, ELOB is identified to be a promising innovative target for the drug development of breast cancer by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of oncoprotein p14/ARF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Sui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujin Hou
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuo-Wen Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lopes-Paciencia S, Bourdeau V, Rowell MC, Amirimehr D, Guillon J, Kalegari P, Barua A, Quoc-Huy Trinh V, Azzi F, Turcotte S, Serohijos A, Ferbeyre G. A senescence restriction point acting on chromatin integrates oncogenic signals. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114044. [PMID: 38568812 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We identify a senescence restriction point (SeRP) as a critical event for cells to commit to senescence. The SeRP integrates the intensity and duration of oncogenic stress, keeps a memory of previous stresses, and combines oncogenic signals acting on different pathways by modulating chromatin accessibility. Chromatin regions opened upon commitment to senescence are enriched in nucleolar-associated domains, which are gene-poor regions enriched in repeated sequences. Once committed to senescence, cells no longer depend on the initial stress signal and exhibit a characteristic transcriptome regulated by a transcription factor network that includes ETV4, RUNX1, OCT1, and MAFB. Consistent with a tumor suppressor role for this network, the levels of ETV4 and RUNX1 are very high in benign lesions of the pancreas but decrease dramatically in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. The discovery of senescence commitment and its chromatin-linked regulation suggests potential strategies for reinstating tumor suppression in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Lopes-Paciencia
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Véronique Bourdeau
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Camille Rowell
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Davoud Amirimehr
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jordan Guillon
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Paloma Kalegari
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Arnab Barua
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Feryel Azzi
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Simon Turcotte
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de chirurgie, Service de chirurgie hépatopancréatobiliaire, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrian Serohijos
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee JY, Bhandare RR, Boddu SHS, Shaik AB, Saktivel LP, Gupta G, Negi P, Barakat M, Singh SK, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumour suppressor genes in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116275. [PMID: 38394846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour suppressor genes play a cardinal role in the development of a large array of human cancers, including lung cancer, which is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Therefore, extensive studies have been committed to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of alterations of tumour suppressor genes in governing tumourigenesis, as well as resistance to cancer therapies. In spite of the encouraging clinical outcomes demonstrated by lung cancer patients on initial treatment, the subsequent unresponsiveness to first-line treatments manifested by virtually all the patients is inherently a contentious issue. In light of the aforementioned concerns, this review compiles the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of some of the tumour suppressor genes implicated in lung cancer that are either frequently mutated and/or are located on the chromosomal arms having high LOH rates (1p, 3p, 9p, 10q, 13q, and 17p). Our study identifies specific genomic loci prone to LOH, revealing a recurrent pattern in lung cancer cases. These loci, including 3p14.2 (FHIT), 9p21.3 (p16INK4a), 10q23 (PTEN), 17p13 (TP53), exhibit a higher susceptibility to LOH due to environmental factors such as exposure to DNA-damaging agents (carcinogens in cigarette smoke) and genetic factors such as chromosomal instability, genetic mutations, DNA replication errors, and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current treatment landscape and advancements for lung cancers, including the challenges and endeavours to overcome it. This review envisages inspired researchers to embark on a journey of discovery to add to the list of what was known in hopes of prompting the development of effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522212, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Lakshmana Prabu Saktivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, PO Box 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman-11937, Jordan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ascanelli C, Dahir R, Wilson CH. Manipulating Myc for reparative regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1357589. [PMID: 38577503 PMCID: PMC10991803 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1357589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Myc family of proto-oncogenes is a key node for the signal transduction of external pro-proliferative signals to the cellular processes required for development, tissue homoeostasis maintenance, and regeneration across evolution. The tight regulation of Myc synthesis and activity is essential for restricting its oncogenic potential. In this review, we highlight the central role that Myc plays in regeneration across the animal kingdom (from Cnidaria to echinoderms to Chordata) and how Myc could be employed to unlock the regenerative potential of non-regenerative tissues in humans for therapeutic purposes. Mastering the fine balance of harnessing the ability of Myc to promote transcription without triggering oncogenesis may open the door to many exciting opportunities for therapeutic development across a wide array of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine H. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grant B, Sundaram Buitrago PA, Mercado BC, Yajima M. Characterization of p53/p63/p73 and Myc expressions during embryogenesis of the sea urchin. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:333-350. [PMID: 37698352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some marine invertebrate organisms are considered not to develop tumors due to unknown mechanisms. To gain an initial insight into how tumor-related genes may be expressed and function during marine invertebrate development, we here leverage sea urchin embryos as a model system and characterize the expressions of Myc and p53/p63/p73 which are reported to function synergistically in mammalian models as an oncogene and tumor suppressor, respectively. RESULTS During sea urchin embryogenesis, a combo gene of p53/p63/p73 is found to be maternally loaded and decrease after fertilization both in transcript and protein, while Myc transcript and protein are zygotically expressed. p53/p63/p73 and Myc proteins are observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of every blastomere, respectively, throughout embryogenesis. Both p53/p63/p73 and Myc overexpression results in compromised development with increased DNA damage after the blastula stage. p53/p63/p73 increases the expression of parp1, a DNA repair/cell death marker gene, and suppresses endomesoderm gene expressions. In contrast, Myc does not alter the expression of specification genes or oncogenes yet induces disorganized morphology. CONCLUSIONS p53/p63/p73 appears to be important for controlling cell differentiation, while Myc induces disorganized morphology yet not through conventional oncogene regulations or apoptotic pathways during embryogenesis of the sea urchin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Beatriz C Mercado
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mamiko Yajima
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Korai A, Lin X, Tago K, Funakoshi-Tago M. The acetylation of STAT3 at K685 attenuates NPM-ALK-induced tumorigenesis. Cell Signal 2024; 114:110985. [PMID: 38000524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK), a fusion protein generated by a chromosomal translocation, is a causative gene product of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). It induces cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by activating the transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3). We herein demonstrated that STAT3 underwent acetylation at K685 in a manner that was dependent on the kinase activity of NPM-ALK. To investigate the role of STAT3 acetylation in NPM-ALK-induced oncogenesis, we generated Ba/F3 cells expressing NPM-ALK in which STAT3 was silenced by shRNA, named STAT3-KD cells, and then reconstituted wild-type STAT3 or the STAT3 K685R mutant into these cells. The phosphorylation level of the K685R mutant at Y705 and S727 was significantly higher than that of wild-type STAT3 in STAT3-KD cells. The expression of STAT3 target genes, such as IL-6, Pim1, Pim2, and Socs3, was more strongly induced by the reconstitution of the K685R mutant than wild-type STAT3. In addition, the proliferative ability of STAT3-KD cells reconstituted with the K685R mutant was slightly higher than that of STAT3-KD cells reconstituted with wild-type STAT3. In comparisons with the inoculation of STAT3-KD cells reconstituted with wild-type STAT3, the inoculation of STAT3-KD cells reconstituted with the K685R mutant significantly enhanced tumorigenesis and hepatosplenomegaly in nude mice. Collectively, these results revealed for the first time that the acetylation of STAT3 at K685 attenuated NPM-ALK-induced oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Korai
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Xin Lin
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenji Tago
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan.
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ueda K, Ikeda K. Cellular carcinogenesis in preleukemic conditions:drivers and defenses. Fukushima J Med Sci 2024; 70:11-24. [PMID: 37952978 PMCID: PMC10867434 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2023-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises from preleukemic conditions. We have investigated the pathogenesis of typical preleukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and clonal hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cells in both preleukemic conditions harbor recurrent driver mutations; additional mutation provokes further malignant transformation, leading to AML onset. Although genetic alterations are defined as the main cause of malignant transformation, non-genetic factors are also involved in disease progression. In this review, we focus on a non-histone chromatin protein, high mobility group AT-hook2 (HMGA2), and a physiological p53 inhibitor, murine double minute X (MDMX). HMGA2 is mainly overexpressed by dysregulation of microRNAs or mutations in polycomb components, and provokes expansion of preleukemic clones through stem cell signature disruption. MDMX is overexpressed by altered splicing balance in myeloid malignancies. MDMX induces leukemic transformation from preleukemia via suppression of p53 and p53-independent activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. We also discuss how these non-genetic factors can be targeted for leukemia prevention therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ueda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kubickova A, De Sanctis JB, Hajduch M. Isoform-Directed Control of c-Myc Functions: Understanding the Balance from Proliferation to Growth Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17524. [PMID: 38139353 PMCID: PMC10743581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Myc, a key regulator of cellular processes, has long been associated with roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis. This review analyses the multiple functions of c-Myc by examining the different c-Myc isoforms in detail. The impact of different c-Myc isoforms, in particular p64 and p67, on fundamental biological processes remains controversial. It is necessary to investigate the different isoforms in the context of proto-oncogenesis. The current knowledge base suggests that neoplastic lesions may possess the means for self-destruction via increased c-Myc activity. This review presents the most relevant information on the c-Myc locus and focuses on a number of isoforms, including p64 and p67. This compilation provides a basis for the development of therapeutic approaches that target the potent growth arresting and pro-apoptotic functions of c-Myc. This information can then be used to develop targeted interventions against specific isoforms with the aim of shifting the oncogenic effects of c-Myc from pro-proliferative to pro-apoptotic. The research summarised in this review can deepen our understanding of how c-Myc activity contributes to different cellular responses, which will be crucial in developing effective therapeutic strategies; for example, isoform-specific approaches may allow for precise modulation of c-Myc function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kubickova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.B.D.S.)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.B.D.S.)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.B.D.S.)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang X, Wang T, Zhang Y, Wang F, Chen J, Ni J, Sun R, Wei Z, Zhang G, Li W, Li J, Lu P. Characteristics and therapeutic approaches for patients diagnosed with T-ALL/LBL exhibiting t(8;14)(q24;q11)/TCRA/D:MYC translocation. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:2133-2139. [PMID: 37674391 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2254428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) patients with t(8;14)(q24;q11)/TCRA/D::MYC translocation represent a rare subgroup, with an aggressive course. In our retrospective analysis of 14 patients, all were identified during refractory or relapsed stages (5 primary tumor, 9 relapse). Notably, extramedullary invasion was detected in most patients. Four exhibited STIL::TAL1 translocation, and six demonstrated CDKN2A/B gene loss. The therapeutic outcomes were notably poor for all seven patients who received only chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); all eventually succumbed to the disease with a median OS of 3 months. In the application of CD7 CAR-T therapy in six patients, five achieved CR. Of the four patients who underwent HSCT following CAR-T therapy, all have remained disease-free. The prognosis for T-ALL/LBL patients with t(8;14) translocation remains bleak, but interventions involving CD7 CAR-T may offer a potential pathway to CR. HSCT following CAR-T could be a viable strategy for long-term survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
- Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
- Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Ni
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
| | - Ruijuan Sun
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
- Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Wei
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
- Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gailing Zhang
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
- Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peihua Lu
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, P.R. China
- Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rothschild SC, Lai G, Tombes RM, Clements WK. Constitutively active CaMKII Drives B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in tp53 mutant zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011102. [PMID: 38117861 PMCID: PMC10766190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer and is a malignancy of T or B lineage lymphoblasts. Dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels has been observed in patients with ALL, leading to improper activation of downstream signaling. Here we describe a new zebrafish model of B ALL, generated by expressing human constitutively active CaMKII (CA-CaMKII) in tp53 mutant lymphocytes. In this model, B cell hyperplasia in the kidney marrow and spleen progresses to overt leukemia/lymphoma, with only 29% of zebrafish surviving the first year of life. Leukemic fish have reduced productive genomic VDJ recombination in addition to reduced expression and improper splicing of ikaros1, a gene often deleted or mutated in patients with B ALL. Inhibiting CaMKII in human pre-B ALL cells induced cell death, further supporting a role for CaMKII in leukemogenesis. This research provides novel insight into the role of Ca2+-directed signaling in lymphoid malignancy and will be useful in understanding disease development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Rothschild
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Guanhua Lai
- Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Tombes
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Wilson K. Clements
- Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shankaranarayana AH, Meduri B, Pujar GV, Hariharapura RC, Sethu AK, Singh M, Bidye D. Restoration of p53 functions by suppression of mortalin-p53 sequestration: an emerging target in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:2087-2112. [PMID: 37877348 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional inactivation of wild-type p53 is a major trait of cancerous cells. In many cases, such inactivation occurs by either TP53 gene mutations or due to overexpression of p53 binding partners. This review focuses on an overexpressed p53 binding partner called mortalin, a mitochondrial heat shock protein that sequesters both wild-type and mutant p53 in malignant cells due to changes in subcellular localization. Clinical evidence suggests a drastic depletion of the overall survival time of cancer patients with high mortalin expression. Therefore, mortalin-p53 sequestration inhibitors could be game changers in improving overall survival rates. This review explores the consequences of mortalin overexpression and challenges, status and strategies for accelerating drug discovery to suppress mortalin-p53 sequestration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Handattu Shankaranarayana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Bhagyalalitha Meduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Gurubasavaraj Veeranna Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sethu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Durgesh Bidye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dang CV. Cancer Metabolism Historical Perspectives: A Chronicle of Controversies and Consensus. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041530. [PMID: 37553212 PMCID: PMC10691493 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
A century ago, Otto Warburg's work sparked the field of cancer metabolism, which has since taken a tortuous path. As evidence accumulated over the decades, consensus views of causes of cancer emerged, whereby genetic and epigenetic oncogenic drivers promoted immune evasion and induced new blood vessels and neoplastic metabolism to support tumor growth. Neoplastic cells abandon social cues of intercellular cooperation, escape tissue confinement, metastasize, and ultimately kill the host. Herein, key milestones in the study of cancer metabolism are chronicled with an emphasis on carbohydrate metabolism. The field began with a cancer cell-autonomous view that has been refined by a richer understanding of solid cancers as growing, immune-suppressive, complex organs comprising different cell types that are nourished by a variety of nutrients and variable amounts of oxygen through abnormal neovasculatures. Based on foundational historical studies, our current understanding of cancer metabolism offers a hopeful outlook for targeting metabolism to enhance cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi V Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10017, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yapindi L, Bowley T, Kurtaneck N, Bergeson RL, James K, Wilbourne J, Harrod CK, Hernandez BY, Emerling BM, Yates C, Harrod R. Activation of p53-regulated pro-survival signals and hypoxia-independent mitochondrial targeting of TIGAR by human papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins. Virology 2023; 585:1-20. [PMID: 37257253 PMCID: PMC10527176 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The high-risk subtype human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) infect and oncogenically transform basal epidermal stem cells associated with the development of squamous-cell epithelial cancers. The viral E6 oncoprotein destabilizes the p53 tumor suppressor, inhibits p53 K120-acetylation by the Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60, or Kat5), and prevents p53-dependent apoptosis. Intriguingly, the p53 gene is infrequently mutated in HPV + cervical cancer clinical isolates which suggests a possible paradoxical role for this gatekeeper in viral carcinogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that E6 activates the TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and protects cells against oncogene-induced oxidative genotoxicity. The E6 oncoprotein induces a Warburg-like stress response and activates PI3K/PI5P4K/AKT-signaling that phosphorylates the TIGAR on serine residues and induces its hypoxia-independent mitochondrial targeting in hrHPV-transformed cells. Primary HPV + cervical cancer tissues contain high levels of TIGAR, p53, and c-Myc and our xenograft studies have further shown that lentiviral-siRNA-knockdown of TIGAR expression inhibits hrHPV-induced tumorigenesis in vivo. These findings suggest the modulation of p53 pro-survival signals and the antioxidant functions of TIGAR could have key ancillary roles during HPV carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lacin Yapindi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Tetiana Bowley
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Nick Kurtaneck
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Rachel L Bergeson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Kylie James
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Jillian Wilbourne
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Carolyn K Harrod
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Brenda Y Hernandez
- Hawaii Tumor Registry, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | | | - Courtney Yates
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, United States
| | - Robert Harrod
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo L, Xia Y, Li H, Wang Z, Xu H, Dai X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Fan W, Wei F, Li Q, Zhang L, Cao L, Zhang S, Hu W, Gu H. FIT links c-Myc and P53 acetylation by recruiting RBBP7 during colorectal carcinogenesis. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1124-1133. [PMID: 37225855 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses one of the most serious threats to human health worldwide, and abnormally expressed c-Myc and p53 are deemed the pivotal driving forces of CRC progression. In this study, we discovered that the lncRNA FIT, which was downregulated in CRC clinical samples, was transcriptionally suppressed by c-Myc in vitro and promoted CRC cell apoptosis by inducing FAS expression. FAS is a p53 target gene, and we found that FIT formed a trimer with RBBP7 and p53 that facilitated p53 acetylation and p53-mediated FAS gene transcription. Moreover, FIT was capable of retarding CRC growth in a mouse xenograft model, and FIT expression was positively correlated with FAS expression in clinical samples. Thus, our study elucidates the role of the lncRNA FIT in human colorectal cancer growth and provides a potential target for anti-CRC drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zifei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenhu Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Limian Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shangxin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Wanglai Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Translational Research Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Science, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oei V, Chuang LSH, Matsuo J, Srivastava S, Teh M, Ito Y. RUNX3 inactivates oncogenic MYC through disruption of MYC/MAX complex and subsequent recruitment of GSK3β-FBXW7 cascade. Commun Biol 2023; 6:689. [PMID: 37400551 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC is one of the most commonly dysregulated proto-oncogenes in cancer. MYC promotes cancer initiation and maintenance by regulating multiple biological processes, such as proliferation and stem cell function. Here, we show that developmental regulator RUNX3 targets MYC protein for rapid degradation through the glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (GSK3β-FBXW7) proteolytic pathway. The evolutionarily conserved Runt domain of RUNX3 interacts directly with the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper of MYC, resulting in the disruption of MYC/MAX and MYC/MIZ-1 interactions, enhanced GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of MYC protein at threonine-58 and its subsequent degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. We therefore uncover a previously unknown mode of MYC destabilization by RUNX3 and provide an explanation as to why RUNX3 inhibits early-stage cancer development in gastrointestinal and lung mouse cancer models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Oei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School, Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda Shyue Huey Chuang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junichi Matsuo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ueda K. Review: MDMX plays a central role in leukemic transformation and may be a promising target for leukemia prevention strategies. Exp Hematol 2023:S0301-472X(23)00161-3. [PMID: 37086813 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal disease resulting from preleukemic hematopoietic conditions including asymptomatic clonal hematopoiesis. The accumulation of genetic changes is one of the causes of leukemic transformation. However, nongenetic factors including the overexpression of specific genes also contribute to preleukemic to leukemic transition. Among them, the p53 inhibitor Murine Double Minute X (MDMX) plays crucial roles especially in leukemia initiation. MDMX is broadly overexpressed in vast majority of AML cases, including in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) level. Recently, high expression of MDMX in HSPC has been shown to be associated with leukemic transformation in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, and preclinical studies demonstrated that MDMX overexpression accelerates the transformation of preleukemic murine models, including models of clonal hematopoiesis. MDMX inhibition, through activation of cell-intrinsic p53 activity, shows antileukemic effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of MDMX in provoking leukemic transformation are complicated. Both p53-dependent and independent mechanisms are involved in the progression of the disease. This review discusses the canonical and noncanonical functions of MDMX and how these functions are involved in the maintenance, expansion, and progression to malignancy of preleukemic stem cells. Moreover, strategies on how leukemic transformation could possibly be prevented by targeting MDMX in preleukemic stem cells are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ueda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 9601295, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nabil R, Elshazly SS, Hassan NM, Nooh HA. The expression level of ARF and p53 in AML patients, and their relation to patients' outcome. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-023-00410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of hematopoietic progenitors characterized by gene mutations. The most popular deregulations are mutation and altered expression in the p53 gene, which is considered the guardian of the genome. Its activity is controlled by regulatory genes, e.g., alternate open reading frame (ARF), whose defects could affect p53 activity.
Aim
To study the effect of altered expression of p53 and ARF genes in de novo AML patients and correlate the results to the patients’ characteristics and outcomes.
Methods
Expression levels of p53 and ARF were assessed in 96 AML adult patients compared to 20 healthy controls using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR).
Results
There was significant up-regulation of p53 [77.6 (3.8–9528.3)] compared to controls [1.031 (0.210–9.051)], p < 0.001]. The expression level of ARF was significantly upregulated [6.2 (0.5–964.0)] compared to controls [0.854 (0.357–2.519), p < 0.001]. All of the low ARF expressers had low p53 overexpression, 61.1% of patients with high ARF expression had high p53 over-expression, and 38.9% with high ARF expression had low p53 over-expression (p < 0.001). ARF expression shows a trend of association with FLT3 mutation, as 89.3% with FLT3 mutation have high ARF expression (p = 0.080). Low p53 over-expression was seen in 77% of APL patients, while high p53 expression was associated with non-APL (p = 0.040). The median DFS of mutant NPM1 patients was higher than wild NPM1 (46.15 vs. 5.89 days, p = 0.045). Patients aged ≤ 50 years had better OS and DFS than those > 50 (p = 0.05, p = 0.035, respectively).There were no significant statistical associations between DFS and p53, ARF, and FLT3 mutations.
Conclusion
The p53 and ARF genes are overexpressed in de novo AML patients and they are interrelated. low p53 overexpression is associated with APL phenotype and t(15;17) and patients with t(15;17) had slightly better survival than patients with negative t(15;17) (p = 0.061). AML patients with mutated NPM1 had better DFS than wild NPM1 (p = 0.045). p53 pathway regulation can occur by many alternative ways rather than gene mutation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mainwaring OJ, Weishaupt H, Zhao M, Rosén G, Borgenvik A, Breinschmid L, Verbaan AD, Richardson S, Thompson D, Clifford SC, Hill RM, Annusver K, Sundström A, Holmberg KO, Kasper M, Hutter S, Swartling FJ. ARF suppression by MYC but not MYCN confers increased malignancy of aggressive pediatric brain tumors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1221. [PMID: 36869047 PMCID: PMC9984535 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, often harbors MYC amplifications. Compared to high-grade gliomas, MYC-amplified medulloblastomas often show increased photoreceptor activity and arise in the presence of a functional ARF/p53 suppressor pathway. Here, we generate an immunocompetent transgenic mouse model with regulatable MYC that develop clonal tumors that molecularly resemble photoreceptor-positive Group 3 medulloblastoma. Compared to MYCN-expressing brain tumors driven from the same promoter, pronounced ARF silencing is present in our MYC-expressing model and in human medulloblastoma. While partial Arf suppression causes increased malignancy in MYCN-expressing tumors, complete Arf depletion promotes photoreceptor-negative high-grade glioma formation. Computational models and clinical data further identify drugs targeting MYC-driven tumors with a suppressed but functional ARF pathway. We show that the HSP90 inhibitor, Onalespib, significantly targets MYC-driven but not MYCN-driven tumors in an ARF-dependent manner. The treatment increases cell death in synergy with cisplatin and demonstrates potential for targeting MYC-driven medulloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Mainwaring
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Rosén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Borgenvik
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura Breinschmid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annemieke D Verbaan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stacey Richardson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dean Thompson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Rebecca M Hill
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl O Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lafita-Navarro MC, Conacci-Sorrell M. Nucleolar stress: From development to cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 136:64-74. [PMID: 35410715 PMCID: PMC9883801 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus is a large nuclear membraneless organelle responsible for ribosome biogenesis. Ribosomes are cytoplasmic macromolecular complexes comprising RNA and proteins that link amino acids together to form new proteins. The biogenesis of ribosomes is an intricate multistep process that involves the transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and the assembly of rRNA with ribosomal proteins to form active ribosomes. Nearly all steps necessary for ribosome production and maturation occur in the nucleolus. Nucleolar shape, size, and number are directly linked to ribosome biogenesis. Errors in the steps of ribosomal biogenesis are sensed by the nucleolus causing global alterations in nucleolar function and morphology. This phenomenon, known as nucleolar stress, can lead to molecular changes such as stabilization of p53, which in turn activates cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. In this review, we discuss recent work on the association of nucleolar stress with degenerative diseases and developmental defects. In addition, we highlight the importance of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis for the enhanced nucleolar activity of cancer cells and discuss targeting nucleotide biosynthesis as a strategy to activate nucleolar stress to specifically target cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The "Superoncogene" Myc at the Crossroad between Metabolism and Gene Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044217. [PMID: 36835628 PMCID: PMC9966483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of the Myc (c-myc, n-myc, l-myc) oncogene as a canonical, DNA-bound transcription factor has consistently changed over the past few years. Indeed, Myc controls gene expression programs at multiple levels: directly binding chromatin and recruiting transcriptional coregulators; modulating the activity of RNA polymerases (RNAPs); and drawing chromatin topology. Therefore, it is evident that Myc deregulation in cancer is a dramatic event. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal, still incurable, brain cancer in adults, and it is characterized in most cases by Myc deregulation. Metabolic rewiring typically occurs in cancer cells, and GBM undergoes profound metabolic changes to supply increased energy demand. In nontransformed cells, Myc tightly controls metabolic pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. Consistently, in Myc-overexpressing cancer cells, including GBM cells, these highly controlled metabolic routes are affected by enhanced Myc activity and show substantial alterations. On the other hand, deregulated cancer metabolism impacts Myc expression and function, placing Myc at the intersection between metabolic pathway activation and gene expression. In this review paper, we summarize the available information on GBM metabolism with a specific focus on the control of the Myc oncogene that, in turn, rules the activation of metabolic signals, ensuring GBM growth.
Collapse
|
28
|
Capellmann S, Sonntag R, Schüler H, Meurer SK, Gan L, Kauffmann M, Horn K, Königs-Werner H, Weiskirchen R, Liedtke C, Huber M. Transformation of primary murine peritoneal mast cells by constitutive KIT activation is accompanied by loss of Cdkn2a/Arf expression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154416. [PMID: 37063827 PMCID: PMC10097954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells of the myeloid lineage distributed in tissues throughout the body. Phenotypically, they are a heterogeneous group characterized by different protease repertoires stored in secretory granules and differential presence of receptors. To adequately address aspects of MC biology either primary MCs isolated from human or mouse tissue or different human MC lines, like HMC-1.1 and -1.2, or rodent MC lines like L138.8A or RBL-2H3 are frequently used. Nevertheless, cellular systems to study MC functions are very limited. We have generated a murine connective tissue-like MC line, termed PMC-306, derived from primary peritoneal MCs (PMCs), which spontaneously transformed. We analyzed PMC-306 cells regarding MC surface receptor expression, effector functions and respective signaling pathways, and found that the cells reacted very similar to primary wildtype (WT) PMCs. In this regard, stimulation with MAS-related G-protein-coupled receptor member B2 (MRGPRB2) ligands induced respective signaling and effector functions. Furthermore, PMC-306 cells revealed significantly accelerated cell cycle progression, which however was still dependent on interleukine 3 (IL-3) and stem cell factor (SCF). Phenotypically, PMC-306 cells adopted an immature connective tissue-like MCs appearance. The observation of cellular transformation was accompanied by the loss of Cdkn2a and Arf expression, which are both described as critical cell cycle regulators. The loss of Cdkn2a and Arf expression could be mimicked in primary bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) by sustained SCF supplementation strongly arguing for an involvement of KIT activation in the regulation of Cdkn2a/Arf expression. Hence, this new cell line might be a useful tool to study further aspects of PMC function and to address tumorigenic processes associated with MC leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Capellmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sandro Capellmann, ; Michael Huber,
| | - Roland Sonntag
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Herdit Schüler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen K. Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lin Gan
- Genomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marlies Kauffmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Königs-Werner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sandro Capellmann, ; Michael Huber,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Deciphering the Role of p53 and TAp73 in Neuroblastoma: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246212. [PMID: 36551697 PMCID: PMC9777536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonic cancer that develops from neural crest stem cells, being one of the most common malignancies in children. The clinical manifestation of this disease is highly variable, ranging from spontaneous regression to increased aggressiveness, which makes it a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric oncology. The p53 family proteins p53 and TAp73 play a key role in protecting cells against genomic instability and malignant transformation. However, in NB, their activities are commonly inhibited by interacting proteins such as murine double minute (MDM)2 and MDMX, mutant p53, ΔNp73, Itch, and Aurora kinase A. The interplay between the p53/TAp73 pathway and N-MYC, a known biomarker of poor prognosis and drug resistance in NB, also proves to be decisive in the pathogenesis of this tumor. More recently, a strong crosstalk between microRNAs (miRNAs) and p53/TAp73 has been established, which has been the focused of great attention because of its potential for developing new therapeutic strategies. Collectively, this review provides an updated overview about the critical role of the p53/TAp73 pathway in the pathogenesis of NB, highlighting encouraging clues for the advance of alternative NB targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
30
|
Traweek RS, Cope BM, Roland CL, Keung EZ, Nassif EF, Erstad DJ. Targeting the MDM2-p53 pathway in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006959. [PMID: 36439412 PMCID: PMC9684653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is an aggressive adipogenic cancer with poor prognosis. DDLPS tumors are only modestly sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation, and there is a need for more effective therapies. Genetically, DDLPS is characterized by a low tumor mutational burden and frequent chromosomal structural abnormalities including amplification of the 12q13-15 chromosomal region and the MDM2 gene, which are defining features of DDLPS. The MDM2 protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the tumor suppressor, p53, for proteasomal degradation. MDM2 amplification or overexpression in human malignancies is associated with cell-cycle progression and worse prognosis. The MDM2-p53 interaction has thus garnered interest as a therapeutic target for DDLPS and other malignancies. MDM2 binds p53 via a hydrophobic protein interaction that is easily accessible with synthetic analogues. Multiple agents have been developed, including Nutlins such as RG7112 and small molecular inhibitors including SAR405838 and HDM201. Preclinical in vitro and animal models have shown promising results with MDM2 inhibition, resulting in robust p53 reactivation and cancer cell death. However, multiple early-phase clinical trials have failed to show a benefit with MDM2 pathway inhibition for DDLPS. Mechanisms of resistance are being elucidated, and novel inhibitors and combination therapies are currently under investigation. This review provides an overview of these strategies for targeting MDM2 in DDLPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S. Traweek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brandon M. Cope
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina L. Roland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emily Z. Keung
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elise F. Nassif
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Derek J. Erstad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Melatonin finely tunes proliferation and senescence in hematopoietic stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151251. [PMID: 35772322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
32
|
Revia S, Seretny A, Wendler L, Banito A, Eckert C, Breuer K, Mayakonda A, Lutsik P, Evert M, Ribback S, Gallage S, Chikh Bakri I, Breuhahn K, Schirmacher P, Heinrich S, Gaida MM, Heikenwälder M, Calvisi DF, Plass C, Lowe SW, Tschaharganeh DF. Histone H3K27 demethylase KDM6A is an epigenetic gatekeeper of mTORC1 signalling in cancer. Gut 2022; 71:1613-1628. [PMID: 34509979 PMCID: PMC9279849 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large-scale genome sequencing efforts of human tumours identified epigenetic modifiers as one of the most frequently mutated gene class in human cancer. However, how these mutations drive tumour development and tumour progression are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function of the histone demethylase KDM6A in gastrointestinal cancers, such as liver cancer and pancreatic cancer. DESIGN Genetic alterations as well as expression analyses of KDM6A were performed in patients with liver cancer. Genetic mouse models of liver and pancreatic cancer coupled with Kdm6a-deficiency were investigated, transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling was performed, and in vivo and in vitro drug treatments were conducted. RESULTS KDM6A expression was lost in 30% of patients with liver cancer. Kdm6a deletion significantly accelerated tumour development in murine liver and pancreatic cancer models. Kdm6a-deficient tumours showed hyperactivation of mTORC1 signalling, whereas endogenous Kdm6a re-expression by inducible RNA-interference in established Kdm6a-deficient tumours diminished mTORC1 activity resulting in attenuated tumour progression. Genome-wide transcriptional and epigenetic profiling revealed direct binding of Kdm6a to crucial negative regulators of mTORC1, such as Deptor, and subsequent transcriptional activation by epigenetic remodelling. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo genetic epistasis experiments illustrated a crucial function of Deptor and mTORC1 in Kdm6a-dependent tumour suppression. Importantly, KDM6A expression in human tumours correlates with mTORC1 activity and KDM6A-deficient tumours exhibit increased sensitivity to mTORC1 inhibition. CONCLUSION KDM6A is an important tumour suppressor in gastrointestinal cancers and acts as an epigenetic toggle for mTORC1 signalling. Patients with KDM6A-deficient tumours could benefit of targeted therapy focusing on mTORC1 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffie Revia
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Seretny
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Wendler
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Banito
- Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Eckert
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kersten Breuer
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Suchira Gallage
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinrich
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Joint Unit Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- TRON, Translational Oncology, University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Darjus F Tschaharganeh
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wagner KD, Wagner N. The Senescence Markers p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in Organ Development and Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121966. [PMID: 35741095 PMCID: PMC9221567 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that senescent cells accumulate with aging. They are characterized by replicative arrest and the release of a myriad of factors commonly called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Despite the replicative cell cycle arrest, these cells are metabolically active and functional. The release of SASP factors is mostly thought to cause tissue dysfunction and to induce senescence in surrounding cells. As major markers for aging and senescence, p16INK4, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 are established. Importantly, senescence is also implicated in development, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. While many markers of senescence have been identified, none are able to unambiguously identify all senescent cells. However, increased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4A and p21 are often used to identify cells with senescence-associated phenotypes. We review here the knowledge of senescence, p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in embryonic and postnatal development and potential functions in pathophysiology and homeostasis. The establishment of senolytic therapies with the ultimate goal to improve healthy aging requires care and detailed knowledge about the involvement of senescence and senescence-associated proteins in developmental processes and homeostatic mechanism. The review contributes to these topics, summarizes open questions, and provides some directions for future research.
Collapse
|
34
|
Shen W, Zhou Q, Peng C, Li J, Yuan Q, Zhu H, Zhao M, Jiang X, Liu W, Ren C. FBXW7 and the Hallmarks of Cancer: Underlying Mechanisms and Prospective Strategies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880077. [PMID: 35515121 PMCID: PMC9063462 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FBXW7, a member of the F-box protein family within the ubiquitin–proteasome system, performs an indispensable role in orchestrating cellular processes through ubiquitination and degradation of its substrates, such as c-MYC, mTOR, MCL-1, Notch, and cyclin E. Mainly functioning as a tumor suppressor, inactivation of FBXW7 induces the aberrations of its downstream pathway, resulting in the occurrence of diseases especially tumorigenesis. Here, we decipher the relationship between FBXW7 and the hallmarks of cancer and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Considering the interplay of cancer hallmarks, we propose several prospective strategies for circumventing the deficits of therapeutic resistance and complete cure of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quanwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenxi Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qizhi Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hecheng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Synthetic Lethality Partners in DNA Damage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073555. [PMID: 35408915 PMCID: PMC8998982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are pivotal mediators and effectors of the DNA damage response (DDR) that regulate both the pathway components and proteins involved in repair processes. Synthetic lethality (SL) describes a situation in which two genes are linked in such a way that the lack of functioning of just one maintains cell viability, while depletion of both triggers cell death. Synthetic lethal interactions involving CDKs are now emerging, and this can be used to selectively target tumor cells with DNA repair defects. In this review, SL interactions of CDKs with protooncogene products MYC, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1), and cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) are discussed. The individual roles of each of the SL partners in DDR are described.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kung CP, Weber JD. It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818744. [PMID: 35155432 PMCID: PMC8833255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumorigenic mechanisms mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, upon oncogenic stresses, are our bodies’ greatest weapons to battle against cancer onset and development. Consequently, factors that possess significant p53-regulating activities have been subjects of serious interest from the cancer research community. Among them, MDM2 and ARF are considered the most influential p53 regulators due to their abilities to inhibit and activate p53 functions, respectively. MDM2 inhibits p53 by promoting ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p53, while ARF activates p53 by physically interacting with MDM2 to block its access to p53. This conventional understanding of p53-MDM2-ARF functional triangle have guided the direction of p53 research, as well as the development of p53-based therapeutic strategies for the last 30 years. Our increasing knowledge of this triangle during this time, especially through identification of p53-independent functions of MDM2 and ARF, have uncovered many under-appreciated molecular mechanisms connecting these three proteins. Through recognizing both antagonizing and synergizing relationships among them, our consideration for harnessing these relationships to develop effective cancer therapies needs an update accordingly. In this review, we will re-visit the conventional wisdom regarding p53-MDM2-ARF tumor-regulating mechanisms, highlight impactful studies contributing to the modern look of their relationships, and summarize ongoing efforts to target this pathway for effective cancer treatments. A refreshed appreciation of p53-MDM2-ARF network can bring innovative approaches to develop new generations of genetically-informed and clinically-effective cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Pei Kung
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
| | - Jason D. Weber
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The MYC oncogene - the grand orchestrator of cancer growth and immune evasion. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:23-36. [PMID: 34508258 PMCID: PMC9083341 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The MYC proto-oncogenes encode a family of transcription factors that are among the most commonly activated oncoproteins in human neoplasias. Indeed, MYC aberrations or upregulation of MYC-related pathways by alternate mechanisms occur in the vast majority of cancers. MYC proteins are master regulators of cellular programmes. Thus, cancers with MYC activation elicit many of the hallmarks of cancer required for autonomous neoplastic growth. In preclinical models, MYC inactivation can result in sustained tumour regression, a phenomenon that has been attributed to oncogene addiction. Many therapeutic agents that directly target MYC are under development; however, to date, their clinical efficacy remains to be demonstrated. In the past few years, studies have demonstrated that MYC signalling can enable tumour cells to dysregulate their microenvironment and evade the host immune response. Herein, we discuss how MYC pathways not only dictate cancer cell pathophysiology but also suppress the host immune response against that cancer. We also propose that therapies targeting the MYC pathway will be key to reversing cancerous growth and restoring antitumour immune responses in patients with MYC-driven cancers.
Collapse
|
38
|
Santamaria K, Desmots F, Leonard S, Caron G, Haas M, Delaloy C, Chatonnet F, Rossille D, Pignarre A, Monvoisin C, Seffals M, Lamaison C, Cogné M, Tarte K, Fest T. Committed Human CD23-Negative Light-Zone Germinal Center B Cells Delineate Transcriptional Program Supporting Plasma Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744573. [PMID: 34925321 PMCID: PMC8674954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell affinity maturation occurs in the germinal center (GC). Light-zone (LZ) GC B cells (BGC-cells) interact with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and compete for the limited, sequential help from T follicular helper cells needed to escape from apoptosis and complete their differentiation. The highest-affinity LZ BGC-cells enter the cell cycle and differentiate into PCs, following a dramatic epigenetic reorganization that induces transcriptome changes in general and the expression of the PRDM1 gene in particular. Human PC precursors are characterized by the loss of IL-4/STAT6 signaling and the absence of CD23 expression. Here, we studied the fate of human LZ BGC-cells as a function of their CD23 expression. We first showed that CD23 expression was restricted to the GC LZ, where it was primarily expressed by FDCs; less than 10% of tonsil LZ BGC-cells were positive. Sorted LZ BGC-cells left in culture and stimulated upregulated CD23 expression but were unable to differentiate into PCs – in contrast to cells that did not upregulate CD23 expression. An in-depth analysis (including single-cell gene expression) showed that stimulated CD23-negative LZ BGC-cells differentiated into plasmablasts and time course of gene expression changes delineates the transcriptional program that sustains PC differentiation. In particular, we identified a B cell proliferation signature supported by a transient MYC gene expression. Overall, the CD23 marker might be of value in answering questions about the differentiation of normal BGC-cells and allowed us to propose an instructive LZ BGC-cells maturation and fate model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Santamaria
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Desmots
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Simon Leonard
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Gersende Caron
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Haas
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Delaloy
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Chatonnet
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Delphine Rossille
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Amandine Pignarre
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Marine Seffals
- University of Rennes 1, UMS Biosit, H2P2 Platform, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Lamaison
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Cogné
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Symer DE, Akagi K, Geiger HM, Song Y, Li G, Emde AK, Xiao W, Jiang B, Corvelo A, Toussaint NC, Li J, Agrawal A, Ozer E, El-Naggar AK, Du Z, Shewale JB, Stache-Crain B, Zucker M, Robine N, Coombes KR, Gillison ML. Diverse tumorigenic consequences of human papillomavirus integration in primary oropharyngeal cancers. Genome Res 2021; 32:55-70. [PMID: 34903527 PMCID: PMC8744672 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275911.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes 5% of all cancers and frequently integrates into host chromosomes. The HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are necessary but insufficient for cancer formation, indicating that additional secondary genetic events are required. Here, we investigate potential oncogenic impacts of virus integration. Analysis of 105 HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers by whole-genome sequencing detects virus integration in 77%, revealing five statistically significant sites of recurrent integration near genes that regulate epithelial stem cell maintenance (i.e., SOX2, TP63, FGFR, MYC) and immune evasion (i.e., CD274). Genomic copy number hyperamplification is enriched 16-fold near HPV integrants, and the extent of focal host genomic instability increases with their local density. The frequency of genes expressed at extreme outlier levels is increased 86-fold within ±150 kb of integrants. Across 95% of tumors with integration, host gene transcription is disrupted via intragenic integrants, chimeric transcription, outlier expression, gene breaking, and/or de novo expression of noncoding or imprinted genes. We conclude that virus integration can contribute to carcinogenesis in a large majority of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers by inducing extensive disruption of host genome structure and gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Symer
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Keiko Akagi
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Yang Song
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gaiyun Li
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Weihong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - André Corvelo
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013, USA
| | | | - Jingfeng Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Enver Ozer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Division of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zoe Du
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jitesh B Shewale
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Mark Zucker
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Kevin R Coombes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Maura L Gillison
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao L, Li H, Huang X, Liu T, Xin Y, Xiao Z, Zhao W, Miao S, Chen J, Li Z, Mi Y. The endocytic pathway of Pt nanoclusters and their induced apoptosis of A549 and A549/Cis cells through c-Myc/p53 and Bcl-2/caspase-3 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112360. [PMID: 34794242 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, multifunctional platinum nanoclusters (Pt-NCs) as new Pt-based anti-cancer drugs exhibit a promising therapeutic efficiency for several cancer diseases, especially for human pulmonary carcinoma. However, the endocytosis behaviors (like uptake pathway, etc.) and induced apoptosis mechanism of Pt-NCs for drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are still inconclusive. In this research, we explored the endocytic pathway of Pt-NCs in both typical NSCLC A549 cells and cisplatin-resistant A549/Cis cells through qualitative confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) measurement and quantitative flow cytometry (FCM) and inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis, by the means of introducing the specific inhibitors which impede the classical ways of endocytosis. It was found that Pt-NCs dominatingly entered A549 cells via caveolin-mediated endocytosis as well as A549/Cis cells through micropinocytosis approach. Pt-NCs possessed an excellent inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which the cell activity of A549 cells reduced to 14% and that of A549/Cis cells went down about four fifths. Moreover, Pt-NCs treatment increased caspase-3 protein levels and downregulated the expression of c-Myc and Bcl-2, proving the Pt-NCs-induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells was related to c-Myc/p53 and Bcl-2/caspase-3 signal pathways. These results demonstrate the explicit uptake pathway and apoptotic signaling pathway of Pt-NCs for NSCLC, which provides an in-depth and reasonable theoretical basis for the development of new Pt-NCs-based chemotherapeutics in future clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Criti cal Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongyun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Criti cal Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, No. 41 Zhongyuan Road (M), Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou 450007, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Criti cal Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhengzhou Orthopedics Hospital, No. 56 Longhai Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhongqing Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Criti cal Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wenfei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Criti cal Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shaoyi Miao
- Department of Respiratory and Criti cal Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Criti cal Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zengbei Li
- School of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, No. 41 Zhongyuan Road (M), Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhao Y, Huang Z, Peng H. Molecular Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Its Roles in Hematologic Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743006. [PMID: 34778060 PMCID: PMC8582018 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is essential for the normal metabolism of human organisms. Ferroptosis is a unique regulated cell death (RCD) mode characterized by excess accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with other well-known programmed cell death modes. It has been currently recognized that ferroptosis plays a rather important role in the occurrence, development, and treatment of traumatic brain injury, stroke, acute kidney injury, liver damage, ischemia–reperfusion injury, tumor, etc. Of note, ferroptosis may be explained by the expression of various molecules and signaling components, among which iron, lipid, and amino acid metabolism are the key regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis. Meanwhile, tumor cells of hematological malignancies, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (MM), are identified to be sensitive to ferroptosis. Targeting potential regulatory factors in the ferroptosis pathway may promote or inhibit the disease progression of these malignancies. In this review, a systematic summary was conducted on the key molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and the current potential relationships of ferroptosis with leukemia, lymphoma, and MM. It is expected to provide novel potential therapeutic approaches and targets for hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zineng Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang P, Gao K, Zhang L, Sun H, Zhao X, Liu Y, Lv Z, Shi Q, Chen Y, Jiao D, Li Y, Gu W, Wang C. CRL2-KLHDC3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex suppresses ferroptosis through promoting p14 ARF degradation. Cell Death Differ 2021; 29:758-771. [PMID: 34743205 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 (commonly known as xCT) functions to import cystine for glutathione biosynthesis, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress and ferroptosis, a regulated form of non-apoptotic cell death driven by the accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS). p14ARF, a well-established tumor suppressor, promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting NRF2-mediated SLC7A11 transcription. Here, we demonstrate the crucial role of Cullin 2 RING E3 ligase (CRL2)-KLHDC3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex in regulating p14ARF protein stability. KLHDC3 acts as a CRL2 adaptor that specifically recognizes a C-terminal degron in p14ARF and triggers p14ARF for ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. This regulation mode is absent in the murine p14ARF homolog, p19arf which lacks the C-terminal degron. We also show that KLHDC3 suppresses ferroptosis in vitro and supports tumor growth in vivo by relieving p14ARF-mediated suppression of SLC7A11 transcription. Overall, these findings reveal that the protein stability and pro-ferroptotic function of p14ARF are controlled by a CRL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and suggest that suppression of the p14ARF-NRF2-SLC7A11 regulatory pathway by KLHDC3 overexpression likely contributes to cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kun Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaying Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeheng Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingji Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyue Jiao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chenji Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Harrington CT, Sotillo E, Dang CV, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Tilting MYC toward cancer cell death. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:982-994. [PMID: 34481764 PMCID: PMC8541926 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MYC oncoprotein promotes cell proliferation and serves as the key driver in many human cancers; therefore, considerable effort has been expended to develop reliable pharmacological methods to suppress its expression or function. Despite impressive progress, MYC-targeting drugs have not reached the clinic. Recent advances suggest that within a limited expression range unique to each tumor, MYC oncoprotein can have a paradoxical, proapoptotic function. Here we introduce a counterintuitive idea that modestly and transiently elevating MYC levels could aid chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and thus benefit the patients as much, if not more than MYC inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T Harrington
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dang CV. Sex, life, and death in MYC-driven lymphomagenesis. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3886-3887. [PMID: 34624215 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gong et al. (2021) demonstrate that MYC-induced proteotoxic stress could be relieved by inactivating RNA helicase DDX3X for tumor initiation, and in male MYC-driven lymphomas, the homologous helicase DDX3Y, encoded on the Y chromosome, is subsequently induced for disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi V Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Inhibition of Metabolism as a Therapeutic Option for Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092398. [PMID: 34572047 PMCID: PMC8467413 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have an increased need for glucose and, despite aerobic conditions, obtain their energy through aerobic oxidation and lactate fermentation, instead of aerobic oxidation alone. Glutamine is an essential amino acid in the human body. Glutaminolysis and glycolysis are crucial for cancer cell survival. In the therapy of estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer (BC), the focus lies on hormone sensitivity targeting therapy with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), although this therapy is partially limited by the development of resistance. Therefore, further targets for therapy improvement of ERα-positive BC with secondary 4-OHT resistance are needed. Hence, increased glucose requirement and upregulated glutaminolysis in BC cells could be used. We have established sublines of ERα-positive MCF7 and T47D BC cells, which were developed to be resistant to 4-OHT. Further, glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG) and glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 were analyzed. Co-treatments using 4-OHT and CB-839, 2-DG and CB-839, or 4-OHT, 2-DG and CB-839, respectively, showed significantly stronger inhibitory effects on viability compared to single treatments. It could be shown that tamoxifen-resistant BC cell lines, compared to the non-resistant cell lines, exhibited a stronger reducing effect on cell viability under co-treatments. In addition, the tamoxifen-resistant BC cell lines showed increased expression of proto-oncogene c-Myc compared to the parental cell lines. This could be reduced depending on the treatment. Suppression of c-Myc expression using specific siRNA completely abolished resistance to 4OH-tamoxifen. In summary, our data suggest that combined treatments affecting the metabolism of BC are suitable depending on the cellularity and resistance status. In addition, the anti-metabolic treatments affected the expression of the proto-oncogene c-Myc, a key player in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu Y, Xin B, Yamamoto M, Goto M, Ooshio T, Kamikokura Y, Tanaka H, Meng L, Okada Y, Mizukami Y, Nishikawa Y. Generation of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma through transdifferentiation and dedifferentiation in p53-knockout mice. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3111-3124. [PMID: 34051011 PMCID: PMC8353893 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The two principal histological types of primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma, can coexist within a tumor, comprising combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CCA). Although the possible involvement of liver stem/progenitor cells has been proposed for the pathogenesis of cHCC‐CCA, the cells might originate from transformed hepatocytes that undergo ductular transdifferentiation or dedifferentiation. We previously demonstrated that concomitant introduction of mutant HRASV12 (HRAS) and Myc into mouse hepatocytes induced dedifferentiated tumors that expressed fetal/neonatal liver genes and proteins. Here, we examine whether the phenotype of HRAS‐ or HRAS/Myc‐induced tumors might be affected by the disruption of the Trp53 gene, which has been shown to induce biliary differentiation in mouse liver tumors. Hepatocyte‐derived liver tumors were induced in heterozygous and homozygous p53‐knockout (KO) mice by hydrodynamic tail vein injection of HRAS‐ or Myc‐containing transposon cassette plasmids, which were modified by deleting loxP sites, with a transposase‐expressing plasmid. The HRAS‐induced and HRAS/Myc‐induced tumors in the wild‐type mice demonstrated histological features of HCC, whereas the phenotype of the tumors generated in the p53‐KO mice was consistent with cHCC‐CCA. The expression of fetal/neonatal liver proteins, including delta‐like 1, was detected in the HRAS/Myc‐induced but not in the HRAS‐induced cHCC‐CCA tissues. The dedifferentiation in the HRAS/Myc‐induced tumors was more marked in the homozygous p53‐KO mice than in the heterozygous p53‐KO mice and was associated with activation of Myc and YAP and suppression of ERK phosphorylation. Our results suggest that the loss of p53 promotes ductular differentiation of hepatocyte‐derived tumor cells through either transdifferentiation or Myc‐mediated dedifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Xin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Goto
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takako Ooshio
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Kamikokura
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Lingtong Meng
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Genomics and Precision Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tomicic MT, Krämer F, Nguyen A, Schwarzenbach C, Christmann M. Oxaliplatin-Induced Senescence in Colorectal Cancer Cells Depends on p14 ARF-Mediated Sustained p53 Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092019. [PMID: 33922007 PMCID: PMC8122251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is an important consequence of cytostatic drug-based tumor therapy. Here we analyzed to which degree the anticancer drug oxaliplatin induces cell death, cell cycle arrest, and senescence in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and elucidated the role of p53. Oxaliplatin treatment resulted in the G2-phase arrest in all CRC lines tested (HCT116p53+/+, HCT116p53-/-, LoVo, SW48 and SW480). Immunoblot analysis showed that within the p53-competent lines p53 and p21CIP1 are activated at early times upon oxaliplatin treatment. However, at later times, only LoVo cells showed sustained activation of the p53/p21CIP1 pathway, accompanied by a strong induction of senescence as measured by senescence-associated β-Gal staining and induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Opposite to LoVo, the p53/p21CIP1 response and senescence induction was much weaker in the p53-proficient SW48 and SW480 cells, which was due to deficiency for p14ARF. Thus, among lines studied only LoVo express p14ARF protein and siRNA-mediated knockdown of p14ARF significantly reduced sustained p53/p21CIP1 activation and senescence. Vice versa, ectopic p14ARF expression enhanced oxaliplatin-induced senescence in SW48 and SW480 cells. Our data show that oxaliplatin-induced senescence in CRC cells is dependent on p53 proficiency; however, a significant induction can only be observed upon p14ARF-mediated p53 stabilization.
Collapse
|
49
|
Fairlie WD, Lee EF. Co-Operativity between MYC and BCL-2 Pro-Survival Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2841. [PMID: 33799592 PMCID: PMC8000576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), c-MYC and related proteins are arguably amongst the most widely studied in all of biology. Every year there are thousands of papers reporting on different aspects of their biochemistry, cellular and physiological mechanisms and functions. This plethora of literature can be attributed to both proteins playing essential roles in the normal functioning of a cell, and by extension a whole organism, but also due to their central role in disease, most notably, cancer. Many cancers arise due to genetic lesions resulting in deregulation of both proteins, and indeed the development and survival of tumours is often dependent on co-operativity between these protein families. In this review we will discuss the individual roles of both proteins in cancer, describe cancers where co-operativity between them has been well-characterised and finally, some strategies to target these proteins therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Petrenko O, Li J, Cimica V, Mena-Taboada P, Shin HY, D’Amico S, Reich NC. IL-6 promotes MYC-induced B cell lymphomagenesis independent of STAT3. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247394. [PMID: 33651821 PMCID: PMC7924759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 is known to play a causal role in the promotion of cancer, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be completely understood. Interplay between endogenous and environmental cues determines the fate of cancer development. The Eμ-myc transgenic mouse expresses elevated levels of c-Myc in the B cell lineage and develops B cell lymphomas with associated mutations in p53 or other genes linked to apoptosis. We generated Eμ-myc mice that either lacked the IL-6 gene, or lacked the STAT3 gene specifically in B cells to determine the role of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in tumor development. Using the Eμ-myc lymphoma mouse model, we demonstrate that IL-6 is a critical tumor promoter during early stages of B cell lymphomagenesis. IL-6 is shown to inhibit the expression of tumor suppressors, notably BIM and PTEN, and this may contribute to advancing MYC-driven B cell tumorigenesis. Several miRNAs known to target BIM and PTEN are upregulated by IL-6 and likely lead to the stable suppression of pro-apoptotic pathways early during the tumorigenic process. STAT3, a classical downstream effector of IL-6, appears dispensable for Eμ-myc driven lymphomagenesis. We conclude that the growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic mechanisms activated by IL-6 are critically involved in Eμ-myc driven tumor initiation and progression, but the B cell intrinsic expression of STAT3 is not required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksi Petrenko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Velasco Cimica
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- American Type Culture Collection, City of Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Patricio Mena-Taboada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- University Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ha Youn Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Stephen D’Amico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Nancy C. Reich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|